The effect on control of Physalophora canker on shoots of Japanese pear by shaving to remove fungal warts or the applica-tion of fungicides was investigated in a long-term field experiment during 1991-1996. In 1991, diseased shoots each with 60 warts of Physalospora canker were placed on healthy trees 2 years old growing outdoors without the application of fungicides during March-November. As a result of this inoculation, shoots of the current year, which grew from 1991 onwards, displayed many warts from the first year after inoculation, and 2-year old shoots displayed many warts from the second year after inoculation. The diseased warts were shaved off in December every year during 1991-1996, while fungicide treatments were sprayed 13 times every growing season from 1992 to 1994. However, no fungicides at all were applied during 1995-1996. Shaving off warts reduced the occur-rence of warts the following year by half, but warts occurred for at least 5 years after the initial removal was carried out. However the application of fungicides that were effective against Physalospora canker, at 13 sprays a year, completely stopped the occurrence of warts on every shoot. The current year's growth in 1995 and 1996 displayed few warts. Shoots that were 2-4 years old, in which the lignification was finished, showed few warts from the second year after spraying had stopped. From these results, it was concluded that the application of fungicides that were effective against Physalospora canker, with 13 sprays a year a season, had a protective effect not only for current shoots, but also for shoots in which lignification had finished. And it would be more effective to paint a thiophanate-methyl paste onto the surface of the injured parts after shaving warts from shoots in which lignification had finished.


Adult educators have relied heavily on stage and phase theories of human development to understand adults as learners and the place of learning in their lives. Such models of development have been questioned in terms of the developmental ends posited and the related implications for practitioners. This article describes a narrative approach to adult development and suggests that such a perspective holds rich potential for enhancing our understanding of adult learners and the possible roles educators might play in learners' developmental processes. Key orientations that constitute a narrative approach are discussed; they focus on narrative knowing and meaning making, and the temporal, retrospective, contextual nature of narrative development.


A set of generations of single tester analysis developed from crosses of 17 genetically diverse upland cotton genotypes with tester parent LH 1832, was grown in a randomized complete block design and was evaluated for characters related to yield, fibre quality, earliness and plant type. The tests for epistasis i.e. Ai and Bi revealed the presence of non-allelic interactions for most of the characters studied. The mean squares for additive genetic component was significant for all characters except for number of sympods indicated involvement of additive genetic component for almost all the characters. The mean squares for dominance component indicated the absence of dominance genetic variance for boll setting percentage, boll weight and lint index whereas for all other characters, the contrast for dominance component was significant. The magnitude of additive genetic component was higher for plant height, number of monopods, boll setting percentage, boll weight, seed index, lint index, 2.5% span length and fibre strength. On the contrary, the magnitude of dominance genetic component was higher for number of bolls, seed cotton yield per plant, days to maturity, ginning out-turn, harvest index and fibre fineness where degree of dominance was in the range of over-dominance. The results obtained through this analysis indicated the involvement of additive as well as non-additive genetic components for most of the characters studied and on the basis of these estimates, appropriate breeding method has been discussed for the improvement of these characters.


The present invention relates to a camera lens module and a production method. The camera lens module comprises a lens holder, a glass sheet, a substrate and an image sensing chip. Wherein, the lens holder is provided with a cavity and connected with a lens. The glass sheet is positioned below the cavity of the lens holder. The substrate is provided with a hole aligned to the cavity of the tube holder and arranged on a lower surface of the tube holder. The image sensing chip is connected with a lower surface of the substrate and aligned to the hole of the substrate. The present invention arranges the substrate on the image sensing chip to effectively lower height of the camera lens. In addition, the image sensing chip is arranged below the substrate (or a flexible plate) provided with a hole, thus also enhancing heat dissipation of the image sensing chip. An inner wall of the lens holder is arranged with double-sided adhesives to collect dust, foreign matter, etc. on the glass sheet, thus improving photography quality of the camera lens module.


It is argued in this paper that motion planning and control inyolye two different types of processing. Global planning such as that required to make one's way through a city inyolyes symbolic sequential processing, whilst local obstacle-ayoidance capabilities such as those used to reach one's mug when there are other objects around inYolYe massiYely-parallel distributed processing. The main algorithms for motion planning and control deyeloped within the AI and neurocomputing paradigms are reviewed, their strengths and weaknesses being highlighted. The conclusion is that a combination of AI techniques with neurocomputing ones that takes advantage of the strong points of both computing paradigms is required to deyelop robust computational systems for motion planning and control. The key point to achieve such a combination is to devise good interfaces between the representations used in the two paradigms.


Objective: To evaluate the impact of complications on long-term survival in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Background: Surgical resection for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma is vulnerable to postoperative complications. The prognostic impact of complications in patients with this disease is unknown. Methods: The medical records of patients who underwent curative-intent hepatectomy for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma between 2010 and 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. The comprehensive complication index (CCI) was calculated based on all postoperative complications, which were graded by the Clavien-Dindo classification (CDC). Patients were divided into high and low CCI groups by the median score, and survival was compared between the 2 groups. Results: Excluding 8 patients who died in hospital, 369 patients were analyzed. The CDC grade was I in 20 (5.4%), II in 108 (29.3%), III in 224 (60.7%), and IV in 17 (4.6%) patients. The CCI increased with increasing CDC grade; the median was 42.9 (range, 15.0–98.9). Overall survival differed significantly between the high (n = 187) and low (n = 182) CCI groups (41.2% vs 47.9% at 5 years; P = 0.041). However, multivariable analyses demonstrated that traditional clinicopathological factors were independent predictors of survival and that the dichotomized CCI was not. In addition, the CCI score as a continuous variable was not an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in the multivariable analyses (hazard ratio per 1 CCI score: 1.00, 95% confidence interval: 0.99–1.01, P = 0.775). Conclusions: Cumulative postoperative complications after resection of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma only moderately deteriorate long-term survival, and should not be an argument to deny surgery in this high-risk population.


A method for driving a plasma display panel having priming electrodes each of which is disposed in every second one of gaps each between display electrode pairs each comprising a scan electrode and a sustain electrode and is parallel to the display electrode pairs. According to the method, write intervals include an odd line write interval during which to perform the writing to main discharge cells having odd-numbered scan electrodes, and also include an even line write interval during which to perform the writing to main discharge cells having even-numbered scan electrodes. During each of these write intervals, a scan pulse voltage (Va) is sequentially applied to the odd-numbered or even-numbered scan electrodes, while a priming pulse voltage (Vp) is applied, prior to the application of the scan pulse voltage (Va), to the priming electrodes adjacent to the scan electrodes, to which the scan pulse voltage (Va) is applied, so as to generate a priming discharge between a respective priming electrode and a respective data electrode.


1 The mechanisms involved in tachykinin‐induced oedema were investigated in rat skin and interactions between the tachykinins and calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) were studied. 2 Intradermal injections of the tachykinins, substance P, neurokinin A and neurokinin B, stimulated local oedema formation which was in each case potentiated by co‐injection of the vasodilator CGRP. Oedema induced by substance P, in the presence and absence of CGRP, was significantly inhibited by pretreatment of rats with a combination of the histamine H1 antagonist, mepyramine, and the 5‐hydroxytryptamine antagonist, methysergide. Oedema induced by neurokinin A or B was not inhibited by this pretreatment. 3 Intradermally‐injected CGRP induced a long lasting increase in local blood flow, which was measured with a laser Doppler blood flow meter. The simultaneous injection of substance P, but not of the structurally‐related neurokinins, caused a loss of the prolonged vasodilator activity of CGRP. 4 These results show that oedema induced by substance P is partially dependent on mast cell amines and that only substance P causes a loss of the prolonged vasodilator activity of CGRP. 5 We suggest that the ability of substance P to prevent the persistent vasodilator activity of CGRP may be a direct consequence of substance P‐induced activation of mast cells.


After-tax performance measurement requires a rigorous definition of after-tax portfolio value. An understanding of after-tax value is also a prerequisite for effective management of taxable portfolios. We propose that the tax option, which is the right to execute tax-beneficial transactions – colloquially referred to as 'tax-loss selling'– should be included in the value of the portfolio.Currently there are several definitions of after-tax portfolio value in use, including 'hold' value and 'intrinsic' value. Hold value is the present value of the after-tax cash flows assuming a buy-and-hold strategy. The shortcoming of hold value is that it fails to consider tax-beneficial transactions. Intrinsic value partially corrects for this by recognizing current tax-beneficial transactions. However, intrinsic value does not consider potential future tax-beneficial transactions, i.e. the time value of the tax option. Our proposed definition of after-tax portfolio value is the sum of the hold value and the value of the tax option, including time value. Incorporating the time value of an option is in line with contemporary finance theory. The tax option can be valued with existing industry standard methodology, incorporating investor-specific parameters such as tax rates and mortality rates.Exercise of the tax option is a trade-off: cashflow savings in exchange for forfeited option value. Reinvestment of the proceeds automatically gives rise to a new tax option, whose value should be incorporated into the sale decision. Thus sale and reinvestment also entails swapping an in-the-money tax option for an at-the-money option. Reinvestment in a 'like' security ensures that the asset allocation and the risk characteristics of the portfolio remain the same. While the concept of the tax option is applicable to any asset class, municipal bonds, which are normally held in taxable accounts, are especially suitable to illustrate the basic concepts. Due to tax-related factors the hold value of a municipal bond can substantially differ from its market price. This contributes to the complexity of the valuation of the tax option, and it can guide issuers in designing products to appeal to tax-aware investors. According to our analysis, intermediate 5% bonds callable in 10 years are ideal tax-beneficial structures. Remarkably, this coincides with the current market practice of issuing 5% non-call 10 bonds. Unlike a conventional embedded bond option, such as a call or a put, the value of the tax option is not reflected in the market value of the portfolio. Nevertheless, this value should be recognized. Even if option-enhanced value is not practical for external reporting, it provides an added dimension for the portfolio manager by quantifying the value of potential tax-beneficial trading opportunities.


Small‐cell carcinoma (SmC) and high‐grade non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) are aggressive neoplasms that require prompt diagnosis and treatment. An immediate diagnosis can be obtained using fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) material from lymph nodes (LNs), which are clinically or radiologically suspicious for tumor involvement. However, in aspirates from LNs, the cytologic distinction of SmC from NHL can be challenging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of various cytologic features that can be used during a rapid on‐site evaluation to differentiate these two entities. Twenty‐seven metastatic SmC and 50 NHLs cases diagnosed by FNAB of LNs were reviewed. All NHL diagnoses (neck, 29; abdomen, 9; axilla, 6; groin, 5; and parotid, 1) were confirmed with tissue sections, flow cytometry, or immunohistochemistry. These cases were classified as follicular, 21 (42%); diffuse large B cell, 13 (26%); small lymphocytic, 7 (14%); mantle cell, 4 (8%); anaplastic large cell, 2 (4%); and 1 each (2%), Burkitt, lymphoplasmacytic, and peripheral T‐cell lymphomas. Immunochemistry confirmed the cytologic diagnoses of all SmC cases (neck, 16; mediastinum, 9; abdomen, 1; and axilla, 1) with either positive chromogranin or synaptophysin. All specimens were reviewed independently by three cytopathologists who were unaware of the original diagnoses. The presence and proportion of single (noncohesive) tumor cells, lymphoglandular bodies, nuclear fragments, paranuclear blue inclusions, nuclear molding, evenly dispersed fine‐granular chromatin, crush artifact, and composition of cell clusters (monomorphic vs. polymorphic) were statistically evaluated. The presence of evenly dispersed fine‐granular chromatin, paranuclear blue inclusions, and nuclear fragments was each statistically significant in differentiating SmC when compared with NHL (P < 0.01). The remaining features were not significant in distinguishing SmC from NHL in LN aspirates. The identification of distinct cytologic findings such as evenly dispersed fine‐granular chromatin, paranuclear blue inclusions, and nuclear fragments can be a valuable aid to accurately diagnose and differentiate metastatic SmC from NHL in FNAB preparations from LNs. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:229–234. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Metaphors in ordinary language are used in everyday life without us knowing it. The
metaphorical visual rhetoric used in connection with the communication of the message
conveyed in its present image is considered more able to convey the meaning of the message
to the audience. This is the metaphor of visual rhetoric being the main force of the value of
persuasion in advertising, and also the moral message when artists convey social criticism
by juxtaposing their rhetorical comparisons metaphorically to be meaningful. The same is
true for works of art and design as visual powers that are symbolic to be understood by the
audience. This library research was carried out with a critical methodological approach to
the study and creation of art and design as a tool or discourse of art that often borrows
cultural domains and codes in its visual images. The findings in the rhetorical metaphorical
discourse of visual art are expected to be able to contribute in solving visual ideas with the
problems of fine art studies and design. This library research found an understanding of the
meaning of symbolic ideology coupled with a metaphorical approach to visual rhetoric that
has developed and expanded the study of discourse not only to the aspect of fine arts but its
use is already in the objects of architectural building design forms, augmented reality /
virtual reality games, icons on smartphones, computer os , and on the phenomenon of memes
in social media.


The present invention discloses a health matsutake mushroom sauce and its preparation method, is a Matsutake fungus, Shegua, beans, meat, Huadiao wine, wheat kernels, Sprout, black beans, cod, mushrooms, grapefruit, fresh Houttuynia, avocado, tofu, purple sweet potato flour, mixed drink, stars, vegetables, orange dulcis and other raw material composition. The advantages are: simple health matsutake mushroom sauce according to the invention, the processing method of operation, making environmental safety, health, using the method of the invention to produce a seasoning sauce pure color, delicious and rich, mellow taste, nutrient-rich, can to meet the health needs of the modern diet, and has some health benefits.


s:Machining principle and NC reforming solution of rebuilding normal drilling machine (Z3063) into NC drilling machine for handling large ducts and planking is introduced.


Purpose
Given the urgency to address the climate change crisis, the purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of 12 macro-level antecedents on energy and environmental (E&E) shareholder activism in 12 developed countries. Focus was placed on shareholder-initiated E&E resolutions.

Design/methodology/approach
Panel regressions were used to evaluate the relationships between the macro-level antecedents and two dependent variables, namely, the number of shareholder-initiated E&E resolutions filed and voting support for these resolutions.

Findings
The number of shareholder-initiated E&E resolutions filed increased slightly over the research period (2010–2019) but received very little voting support on average. Most of the 1,116 considered resolutions centred on the adoption or amendment of nuclear and environmental policies. Several resolutions called for improved E&E reporting. A significant relationship was found between the number of shareholder-initiated E&E resolutions filed and the rule of law.

Research limitations/implications
The empirical evidence confirmed limited voting support for shareholder-initiated E&E resolutions and the importance of the rule of law in advancing the E&E social movement.

Practical implications
As the E&E social movement is gaining momentum, listed companies in the considered countries are likely to experience more pressure from shareholder activists.

Social implications
To achieve participatory and inclusive climate governance, shareholder activists should collaborate more closely with other challengers in the E&E social movement, notably policy makers and those promoting the rule of law.

Originality/value
The authors considered macro-level antecedents of E&E shareholder activism that have received scant attention in earlier studies. Social movement theory was used as a novel theoretical lens.


To better understand the healthcare burden of people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 in Ontario, Canada.


The third industry doesn′t develop in proportion to the natural economy and in addition the development of each trade is also out of proportion to the national economy of Yanan. This impedes the advance of the economy. In order to increase the speed of development in the economy of Yanan,a new economicpolicy for the third industry needs to be establshed; the developmental space needs to be windened; the market system needs to be fostered; the training for talent needs to be reinfored; the science and technology of the third industry needs to be pushed forward.


Abstract Metasurfaces, composed of specifically designed subwavelength units in a two-dimensional plane, offer a new paradigm to design ultracompact optical elements that show great potentials for miniaturizing optical systems. In the past few decades, metasurfaces have drawn broad interests in multidisciplinary communities owing to their capability of manipulating various parameters of the light wave with plentiful functionalities. Among them, pixelated polarization manipulation in the subwavelength scale is a distinguished ability of metasurfaces compared to traditional optical components. However, the inherent ohmic loss of plasmonic-type metasurfaces severely hinders their broad applications due to the low efficiency. Therefore, metasurfaces composed of high-refractive-index all-dielectric antennas have been proposed to achieve high-efficiency devices. Moreover, anisotropic dielectric nanostructures have been shown to support large refractive index contrast between orthogonal polarizations of light and thus provide an ideal platform for polarization manipulation. Herein, we present a review of recent progress on all-dielectric metasurfaces for polarization manipulation, including principles and emerging applications. We believe that high efficient all-dielectric metasurfaces with the unprecedented capability of the polarization control can be widely applied in areas of polarization detection and imaging, data encryption, display, optical communication and quantum optics to realize ultracompact and miniaturized optical systems.


just as true under a high tax as under a low tax or no tax at all. The tax may of course reduce the profitableness of advertising in all locations, but it can scarcely affect the choice as between city and country locations. If two runners in a 100 yard race were each given a handicap of ten feet, the time recorded for running the race would be changed, but the relative position of the runners at the finish would not be altered.


This paper reports the experimental validation of a SIP-based service platform for optical transport networks. The platform enables applications to trigger network resource reservation during the session signaling thanks to a consistent network node configuration.


In this research we estimate investment equations for both buildings and machinery for Dutch dairy farmers producing under a quota regime. In the investment equations the impact of capital adjustment costs and external finance costs is taken into account. Moreover, potential sample selection bias in estimating the buildings investment equation is tested to be absent. We present a new approach in the derivation of investment equations containing financial variables. With the estimated investment equations we assess the impact of 2003 CAP reform on investment decisions of Dutch dairy farmers producing under a quota regime.


This paper deals with the analysis of coordinate compound expressions into the phrases that are compounded and the elements that join them together. We call these, respectively, members and connectives. Coordinate compounds are understood as conjunctions or as disjunctions, depending on the connective that links its members. We begin by considering unmixed coordinate compounds, in which disjunctions do not appear as members of conjunctions and conjunctions do not appear as members of disjunctions. Two major classes of unmixed coordinate compounds are distinguished, depending on whether connectives appear in them. Following traditional grammar, coordinate compounds with one or more connectives joining its members are called syndetons; the others are called asyndetons. Asyndetons, unlike syndetons, cannot have coordinate compounds as members. We account for this property by proposing that asyndetons are not constituents of the phrases that contain them. On the other hand, since syndetons can have syndetons as members, their degreee of ambiguity grows exponentially with the number of noncompound members (called ultimate members) in them. We develop several principles which account for why this potential for ambiguity is not generally a problem in language use. We also analyze the use of punctuation in the written expression of unmixed coordinate compounds. The last part of this paper is concerned with mixed coordinate compounds, in which a conjunction has a disjunction as a member, or vice versa. We examine the roles of syntax and punctuation in disambiguating these inherently ambiguous expressions, and analyze the semantic and pragmatic factors that play a major role in the disambiguation process.


Combined with the topographical and geological conditions,an introduction was made on the basic concept and key points of powerhouse design for Minda Hydropower Station of Myanmar in respects of comparison and selection of powerhouse sites,substation design schemes and powerhouse arrangement.


nanocrystals: MEG or efficient exciton generation via critical points in c-Si? I.F.Crowe, M.P. Halsall , A. R. Peaker , M. Shah, A.J. Kenyon, O. Hulko, A.P. Knights, P. Yang and R.M. Gwilliam Photon Science Institute and School of Electrical a nd Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada Surrey Ion Beam Centre, Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 5XH, UK e-mail address of corresponding author: email@example.com


The article discusses the issues of developing a qualimetric model for assessing the internal compliance risks management system in the system of accumulative pension provision. The object of the research is the compliance risks management in the system of accumulative pension provision. One of the least developed issues is the lack of research on the assessment of the internal risk management system on the basis of a qualimetric approach. This hinders the practical aspects of introspection regarding the assessment of the quality of the internal compliance risk management system in the system of accumulative pension provision. Using the methods of analysis and synthesis, the general components for the development of a qualimetric model of quantitative assessment of the internal system of compliance risk management in the system of accumulative pension provision are defined. A qualimetric approach was used during the research. Thus, the article, using the factor-criterion modeling (qualimetric approach), develops a qualimetric model of quantitative evaluation of the internal system of compliance risk management in the system of accumulative pension provision. The proposed qualimetric model has a number of features, including organizational and informational, methodological and process components of compliance risk management in the system of accumulative pension provision. This provides such an advantage as the possibility of introspection and internal control of the formed internal system of compliance risk management in the system of accumulative pension provision. Also, the developed model allows the application of a qualimetric approach to solving the scientific task of assessing the internal system of compliance risk management in the system of accumulative pension provision, which will provide a multi-criteral approach to the management of these risks.


Colloidal Au less than 2O nm was prepared in an aqueous solution of HAuCl4 by irradiation with a near-infrared femtosecond laser. The absorption peak around 526nm in the absorption spectra and the peaks 2θ=38.3°and 2θ=24° in the x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern indicated the formation of Au colloid. Nonlinear optical properties of Au colloid were investigated by using the Z-scan techn/que with 8ns pulses at 532nm. The transi-tion characteristics from self-defocusing to self-focusing and fom saturable absorption (SA) to reverse saturable absorption (RSA) were observed for the Au colloid.


A new scintillation crystal, cerium-doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO), was recently discovered, with light intensity 75% of NaI(Tl), scintillation decay time of 12 ns (30%) and 42 ns (70%), effective Z of 66, and density of 7.4 g/cc. The fast decay time and scintillation light output of LSO are superior to those of bismuth germanate (BGO) for positron emission tomography (PET) and the stopping power of LSO for 511 keV photons is only slightly lower than that of BGO. The authors directly compared the detection characteristics relevant to PET applications of small crystals of LSO (2*2*10 mm) with those of BGO. The energy resolution at 511 keV was 12% FWHM for LSO and two to three times wider for BGO. The coincidence timing of two opposing crystals, using a position sensitive photomultiplier tube (PMT) (Hamamatsu R2486), were 1.4 ns FWHM for LSO and more than three times higher for BGO. Using a fast PMT (Hamamatsu R3177), coincidence timing for LSO yielded 0.46 ns FWHM. These crystals are being used to simulate a small-scale PET scanner and to investigate its imaging performance.<<ETX>>


Objectives: The purposes of the study were to analyze the temporal variation of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and particulate matter (PM) in daycare centers...


Infection Control reported three cases of Kpn-KPC with a probable relation among them in the adult intensive care unit UCI-A in the hospital "Dr. Verdi Cevallos Balda" from Portoviejo, Manabi, Ecuador. This observational and descriptive study aims to characterize this outbreak, according time, space and person. Laboratory tests are analyzed, and the correlation between cases and positive result of the study is shown. Clinical epidemiological aspects of patients with Kpn-KPC carbapenemases producing Klepsiella pneumoniae infection were recorded (January to March 2017). The ICU-A Adult Intensive Care Unit and family environment are a probable factor of dissemination of the disease. The isolation of KPC is an alternative to clinical suspicion. The implementation of infection control measures is essential to reduce nosocomial transmission of Kpn-KPC.


In the paper optimal control problems are considered, describing by the Cauchy problem for the flrst order linear hyperbolic system with two independent variables and integral quadratic functional. The existence and uniqueness theorems of the optimal control are proved. Necessary and su-cient conditions of optimality are derived. Finding of the optimal control and minimum of the functional is reduced to the solution of the non-linear system of integro- difierential equations. Existence and uniqueness of the solution of the Cauchy problem in the class of analytical functions when the Cauchy condition is given in the part of the domain non having any char- acteristic direction, follows from Kovalevskiy's theorem (5). For the system of linear equations with partial derivatives of the flrst order over two independent variables I.G. Petrovskiy (5) gave a deflnition of hyperbolic system and proved a theorem on existence and uniqueness for the Cauchy problem in the class of non-analytic functions. In this work and in (2) the solution of Cauchy problem is given by means of characteristics. Further in (4) the existence of the con- tinuous solution of the quazilinear hyperbolic system with two independent variables is proved. A lot of work may be noted (1, 3, 6, 7), devoted to the optimization of the controlled objects with distributed parameters, described by the flrst order hyperbolic systems. In those works existence of the optimal control is proved and necessary conditions of optimality are derived. 2. Problem statement


Thermonuclear reactions on unstable nuclei generate the energy that power nova explosions and X‐ray bursts. In these explosions and others such as supernovae, these reactions serve to synthesize nuclei that (via their decay) can serve as tracers of the explosion mechanism. A powerful approach to improve our understanding of these explosions is to utilize beams of radioactive nuclei for direct and indirect measurements of these reactions. We are pursuing this approach at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to study reactions in the rp‐process (with beams of 17,18F) and the r‐process (with beams of 82Ge, 84Se 130,132Sn, 134Te). These measurements are combined with synergistic data evaluations and element synthesis calculations. Highlights of recent results are presented.


The EU-funded project DANTES (2002-2005) addresses pro-active environmental management, and is run by Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry, ABB, Stora Enso and Chalmers University of Technology. The focus of the project is to demonstrate how methods and tools for environmental sustainability such as Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) and Life Cycle Cost (LCC), are practically used within these companies. Integrated usage of methods and tools for estimating environmental load from products has been analysed and structured, based on practical experiences at the companies and knowledge about environmental informatics. The project will result in strategies focusing on the communication of information required for environmentally related decisions. The strategies are describing how requested information is acquired using existing tools and methods, and how the resulting information is communicated to decisionmakers in an understandable way. By using these strategies the environmental work and decision-making is made more costefficient in any company. INTRODUCTION Many sustainability tools and methods, such as assessment and communication tools, have been developed during the last decade to support the implementation of sustainable strategies in companies and organisations. However, these superior results have not been widely spread and demonstrated; therefore the aim for the DANTES project is to make the results easily accessible and also to illustrate how to work with the different tools in a cost-effective way. DANTES is an acronym for Demonstrate and Assess New Tools for Environmental Sustainability and is a project conducted by Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry, ABB, Stora Enso and Chalmers University of Technology. The project is co-funded by the European Unions LIFE programme. It was started in September 2002 and will be completed by the end of August 2005. The focus of the project is to assess and demonstrate methods and tools for environmental sustainability such as Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) and Life Cycle Cost (LCC). NEED FOR ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION The environmental work performed in companies and organisations today does often rather push information on the stakeholders than respond to pulls from decision-makers. The information that is communicated is in many cases information which can be gathered with little effort from existing information sources using well-known tools, rather than information that really is required for specific decisions. There are evidently many exceptions from this since environmental information also is requested for by authorities in regulations etc, but for the pro-active environmental work there is often not a clear stakeholder asking for the information. Within the DANTES project a survey has been performed to find different situations when environmental information is needed. Based on the relevant questions identified in the survey, the focus of the DANTES project has been to describe how to find the needed information using existing tools and methods. To focus on the information need instead of the tool is important. METHODS AND TOOLS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT The surveys performed in the project has showed that there is a need for quality assured environmental information to enable sustainability related decision making. Methods and tools can be used to find requested information needed for decisions in companies and other organizations, and the resulting information should then be communicated to the decision-makers in an understandable way. The assessment tools LCA, ERA and LCC together with the communication tools Environmental product declaration (EPD) and Sustainability Performance Indicator (SPI) and management tools Life Cycle Management (LCM) and Product Stewardship (PS) is used and demonstrated in DANTES. In the project we have focused on the use, language and understanding of existing tools and new tools have not been developed. Integrated usage of methods and tools for estimating environmental load from products has also been analysed and structured, based on practical experiences at the companies and knowledge about environmental informatics. STRATEGIES FOR ECO-EFFICIENCY EVALUATION One important result from the project will be a set of strategies for eco-efficiency evaluation based on existing tools and methods. By strategy we mean a guideline on how the methods and tools described within DANTES, can be used to find requested information needed for environmentally related decisions, and how the resulting information is communicated to the decisionmakers. A strategy describes how to handle environmental issues in a company and to reach the overall environmental goals within the company. The strategies are meant to be understood and utilized by persons with environmental tasks as part of their assignments, or by persons responsible for implementing an environmental system in a company. The strategies are divided into five groups based on which function within a company that benefit from the implementation of the strategy. The functions that hence are the target groups of the DANTES strategies are Marketing, Research and Development, Supply chain, Production, and Environmental support. For example a strategy about how to communicate a product's environmental impact describes how an EPD can be used in market communication. The target group for this strategy could be environmental support at a company and marketing department if they need to know how to use environmental information in market communication. Based on the target group and their identified question, a work procedure is presented demonstrating an example of a step by step work procedure together with experiences and recommendations. The major part of the strategies require many tools and methods to be used to find the requested comprehensible information. To be able to perform this integrated usage of several tools and methods, each of them need to be analysed separatly where the scope and purpose is examined. As a tool is used to facilitate the work, the leverage effect of the tool is an important aspect to consider in the assessment of the tool. With leverage effect we mean that the input effort required to get a desired result have to be less than the output from the tool. To be able to reach an environmental target, systematic work using the right tools and methods is necessarily. DANTES strategies describe and illustrate how this work can be performed efficiently. Fig 1. A strategy in DANTES context is a description of the journey from a question to the answer, where the required information is understood. CONCLUSIONS Through the DANTES project the participating companies have documented their environmental work for both internal as well as external use. When analyzing and structuring the usage of the methods and tools Industrial Environmental Informatics (IMI), a department at Chalmers University of Technology, have learnt how different companies work with environmental sustainable tools and IMI has also focus on the information instead of the tool which is crucial. LCA, LCC and ERA software tools as well as database tools, potential tool integration, case study results from the DANTES partners, strategies for eco-efficiency evaluation based on existing tools and other findings will be disseminated through the projects official website[1], which is continuously updated. In the long term, the DANTES project aims to contribute to sustainable development, where environmental as well as economic and social aspects are considered. REFERENCES [1] DANTES project website: www.dantes.info, June 2004 Info Tools & Methods Basic information Info requirements Comprehensible information Break down the information requirements into tools & methods ? Interpret the acquired information Information for decision-making Identify information required for decision


Objective Study the relationship between the thickness and the color of porcelain restoration with the new type zirconia base.Methods Dentin porcelain were prepared with the thickness of 0.6mm,0.8mm,1.0mm,1.2mm,1.4mm respectively on the zirconia base with 0.2mm opaque porcelain.The compare group is disks made of dentin porcelain.The color of the disks was measured with a SF-300 spectrum colorimeter on standard white background and evaluated with the CIE 1976 L*a*b* system.Results While the thickness of porcelain specimens increased,the a and b values increased,the L value decreased.While the thickness of porcelain specimens increased the chromatism between the test group and the control group decreased at first and then increased.Conclusion When the thickness of dentin porcelain is 1.0mm and the opaque porcelain is 0.2mm,the dental all-ceramic with the new type zirconia base will represent the color properly.


Mechanical vibrations compromise the integrity of key components of thermal power plants. Without careful design, strong resonances during steady state operation can wear these components to the point of failure, leading to an unsafe situation that may force a plant to shut down. The purpose of this research is to further the understanding of the vibrations induced in a helical structure, or coil, subject to steady coolant flow. A helical coil steam generator, such as that found in most integral pressurized water reactors, appears to eliminate many flow-induced vibration concerns when compared to traditional steam generators; however this has yet to be clearly demonstrated experimentally. The objective of this work is to develop a method of characterizing the motion of a helical coil in an annulus subject to external crossflow of water. This is accomplished by observing the motion of a helical coil mounted to an inner opaque cylinder through an outer glass tube using a high speed video camera. A mirrored image-pair is used to observe this structure from two perspectives simultaneously, allowing for three-dimensional characterization of the coil motion. The experimental facility is described in detail. The method of identifying specific points on the coil from images and mapping them to the coil location using the law of refraction is described. A MATLAB code conducts temporal measurement of the coil motion. An uncertainty analysis of the coil position measurement is conducted based on geometry and refractive index which can be readily applied to measurements obtained using this method.


sheathed control cable comprising an inner cable (1), a cable-guide duct (2) made of a low friction material surrounding to said cable set, a frame (3) surrounding the cable-guide duct and a outer sheath (4) of mechanical protection, characterized in that the cable-guide duct (2) is a duct of microporous PTFE obtained by lubricated extrusion and have undergone, on the extrusion die outlet, simultaneously stretching and heating to a temperature above the PTFE sintering temperature.


Abstract Runaway transport is used to probe the magnetic fluctuation level for TEXTOR disruption plasmas. A zero-dimensional model of the current quench including the generation of runaway electrons has been applied to simulate the experimental current evolution during major disruptions [Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion50 (2008), 105007]. According to the loss rate of runaway electrons used in the fitting parameter of the zero-dimensional model, the magnetic fluctuation level in TEXTOR is derived. It is found that the magnetic fluctuation level is in the order of 10−5, and it increases with the atom number mixed into the plasma.


One of the characteristics of people who suffer from anxiety over interpersonal relationships is that who have a low self-esteem. As its cause, past negative experiences, namely "rejected experiences" are presumed. I examined 33 case studies of clinical psychology. As the result, clients were not telling such experience directly. However, it was found, in interpersonal situations, they were strongly aware of "Oneself expressing", "Oneself hiding from others" and "Oneself being seen from others". The coexistence of these three "Oneself" generates dilemma which relates to the cause of interpersonal anxiety. (受付日:2015 年 7 月 6 日,受理日:2015 年 7 月 28 日) 堀江 智美(ほりえ さとみ) 現職:大妻女子大学大学院人間文化研究科臨床心理学専攻修士課程二年. 現在は「青年期の対人場面での自分についての苦悩―対人不安の程度による違いの検討―」というテー マで研究を行っている.


The GEMINI project, as part of the European Commission's DRIVE II program, is developing an integrated driver information system linking the Radio Data System Travel Message Channel (RDS-TMC) broadcast service with roadside variable message signs (VMS). Progress on this project and its planned trials in two European countries are described. Trials of GEMINI will take place in the UK, and in northern Italy. Varying levels of integration will be tested from linked central databases, to VMS decoding the RDS-TMC messages in the same way as in-vehicle RDS-TMC receivers. The end result of GEMINI is expected to be an integrated service of complementary driver information disseminated to both individual and collective audiences.


The main goal of this article is to present a statistical study of decision tree learning algorithms based on the measures of different parametric entropies. Partial empirical evidence is presented to support the conjecture that the parameter adjusting of different entropy measures might bias the classification. Here, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, precisely, the area under the ROC curve (AURC) gives the best criterion to evaluate decision trees based on parametric entropies. The authors emphasize that the improvement of the AURC relies on of the type of each dataset. The results support the hypothesis that parametric algorithms are useful for datasets with numeric and nominal, but not for mixed, attributes; thus, four hybrid approaches are proposed. The hybrid algorithm, which is based on Renyi entropy, is suitable for nominal, numeric, and mixed datasets. Moreover, it requires less time when the number of nodes is reduced, when the AURC is maintaining or increasing, thus it is preferable in large datasets.


Remarkably different population dynamics within the US imply that fast growing states are characterized by rapidly changing needs that should be reflected in the allocation of the federal budget. At the same time, budgetary rules preventing major reallocations of the budget, may unfairly penalize fast growing states. To shed lights on this question, in this paper we empirically investigate the relationship between population and the allocation of the US federal budget to the states during the period 1978-2002. States may receive different amounts of spending because of different population sizes (scale effect) or pure population dynamics (change effect), independently of their size. Using an estimation methodology that allows us to separate the scale from the change effect, we find that population dynamics - rather than population scale - is responsible for a significant inverse relationship between total per-capita spending and population. The importance of population dynamics is confirmed when we analyze more specific spending items, such as direct payments, grants and salaries, whereas for defense and procurement spending we find evidence of scale effects. Altogether our results indicate that fast growing states are penalized in the allocation of the federal budget. The loss of spending for these states is sizeable and could compensated by redistributing federal funds from winning states with lower population dynamics.


This research has been carried out to focus on the Errors Analysis of Arabic Writing for the participants of Musabaqah Makalah Al-Qur'an (MMQ) in the Southeast Sulawesi Province Level, in 2016. The data analyzed is 54 documents of Arabic Writing from the Participants of MMQ. The results indicate that all documents are indexed nothing is free from phonological, morphological, syntactic, and writing errors, consisting of a form of error of ziyadah (addition), naqis (subtraction), badal (replacement), hadzf (disappearance) and derivative error, although it is distributed differently based on every level of Arabic linguistics. The participants of MMQ competence contributed to the error. At the phonological level, the frequency of badal occurrence is very high, and at the morphological level the frequency of occurrence of derivative error is very high as well, while at the syntactic level, the frequency of occurrence of derivative error is high, as for at the all writings are categorized as derivative error type. The errors has caused the linguistic consequences to damage the structure of the alphabet, structure of the word, and structure of the sentence which leads to the destruction of the structure of the meaning. The errors are consequential on local error although it does not lead to misinterpretation and global error which will make the readers misinterpreted. In the process of Arabic writing, the verses from Holy Qur'an dan Hadith must be believed as a process of theophonological, theomorphological, theosyntactic and theosemantic of Arabic. This is intended as an effort by participants of MMQ to maintain the purity of Holy Qur'an.


The rapid nuetron-capture process (r process) produces roughly half of the elements heavier than iron. The path and abundances produced are uncertain, however, because of the lack of nuclear strucure information on important neutron-rich nuclei. We are studying nuclei on or near the r-process path via single-nucleon transfer reactions on neutron-rich radioactive beams at ORNL's Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF). Owing to the difficulties in studying these reactions in inverse kinematics, a variety of experimental approaches are being developed. We present the experimental methods and initial results.


Digital communication is being extensively used, and during COVID-19 pandemic, it has transformed the way teaching is delivered and how learning happens which became even more problematic for children with learning difficulties. The digitalization of education during the lockdown period has forced teachers, children, and parents to develop and enhance their digital skills to maintain and keep ensuring efficient learning. Digital communication can be provided in the educational system by the simple use of email or WhatsApp groups up to the integration of complex digitalized learning programs and software adapted to the specific educational needs of each student. Being digital natives, students nowadays seem more engaged if learning is mediated by the use of digital communication tools. They are opened and interested in participating in educational activities that are technology-based.


Abstract Schiff bases from S-benzoyl dithiocarbamate and thiophene 2-aldehyde (A) and 4-N-N-dimethyl aminobenzaldehyde (B) have been synthesized. Their complexes of the type (Ml2Cl)2.4H20 with lanthanides have been characterized on the basis of IR, NMR and UV-visible spectroscopy, elemental analysis and magnetic moment measurements. The nephelauxetic effect (1-β), bonding parameter β b1/2, Sinha covalency parameter δ and the molar conductance measurement in nitrobenzene reflect covalent nature for the complexes. The stability constants and other thermodynamic data have been determined in aqueous solutions at 25, 30 and 35°C. The toxicity of the Schiff bases and their complexes were evaluated against insects and fungi. The LD50 for cockroaches and percent growth inhibition of fungi show greater efficacy for the complexes than for the Schiff bases.


Smart antenna has become one of the key technologies in the third generation mobile communications systems, due to its ability of separating different users by spatial information In this paper, we apply it to IS 95 and cdma2000 systems uplink, simulate the above two systems and analyze antenna array's performance


The mathematical representation of chemical bonds in molecules is discussed. The molecule is viewed as a system of weakly interacting chemical bonds. The intrabond problems and the averaged electrostatic interbond interactions are handled at the . zeroth order, while the small interbond delocalization and dispersion effects are taken into account on the basis of the perturbation theory. A special diagrammatic technique is applied for obtaining delocalization corrections for strictly localized orbitals. A general second quantized theory is discussed in which the chemical bonds are identified with two-electron local bond structures characterized by composite-particle creation operators showing Bose-type commutation rules. This approach accounts for intrabond correlation already at the zeroth order.


In this research article the researcher discussed the critical review and significant impact of ICT in higher education examination system. The researcher emphasized that some of the significant research issues on ICT which is having lot of possibilities in improving the whole examination system. Trend of seeking online applications for regular, examinations and conducting on-line examinations have made the system very simple and cost effective for the examining bodies. This paper presents the growing role of examinations in improving the quality of education by embracing the integrated automated exam system for providing the robust, transparent, accurate and authenticated outputs. This automated exam system through ICT will bring substantial quality improvement in education. A part from implementing ICT quality, problem in exam has also been discussed. ICT will make exam system more efficient and transparent account.


Objective To approach the clinical curative effect of curing hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage by intranial hematoma clear skill.Methods From April 2008~August 2010 our hospital admitted 76 patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage,according to surgical treatment were divided into treatment group(group minimally invasive surgery for intracranial hematoma)40 cases,the control group(conservative treatment group)36 cases,observed in operation time,hematoma rate and efficiency of daily living(ADL) of the comparison.Results Observed 12 patients were cured,21 cases were markedly effective,5 cases were effective,2 cases were invalid,compared with the control group,the difference is highly statistically significant(P0.05);observed total effective rate was 82.50%,compared with the control group,the difference statistically significant(P0.05).After 2 weeks of observation group in the Fugl-Meyer value and the Bartel Index,and compared with the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).ADL classification on the observation group,compared with the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion The clinical curative effect of low cost,convenient and effective rate,curing hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage by intracranial hematoma clear skill manifest,the disease can reduce mortality and improve the success rate of surgical treatment of patients.


The invention discloses a high-strength/toughness aluminum alloy brake drum which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 31-35% of Si, 5-6% of Cu, 1-3% of Mg, 0.5-1% of Ti, 0.9-1.2% of Mn, 5-8% of Ni, 0.1-0.2% of S, 0.5-2% of RE, 0.05-0.1% of C and the balance of aluminum. The preparation method of the high-strength/toughness aluminum alloy brake drum comprises the following steps: (1) proportioning; (2) smelting; (3) modification refinement treatment; (4) extrusion casting; (5) shock cooling treatment; (6) T6 heat treatment; and (7) machining to obtain the brake drum product. By using the high-strength/toughness aluminum alloy (the silicon content is 31-35%) as the brake drum material, the brake drum has the advantages of low density, high specific strength, small thermal expansion coefficient, favorable heat stability, favorable wear resistance, favorable corrosion resistance, favorable high-temperature properties, lighter weight and the like. By using the Al-Ti-C-RE and sulfur as the modification refiners, the primary silicon and eutectic silicon can be effectively modified, thereby improving the high toughness of the material.


This paper analyzes the relationship between the dynamics of oil price returns and stock market returns. Specifically, this research examines the interaction between the Brent or the West Texas Intermediate (WTI) returns and the representative stock market indices IBOVESPA, IPSA, and IPC returns, for Brazil, Chile and Mexico, respectively. To do that, an unrestricted Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model and a Structural Equation Model (SEM) are used. Under this framework, the impact of the Brazilian market on the dynamics of other assets and the influence of oil prices on stock markets indices is assessed.


Purpose: The purpose of this research is to examine how strategic brand positioning has affected the performance of select supermarkets stores in saturated market. This study aims to provide light on how brand positioning may contribute to market differentiation and create competitive advantage by analysing the positioning techniques used by these supermarkets and measuring consumer perceptions

Theoretical framework: The study demonstrates that customers are motivated to visit supermarkets based on factors such as price, quality, location, hygiene, and personal experience. However, the establishment of customer loyalty and long-term retention can only be achieved by implementing various differentiation variables of brand positioning, including segmentation, benefits offered, product class categorization, brand name, and customer relationship management.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The study was conducted in the city of Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India; primary data were collected by disseminating a questionnaire via Google Form and conducting face-to-face interviews. The sample consisted of 114 participants

Findings: The study found that customers are motivated to visit supermarkets based on factors such as price, quality, location, hygiene, and personal experience. However, the establishment of customer loyalty and long-term retention can only be achieved by implementing various differentiation variables of brand positioning, including segmentation, benefits offered, product class categorization, brand name, and customer relationship management also it was found that ability of supermarkets to stand out significantly in a crowded market will continue to depend on their ability to establish and maintain strong relationships with their customers through effective brand positioning.

Research, Practical & Social implications: It is recommended that future studies emphasise the contributions by doing study on the same select supermarkets in other cities.

Originality/Value: The distinctive feature of this study lies in the absence of prior research conducted on the brand positioning of certain supermarkets in different cities.


The image change detecting machine comprises: a video camera for taking a photograph and outputting the Video Signal for it; a Synchronous Signal Separating part for Sepa rating and outputting the Video Signal from the Video camera into a vertical Synchronous signal and a horizontal Synchro nous signal; a monitor for displaying the Video Signal from the Video camera; a character generator for outputting letter Signal the Synchronousness of which matches with that of the Video Signal received from the Video camera based on the Synchronous Signal applied from the Synchronous Signal Separating part; an analog Switches for overlapping the Video Signal from the Video camera and the letter Signal from the character generator and outputting it to the monitor, and detecting the change of the Video signal at where the frequency of the Video Signal from the Video camera and the frequency of the letter Signal from the character generator match each other and outputting the detecting Signal corre sponding to this, a comparator for comparing the detecting Signal from the analog Switches with the Standard Signal and outputting the control signal corresponding to this, a main controlling part for determining the letter Signal output from the character generator and controlling its location, and outputting the alarm Signal in accordance with the control Signal from the comparator, a buffer for Stabilizing the control Signal from the comparator and applying it to the main controlling part; and an alarm generating part for generating or cutting off alarm in accordance with the alarm Signal from the main controlling part.


As a medium in tourist market,travel agents play an important role in distribution and exert regulating effect in the temporal and spatial distribution of tourists flow.Taking 2010 Shanghai World Expo as an example,the research makes an investigation and analysis on 362 World Expo travel agents throughout China(including Hong Kong and Taiwan) from the perspective of business scopes,business types,sizes and market distance.Based on the SPSS and AMOS data analysis software,this paper analyzes the survey data,constructs the measurement model of market perception dimension for travel agents in 2010 Shanghai World Expo,analyzes the perception diversities of different travel agents,and constructs SEM model for market perception dimension of travel agents in mega-event and its distribution behavior,and it further tests and verifies the relationship among them.The research shows that: ①The market perception model of travel agents in mega-event consists of four measurement dimensions: the event attribute dimension,the product attribute dimension,the market attribute dimension and the market impact dimension.The travel agents' average perception value ranges from the highest to the lowest accordingly from market attribute dimension,to the event attribute dimension,to the market impact dimension and to the product attribute dimension respectively.②Travel agents of both international and domestic services have significant differences on the four perception dimensions.In the event attribute dimension,international travel agents' perception value is higher than domestic travel agents'.However,in the product attribute dimension,the market attribute dimension and the market impact dimension,domestic travel agents' perception value is higher than international travel agents'.The franchised and non-franchised travel agents have significant differences in the perception of market attribute dimension,but have no significant difference in other dimensions;among the four dimensions in market perception,the franchised travel agents' perception value is higher than the non-franchised travel agents'.Travel agents in different geographical areas have significant differences in all dimensions except the product attribute dimension.In the event attribute dimension,the travel agents in Shanghai have the highest perception value,which are followed by travel agents in East China market and Jiangsu-Zhejiang market while those in the markets faraway from Shanghai has the lowest perception value.In the market attribute dimension,from Shanghai to East China,travel agents'perception value becomes higher and higher according to the increasing distance while the travel agents' perception value becomes lower in the areas faraway from East China.In both the product attribute dimension and the market impact dimension,the travel agents' perception value in Jiangsu-Zhejiang and the nearby Shanghai is the highest,so the perception value shows an weakening pattern with the increasing distance.③Among the four dimensions,the market attribute dimension and the market impact dimension have significant impacts on the travel agents' distribution behavior,while the influences of the event attribute dimension and the product attribute dimension are insignificant,and the market impact dimension is the primary factor that directs the distribution behavior of travel agents.The research on the market perception dimension measurement model of mega-event and impact of the distribution behavior from the perspective of travel agent will enrich the study of mega-event tourism in theory,and will be of great significance for the sustainable development and the follow-up exploration of mega-event tourism in China in practice.


Background. Ceftaroline fosamil (CPT) is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin prodrug with potent activity against pathogens causing community-acquired (CA) RTI, including ceftriaxone (CRO)-resistant (R) Streptococcus pneumoniae (SPN) and methicillin-R Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). We evaluated the potency and spectrum CPT and several comparators tested against CA-RTI pathogens. Methods. 4,533 unique patient isolates were collected from 149 USA medical centers during 2013. The collection includes 3,099 S. pneumoniae (SPN; 6.5% CRO-nonS), 931 Haemphilus influenzae (HI; 23.8% β-lactamase-positive [BL + ]), 99 H. parainfluenzae (HPAR) and 404 Moraxella catarrhalis(MCAT). Susceptibility (S) was tested by CLSI broth microdilution methods against CPT and other antimicrobials used to treat CA-RTI. Results. CPT (MIC50/90, ≤0.015/0.12 μg/mL was eight-fold more potent than CRO (MIC50/90, ≤0.06/1 μg/mL) against SPN, and highly active against CRO-non-S SPN strains (n = 201; MIC90, 0.25 μg/mL). S rates for SPN were 92.8% for penicillin (MIC, ≤2 μg/mL), 88.5% for amoxicillin/clavulanate, 56.0% for erythromycin, 77.0% for tetracycline and 98.8% for levofloxacin (LEV). CPT was very active against HI (MIC50/90, 0.008/0.015 μg/mL), including BL+ strains (CPT MIC50/90, 0.015/0.03 μg/ mL). S rates for clarithromycin, azithromycin and LEV among HI were 90.3, 99.1 and 99.8%, respectively. CPT was also active against HPAR (MIC50/90, 0.008/0.03 μg/mL) and MCAT (MIC50/90, 0.06/0.12 μg/mL; table).


Children with intussusception may present with vomiting, abdominal pain, abdominal mass, and bloody stools, but so do children with many other


The illnesses and suicides of James Forrestal and John Winant are examined for their possible relevance to problems of stress and breakdown in political decision-making areas. The depressions of Forrestal and Winant are related to their personal lives and political careers. The author argues that some of their personal problems found expression in their careers but that the serious consequences of these problems for policy decisions were checked by a variety of restrictions on office holding in American government. Much more research is needed, however, to determine what might be done to prevent mental illness and breakdown in high office.


Three times of the general investigation and surveying on the geothem in Wudalianchi volcanic area were reviewed and Summarized,the geothermal exploitation prospects of Wudalianchi wlcanic area Was showed at the same time.


Biological weapons are difficult and expensive to detect. Within a limited budget, we can afford a limited number of bio-weapon detector stations. It is therefore important to find the optimal locations for such stations. A natural idea is to place more detectors in the areas with more population — and fewer in desert areas, with fewer people. However, such a commonsense analysis does not tell us how many detectors to place where. To decide on the exact placement of bio-weapon detectors, we formulate the placement problem in precise terms, and come up with an (almost) explicit solution to the resulting optimization problem.


STUDY of cancer ccll containiliation of 011A erative wounds as a cause of failure of therapy has becri under way at the National Cancer Institute, Rethesda, Md., for the past 7 years. A ~~reliniinary report on this wor.k puhlished in 19581? demons~rated cancer cells in wound washings from 2ci.y0 of patients nndergoing definitive cancer surgery. Review of this same ca5e material forms the basis of this report. 'Ihc objectives are to show whether any relationship exists between cancer cells found in operative wounds to survival, local recurrcnce, and distant metastases (spi-ead below claviclo) as determined by life table analTjs;s.1> 3


A extremely less rain event occurs over Yunnan during autumn in 2009.It leads to seriously insufficient of reservoir impoundments in autumn of 2009 and it is one of the main reasons of continuous drought in Yunnan from autumn to early summer of next year.Therefore,by using the method of correlation and significant test of average value,we analysis the abnormal climate features caused extremely less rain in autumn.Firstly,The results show that the extremely less rain is associated with the significant weaker Asia Polar Vortex and the abnormal Subtropical High.In autumn of 2009,the Subtropical High is so stronger and more westward that the North cold air is obstructed and is more northward and eastward.Secondly.the results show that the abnormal anticyclone in high and low level of Bengal gulf causes the airflow near Somalia to be more northward and westward and holds up the water vapor of Yunnan transported by southwest monsoon.The airflow near Somalia gets over equator from southern hemisphere to northern hemisphere.It is thus clear that the dry atmosphere and the weaker vertical motion in troposphere is the most anormal atmosphere features in autumn of 2009.The correlation analysis also found that there is significant correlativity between precipitation of Yunnan in fall and height field of polar region and high-latitude and low-latitude region.The positive correlativity between precipitation of Yunnan in fall and OLR of Equatorial Pacific Ocean is significant and pass the test of 0.05.In autumn of 2009,the significant correlation regions of high and OLR of Equatorial Pacific Ocean show that the precipitation of Yunnan is extremely less.


Significance This work offers a unique portrayal of yeast mitochondria through the characterization of its absolute proteome. The study of biophysical changes in the mitochondrial network associated with proteome profiling, throughout yeast growth and the transition from fermentative to respiratory metabolism, lays out the crucial role this organelle has in balancing the overall metabolic status of the cell. Using proteomic mass spectrometry, state of the art fluorescence microscopy, and lipidomics analysis, these data provide a highly quantitative description of key mitochondrial processes across three states of metabolism. In particular, the work highlights the significant contribution of functional and structural remodeling occurring during the diauxic shift of this subcellular organelle. Saccharomyces cerevisiae constitutes a popular eukaryal model for research on mitochondrial physiology. Being Crabtree-positive, this yeast has evolved the ability to ferment glucose to ethanol and respire ethanol once glucose is consumed. Its transition phase from fermentative to respiratory metabolism, known as the diauxic shift, is reflected by dramatic rearrangements of mitochondrial function and structure. To date, the metabolic adaptations that occur during the diauxic shift have not been fully characterized at the organelle level. In this study, the absolute proteome of mitochondria was quantified alongside precise parametrization of biophysical properties associated with the mitochondrial network using state-of-the-art optical-imaging techniques. This allowed the determination of absolute protein abundances at a subcellular level. By tracking the transformation of mitochondrial mass and volume, alongside changes in the absolute mitochondrial proteome allocation, we could quantify how mitochondria balance their dual role as a biosynthetic hub as well as a center for cellular respiration. Furthermore, our findings suggest that in the transition from a fermentative to a respiratory metabolism, the diauxic shift represents the stage where major structural and functional reorganizations in mitochondrial metabolism occur. This metabolic transition, initiated at the mitochondria level, is then extended to the rest of the yeast cell.


The main objective of this paper is to determine whether there is significant improvement in the performance of engineering students when teaching material is provided on e-learning portal which matches the learning styles of individual student. The quantitative method of study was used, specifically the pretest-posttest method on control and experimental group. The population selected is second year engineering student class for programming language subject according to non-probability sampling method. The two groups of samples are selected randomly from one class unit. The paired t-test was applied to analyze the data. The result indicated a statistically significant
increase in pretest and posttest results of experimental group. Experimental result indicated that matching learning styles with the provided teaching material improves the performance of students significantly.


ABSTRACT The central city is once again hot. Many city areas where poor minorities were left behind during the decades-long suburban growth are experiencing a revival. New high-rise condominiums and other developments are drawing tens of thousands back to city spaces that were once considered undesirable. These 'return to the city' trends are supported in part by growth machine engines, such as Transit Oriented Development (TOD) and TIF (Tax Increment Financing) districts, often to the detriment of lower-income minority residents, who still find themselves trapped within the boundaries of spatial inequalities in the city. Drawing on six years of ethnographic fieldwork in Chicago, I show how public transportation is used to buttress the city's growth machine, while simultaneously maintaining the boundaries of spatial and other types of inequalities. In doing so, I highlight how public transit is used to create and support growth along race (and class) lines. Specifically, I show how mobility and growth for Whites and predominantly White spaces in the city are proactively shaped through favorable new public transit development and revitalization initiatives such as TOD and TIF. At the same time, in predominantly Black and Latinx spaces, where intracommunity public transportation usage is high, new transit related development is below sparse or completely lacking, further fortifying transit and other spatial boundaries.


Despite many studies of the effects of instructor and student characteristics and pedagogical methods on learning the principles of economics (Siegfried and Fels [1979] and Siegfried and Walstad [1990]), little has been reported about how introductory economics actually is taught in America (Sweeney et al. [1983]). To help rectify this situation we use information collected during the norming of the third edition of the Test of Understanding College Economics (TUCK III) to describe the students, instructors, pedagogical methods and evaluation instruments used in 189 different introductory economics classes taught at fifty-three different colleges and universities in 1989-90 (Saunders [1994a; 1994b]). Ninety-three classes are macroeconomics and ninety-six classes are microeconomics. Collectively, they enrolled over 9,600 students. We have instructor data for ninety macro classes taught by sixty-nine instructors and ninety micro classes taught by seventy instructors. Each class constitutes one semester of a two-semester sequence.(1) We find that about 40 percent of introductory economics students are college freshmen and 40 percent are sophomores. About half have had some college level calculus prior to taking introductory economics. Nine out of every ten students are white. Although the majority of college students are women, only 44 percent of those enrolled in introductory economics are female. Over half the students work; over 80 percent of those who work devote more than ten hours per week to their job. The typical instructor is a tenured or tenure-track male holding a Ph.D., has six to ten years of teaching experience, and has more than six years experience teaching introductory economics. Contrary to the impression of many students, fewer than 10 percent of the instructors' first language is something other than English. They are primarily a teaching faculty. Fewer than a third have published an article in the last five years. They report spending, on average, almost two-thirds of their working time teaching. Three-quarters of class time is devoted to lecturing. Lectures and a textbook are the primary teaching instruments; homework, problem sets, and study guides are used in slightly more than half the classes. Computer exercises, television, and term papers collectively contribute less than 10 percent to student learning of the principles of economics, despite the recent emphasis on "writing across the curriculum" programs and the proliferation of computer-aided instruction software. About 90 percent of assessment relies on midterm examinations, quizzes and a final examination. The vast majority of questions on these tests are multiple-choice. I. THE DATA The TUCK III sample was not selected randomly. Participating instructors agreed to help norm TUCK III, which required them to give a pre- and post-test of thirty or thirty-three multiple-choice questions to their classes, administer a questionnaire to enrolled students, obtain student records from their registrar, and complete an instructor questionnaire. The distribution of classes by type of institution is reported in Table I. [TABULAR DATA I OMITTED] Introductory economics classes taught at (usually regional public) comprehensive universities and (usually private) liberal arts colleges are overrepresented, and courses taught at two-year colleges are underrepresented relative to the nationwide distribution of enrollment. Classes offered at small colleges (with fewer than 1,000 students) or mega-universities (with more than 20,000 full-time equivalent students) also are underrepresented. The proportion of sample classes taught at public universities is almost identical to the proportion of the undergraduate population enrolled at public institutions in the United States in the 1980s. II. CLASS SIZE The average class size was forty-four students for introductory macro and forty-three students for introductory micro. …


List of illustrations Preface Acknowledgments Abbreviations Chronology Some descriptions of Satie 1. Satie's career as a composer: some interpretations 2. Why and where Satie composed 3. Parody, pastiche, quotation and the question of influence 4. Satie and Debussy 5. Satie's compositional aesthetic 6. Satie, counterpoint and the Schola Cantorum 7. Orchestration versus instrumentation 8. Questions of form, logic and the mirror image 9. Compositional systems and other sources of inspiration 10. Composition and the other arts 11. Satie on other composers 12. Satie and the wider world Appendix: chronological catalogue of Satie's compositions Notes Select bibliography Index of Satie's works General index.


The invention discloses a method for preparing an acetal from acrolein. The method comprises that acrolein and trimethyl orthoformate or triethyl orthoformate undergo a reaction under the acidic conditions to produce corresponding acrolein dimethyl acetal or acrolein diethyl acetal, and prepared acrolein dimethyl acetal or acrolein diethyl acetal is neutralized by alkalis and then is rectified toform a refined acetal. The method of the invention does not need a solvent. The method has the advantages of high reaction selectivity, good product quality, simple and convenient operation and the like.


We examine the financial performance that boards of large U.S. firms realize by their decision to hire a new CEO from within the firm versus externally. Using a structural self-selection modeling approach, we find, for boards that promote internally, greater total cash flows than would have been obtained from the passed over external candidate (a marginal gain). On the other hand, for boards that hire externally, we find less total cash flow than would have been obtained from the passed over internal candidate (a marginal loss). This marginal loss is primarily explained by our addressing two concerns involving method and measure. First, we include all CEOs regardless of tenure to avoid (survival) bias. Second, we account for cash expenses not included in operating income, such as the expense of ongoing operations that will be discontinued and the cost of restructuring; these expenses are primarily associated with externally hired CEOs. Our analysis suggests boards do not account for the marginal loss we document in their decision to externally hire a CEO. Further, associated with search firms' rising revenues and greater pay for placing an outside CEO, we find an increasing frequency of external hiring and increased marginal losses, especially among S&P 500-size firms where search firms are primarily employed.


This month's column from AWWA's chief executive officer is a discussion of the guidance document called "Effective Utility Management" (released in June 2008). The 2008 EUM framework and guidance document is evergreen ‐ meaning the principles and practices can withstand the test of time. However, because one of EUM's five management keys is "continual improvement," the collaborating organizations decided it was best to practice what they preached, and in 2016 a slightly larger group of collaborating organizations met and examined demographic, environmental, social, technological, and other trends and changes that had occurred over the past decade. The group's conclusion was that EUM needed a minor but meaningful tune‐up.


......................................................................................................................................... 8 Chapter One: Introducing Mandy, the research question, and the structure of the thesis . 10 Mandy's story ............................................................................................................................ 10 The historical context of my study ............................................................................................ 12 My research question ................................................................................................................ 12 The organisation of my thesis ................................................................................................... 16 Chapter Two: A review of the discursive contexts of teenage parenthood and some educational responses ................................................................................................................. 22 Part One:...................................................................................................................................... 25 What the research literature says about teenage parents ....................................................... 25 I: Characteristics and outcomes of teenage parenthood ............................................................ 25 II: The construction of the 'problem' of teenage parenthood ................................................... 28 III: Implications of negative constructions of teenage parenthood ........................................... 34 Part Two: ..................................................................................................................................... 38 Education initiatives to support teenage parents ..................................................................... 38 I: Initiatives in Britain ............................................................................................................... 38 II: Initiatives in the United States .............................................................................................. 39 III: Studies of successful North American education programmes for teenage parents ........... 41 Part Three: .................................................................................................................................. 46 The New Zealand context ........................................................................................................... 46 I: Teen Parent Units ................................................................................................................... 46 II: New Zealand research on Teen Parent Units and their students .......................................... 48 III: The School for Teenage Parents in my study ...................................................................... 55 Chapter Three: Theoretical framing of the study: A "universe of discourse" .................... 63 I: My theoretical 'whakapapa' or genealogy ............................................................................. 63 II: Epistemologies underpinning the work of the Teen Parent School ..................................... 65 III: Theoretical framing of this study ........................................................................................ 68 Social Constructionism ............................................................................................................. 71 Biographical and human development theories of identity ....................................................... 76 Culturally-responsive pedagogical theories .............................................................................. 80 Māori culturally responsive pedagogical theories ..................................................................... 81 Chapter Four: Narrative methodology, research design and the analysis of data ............... 86 I: What did I want to investigate? ............................................................................................. 86 II: Qualitative approaches ......................................................................................................... 87 III: The research design ............................................................................................................. 94 IV: Ethical considerations ....................................................................................................... 104 V: Analysis of data .................................................................................................................. 109 VI: Issues of trustworthiness, rigour and validity ................................................................... 118 Foreword to Chapters Five to Seven: "Tell me your story" ................................................. 119 Chapter Five: The narrative framing of childand teenage-hood ....................................... 120 Part One: Formative stories of childhood, schooling, and being a teenager ....................... 122 I: Childhood and family life .................................................................................................... 122 Six little girls at home ............................................................................................................. 122 Andy's story ............................................................................................................................ 124 II: Schooling ............................................................................................................................ 131 Six little girls at school ............................................................................................................ 131 Kate's story ............................................................................................................................. 134 III: Drugs and alcohol ............................................................................................................. 138 Six girls 'at play' ..................................................................................................................... 138 Tatiana's story ......................................................................................................................... 140 Part Two: Pregnancy and parenthood as a turning point in the fashioning of identities .. 149 I: Familial, personal and social responses to the young women's pregnancies ...................... 150 II: Pregnancy within the context of hopes and aspirations ...................................................... 155 III: Pregnancy and parenthood as a turning-point in the fashioning of identities ................... 157 Chapter Six: The role of the School for Teenage Parents in the refashioning of students' identities ..................................................................................................................................... 163 Part One: School 'reports' ....................................................................................................... 167 Reasons for enrolling at Pumanawa Young Parents College .................................................. 167 Andy's story of Pumanawa College ........................................................................................ 169 Kate's story of Pumanawa College ......................................................................................... 174 Tatiana's story of Pumanawa College ..................................................................................... 180 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 186 Part Two: Kaupapa whānau: The College and Early Childhood Centre as family ........... 189 I: Ako: Culturally responsive teaching and learning relationships ......................................... 191 Whānaungatanga ..................................................................................................................... 191 Commitment to academic success ........................................................................................... 194 Understanding of individual learning needs ............................................................................ 197 Being treated like an adult ....................................................................................................... 199 II: The whānau support of the Early Childhood Centre .......................................................... 201 The benefits of having the children on-site ............................................................................. 202 Whanāungatanga ..................................................................................................................... 203 Programme structures that supported parenting ...................................................................... 205 III: Relationships with the other young women at the College ............................................... 206 IV: Holistic support for the young women as parents, learners and young people ................. 209 The role of Support Workers ................................................................................................... 209 The provision of transport ....................................................................................................... 211 The provision of food .............................................................................................................. 212 V: Academic achievements at the College .............................................................................. 213 VI: Pumanawa College as a site of transformation of identities ............................................. 218 Chapter Seven: Negotiating the 'real world': Young women's storied identities within the contexts of their 'present' lives .................................


Sedimentological and palaeoecological observations, accompanied by archaeological determinations and absolute dating, have been carried out on a recent beach-barrier system succession located 20 km south of Siracusa, south-eastern Ionian coast of Sicily (Italy). Th ese deposits fi ll the back edge of a ria incised within Miocene limestones and are composed of three main stratal units characterized by distinct sedimentological features. Th e two lower units, formed by crossbedded sands and laminated clays, recorded the development of a small confi ned beachbarrier depositional system, infl uenced by frequent high-energy events. Th e upper unit, represented by chaotic coarser sediments, can be attributed to a destructive marine high-energy event. Th e physical properties of the composing stratal units and the morphological setting of the study area allowed us to reconstruct a suite of stormand tsunami-related marine depositional processes that might have occurred in recent times along this area of elevated seismicity. In particular, absolute dating and archaeological determinations allow correlating the upper unit to a tsunami wave triggered by the 1693 AD catastrophic earthquake. Th e same depositional mechanism can also account for some of the coarse levels occurring into the underlying stratal units.


The New Production Process for N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) consists of two stages: the synthesis of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone (HEP) from γ-butyrolactone (GBL) and monoethanolamine (MEA), and the vapor-phase dehydration of HEP to NVP. The key features of this technology are the dehydration catalyst and the vapor-phase reaction system. The catalyst is of very simple composition, being alkali (or alkaline earth) metal oxides–SiO2. Though its acid and base strengths are very weak, its catalytic performance is high. An IR spectroscopic study of the HEP-adsorbed catalyst indicated that the isolated silanol of the catalyst surface plays an important role.


Wulandari, Yulia. Empathy and Pattern Mothers Democratic as Predictor Prososial's Behavior Stripling PPA Solo. Psychology Science Master Program of Satya Wacana Christian University. Key Word: Empathy, Pattern Mothers Democratic, and Prososial's Behavior This research was conducted to find out the possibility of empathy and pattern mothers democratic as predictor prososial's behavior stripling PPA Solo.Sampel in observational it is adolescent PPA Solo that total 115 person. Three types of questionares were distributed: empathy, pattern mothers democratic and prososial's behavior. All gathered data's were processed and analyzed using a parallel linear regretion with SPSS Windows 17,0 version. Via analysis regretion was gotten to usufruct that empathy and pattern mothers democratic get as been made predictor to prosocial behavior PPA'S stripling Solo. (R 2 = 0,728); F hitung = 149,801; significant level of 0,000; p<0,05).


In the early 1990s, private health insurance plans covered prescription contraceptives much less frequently than they did other prescription drugs and devices. 1 Since then, pol-icymakers and advocates have attempted to eliminate this disparity in a variety of ways, including the enactment of state mandates to require contraceptive coverage. In this article, we gauge progress toward achieving this goal and examine the relationship between state mandates and this progress. BACKGROUND Americans can obtain health coverage in three primary ways: through their employers, the private market and government programs. Approximately 77% of insured Americans younger than 65 receive benefits through their or a rela-tive's employer, 6% through individual coverage and 17% through government programs, such as Medicaid. 2 Traditionally, Americans obtained insurance by enrolling in indemnity plans, in which a patient receives care from any provider and is partially reimbursed for services covered by the plan. U.S. health coverage has shifted almost entirely to managed care health plans, 3 which attempt to control costs through such means as requiring authoriza


Based on the engineering feature of a foundation pit,triaxial soil-cement deep mixing piles were adopted to seal groundwater.And reinforced concrete cast-in-situ piles with two-level brace were constructed to retain the earth,and it's been proved successful.The engineering experience could be provided in the fu-ture design and construction of the bracing of similar foundation pits.


Abstract The ability of an abiotic receptor, 7-acetylamino-2-methyl–1,8-naphthyridine, to bind to guanosine was analysed by a combination of NMR determinations and molecular modeling studies. The results indicate that this receptor simulates the base-pairing properties of cytidine in its Watson-Crick interaction with guanosine. Binding of the same receptor to N-(guanosin-8-yl)-2-acetylaminofluorene, the guanosine adduct containing the carcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene, was found to occur in a similar manner. The calculated binding energies show that the molecular recognition of the adduct is lower than that of the unmodified guanosine. The theoretical studies suggest that the predominance of an abnormal low energy syn conformation for the adduct is the main structural feature accounting for the observed decrease of the host-guest interaction.