Prioritizing traffic signals for trams crossing intersections without stops can increase the service punctuality and travel speed of trams, but it may also increase the delays of other vehicles at intersections. This paper presents a model on coordinated control of traffic signals among successive intersections along the tramline, taking into account driving characteristics of trams and vehicles. The objective is maximizing the valid bandwidth of vehicle green wave to reduce vehicle delays, while the trams cross intersections without stops. Linear Interactive and General Optimizer (LINGO) is applied to solve the proposed model and VISSIM simulation software is adopted to assess the solutions attained by the proposed model and the previous TRAMBAND model. Case studies show that the solutions given by the proposed model facilitate trams to go through all intersections along the tramline without stops. In comparison with the TRAMBAND model, the proposed model reduces tram delay by 13.14 s/pcu and increases the throughput of vehicles at intersections by 4.45% and reduces vehicle delays by 2.22%. Extensive simulations have verified that the performance of the proposed model is stable under different tram headways, dwell time, and traffic volumes. It is also found that the tram headway must be multiple of traffic signal cycle time to completely realize green wave control of all trams at all intersections along the tramline.


Background and Objective : The oil palm leaf miner Coelaenomenodera lameensis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is the most devastating insect pest of the African oil palm Elaeis guineensis Jacquin. Like most insect control programmes, control in Ghana has been through the use synthetic insecticides. The over-dependence on chemical control has brought in its wake adverse effects such as toxicity to the user and non-targeted organism. Entomopathogens have proven to be effective in the management of many insect species and these are environmentally-friendly. In this study we investigated reports by field workers of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Oil Palm Research Institute of Ghana who observed the presence of mycelia on the cuticle of cadavers of C. lameensis in their daily phytosanitary surveillance. Methodology and Results : Field surveys were conducted in three oil palm plantations viz: CSIR-Oil Palm Research Institute and a commercial oil palm farm, both at Kusi in the Eastern Region, and Twifo Oil Palm Plantation of Unilever Ghana Limited at Twifo Praso in the Central Region of Ghana to collect cadaver of C. lameensis infected with fungi. The cadavers were aseptically cultured in the laboratory on Potato Dextrose Agar and fungi isolated and identified. A total of 17 fungal species were isolated from cadavers of the leaf miner. These include Aspergillus sp, Metarhizium sp, Paecilomyces sp, Penicillium sp, Pestalotia sp, Rhizoctonia sp, and three unidentified species. Bioassays conducted to ascertain the pathogenicity of the fungi against C. lameensis adult showed an overall mortality ranging between 12.5% - 77.5% within 7 days. Growth of mycelia on treated dead insects ranged from 0% - 47.5%. The unidentified fungus coded BKFF was found to be the most lethal inducing about 77% mortality in the insect and thus more entomopathogenic, followed by Paecilomyces sp. (Ioprik31 and Pestalotia sp. (CKFF) (both 65%) whilst Rhizoctonia sp was found to be the least lethal. Conclusion and application of findings : This study presents important naturally occurring fungal species associated with the oil palm leaf miner C. lameensis in the field which famers can utilize as a control option upon further field studies. Key words : Coelaenomenodera lameensis , entomopathogenic fungi, isolate, pathogenicity, mycelia


The solvothermal reaction of copper(I) iodide and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) in ethanol yielded the title polymeric compound, [CuI(C12H8N2)]n. The asymmmetric unit comprises one Cu+ cation, one I− anion and one phen ligand. Each Cu+ cation is in a distorted tetrahedral coordination by two iodide anions and two N atoms from a bidentate chelating phen ligand. The Cu+ cations are bridged through the iodide anions, leading to a zigzag chain structure extending parallel to [100]. There are π–π interactions among adjacent phen ligands of one chain [centroid–centroid distance = 3.693 (3) Å].


Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a synthesized bolus in the reduction of damage to body tissues and the protection of the organ at risk (OAR) in radiotherapy application. Several properties of the synthesized bolus, including density, transmission factor, and effective mass attenuation coefficient, were investigated.
Material and Methods: The materials used comprising of propylene glycol (PG), silicone rubber (SR), and aluminum (Al). The dimension of the synthesized bolus was measured using an acrylic case with a size of 11×11 cm² and thickness sizes of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 cm. Furthermore, the boluses were irradiated by linear accelerator with the photon beam energies of 6 and 10 MV, using linier accelerator (LINAC) Varian 2300ix.
Results: In this research,the density of synthesized bolus was evaluated by mass per volume equation. The results showed that the density of bolus was similar to the density of tissue/water, fat, and air. .  Furthermore the bolus with the composition of PG 24%, SR 8%, and Al 1.5% of all energies, transmission factors of 0.978 and 0.984, thickness of 1.5 cm, and effective mass attenuation coefficients of 0.0144 and 0.0107 cm²/g had the closest properties to the body tissues in terms of dosimetry characterization.
Conclusion: The results revealed that the synthesized bolus could increase the percentage surface dose, reduce skin-sparing effect, and protect OAR. The findings indicated that the synthesized bolus had a potential application in clinical therapy.


High-peak-power pulsed operation of common emitter AlGaAs-GaAs HBTs, at 35 GHz is reported. A 1.0-W peak power with 2.3-dB associated gain and power-added efficiency of 28% is obtained. Small devices gave up to 43% power-added efficiency with 190-mW output at 4.8-dB gain. The pulse length was 300 ns, and the duty cycle was 33%. The device design, small-signal characteristics, and power results obtained are described.<<ETX>>


Doxorubicin (DOX) is a frontline anticancer therapeutic which has proven effective in the treatment of breast cancer. However, very little is known regarding the effects that DOX has on skeletal muscle metabolism, specifically its influence on nitric oxide (NO) production. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine NO concentrations in the plantaris (P, n =6) and gastrocnemius (G, n =6) muscles of Sprague‐Dawley rats after DOX administration at a single dose of 1.5 mg/kg. Muscle samples were collected at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168 and 192 hours post injection. . Following administration, intramuscular NO increased (P<0.05) in the G after 120 (0.99±0.04 mmol/kg dw), 144 (0.91±0.03 mmol/kg dw) and 168 hours (0.79±0.03 mmol/kg dw) compared to control (0.62±0.07 mmol/kg dw). Similarly, NO increased (P<0.05) in the P after 120 (0.89±0.02 mmol/kg dw) and 144 hours (0.89±0.03 mmol/kg dw) compared to control (0.66±0.08 mmol/kg dw). Other than the observation that NO remained higher in the G but not in the P group at 168 hr, there were no other differences between fiber types. These data clearly suggest that DOX administration stimulates intramuscular NO production in a time dependent manner. In addition, these findings may represent the first step in better understanding NO deregulation in skeletal muscle upon DOX administration.


The Boeing Commercial Airplane Company developed an inviscid three-dimensional lifting surface method that shows promise in being able to accurately predict loads, subsonic and supersonic, on wings with leading-edge separation and reattachment.


Discussions of the liberty of the ancients, in contemporary political theory, treat democratic freedom, and the political equality on which democracy was premised, as anathema to the liberty of the moderns. This article discusses ancient democratic liberty by referencing the theory of arithmetic equality preserved by Aristotle and Plato and suggests that we need to re-investigate this relationship in the interests of modern freedom. The article argues that, in fact, Greek, particularly Athenian, democratic ideas, construe freedom in a negative way and that democratic, arithmetic, accounts of equality are, at root, anti-oppressive and require further investigation in the name of justice for the moderns.


Abstract Our prior investigation of Chlorella malate dehydrogenase (MDH) revealed supernatant and particulate isoenzymes which were immunologically, chromatographically, and electro-phoretically distinct. By means of ammonium sulfate fractionation and column chromatography a crystalline preparation of the particulate isoenzyme, specific activity of approximately 2000 has been obtained. It appears homogeneous in the analytical ultracentrifuge, by column chromatography and by electrophoresis. This preparation migrates as a single band of activity when subjected to starch gel electrophoresis and its mobility and activity (on the gel) are unaffected by prior incubation with citric acid, pH 2.0, EDTA, β-mercapto-ethanol, substrates or products; however, new bands appear when preincubated with exogenous proteins (RNase, Ovalbumin, Aldolase).


We intensively read the recent review, "Is Epidural Injection of Sodium Chloride Solution a True Placebo or an Active Control Agent? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" written by Manchikanti L et al (1). It was described in the article that epidural sodium chloride should not be considered as a placebo and it is effective in the treatment of low back and lower extremity pain. When the efficiencies of epidural local anesthetic and epidural local anesthetic combined with steroid injection were compared, no difference was found between their efficacy. It has been suggested that local anesthetics exert their long-term effects through the following mechanisms neural blockade altering processing of nociceptive input, the reflex mechanism of afferent fibers, selfsustaining activity of the neurons, and the pattern of central neuronal activities. Although we support the results of this review, we think that a different mechanism may also play a role. In line with this, many studies also support our consideration (2-12). As we know, sodium chloride solution is given during percutaneous epidural neuroplasty and epiduroscopy. In many studies, it has been shown that the inflammatory mediators originating from the damaged intervertebral disc in the epidural area are diluted and washed out with saline infusion into the epidural area (2-12). In one study comparing 10% and 0.9% saline used during PEN, showed that both solutions were effective in pain palliation (2). Based on this literature and the experience in our clinic, we think that epidural injection of sodium chloride solution is effective in pain palliation. Can we attribute this pain reducing effect of epidurally administered local anesthetics to the above mentioned mechanism in this review or washing out of the inflamatuar mediators?


In the production line of many industries there exists the procedure of palletizing/depalletizing sacks of raw or finished materials. The plastics industry, for example, uses polyethylene for the production of a series of products, including polyethylene pipes for irrigation, plastic sheets for greenhouse coverings, and other agricultural uses. The usual production procedure is as follows. Pallets are kept in storage areas and are transported by forklifts to depalletization stations when depalletizing is needed. Depalletizing is a labor-intensive job for workers. There are some purely mechanical systems in the market that assist the process in one way or another, but they tend to be expensive and they do not provide a complete solution to the problem. In the majority of palletizing or depalletizing jobs, the environment is either completely structured or may be structured in such a way that the procedure is automated


Effects of polyamine (PA) synthesis inhibitors--alpha-difluoromethylornithinchloride (DFMO) and alpha-methylornithinchloride (MO)--separately or in combination with the epidermal growth factor (EGF)--on lysosome-phagosome fusion (P-LF) and F-actin content in murine peritoneal macrophages were studied using fluorescent dye Acridine orange for lysosome labelling, FITC-phalloidin for F-actin, and yeast cells as a target. DFMO and MO significantly inhibited P-LF and decreased F-actin content in murine peritoneal macrophages. A combination of DFMO and MO with EGF failed to inhibit P-LF or to decrease F-actin content in these cells. The results obtained with DFMO and MO suggested new cellular targets of their effects. These results may be extended to cancer research to provide a rationale for clinical trials using combinations of EGF with DFMO or MO.


The gaol of this paper is to demonstrate that the propagation of acoustic waves in a single slab made of a homogeneous one dimensional (1D) solid embedded in a fluid at oblique incidence on a slab made of two dimensional (2D) rectangular rods immersed in a fluid, can exhibit transmission zeros near resonances the so-called Fano resonances.


This study examines the microstructural role of crack face bridging mechanisms in a monolithic ceramic, subjected to cyclic loading conditions at room and high temperatures. By utilizing a unique post-fracture-tensile experiment, the fatigue properties of a commercially available alumina are examined. Based on the current results, one will conclude that the wake zone bridging consists of a combination of bridging by frictional and unbroken ligaments. At room temperature, when the peak loads, initial crack opening displacement and number of cycles are held below values which cause grain sliding, no fatigue damage is evident. Above the threshold values, however, notable damage may be observed. This cumulative wear process reduces the effectiveness of the bridging. At high temperature, it was found that the relaxation of normal forces due to the softening of the grain boundary phase gives a rise to ratcheting behavior. For the quasistatic bridging problem, accumulation of damage has been related to grain size features, but apparent from data in this study, fatigue related damage depends upon damage to sub-grain size features.


The problem of the market as it is pictured on the walls of the Old Kingdom mastabas was broached by Maspero almost a century ago. The next step was made by Luise Klebs who had assembled quite a body of material on the market and trade in the Old Kingdom times, having added four scenes of the market to the unique one from which Maspero had had to argue. Her outline of the problem was soon very materially supplemented from the philological side by Erman's outstanding work on speeches, dialogues, etc., recorded in the Old Kingdom tombs. The most detailed treatment this problem has found in the well-known book on the scenes of the every day life by Montet who could, however, add only one market-scene to the indisputable five discussed by Maspero and Klebs. In the fifties the market represented in the Old Kingdom tombs was treated by J. J. Perepelkin in two successive articles on the economical problems of the period. He also enriches the body of the extant material by one scene only, but his work is important as it convincingly shows the role corn must have played in the market in those times. To these works embracing the subject of the market in its entirety must be added Fischer's recent article, very interesting from the historico-cultural standpoint. A mention also has to be made of a comprehensive work by Helck on the economical history of Egypt in the III and II millenniums B. C., where, however, the problem of the market-scenes has almost been passed over in silence. So by the late fifties only seven indisputable market-scenes had been re-


With the growing demand for clean energy, the world's installed solar energy capacity has increased substantially in the last few years. But the power output of photovoltaic (PV) panels varies greatly under different weather conditions. To improve PV power stations' prediction accuracy, this paper designs a forecasting system that uses artificial neural networks (ANNs) optimized by Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm based on weather classification for 1-day ahead hourly forecasting. In this process, first, the weather is divided into three types: A - sunny, B - cloudy and C - rainy by using support vector machine (SVM) method. Then, the correlation between meteorological factors and PV power output is analyzed through Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) method in order to select the forecasting model's input. Finally, the corresponding LM-ANN forecasting sub-models are established under each weather type. After applying the trained three sub-models to a small PV power plant in Macao, the results prove that the proposed forecasting system achieves better prediction effect than traditional backpropagation ANN model.


Volume fraction of fibres (A), aspect ratio of fibres (B) and fibres orientation (C) are considered as control factors in the determination of hardness strength, hardness strength of plantain fiber reinforced polyester composites (PFR P). These properties were determined for plantain empty fruit bunch (PEFB) and plantain pseudo stem (PPS). Hardness tests were conducted on the replicated samples of PEFB fiber reinforced polyester composite and PPS fiber reinforced polyester respectively using Archimedes principles in each case to determine the volume fraction of fibers. To obtain the optimum properties being investigated a Monsanto tensometer were used to establish the control factor levels quality characteristics needed to optimize the mechanical properties being investigated. Taguchi robust design technique was applied for the greater the better to obtain the highest signal to noise ratio (SN ratio) for the quality characteristics being investigated employing Minitab 15 software. The optimum values of the control factors are established for empty fruit bunch composites and for pseudo stem fiber composite. The empty fruit bunch fiber reinforced polyester matrix composite has the maximum hardness strength of 19.062N/mm 2 and a mean design strength of 17.978N/mm 2 , while the pseudo stem plantain fiber reinforced matrix composite has the maximum hardness strength of 18.655 N/mm 2 and a mean design strength of 18.0385N/mm 2 . The properties studied depend greatly on the reinforcement combinations of control factors.


Concentration camps, artificial deprivations, executions: with the revolution, people become enemy of themselves on behalf of an ideology that, not only produces a way of power, but, above all, an approximation to the reality which tends to destroy it completely. The resistance was possible due to the permanence in the man of the irreducible core of humanity that is expressed as a desire of the infinite in this world of finite things.


The Pan-American Highway, proposed in 1923, was Pan-Americanism's most publicized idea, and the dream of a hemispheric highway inspired automotive adventurers from Canada to Argentina to attempt—and largely fail—to drive off-road from one American continent to the other. Despite a fifty-year consensus about the proposed highway's economic, cultural, and diplomatic benefits and even with the considerable momentum of automotive civilization behind it, one still cannot drive between North and South America. This article considers the hazards of the Central American environment and the early vibrancy of North American environmentalism as explanations for the failure to complete the highway. It commemorates, in a sense, an "event" that did not happen.


The invention discloses an antibacterial and durable tooth filling composite material and a preparation method thereof. The composite material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of polymethyl methacrylate, 20-25 parts of hydroxyl calcium phosphate, 13-15 parts of acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate, 3-8 parts of fimbrin, 1-3 parts of 2-thiol benzimidazole, 5-12 parts of a phase transfer agent, 12-30 parts of glycosaminoglycan, 5-10 parts of steamed bone meal, 4-8 parts of silver cyclohexylbutyrate, 3-5 parts of casein, 4-8 parts of hydroxy anisole, 3-8 parts of an antioxidant, 12-24 parts of sorbitol, 8-23 parts of benzyl alcohol and 25-45 parts of double distilled water. The composite material disclosed by the invention is capable of improving tissue compatibility and blood compatibility, and the composite material is antibacterial, capable of improving mechanical and physical properties, wear-resistant and durable to use; and the preparation method has the advantages of being simple in process, easy to operate, high in yield, low in pollution to environment and the like.


Ruwund has a set of voiceless and voiced stops in its phonemic inventory. Length measurements reveal that voiceless stops are realized with duration comparable to voiced stops. There is also a positive VOT varying between bilabial, alveolar, and velar places of articulation. Voiced stops are characterized by a negative VOT and have greater voicing intensity. What is striking in Ruwund is that voiceless stops are also produced with voicing of weak intensity. These sounds should therefore be described as voiced stops. The presence and amount of aspiration during the delay between the first burst and the onset of voicing is the cue that contributes to these sound's identification as voiceless. Repp [1] observed that the increase in the amplitude of aspiration noise relative to the following periodic vocalic portion increases the salience of this cue and helps the probability to classify these consonants into the voiceless category. A perceptual test m confirms this hypothesis. Removing the part lying between...


Traditional literature says little about place names in the Yan State,making a panoramic view of it quite an impossibility.Fortunately,many unearthed relics of Yan State during the Zhan Guo(Warring States period) contain records of place names of Yan State.These relics are precious data for research on the place names of Yan State due to the unavailability of conventional records.This paper offers,by making use of archeological findings and other archives,a testimony of place names in Yan State,in the hope of making up for the vacuum of research in this regard.


This paper reports the molecular beam epitaxial growth and characterization of high-reflectivity and broad-bandwidth distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) made of ZnTe/GaSb quarter-wavelength (λ/4) layers for optoelectronic applications in the midwave infrared spectral range (2–5 μm). A series of ZnTe/GaSb DBRs has been successfully grown on GaSb (001) substrates using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). During the MBE growth, a temperature ramp was applied to the initial growth of GaSb layers on ZnTe to protect the ZnTe underneath from damage due to thermal evaporation. Post-growth characterization using high-resolution x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy reveals smooth surface morphology, low defect density, and coherent interfaces. Reflectance spectroscopy results show that a DBR sample of seven λ/4 pairs has a peak reflectance as high as 99.0% centered at 2.56 μm with a bandwidth of 517 nm.


In the early part of August, 1938, Professor Caesar, Provincial Entomologist, received from Kenneth C. Hume of Ayton, Ontario, a letter containing insects said to be numerous in that district. Professor Caesar identified these insects as the European earwig, Forficula auricularia L. This identification was later confirmed by the Dominion Entomologist from specimens forwarded by Professor Caesar when he reported the outbreak. This is the first recorded outbreak of the species in Canada east of the Rockies.


ABSTRACT Analyses of cystine peptides derived from the high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) 5 and 7 indicate that, in spite of a distinct sequence homology between the two subunits in the N-terminal region, different disulfide linkages of cysteine residues are present in these regions. To investigate the structural basis for these experimental results, the conformational structures of the polypeptide chains corresponding to the N-terminal regions (first 50 amino acids) of the wheat HMW-GS 5 and 7 were modeled by computer methods. Secondary structures were predicted by the method of Rost and Sander (1993) and, to the extent appropriate, applied to the constructed polypeptide chains. The resulting structures were energy-minimized and subjected to simulated heating and dynamic equilibration. In the final structure of subunit 5, the first two cysteines were located in a region of continuous α-helix. If folding to the helical form occurs rapidly during biosynthesis as expected, the distance between...


Abstract Direct mortality of forest wildlife due to fire is rarely documented. In June and July 2004, the Nuttall Complex Fire burned 11,898 ha in the Pinaleño Mountains, southeastern Arizona. Portions of these mountains serve as the only habitat of endangered Mount Graham red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus grahamensis). Survival of radio-collared red squirrels over a period that included the fire was lower in areas that were burned than on unburned areas; however, the majority of squirrels on our study areas survived the fire. Distance of nests from middens did not differ between pre-fire and post-fire periods for animals in burned or unburned areas, indicating that squirrels did not abandon middens immediately after surviving the effects of fire.


One of the risk factors for stunting is the mother's lack of nutrition knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary to know how the knowledge of nutrition of the mother before getting married. This research method was a systematic review using the PRISMA-P guidelines and the PICOS criteria in various research articles on GARUDA. The results found only 3 articles that met the criteria with different definitions of nutritional knowledge. The average percentage of respondents with good nutritional knowledge is below 10%, meaning that out of 10 prospective brides only one has good nutritional knowledge. In Suscatin, guidance, and counseling related to health knowledge have been scheduled, but there needs to be an evaluation of the program that has been running.


This article examines the presumed documentation of supernatural phenomena in ghost hunting reality television shows. It asks how we relate to these intangible images in the context of a so-called 'post-truth era' which challenges mainstream sources of information while offering wide access to the production of texts and images.

One aspect of the discussion considers these reality programmes, which above all aim to entertain, as part of the horror genre, revisiting the place that reality occupies in horror scholarship. Supernatural narratives are traditionally discussed as symbolic representations of the real world—monsters stand for a feared 'other,' and stories metaphorically evoke personal or historical trauma. In horror criticism, supernatural tales are removed from reality, and can only address it indirectly. The reality shows in question, on the contrary, bring the occult and our life experiences closer together. Not only do they present ghosts and demons as real—in addition, these shows become a part of the individual lives of viewers, inviting participatory spectatorship. Fans interact with investigators of supernatural activity via text messages in live episodes and offer comments on internet discussion forums.

The second element of the discussion challenges notions about the ontology of the photographic and audiovisual images. It turns to nineteenth-century spirit photography as a point for comparison with digital technologies to question the presumably direct, indexical relationship between the image and material reality in light of our relationship to the photographic and audiovisual records of immaterial entities whose reality cannot be proved.


I have been greatly interested in the meaningful data from Tahara et al. pres− ented in response to our reported finding using magnifying narrow band imaging (NBI). The authors suggested that a find− ing of the light blue crest by magnifying NBI, especially in the gastric corpus, could be a good indicator of high risk for the development of gastric cancer. I think their data highlight two important points about endoscopic diagnosis of intestinal metaplasia in the stomach. First, the authors indicated that endosco− py could diagnose and show the distribu− tion of intestinal metaplasia, which is associated with a risk of developing gas− tric cancer. When we investigated, in a case±control study, the relationship be− tween risk of gastric cancer and histologi− cal findings of biopsy specimens accord− ing to the Sydney system, the most im− portant risk factor was the presence of intestinal metaplasia at the lesser curva− ture of the corpus: odds ratio of 15.1 (95 %CI 4.3 ± 52.6, P < 0.001) [1]. There− fore, it is important to evaluate not only the presence of intestinal metaplasia, but also its distribution when assessing the risk for development of gastric cancer. Currently, the diagnosis of gastritis is ba− sically evaluated by histology of biopsy specimens from certain points on the gas− tric mucosa, as stated by the Sydney sys− tem. However, "blind biopsy" cannot evaluate the precise distribution of gas− tritis and this method potentially causes sampling error. To landscape the whole stomach, chromoendoscopy with methy− lene blue is more advantageous [2], but it demands preparation with a mucolytic agent and vigorous washing away of mu− cus or excessive dye. Although the NBI image is dark in the stomach and color contrast is lower compared with that of methylene blue chromoendoscopy, at least the presence or absence of the light blue crest is evaluable when observing magnified areas, so it can target a biopsy site. Furthermore, the area of the light blue crest appears as light−blue±whitish patches in nonmagnifying NBI images, so subjective semiquantitative assessment may be possible. Nevertheless, one of the main virtues of NBI is convenience. The effect of NBI can be achieved just by pressing a small button on the control head of the video endoscope. We expect this easier method to facilitate its wide− spread use in clinical practice. Secondly, the data of Tahara et al. sug− gested that new endoscopic imaging could be an alternative to biopsy. Accord− ing to our investigation, the appearance of the light blue crest corresponded close− ly with the presence of histological intes− tinal metaplasia. We speculated that the light blue crest originated from dense re− flection of short−wavelength light at cili− ated structures on the epithelial surface of intestinal metaplasia (i. e. the brush border), so the light blue crest is a light image and not a surface pattern. When we first noticed the appearance of the light blue crest, we named it the "blue fringe" [3] because it looked like a pale blue flashing light fringing on the crest of the epithelial surface or gyri; during sub− mission it was recommended to revise the term to "light blue crest." Sometimes thin white lines that mimic the light blue crest were observed, but these were prob− ably due to a tangential view of the epi− thelial surface; a typical light blue crest is relatively thick, more lightly blueish, and more reflecting. The appearance of the light blue crest is clearly visible at maximum zoom level. Taking an excellent magnified image is key to evaluating magnified NBI findings correctly. Tips for magnifying observation include using a cap and fine movement of the zoom lever. In our previous report, we used a transparent plastic cap but we now prefer a black rubber cap (MB−162 or MB−45, Olympus Medical Systems, Inc., Tokyo, Japan) because it is softer and can avoid contact bleeding during close observation. Sometimes the zoom lever is extended all the way down at once, but we use it more like a "microscope", focus− ing and adjusting the amount of zoom with a fine movement. NBI with zoom can relate gross endoscopic appearance to its histological findings very well; therefore we think it could accelerate our understanding of the pathogenesis of dis− eases in the digestive tract by endoscopy. Elucidation of the pathogenesis would re− sult in improved diagnosis and treatment methods, and finally benefit patients. To achieve this, we think that every attempt should be made to clarify and systema− tize magnified NBI findings as fully as possible in accordance with histology. We do not yet know how many answers can be found, but at least through the process, we could improve endoscopic di− agnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.


Inspired and motivated by the prospect of innovating the core of the musical experience, the author have explored a number of research directions in which digital technology bears the promise of revolutionizing the medium. The research directions identified - gestural expression, collaborative networks, and constructionist learning - aimed at creating musical experiences that cannot be facilitated by traditional means. The first direction builds on the notion that through novel sensing and mapping techniques, new expressive musical gestures can be discovered that are not supported by current acoustic instruments. Such gestures, unconstrained by the physical limitation of acoustic sound production, can provide infinite possibilities for expressive and creative musical experiences for novice as well as trained musicians. The second research direction utilizes the digital network in an effort to create new collaborative experiences, allowing players to take an active role in determining and influencing not only their own musical output but also that of their co-performers. By using the network to interdependently share and control musical materials in a group, musicians can combine their musical ideas into a constantly evolving collaborative musical activity that is novel and inspiring. The third research direction utilizes constructionist learning, which bears the promise of revolutionizing music education by providing hands-on access to programmable music making.


The correlation between crystal chemistry characteristics and dispersion performance of Ca-montmorillonite with different layer charge density was studied. The four kinds of purified montmorillonite were characterized by XRD, XRF, FTIR, SEM, TEM, BET, TG-DTG, Zeta potential, and Molecular dynamics simulation (MD). The XRD analysis results show that the d(001) value of the four kinds of Ca-montmorillonite are 1.51 nm, 1.51 nm, 1.53 nm, and 1.50 nm, respectively, and the calculation results of layer charge density show that the semi-unit cell charge density are 0.38, 0.53, 0.61, and 0.69, respectively. The charge density is positively correlated with the mass content of MgO. The FTIR analysis results show that with the increase of layer charge density, the couple vibration wave number of Si–O–Mg and Mg–O move towards the high frequency region, from 464.70 cm−1 to 466.36 cm−1 and from 517.12 cm−1 to 520.41 cm−1. The SEM analysis results show that the higher layer charge density of montmorillonite, the worse exfoliation between layers and the thicker layer thickness, The images of TEM show that montmorillonites are mainly composed of a clearly layered structure. The results of BET show that with the increase of charge density, the BET surface area, micropore area and total pore volume gradually increase from 32.69 m2 g−1 to 64.50 m2 g−1, from 4.87 m2 g−1 to 18.24 m2 g−1, and from 0.06 cm3 g−1 to 0.12 cm3 g−1 , respectively, while PSDs and pore diameter decrease from 7.88 nm to 1.74 nm, and from 7.65 nm to 5.47 nm. The results of TG and DTG show that with the increase of charge density, the removal temperature of free water and inter-layer water increase from 80 °C to 100 °C and 139 °C to 155 °C, respectively. The simulation results of MD show that with the increase of layer charge density, the number of hydrogen bonds increase from 186 to 271 and the adsorption energy increases from −1467.11 to −1874.32 kcal mol−1. The particle size increases from 701 nm(Mt1) to 1576 nm(Mt4) with the layer charge density, and the absolute value of Zeta potential, colloidal value and expansion capacity of montmorillonites suspension decrease with the increase of the layer charge density, which further indicates that the dispersion of montmorillonites decrease with the increase of layer charge density.


In the Vertebrates the two primary catalysts for the oxidation of xenobiotic sulphur-containing compounds appear to be the Flavin-containing monoxygenases. (FMO) and the cytochrome P-450 mooxygenases (P-450) [l]. The relative contribution of these enzyme systems to the oxidation of the vast majority of xenobiotics is unknown [l]. Thioamide compounds, such as thioacetamide, thiobenzamide , ethionamide (ETH,2-ethyl-iso thionicotinamide) thionicotinamide (TNA) are all known to be substrates of the FM0[1,2,3]. However the involvement of the P-450 monooxygenases cannot be ruled out as certain P-450 isoenzymes have been shown to play a role in thioamide S-oxidation [4,5,61. The aim of the current investigation was to determine the contribution of the FMO and P-450 monoxygenases to the microsomal S-oxidation of TNA and ETH. The effects of NADPH, heat and various enzyme inhibitors were used in incubations with microsomes prepared from male Wistar rats [3]. The formation of thioamide S-oxide was determined by HPLC [7] and the results are presented in Table 1. In the absence of an NADPH regenerating system the formation of TNA and ETH S-oxides was significantly reduced. SKF 525A, metyrapone and n-octylamine, known inhibitors of the P-450 monoxygenases [8,9], did not have any significant effect on the S-oxidation of either TNA OK ETH by the liver microsomes, when added at a final concentration of 1mM.


The influence of cytokinins on nitrogen-fixing nodule development in legume plants, as well as the molecular mechanisms of this effect and interaction with components of signaling cascade activated by nodulation inductors, the bacterial signals Nod factors, are discussed in the review. Positive role of cytokinins was first shown in the experiments with their exogenous application to plants that resulted in spontaneous nodule formation on the roots of legume plants (K.R. Libbenga, P.A.A. Harkers, 1973). The experiments with bacterial strains defective in Nod factor biosynthesis, but producing the trans-zeatin, confirmed the assumption that cytokinins are involved in the control of nodule formation (J.B. Cooper, S.R. Long, 1994). As a result the nodule-like structures are developed expressing the symbiosis-specific early nodulin genes. At the present stage of research the identification of legume mutants defective in the genes encoding receptors to cytokinins allowed to provide evidence for the involvement of cytokinins in nodulation. The inhibition of nodule development was found in Medicago truncatula mutants defective in the cytokinin receptor gene CRE1 (cytokinin response 1) and LHK1 (Lotus histidine kinase 1) in Lotus japonicus (S. Gonzalez-Rizzo et al., 2006; J.D. Murray et al., 2007). Thus inhibition of plant susceptibility to cytokinins affected both the infection thread development and nodule formation. In contrast, the strengthening of the LHK1 and CRE1 gene function in L. japonicus and M. truncatula using a recombination approach, resulted in nodule-like structure formation in the absence of rhizobia (L. Tirichine et al., 2007; E. Ovchinnikova et al., 2011). The pathways of cytokinin biosynthesis and activation have been considered, as well as their perception and signal transduction. Cytokinin accumulation may be connected with the gene expression induction, that control the biosynthesis/activation of these hormones, but the molecular mechanisms of this activation remains to be seen. Analysis showed that cytokinins are involved in signal transduction from Nod factor after the stage controlled by one of the key regulators of the signaling pathway, the calcium calmodulin-dependent kinase. This suggests that activation of the receptor to cytokinins is dependent on Nod factors. The expression of the genes encoding transcription factors NSP2, ERN1 and NIN was significantly reduced in the mutants cre1 and lhk1, that allowed to conclude the activation of the receptor to cytokinins precedes the involvement of these transcription factors in signal transduction (L. Tirichine et al., 2007; J. Plet et al., 2011). The analysis has shown that cytokinins are involved in the control of early stages of organogenesis and infection development, but they are also important for nodule differentiation. In addition to local control of nodulation, cytokinins take participation in system control, i.e. in the autoregulation of nodulation. Therefore the cytokinins may play various roles in nodule development depending on their spatial and temporal activation. Кeywords: legume-rhizobial symbiosis, cytokinins, Nod factors, nodules organogenesis, rhizobial infection The legumes-Rhizobiales symbiosis, leading to the appearance of nitrogen-fixing nodules, is the result of a finely controlled molecular and biochemical interactions between the symbionts [1]. Microand macrosymbiont can excrete a variety of compounds, so early search for candidate regulators of symbiosis were aimed at their identification and analysis of functional activity. Cytokininlike substances in a concentration enough to initiate organogenesis were identified among the compounds produced by rhizobia [2, 3]. The ability of free rhizobia to synthetize auxins through the tryptophan-dependent and tryptophan-


With the rise of the Queer Theories in the 90s, a reflexion was suggested regarding the historical gender and sex categories as opposed to the heteronormativity paradigm. Thus, new subjectivities and new partnership models that explicit the sexual diversity have become visible. The present article focuses on an interlocution with the knowledge produced by some researchers so as to understand how these authors see the t-lovers affective-sexual relationships. Our search for studies on such phenomenon evidenced scarce research on the infinite hews of desire particular to the sexual diversity once such studies focus on pathological aspects of the relationship and are based in the quantitative research paradigm. As a result, we have been driven to seek the understanding of the t-lovers relationships through the qualitative research paradigm.


Cyber bullying has evolved as a severe problem hurting children, teenagers, and young adults as a result of the increasing use of social media. Automatic detection of bullying communications in social media is now possible, thanks to machine learning techniques, which could aid in the creation of a healthy and safe social media environment. One major issue in this important research area is robust and discriminative numerical representation learning of text messages. To address this challenge, we offer a new representation learning method in this study. The Semantic-Enhanced Marginalized Denoising Auto-Encoder (SMSDA) is a semantic enhancement of the popular deep learning model stacked denoising Auto-Encoder. The semantic extension is made up of semantic dropout noise and sparsity constraints, with the semantic dropout noise being the most important.


800x600 ABSTRACT Objective: to identify if the religiosity/spirituality of health professionals collaborates to the valuing of the spiritual dimension of critical patients. Method: a descriptive, cross - sectional study with a quantitative approach, carried out with 53 professionals working in Intensive Care Units in the interior of Brazil. Data collected from a questionnaire adapted from the SEBRAME multicentre study and the Spirituality Self Rating Scale. A descriptive analysis of the data and association was performed, using Fisher's exact test, with a significance level of 5%. Results: professionals with a high level of spirituality were the ones who most recognized the influence of religiosity/spirituality on the patient's health and those who most wanted to approach or even had already addressed this issue with their patients. Conclusion: the religiosity/spirituality of the health professional contributes to the appreciation of the spiritual dimension of the serious patient. Descriptors : Spirituality; Intensive Care Unit; Healthcare Professionals. RESUMO Objetivo : identificar se a religiosidade/espiritualidade dos profissionais da saude colabora para a valorizacao da dimensao espiritual dos pacientes criticos. Metodo : estudo descritivo, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 53 profissionais que atuavam em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva no interior do Brasil. Dados coletados a partir de questionario adaptado do estudo multicentrico SEBRAME e escala Spirituality Self Rating Scale. Realizada analise descritiva dos dados e de associacao, utilizando o teste exato de Fisher, com nivel de significância de 5%. Resultados : os profissionais com elevado indice de espiritualidade foram os que mais reconheceram a influencia da religiosidade/espiritualidade na saude do paciente e os que mais desejavam abordar ou, mesmo, ja haviam abordado este tema com seus pacientes. Conclusao : a religiosidade/espiritualidade do profissional de saude colabora para a valorizacao da dimensao espiritual do paciente grave. Descritores : Espiritualidade; Religiao; Unidade de Terapia Intensiva; Profissional de Saude. RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar si la religiosidad/espiritualidad de profesionales de la salud colabora para la apreciacion de la dimension espiritual de los pacientes criticos. Metodo: estudio transversal, descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo, llevado a cabo con 53 profesionales que trabajan en unidades de cuidados intensivos en el interior de Brasil. Datos recolectados del cuestionario adaptado del estudio multicentrico SEBRAME y escala Spirituality Self Rating Scale . Llevado a cabo analisis descriptivo de los datos y de la asociacion, utilizando la prueba exacta de Fisher, con un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: los profesionales con alto nivel de espiritualidad fueron los que mas reconocieron la influencia de la religiosidad/espiritualidad en el cuidado del paciente y la direccion mas deseada o, incluso, habian discutido a este tema con sus pacientes. Conclusion: la religiosidad / espiritualidad del profesional de salud colabora para la apreciacion de la dimension espiritual del paciente grabe. Descriptores : Espiritualidad; Unidad de Terapia Intensiva; Profesional de Salud. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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1 This study was undertaken to compare the potency and selectivity of the nonpeptide (RP 67580, (±)‐CP‐96,345 and its chloro‐derivative [(±)‐cis‐3‐(2‐chlorobenzylamino)‐2‐benzhydrylquinuclidine] (CP‐C1)) and peptide (GR 71,251 and spantide) neurokinin1 (NK1) antagonists in mouse and rat preparations. 2 Among the NK1 antagonists tested, RP 67580 was the most potent in inhibiting the specific binding of [125I]‐Bolton Hunter substance P ([125I]‐BHSP) to crude synaptosomes from the rat brain (Ki: 2.9 nm). (±)‐CP‐96,345 was about ten fold less potent (Ki: 31 nm) than RP 67580 while other compounds exhibited even less affinity. 3 All NK1 antagonists inhibit competitively the activation of phospholipase C by [Pro9]substance P ([Pro9]SP) in cultured cortical astrocytes from the newborn mouse, a preparation rich in NK1 receptors but devoid of NK2 and NK3 receptors. pA2 values for the most potent compounds, RP 67580 and (±)‐CP‐96,345, were 8.28 and 7.08 respectively. When used alone, all antagonists showed some agonist activity at 10−5 m, except spantide which was already effective at 10−6 m. 4 An excellent correlation was found between the potency of the NK1 antagonists in blocking the stimulation by [Pro9]SP of phosphoinositide breakdown in cortical astrocytes and in inhibiting [125I]‐BHSP specific binding to rat brain synaptosomes. 5 As shown on single cells by use of the Indo‐1 microfluorometric method, RP 67580 (10−7 m) prevented reversibly the elevation of cytosolic calcium concentration induced by [Pro9]SP (10−8 m) in cultured cortical astrocytes. 6 Several experiments indicated that the antagonists were highly selective for NK1 receptors. RP 67580 did not modify the noradrenaline‐evoked activation of phospholipase C in cortical astrocytes; when used at 10−5 m all antagonists had no or only little affinity for NK2 or NK3 binding sites and did not block the NKA (10−8 m)‐induced activation of phospholipase C in the hamster urinary bladder (a selective NK2 test). 7 In conclusion, RP 67580 appears to be a potent NK1 antagonist in the mouse and the rat. Results obtained with (±)‐CP‐96,345 confirm the lower potency of this compound in these two species when compared with reported data obtained in the guinea‐pig or man.


Simulation means running a model of a system with suitable input and observing the corresponding output. Real-time environment simulation is a special kind of simulation used to simulate a control ...


Four years later, despite massive national and international countermeasures, it is still not over. This book examines the considerable economic, social, and political consequences of the present global crisis for world society.


Neuronal filters can be thought of as constituent building blocks underlying the ability of neuronal systems to process information, generate rhythms and perform computations. How neuronal filters are generated by the concerted activity of a multiplicity of process and interacting time scales within and across levels of neuronal organization is poorly understood. In this paper we address these issues in a feedforward network in the presence of synaptic short-term plasticity (STP, depression and facilitation). The network consists of a presynaptic spike-train, a postsynaptic passive cell, and an excitatory (AMPA) chemical synapse. The dynamics of each network components is controlled by one or more time scales. We use mathematical modeling, numerical simulations and analytical approximations of the network response to presynaptic spike trains. We explain the mechanisms by which the participating time scales shape the neuronal filters at the (i) synaptic update level (the target of the synaptic variable in response to presynaptic spikes), which is shaped by STP, (ii) the synaptic variable, and (iii) the postsynaptic membrane potential. We focus on two metrics giving rise to two types of profiles (curves of the corresponding metrics as a function of the spike-train input frequency or firing rate): (i) peak profiles and (ii) peak-to-trough amplitude profiles. The effects of STP are present at the synaptic update level and are communicated to the synaptic level where they interact with the synaptic decay time. STP band-pass filters (BPFs) are reflected in the synaptic BPFs with some modifications due primarily to the synaptic decay time. The postsynaptic filters result from the interaction between the synaptic variable and the bio-physical properties of the postsynaptic cell. Postsynaptic BPFs can be inherited from the synaptic level or generated across levels of organization due to the interaction between (i) a synaptic low-pass filter and the postsynaptic summation filter (voltage peak BPF), and (ii) a synaptic high-pass filter and the postsynaptic summation filter (peak-to-trough amplitude BPF). These type of BPFs persist in response to jitter periodic spike trains and Poisson-distributed spike trains. The response variability depends on a number of factors including the spike train input frequency and are controlled by STP in a non-monotonic frequency manner. The lessons learned from the investigation of this relatively simple feedforward network will serve to construct a framework to analyze the mechanisms of generation of neuronal filters in networks with more complex architectures and a variety of interacting cellular, synaptic and plasticity time scales.


Introduction: Bonding of brackets is an important part of orthodontic treatment. The optimal bond strength is the main requirement for successful results of orthodontic treatment. The use of enamel bonding agents like primer, sealant on etched enamel surface enhance the shear bond strength, increase resistance against micro leakage, reduce decay susceptibility and increase etched enamel damping. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with and without using the enamel-bonding agent. Material and Methods: Hundred extracted maxillary premolars were collected and randomly divided into two groups of 50 each. 50 teeth were allocated to enamel-bonding agent group and 50 kept as control. All teeth in both groups were bonded with metallic brackets using transbond XT light cure composite resin. In the enamel-bonding agent group, two layers of enamel bonding agent were applied before bracket bonding. No enamel bonding agent was used in control group. Bonding was followed by incubation in normal saline at 37⁰ C for 48 hours and then thermocycling at 1000 cycles. Debonding was performed with a shearing force and shear bond strength was measured using universal testing machine. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 17 and student-t test applied for comparison. Results: There was no significant difference between the shear bond strength of the two groups. Conclusions: The use of enamel bonding agent does not enhance bond strength.


The methods used to evaluate automation tools are a critical part of the development process. In general, the most meaningful measure of an automation method from an operational standpoint is its effect on productivity. Both timed comparison between manual and automation based-extraction, as well as measures of spatial accuracy are needed. In this paper, we introduce the notion of correspondence to evaluate spatial accuracy of an automated update method. Over time, existing vector data becomes outdated because 1) land cover changes occur, or 2) more accurate overhead images are acquired, and/or vector data resolution requirements by the user may increase. Therefore, an automated vector data updating process has the potential to significantly increase productivity, particularly as existing worldwide vector database holdings increase in size, and become outdated more quickly. In this paper we apply the proposed evaluation methodology specifically to the process of automated updating of existing road centerline vectors. The operational scenario assumes that the accuracy of the existing vector data is in effect outdated with respect to newly acquired imagery. Whether the particular approach used is referred to as 1) vector-to-image registration, or 2) vector data updating-based automated feature extraction (AFE), it is open to interpretation of the application and bias of the developer or user. The objective of this paper is to present a quantitative and meaningful evaluation methodology of spatial accuracy for automated vector data updating methods.


Data-intensive applications involve the processing of terabytes or petabytes of data that are distributed geographically among multiple data storage systems. Processing such large amounts of data places extreme demands on the computational resources available today. A 'computational grid' provides the processing capabilities required for dataintensive applications, by harnessing the compute resources provided by collections of workstations spread across multiple local and wide area networks. The three basic functionalities required for grid computation are: 1) the ability to move data across workstations, 2) the ability to launch processes on remote workstations, and 3) a security mechanism to guard the disparate resources. Several existing grid technologies provide these basic functionalities. A control program that makes of these basic functionalities is necessary to direct and monitor the applications running on the grid. This paper presents a modular framework for such a control program to efficiently manage any kind of dataintensive application. The system described herein also takes into account the heterogeneity of resources in the grid. The framework proposes the use of standard grid protocols for the basic functionalities of the grid. We conclude with a detailed description of the individual modules in the framework.


The formation of vertically aligned nanorods into hexagonal superlattices is a recent development in nanocrystal assemblies, leading to structured arrays for high density applications. Nanorods can be aligned into perpendicular arrays either by trapping the nanorod solvated in toluene between a block of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite and a substrate or by placing a solution of the nanorods under an electric field of 1 kV according to previously published methods [1,2]. A recent advancement leading to the further functionalisation of nanorods involved asymmetric and symmetric growth of a gold tip on each nanorod via a solution reflux [3,4]. The formation of these tips require long reaction times and the resulting structures are parallel aligned. We have developed a simple spin cast technique to form a single gold tip on each of the perpendicularly aligned nanorods. This process involves nanorod synthesis followed by perpendicular alignment of the nanorods on a substrate with subsequent gold tipping using a gold(I)chloride solution [5]. This reaction occurs instantaneously (30 seconds) and results in a single tip on one of the exposed end facets of the wurtzite nanorods. The tip positioning is largely determined by facet size. Gold terminated nanorods precisely positioned on a substrate are likely to greatly facilitate their hierarchical integration into functional devices. Figure 1a, shows growth of single gold tips on perpendicularly aligned CdS nanorods. Tip growth is asymmetric occurring only on the exposed ends of the perpendicularly aligned nanorods with an average tip size of 2.9 nm. Gold growth does not always occur in the centre of the nanorod and this centro-asymmetric positioning of the gold tips on the nanorods is clearly visible in figure 1a where the predominant gold tip position is on or near the edge of the anisotropic nanocrystal. Tip positioning is believed to be related to the facet topography at the end of the nanorod. Growth of CdS nanorods occurs along the (001) direction, depending however on growth termination the resulting end facets will vary in size. Manna et al. showed that the end structure of nanorods is terminated by small (101) facets and a planar (001) facet [6]. The respective sizes of the (001) and the (101) facets are affected by how fast or slow the termination of growth in the solution state occurs, where a slow termination will lead to a larger (001) facet.


This research is responsible for conducting studies on textiles. Casma of the Archaeological Complex, through a structural, technological and stylistic analysis, with the purpose of gathering information that allows knowing and interpreting the social interactions that maintain the Casma de Huarmey culture with other social groups. To fulfill this purpose it has to do with direct observation and comparative studies, and then the information has been processed through statistical and comparative charts and graphs.
This entails defining the textiles of the Casma culture of the El Campanario Archaeological Complex as the synthesis of a long process of evolution and interaction in the Late Intermediate, the period in which social interactions with their peers of the sierra are still maintained. and the coast Deriving thus in the creation of a cultural syncretism in the valley of Huarmey during the Late Intermediate, where local technical knowledge is combined with the cultural and technological techniques of external social groups. This new knowledge is reflected in the use of the fibers of the camelid hair, the yarn with the "Z" torsion and the characteristic use of the Interwoven Tapestry technique that is used in combination with the local traditions of the use of the cotton, the Yarn with torsion in "S", as well as the elaboration of work garments through the manufacturing technique Tapestry Slotted.


"Hey treacherous, even if I die, where I find myself I will pray for your soul". That's how my mom sings (and dances), the same one that she usually does with her voice "shhh" if out of nowhere someone brings the subject of death to the talk.
The focus of this work is on the Bogota context and on personal experiences of what happens when a human being becomes a corpse. Most likely, he/she and his/her close living beings go through a series of processes and procedures which are regulated by certain institutions (if you like, you can listen to the bolero "The game of life" played by Daniel Santos). This causes that some behaviors, attitudes and ways of approaching death and what that implies, are also regulated.
Dying because you are alive is the beginning of a quest that is both aesthetic and collective. A mixture between the seen and the imaginary. The established and the popular. Experienced with what we are not used to experiencing. That is where "The Death Workshops" is born, a space for discussion, action and production around how we see dying to discover in what way or ways we can appropriate more of it and each time it is more spoken. So, like an enjoyable song, it will be around in your head.


Military, police, and industrial surveillance operations could benefit from having sensors deployed in configurations that maximize collection capability. We describe a surveillance planning approach that optimizes sensor placements to collect information about targets of interest by using information from predictive geospatial analytics, the physical environment, and surveillance constraints. We designed a tool that accounts for multiple sensor aspects-collection footprints, groupings, and characteristics; multiple optimization objectives-surveillance requirements and predicted threats; and multiple constraints-sensing, physical environment (including terrain), and geographic surveillance constraints. The tool uses a discrete grid model to keep track of geographic sensing objectives and constraints, and from these, estimate probabilities for collection containment and detection. We devised an evolutionary algorithm and polynomial time approximation schemes (PTAS) to optimize the tool variables above to generate the positions and aspect for a network of sensors. We also designed algorithms to coordinate a mixture of sensors with different competing objectives, competing constraints, couplings, and proximity constraints.© (2012) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.


A two year old girl presented with mild facial dysmorphism reminiscent of Hurler disease, moderate mental retardation, and hepatosplenomegaly. Hercorneae were clear. Radiologically, there was moderate dysostosis multiplex. Peripheral granulocytes contained abundant, coarse Alder-Reilly granulations. There was an increased urinary excretion of acid mucopolysaccharides. Determination of lysosomal glycosidases showed a markedly decreased activity of β-D-glucuronidase in cultured fibroblasts, leudocytes, and serum. In the parents, in one grandmother and in one sister, β-D-glucuronidase activity in serum and leucocytes was decreased to between 30 and 50%. The disorder has been classified as mucopolysaccharidosis,type VII. Our results indicate that a reliable diagnosis of the homozygous and heterozygous deficient state can be made by determining β-D-glucuronidase in serum.


Any emerging technology needs a catalyst to help its adoption into mainstream utilization. The blockchain has been around for over 10 years now and although it has been widely adopted in the crypto asset world, its real-world implementation in the healthcare domain has been relatively slow. Considering the advantages possessed inherently by blockchains, it is perplexing as to why it has not found widespread acceptance. With most of the proposed implementations focusing on health records and patient centered access control, it was necessary to gain status of public perception of firstly, their health records, secondly, their outlook on the security aspects of their health data and finally understand to what extent have blockchains and its existence has infiltrated into the general populous. The Box's M test significance value, p-value= 0.613, helps establish a correlation between an individual knowledge of blockchains and their ease in use of electronic devices. The ANOVA test was used to reject any correlation between an individual's age and their perception of healthcare data safety and accessibility. The results of this analysis would help provide understanding on the feasibility of healthcare blockchain implementations.


Researching the Visual is both fashionable (in addressing approaches to the 'everyday') and unfashionable (in eschewing both reflexive theories and focus group/long interviewing methodologies) in getting there. On the one hand, the book marks a familiar (and necessary) trend in image and media research from early semiotic and textual analysis to 'the wider concerns of a sociology of visual information' (p. 8). On the other hand, the authors shrewdly avoid charges of empiricism and the old textualist complaint about prioritizing 'visual epistemology' by insisting that 'direct observation, interpretative skills and a powerful theoretical imagination are the core resources for doing good visual research, not the camera nor the photograph' (pp. 229–30). This emphasis (together with the 'student text' format of the series this book is in) leads to several good things.


An electrical power supply circuit electroluminescent lamp (7), which comprises a coil having two (4,6) of the transformer. A primary coil (4) is periodically powered by a transformer "H" bridge consists of a battery. Use "H" bridge components ensures that no DC current flow (4) of the primary coil, which optimizes the transmission rate of the transformer primary (4) to the secondary electrical energy.


It is well known that the physical, mechanical, optical and electrical properties are affected by the sample morphology. The aim of the work was to gain knowledge and basic understanding of the morphology of polyethylene materials used for power cable insulation. A permanganic etching procedure with subsequent TEM microscopy was used to reveal the crystalline structure of the specimens. The effects of antioxidant (Santox R type) and peroxide crosslinking of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and acrylate polymer were investigated in this study.


Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) is literally altering the norms of interpersonal interaction and creating a new system of messages by which people attempt to understand one another both verbally and nonverbally. It's rare to look around and not see people texting, processing their email, or checking their Facebook status using smart phones, laptops, or iPads and in some of the most unusual places. Technology has changed the way we understand and handle our interpersonal relationships. Little research has been done to evaluate the impact that computermediated technology has had on the theoretical view of relational closeness. In social networking like Facebook, the user is constantly using social penetration theory by displaying self-disclosure. Annie McCarthy posits that: a Face book user can set their privacy settings to determine their levels of self-disclosure. This paper attempts to explore these perspectives in relationship development.


Target Audience: MR Hardware Engineers Background and Purpose: With a phased array of radiofrequency (RF) coils placed around a subjects head, the overlap of magnetic fields (B-fields) enables one to sub-sample the spatial information of the brain, generating aliased coil images that are reconstructed with techniques such as SENSitivity Encoding (SENSE). The effective depth of sensitivity for each coil in the array is proportional to the width of the coil, and thus a uniform overall B-field sensitivity profile is achieved using "birdcage" arrays comprised of rectangular coils that have left/right and top/down symmetry. SENSE reconstructed images are known to have a reduced SNR due to both the sub-sampled spatial frequency signal and an amplified noise caused by an overlap of coil B-fields, commonly measured through the geometry factor (g-factor). In functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI), brain regions that exhibit a significant correlation in spontaneous low temporal fluctuations of blood oxygenation are deemed functionally connected. However, recent studies have shown that the SENSE unfolding of aliased coil images artificially induces a non-biological correlation between previously aliased voxels that can corrupt the conclusions drawn in fcMRI studies. As both the g-factor and SENSE induced correlations (corrSE) are greatest in areas with the highest level of aliasing, and many degenerative brain disorders are commonly associated with specific regions of the brain that may reside in those regions, the use of a generic/symmetric coil array may not be optimal for all fcMRI studies. The goal of this study is therefore to morph a conventional birdcage array of rectangular coils into an arrangement that simultaneously minimizes both the g-factor and corrSE within a region of interest (ROI) using spatial normalization 3 with sine and cosine basis functions. Methods: A 42×42×42 voxel FOV was simulated for a brain phantom in the center of NC=8 rectangular coils in Fig. 1a. The ROIs represented by the three green ellipsoids in Fig. 1b simulate the Default Mode Network (DMN), and were positioned in areas that would be aliased prior to a SENSE reconstruction with a reduction factor of R=3. Assuming bilateral symmetry within the brain, and a fixed coil radius of r=14 cm, the left half of the coil in Fig. 1a was "unrolled" onto a 2dimensional Cartesian plane in which the horizontal φ-axis has a period of pφ=π, and represents the angle of displacement from the center of the rear coil at φ=-3π/2 to the center of the first (red) coil at φ=π/2, while the vertical z-axis has a period of pz=2r and represents the length of the coil. With each coil represented by a collection of 22 connected vertices with initial (φ,z) locations, (Jφ=5)×(Jz=5) 2D basis functions, B(φ,z,jφ,jz) = 2(pφ,pz)-1sin[πjφ(φ-π/2)pφ-1]cos[π(jz-1)zpz-1], were used to shift the coordinates of each vertex into new locations through φnew=φ Σ Σ Tφ(jφ,jz)B(φ,z,jφ,jz) and znew=z Σ Σ Tz(jφ,jz)B(φ,z,jφ,jz).


There have been great and rapid progresses in the field of $\gamma$-ray bursts since BeppoSAX and other telescopes discovered their afterglows in 1997. In this talk, the main observational facts of $\gamma$-ray bursts and their afterglows, and the standard fireball shock model are reviewed briefly. And then, various post-standard effects, deviations from the standard model, are presented.


The pelitic envelope of a basic and ultrabasic intrusion, together with the pelitic xenoliths, have been studied by field and microscopic examination, and 14 chemical analyses of the hornfelsed pelites are given. Eighteen chemical analyses of unhornfelsed pelites from the region are available for comparison. There was every gradation from biotite-acid andesine-quartz-fibrolite-garnet "regional" schist through cordierite-prismatic sillimanite-labradorite-magnetite-biotite hornfels to spinel-magnetite-cordierite $\pm$ corundum $\pm$ orthopyroxene hornfels as desilication and dealkalization occurred. The $SiO_2$ content, 46.2 per cent, and $Na_2O + K_2O$ content, 6.2 per cent, in the average unhornfelsed nearby pelite fell in the xenoliths to less than 10 per cent $SiO_2$ and less than 0.25 per cent alkali, while the $FeO + Fe_2O_3$, 12.0 per cent, and MgO, 3.4 per cent, rose to over 40 per cent and 9 per cent, respectively. It is suggested that the composition of the material removed from the xenoliths to the ultrabasic magma had a composition resembling, but not identical with, that of Daly's average subalkaline granite, which result supports Bowen's theory of the interaction of basic magma and petlite.


The discussion on digitalization of work has intensified in recent years. The literature points at two main trends that are accelerated by digitalization – the automatization of work which erases or changes job functions and the creation of work without jobs via digital platforms. This paper addresses the question as to how social partners define the digitalization of work and their perception of its consequences along with their recent responses to digitalization. Drawing on interviews with unions and employers´ organizations in Denmark, Sweden and Germany, it examines social partner initiatives at the unilateral, tripartite and bipartite arena in various forms of neo-corporatist labour market regulation. Focus is on private services, which is the sector that is currently under the strongest pressure from automatization and the trend of work without jobs. Whereas the social partners seem to be very active on the unilateral arena in all three countries, responses differ on the tripartite and bipartite arena. The article concludes by discussing the strengths and weaknesses of the responses compared to current trends of digitalization and existing models of labour market regulation.


Ten 14C-dated cores are described from the Labrador Sea, continental slope, and Hatton and Resolution basins on the southeast Baffin Shelf. Based on sharply defined detrital carbonate layers in the Labrador Sea cores, we propose that the Laurentide Ice Sheet reached the shelf break at both 20 and 15 14C ka (24.3 and 18.2 sidereal ka) and contributed significant sediment to the northwest Labrador Sea both times; the flux was ± 720 kg/(m2∙ka) during these periods of maximum ice extent. The Laurentide Ice Sheet retreated from its 15 ka position at the shelf break to the inner shelf between 14 and 12 14C ka. Ice-proximal conditions, recognized by relatively light δ18O on near-surface planktonic foraminifera, high detrital carbonate, and benthic foraminiferal faunas (dominated by Elphidium excavatum forma clavata; Cassidulina reniforme), prevailed until at least 10 14C ka. The ice readvanced toward Resolution Basin and across part of Hatton Basin at 11 14C ka. Accelerator mass spectrometry dates on core tops i...


A mean value soot model (MVSM) was developed and validated for the realtime prediction of the raw, engine-out soot emissions from common rail diesel engines. Through the
 consideration of five representative states during the combustion cycle, the developed MVSM determines the engine out soot emissions based on the soot formation and oxidation processes, using
 only parameters available from a standard engine control unit. 16 model parameters are used to describe the engine, fuel, and combustion characteristics, and must be determined for each
 engine and fuel combination. The MVSM was parameterized and validated using the measured soot emissions from two different engines operating with a total of three different fuels. After
 parameterization, the MVSM was capable of qualitatively and quantitatively reproducing the soot emissions for operating points throughout the entire operating map, including for operating
 regimes not considered during the parameterization. From sensitivity analyses, it was found that the calculated soot mass is very dependant on the temperature at intake valve closing, and
 that oxidation is under-represented by the model.


With the advent of the Internet age, the development of digital information technology puts forward higher requirements to the innovative revolution of the library information work. The industry of information work plays an increasingly important role in the domestic information market. Library information work is the mainstream of information service industry. The traditional model of library information management cannot meet the public's spiritual needs in the background of knowledge, difficult to stand still in today's complicated work information system. Therefore, it is urgently needed for library information work to innovate the mechanism, for improving the advantages of library information work in the development of science and technology.


A new remote sensing technique is described here for monitoring the vertical distribution of the intensity of atmospheric turbulence. The technique has several applications, including improving the performance of adaptive optics systems, prediction of laser beam degradation on long distance propagation paths, and site surveys for astronomy. The physical phenomenon underlying this method is caused by phase fluctuations, and as a result, this method does not saturate with increasing refractive index structure characteristic Cn2 or with distance, and it is not affected by variations in the inner scale of turbulence. This method permits us to measure both the vertical profile of Cn2 and an anizotropy coefficient of the atmospheric turbulence. Estimates of expected measured quantities are obtained, and they show that the proposed technique could be realized with existing optical systems.


During late summer and fall the tidal freshwater reaches of the estuaries of Elbe and Weser are dominated by the autochthonous Actinocyclus normanii, a large centric diatom which forms up to 95 % of phytoplankton biomass (Schuchardt, to be published). In spite of much work that has been done on phytoplankton dynamics in the outer reaches of estuaries, seaward of high suspended matter (SPM) concentrations (Cloern, 1987), only few studies have focussed on phytoplankton dynamics and the controlling processes within the tidal freshwater reaches.


By using the analytical method of the dynamic pattern of groundwater level and using many years' groundwater level data in Yunnan area,the result show that: ① There is a certain proportional relation between annual variation amplitude of Yunnan area groundwater level and intensity of future earthquakes,especially when maximum variation proportion of groundwater level in some year up and down amplitude 0.35 or -0.35,the second year will have MS≥6 intensity earthquakes;② Groundwater level anomalies corresponding to earthquakes show regional characteristics.The water level corresponds to earthquakes in northeast and northwest Yunnan area is mainly going up,but southwest and west Yunnan area is going down;③ Since 2000 year,most MS≥5 earthquakes in Yunnan area take place in groundwater level great gradient belt near extremum area or secondary extremum area of previous year groundwater level up and down.


Internal pressure in a building depends on the size and location of openings, porosity, building volume and flexibility. The combination of internal and external pressures generate net wind loads on structural elements based on the correlation of the internal and external pressures. The correlation of internal and external pressures depends on the location of cladding elements and openings in the envelope with respect to the wind direction. The correlations of pressures on the roof and wall structural elements obtained from 1:200 scale model building study showed that external and internal pressures near the dominant opening are well correlated and different correlations of external and internal pressures were identified on the building wall and roof claddings.


Objective:To investigate the association between HLA- DQA1*0201 and psoriasis vulgaris in Baotou Hans.Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to analyze the frequency of HLA-DQA1*0201 among 64 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 63 healthy persons. Results:HLA-DQA1*0201 was markedly correlated to psoriasis vulgaris.There is no difference in distribution between patients with positive and negative family history.Conclusion: HLA-DQA1*0201 is associated with psoriasis vulgaris in Baotou Hans.


This study compares the performance of banks that are part of a financial holding company (FHC banks) with that of banks that are not (independent banks) using Taiwan data from 2002:Q1 to 2006:Q2. The comparisons are based on 14 performance ratios resulting from the concept of CAMEL (which is an acronym for Capital adequacy, Asset quality, Management efficiency, Earnings ability, and Liquidity sufficiency). To ensure that becoming part of an FHC is a random process, we used four matching methods to select the controlled banks so that the characteristic variables of banks in the two groups are statistically indifferent. By using the data before matching, it was found that FHC banks significantly defeat independent banks, regardless of their performance ratios. Conversely, when the sample was used after the matching, the results changed dramatically. Although FHC banks still beat the independent banks in terms of capital adequacy, asset quality, and liquidity sufficiency, FHC banks and independent banks are found to have equal profitability and management efficiency. Earlier studies that do not consider the endogeneity problem tend to overestimate the joining effect.


A redundant steering mechanism for a craft, especially an aircraft, comprises redundant control components which become effective when the normal steering com ponents become disabled as a result of an electrical power supply failure. The redundant control compo nents do not affect the normal control system but are effective even if the electrical power supply of the craft should fail. The redundant control components are operated by a hydraulic or pneumatic medium acting as a signal carrier. The control signal is a multicomponent signal, one component of which is derived from the pilot's control stick and other signal components are derived from such factors as the speed, the angle of attack and so forth. These signal components are super imposed to form the mechanical emergency control signal for operating a hydraulic or pneumatic steering element.


PURPOSE: To obtain the drilling device which exactly and rapidly transplants the artificial ligament without hindering the bending and stretching of the knee in correspondence to the damage of the front or rear cruciform ligament within the knee joint. CONSTITUTION: The thighbone or tibia is so fixed as to be clamped by providing a curvilinear hooking part 4 curved to enclose the position of an isometric point at one end of the arch type fixing frame 2 of a fixing frame body 1, providing a small hole 5 behind this curvilinear hooking part, providing a cylindrical body 6 for guiding aligned in the axial center to a small hole 5 at the other end and moving and adjusting a cylindrical body 3 for fixing inserted into the cylindrical body 6 for guiding via an adjusting ring 11 screwed into the spiral groove part 7 of the cylindrical body 6 for guiding. The hole for the artificial ligament is bored by means of a drill, a reamer for a bone plug and a reamer for the ligament, etc., utilizing the fixing frame body 1 and the kircshnner wire detained in the small hole 5. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


Abstract The coronavirus pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine have exposed the vulnerability of the food systems of import-dependent countries to supply chain disruptions. This study measured the short-term external cereal supply risks for the United Arab Emirates (UAE) by applying the Herfindahl–Hirschman Concentration Index (HHI) and the Shannon–Wiener Diversity Index (SWI) during 2012–2020. We measured the security of UAE's external cereal supplies by taking the degree of UAE's cereal import dependency, the level of political- and business-related risks of UAE's cereal supplying countries, and the distance between UAE and its supplying countries into account. The results of the index values generally imply that UAE's cereal external supply risk has been low during the sample period. However, the external wheat supply risk has increased since 2017. This was mainly attributable to UAE's increasing dependence on less secured countries, i.e. countries with higher levels of risk assessment values such as Russia. UAE has heavily been dependent on one or two, mostly price competitive, sources for its cereal imports, which also raises the external cereal supply risk. The UAE's increasing dependence on Russia as the main source of cereals and the increasing consolidation of sources pose a serious threat to sustaining food security.


One of the requirements for strong subbandgap photon absorption in the quantum-dot intermediate-band solar cell (QD-IBSC) is the partial filling of the intermediate band. Studies have shown that the partial filling of the intermediate band can be achieved by introducing Si doping to the QDs. However, the existence of too many Si dopants leads to the formation of point defects and, hence, a reduction of photocurrent. In this study, the effect of Si doping on InAs/GaAs QD solar cells with AlAs cap layers is studied. The AlAs cap layers prevent the formation of the wetting layer during QD growth and reduce the Si doping density needed to achieve QD state filling. Furthermore, the passivation of defect states in the QD with moderate Si doping is demonstrated, which leads to an enhancement of the carrier lifetime in the QDs and, hence, the open-circuit voltage.


Introduction Previous neuroimaging studies of individuals with nonsyndromic oral clefts have revealed subtle brain structural differences compared to matched controls. Additional studies strongly suggest that the higher incidence of neuropsychiatric issues observed in these individuals may be explained by these neuroanatomical differences. Currently there are no studies that have assessed the overall empirical evidence of the effect of oral clefts on the brain. Objectives Our aim was to summarize available evidence on potential brain structure differences in individuals with nonsyndromic oral clefts and their matched controls. In the current presentation, we discuss the results of regional brain structural differences. Methods Five databases were systematically searched in September 2020 for case-control studies that reported neuroimaging in healthy individuals and individuals with nonsyndromic oral clefts. Duplicate study selection, data extraction, random effects meta-analyses of mean differences (MDs) and their 95% confidence intervals were performed in order to compare regional brain MRI volumes. Results We have identified 245 records following the database searches, from which 12 records met the inclusion criteria. Quantitative data on brain structure were available in three studies.The cerebellum, occipital and temporal lobes were significantly smaller in the cleft group compared to controls (MD: -12.46, 95% CI: -18.26, -6.67, n=3 studies; MD:-7.39, 95% CI: -12.80, -1.99, n=2 studies; MD: -10.53, 95% CI: -18.23, -2.82, n=2 studies, respectively). Conclusions There may be structural brain differences between individuals with nonsyndromic oral clefts and their controls based on the available evidence. Disclosure No significant relationships.


ABSTRACT The paper seeks to analyze how the Turkish Constitutional Court has resolved sexual orientation and gender identity cases and constructed the LGBT+ subject in constitutional terms in its initial forays into this controversy-laden issue. It suggests that, although the Court missed a landmark moment for the protection of sexual minorities, the recognition of sexual orientation as a ground of discrimination in the case law of the Court represents an important step as it appears to have opted for proceeding in a piecemeal fashion in recognizing LGBT+ rights.


The determination of warrants for bridge railing and approach guardrails is a fundamental roadside safety issue. These are specialized roadside safety barriers that are intended to capture and smoothly redirect errant vehicles that leave the roadway either on the bridge itself or on the approach to the bridge. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) requires tested bridge rails and approach guardrails on all National Highway System (NHS) Roadways. However, states are given the discretion to develop their own policies for non-NHS roads. Currently in Kansas, all bridges constructed with federal funds are required to have one of the Kansas Department of Transportation's (KDOT) standard bridge rails (either corral rail or barrier curb) and approach guardrail (including transition and end treatment). These systems are expensive in terms of the initial cost of a bridge and they have additional safety and maintenance considerations that may outweigh the expected safety benefits on many low-volume applications. In an effort to maximize the safety benefits of the limited funding, KDOT undertook the effort outlined in this report to establish practical risk-based guidelines and policies for bridge rails and guardrails on low-volume local roads.


Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death over the world. Detecting and identifying malignant nodules on chest computed tomography (CT) plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have been developed to identify lung nodules. However, the problem of a high false positive rate is still not well solved. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-task convolutional neural network (MT-CNN) framework to identify malignant nodules from benign nodules on chest CT scans. MT-CNN learns three-dimensional (3-D) lung nodule characteristics from nine two-dimensional (2-D) views, which are decomposed from different angles of each nodule. Each of 2-D MT-CNN model consists of two branches, one is the nodule classification branch (main task) and the other is the image reconstruction branch (auxiliary task). The motivation of the auxiliary task is to preserve more microscopic information in the hierarchical structure of CNN, which is beneficial to malignant nodule identification. The final classification result is obtained by integrating nine 2-D models. We test our method on the benchmark LUNA-16 and LIDC-IDRI datasets and compare it with state-of-the-art models. MT-CNN achieves the lowest false positive rate (3.2%) and highest AUC (97.3%) in LUNA-16 dataset and achieves an AUC of 95.59% in LIDC-IDRI. These results demonstrate the advantage of our method.


The lower part of the spectrum of the Helmholtz equation for a heterogeneous system in a finite region in $d$ dimensions, where the solutions to the corresponding homogeneous system are known, can be systematically approximated by means of iterative methods. These methods only require the specification of an arbitrary ansatz and converge to the desired solution, regardless of the strength of the inhomogeneities, provided the ansatz has a finite overlap with it. In this paper, different boundary conditions at the borders of the domain are assumed, and some applications are used to illustrate the methods.


The aim of this study is to examine the results of physiotherapy in a patient with critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP) due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The 48-year-old male patient with CIP due to COVID-19 was enrolled in a physiotherapy program for 3 months with 5 sessions/week. Pain intensity, motor skills, daily living activities, fatigue level, cognitive status, and decubitus ulcer were evaluated with a visual analogue scale, the Medical Research Council-Sum Score, the Functional Independence Scale, the Fatigue Severity Scale, the Standardized Mini-Mental Test, and pressure wound staging, respectively. Positive improvements were achieved in functional level, fatigue, pain, and pressure sores with the physiotherapy program for this patient with CIP due to COVID-19. This report provides an idea about the effects of physiotherapy programs for COVID-19-related CIP to academics and clinicians working in this field.


We report a new structure of electrostatically addressable and latchable multi-slit shutter array for the astronomical spectrograph with an improved optical and electromechanical performance using the electroplated visors.


During epididymal transit, mammalian spermatozoa acquire new surface antigens that may participate in gamete interaction. We have previously described a 26 kDa (P26h) epididymal hamster sperm protein that is proposed to be involved in fertilization. We have also identified its human homolog, P34H. Variability in the amount of P34H on spermatozoa from fertile and idiopathic infertile men provides strong evidence that this protein is a potential marker of male fertility. Since these sperm antigens constitute a family of proteins with common antigenicity, we have investigated the presence of a related protein in bovine sperm. In the present study, a P26h antiserum recognized two bull sperm proteins of 21 kDa and 25 kDa (MW) on SDS‐PAGE. We showed that P25b could be extracted with detergent as a surface protein, whereas the P21b was associated with non‐soluble intracellular structures. Sonication of whole sperm cell suspensions and subsequent Percoll gradient centrifugation revealed that P21b may be a flagellar protein whereas the P25b may be located in the head region. Western blot analysis was used to determine the amount of P25b and P21b proteins present on spermatozoa obtained from fertile and subfertile bulls. P21b protein levels were similar in fertile and subfertile bulls, but P25b protein levels were variable. Thus, all bulls with high Non‐Return Rates (fertile bulls) demonstrated high amounts of P25b, whereas P25b levels were decreased in semen from subfertile bulls. We conclude that the protein P25b is a potential fertility marker in the bull and consequently may provide an invaluation tool for the evaluation of bull fertility. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 52:57–65, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


We compare volatility and transaction costs for National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (NASDAQ) and New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) firms after decimalization. Using the data of May 2001, our study includes several large samples are matched based on key determinants of volatility and transaction costs. Our findings suggest that volatility on NASDAQ is much higher than on NYSE even after the recent market reforms and decimalization. Transaction costs measured by quoted and effective spreads remain significantly higher on NASDAQ than on NYSE, and these differences cannot be attributed to the differences in the characteristics of the stocks traded in the two markets. In addition, the frequency of small (large) trades inside the quotes is significantly greater (lower) on NYSE than on NASDAQ.


The options for tattoo removal are more numerous and more effective than ever. Picosecond technology, quad treatments, Perfluorodecalin, macrophage targeting, and Q-switched lasers allow people with ink regret more effective ways to return their skin to pre-tat status.


The equation of state for total pressure of liquids derived earlier1 from the concept of sound propagation through liquids is applied for deriving an expression for relaxational compressional modulus. The compressional stress applied is considered to be equal to the total pressure of the liquid and the corresponding compressional strain is assessed from the knowledge of the low-frequency compressional moduls. To discuss the sinusoidal compression of the medium, since the equations considered for the variation of the applied stress with time


Depression is a common but serious illness that should not be overlooked due to its morbidity and burden. This paper provides a review of the literature on depression and emphasises some important issues of the condition. The studies were identified using electronic databases, yielding a review on key issues like definition, symptoms, outcomes and treatments of depression, and its research studies in Malaysia. Findings revealed that recent studies have started to focus on both physical and psychological symptoms of depression, its impairment in functional well-being, as well as common treatments ranging from biomedical to psychological and psychoanalytic approaches. Thus far, a very limited research has been conducted concerning major depressive adults' healing experiences and, to a lesser extent, young people. Further exploration is urgently needed to close the considerable research gap.


The transport system of the city (agglomeration) is complex, and consists of a set of stochastic functioning elements. It allows choosing the theory of macro-systems, which investigates appearance of the determined behavior at the level of "system as a whole" as the main theoretical basis. The theory in this paper extends for the transport systems dynamic models development and separate processes or elements of them. Thus, there is an opportunity to find not only equilibrium conditions of systems, but also transition processes. Separate elements can have the properties of so-called "active particles", the plenty of which creates conditions to the cooperative behavior.


A procedure for estimating the balance reliability of an electric power system using the notion of expected shortage of power capacity is considered.


The invention discloses an intelligent cloud kitchen display for catering. The intelligent cloud kitchen display for catering comprises an information processing module, a wireless communication module, a display module and a radio frequency identification module, wherein the wireless communication module is used for receiving ordering information sent by a front-desk ordering system and sending real-time state information of a dish production to the front-desk ordering system; the information processing module processes dish information received by the wireless communication module; the display module displays the dish information; and the radio frequency identification module is used for reading information of a radio frequency label on the dish. The intelligent cloud kitchen display for catering, disclosed by the invention, has the advantages of realizing electronization of menus in the kitchen and intelligent management for real-time updating of the dish state, improving work efficiency and lowering operating cost.