OBJECTIVE
Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Risk Index is a risk stratification model developed to determine the prognosis in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients who underwent fibrinolytic therapy. The information on the effectiveness of Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Risk Index in patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention is limited. This study aimed to demonstrate the predictive value of Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Risk Index on clinical outcomes in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and subsequently undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

METHODS
A total of 963 patients who presented with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and subsequently underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention were reviewed retrospectively. The discriminative power of Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Risk Index for each outcome of congestive heart failure, death, stroke, and myocardial infarction within 1 month and 1 year after admission was assessed.

RESULTS
Congestive heart failure, death, stroke, and myocardial infarction, and the major adverse cardiac events, which is the composite outcome thereof, were higher in the patient groups with high Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Risk Index values (P < .05). Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Risk Index was an independent predictor of the following outcomes: 1-month survival rate [odds ratio:1.054 (1.036-1.073)], 1-year survival rate [odds ratio:1.048 (1.031-1.065)], hospitalization rate due to congestive heart failure within 1 month [odds ratio:1.041(1.026-1.057)], and within 1 year [odds ratio:1.040 (1.024-1.055)]. The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Risk Index level was found to have good discriminative power for 1-month mortality and 1-year mortality rates (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Risk Index: 22.76, C-statistic: 0.71-0.68, respectively).

CONCLUSION
The results of this study indicated that Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Risk Index value is an independent predictor of clinical outcomes such as death and heart failure but not subsequent myocardial infarction in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients. The use of Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Risk Index can be considered in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention as it is an easily applicable and important indicator of prognosis.


A module M with Krull dimension is said to satisfy the large condition if for any essential submodule L of M, the Krull dimension of M/L is strictly less than the Krull dimension of M. Fora right noetherian ring R with Krull dimension a this is equivalent to the condition that every f.g. uniform submodule of E(RR) with Krull dimension a is critical. It is also shown that if R is right noetherian with Krull dimension a and if Io is a right ideal maximal with respect to K dim Io < a, then R satisfies the large condition if and only if Io is a finite intersection of cocritical right ideals and Io is closed.


Recent studies have shown that various ultrasonic wave mixing techniques can be exploited for assessing the nonlinearity of both intact and damaged materials. It has been reported that one particular type of ultrasonic wave mixing, non-collinear shear wave mixing, is sensitive to the excess nonlinearity caused by plastic deformation and low-cycle fatigue in Al2014-T4 aluminum alloy. In this study we investigated the feasibility of using the same non-collinear shear wave mixing technique to detect plastic deformation and fatigue damage in fully hardened IN718 engine alloy specimens. We implemented numerous technical improvements over the earlier developed non-collinear shear wave mixing system to improve its detection sensitivity and image resolution. In spite of these enhancements, we found that in fully hardened IN718 this technique is sensitive only to plastic deformation and, to a much lesser degree, to highly accelerated low-cycle fatigue, but it is not sensitive to either typical low-cycle fatigue or...


The present invention relates to a machine for through under pressure and dispensing a beverage extract prepared food substance housed in the capsule, the machine may be operated in a number of drinks supplied continuously in standalone mode. The machine includes a capsule extraction module for receiving (10), for supplying water to the extraction module adiabatic reservoir (4), pump (3) and a power supply means (50,6,94), the power supply device configured to include a low-voltage battery (50) to the pumping power; the reservoir comprises heating means, which heating means comprises an electrical element (81) powered by a battery.


Itching and irritation are common among those exposed to environmental glass fibre (1), but we are unaware of any documentation of the environmental fibre levels required. We report the results of environmental monitoring of glass fibre in air during the repair of glass-fibreinsulated ceiling pipes in a computer laboratory. Area samples were collected on the 1st of 2 days of repair work, using a pump connected to an "openfaced" Millipore aerosol analysis monitor (25 mm), containing a mixed cellulose ester membrane filter (0.8 ,urn). Sampling units were placed in 3 locations (Fig. 1), and rate of sampling was set at 2 litres per min for 6 h. Samples collected were examined under phase-contrast microscopy at 400Xmagnification and counted in accordance with NIOSH analytical method No. P & CAM 239. Results are summarized in Table I. 2 computer laboratory technicians, stationed in the laboratory during the repairs, felt itching on the arms and neck, as well as conjunctival irritation. However, there were no overt clinical signs, and symptoms resolved within a day. The ACGIH threshold limit value (time-weighted average) for fibrous glass (2) dust is 10 mg/m3, the same as that for a nuisance-type dust. However, as it is fibres that cause symptoms, we believe that a fibre-in-air count may be a more appropriate environmental measure in this context (Table 1). This incident demonstrates that relatively low fibre-inair levels can cause transient skin and mucous membrane symptoms in previously unexposed, "unhardened" individuals.


The paper reports a case study which was conducted during the doctoral research by the author. It aimed to find out the relevance of user education programme in academic libraries to the teaching and learning process. Data for the study was collected through the questionnaires, interviews with the library user-education specialists, other library staff, students and faculty. The multidisciplinary approach was applied to investigate the library's activities in providing user education to new students. It emerged from the findings that for students to become truly information literate, the best way is to integrate the user education programmes into the university's core curriculum.


The characteristic scale of flow in micro–nanochannels is generally in the range of 0.01  μm∼1  μm. When crude oil passes through micro-nano channels and tight reservoirs, it shows obvious nonlinear seepage characteristics, which does not conform to the continuity assumption of fluid. Therefore, a non-Newtonian model of crude oil flowing in micro-nano channels and tight reservoirs under the action of shear stress is established, and the relationship between flow rate and apparent viscosity and shear rate is analyzed. The experiment of crude oil flow in micro-nano channels and tight oil reservoir cores shows that the model can be used to describe the nonlinear seepage law of liquid through the nonlinear fitting. The power law index of the oil-phase power-law non-Newtonian fluid is greater than 1 at the micro-nano scale, which conforms to the flow characteristics of the expansive fluid, thus verifying the effectiveness of the non-Newtonian model. In addition, the study of apparent viscosity and shear rate of non-Newtonian fluid shows that the increasing and decreasing trends of flow rate and shear rate and the changing trends of flow rate and pressure gradient are consistent, and shear rate can be used to describe the characteristics of fluid instead of the pressure gradient.


Visual symbol refers to the visual elements and their inter relations of oil paintings and it is the presentation form of oil paintings.Visual symbols have their specific functions and the functions also exist between the symbols.Different explanations of the visual symbols and their inter relation form different styles of oil paintings.Spiritul direction refers to the fact that the creating subject uses art thinking to express the drection of thinking and feeling and it is the core of the creation.Specifc oil painting style needs specific spiritual direction.The formation of the creation style of oil paintings must be the result of the organic unification,interplay between visual symbols and spiritual directions.The connotation of visual symbols and spiritual direction varies with the development of the times and the art styles of the artists also change accordingly.\;


In China, the proposal and construction of nature reserves has gone through a history from scratch, from small to large, from single to comprehensive journey. So far, China's nature reserves have initially formed a national network of nature reserves with complete types, reasonable planning and sound functions net. However, with the changes of the times, China's original relevant nature protection laws and regulations can no longer adapt to the development of the times, and it seems to be lagging. after. Whether it is central legislation or local legislation, its shortcomings are gradually prominent, and it is necessary to improve the overall system construction and finish in legislation. Good classification systems, balancing the interests of protected areas and local communities and building inter-ministerial processes for more effective coordination and communication management.


As of 1 January 2016, the population of Malaysia was estimated to be 30 572 466 people. Between 2010 and 2040, Malaysians aged 60 years and above are projected to increase more than three folds of the 2010 population. The older adults who stay alone will feel so lonely and no longer have social lives like they used to be when they were younger. A robot is introduced in the life of the older adults to emulate feeling of closeness to their children or their friend. The robot becomes their friend to make them feel happy. Past research has highlighted the importance of emotion and social characteristics as human attribute to machine as a result from machine behaviour. Nevertheless, no study was done focusing on the eastern culture, such as from the perspective of Malay ethnicity, where similar concern exists in emotion, social characteristic, and robot with aging population. Hence, this paper report an investigation for robot interaction to help older adults who are lonely to have a better Quality of Live (QoL). There were 12 older adults involved in this research to determine response of the older adults towards robot interaction. The method used was interview with 2 caregivers for care house information and questionnaire to 12 older adults aged 60 years old and above. The questionnaire is based on older adults perception after watch a different video of robot. Result from the questionnaire shows that most of the older adults agree that robot can be their companion in daily lives and help reduce their loneliness. This study also found that majority of the older adults preferred humanoid robot instead of pet robot. This found will be used for the next objective with a real robot. The result provides insights of the benefit use of robot in the older adults lives to stimulate positive emotion for a better QoL.


With the method of dynamics, the differential equation of the rigid rod and slippery body is introduced; the formulas between the angle velocity and angle acceleration of rod and interactive force between rod and slippery body and swinging angle are derived; the formula calculating the period of vibration is given; the variation curve of the interactive force between rod and slippery body changing with angle coordinate and the variation curve of period of changing with angle amplitude are produced with the software of Matlab.


Objective: To observe the changes in apolipoprotein of patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA) in active phase.Methods: The apolipoprotein A1(ApoA1),ApoB and ApoA1/ApoB were detected in 60 patients with RA in active phase(active group),20 patients with RA in remission phase(remission group),and 20 normal controls(normal control group).The correlation between ApoA1,ApoB and lipid,protein metabolism,activity indicators,clinical symptoms,self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),self-rating depression scale(SDS),quality of life and social support of 60 cases of RA in active phase was analyzed.Results:(1) The ApoA1 level in active group was significantly declined as compared with normal control group,and 21 cases(35%) of RA in active group had a decreased ApoA1.(2) ApoA1 was positively correlated with age and the total score of social support rating scale,but negatively correlated with anorexia.ApoB was positively correlated with age and SDS standard scores,and ApoA1/B was negatively correlated with SDS standard scores.(3) ApoA1 was positively correlated with total cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein,prealbumin,total protein and albumin,but negatively correlated with ESR,α1-AGP.ApoB was positively correlated with triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein.Conclusion: There is abnormal lipid metabolism in patients with active RA,which is related to RA inflammation activity,depression and protein metabolism,etc.


From the evolution of the objectives of reservoir water resources regulation, an introduction is given to the development of the strategies and policies for water resources regulation in China and in the United States of America. It is pointed out that the current modes of water resources regulation, which are performed under the guidance of comprehensive strategies in the two countries, are both developed from their multipurpose stage. Then an optimal regulation strategy for China, with the improvement of ecosystem and environment concerned, is put forward. Through case studies, some measures are proposed for improvement of the comprehensive benefits in reservoir water resources regulation in the Yangtze River Basin. For an example, measures of full study of flood characteristics and regulation of reservoir capacity according to the different stages of floods are taken in water resources regulation of the Danjiangkou Reservoir so as to obtain great economic benefits. In the regulation of the Three-Gorges Reservoir, besides the emphasis placed on the flood control for Jingjiang area, a compensatory water resources regulation measure is performed for Chenglingji area. Moreover, there are still some other measures, such as the stagger flood peak regulation of reservoir water resources for cutting off flood volume in the main stream of the Yangtze River in 1998's flood and stagger flood peak water diversion for pollutant scouring in a river of Sichuan Province.


Compact 14-MeV proton and 7-MeV deuteron linacs for use in positron emission tomography (PET) have been studied, and conceptual designs for low-energy beam transport (LEBT), radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ), and drift tube linacs (DTL) have been achieved. The machines are compact and simple enough to be operated in hospitals. The LEBTs consist of two Einzel lenses and are about 25-cm long. The 425-MHz proton RFQ is designed for 50-mA peak current, and the 425-MHz deuteron RFQ is designed for 25-mA peak current. Both 850-MHz DTLs use permanent quadrupole magnets and have a high acceleration field of 15 MV/m with a peak field of twice the Kilpatrick limit.<<ETX>>


Training robust clinical speech-based models that generalize requires large sample sizes because speech is variable and high-dimensional. Researchers have turned to foundational models, such as the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), to generate lower-dimensional embeddings, and then finetuned the models for a specific down-stream clinical task. While there is empirical evidence that this approach is helpful, a recent study reveals that the embeddings generated by BERT models tend to be highly correlated, which makes the downstream models difficult to fine-tune, particularly in the small sample size regime. In this work, we propose a new regularization scheme to penalize correlated embeddings during fine tuning of BERT and apply the approach to speech-based assessment of cognitive impairment. Compared to existing methods, the proposed method yields lower estimation errors and smaller false alarm rates in a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score regression task.


A two-stage double-suction pump high pressure and temperature processes, comprising a pump body (8), the drive end of the pump cover (11), the non-drive end cover (6), the shaft (15), an impeller (7,9), installed in a bearing housing (3,19) at both ends of the pump, two impellers (7,9) are placed in the pump body (8) of the two scroll chamber, wherein: the shaft (15) at both ends by bearings (2, 14) supporting the bearings (2, 14) by adjusting the spacer (27), an inner ring spacer (28), a locking nut (29) fixed to the shaft (15) via a bearing cap (4,13) and a bearing cover (1, 16) fixed to the bearing housing (3,19), the impeller (7,9) by a key (23, 22) of the impeller cover (20) fixedly secured to the shaft (15) stop, the drive end of the pump cover (11) (6) in each portion of the inlet flow passage and the non-drive end cover of the pump, with the pump (8) together form a complete suction chamber. Double-suction impellers arranged in series, increase lift, the maximum axial force balance; oil lubrication bearings, the pump flow to 10000m3 / h, head to 450m, the operating temperature to 450 ℃.


The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of project-based learning with LMS Moodle towards the students' achievement of creative thinking abilities and self regulated learning, and describe how to students' achievement of creative thinking abilities and self regulated learning. This study uses mixed methods research with concurrent embedded designs. The population in this study were students of senior high school class X at Putra Nirmala Cirebon of 2017/2018 academic year. Data collection techniques used in this study are observation, tests, and interviews. The research subjects were taken based on students' early mathematical abilities categories, namely above, middle and bottom categories. The findings showed that project-based learning with LMS Moodle was effective to the students' achievement of creative thinking abilities and self regulated learning. Overall, the students' achievement of creative thinking abilities and self regulated learning who using project-based learning with LMS Moodle is better than students who using conventional learning. As for contribution (Effect Size) project-based learning with LMS Moodle towards the students' achievement of creative thinking abilities which are equal to 0.85 while self regulated learning is 0.95. The category of achievement of creative thinking ability and self regulated learning are included in the high category.


Single science about human sex differentiation is not developed yet and its scientific aspects are decided on the level of gender researches, which describe specific side of interpersonal relations. This problem is important because human health becomes worse especially among male part. Human adaptation, like adaptive changeability of organism is relevant for migrating population (Siberia regions and the Far East). All these facts are the reason for ecological anthropology development.


Knowledge of the skin dose from radiodiagnostic investigations enables the calculation of doses to other organs. The measurement of skin doses and their subsequent translation to organ doses by application of appropriate organ-to-skin dose ratios is less cumbersome, more generally applicable, and more acceptable to the patient than direct estimations of organ dose using intracavitary measurements. Although organ doses can alternatively be calculated from recorded beam characteristics in conjunction with tissue-air ratios, or by employing Monte Carlo photon transport models, it is not always possible to obtain all the necessary physical data for such calculations during fluoroscopy using equipment with automatic brightness control, or with falling-load generators. Actual dose measurement is indicated in such situations.


New updated! The latest book from a very famous author finally comes out. Book of autoritt in der familie ein beitrag zum problem schichtenspezifischer sozialisation, as an amazing reference becomes what you need to get. What's for is this book? Are you still thinking for what the book is? Well, this is what you probably will get. You should have made proper choices for your better life. Book, as a source that may involve the facts, opinion, literature, religion, and many others are the great friends to join with.


Most numerical weather prediction models rely on a terrain-following coordinate framework. The computational mesh is thus characterized by inhomogeneities with scales determined by the underlying topography. Such inhomogeneities may affect the truncation error of numerical schemes. In this study, a new class of terrainfollowing coordinate systems for use in atmospheric prediction models is proposed. Unlike conventional systems, the new smooth level vertical (SLEVE) coordinate yields smooth coordinates at mid- and upper levels. The basic concept of the new coordinate is to employ a scale-dependent vertical decay of underlying terrain features. The decay rate is selected such that small-scale topographic variations decay much faster with height than their large-scale counterparts. This generalization implies a nonlocal coordinate transformation. The new coordinate is tested and compared against standard sigma and hybrid coordinate systems using an idealized advection test. It is demonstrated that the presence of coordinate transformations induces substantial truncation errors. These are critical for grid inhomogeneities with wavelengths smaller than approximately eight grid increments, and may overpower the regular-grid truncation error of the underlying finite-difference approximation. These results are confirmed by a theoretical analysis of the truncation error. In addition, the new coordinate is tested in idealized and real-case numerical experiments using a nonhydrostatic model. The simulations using the new coordinate yield a substantial reduction of small-scale noise in dynamical and thermodynamical model fields.


This paper introduces a tool \Bonsai which supports human in annotating corpora with morphosyntactic information, and in retrieving syntactic structures stored in the database. Integrating annotation and retrieval enables users to annotate a new instance while looking back at the already annotated sentences which share the similar morphosyntactic structure. We focus on the retrieval part of the system, and describe a method to decompose a large input query into smaller ones in order to gain retrieval efficiency. The proposed method is evaluated with the Penn Treebank corpus, showing significant improvements.


The USA–China trade confrontation has become a major concern for all the nations involved in international trade. The retaliatory trade policies taken by both of these major trading nations have generated widespread impact among the trading nations especially on the developing and emerging nations. In this chapter, the macro-theoretic model is developed to show how a trade war can potentially arise in the wake of economic downturn led by some demand contracting force in one of the countries having trade ties and in turn can cause the recession to leap into global turmoil. This may prompt the countries to be more protective and averse to international exchange, thereby paving way to more intense trade frictions among the nations and stoking international macroeconomic propagation. Thus, the present introspection hints at tariff war among the nations engaged in restricted trade with each other being a plausible consequence of macroeconomic fault having cross-country repercussion implication and that in turn becomes more pronounced in the present tariff war leading to more fierce trade frictions among the countries.


Escherichia coli O157:H7, (EHEC), is associated with consumption of ground beef or raw milk. Illnesses caused by EHEC infections can range from self-limited watery diarrhea to life-threating manifestations such as haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). The lack of efficient selective enrichment medium for EHEC, reduces the sensitivity and specificity of the conventional cultural method (CCM). Immunomagnetic separation (IMS) using Dynabeads® anti-E. coli O157:H7 represents the selective enrichment procedure needed to improve the CCM. On the other hand, measuring the light given off by the reaction of ATP with luciferase+luciferin reagent in relative light units (RLU), indicates the count of EHEC. In this study, the combination of immunomagnetic separation and ATP bioluminescence methods were used in the detection and enumeration of EHEC in buffer solution, respectively. As a result, correlation coefficient between EHEC count obtained by CCM and ATP bioluminescence method is found as r = 0.8308 which is an acceptable value for such a study. La separation immunomagnetique avec les Dynabeads® anti-E.coli O157 :H7 (enrichissement) suivie de la mesure de la bioluminescence de l'ATP permettent de detecter et de denombrer les E.coli O157:H7 enterohemorrhagiques dans une solution tampon.


This essay examines alternative strategies available to developing countries in the face of structural barriers impeding conventional economic growth. One of these avenues is through sport. The exploitation of sport for purposes of development are turned on their head by the efforts of the author to inculcate a sense of civic duty in return for sporting opportunities above and beyond what could normally be expected. Through the enticement of sporting equipment not readily available, the author has made an attempt to impede the spread of HIV/AIDS through Malawi. Conversely, through notions of a social conscience, various international contacts of the author have been persuaded to aid his fight. These mutually reinforcing behaviours have spread hope to the region, and are serving as a model for similar programmes in places such as Mexico. Special attention is also paid to the careful considerations relating to the often sensitive political situation in Malawi, and the pitfalls attached to a civic organization navigating that terrain.


Abstract : Representative data are presented concerning the spectral radiance of the horizon sky for wavelengths between 300 and 420 nm at three observation azimuths at different times of the day under various meteorological conditions. The measurements were made over water at the Chesapeake Bay. The radiance values were usually between 3 and 8 microW/sq cm sr nm in the 350-400 nm region during the middle of the day. (Author)


The growth of epitaxial GaAs doped with the rare earth thulium (Tm) by MBE is reported for the first time. The nature of the incorporation of Tm has been studied using SIMS, RBS, TEM, PL and DCXRD. Sharp doping profiles have been observed by SIMS from samples doped in a staircase structure. Under standard GaAs growth conditions, TEM has revealed a solubility limit of ∼5×10 19 cm −3 , above which Tm precipitates as spherical nano-particles of uniform size (1.3–1.7nm). High resolution TEM has provided no evidence for strain relaxation around these precipitates. Growth at higher substrate temperatures (≥620°C) or at As:Ga ratios close to stoichiometry, results in the formation of precipitate wires and/or bifurcated structures ("quantum trees") aligned approximately in the direction of growth. Such behaviour is in common with that of Er in GaAs and suggests that the precipitates result from the self-organised growth of TmAs. Mechanisms for the formation of the quantum wires and trees are suggested. Initial photoluminescence spectra from these samples show two groups of narrow Tm 3+ intra 4f transition lines corresponding to the 3 H 5 – 3 H 6 (∼1.01eV/1.2μm) and 3 H 4 – 3 H 6 (∼ 0.71eV/1.7μm) transitions. The spectra exhibit an excellent correlation with those obtained from samples grown by MOVPE and also those implanted with Tm by other groups.


The aim
of this study was to investigate the effect of the food wastes compost (FWC)
and its non-aerated fermented extract (NFCE) on seed germination and growth of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), watercress
(Nasturtium officinale),
chili pepper (Capsicum annuum),
peas (Pisum sativum L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and beans (Vicia faba) under greenhouse
conditions. The FWC and NFCE were physico-chemically and microbiologically
characterized. The NFCE effect was evaluated on tomato, watercress, and chili
pepper seeds germination and seedling growth. However, for leguminous, pea,
chickpea and bean seedlings, the FWC amended soils and irrigated with NFCE were
tested for plants growth. The results of FWC analyses revealed that FWC has neutral pH, low EC and C/N ratio, with fertilizing
elements (N, P, K and Mg) and lack of phytotoxic effect. The NFCE was
characterized by low EC and relatively high carbon content (COD = 9700 mg/l),
and intense microbial activity, notably mesophilic bacteria. Therefore, in fermented
compost extract, mesophilic bacteria were increased by 225, yeasts by 25 and
molds by 10 times compared to those of the investigated compost. In greenhouse,
the diluted NFCE increased significantly (p< 0.05) germination and growth of the tested seedlings. Used
alone, the FWC amended soil or the NFCE irrigated soil, improved the growth of
tested seedlings. The use of soil amended with compost and irrigated by
fermented compost extract decreased significantly the growth of the same
experimented seedlings. Therefore, the FWC and its fermented extract were a
suitable substrate for germination and growth of the studied seeds.


For the field maintenance of high-current ZnO arresters,an on-line resistive current tester is designed for it.The 0-20 mA current transducer and voltage transformer are developed.The methodology and technology of resistive current test are introduced,including interference prevention by triphase simultaneous measuring,DSP,FFT,etc.The field voltage and current are detected by the current transducer and voltage transformer of tester and,after magnification,filtering and A /D conversion,sent to microprocessor.Control and calculation are carried out by software program and the results are sent for display and printing.Lab test and site test of specially-made ZnO arresters prove that the test data of developed tester are accurate and reliable.


Endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) stimulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) via pulmonary endothelial endothelin B (ETB) receptors and pulmonary intravascular macrophage accumulation with expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) are implicated in experimental hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) after common bile duct ligation (CBDL). Our aim was to evaluate the role of ET‐1 in the development of experimental HPS. The time course of molecular and physiological changes of HPS and the effects of selective endothelin receptor antagonists in vivo were assessed after CBDL. Effects of ET‐1 on intralobar pulmonary vascular segment reactivity and on eNOS expression and activity in rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (RPMVECs) were also evaluated. Hepatic and plasma ET‐1 levels increased 1 week after CBDL in association with a subsequent increase in pulmonary microvascular eNOS and ETB receptor levels and the onset of HPS. Selective ETB receptor inhibition in vivo significantly decreased pulmonary eNOS and ETB receptor levels and ameliorated HPS. CBDL pulmonary artery segments had markedly increased ETB receptor mediated, nitric oxide dependent vasodilatory responses to ET‐1 compared with controls and ET‐1 triggered an ETB receptor dependent stimulation of eNOS in RPMVECs. Pulmonary intravascular macrophages also accumulated after CBDL and expressed HO‐1 and iNOS at 3 weeks. Selective ETB receptor blockade also decreased macrophage accumulation and iNOS production. In conclusion, ET‐1 plays a central role in modulating pulmonary micovascular tone in experimental HPS. (HEPATOLOGY 2004;39:1593–1602.)


Wireless Ad hoc Networks are rapidly growing in popularity because of their flexibility and wide range of applications (Indoor Communications, Intelligent Transportation, Emergency Operations, Public Safety, etc.). However, while it becomes easier to set up such networks, one of the main constraints is the heterogeneity of the nearby devices (or nodes). Moreover, it is still very difficult to make them communicate if these nodes use different routing protocols. In this paper, we present a novel approach that makes use of layer 3 protocols to guarantee interoperability between networks. We introduce the notion of Strip Interoperability, a new mechanism that aims to address this problem by creating a bridge between heterogeneous wireless ad hoc networks. An implementation of our approach through a real case study is shown to illustrate the applicability of our mechanism.


Some polyamides with side chains were prepared using a direct polycondensation reaction between carboxyl groups from O-cinnamoyl-5-hydroxyisophthalic acid and N-cinnamoyl-5-aminoisophthalic acid and various diisocyanates in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine, as catalyst, without use of condensing agents. The polymers were characterized by elemental analysis, viscosimetry, spectroscopic and thermal measurements.

© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry


In Europe coal bottom ash production represents approximately one tenth of coal combustion by-products. About 44% of coal bottom ash is used in the construction sector, but its application as addition in concrete is very low. This study evaluates the influence of replacing cement by bottom ashes or fly ashes, from the same Portuguese coal power station, on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete, namely on workability, compressive strength, accelerated carbonation, chloride diffusion, absorption and capillary porosity. The results revealed that concrete incorporating coal bottom ash have a performance analogous to that of concrete with coal fly ash, although it is necessary to increase the dosage of admixture to control the loss of workability that is generally observed with bottom ash. Coal bottom ash can than be envisaged as a promising addition type II for concrete.


Objective To investigate the expression level and clinical significance of plasma miR- 200 c and miR- 155 in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma( ESCC). Methods 33 ESCC patients confirmed in the First Affitiated Hospital of Zhengzhou University( ESCC group) and 30 healthy people underwent physical examination( control group) from September 2012 to May 2013 were selected. Quantitative real- time polymerase chain reaction( qRT- PCR) was used to detect the plasma miR- 200 c and miR- 155 levels,and the value of the two in diagnosing ESCC was analyzed,as well as the relationship between the two indicators and clinical indexes of ESCC patients. Results The expression levels of plasma miR- 200 c and miR- 155 in ESCC group were significantly higher than that in control group 〔( 13. 87 ± 2. 27) vs.( 2. 43 ± 3. 04);( 8. 09 ±1.97) vs.( 1. 77 ±2.74); P 0. 05〕. The ability of plasma miR-200 c and miR-155 to discriminate the ESCC from those controls were evaluated by the ROC curve with an AUC of 0. 853 〔95% CI( 0. 774,0. 931),sensitivity 79%,specificity 88% 〕and 0. 771 〔95% CI( 0. 674,0. 867),sensitivity 69%,specificity 81% 〕respectively. Plasma miR- 200 c levels were not associated with gender,age,differentiation degree and operation( P 0. 05),but were related to pathological stage and metastasis( P 0. 05); plasma miR- 155 levels were not associated with any of the clinical pathological indicators collected( P 0. 05). Conclusion The expression levels of plasma miR- 200 c and miR- 155 are significantly increased in patients with ESCC,and they could serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers for ESCC. The plasma miR- 200 c level is associated with the pathological process of ESCC.


In this document, we present an analysis of the tuna purse seine fisher's behaviour at sea. Data were obtained from observers onboard on the French and Spanish tropical fishery during the E.U. Bigeye program. Several aspects of the fishing behaviour may affect the catch per unit of effort by trip and by vessel. We observed that when the search for non-associated schools was the predominant fishing tactic, operating among a group of fishing vessels led to a better catch per unit of effort than when operating alone. However this gain can reach a limit due to the competition between purse seiners operating in a small area. This limiting factor remains difficult to quantify. In contrast, when fishing on FADs is the major fishing tactic fishing alone was associated with the best catch per unit of effort. We analyzed also the influence of the distance visited each day by a vessel during its fishing time on the CPUEs. As the best CPUEs under FADs are related to the larger distances suggest that purse seiners visited their FADs on a regularly basis. The results were different for the fishery on non-associated schools where on average the best CPUEs are associated with the lowest distances traveled. This point suggests that fishing on non-associated schools is a characteristic of clusters of tuna schools.


Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is currently the treatment of choice for many hematologic malignancies. The aim of HSCT is usually to cure, or in some malignancies, to improve survival. Two frequently applied types of HSCT can be distinguished: autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT), which uses the patient's own stem cells, and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT), which uses the stem cells of a donor. Unfortunately, both auto- and allo-SCT are aggressive treatment options which are associated with short- and long-term medical complications. HSCT survivors may also report physical and psychological symptoms and deficits in quality of life. This thesis focuses on the rehabilitation of patients recently treated with HSCT, and in particular on the effectiveness of exercise interventions. The five specific aims are: 1) to quantify health-related physical fitness in patients recently treated with auto-SCT, and to determine its demographic and clinical correlates; 2) to systematically review the literature on the effectiveness of exercise interventions in comparison to usual care with respect to physical fitness, fatigue and health-related quality of life in patients treated with HSCT; 3) to determine the effectiveness of a high intensity exercise program on physical fitness and fatigue in patients recently treated with auto-SCT (EXIST study); 4) to evaluate the actual implementation of this exercise program; and 5) to explore the experiences with return to work among HSCT survivors.


Administration of amino acid compositions containing taurine, branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) (composition 1), the same composition supplemented with tryptophan (composition 2), taurine, leucine, zinc and magnesium salts (composition 3) to rats undergoing chronic alcohol intoxication for 10 days leads to alleviation or elimination of a number of signs of neuroacive amino acid imbalance in rat brain structures. Composition 3 was found to posess more pronounced influence on the pool of the compounds determined, since the effects were similarly expressed with dosage only 4 times less than those for compositions 1 and 2. All compositions tested were found to evoke pronounced decrease of histidine levels in hypothalamus, midbrain and striatum. Administration of any composition tested induced no increase in taurine concentration in any brain region studied.


Gestures have recently gained interest as a secure and usable authentication method for mobile devices. Gesture authentication relies on recognition, wherein raw data is collected from user input and preprocessed into a more manageable form before applying recognition algorithms. Preprocessing is done to improve recognition accuracy, but little work has been done in justifying its effects on authentication. We examined the effects of three variables: location, rotation, and scale, on authentication accuracy. We found that an authentication-optimal combination (location invariant, scale variant, and rotation variant) can reduce the error rate by 45.3% on average compared to the recognition-optimal combination (all invariant). We analyzed 13 gesture recognizers and evaluated them with three criteria: authentication accuracy, and resistance against both brute-force and imitation attacks. Our novel multi-expert method (Garda) achieved the lowest error rate (0.015) in authentication accuracy, the lowest error rate (0.040) under imitation attacks, and resisted all brute-force attacks.


The ongoing outbreak of a new coronavirus (2019‐nCoV, or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS‐CoV‐2]) has caused an epidemic of the acute respiratory syndrome known as coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) in humans. SARS‐CoV‐2 rapidly spread to multiple regions of China and multiple other countries, posing a serious threat to public health. The spike (S) proteins of SARS‐CoV‐1 and SARS‐CoV‐2 may use the same host cellular receptor, angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), for entering host cells. The affinity between ACE2 and the SARS‐CoV‐2 S protein is much higher than that of ACE2 binding to the SARS‐CoV S protein, explaining why SARS‐CoV‐2 seems to be more readily transmitted from human to human. Here, we report that ACE2 can be significantly upregulated after infection of various viruses, including SARS‐CoV‐1 and SARS‐CoV‐2, or by the stimulation with inflammatory cytokines such as interferons. We propose that SARS‐CoV‐2 may positively induce its cellular entry receptor, ACE2, to accelerate its replication and spread; high inflammatory cytokine levels increase ACE2 expression and act as high‐risk factors for developing COVID‐19, and the infection of other viruses may increase the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Therefore, drugs targeting ACE2 may be developed for the future emerging infectious diseases caused by this cluster of coronaviruses.


Nitric acid is used to clean depleted uranium in the form of cast billets, and cast and wrought parts in the processing cycle and is the largest contributor of waste to the West End Treatment Facility (WETF). An estimated 27,000 gallons of liquid and 75 to 95% of all uranium received was sent to the WETF for processing from this facility in our baseline year. Because wrought parts account for the largest throughput at the nitric acid facility, an alternative cleaning method for these parts was examined first. Test results on the first part type from the wrought family showed ultrasonic cleaning to be an effective cleaning method. Since the geometry for this part presented the most difficulty in terms of ultrasonic cleaning, the entire wrought family is expected to be moved from the nitric acid facility to the ultrasonic cleaning facility. As a result, there will be an 83% reduction part throughput at the nitric acid facility which corresponds to a significant decrease in wastes sent to the WETF and a reduction in the generation and associated costs of waste overall. This change also eliminated two building moves involving two RAD areas resulting in a part movement reduction of more » approximately 25% which is a significant cost savings. « less


This chapter focuses on the issue of race in Russian modernist writings concerning Japan as well as China. It examines the writings concerning East Asia from the 1890s to the immediate pre-revolutionary period by the philosopher Vladimir Solov'ev and the symbolists Dmitrii Merezhkovskii and Andrei Belyi. The racial images of East Asians drawn by these three key figures of Russian modernism are highly ambiguous and complex, images in which much more is at stake than the straightforward assertion of Russians' racial superiority over its eastern neighboring peoples. In 1916-1921 Belyi participated in a literary movement called Scythianism. Scythianism was a refreshing escape from the combined impact of Far East and Far West - from Herzen's Chinese Europe through Solov'ev's Pan-Mongolism to Merezhkovskii's Yellow-Faced Positivism-a construct that embodied the Russian ideals of East and West. Keywords:Andrei Belyi; Dmitrii Merezhkovskii; East Asia; Pan-Mongolism; race; Russian Modernism; Russian modernist writings; Scythianism; Vladimir Solov'ev; yellow-faced positivism


Group I and II introns are non-coding sequences able to excise themselves from precursor mRNA by self-splicing. Both groups are ribozymes and may also code Open Reading Frames (ORF) for enzymes involved in the homing process; the Homing Endonuclease (HEase) in group I introns and maturase for group II. In this study, Mexican Bacillus thuringiensis strains belong to the Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon collection were evaluated for the presence of these introns. For this propose, specific primers were designed for group I introns inserted in the ribonucleotide reductase operon and group II introns B.th.I, Bth.I2and B.th.I3. The PCR results obtained with primers for group I, was a DNA band of 600 bp for most strains (fifty four) and one of 200 bp for six one. The nucleotide sequence of 600 pb DNA band revealed more than 95% homology with the amplicons and group I introns reported before. Concern to group II introns, we can not see PCR products correspond to expect DNA band size.


Abstract
Educational programs for students with mental retardation emphasize the preparation of students to live independently after finishing school. One educational strategy for children and adolescents with mental retardation is to teach daily life skills. The purpose of this study is to conduct a literature review on strategies to teach daily life skills to children and adolescents with mental retardation. Literature searches were carried out on seven databases, namely ERIC, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, SAGE, JSTOR, Emerald Insight and Google Schoolar. The keywords used in this search are "teaching daily living skills" and "mental retardation"; "Teaching daily living skills" and "intellectual disability". A total of 5 articles (N = 614) will be reviewed through a screening process based on inclusive and exclusive criteria. The results show that there are strategies to teach daily life skills to children and adolescents with mental retardation by using video prompting, video modeling, constant-time delay and most-to-least prompt.
Keyword: daily living skills; mental retardation; video prompting; video modeling; constant-time delay; most-to-least prompt procedures; literature review


This paper examines previous thermodynamic data for some acid dye/wool systems. On the basis of further experimental evidence, it is suggested that errors result if allowance is not made for hydrophobic dye - dye interactions in solution at lower dyeing temperatures.


Experimental and theoretical studies of both the hydrostatic pressure and uniaxial stress dependence of transferred-electron effects have shown that the L1c are below the X1c minima in GaAs. These are presented and compared with most recent optical measurements. The inferred electrical properties of GaAs and its alloys are discussed.


Much like a sentence or paragraph, the table of contents for a technical report can be designed systematically on the basis of a logic and rhetoric developed from experience. Being true to technical subject matter requires a full use of four basic logical techniques normally employed in scientific problem solving: classifying, partitioning, causally subordinating, and comparing. The logical approach that uses these techniques for the division and subdivision of topics is necessary, but not sufficient, for structuring the outline of a report. As can be shown in a typical library research report, the logical approach must be supplemented by three other approaches to the problem of topic arrangement that are more distinctly rhetorical: the conventional approach that depends on the convenient habituation rendered by standard format, the pedagogical approach that depends on the effective methods and order of technical presentation suited to the reader's level of comprehension, and the empathic approach that depends on the need to keep the reader from enduring topics of excessive length or complexity. These four approaches together provide for a strategy of topic outlining.


The manuscript presents a study of landslide movement from a series of campaigns obtained with GNSS and UAS surveys at two test sites. The presentation of the manuscript is good in terms on data understanding and interpretation of results. to remove features above ground before calculating DODs? to remove/mask/filter with and perform a point cloud cleaning process and then a ground classification to remove unwanted flying points over the grass that might be picked when extracting their location in DEM. Other questions that arise here is how easily you could identify those concrete targets on the DJI images in Agisoft (there are no black and white markers in the middle for a better recognition aren't they) and what are the settings you used for the image alignment?


Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic, inflammatory autoimmune
disorder that is manifested as a symmetric polyarthritis
associated with swelling and pain in multiple joints.
Generally, activated macrophages are involved in
pathophysiology of inflammation. The aim of our present study
was to compare a distribution of ED1+ activated macrophages int
he lumbar dorsal root ganglia and changes of their amount in
time. We used a rat model of unilateral antigen-induced
arthritis (AIA). For induction of AIA, rats were immunized by
an intra-articular injection of antigen methylated bovine serum
albumin in saline emulsified with CFA into the knee joint. The
knee joints of control rats were injected by saline and the
naive rats were without AIA induction and injection of saline.
All animals were left to survive for 4, 7, 14 and 21 days.
Invasion of ED1+ macrophages was detected and quantified
bilaterally in the lumbar dorsal root ganglia (L3-L5) using
umage analysis system (NIS Elements). The data differences were
evaluated by Mann-Whitney test using Statistica software. ED1+
macrophages were found bilaterally in lumbar L3-L5 dorsal root
ganglia, especially in the L3 and L4. Four days after induction
of AIA, we observed robust increasing of ED1+ macrophages in
the ipsilateral lumbar ganglia. In contrast, contralateral
ganglia have shown only a slight increase in the number of ED1+
macrophages. Seven and fourteen after immunization, all
investigated dorsal root ganglia were infiltrated by
approximately the same numbers of ED1+ macrophages. Twenty one
days after AIA, i.e. during the chronic phase, we found no
increased infiltration of ED1+ macrophages in ipsilateral
dorsal root ganglia when compared to control and naive rats.
However, in contralateral dorsal root ganglia we found
approximately the same number of macrophages like seven or
fourteen days after immunization. In summary, we observed
bilateral invasion of ED1+ macrophages into dorsal root ganglia
accompanying the acute, but not the chronic stage of AIA. The
present study has shown that acute AIA is associated with a
bilateral invasion of activated ED1+ macrophages into lumbar
dorsal root ganglia involved in afferent innervation of the
knee joint.


At the time of its description, the species was regarded as belonging in tribe Vernonieae Cass. subtribe Linziinae S.C.Keeley & H.Rob, based on its morphology and following the classification of Keeley and Robinson (2009). The mainly tropical tribe Vernonieae is not well-represented in the Australian native flora, with Lander & Hurter (2013) regarding that only one genus, Pleurocarpaea Benth., was native (several other genera are introduced). The new species was placed somewhat tentatively in Pleurocarpaea, the authors noting that mature achenes were unavailable at the time of publication, and that it 'fits broadly' within that genus 'pending the availability of specimens with fully mature achenes and further research on Australian Vernonieae' (l.c. p. 109).


This article aims to bring to light an unusual reflection on spirituality. The backdrop for this reflection is given before the urban context of cosmopolitan quality. The main desire of the original research was to provide a dialogue between a representation of reality, from the urban context, through the analysis of a spirituality manifested in the sitcom Friends, and the perspective of Leonardo Boff regarding spirituality, through his work "Virtues: For Another Possible World." So, if it were possible to sketch a vision of this, let us imagine someone in front of the TV, watching an episodes of the hit series Friends and with the work of Boff at hand. Better yet, someone sitting next to Boff, both watching the hit series and talking about their perceptions in a friendly dialogue, fully intent on recognizing points of correlation between what a theologian thinks, says, and writes, and which describes the series in audio, image, and movement.


Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a point mutation in COL1A1 or COL1A2 genes that leads to the abnormal synthesis and assembly of type I collagen, a major organic component of bone. Clinical manifestations of the severe OI Type III include small body size, limb deformities, and low bone mineral density (BMD) within the post‐cranial skeleton. OI type III often co‐occurs with dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI), especially in juveniles. The goals of this study are: (1) to investigate the relationship between the organic and inorganic components of bone in the craniofacial skeleton; and (2) to examine whether an abnormality in type I collagen, as seen in OI, affects BMD within the craniofacial skeleton.


The annual incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Sitka, Alaska, was determined in the period 1949–1979, spanning a severe 1965 epidemic of canine distemper in the dog population. Three patients were identified, and each had the onset of MS in 1969 or 1970. This time cluster of MS is significant (p < 0.01) and was predicted by the hypothesis that MS may be linked to canine distemper virus.


Thank you very much for reading practice and progress in cardiac pacing and electrophysiology. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their chosen books like this practice and progress in cardiac pacing and electrophysiology, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious virus inside their desktop computer.


Regular dilation has recently been extended to graph product of N, where having a *-regular dilation is equivalent to having a minimal isometric Nica-covariant dilation. In this paper, we first extend the result to all quasi-lattice ordered semigroups, and establish a similar equivalence between *-regular dilation, minimal isometric Nica-covariant dilation, and a Brehmer-type condition. This can be applied to various quasi-lattice ordered semigroups. We then extend the result to the class of right LCM semigroups.


The demise of the USSR has sadly meant the passing, along with many other things, of the Lenin Prizes. All is not lost, however, since the prize has been replaced by a State Prize of the Russian Federation which, although it does not have the same ring as a Lenin Prize, certainly carries a similar prestige.


Abstract Researcher-implemented writing interventions have been shown to improve student writing performance. However, there has been limited research on teacher-implemented writing interventions, which are more likely to be sustainable in a classroom. The purpose of this review was to examine the effectiveness of teacher-implemented writing interventions in regular-classroom environments with elementary-aged students. The inclusion criteria resulted in the identification of 13 experimental research studies. Classroom teachers implemented a range of writing strategies. However, explicit strategy instruction, including self-regulated strategy development, was the most commonly used approach that improved students' writing achievement. Practical implications of the results are discussed and directions for future research are provided.


ABSTRACT Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an advanced manufacturing technique, recently introduced in the medical field to convert clinical imaging information of anatomical features into physical replicas built through digitally guided deposition of successive layers of material. This novel clinical instrument has emerged as a confluence of advances in imaging technology, 3D printing techniques, and structural heart interventions. Both digital and physical 3D modeling are now used to better visualize patient-specific anatomic features prior to catheter-based valve intervention. This review discusses common structural heart valve problems and the imaging challenges associated with catheter-based interventions. We highlight how 3D printed modeling can be used as a tool to overcome certain limitations of 2D visualization and how such modeling can be used to plan, practice, and predict success for increasingly complex catheter-based structural heart valve interventions. An overview of current 3D modeling techniques and advances are presented, including their limitations and future directions.


We consider a market model with n rational rms (doctors) and a continuum of boundedly rational consumers (patients). Following Spiegler (2006a), we assume that patients are not familiar with the market and rely on anecdotes. We analyze the price setting game played by doctors with given, dierent healing qualities. Doctors know their own quality, as well as the qualities of their competitors. We nd a unique equilibrium in mixed strategies. All doctors, no matter how bad, make positive prots that are typically considerably higher than their maxmin payos. In order to analyze welfare, we introduce a pre-stage where doctors choose qualities. Even though a better quality comes for free, doctors mainly oer mediocre qualities in all SPNE. If the highest possible quality is high enough, welfare strictly decreases in the number of doctors.


Emissions trading can be a cost-efficient approach to reduce pollutants. This paper analyzes six examples of emissions trading programs implemented in the U. S. The analysis showed that most of the programs adopted emission permits and a grandfathering approach as well as restrictions for not creating hot spots. It also showed that emissions trading programs depend on several factors such as less restriction on transaction, credibility and transparency, and flexibility. Based on the lessons, the paper discusses possibility of emission trading programs in Japan and an emissions trading program for the reduction of water pollutants flowing into enclosed sea areas in Japan.


In the summer of 2010 research was conducted in Grand Teton National Park to ascertain trip characteristics of GRTE visitors, examine pertinent socio-demographic visitor characteristics, develop an understanding of how visitor socio-demographics affect trip characteristics and outcomes, and determine how these characteristics and demographics affect interest in and experiences with the Indian Arts Museum. Researchers spent seven weeks in the park and followed the onsite data gathering with an at home follow-up for visitors.


A derivative of X b221 that has lost by mutation all EcoRI restriction sites has been isolated by alternative growth op ,restrictive and nonrestrictive strains. It has an efficiency of plating equal to 1 on the restrictive strain. Genetic cross of this bacteriophage with X plac5 Imm2l gave rise to recombinants 6f intermediate restricting ratios. The analysis of the-EcoRI erndonucleasecleaved DNA by polyacrylamide'gel elkctrophoresis, comnpared with the genetic results, has permitted identification of PcoRI endonuclease cleavage sites in the recombinants. The genotypes are: X plac5 C1857 sRIX30 sRIX20 sRfAI° and X plac5 C1857 sRIk20 sRIXI. Theremaining cleavage sites, respectively, sRIlac sRIX4 and sRllac sRIX4 sRIX3, are all located in a region nonessential for bacteriophage multiplication. The involvement of these mutant bacteriophages as vector for foreign genes ar¢;discussed. In the study of gene expression an important step is the isolation of specific DNA fragments. The use of transducing bacteriophages (1) has allowed the isolation of defined genes in prokaryotic systems, and the study of their expression in vivo and in vitro. Such methods do not exist for eukaryotic systems. In order to study isolated eukaryotic genes, one would like to insert specific sequences from eukaryotic chromosomal or extrachromosomal DNA into structures that can be self-replicated inside the bacteria, since this would allow the direct isolation of specific DNA fragments. One method of gene insertion involves the introduction of the same cohesive ends in the chosen DNA and the selfreplicating DNA, followed by the joining of the two structures either in vitro with ligase or in vivo inside the bacteria. To create the cohesive ends, a restriction endonuclease can be used. These enzymes recognize sites on DNA that have specific nucleotide sequences. To be useful for the preparation of DNA fragments to be fused, such an endonuclease must hydrolyze the DNA at a limited number of sites so that the generated DNA fragments can contain intact genes, and it must generate complementary ends long enough to be cohesive. The EcoRI endonuclease can be used for this purpose since it creates cohesive ends of 4 nucleotides at sites that are separated by, on the average, a few thousand base pairs. Using a similar method, Jackson et al. (2) have fused simian virus 40 DNA in vitro with a fragment of W DNA, X dvgal. Gene insertion has also been carried out with antibiotic-resistance transferable plasmid as a self-replicating structure (3). The DNA of the RTF plasmid was cleaved with the EcoRI endonuclease and joined, in vitro or in vivo, with fragments of DNA generated with the same endonuclease. The authors succeeded in inserting fragments of DNA of a Staphylococcus plasmid 3927 into an RTF plasmid replicating in Escherichia coli (4). The same method could be used to insert other genes. Our goal here was to isolate a plaque-forming derivative of bacteriophage X that could be used as a vector for foreign genes. In our opinion, X bacteriophage has two advantages as a general transducing particle: (a) the hybrid DNA can be prepared in great quantity since each bacterial cell can produce several hundred X DNA copies and the hybrid DNA can be purified easily as a component of bacteriophage particles, and (b) the detailed knowledge of the X genome might be very useful for further studies on the hybrid DNA, e.g., in studying the expression of the foreign genes in tivo or in vitro. For our purpose we had to isolate a A bacteriophage whose DNA would have sites of EcoRI endonuclease cleavage located (a) only in a region that is nonessential for bacteriophage multiplication and (b) such that the fragments of DNA that contain the essential genes would have a total length inferior to that of the wild-type X DNA and would be able to be encapsulated after integration of foreign DNA. We have constructed such a bacteriophage in two steps: isolation of a multiple mutant that is resistant to the EcoRI endonuclease followed by genetic cross, giving rise to bacteriophage recombinants having ony two and three sites of EcoRI endonuclease cleavage, all located in a single region that is nonessential for bacteriophage multiplication. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bacteriophages. The strains used were XCI857 (5), Ab221 C1857 (6), Aplac5 imm21 (P. Kourilsky, personal gift), and Aplac5 CI857 S7 (7). Following the convention suggested by Arber and Linn (8), we use the symbol sRIX to designate an EcoRI restriction site of Aplac5. We number the sites as described in Fig. 1. We use the symbol sRIX10 to indicate the loss of sRIA1 by mutation (8). Bacterial Strains. W3350 is a galE. coli K12 strain. RY12 is a derivative of W3350, which contains the plasmid RTF1 conferring the EcoRI host specificity (this strain was kindly sent to us by H. W. Boyer). AR1002 is a spontaneous lacmutant of a nonlysogenic derivate of Y10 (9). AMedia. Lysates were made in liquid L-broth rich medium. Bacteriophage assays were done either on tryptone broth agar or on M~acConkey lactose agar (Difco medium). Enzyme. EcoRI endonuclease was purified according to Yoshumori (10). The enzyme was generously made available


Contents and composition of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)listed for prior control by U.S.EPA in 26 soil samples from 6 workshops of an abandoned coking factory in Beijing were detected with a gas chromatography equipped with mass spectrometry(GC/MS).The characteristics of the PAHs emission of different workshops and vertical distribution of PAHs were discussed.Results showed that:1)The total PAHs(∑PAHs)contents in topsoil(0~20cm)ranged from 672.8 to 144814.3ng·g-1,and the concentration sequence in different workshops showed Recovery workshopCrude benzol workshopTar workshopCoking workshopSewage treatment workshopGas workshop.2)In the no-disturbed soil samples,PAHs were accumulated in the topsoil and rapidly decreased with depth,while in disturbed soil samples,the maximum of ∑PAHs were detected in 80~180cm deep soil.What's more,4m deep soil in this factory were still badly polluted with a maximum of ∑PAHs in Coking workshop(12953.1ng·g-1).3)The contents of three and four rings PAH components were much higher than those of the other PAH components,which occupied 51.3% and 31.7% of the total PAHs,respectively.4)According to the criteria of Maliszewska-Kordybach and CCME,the contents of some PAH monomers in top soils and deep soils(80 ~400cm)of Recovery workshop,Crude benzol workshop,Tar workshop and Coking workshop were above the heavy pollution standard,which would lead to huge risks for surroundings.


Abstract In this paper we describe some properties of companion matrices and demonstrate some special patterns that arisewhen a Toeplitz or a Hankel matrix is multiplied by a related companion matrix.We present a necessary and sufficient condition, generalizing known results, for a matrix to be the transforming matrix for a similarity between a pair of companion matrices. A special case of our main result shows that a Toeplitz or a Hankel matrix can be extended using associated companion matrices, preserving the Toeplitz or Hankel structure respectively.


Japan's gender roles are in turmoil. Traditional life courses for men and women are still presented as role models, but there is an increasing range of gender choices for those uncomfortable with convention. This collection of studies from the University of Cambridge provides fascinating insights into the diversity of gendered images, identities, and life-styles in contemporary Japan - from manga girls to herbivore boys, from absent fathers to transgender people. (Series: Japanese Studies / Japanologie - Vol. 3)


Hair patterns of the dorsum proper of the hand and foot are similar in occupying comparable anatomical positions. The more extensive hair patterns have a higher incidence in whites than in Negroes. And digital hair is more frequently absent on the lateral side of the hand and foot than on the medial side.


*This study was produced from the PhD dissertation titled "The Effectiveness of Google Earth in the Acquisition of Spatial Perception Ability in Social Studies Courses" submitted to Anadolu University Graduate School of Educational Sciences Program in Primary School Education (2017). a,**Corresponding Author: Ati Merç, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Education, Manisa, Turkey. E-mail: email@example.com b Ali Ersoy, Anadolu University, Faculty of Education, Eskişehir, Turkey. E-mail: email@example.com Abstract


Summary SPECTREM AIR has been successfully acquiring data in Australian terrain since 2017 and has shown substantially better depth of penetration as well as increased sensitivity in shallow sounding with the SPECTREMPLUS as compared to earlier systems. The higher-powered transmitter (amongst other improvements) has shown significant improvements in signal to noise ratio of the system. The combination of higher transmitted power, wide system bandwidth and advanced data processing gives SPECTREMPLUS the unique advantage of being able to map at depths of up to 600m (dependent on overburden conductivity), without compromising the simultaneous resolution of shallow features, thus making the system an ideal tool for exploring under cover in Australian terrain where difficult geological settings are present.


This chapter briefly reviews the literature that explores the training technique of deliberate practice and the related constructs, training outcomes of achievement goal orientation, self-efficacy, perceived instrumentality, and reflective practice. This work explains how educators can use and measure these variables to enhance current training methodologies. As part of creating more effective training, the TARGET model, developed by Ames, will be utilized to discuss potential ways to enhance training outcomes in a post-COVID-19 world. Specifically, suggestions are offered for enhancing online training using deliberate practice combined with the TARGET model within a medical setting where there are limited resources.


The utility model relates to a double-fan automatic diversion wind supplying device which belongs to a ventilation device or an inflating device. The utility model has the technical proposal that an inlet wind channel a is communicated with inlets of two fans, outlet pipes of the two fans are converged and connected, and are communicated with a confluence wind channel; a connecting position of the two outlet pipes is taken as an axis, and a wind direction diversion valve plate with a free rotating shaft is arranged. A working principle of the automatic diversion of a double-fan wind supplying pipeline is that when one fan works, air stream in the outlet pipe pushes the wind direction diversion valve plate to the outlet pipe of the fan at the other side, and the outlet pipe is closed; when the fan stops and the other fan starts, the wind direction diversion valve plate can be pushed away in a reverse direction, the outlet pipe of the other fan is opened, and the outlet pipe of the fan is closed. The utility model has the advantages that the loss of the back flow of wind rate in the pipeline is avoided, the effective power of the fans is enhanced, the wind rate requirement of working conditions is ensured, and the automatic switchover of the opening and the closing of two communicated pipelines is realized.


During the course of changing the system for enterprises, bankrupt and merge occur at any time. Therefor, improving the capital management of the medium-and-small size enterprises is very important. Any enterprises should consider their own characteristics when they design the financial combination and the investment project in order to gain an ideal investment benefit.


The isothermal collapse of an initially uniform-density, uniform-rotating, molecular cloud core with pressure and self-gravity is investigated using a spheroid model to determine the conditions under which a cloud is unstable to fragmentation. A semianalytic model for the collapse of rotating spheroids is developed with the method of characteristics for inwardly propagating rarefaction waves. It is shown that the criterion for fragmentation is modified from that in the literature if the property of nonhomologous collapse is taken into account. The fate of the collapsing clouds can be divided into three classes: (1) runaway collapsing clouds that approach self-similar solutions with moderate ellipsoid axial ratio (2-5) and are expected to form single adiabatic cores in the center, (2) clouds that collapse and rotationally bounce without fragmentation and are expected to develop bars and filaments, and (3) clouds that collapse into pancakes and fragment during the isothermal stage. We derive the criterion for fragmentation considering the evolution of the flatness of the central core after relaxation in the z-direction. In the small rotation limit, the evolution is determined by only one parameter, α0 (initial ratio of the thermal energy to the gravitational energy), that has the critical value, α0 = 5/π2.


Three different aperture diameters (6μm,8μm,10μm) of proton implantation vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL) are fabricated by two different group energy bombardment, where the epitaxial structure is designed lasing at 850nm. The injection energy is 300kev, 230kev and 330kev, 250kev, 160kev respectively, in order to confine the current path. To avoid channel effect while injecting and to make the actual fabrication process behind convenient, 5000Å SiO2 was deposited on the surface of the wafer. Photoresist and Au are used as the mask to protect the lasing area against bombardment, respectively. When the aperture diameters is 10μm and under the two times bombardment, the output power of continuously at room temperature is reached at 2.4mw, while the same aperture diameters under three times bombardment is only 0.5mw. Further analysis indicates that the distance of injection peak value from the active region is a critical parameter to determine the output power.


To overcome the particle swarm optimization algorithm to the local optima,an improved new algorithm is proposed by introducing the swarm behavior and disturbances.To show the optimization performances of the new algorithm,several benchmark functions are tested.The experimental results show that the new algorithm not only effectively solves the premature convergence problem,but also significantly speeds up the convergence.


In the KOTO experiment, we plan to use a plastic scintillator as a veto counter; its role is to reject various K-decay modes involving charged particles. This counter, called CV(Charged Veto), must detect an energy deposit as low as 100keV. To realize this, we use Pixelated Photon Detector(PPD) as a photo-sensor in conjunction with wavelength shifting fibers. About 1600 channels are needed in total, and 8 PPDs outputs are connected together and are read as one to reduce the readout channels. One of the disadvantages of this readout scheme is that their output pulse becomes wider as the number of parallel-connected PPD increases. We report results of the study on this phenomena and present a method to overcome the pulse widening.


This paper analyzes and assimilates the advanced PD detecting methods.For the 35 kV GIS switch terminal,a partial discharge detector based on ultrasonic wave is designed and manufactured.The detector is made of piezoelectricity macromolecule film which works as ultrasonic wave sensor.This sensor gets over the deficiency of low sensitivity.The internal gap insulation defect of cable accessories is molded and the PD experiment is researched.The relations of the amplitude and average discharge time of ultrasonic single vs work voltage is analyzed.The comparative experiments of corona discharge and internal discharge are designed.Their difference of phase distribution is analyzed.The ultrasonic delay property is validated and its location application in insulation defect is indicated.


Under the assumption that the durations of the supply or disruption periods at the retailer were mutually independent exponential distributions,firstly the expected cycle time and cost of both the qualified items and the defective ones were determined due to each order containing a random fraction of defective items.Secondly the long-run average cost model was established based on renewal reward theorems,so that the optimal order quantity at the retailer and the optimal number of batches for processing defective items were obtained.Finally computational results showed that the disruption intensity had no influence on the optimal number of batches and had reverse effect with the defective rate on the optimal order quantity;the average cost for the optimal order quantity only considering the defective rate was greater than that for economic order quantity when the disruption intensity was much higher.


Single-crystal X-ray structures of four nickel dithiocarbamate complexes were determined: the homoleptic mixed-organic bis-dithiocarbamates Ni(S2CN(isopropyl)(benzyl))2, Ni(S2CN(ethyl)(n-butyl))2, and Ni(S2CN(phenyl)(benzyl))2, as well as the heteroleptic mixed-ligand complex Ni(P(phenyl)3)(S2CN(phenyl)(benzyl))Cl. Synthetic, spectroscopic, structural, thermal, and materials studies are discussed in light of prior literature. The spectroscopic results are routine. A slightly distorted square-planar nickel coordination environment was observed for all four complexes. The organic residues adopt conformations to minimize steric interactions. Steric effects also may determine puckering, if any, about the nickel and nitrogen atoms, both of which are planar or nearly so. A transinfluence affects the Ni–S bond distances. Nitrogen atoms interact with the CS2 carbons with a bond order of about 1.5, and the other substituents on nitrogen display transoid conformations. There are no strong 1Summer Faculty Fellow, NASA Glenn Research Center. 2Student Intern, NASA Glenn Research Center. 3NASA Graduate Student Researcher, NASA Glenn Research Center.


Abstract Usage-based construction grammar needs to determine which schematizations are really supported by usage: Previous research on argumentstructure constructions with object-related complements has assumed overarching constructions with a formally underspecified component (Gries et al. 2005, 2010; Gonzalvez-Garcia 2009). These schematize over a number of formally different subconstructions. It has been shown, however, that paying attention to the formally different realisations of a constructional component may bring out the functional differential between subconstructions which are closely related within a construction network (Hampe 2011a). Based on the data used by Gries and colleagues (2010), this paper presents a fine-grained collostruction analysis of the as-predicative as a network of tightly related subconstructions and checks whether there is a functional difference between the subconstructions with nominal and adjectival as-complements. It is shown that the extended uses of the construction sketched out by Gries et al. (2005) are licensed by the subconstruction with nominal as-complement, rather than present a property of the overarching, most general pattern. Beyond this, the present paper locates the as-predicative within the network of all argument-structure constructions with phrasal object-related complements. In this context, it also discusses under which conditions the occurrence of a specific verb as a collexeme of more than one argument-structure construction can be seen as a verb-specific constructeme uniting several allostructions (Capelle 2006).


In this letter, a compact broadband high-efficiency RF rectifier is presented for ambient RF energy harvesting (EH). A novel impedance matching network with an additional quarter-wavelength short-circuited stub was designed to achieve broadband impedance matching. After the branch was added, the parallel resonance point on track <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{11}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> did not move, and the remaining points were compressed. The measurement results show that the proposed topology could realize a broadband high-efficiency rectifier for ambient RF EH, and the measured results were basically consistent with the simulation results. The measured efficiency is as high as 71.5% for an input power level of 8 dBm. A 1–2.4 GHz wide frequency band with an efficiency above 50% is achieved for an input power level of 5 dBm with a terminal load of 1.6 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{k}\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Moreover, the circuit had wide dynamic input power characteristics, whose measured values remained above 50% with an input power of 3–14 dBm.


A composite electrode prepared by mixing a commercial epoxy resin Araldite® and graphite powder is proposed to be used in didactic experiments. The electrode is prepared by the students and applied in simple experiments to demonstrate the effect of the composite composition on the conductivity and the voltammetric response of the resulting electrode, as well as the response in relation to the scan rate dependence on mass transport. The possibility of using the composite electrode in quantitative analysis is also demonstrated.


The inequalities of Shafer and Fink, namely, 3x 2 + √ 1 − x2 sin −1 (x) πx 2 + √ 1 − x2 , x ∈ (0,1) are generalized to similar inequalities for the elliptic function sn(u|k).


Optical wireless offers broadband telecommunication services within buildings and avoids utilizing the already-congested radio spectrum. Because of safety reasons, optical transmission power in optical wireless local-area networks (LAN's) is restricted to a level that may severely degrade the system performance. A coherent-detection technique for very narrow linewidth millimeter-wave and microwave "subcarrier" signals is demonstrated to improve receiver sensitivity, without using expensive optical amplifiers.


Methods This observational, prospective study of consecutive patients with a presenting symptom of weakness was conducted at the ED of Basel University Hospital, Switzerland. Over a 4-week period all non-trauma patients (aged 18 years and over) subsequently admitted to the hospital were screened for inclusion. Trained ED nurses registered the presenting symptoms of all new patients with an emergency severity index (ESI) of 1–3. Patients were included if weakness was recorded by the ED nurse and the patient complained of either localised or generalised weakness within the first 3 sentences of the history as taken by the ED physician. The final diagnosis was determined by an expert panel of at least two board-certified internal medicine specialists after chart reviews in all cases. Diagnoses were classified according to World Health Organization (WHO) ICD10 [4].


Abstract : The present status of basic development steps towards AlGaAs/ GaAs microcavity devices emitting at 1.3 micrometers is presented. An emission wavelength of the active medium of 1.3 micrometer was achieved by the implementation of self-organized InAs/ GaInAs quantum dots. To match the wavelength tight control of the microcavity parameters was ensured by an improved layer thickness calibration procedure. Incorporation of a reverse-biased Si/ Be-doped GaAs tunnel junction with record low junction resistance is expected to improve the lateral carrier distribution for intra-cavity contacted devices.


The paper deals with using selfmodification codes to protect computer programs against unauthorized modification. Mounted protection system for integrity control use hash-functions.


The sequence of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) major envelope (Env) protein (ayw subtype) was scanned for the presence of H-2 d,b motifs. Following binding and immunogenicity testing, two new H-2 d -restricted epitopes (Env.362 and Env.364) were identified. These epitopes induced CTLs capable of recognizing naturally processed HBV-Env, but were apparently generated with lower efficiency than the previously defined dominant Env.28 epitope. Next, HBV-transgenic mice that express all of the HBV proteins and produce fully infectious particles were immunized with a mixture of lipopeptides encompassing the Env.28, Env.362, and Env.364 epitopes. Significant CTL responses were obtained, but they had no effect on viral replication in the liver, nor did they induce an inflammatory liver disease. However, in adoptive transfer experiments, CTL lines generated from the HBV-transgenic mice following immunization were able to inhibit viral replication in vivo without causing hepatitis. This is in contrast to CTL lines derived from nontransgenic mice that displayed both antiviral and cytopathic effects, presumably because they displayed higher avidity for the viral epitopes than the transgenic CTLs. These results suggest that T cell tolerance to HBV can be broken with appropriate immunization but the magnitude and characteristics of the resultant T cell response are significantly different from the response in HBV-naive individuals since their antiviral potential is stronger than their cytotoxic potential. This has obvious implications for immunotherapy of chronic HBV infection. The Journal of Immunology, 2001, 166: 1389–1397. ml:0.75 g:0.25 ml:0.5 ml), depend- ing upon the specific protecting group present on the various amino acids. Unlipidated peptides were purified using conventional HPLC methods. Lipopeptides were purified by repetitive washes with 50% acetic acid: water (v/v), followed by two washes with H 2 O and lyophilization. Li- popeptides were characterized by reverse phase-HPLC and mass spectrom-etry. Reverse phase-HPLC was performed using Waters analytical HPLC (polymer reverse phase 4.6 3 150 mm, 5 m M, 300 Å, column; Polymer Laboratories, Shropshire, U.K.) at a column temperature of 80°C and de- tection at 214 nm. The mobile phase buffers were A ( water with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid) and B (acetonitrile with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid), and the elution was effected with a gradient of 20–100% B over 30 min at a flow rate of 1 ml min 2 1 . Purity and identity of all compounds were checked by analytical HPLC and mass spectrometry. Purity was $ 50% for lipidated peptides and $ 90% for unlipidated peptides. Of the three HBV-ENV-derived H-2 b binders, only one (Env.371) yielded a relatively weak CTL-positive response (3.0 LU), and only in two of the six mice tested. Two control H-2K b restricted class I epitopes (lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) Np.396 and OVA.257) yielded vigorous responses (av-erage magnitudes of 6.5 and 16.9 LU, respectively) with 100% of the animals responding (data not shown).


Expansion of using SmartPhones last few years changed all data usage forecasts and it seems that only macro-cellular network layer will not be sufficient in meeting users request. Definition for HeterogeneousNetwork(HetNet) according to Wikipedia is: "Mobile Experts defines the Heterogeneous Network as a network with complex interoperation between macrocell, small cell, and in some cases WiFi network elements used together to provide a mosaic of coverage, with handoff capability between network elements." HetNet is an attractive means of expanding mobile network capacity. A HetNet is typically composed of multiple radio access technologies, architectures, transmission solutions, and radio base stations(RBS) of varying transmission power. The aim of this paper is to explain main aspects of increasing mobile networks capacity using HetNet. It will be explained design aspects of HetNet deployment also expected capacity gains and main concerns and problems which might occur while introducing HetNet in existing mobile networks such as signal imbalance between macrocellular layer and HetNet.


Because access to service information can be a crucial contingency for service use, this research uses the behavioral model of predisposing, enabling, and need factors to examine who used an information directory of health and human services that was distributed by mass mail. Data were collected from surveys mailed to 657 people aged 60 and older before and after service directory dissemination, and multiple logistic regression analyses examined the likelihood of different types of directory use. Respondents who were African American, were caregivers, or had transportation or personal assistance needs were most likely to seek information about community-based services. Enabling variables (directory packaging, prior service use, and awareness) and media-scanning predispositions also influenced remembering the directory and directory use for discretionary or nondiscretionary services. Although more research is necessary regarding why information is ignored or overlooked, older people are stimulated by the distribution of service directories to acquire information and to call agencies.


Abstract This paper presents the results of a large Australia‐wide survey which collected farm financial information and information about changes to farm‐management practices, as well as information about education and training, and a smaller survey of farmers who attended one of three training courses for farmers. The paper considers the relationship between education and training outcomes at macro and micro levels. At the macro level, education and training as well as prompts for change are considered, while at the micro level the influence of training on changes to practice is examined. Education and training enhance farmers' ability and willingness to make successful changes to their management practice. The training program is generally only one of several factors which influence participants to make changes in their practice. Training events are opportunities for interaction between participants and with expert trainers. This interaction assists in altering values and attitudes toward new practices.


This volume analyses the coalition life-cycle in ten countries in Central Eastern Europe, from pre-electoral alliances to government formation and portfolio distribution, to governing in coalitions, the events that eventually lead to a government termination, and electoral performance of coalition parties. This final chapter summarizes the main patterns of coalition politics and compares among the ten countries. In terms of the three models of coalition governance Hungary comes closest to the Dominant Prime Minister Model, Lithuania and Latvia approach the Ministerial Government Model, and Slovenia comes closest to the Coalition Compromise Model. The chapter also discusses how these findings contrast with the general patterns known from the literature on coalition politics in Western Europe. A few of the patterns of coalition politics are similar, including the relative frequency of different types of coalition governments and the increase and spread of the use of coalition governance mechanisms, such as written coalition contracts. Other features are more distinct: there have been fewer single-party governments and there is a stronger tendency to the Ministerial Government Model than in Western Europe. Over time, processes of learning and adjustment to coalition governance can be identified, however without a linear and general trend. Much of the change is rooted in party system changes, for instance the reversal of the initial growth of new political parties and the recent decline of the effective number of parties (ENP). While a less tangible result, the chapters also stress the role of personalities and animosities to impact coalition considerations.


Physical decomposition of the non-Abelian gauge field has recently helped to achieve a meaningful gluon spin. Here we extend this approach to gravity and attempt a meaningful gravitational energy. The metric is unambiguously separated into a pure geometric term which contributes a null curvature tensor, and a physical term which represents the true gravitational effect and always vanishes in a flat space-time. By this decomposition the conventional pseudotensors of the gravitational stress-energy are easily rescued to produce a definite physical result. Our decomposition applies to any symmetric tensor, and has an interesting relation to the transverse-traceless decomposition discussed by Arnowitt, Deser and Misner, and by York.


Abstract In this study, we created a database of 633 species collected from alpine meadows on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and considered the correlation of interspecific seed germinability variation with ecological, life-history, and phylogenetic background. We found that taxonomic membership accounted for the majority of the weighted germination index (WGI) variation (71%). The strong taxonomic effect suggests that WGI variation within taxonomic membership is constrained, and a large proportion of WGI variation is explained by life-history traits also correlated with taxonomic membership. The overlap does not negate the adaptive significance of the relationship between these life-history traits and germinability. In addition, the altitudes and habitats when considered first had no significant effect on seed germinability variation, but we found that there were significant interactions between altitudes (or habitats) and some phylogenetic groups. Although their interactions were all less than the main effects of phylogenetic groups, they could explain that the effect of phylogenetic constraint on seed germination was also impacted by environmental factors. Thus, we could not exclude the effect of longtime selection by environmental factors on seed germination, and we think interspecific seed germinability variation was affected by phylogenetic, life-history, and ecological factors together.


Foreword Walter Ruegg Part I. Themes and Patterns: 1. Themes Walter Ruegg 2. Patterns Guy Neave Part II. Structures: 3. Relations with authority Walter Ruegg and Jan Sadlack 4. Management and resources Geoffrey Lockwood 5. Teachers Thomas Finkenstaedt Part III. Students: 6. Admission A. H. Halsey 7. Curriculum, students, education Sheldon Rothblatt 8. Student movements and political activism Louis Vos 9. Graduation and careers Ulrich Teichler Part IV. Learning: 10. Social sciences, history and law Notker Hammerstein and Dirk Heirbaut 11. The mathematical, exact sciences John Ziman 12. The biological sciences Herbert Macgregor 13. Earth sciences Gordon Craig and S. K. Monro 14. Medicine John Ellis 15. Technology Christopher Watson Epilogue: prospects for the universities: a personal view Andris Barblan Appendix: universities founded in Europe between 1945 and 1995 Walter Ruegg.


PurposeThe goal of this study is to identify the problems of marketing military heritage as a tourism resource as well as to show how studies are linking the tourism industry with military historical sites to valorize epic wars and great tragedies as tourism development resources.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, evaluation of recently published research papers, articles and publications on military tourism is conducted.FindingsWhile most DMOs (Destination Management Organizations) and tourism organizations have been slow to acknowledge the potential benefits of military heritage tourism, the examples offered show how stakeholders can help promote military heritage tourism.Practical implicationsThe study has suggested managerial implications that will aid in the integration of stakeholder participation in the development of military heritage tourism.Originality/valueThis paper examines the constraints and potential benefits of military heritage tourism, as well as collaboration between stakeholders and military historic sites.


Abstract: This paper considers how, in the light of contemporary military transformations, feminist theorizing about women's military participation might be developed to take account of an emergent reality: the inclusion of increasing numbers of women in a range of roles within armed forces. A brief overview of established debates within feminist scholarship on women's military participation is provided, and we explore the trajectory of feminist strategies for change both within militaries and other institutions. The promise and limitations of UNSCR 1325 are discussed. The paper argues that existing feminist critiques often remain deterministic, and have too readily dismissed the possibilities for change created by women's participation, given the context of military transformations. Drawing on the idea of the regendered military, the paper presents a conceptual strategy for considering how feminist theorizing about the gender-military nexus can take seriously women's military participation whilst remaining alert to feminist political goals of gender equality, peace and justice.


This paper summarises the both common types and recently discovered form of insect mimicry. Special attention had been paid to the chemical mimicry, light mimicry, sound mimicry, mimicry polymorphism and complex. The biological significance of insect mimicry is briefly discussed.


After the last decades of the Twentieth Century, when the attention of the philosophers was monopolized by the language, today we are witnessing a sort of anthropological turn also affecting aesthetics. This essay tries to explore the way in which it is possible and useful to undertake this kind of investigation in dialogue with some results of the sciences dealing with the human nature. At the center is placed the survey on aesthetics as a form of life, according to the line that runs from Wittgenstien to Wollheim.