The paper sheds light on the summary criminal court formed on the occasion of the Hussar Rebellion ('Katanska buna', 1844), an unsuccessful rebellious attempt to overthrow the regime of the Defenders of the Constitution in Serbia. The author shall firstly provide a short introductory account of the rebellion, after which the formation and work of the summary criminal court shall be analyzed. Some sort of 'pre-investigation', conducted by Toma Vučić Perišić, the most distinguished personality within the regime of the Defenders of the Constitution, was provided with an unlimited mandate to quell the rebellion. The appointment and personalities of the judges will also be the subject of scrutiny, since it is an indication of the (im) partiality of a trial. The exposition will then continue with the lines having an inquiry carried out by the summary criminal court for the topic; the author shall put forward the presentation of evidence (the statements of the suspects, confrontations between the suspects, witness' statements, confrontations between suspects and witnesses, documentary evidence and guarantors). The next part of the paper shall be judgmentpassing; among the questions belonging to that matter, punishments, the mental element, mitigating/aggravating circumstances, and illegalities committed by the court in that stage of the proceedings will all be presented to the readers.


This paper presents a teaching experiment emphasizing the role of Multiple Representation Systems (MRS) within the context of Dynamic Geometry Systems such as the well-known educational software Cabri-Geometry II [1]. Eighteen 11 grade students (17 years old) participated in a teaching experiment aiming the learning of the notion of the power of a point with respect to a circle. Within the context of this experiment, a learning activity was proposed in which students would interact and which emphasized the use of interlinked MRS in terms of provision of: a) interactive, dynamic, visual geometrical constructions regarding the concepts in focus; namely, a circle (O, R) and a secant of this circle from point P intersecting this circle on points A and B , b) numerical representations of key aspects that constitute these concepts, c) visual area-representations of the multiplication of the segments that a secant of a circle intersects, d) a visual graphical representation of the curve drawn by the point where coordinates are the length of the segments PA, PB in a Cartesian system of coordinates when point B is dynamically dragged on the circle (O, R). The analysis of the data shows that all students were impressed by the dynamic and interlinked MRS provided and were actively and passionately involved in the activities set. All students also exploited the dynamic character of the MRS provided and expressed/verified conjectures regarding the concepts in focus. On the whole, different RS provided students with complementary ways to conceptualize the concepts in focus and also supplied them with opportunities to extend alternative meanings to these concepts.


International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research Available online at www.globalresearchonline.net ©Copyright protected. Unauthorised republication, reproduction, distribution, dissemination and copying of this document in whole or in part is strictly prohibited. Available online at www.globalresearchonline.net 194 Bhawna Saini*, Arkapal Bandyopadhyay, Mohit Kumar , Sameer Mohan Agarwal, Sandeep Saini 1 Department of Pharmacology, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India. 2 Department of Anaesthesia, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India. 3 Department of Nephrology, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India. *Corresponding author's E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


The Centre for Advanced Internet Architectures (CAIA) recently acquired 4 Endace DAG 3.7GF high performance capture cards. Where possible, the centre's standard experimental environment utilises the FreeBSD operating system and commodity PC hardware to perform experimental research. This report details how to use DAG 3.7GF capture cards with FreeBSD 7.0 in a variety of commonly required experimental network configurations used in day-to-day research.


The B. cereus group today consists of seven different species. One of them is Bacillus anthracis. Several of the species can cause food poisoning and will in most cases not be distinguished in routine food laboratories, apart from B. anthracis which is usually not haemolytic and is sensitive to penicillin. It has also been suggested that all these species are so closely related that they should be considered as the same species. In this overview the B. cereus group (apart from B. anthracis) will be handled mostly as the same species. B. cereus is a food poisoning bacterium of growing concern, although it does not usually cause the type of illness leading to news headlines. However, the spectrum of potential B. cereus toxicity ranges from strains used as probiotics for humans to highly toxic strains reported to be responsible for food-related fatalities (Stenfors Arnesen et al. 2008). As nonreportable diseases, the true number of cases and outbreaks is unknown, but large outbreaks have been reported from several countries. The fact that it is usually a relatively mild and short lasting disease (< 24 hours) is probably responsible for fact that it is under reported in offi cial statistics.


Currently, studies have been developing technologies that seek alternatives to combat impacts caused to the environment by waste from construction as well as to improve the properties of materials that are used in all engineering sectors. Taking concrete into account as the second most consumed material in the world, and Civil Engineering being the main responsible for this position, it became inevitable the study of greener alternatives in the use of this product. As an alternative, coconut fibers, also called coir, have been used as an addition to concrete. They are organic-natural materials, extracted exclusively from the fruit that comes from the common coconut, existing in abundance, being renewable and biodegradable. In addition to the other hundreds of articles from the coconut, the fiber is that removed from the mesocorpo, just below the shell, having a length varying from 5 to 50 cm, with a diameter between 0.5 and 0.6 mm. With the objective of understanding more about the behavior of this material as a solution for sustainability, this work was dedicated to test and analyze the functioning and the workability of the coconut fibers inside the concrete. For evaluation, 4 traits were tested with different percentages of coconut fiber, 0%, 2%, 5% and 8%. Three samples of each sample were tested in relation to the compression, totaling 40 specimens, with intervals of 7, 14 and 28 days and evaluated for water absorption after 14 days of submersion. All the work was carried out with the objective to make a comparison with the conventional concrete and performing wet steam cure.


Walnut blight, caused by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis (Xaj), is the most important disease of English walnuts (Juglans regia L.). Infections occur also on other Juglans species and inter-specific hybrids. With the aim of reporting the outputs of the Working Group 'Genetic Resources' of COST Action 873 on Xaj resistance/ tolerance of English walnut, the results of trials produced by this and other groups are illustrated and discussed in this paper. Methods of infection, descriptions of Xaj damages in leaves, and results of open field and laboratory tests are reported. The content of phenolic compounds of leaves and green fruits, and its relationship with tolerance/susceptibility, as well with host protection mechanisms against Xaj infection, are commented. Results show that a final and simple way for obtaining J. regia materials resistant to Xaj is not available. However, it looks like possible to find genotypes tolerant to Xaj out of native J. regia population where air temperature and humidity conditions favour the spreading of this bacterium.


The concept of enchantment offers a plausible explanation of the lures and thrills of consumer culture. We examine the theoretical foundation of the concept through a critique of Ritzer's enchantment thesis. We begin by assessing the enchantment/disenchantment discourse through a review of the main theoretical contributions to the area, first summarizing Max Weber's initial outline of the notion of disenchantment in the ProtestantEthicandSpiritofCapitalism.WethenconsiderColinCampbell'scritiqueof WeberandGeorgeRitzer'sdevelopmentinEnchanting a Disenchanted World. Finally, we apply Jean Baudrillard's Order of Simulacra to further resolve some of the open questions concerning the possibility of enchantment in contemporary consumer culture. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Next‐generation high‐speed optical networks demand the development of ultrafast optical interconnects capable of Tbit s−1 data rates. By utilizing colloidal CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dots, gated by intense THz pulses, a proof of concept of an all‐optical femtosecond electro‐absorption switch is presented in this work. Without any additional enhancement of the THz electric field, an extinction contrast of more than 6 dB and transmission changes in the visible of more than 15% are achieved, with the latter setting a new record for solution‐processed electro‐absorption materials at room temperature. The absence of physical artifacts, originating from electrodes and field enhancing structures, allows to employ a simple and intuitive numerical model, which rationalizes the large field‐induced electro‐absorption response. Supported by theoretical calculations, the importance of the energy band alignment of heterostructure quantum dots are discussed for the first time and suggest that further improvement of the modulation depth and contrast may be achieved with Type‐II quantum dots.


Using high-resolution hydrodynamics simulations, we show that equal-mass binaries accreting from a circumbinary disk evolve toward an orbital eccentricity of e ≃ 0.45, unless they are initialized on a nearly circular orbit with e ≲ 0.08, in which case they further circularize. The implied bi-modal eccentricity distribution resembles that seen in post-AGB stellar binaries. Large accretion spikes around periapse impart a tell-tale, quasiperiodic, bursty signature on the light curves of eccentric binaries. We predict that intermediate-mass and massive black hole binaries at z ≲ 10 entering the LISA band will have measurable eccentricities in the range of e ≃ 10−3 − 10−2, if they have experienced a gas-driven phase. On the other hand, GW190521 would have entered the LIGO/Virgo band with undetectable eccentricity ∼10−6 if it had been driven into the gravitational-wave regime by a gas disk.


Both alpha zein purified from a commericial preparation and beta zein prepared fresh from corn are soluble in the nonaqueous solvents formamide and dimethylformamide; in this regard zein resembles water soluble proteins such as insulin, ribonuclease, and lysozyme. On the basis of osmotic pressure measurements made in both formamide and dimethylformamide, alpha zein has a number average moleular weight of 21000-24000 daltons and shows no tendency to aggregate or dissociate. Beta zein exists in an aggregated state (dimer and higher forms) in dimethylformamide. Formamide dissociates the beta zein dimer into monomer units but aggregation to higher species occurs with increasing protein concentration.


Aim To compare minimally invasive (MIS) and standard surgical total knee replacement technique through a prospective, randomised, single-centre, multi-surgeon, controlled trial. Methods Between March 2007 and May 2009, 70 patients undergoing 73 total knee replacements were recruited. 31 operations were randomised to the MIS treatment arm, 42 to the standard control arm. Data were collected for mode of anaesthesia, American Society of Anaesthesiologists9 score (ASA), surgical time, Postoperative blood loss within surgical drains, length of stay and complications. Patients underwent surgery via a mini-mid vastus approach or medial parapatella approach (controls). All operations were performed


In this study, the prototype was made with the use of a filter to allow the exhaust gases in small and medium-sized diesel vehicles in the engine closest to the metal line to have low temperatures. To construct the sample, the products of the leading companies in the overseas markets were consulted, and then the best filter's position was selected based on the recycled temperature condition that had been analyzed as the operating characteristic, and by separating the temperature of the exhaust gases in the actual vehicle. Valuation with a car chassis dynamometer was performed in the NEDC (new European driving cycle) mode. The samples consisted of four cars, two benchmarked from overseas, one in the NEDC mode, and another that was not mounted on DPF. The result was that the two cars benchmarked from overseas were found to be better than the sample that was not placed on MDPF by 22~25%. The prototype's reduction efficiency fell to 20%.


The invention relates to a granulating method and application for an oral solid preparation and suitable to pharmaceutical companies. A material of a low melting point is heated and is melted to the liquid, the material is sprayed to a material of which the freezing point temperature is lower than the material or the mixture and which is in the dynamic state, the material of the low melting point is frozen, the material is bonded into granules, prepared granules are uniform, the flow performance is good, and the prepared granules serve as the intermediate of prepared pieces, capsules, granular agents and suspension. According to the method, a solution is not used, the energy consumption is low, the pollution is low, the problems that the environment is polluted caused by the fact that the energy consumption is high and the organic solvent is volatilized due to the solution (water, various organic solvents, the mixing solvent of organic solvents or the mixing solvent of water and organic solvents) which is used in a wet granulating method are solved, the solvent is not used, the material is at the low temperature, the granules are formed, and the method is suitable to granulating of solvents or heat-unstable materials.


This paper presents an analytical framework for understanding the East Asian crises. We argue that vulnerability was created by the boom and bust incurred under pegged exchange rates, and by liberalisation in the presence of a bank-based financial regime with implicit promises of bail-out. These vulnerabilities were interconnected. Negative shocks precipitated both currency devaluation and financial crisis, and the latter created obligations for the government to bail out the financial sector. The critical"feature which led to collapse was, we argue, the fact that currency depreciation led to a worsening of the financial crisis, due to massive unhedged borrowing in foreign currency, to which the fixed exchange rate regime had led. Financial collapse resulted when the currency devaluation was sufficiently large that those who had lent to the financial system came to believe that government guarantees could not be honoured. This in turn triggered fears of sovereign insolvency, which turned currency depreciation into currency collapse.


Acquired visual impairment evoked several psychological reactions. A person's adapta- tion to these reactions and their associated characteristics such as degree of vision loss, membership of a specific demographic, and impact on personality had been investi - gated. Socio-environmental variables also had an impact on psychological adjustment, and adaptation to vision loss had been explained using psychoanalytic models and stage models. Previous research had thus developed adjustment models incorporating the variables of anxiety, depression, self-esteem, self-efficacy, locus of control, acceptance of disability, attitudes toward blindness, and attributional style, among other influences. However, effective types of treatment based on these variables had not been empirically demonstrated. While grief work had been commonly used in intervention strategies, and there was now more information available about group counseling in this field, their evaluation had been insufficient. As an alternative, we implemented a structured group counseling program to decrease psychological distress in adults with visual impairment. The results indicated that participants who engaged in individual therapy in addition to group counseling showed decreased depression, fatigue, and confusion, and a sig - nificantly improved acceptance of their disability. The group counseling combined with individual cognitive therapy could be the effective tool to improve social influences and internal self of the person with visual impairment. recreation, and computer training. The programs were held 5 days per week, and the course ran for 6 months. The results indicated that participants in skills training alone ( n = 32) improved significantly in acceptance and attribution style, while also showing a trend of improvement in tension anxiety and self-esteem. However, participants with high levels of psychological distress (who indicated a T -score of Profile of Mood States Test over 60, n = 10) did not show any such improvements. Nevertheless, highly distressed participants that participated in group counseling ( n = 18) showed significant improvement in their attitudes toward visual impairment and reported decreased anxiety. Moreover, par ticipants that chose to engage in individual therapy in addition to group counseling ( n = 9) also showed a decrease in depressive mood, fatigue, and confusion, as well as significantly increased acceptance of their visual disability.


An efficient synthesis of 7-amino-6-imino-9-phenyl-6H-benzo[c]chromene-8-carbonitrile derivatives 3 by a three-component reaction of salicylaldehydes (=2-hydroxybenzaldehydes) 1, malononitrile (=propanedinitrile), and 2-(1-arylethylidene)malononitrile 2 under ultrasonic irradiation in EtOH is reported. Good yields, short reaction times, and easy purification are the main advantages of the present method. The structures were confirmed spectroscopically (IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR, and EI-MS) and by elemental analyses. A plausible mechanism for this reaction is proposed (Scheme 2).


Intramural gastric abscess is a rare phenomenon that can present as a focal intramural mass1–13 or can occupy the entire stomach, leading to diffuse suppurative gastritis.14,15 The bactericidal effect of gastric acid is partially responsible for the rarity of this condition.2 Pathogenic mechanisms include direct invasion by microorganisms secondary to gastric mucosal trauma from foreign body ingestion,3–5 endoscopic biopsy or polypectomy,6 ulcer, carcinoma, leiomyosarcoma,7 or empyema of the gallbladder.8 Alternatively, hematogenous seeding may result from pneumonia, endocarditis, impetigo, scarlet fever, typhoid fever, osteomyelitis, or erysipelas.9 Tis condition can also develop in the absence of any identifiable risk factors, as shown by the case reported by Khan and colleagues.16 Although Streptococcus is most often associated with this condition, a variety of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, as well as various fungi (eg, Candida glabrata), have been implicated.

As highlighted in the case presented by Khan and coworkers, the diagnosis of suppurative gastritis may be delayed in patients presenting with prolonged epigastric pain without fever or systemic signs of infection. Abdominal computed tomography often fails to reliably differentiate an intramural abscess from a malignancy,10,11 as illustrated in the patient treated by Khan and associates. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is a valuable diagnostic tool for evaluating intramural gastric subepithelial mass lesions that offers therapeutic potential. EUS accurately discerns the layer of origin within various gastric wall layers, mass size, echo-density, echo-pattern, and relationship to adjacent structures. The differential diagnosis of gastric subepithelial masses is broad and includes both neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions such as, but not limited to, gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), lipoma, granular cell tumor, glomus tumor, pancreatic rest, carcinoids, neurofibroma, hematoma, metastatic deposits, and intramural varices.12 The diagnosis is usually suspected based upon the presence of distinctive sonographic features with the addition of EUS-guided fine-needle aspirate (FNA) and core biopsy, which often allow definitive diagnosis. Given the rarity of gastric abscess, the typical sonographic features and potential spectrum of findings has not been sufficiently elucidated. However, the findings generally note a hypoechoic subepithelial mass with variable echogenicity10,11 containing fluid, echogenic debris, or a foreign body, as evidenced in the case presented by Khan and colleagues. Kang and coworkers found that an increased Doppler signal at the perimeter of gastric abscesses aids in their differentiation from other sub-epithelial masses (eg, GISTs), which typically demonstrate enhanced Doppler flow within the center of the lesion.13 EUS-FNA often facilitates diagnosis and allows fluid aspiration and analysis to guide the administration of antibiotics.

Definitive treatment should be initiated promptly to help alleviate the risk of mortality, which has been reported to be between 37% and 92%.11 Surgery, either resection or drainage, is the standard method of therapy. Alternatively, percutaneous or endoscopic drainage combined with antibiotics provides a less invasive alternative to surgery.1 Surgical management is preferred when the presence of underlying malignancy or clinical evidence of peritonitis is uncertain or following failed efforts at non-surgical (endoscopic or percutaneous) drainage.

In conclusion, a gastric wall abscess is a rare clinical entity. In the absence of specific clinical symptoms, the diagnosis is often delayed. Even though there is a lack of pathognomonic features, the endosonographic appearance often provides important clues to the diagnosis and aids in the exclusion of other pathologies. EUS may also be utilized in a therapeutic capacity to guide antibiotic selection for fluid aspiration.


Two-dimensional geographic information systems (GISs) are mature technology and applications such as car navigation systems are commonplace. As indoor positioning techniques are developing, indoor 3D models are attracting increasing attention. However, modeling and implementing indoor 3D models applicable to real-time, client-server environments such as 2D GIS is a challenge and no working applications have yet been reported. As part of a multi-stage project that aims to build 3D indoor applications running in real-time, we are currently developing a fire evacuation system. Although not definitely required at this stage, we used a spatial DBMS as the input data instead of CAD files; the process of building floor plans and stairs is shown here. In developing the simulation model, we improved the existing 'floor field' model such that it can accommodate the visibility factor. While the previous floor field model does not capture the visibility effect, we revised the algorithm so it can give different walking speeds to pedestrians based on the level of visibility to the exits from where the pedestrians are located. We show the process of building the proposed 3D model and test the simulation system using a campus building.


A new method of measuring the total phenolic compounds in wine and tea is proposed. The method is based on the fact that the decreased amount of H2O2 caused by the action of peroxidase is proportional to the oxidized amount of phenolic compounds in the solution. Decrease in H2O2 was sensitively detected with a semipermeable-membrane-covered, horseradish-peroxidase-entrapped, and ferrocene-embedded carbon paste electrode. This electrode allows the detection of (+)-catechin down to 0.3 µM and the response is linear up to 15 µM. The content of total phenolic compounds in wine and tea samples determined by the present method agrees well with results obtained by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Advantages of the proposed method over the Folin-Ciocalteu method include shorter detection time, smaller sample volume, one order of magnitude higher sensitivity, lesser degree of interference from coexisting SO2 and glucose, and applicability to colored, turbid, or colloidal samples. The method is not influenced by the oxygen level in samples. Samples require pretreatment if ascorbic acid is present.


In the aftermath of the Mannesmann case the German corporate law of executive compensation has been increasingly relying on incentive-based payments until the recent financial crisis. By including benchmarks for reasonable compensation in § 87 para. 1 of the Stock Corporation Act (AktG) as amended by the Law on the Appropriateness of Director Compensation in 2009, the German legislator further specified the crucial parameters for executive compensation, thus aligning the compensation agreement with market forces. In addition, a sustainable development of the company's business is provided for as a guideline for the structure of the compensation system, which is supposed to eliminate adverse incentive effects. However, it is shown that its implementation raises quite a few questions that are far from being resolved yet. That leaves some room for a quite wide discretion of the supervisory board in its decision in compensation matters. Its ensuing responsibility is complemented by the advisory vote of the shareholder meeting on the compensation system under § 120 para. 4 AktG. Upon a closer analysis the pertinent provision shows distrust on the part of the German legislator towards managerial power. Therefore, overall the dilemma whether to rely on optimal contracting as a governance mechanism or to primarily restrain managerial power has not been resolved yet in the German Law on the Appropriateness of Director Compensation of 2009.


This paper describes a method to improve the cache locality of sequential programs by scheduling fine-grained threads. The algorithm relies upon hints provided at the time of thread creation to det...


Wireless (contactless) transfer of electric power is a disruptive technology because it abandons wired transmission technology, the only technology used in electrical and electronic engineering until recently, just like in the past animal traction and film photography were replaced by mechanical traction and digital photography. Although revealed at the end of the nineteenth century through Tesla's inventions, it could be applied in practice only in the '80s of the twentieth century, with the development of power electronics and microprocessors. After an introduction and an overview of the operating principles, the paper presents the readiness level reached by this technology, the stage of standardization, Romanian achievements and future prospects for high power applications.


What causes compliance? This question poses the basic challenge to any drafter of an enforcement scheme. The answer does not leap readily to the blank page of the lawmaker or the mind of the sentencing official. Some think that compliance only occurs if punishment will be swift, certain, and harsh enough. Others believe the avoidance of social stigma causes more compliance. Still others voice the view that most compliance results from our social conscience about doing what is right. What we do know is that we cannot explain or understand enforcement issues fully or fairly without examining the fundamental issues about compliance. The inquiry starts with the question of whether any definite nexus exists between enforcement mechanisms and compliance. Those who draft enforcement mechanisms must think


Bojonegoro Regency is part of East Java Province. Geographically, Bojonegoro traversed by the river Bengawan Solo and became the natural border of Central Java province. Seeing the potential for tremendous Bojonegoro, very unfortunate if public spaces and natural potential malfunction and less noticed by the government. Given these potentials it is necessary to made a point to meet the needs and natural resources. And then the Bengawan Solo Resto Park is suitable to accommodate the natural resources. Basic concepts in planning and designing the Solo Resto And Park in Bojonegoro is as a culinary and recreation. With the Bengawan Solo Resto And Park is expected to become a new landmark of the place and so that people Bojonegoro has a new container for recreation and enjoy annual events are usually held on the river bengawan solo. Additionally resto park can produce solutions to problems and develop local potential for advancement Bojonegoro.


The theoretical analysis of the subcritical experiments performed at the IPEN/MB-01 reactor employing the coupled NJOY/AMPX-II/TORT systems was successfully accomplished. All the analysis was performed employing ENDF/B-VII.0. The theoretical approach follows all the steps of the subcritical model of Gandini and Salvatores. The theory/experiment comparison reveals that the calculated subcritical reactivity is in a very good agreement to the experimental values. The subcritical index ({xi}) shows some discrepancies although in this particular case some work still have to be made to model in a better way the neutron source present in the experiments. (authors)


The extraction process of essential nutrients in water and thermal processing of secondary animal raw materials was investigated. The formation of component composition (proteins, fats, carbohydrates) of broths influencing aromatic properties are established. The effect of concentration on an intensification of broths drying was established and it is shown that the use of ultrafiltration reduces the drying process.


Natural light levels vary drastically, and to deal with this variance vertebrates typically utilize a duplex retina that contains rod photoreceptors for dim-light vision and cone photoreceptors for bright-light vision. Squamate reptiles, however, are unique in the predominance of simplex retinas that contain only rods or cones. Evolutionary transitions between rods and cones, termed photoreceptor transmutations, have been proposed to explain the evolution of these simplex retinas, but little previous work has focused on the molecular evolutionary underpinnings of the observed morphological changes. The goal of this thesis is to expand knowledge of the evolution and molecular mechanisms of photoreceptor transmutation. In the first study, I provide strong support for the hypothesis that the morphologically all-cone retina of diurnal colubrid snakes evolved through transmutation of the rods to resemble the appearance, and function, of cones. In the second, I developed a new method of targeted sequence capture that enables efficient sequencing of complete coding regions across divergent taxa, which further provided data for the final two studies. In the third, I analyzed the effect that photoreceptor transmutation and snake


Objective: The proposed designs have been implemented in order to exploit the properties of Quantum Dot Cellular Automata majority voting to consent a modular robust crossing of wires. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Three structures namely 4x4, 5x5 and 8x8 coplanar buses with unique modular design in quantum dot cellular automata have been presented and the operation of these structures has been tested by QCA Designer Simulation Tool. These unique structures present a modus operandi for designing the modified robust coplanar bus with unique modular approach in nanotechnology. Findings: The proposed modular coplanar structures allow number of coplanar wires to cross without signal degradation and signal loss until information propagates the output. Compared to the reported literature, the proposed design has following advantages; • Unique modular approach in which wires can be intersected on the single layer without any intrusion or crosstalk. • High output polarity, fault tolerant capabilities, modular approach and robustness which makes it more efficient without any interference; • Use of sequential clock which makes it easier to understand and manufacture; • The signal and its counterpart can be simply taken out together due to the alternating polarization. • Proper use of clocking phase pairs in a traversed manner in order to permit the accurate propagation of signals. • Cells are evenly disseminated into the clocking zones which are implemented that the unusable spaces can be as small as feasible. • It has been concluded that it is easy to increase the number of inputs by adding the suitable layers with proposed unique modular approach. Application/Improvements: Starting from lowest number of inputs, it is easy to extend the proposed designs to large and then larger number of inputs by adding suitable layers which will prove efficient to tolerate various faults during the manufacturing process.


Human exploitation of earth's resources is leading to new problems day by day and hence newer methods are devised to overcome the same. One such case is breeding for abiotic stress, utilizing even non arable land, to feed the ever increasing population. A major stress leading to yield loss can be due to inland and coastal salinity. Rice is the most important cereal crop which feeds humans on earth. This review tries to analyse the efforts of breeders in minimising the effects of salt stress on the yield of rice crop.


Indium phosphide HEMT and HBT offer significantly improved performance for microwave and millimeter-wave applications compared to gallium arsenide HEMT and HBT. Both low-noise and power amplifiers benefit from the improved transport characteristics and high transconductance of these devices. Velocium and TRW are transitioning production capability from GaAs to InP products using 100 mm substrates to leverage InP's improved telecommunications performance.


We are introducing a novel series of 2,4-diaminoquinazolines as beta-catenin/Tcf4 inhibitors which were identified by ligand-based design. Here we elucidate the SAR of this series and explain how we were able to improve key molecular properties such as solubility and cLogP leading to compound 9. Analogue 9 exhibited better biological activity and improved physical and pharmacological properties relative to the HTS hit 49. Furthermore, 9 demonstrated good cell growth inhibition against several human colorectal cancer lines such as LoVo and HT29. In addition, treatment with compound 9 led to gene expression changes that overlapped significantly with the transcriptional profile resulting from the pathway inhibition by siRNA knockdown of beta-catenin or Tcf4. Subsequently, 9 was tested for efficacy in a beta-catenin/RKE-mouse xenograft, where it led to more then 50% decrease in tumor volume.


A logical reasoning system for defaults and diagnosis. A hierarchical protocol for coordinating multiagent behaviors. modelled, agents will ultimately have to strike a balance between breadth of coverage (more entities modelled, little detail) and depth of coverage (less entities, more detail). This issue is investigated in more detail elsewhere [7]. Through the above and a number of other single-and multi-agent coordination experiments addressing such issues as the production of emergent behavioral patterns, the TouringMachine architecture has been shown to be feasible and that, when suitably configured, can endow rational autonomous agents with appropriate levels of effective, robust, and flexible control for successfully carrying out multiple goals while simultaneously dealing with a number of dynamic multi-agent events. The integration of a number of traditionally expensive deliberative reasoning mechanisms (for example, causal modelling and hierarchical planning) with reactive or behavior-based mechanisms is a challenge which has been addressed in the TouringMachine architecture. Additional challenges such as enabling effective agent operation under real-time constraints and with bounded computational resources have also been addressed. The result is a novel architectural design which can successfully produce a range of useful behaviors required of sophisticated autonomous agents embedded in complex environments. The research presented here is ongoing; current work on the TouringMachine agent architecture includes an effort to generalize further the TouringWorld testbed, in particular, by separating the definition of the agent's domain of operation (description of the environment, initial goals to accomplish, criteria for successful completion of goals) from the specified configuration (capabilities, internal parameters and constraints) of the agent itself. Another aspect of the current work is to identify and incorporate new capabilities in order to extend the behavioral repertoire of agents; capabilities being considered at present include, among others, inductive learning, user modelling, and episodic memory management. Relatedly, a new domain to which TouringMachines are currently being applied involves adaptive information retrieval and filtering on the World Wide Web. References 1. Rodney A. Brooks. A robust layered control system for a mobile robot. independent routes to one destination or another. The interesting agent to focus on here — the one whose configuration is to be varied — is agent1 (the round one). The upper left-hand frame of Fig.4 simply shows the state of the world at time T = 15.5 seconds. Throughout the scenario, each agent continually updates and projects the models they hold of each other, checking to see if any conflicts …


The objective of this investigation was to determine the influence of machining parameters on the surface roughness of AISI 1050 steel and grey cast iron work pieces. It was observed that the surface roughness decreases with the increase in cutting speed. On increasing the feed for AISI 1050 steel, initially the surface roughness decreased up to 0.12 mm/rev feed and thereafter it increased, but for grey cast iron it increased with feed for all cutting conditions. The surface roughness was not affected significantly by tool separation distance. Compared to single tool turning process, the double tool turning produced much better surface finish. As a consequence, it is possible to reduce the cost of machining by suitably targeting the process parameters. An approximate cost analysis has been done to support this claim.


One of the sensitive systems in geomorphology is the coastal system in which rapid change is noted due to the collision of the two dynamic environments of sea and land. Coastal lines can record evidence of geomorphological alterations. Due to various reasons such as environment changes, global warming, and issues regarding human activities, studies and quantitative measurements from periodic changes are beneficial for the environmental management of shores. Remote sensing data and satellite images are considered to be reliable, concise sources for investigation and interpretation of the coastal line and for performing quantitative measurements. In this study we have used the TM-5 satellite images from 1986 and 2010, in a 24-year schedule to monitor the costal changes of Eastern Hormoz, based on the maximum likelihood method. Then, by using quantitative measurements, we analyzed coastal line changes according to pixel points, percentage of changes and amount of changed area. In addition, we investigated the trend in changes in the width and coastal line for a two-year period. In order to evaluate in a wider spectrum, we studied four sectional samplings. The results of this study revealed that in the 24-year this area has undergone considerable coast line changes, such that the changes reached to 2.8 kilometers in some areas, which may represent the fact that the hot line of water in 1986 progressed more toward the beach when compared to the 2010 data. In consideration of the coastal line changes and the 2010⁄1986 ratio, the level of changed area is 29,320,200 m 2 , and the percent change is 5,6% of the investigated coastal line which was prone to periodical changes.


Purpose – User-centred intelligent buildings (IBs) should respond to users ' needs holistically and the demand for end user applications is steadily growing. The purpose of this study is to answer: What are end user applications, what should they be called,andwhat aretheir key features? Design/methodology/approach – This is a mixed-method study. The authors have used different data sources, such as online research and interviews. In data processing, the authors have used word counting and Latent DirichletAllocationtopicmodeling. Findings – Theseenduserapplicationscan providethemissing user-centeredelementsofIBs. Theauthorshave found that " smart workplace solution " (SWS) is the best term to describe these applications, and they also describe thekeyfeatures,whichincludebooking,showingfreespaces,occupancytracking,way fi ndingandsearching. Research limitations/implications – As theenduser applicationsareconstantly andrapidly evolving, the latest evolving of such applications might not be covered. Furthermore, the authors have relied on companies ' informationas given. Originality/value – IBs have emerged over 20years ago, and these are the fi rst solutions that can be consideredtruly user-centered.


Biomaterials are materials that are employed to replace or enhance a bodily function and, as such, are commonly used in modern medicine. The performance of these systems is directly related to their viscoelastic properties. This paper provides an overview of the importance of such properties and how they may be manipulated to achieve optimal


Much of the success of the present MARGINS has come from developing true cross-disciplinary communities where none existed before. One of the main tasks in building a successor program will be to identify and mitigate other barriers to discovery, including those between the PRISMS Initiatives. Below we identify 5 major cross-cutting themes that bridge the Initiative structure: (1) origin and evolution of the continental crust; (2) fluids, magmas and their interactions; (3) climate-surface-tectonic feedbacks; (4) geochemical cycles; and (5) plate boundary deformation and geodynamics. We view these themes as likely areas in which major breakthroughs will occur within PRISMS. Earth's continental crust appears to be unique in the solar system, yet the processes and rates of its creation and consequent implications for composition and stability of the mantle lithosphere are not fully understood. Continental margins are dynamic environments where the continental crust and lithosphere are created, destroyed, and modified, providing natural laboratories for integrated studies of lithospheric origin and evolution. New continental crust is accreted tectonically or magmatically to pre-existing crustal masses at subduction, transform, and rifted margins. Subsequent tectonic, metamorphic, surficial, and magmatic processes fundamentally change the composition and structure of the continental crust at these margins. In both active and passive margins, erosion and deposition processes transfer material from mountains to basins, altering the thickness, density, and bulk composition of the crust in time and space. Surficial chemical and mechanical weathering processes partition elements, and fluvial systems redistribute segregated material, further contributing to compositional changes that distinguish continental crust from evolved mantle-derived magma. These tectono-magmatic, metamorphic, and weathering processes also control the spatial distribution of mineral, carbon, and hydrocarbon resources. Although the evolution of continental lithosphere spans many tectonic environments, volcanic arcs, rift zones, and flood basalt provinces are key locations to study processes governing the creation, modification, and destruction of the continental lithosphere. The bulk composition of continental crust (equivalent to an andesite) is more evolved than the mantle-derived magmas (equivalent to a basalt), requiring a shallower melting and differentiation, or processing within the continental lithosphere. Magmas may rise to the surface via dikes, or accumulate at the base of the crust, increasing its thickness through time. Magmas may also ascend to crustal magma chambers where fractional crystallization processes distill lighter elements. Mafic and ultramafic cumulates of differentiation can be denser than the underlying mantle and may delaminate on short time scales [e. Although most mantle-derived magmas …


A theoretical investigation is made of a nonlinear interaction of a high-current ultrarelativistic electron beam with a cold plasma. It is shown that external modulation not only provides an effective means for the control of the spectrum of instabilities (Ya. B. Fainberg, Sov. J. Plasma Phys. 3, 246 (1977)), but also largely determines the output power of a beam--plasma system, since the maximum of the oscillation energy corresponds to harmonics with small increments whose growth during the linear stage is partly suppressed by the external modulation. A nonlinear saturation of the field amplitude is due to a change in the waveguide properties of the plasma in a strong electric field and due to a considerable increase in the phase velocity of a wave (disappearance of a slow wave). Regular field pulses which appear in such a beam--plasma system are characterized by phase discontinuities near the amplitude maxima, which is typical of relaxation processes, and are described by a nonlinear equation with a small parameter in front of the highest-order derivative.


Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is the most basic and essential part of Software Defined Radio (SDR). Therefore, designing regular, reconfigurable, modular and low hardware complexity FFT computation block is very important. A single FFT block should be configurable for varying length FFT computation and also for computation of different transforms like DCT, DST etc. In this paper, the authors analyze implementation complexity and Noise to Signal Ratio (NSR) of Bruunpsilas FFT w.r.t. classical FFT for SDR. It is shown that, Bruunpsilas algorithm for FFT computation is ideally suited for SDR and should be used in preference over any classical FFT architecture for most practical cases.


Antonio Gramsci's notion of "passive revolution" has often been understood as a distinctive historical narrative, political concept, or theory of state formation. This article proposes to consider it instead as a "heuristic formula" within the "lexical architecture" of the Prison Notebooks. Based upon a diachronic and contextualist analysis of the usage of the formula, I argue that Gramsci's research on passive revolution emerged as a critical element within the development of his own distinctive conception of the "sublation" and "actualization" of the slogan of "the revolution in permanence." Attending to this dialectical relationship allows the political and strategic dimensions of passive revolution to be highlighted, and suggests new paths of research for the debate about its analytic fertility and contemporary relevance.


The paper aims at analyzing the function of revolution of basketball and the effect of the choice of aiming point on the shot probability by means of aerodynamics,sports-boidynamics and statistics.The major conclusions are as follows: The revolution forth is used in the moving shooting,revolution back is used in the middle and far shooting are dependent on the moves of shooting.The faster the velocity of revolution is,the more stable the basketball.The revolution back can elevate the arc of the fly-route of basketball and increase the shot probability.The revolution forth can speed the fly of basketball and benefit fast attack.The rim back which is aimed at is more scientific than the others.


AbstractThe following sections are included:THE EARLY YEARSTHE HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL AND FIRST JOBLEORA GIBBSMOVING TO SEATTLEOPPORTUNITIES FOR CAREER ADVANCEMENTFINANCIAL STRATEGYFAMILY STRATEGYREACHING THE TOPCHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICERRETIREMENTQUESTIONS FOR REFLECTION


New statutory schemes enacted to support the "War on Drugs" policies of the 1980s are being enforced in a manner which is increasing the likelihood of a greater number of wrongful convictions. This study examines these new anti-drug statutes by analyzing how and when the American criminal justice system may be incarcerating marginally culpable and even innocent defendants due to the easier convictability of those prosecuted under the new statutes. One new crime created by these statutes is "trafficking in controlled substances." An accused can be convicted under this powerfully sanctioned crime whenever the prosecution proves that he or she is only in "constructive possession" of a statutorily designated amount of a controlled substance. The significant change embodied in the new crime of "trafficking" is that it has reduced the amount of proof which used to be necessary to convict an accused person of the old drug dealer's crime, "possession of drugs with the intent to distribute." In "trafficking" statutes, the seminal element of the older crime has been omitted. This omission has facilitated convictions. Additionally, this study uncovers statutorily built-in sentencing disparities among the punishments which judges are forced to impose on those convicted of "trafficking" versus the punishments which judges have the discretion to impose for other equally serious felonies.


To overcome hole-injection limitation of p+–n emitter junction in 4H–SiC light triggered thyristor, a novel high-voltage 4H–SiC light triggered thyristor with double-deck thin n-base structure is proposed and demonstrated by two-dimensional numerical simulations. In this new structure, the conventional thin n-base is split to double-deck. The hole-injection of p+–n emitter junction is modulated by modulating the doping concentration and thickness of upper-deck thin n-base. With double-deck thin n-base, the current gain coefficient of the top pnp transistor in 4H–SiC light triggered thyristor is enhanced. As a result, the triggering light intensity and the turn-on delay time of 4H–SiC light triggered thyristor are both reduced. The simulation results show that the proposed 10-kV 4H–SiC light triggered thyristor is able to be triggered on by 500-mW/cm2 ultraviolet light pulse. Meanwhile, the turn-on delay time of the proposed thyristor is reduced to 337 ns.


By the testing to the sim ple bearing plate-girder bridge with oblique crossing,the stress and flexibility which are the controlsection and typicalposition ofthe plate-girder bridge under the equivalentload are got.The security and globality ofthe bridge are analyzed through com paring the data ofexperim entand the finite elem ent calculating.


Feng and Huang in 2016 defined a new notion called weighted topological entropy (pressure) and obtained the corresponding variational principle for compact dynamical systems. In this paper, it was our hope to carry out a further study from the following three aspects: (1) Inspired from the well-known classical entropy theory, we define various weighted topological (measure-theoretic) entropies and investigate their relationships. (2) The classical entropy formula of subsets and their transformations by factor maps is generalized to the weighted version. (3) A formula which comes from the Brin-Katok theorem of weighted conditional entropy is established.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the effect of pressurized steam on surface changes, structures of intermetallic particles and corrosion behavior of AA1050 aluminium.Design/methodology/approach – Industrially pure aluminium (AA1050, 99.5 per cent) surfaces were exposed to pressurized steam produced from a commercial pressure cooker at the maximum temperature of 116oC for 10 min. Surface morphology was observed using SEM‐EDX and FIB‐SEM. Phase identification and compositional depth profiling were investigated using XRD and GDOES, respectively. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements were used to study corrosion behavior.Findings – A 590 nm boehmite oxide layer was generated on AA1050 associated with partially dissolved and/or fallen off Fe‐containing intermetallic particles after exposure to pressurized steam. A significant reduction (25 times) in anodic and cathodic reactivities was observed due to the formation of the compact oxide layer.Originality/value – This paper reveals a deta...


If non-baryonic dark matter exists in the form of neutralinos, a neutrino flux is expected from the decay of neutralino pair annihilation products inside heavy celestial bodies. Data taken with the AMANDA (Antarctica Muon and Neutrino Detector Array) neutrino telescope located at the South Pole have been used in a search for this indirect dark matter signal. We present result from searches for neutralinos accumulated in the Sun and in the centre of the Earth, using the data taken up to 2003. The IceCube neutrino detector is being deployed at the South Pole since 2006. This cubic kilometer observatory with 80 strings of 60 photomultipliers will be completed in 2011. The data taken in 2007 with 22 strings have been used in the search for neutrino signal from neutralinos in the Sun. Preliminary results of this analysis will be shown. The planned IceCube detector will be complemented with a dense inner core, Deep Core, to improve the sensitivity in the GeV-TeV energy domain. We will also discuss the expected performance of the combined IceCube Deep Core detector in relation to dark matter searches.


Excerpt PREFACE In the spring of 1942 a new page was written into the history of United States naval warfare; the technic of "island hopping" was being developed in the South Pacific theatre of the...


A new method for transporting digital micro-fluids among multi chips has been proposed based on surface acoustic wave(SAW).It is composed of three piezo-electric chips: one is an interface chip and the others are working chips.Each chip has an interdigital transducer(IDT) with 27.5 MHz center frequency and a reflector,which are fabricated on 1280YX-cut lithium niobate(LiNbO3) substrate.A digital micro-fluid to be transported was first pipetted onto the working chip 2 by a micro-syringe.After the interface chip was adjusted to the same height with the working chip 2 and their gap was as small as possible,an amplified RF signal with 27.5 MHz frequency was applied to the IDT of the working chip 2.The IDT radiated SAW and the digital micro-fluid was actuated to the interface chip.Then the digital micro-fluid was transported from the interface chip to the working chip 1 using the similar method.Two digital micro-fluids on different working chips had successfully been mixed and react based on SAW.


An experimental study of Rayleigh–Bénard convection in the strongly turbulent regime is presented. We report results obtained at low Prandtl number (in mercury, Pr = 0.025), covering a range of Rayleigh numbers 5 × 106 < Ra < 5 × 109, and compare them with results at Pr∼1. The convective chamber consists of a cylindrical cell of aspect ratio 1. Heat flux measurements indicate a regime with Nusselt number increasing as Ra0.26, close to the 2/7 power observed at Pr∼1, but with a smaller prefactor, which contradicts recent theoretical predictions. A transition to a new turbulent regime is suggested for Ra ≃ 2 × 109, with significant increase of the Nusselt number. The formation of a large convective cell in the bulk is revealed by its thermal signature on the bottom and top plates. One frequency of the temperature oscillation is related to the velocity of this convective cell. We then obtain the typical temperature and velocity in the bulk versus the Rayleigh number, and compare them with similar results known for Pr∼1. We review two recent theoretical models, namely the mixing zone model of Castaing et al. (1989), and a model of the turbulent boundary layer by Shraiman & Siggia (1990). We discuss how these models fail at low Prandtl number, and propose modifications for this case. Specific scaling laws for fluids at low Prandtl number are then obtained, providing an interpretation of our experimental results in mercury, as well as extrapolations for other liquid metals.


This paper discusses the differences that may occur in terms of NOx formation while using different suspension-fired technical and pilot-scale units. The aim with the work is to examine the NOx formation and to show how the fuel volatile-composition can be a released and exposed, and, in turn, influence the NOx formation. The flames studied are both jet-type, fully developed turbulent and low-Reynolds number type flames. The units used are located at the University of Utah: the L1500 unit (1.5 MW unit) and the OFC unit (100 kW). The same fuel is used in all tests: Sufco coal. By using these two different units together with three different flame types, we can discuss the influence of both scale and flame type on the formation of NOx. This problem is well-known since previous pilot-scale combustion research (for example the work conducted by the IFRF in the late 1970s). However, the issue is certainly not always recognized in more recent studies. Furthermore, in targeting NOx emission issues in both power plants and industrial units, these scaling issues become critical in todays' NOx emission research. Therefore, this paper aims to bring this issue some attention. This work demonstrates that NOx formation is closely related to both scale and flame-type. The reason is that the NOx formation is mostly dependent on the time-temperature development combined with oxygen-exposure throughout the suspension. This will be clearly demonstrated in this paper by the experimental results, and then further analyzed by kinetic modelling. In future NOx formation work, these results should be used to create a model fully capable of recreating the differences in scale and flame type in suspension-fired units. Although NOx formation remains a classical combustion problem it is still difficult to tackle in modern large-scale solid-fuel units that cannot use secondary emission control (for process-related or economic reasons). This should prompt new research, related to both fuel-switch in existing units, load-variation in coal PF-units, rotary-kilns, and other coal-based applications; all needing to reduce and control their NOx emissions.


As a powerful sequence labeling model, conditional random field (CRF) has been applied to a number of natural language processing (NLP) tasks successfully. However, the high complexity of CRF training only allows a very small tag (or label)1 set, because the training becomes intractable as the tag set enlarges. This paper proposes an improved decomposed training and joint decoding algorithm for CRF learning. Instead of training a single CRF model for all tags, it trains a binary sub-CRF independently for each tag. A predicted tag sequence is then produced by a joint decoding algorithm based on the probabilistic output of all sub-CRFs involved. To test its effectiveness, this approach is applied to tackle Chinese word segmentation (CWS) as a character tagging problem. Our evaluation shows that it can reduce time and memory cost by 20-39% and 44-50%, respectively, without any significant performance loss on various large-scale data sets.


Abstract INSANE THERAPY: PORTRAIT OF A PSYCHOTHERAPY CULT. By Marybeth F. Ayella. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1998. 224 pages, ISBN 1-56639-600-x, $54.95 (cloth); ISBN 1-56639-601-8, $19.95. Reviewed by Keith McClellan. COMING CLEAN: OVERCOMING ADDICTION WITHOUT TREATMENT. By Robert Granfield and William Cloud. New York: New York University Press, 1999. 320 pages, ISBN 0-8147-1582-6, $18.50 (paper); ISBN 0-8147-1581-8, $55.00 (cloth). Reviewed by Keith McClellan.


The implications of recent precision Z‐pole, W mass, and weak neutral current data for testing the standard electroweak model, constraining that t quark and Higgs masses, αs (MZ), and grand unification are discussed. A fit to all data yields sin2θw(MZ)= 0.2325 ± 0.0024 (on‐shell), where the uncertainties are mainly from mt. In the standard model one predicts mt+17+15−23–17 GeV, where the central value assumes MH± 50 GeV (‐) or 1 TeV (+). In the minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model (MSSM) one predicts mt= 138+20−25± 5 GeV, where the difference is due the light Higgs scalar expected in the MSSM. There is no significant constraint on MH until mt is known independently. Including perturbative estimates of the O(ααsm2t) corrections, these values increase by ∼ 5 GeV.


Applying lower-hybrid power in short, intense pulses can overcome Landau damping, allowing penetration into the core of reactor-grade plasmas. We present theoretical description of the absorption which accounts for transient collisional effects as well as nonlinear broadening of the resonant plateau. We show results from ray-tracing calculations which include the nonlinear absorption. We also derive the conditions required for pump depletion by parametric instabilities, and assess density depletion by ponderomotive effects, scattering by low-frequency background fluctuations, and filamentation. Consideration of all of the aforementioned effects as well as potential source availability and launcher requirements leads to the consideration of scenarios based on 5--10 GW 30--100 {mu}s pulses for the ITER Conceptual Design. Experimental tests of the concept can be done by launching waves with high enough parallel wavenumber that the resonant electrons are only moderately far out on the tail of the distribution function. The experiments could entail checking the predicted variation of the penetration with the duration and peak power of the pulses as well as the launcher area. We give sample experimental parameters for the Microwave Tokamak Experiment (MTX), Alcator C-Mod, Versator, and D3-D. 15 refs., 3 figs.


Plasma loops in solar active regions have been observed in EUV and soft X-rays for decades. Their formation mechanism and properties, however, are still not fully understood. Predictions by early models, based on 1D hydrostatic equilibria with uniform plasma heating, are not consistent with high-resolution measurements. In this Letter, we demonstrate, via 3D simulations, that a class of heating models can lead to the dynamic formation of plasma loops provided the plasma is heated sufficiently to match SXT soft X-ray measurements. We show that individual flux tubes in a 3D magnetic structure tend to stand out against their neighbors. The loops have large aspect ratios and nearly uniform cross sections in the corona, similar to those observed by EIT and TRACE. The coronal EUV emission from these thermally unstable solutions is roughly consistent with EIT measurements. The solution oscillates in time through a large-amplitude, nonlinear cycle, leading to repeated brightening and fading of the loops.


Preface 1. PROSTAGLANDINS, PEPTIDOMIMETIC COMPOUNDS, AND RETINOIDS. 1.1 Prostaglandnis. 1.2 Peptidonimetic Compounds. 1.3 Retinoids. 1.4 A Miscellaneous Drug. References. 2. DRUG BASED ON A SUBSTITUTED BENZENE RING 2.1 Arylethanolamines. 2.2 Aryloxypropanolamines. 2.3 Arylsulfonic Acid Derivatives. 2.4 Arylacetic and Arylpropionic Acids. 3. INDENES, NAPHTHALENES AND OTHER POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS 3.1 Indenes. 3.2 Naphthalenes. 3.3 Partly Reduced Naphthalenes. 3.4 Tricyclic Compounds. References. 4. STEROIDS PART 1: ESTRANES, GONANES, AND ANDROSTANES 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Steroid Starting Materials. 4.3 Estranes. 4.4 Gonanes, the 19-nor Steroids. 4.5 Androstanes. References. 5. STEROIDS PART 2: COMPOUNDS RELATED TO PROGESTERONE, CORTISONE, AND CHOLESTEROL. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Progestins. 5.3 Corticosteroids. 5.4 Compounds Derived from Cholesterol. References. 6. NONSTEROIDAL SEX HORMONES AND THEIR ANTAGONISTS 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Estrogens. References. 7. OPIOID ANAlGESICS 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Drugs Derived from Morphine. 7.3 Compounds Prepared from Thebaine. 7.4 Morphinans. 7.5 Benzomorphans. 7.6 Analgesics Based on Nonfused Piperidines. References. 8. DRUGS BASED ON FIVE-MEMBERED HETEROCYCLES 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Rings that Contain One Heteroatom. 8.3 Rings that Contain Two Heteroatoms. 8.4 Rings that Contains Three or More Heteroatoms. References. 9. DRUGS BASED ON SIX-MEMBERED HETEROCYCLES. 9.1 Rings that Contain One Heteroatom. 9.2 Rings that Contain Two Heteroatoms. 9.3 Rings Containing Three Heteroatoms: The Triazines. References. 10. FIVE-MEMBERED HETEROCYCLES FUSED TO A BENZENE RING. 10.1 Compounds that Contain One Heteroatom. 10.2 Compounds that Contain Two Heteroatoms. 10.3 Compounds that Contain Three Heteroatoms. References. 11. SIX-MEMBERED HETEROCYCLES FUSED TO A BENZENE RING 11.1 Compounds that Contain One Heteroatom. 11.2 Compounds that Contain Two Heteroatoms. 11.3 Compounds that Contain Three Heteroatoms. References. 12. SEVEN-MEMBERED HETEROCYCLIC FUSED TO BENZENE. 12.1 Compounds with a Single Heterocyclic Atom. 12.2 Compounds with Two Heteroatoms. References. 13. HETEROCYLES FUSED TO TWO AROMATIC RINGS 13.1 Compounds Containing a Single Heteroatom. 13.2 Compounds Containing Two Heteroatoms. 13.3 Pyridine-Based Fused Tricyclic Compounds. References. 14. BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS 14.1 Penicillins. 14.2 Cephalosporins. 14.3 Monobactams. References. 15. HETEROCYCLES FUSED TO OTHER HETEROCYCLIC RINGS. 15.1 Two Fused Five-Membered Rings. 15.2 Five-Membered Heterocycles Fused to Six-Membered Rings. 15.3 Two Fused Six-Membered Rings. 15.4 Heterodiazepines. 15.5 Heterocyclic Compounds with Three or More Rings. References. Subject Index. Reaction Index. Cross Index of Biological Activities.


Fifty patients undergoing elective vagotomy for the treatment of chronic duodenal ulceration have been investigated pre‐operatively and again 3 months postoperatively to determine the extent and severity of associated gastro‐oesophageal reflux. Pre‐operatively all patients had a normal lower oesophageal sphincter pressure but 50 per cent had symptoms of gastro‐oesophagel reflux, 42 per cent had excessive reflux on 24 h pH monitoring and 30 per cent had oesophagitis on endoscopy and/or oesophageal biopsy. Postoperatively, reflux symptoms were present in only 12 per cent of patients but pH studies were still abnormal in 36 per cent and oesophagitis was observed in 32 per cent. Lower oesophageal sphincter pressure was unaffected by vagotomy. Gastro‐oesopheageal reflux is common in pre‐operative duodenal ulcer patients and is not significantly reduced by vagotomy. Careful pre‐operative oesophageal assessment is necessary to determine which duodenal ulcer patients require an anti‐reflux procedure in addition to vagotomy.


AbstractBiochemical, haematological and biometric studies of the African lungfish Protopterus annectens were carried out in order to establish their mean and reference values which would serve as baseline data for assessment of the health status of the fish and as a reference point for future comparative surveys. Differences in haematological parameters including haemoglobin concentration (Hb), red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), packed cell volume count (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were compared according to sex and seasons. The biometric parameters such as condition factor, hepatosomatic index and gonadosomatic index were also determined. Biochemical parameters such as alkaline phosphate (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), total protein (TP), albumin (A), globuline (GL), glucose (G), cholesterol level (CL) and urea (U) were compared according to sex and sea...


Summary. The effect of adrenergic drugs on ovum transport through the oviduct was studied at 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 and 84 hr post coitum (p.c.) in 240 mature, female Dutch-belted rabbits. In untreated rabbits, ova were located in the area of the ampullary-isthmic junction at 24 hr p.c.; most ova entered the uterus between 72 and 84 hr p.c. Epinephrine increased (P<0\m=.\01) the rate of ovum transport at 60 and 72 hr p.c., and most of the ova were found in the uterus. Phenoxybenzamine (\g=a\-blocker) inhibited ovum transport at 48 hr p.c. (P<0\m=.\05), while propranolol (\g=b\-blocker) was ineffective in altering ovum transport in any of the time periods. relationship and blocking


Patents as part of intellectual property rights that form the basis of modern industrial growth are based on new inventions, sophisticated technology, high quality, and quality standards. A patent is granted to protect the invention in the field of technology. Provisions in Law Number 13 of 2016 regarding Patents are considered by some to have made it difficult for patent holders from abroad to take part in Indonesia. The research method used in this study is normative juridical aiming to investigate patent issues from the perspective of the law governing it, in this case about the reasons underlying its formation, namely in Article 20 of the intellectual property rights perspective. Based on the research that has been done, the enactment of Article 20 of Law Number 13 of 2016 concerning Patents is expected that the Indonesian people will feel better welfare and life because it is expected that there will be many foreign investors registering their patents in Indonesia in addition to absorbing technology transfers and opening up many employment which will then result in reduced unemployment.


Roger Lewis, Director of Services at the Open College, replies to the article by Greville Rumble 'Open learning and the misuse of language' which appeared in Vol.4 No.2 (June, 1989). While accepting Rumble's argument that there is confusion in the use of the term open learning, Lewis rejects the claim that open learning systems, particularly in the corporate sector, have misrepresented their own characteristics in hijacking the fashionable term 'open', In addition to access, Lewis emphasises a range of other variables which must be taken into account.


This brief note highlights the importance of micro, small, and medium enterprises in India and the gains associated with the global value chain (GVC) participation for small and medium firms. The note also sheds light upon financial constraints as a major obstacle faced by these firms in their decision to participate in GVCs. The stagnancy in Indian manufacturing and the potential that GVC holds for the country, especially in line with the policy initiatives of Make in India, makes this a very pivotal area of research, and this research note aims to promote more research related to GVCs in India.


The values of density of snow cover and liquid water content and temperature in it on sunny and shady slopes in the Tianshan Mounntains were measured with an automatic meteorological instrument DELTA-T and a portable instrument( snow folk) in snowmelt season. The temporal and vertical variations of density of snow cover and liquid water content and temperature in it as well as their relationships with deep layer of snow cover,wind speed,air pressure,air temperature,air humidity,dew temperature( DP) and wet-bulb temperature( WB) were analyzed. The results are as follows: 1 Holistically,the snow cover temperature on sunny slope was higher than that on shady slope in snowmelt season. The average temperature of snow cover on sunny slope was higher at the early stage of snowmelt season,but it was contrary at the late stage. Average snow cover temperature was the highest in upper layer but the lowest in middle later on both the sunny and shady slopes. The temperature gradient of snow cover was negative on shady slope but positive on sunny slope in snowmelt season; 2 The average liquid water content in snow cover on sunny slope was higher than that on shady slope,it was the highest in lower layer of snow cover,and then in upper layer. The gradient of liquid water content in snow cover in snowmelt season was positive on shady slope but negative on sunny slope; 3 Density gradient of snow cover was high at the early stage of snowmelt season,but it was decreased at the late stage. Average density of snow cover on sunny slope was higher than that on shady slope. The inflection point of snow cover density on shady slope was 2 hours earlier than that on sunny slope.


A multichannel/multicolor visible light communication (VLC) system using entirely organic components, including organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic photodiodes (OPDs), is developed to demonstrate indoor lighting applications where the integration of OLEDs and OPDs has significant potential. To achieve this, tricolor (R/G/B)-selective OPD arrays for the receiver and tricolor OLED arrays for the emitter are developed. For (R/G/B)-selective OPDs, a Fabry-Pérot electrode structure to enhance color selectivity and a thick junction structure to effectively accommodate a wide range of driving voltages are introduced. For tricolor OLEDs, fluorescent-emitting materials are used to enhance the operating frequency in addition to introducing a cavity structure to achieve narrow emission. Utilizing these spectrally refined tricolor OPDs/OLEDs, a VLC system is designed for indoor lighting applications, and a systematic analysis of their signal-to-interference ratio dependence on the distance or angle between the transmitter and receiver is performed. The study's findings indicate the importance of emission angle-dependent wavelength shift of the OLED and the luminosity function, which varies with wavelength, in the R/G/B mixed-white-light-based VLC systems. Finally, the feasibility of VLC using tricolor OPDs/OLEDs in the real-life context of indoor white-color lighting is demonstrated, showing that the transmitted data patterns well-matched the received data patterns. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


From the analysis of developing status and combined with the huge funding gap of Guilin tourism,this article discusses the financing methods of it,and gives some corresponding recommendations.


We investigated how a 10–50 μm layer from soft ferromagnetic material, incorporated in the architecture of a composite superconducting tape, could influence the capability of the tape to transport electrical current. Numerical procedure was developed to calculate the local distribution of magnetic field and current in the condition when all the superconductor is carrying its critical current density. It was found that the concentration of magnetic flux in ferromagnetic layers allows to reduce the local value of magnetic flux density felt by the superconductor. In this way, the critical current of the tape in low applied magnetic fields can be improved. This theoretical prediction is confirmed by experimental observation.


The invention discloses a video file playback method and device. The method includes acquiring all the video files between the playback start time and playback end time input by a user, and generating a playback progress control interface; updating the current playback time according to the playback progress adjusting operation of a user, and re-positioning the video files for playback in the playback progress control interface. All the video files are extracted from a video cassette recorder or one or multiple cameras connected to the video cassette recorder and are located in the playback progress control interface. According to the technical scheme, the effects that usage is facilitated, positioning is accurate and positioning can be performed optionally by spanning different video files are achieved.


While patients with hereditary muscular disorder are more sedentary and believed to be at risk of thrombosis, there is little literature on thrombosis associated with hereditary muscular disorder. We report a rare case of double heterozy gous type I protein C deficiency and factor V Leiden in a patient with classic myotonic dystrophy.


This Technical Note describes a modified method to introduce large insertions in plasmids in two simple steps using the QuikChange II Site-Directed Mutagenesis kit. Dr. Wenge Wang in Dr. Wafik S. El-Deiry's lab at the University of Pennsylvania has used the QuikChange II kit and a modification of the method described by Geiser et al. (2001) to perform a large insertion of a PCR product into a target plasmid. He inserted the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) open reading frame (760 bp) to the C-terminus of death receptor TRAIL receptor 1/death receptor 4 (TRAIL-R1/DR4) right after the signal sequence, using the QuikChange II Site-Directed Mutagenesis kit with some modifications to the basic protocol. Dr. Wang transfected cells with the recombined plasmid and it generated a fusion protein with the correct molecular size (Figure 1).


Inhibins are heterodimeric (α:βA and α:βB) endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine factors of the TGFβ superfamily that are produced predominantly by ovarian granulosa cells in females and testicular Sertoli cells in males. Control of granulosa and Sertoli cell proliferation is lost in the inhibin α (Inhα) knockout mouse model, leading to gonadotropin-dependent gonadal tumors of the granulosa/Sertoli cell lineage in both females and males. Castrate Inhα knockout mice develop sex steroidogenic tumors of the adrenal cortex. Physiological control of granulosa/Sertoli cell cycle progression depends on p27Kip1 and cyclin D2, which function in the G1 → S phase transition. To study the cell cycle-regulatory factors involved in ovarian, testicular, and adrenal tumor development in vivo, we have bred Inhα mutant mice to mice with targeted disruptions of the p27 and cyclin D2 genes. Our previous studies demonstrated that inhibins act cooperatively with p27 to negatively regulate granulosa cell proliferation, as double ...


Historically, international migration was a movement of people from overcrowded, resource-poor areas to ones that were underpopulated, had resources, and could put migrants to work. Return or temporary international migration then was basically a survival strategy for rural families that did not have the skills to easily hold year-round jobs in the country of destination. The present period is different; this is an age of restriction. A greater proportion of international return migration is involuntary return migration. It is in the aforementioned contexts that we seek to investigate return and the differential impacts of diverse experiences of returnees in India, Mexico, Guatemala, and Europe. Our findings confirm that we are indeed in a moment of transition in the nature of international migration—more marked in some countries than in others—where it is unlikely to contribute to development in the countries of origin because of the changing nature of their economies—from rural to urban—and is increasingly rejected by the countries of destination. The exceptions will be highly skilled migration, which is attractive to both countries of origin and countries of destination. Thus, return migration and international migration are probably more sharply differentiated in their outcomes by class than they were in the past.


The Network Simulator (NS-2) is a most widely used network simulator. It has the capabilities to simulate a range of networks including wired and wireless networks. In this tutorial, we present the implementation of Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Protocol in NS-2. This tutorial is targeted to the novice user who wants to understand the implementation of AODV Protocol in NS-2.


The present invention relates generally to a process for the preparation of water-absorbing polymer particles, and (i) at least partially neutralized monoethylenically unsaturated carboxyl-containing monomers ([alpha] 1), at least one crosslinking agent and (.alpha.3), preparing a monomer aqueous solution containing, if desired (ii), a step of adding fine particles of the water-absorbing polymer in the aqueous monomer solution, a (iii) a polymerization initiator or two or more components a step of at least one component of the polymerization initiator system is added to the aqueous monomer solution comprising the steps of reducing the oxygen content of (iv) an aqueous monomer solution, the steps to be charged to the polymerization reactor (v) an aqueous monomer solution, (vi) a step of polymerizing the monomers in the aqueous monomer solution in the polymerization reactor, the (vii) a polymer gel strand was discharged from the polymerization reactor, optionally a polymer gel Obtaining a polymer gel particles by grinding, obtaining a (viii) drying the polymer gel particles, (ix) by grinding dried polymer gel particles water-absorbing polymer particles were pulverized (x) and performing classification of the water-absorbing polymer particles, (xi) and a step of treating the surface of the pulverization and classification water-absorbing polymer particles, in step (viii), obtained in step (vii) polymer gel particles the arranged at a position L Further, the present invention is water-absorbing polymer particles obtainable by the process according to the present invention, a composite material, a method of manufacturing a composite material, a composite material obtained by the process according to the present invention, the chemical products and water-absorbing polymer particles or composite material on use.


With the rapid growth in business size, todaypsilas businesses orient towards electronic technologies. Unfortunately the enormous size and hugely unstructured data on the Web. Extracting valuable information from such an ever-increasing data is an extremely tedious task towards the success of businesses. Web content mining can play a major role in solving these issues and application of Web content mining can be very encouraging in some areas. In this paper we present a review of some very interesting, efficient yet implementable techniques from the field of Web content mining and study their impact in the area specific to business user needs focusing both on the customer as well as the producer. These techniques have been analyzed and compared on the basis of their execution time and relevance of the result they produced against a particular search.


This paper explores the effect of several bank specific variables including capital adequacy on the profitability of listed commercial banks operating in Bangladesh. Determinants of banks' profitability like ROA and ROE have been assessed by the panel data (232 observations) of 29 listed banks out of 30, for the time period of eight years (2007-2014). These sample banks cover approximately 62% of total banking sector asset in the year 2014 in Bangladesh. In this study, profitability has been quantified in terms of regulatory capital, operating efficiency, bank's asset size, loan structure and leverage. This study found that the regulatory capital held by banks is greater than the minimum capital requirement guided under Basel II accord. Again, it has been showed that explanatory variables like capital adequacy, operating efficiency and loan structure are positively related to profitability of a bank. Keywords: Basel II, bank profitability dimension, Bangladesh.


Abstract Let (X, , μ) be a σ-finite measure space, p fixed, 1 < p < ∞, T a linear operator of L p(X,μ), {αi } a sequence of complex numbers. If exists and is finite a.e. we say the individual weighted ergodic theorem holds for T with the weights {αi } In this paper we show that if {αi } is a bounded Besicovitch sequence and T is a Dunford-Schwartz operator (i.e.: ||T||1≤1, ||T||∞≤1) then the individual weighted ergodic theorem holds for T with the weights {αi }.


IV. Commerce and Politics: Controversy in East and West: Paul B. Cares, "The Conquest of Formosa: DutchChinese Relationships in the 17th Century" (Dutch bete noire was Coxinga) ; Frank E. Dykema, "The Decline of Dutch Commercial Privilege in France, 1648-1657" (modification of the Dutch slogan of "free ships, free goods") ; Robert L. Haan, "Dutch Opinion During the First Anglo-Dutch War" (based on W. P. C. Knuttel's Catalogus of pamphlets put out by Calvinists, Regents, and Orangists respectively: some delicacies for cynics). V. The Brethren of the Common Life and Their Contribution to Modern Civilization: Julia S. Henkel, "School Organizational Patterns of the Brethren . . ." (evidence that the eight grades of the elementary schools have beginnings with the Brethren) ; Kenneth A. Strand, "The Brethren . . . and 15th Century Printing: A Brief Survey" (opens a rich vein; we hope for more).


At least 3 known p)athwvays are available to a cell to sviitiesize saturated fatty acicls: A ) the ialoiOllolCoA p)athwavy xvhich has l)een shoxvn to restilt in (it,lvon Rylithiesis of long-chain fatty acidsP,B) reversal of the /-oxidation pathwxay xvhichi resuilts primiarilv in svinthesis of short-chiaini acids and only ne-lioible amloutilits of long-chain fatty acids. and C ) a comibinatioin of these 2 processes 1by xhich lrodullcts of the nialonyl-CoA systein may be elongatted prestumaby by enzymes of the p-oxidation path-


Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is one of the most common viral causes of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in infants and results in pneumonia. In the present study, we used AFM to observe the effect of Gold and Silver nanoparticles on RSV virus particles. The results indicated that RSV particles were almost round in shape as detected by AFM. Even though the dimensions of the RSV particle exhibited a polymorphous distribution via off1line p article analysis of AFM, most of the RSV particles had a diameter of approximate 135nm. When we mixed RSV with gold nanoparticles, we observed that gold nanoparticles were bound around RSV and RSV started shrinking in size. Further, in vitro infection of Hep12 cells were performed with either RSV alone or RSV mixed with gold nanoparticles. Infected cells were fixed at different time intervals to observe RSV entry into the cells and propagation of the infection.


The influence of the addition of two carbon nanotubes(CNTs),namely,multiple-wall carbon nanotubes(MWNT) and OH-functionalized MWNT,on the carbonization behavior of coal-tar pitch was studied.The mixtures of coal-tar pitch and CNTs were prepared by ultrasonic-assisted dispersion in liquid phrase.The thermal behavior of the mixtures was studied by thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).In addition,the optical texture and micro-crystal structure of resultant cokes produced from carbonization of the mixtures were characterized by reflected polarized light microscopy and X-ray diffraction(XRD),respectively.The results show that the thermal stability of coal-tar pitch increases with the addition of CNTs,indicated by that the weight loss temperature and coke value is improved.Moreover,the addition of CNTs contributes to the formation of large anisotropic unit in some regions of the optical texture,which results in an increase in the heterogeneity of the micro-crystal structure of resultant cokes.


This paper relates the experience of the Mississippi Highway Department (MHD) with horizontally drilled drains and conduits in soil. MHD has used horizontally drilled drains that had an inside diameter of 3.8 cm (1.5 in) and conduits that had an inside diameter of 12.7 cm (5 in) with interconnecting vertically drilled drains to effectively achieve subsurface drainage. The advantages of drilled drains and conduits over trench excavations (to eliminate the risk associated with the latter) are discussed. Two case histories are described. The first describes the use of large-diameter interconnecting vertically drilled shafts to create a drainable reservoir in a deep irregular formation. The second describes the use of long horizontally drilled perforated drains to reduce the water table in an active landslide. (Author)


This chapter examined digital libraries and copyright issues. It considered several issues such as the meaning of digital libraries, the characteristics, functions, digital scholarship services, copyright and the materials that can be and cannot be copyrighted, fair use of library materials, reservation for general use, access to electronic copies, guidelines for fair use in the digital libraries, library reproduction and re-distribution and inter-library loan. The chapter concludes that, reading through this chapter, undergraduates, academics and other library users will have a good understanding of what the digital libraries are and copyright issue all of which are considered very important and germane as we approach paperless society.


An estimated 85% of Afghanistan's population lives in rural areas, most of which are resource poor farmers whose livelihoods depend on agriculture and livestock in agro-pastoral or crop-livestock systems. Agriculture – including the processing of agricultural and livestock products -- provide employment to a bulk of the labor force. Thus, Afghanistan's economy is based mainly on agriculture and livestock production. Wheat provides the bulk of calorie intake, and accounts for about 70% of the area devoted to cereals and 75% of food grain production. According to the National Agricultural Master Plan of Afghanistan, achieving food security is one of the top priorities of the Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (MAIL). However, average yields of food and forage crops and livestock productivity are far lower in Afghanistan than their potential. Addressing the problems of Afghanistan's agriculture requires an integrated and multi-disciplinary approach.


The neotropical genus Marsypianthes (Lamiaceae: Ocimeae) includes nearly 6 species distributed from Mexico to Bolivia, Brazil and northeastern Argentina.  In the present study Marsypianthes hassleri is confirmed and  M. chamaedrys is a new report for the Argentinian flora. Morphological and geographical data, types, synonymy, retypification of M. hassleri , identification key and iconography are provided.


Cycloconverter can provide excitation for AC exciting generator(ACEM),but its control theory and calculation errors lead to the problem that there are aberrance and dissymmetry in the 3-phases output waves.Under this condition,using mathematic model to simulate and analysis ACEM will result in biggish errors.Especially,mathematic model can't be connected with other simulation circuits,so it is impossible to simulate the whole ACEM system directly.The dynamic equivalent circuit,based on the basic electromagnetic theory of generator,contacts output variables with input variables and generator's parameters in the form of circuit.The whole ACEM system including Cycloconverter circuit is simulated and analyzed in this work by dynamic equivalent circuit,and the simulation results are compared with experiment,the discussion of harmonic components are gave too.


The Wireless IP project studies problems that are crucial in the evolution of UMTS towards high data rates, as well as in future 4G technologies aimed at rapidly mobile terminals. The goal is to attain higher througputs for packet data in downlinks, without bandwidth expansion and while providing acceptable quality of service for various classes of traffic. To achieve this goal, form bottom to top we design a series of rule to match this: In physical layer ,we improve the quality by using OFDM and soft information; In network layer, we add a new gateway IP layer into additional IP protocol layer to receive and interchange wired IP packet and wireless IP packet; In transport layer, the instantaneous channel quality of fast fading channels is measured and predicted for each user. In addition, We also investigate the use in higher layers of soft information from the decoding in the link layer,possibly to create wirelessaware applications that use combined source and channel decoding.


T.S. Eliot is an exceptional, unusual playwright. He fuses classicism and modernism in his plays and other literary works. However, this rare technique of making plays has been successfully used by him. He combines Greek myth and Christian rituals with contemporary issues, especially those relating to the masses or average citizens, in order to express his cultural ideals. Because of this special technique that is effectively wielded only by a few playwrights, T.S. Eliot included, he became an enigma for many literary historians. This paper thoroughly analyzes how T.S. Eliot uses both classicism and modernism in his plays, which is a rare but effective art of dramatization.


This paper presents the investigation on design efficiency of two different 3-axis printed circuit board (PCB) drilling
machine products using Boothroyd Dewhurst design for manufacturing and assembly (DFMA) approach. The two products that are used as a case study named machine A and machine B products. The investigation also intends to analyze on the total operation time, and total parts of the two existing machine products. A comparative study was done for both products that give better results for machine A in term of design efficiency and total operation time compared to machine B. However, the total parts of machine A is still higher than machine B. Therefore, the modified machine A is proposed to improve the design efficiency by minimizing the
total parts of machine A. The Boothroyd Dewhurst DFMA technique is then utilizedd to analyze the proposed modified machine A. As results, the design efficiency of the proposed modified machine A improves from 5.81% to 9.24%.


Under the circumstance of rapid development of the new media,Party Newspaper should give play to the mainstream media and lead public opinions in our society by bringing about a new pattern for public opinions.Changsha Evening has firmly established the sense of Party newspaper and plays the role of "organ";it takes the Party newspaper as the leading role and develops a variety of new media,which would become amplifiers for the mainstream media;it has also carried out the conglomerate management and created a regional media center.


This paper aims to reflect about the contemporary clinic that is updated with the aspects staged in the transference and that interrogates the clinic that we actually do taking as object of study the cut of accompaniment a young person in situation of analysis based on the psychoanalytical method. The inquiries of the work gravitate around the possibilities of creating new ways of listening. Inspired by Winnicott's thought and with the purpose of explaining the relationship between the time in which we live and how it is reflected in the clinic we actually practice, we choose to delineate perceptions of a clinical case in order to question how the schizoidia, by wealth that it represents, can portray a phenomenon both clinically and culturally.


Abstract : Experimental data are presented on flow structure, mean, and fluctuating velocities in turbulent boundary layers over a family of flat surfaces with transverse roughness elements made of square bars of variable spacing. All flows were incompressible and had zero streamwise pressure gradient. The flow structures are described for surfaces extending from hydraulically smooth to fully rough. A distinct flow pattern is observed in the wall region for each of four cases: smooth, skimming, wake-interference and isolated-roughness flow. Maximum roughness was observed with a ratio of gap to bar width of approximately 11. The most obvious effect of an increase in surface roughness is the distinct increase of turbulence production and the concomittant increase in the value of eddy viscosity. It is shown that this increase in eddy viscosity increases the total thickness of the layer in the same way that an increase in molecular viscosity would do in a laminar layer. The normalization of eddy viscosity for the outer portion of the layer as suggested by Clauser is found to apply to the rough surfaces studied. (Author)


It was a complex fourth-order oscillating system with some time delay between the diameter of single crystal silicon and power.The performance of the system,which was controlled with usually method,was not satisfactory.In this paper,adaptive reduced-order model plus dead time had been used to approximate the complex high-order system and to compensate inertia time delay.Simulation results showed that the control system with adaptive reduced-order model plus dead time had good ability to auto-approximating the complex system and to compensate time delay.The diameter control system obtained perfect dynamic and static performance.


This paper presents the effects of magnetorheological (MR) fluid parameters, bidisperse ratio, carrier fluid viscosity and particle volume fraction, on its mechanical behaviour using statistical investigation. Silicone oil-based MR fluid samples were compressed using universal testing machine (UTM) in a vertical direction. A set of eight experiments was designed by Design Expert 7 software in which was conducted at two levels for each factor. Stress-strain curves that obtained from the compression test were then analysed by testXpert analyser software. The responses in terms of maximum stresses at 0.75 of strain were extracted from the curves. The result indicated that a combination of high bidisperse ratio and particle volume fraction, and a low carrier fluid viscosity could produce a high compressive stress. The findings are important to be considered in designing squeeze mode MR fluid actuators.


[reaction: see text] A new halopropargylation of alkynes promoted by boron trihalides has been developed. Reactions of (Z)-2-halo-1-vinylboron dihalides (generated in situ via reaction of alkynes with boron trihalides) with lithium propargyloxides in CH(2)Cl(2) at room temperature produce the corresponding (Z)-1-halo-1,4-enynes in modest to good yields.


With the ever-accelerated development of network technology, the real-time transmission of multimedia is the inexorable trend of the development. The Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL), a kind of streaming media technology, is discussed along with its characteristics and application classifications. The architecture of the SMIL, along with its function, program organization and layout of the established program, is detailed. An example is given in the analysis.


A CMOS-based small signal current amplifier, which is constructed from two current-squaring circuits with improved dynamic range is introduced. A circuit technique for realising an integrable electronically tunable current conveyor that is designed around the current amplifier is proposed. >


Socialist fundamental contradiction is a very important issue of socialist construction.DENG Xiaoping makes great contributions to solving socialist fundamental contradictions in the following aspects: the concrete forms of expression of the contradiction,the central link and channels and the way of solving the contradictions.