ple, in many countries overcutting has so depleted timber stocks that the traditional contribution of the forestry sector to income and employment is starting to decline. Shifting cultivation in marginal lands leads to soil erosion and declining productivity. Watershed deforestation, from both logging and upland farming, has reduced the downstream irrigation and energy-generation potentials of water resources. While price and tax reforms can be critical ingredients in reducing the damage in commercial sectors, where large communities of individual resource users exploit common property or openaccess resources, institutional changes are also required. This paper presents a framework to incorporate the role of population growth and institutions in understanding the pressures for resource overexploitation. The problem of resource degradation is elaborated in the context of two Asian countries-the Philippines and Nepal-where population pressure on forestry and agricultural resources is substantial. The discussion shows


In a previous study we investigated three-scalar mixing in a turbulent coaxial jet (Cai et al. J. Fluid Mech., vol. 685, 2011, pp. 495–531). In this flow a centre jet and a co-flow are separated by an annular flow; therefore, the resulting mixing process approximates that in a turbulent non-premixed flame. In the present study, we investigate the effects of the velocity and length scale ratios of the annular flow to the centre jet, which determine the relative mean shear rates between the streams and the degree of separation between the centre jet and the co-flow, respectively. Simultaneous planar laser-induced fluorescence and Rayleigh scattering are employed to obtain the mass fractions of the centre jet scalar (acetone-doped air) and the annular flow scalar (ethylene). The results show that varying the velocity ratio and the annulus width modifies the scalar fields through mean-flow advection, turbulent transport and small-scale mixing. While the evolution of the mean scalar profiles is dominated by the mean-flow advection, the shape of the joint probability density function (JPDF) was found to be largely determined by the turbulent transport and molecular diffusion. Increasing the velocity ratio results in stronger turbulent transport, making the initial scalar evolution faster. However, further downstream the evolution is delayed due to slower small-scale mixing. The JPDF for the higher velocity ratio cases is bimodal at some locations while it is always unimodal for the lower velocity ratio cases. Increasing the annulus width delays the progression of mixing, and makes the effects of the velocity ratio more pronounced. For all cases the diffusion velocity streamlines in the scalar space representing the effects of molecular diffusion generally converge quickly to a curved manifold, whose curvature is reduced as mixing progresses. The curvature of the manifold increases significantly with the velocity and length scale ratios. Predicting the observed mixing path along the manifold as well as its dependence on the velocity and length scale ratios presents a challenge for mixing models. The results in the present study have implications for understanding and modelling multiscalar mixing in turbulent reactive flows.


A pair of cable guys are preparing for three spacewalks while the crew wrapped up an experiment studying the risk of infectious diseases in space.


A model is proposed of the formation of distributing the concentration of hydrogen in wire influenced by acidic removal of scales and further calibration. Two equations of forced concentration diffusion distributions of the axis are obtained.


Twenty‐five years of high‐resolution (1/12°) ocean reanalysis are used to examine the Confluence of the Malvinas Current (MC) with the Brazil Current (BC) from synoptic to interannual time scales. The model transports of the MC (38.0 Sv ± 7.4 Sv 57 at 41°S) and the BC (23.0 Sv ± 11 Sv at 36°S) agree with observations. The model shows the branching of the MC near the Confluence with an offshore branch returning south and an inner branch sinking below the BC and managing to continue northward along the continental slope. Northward velocities associated with the subsurface inner branch peak at 40 cm/s at 36°S at 700‐m depth. The model documents the migrations of the Subantarctic (SAF) and Subtropical Fronts (STF) at the Confluence. The SAF and STF positions vary over a large range at synoptic (800 km) and interannual scale (300 and 200 km, respectively) compared to the rather small seasonal migrations of the STF (150 km) and SAF (50 km). While trends in the MC are small over the 25 years of the reanalysis, the BC becomes more intense (12.5 cm/s), saltier (0.37 psu), and warmer (2.5°C) in the upper 1,000 m. These trends are accompanied with a southward displacement of the STF and the SAF of 150 and 50 km.


It is our great pleasure to announce that the 2023 International Conference on Physical Science, Electrical Technology and Energy (PSETE 2023) was successfully held on April 29-30, 2023 in Brisbane, Australia. We are delighted to welcome you to the attractive city. This conference addresses diverse topics related to recent trends and progress made in the fields of advanced physical science, applied physics, electrical technology, and energy systems. PSETE 2023 provided a suitable environment and opportunity to discuss new research and engineering achievements on more flexible, robust, sophisticated, and predictive solutions for the existing and coming problems and challenges.
PSETE 2023 facilitated the participants from all over the world to meet face to face, and to open chances in establishing connection and collaboration among them. It was not only for the researchers in academics, but also in industries and governments. This conference became an effective media to link the researchers from many parts of the world, for exchanging, sharing, following up and discussing the results of the latest researches, industry's needs, and government regulatory policies.
In the PSETE 2023, there were 3 invited speakers. The conference committee would like to thank all the participants, speakers, reviewers, and their respected institution that have supported for the success of this conference.
Conference Committee of PSETE
Brisbane, Australia


The ''pig'', a cleaning device currently used to clear out pipes, is discussed here. Types of pigs are described and include styrofoam, rubber, and soft foam. The limitations to the use of pigs are discussed. Unless all valves are fully open, a pig can get stuck. Ball-type tees may cause a short pig to drop and bypass. Generally, no pig is able to traverse a one-cut miter.


To the Editor:— Although self analysis is a most laudable form of criticism, it can sometimes take such an extreme form that it only defeats its own purpose. The investigation to determine the relative diagnostic efficiency of the various roentgen modalities employed in mass x-ray surveys for tuberculosis case finding by Birkelo, Chamberlain, Phelps, Schools, Zacks and Yershulamy (The Journal, February 8) resulted in the comment that no one technic was superior to the others. In itself this conclusion might lead one to accept any one method of roentgen survey as efficient as another. An examination of the results, however, does not entirely bear this out, for it revealed an astonishingly wide variation in interpretation by various examiners and by the same examiners at various times. One interpreter found 47 cases positive for tuberculosis, while four of the interpreters agreed on only 17 cases. Twenty per cent of the films


Structurally, the fields are predominately, faulted anticlines with four-way closure. The structures are a result of large-scale strike-slip movement. Two major strike-slip directions, along with their associated reidal and anti-reidal faults have been identified. Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonic events have been overprinted on an earlier Infracambrian structural framework. Historically, seismic interpretation were constrained by the use of the old 3D interpretation techniques of analyzing static sections. The advent of simultaneous visualization of multiple seismic attributes (coherency, spectral decomposition, acoustic impedance, and amplitude) on the merged 3D volumes has allowed identification of subtle faults and increased the quality of well placement (Figure 1) The faults have little vertical offset, in general and were not seen using the old interpretation techniques due to their subtleness. These strike-slip faults have been confirmed from production and pressure data as pressure barriers and flow baffles. Calibration of the reservoir properties across the faults requires the detailed integration of all available data. AAPG International Conference Barcelona, Spain September 21-24, 2003


Objectives. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is the most common spinal disorder causing disability in individuals over 55. Improvements following surgical decompression are often limited and patients remain severely disabled. Developing strategies to promote neurological recovery following CSM require an understanding of the cellular and molecular events in CSM. Th e following study compared microglia activation in a preclinical model of mild to moderate CSM during compression and following surgical decompression. Design. Laboratory study. Subjects. 20 adult male SD rats were randomised to groups 1) controls, 2) compression, 3) compression followed by decompression. Methods. Sublaminar implantation of an expandable polymer induced chronic compression. After 10 weeks a surgical laminectomy was performed and the implant removed. Immunohistochemical fi ndings were analysed by 1 way ANOVA and Dunnett's post tests. Results. Compression resulted in neurological defi cits, increased expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP), a marker of axonal injury, and a strong increase in the presence in microglia of both M1 and M2 type. Surgical decompression partially reversed the neurobehavioral defi cits, attenuated APP expression and microglial presence. Ameboid microglia morphology persisted following decompression. Conclusions. Microglia / macrophages are activated as a consequence of chronic spinal cord compression. After decompression the pattern of activation changes. Further studies are needed to understand the implications of our fi ndings. PROCEEDINGS


PRC is a part of the male reproductive system that helps make and store seminal fluid. In adult men, a typical prostate is about 3 centimetres long and weighs about 20 grams. It is located in the pelvis, below the urinary bladder and in front of the rectum. PRC is considered a malignant tumour because it is a mass of cells that can invade other parts of the body. PRC most commonly metastasizes to the bones, lymph nodes, and may into the rectum, bladder and lower ureters after local progression. The route of metastasis to the bone is thought to be venous as the prostatic venous plexus drairs into the prostate connecting with the vertebral veins. PRC is a zinc-accumulating, citrate-producing organ. The main function of non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinase (nRTKs) is to participate signal transduction in activated T-cells and B-cells in the immune system. Most of the nRTKs are localised in the cytoplasm. TNK1/Kos1 is a 72-KDa NRPTK located on the human chromosome 17p13.1. TNK1/Kos1 is a member of the Ack family, and it is involved in apoptosis and cell growth, but the results are controversial. Nuclear factor-κB and Ras may mediate these effects of TNK1. To investigate the role of TNK1 in PC-3 cells, TNK1 deficient cells were used in the study. The results showed that TNK1 deficiency inhibited cell survival and clonogenicity of PC-3 cells; however, decreased expression EMT markers beta-catenin and vimentin in TNK1 deficient cells. These results suggest that TNK1 might contribute to the maligancy of tumor cells, therefore, TNK1 might be a potential prognosis factor for metastatic prostate cancer.


severe head injury. It was not essential to admit all concussed patients to hospital, but wherever the treatment was given facilities must be available for basic neurological examination, diagnosis, and regular observation during at least the first 24 hours after injury. Essential information included noting the level of consciousness, reaction to commands, orientation, size and reaction of pupils, appearances of the fundi, tone and function of limbs, state of reflexes, bloodpressure, pulse, and rate and depth of respiration. After concussion progress might be slow, but any deterioration should suggest an intracranial complication until proved otherwise. Injuries to other parts of the body, such as the chest and abdomen, might be overlooked because signs and symptoms could be obscured by concussion. If the patient was treated at home for concussion he should be observed by the doctor or a member of the family every two hours, day and night, for at least 24 hours. All scalp lacerations should be explored, carefully cleaned, and sewn up, for subsequent operation for cerebral decompression through a dirty scalp wound was hazardous. Ideally the skull should be x-rayed before lacerations were dealt with, but this was not always possible in general practice; but an


Combustible gas combustion has occurred in seven tunnels in Anhui Section of Hefei-Wuhan Railway since October 2005.Dabieshan mountainous area belongs to non-metamorphic petrographical region,and it is the first time for tunnel fire in the history of railway construction,which puts forward a new subject for the construction of gas tunnel in passenger dedicated line.Through study on regional geology,this paper analyzes the causation and movement characteristic of gas,which provides theoretical basis for taking the corresponding preventive measures and ensuring construction safety as well as provides reference for the similar engineering.


Low resistance and high critical current are prerequisites for superconducting joints used in persistent-mode magnets. Herein, we use a joint resistance evaluation system, previously developed by us, to systematically evaluate the angular dependence of resistance and critical current of a Bi-2223 superconducting joint in a closed-loop sample. The current decay is measured by rotating the sample incrementally. The time dependence of the loop current is evaluated at 4 K, 0.15–0.28 T, and magnetic field angles ranging from 90° to 0, wherein 90° corresponds to the direction parallel to the tape surface. The results suggest that the resistance and critical current of the joint depend on the angle of the magnetic field. The evaluated critical current increases as the angle increases. The angular dependence of resistance can be divided into three regions: low-resistance, transition, and high-resistance regions. The low-resistance region exists at high angles close to 90°. In this region, the decay of the loop current is small, and the persistent current continues to flow. Furthermore, the joint resistance is less than 1.4 × 10−13 Ω. In the transition region, the joint resistance significantly increases by three orders of magnitude with sample rotation. This significant increase is attributed to an increase in the perpendicular component of the magnetic field, which decreases the critical current of the joint. At lower angles, the joint resistance remains high, ranging from 10−11 to 10−10 Ω. A significant decay in the loop current is observed in the high-resistance region. Based on these findings, we conclude that the design of a persistent-mode magnet must consider not only the magnitude but also the direction of the magnetic field applied to superconducting joints.


Background and Aims. Perioperative immunonutrition can influence the phagocytic activity of platelets in advanced gastric cancer. Methods. 51 patients with stage IV gastric cancer divided into four groups depending on the clinical status and 40 normal donors were analyzed. Patients of groups I and II underwent palliative gastrectomy. Patients of groups III and IV had exploratory laparotomy. Perioperative immunonutrition was administered as follows: group I—TPN, II—oral arginine, peripheral TPN, III—TPN preoperatively, and IV—without nutrition. The phagocytic activity of blood platelets was determined before and after nutritional therapy and was assessed by measuring the fraction of phagocytic thrombocytes (%phag) and the phagocytic index (Ixphag). Results. The percentage of phagocytizing platelets and the phagocytic index prior to and after the surgery amounted to the following: group I—1.136–1.237, P = NS, and 1.007–1.1, P = NS, respectively, II—1.111–1.25, P < 0.05, and 1.011–1.083, P < 0.05, III—1.112–1.186, P = NS, and 0.962–1.042, P = NS, and IV—1.085–0.96, P = NS, and 1.023–1.04, P = NS. Conclusions. The phagocytic activity of platelets in patients with advanced gastric cancer is significantly impaired. Perioperative immunonutrition with oral arginine-rich diet can partially improve the phagocytic activity of blood platelets. This trial is registred with Clinicaltrials.gov-NCT01704664.


"China" and "one country" were used on the significance of country at the first time.The conversion of the connotation means the conversion of the concept and modalities of the resolving of Taiwan issue.Value the semblance,contempt the connotation,value the given name,contempt the Actual situation,value the "flags",contempt the "Flagpole",which is the characteristics of its tactical.To achieving unity from "Form",to "substantial" is its strategic optimization.


The theoretical analysis of modern neural network models used for processing time series is carried out. At the same time, special attention is paid to the architecture of building deep machine learning algorithms. The advantages of the neural network model Temporal Fusion Transformer (TFT), which is selected as the base for modeling the process of spring flood formation, are shown. The possibilities of using the TFT model for a long-term forecast of maximum water levels with a lead time of 60 and 90 days for several points of the Iset river (the basin of the Tobol river system) are numerically analyzed in detail. The daily time series for 27 years (1991-2017) for eight hydrometeorological characteristics were used as the initial information for training the model (dependent (trainable) sample). The results of forecasts for an independent sample (2018-2022), as well as operational forecast data for 2023 are presented. Several directions of development of neural network modeling for long-term and short-term forecasts of streamflow are identified. Keywords: hydrological long-term forecasts, flooding, neural networks, discharge, water level, water regime, artificial intelligence, deep machine learning, Temporal Fusion Transformer


ABSTRACT We estimate the M w values of 1823 weak earthquakes ( M w ≤4.0) occurred in northeastern Italy, an area with complex tectonics and moderate seismicity, using the method proposed by Atkinson et al. (2014). The M w is obtained from the response spectra (SAs) at 1.0 and 0.3 s, which have been properly corrected for path effects. After tuning a relationship that describes log(SA) versus M w for local events (those recorded at distances M w values with available M L values to obtain an empirical relationship that correlates M L versus M w in the investigated region. These relationships can be easily implemented in real time, within the routine analyses of seismicity. The M L values underestimate the energy released by weak events ( M L M w in general, are of utmost importance for enlarging the existing catalogs of seismic events and improving our knowledge of magnitude‐recurrence relationships. Our approach is shown to be very effective for the rapid estimation of M w for weak events and can be efficiently implemented within real‐time control systems and traffic‐light protocols in the seismic monitoring of induced seismicity caused by human activities carried out underground.


We investigate the computational performance of various numerical methods for the integration of the equations of motion and the variational equations for some typical classical many-body models of condensed matter physics: the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou (FPUT) chain and the one- and two-dimensional disordered, discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equations (DDNLS). In our analysis we consider methods based on Taylor series expansion, Runge-Kutta discretization and symplectic transformations. The latter have the ability to exactly preserve the symplectic structure of Hamiltonian systems, which results in keeping bounded the error of the system's computed total energy. We perform extensive numerical simulations for several initial conditions of the studied models and compare the numerical efficiency of the used integrators by testing their ability to accurately reproduce characteristics of the systems' dynamics and quantify their chaoticity through the computation of the maximum Lyapunov exponent. We also report the expressions of the implemented symplectic schemes and provide the explicit forms of the used differential operators. Among the tested numerical schemes the symplectic integrators $ABA864$ and $SRKN^a_{14}$ exhibit the best performance, respectively for moderate and high accuracy levels in the case of the FPUT chain, while for the DDNLS models $s9\mathcal{ABC}6$ and $s11\mathcal{ABC}6$ (moderate accuracy), along with $s17\mathcal{ABC}8$ and $s19\mathcal{ABC}8$ (high accuracy) proved to be the most efficient schemes.


Several techniques were evaluated and used to obtain general information on the nature of sucrose uptake. A simple, rapid method for the estimation of sucrose uptake by leaf tissue of Phaseolu8 vulgaris L., which reduces errors due to the length of the diffusion path and to poor aeration of the tissue, is described. The tissue took up sucrose from a 1 % (wjv) solution at first by a rapid osmotic process into the free space of the t,issue and then by a slower non-osmotic process into the osmotic volume. The rate of non-osmotic uptake, on a fresh weight basis, was independent of the physiological age of the tissue, within certain limits. The rate of non·osmotic uptake was decreased by storage for several days at 5°C in distilled water. The non· osmotic uptake was inhibited by cyanide, azide, 2,4-dinitrophenol, but not by phlorizin. About two· thirds of the sucrose taken up by the tissue over a period of {) hI' could be recovered; smaller proportions could be recovered as reducing sugars or accounted for by respiration.


Use of high-strength, low-alloy steel (ASTM A-242 and A-588) in bridges, as a means of reducing maintenance costs, results in an aesthetic problem of rust staining of abutments and piers. Staining occurs as rust particles, carried by runoff, penetrate into the abutment and pier concrete. The objective of this part of the project is the elimination, easy removal, or camouflaging of staining. There are numerous solutions to the problem. The scope of the project covers the application of a coating to provide an impenetrable layer. Two such products were tested: "Barrier" and "Thompson's Water Seal 101". Following initial testing, it was found only "Barrier" held some promise. Further research, in which "Barrier" was subjected to more severe rust staining, resulted in failure of the product to provide the impenetrable layer. The aesthetic problems are not insurmountable, but various alternatives appear to offer more success than the use of a penetrant-resistant" coating. /FHWA/


A 32-year-old woman presented with a 6-week history of swelling of both parotid glands, dry eyes, and dry mouth. She reported having difficulty moving the right side of her face, and she felt tingling in the right side of her tongue.


Given the historical shift from an 8-4 educational system to the currently more popular 6-3-3 or 6-6 educational system and the increasing interest in the type of school appropriate for early adolescents, the results of a longitudinal study of sixth grade students going into seventh grade in either an eighth grade top school or a three year junior high are reported. Several significant differences in orientation are noted even at the sixth grade level. Differential changes between sixth and seventh grade in the student's self-esteem, participation in extracurricular activities, and victimization experiences are presented and discussed in light of the perceived anonymity of the different seventh grade environments.


Objective: Given that chronic inflammation is considered a possible etiologic factor for cancer, the influence of dietary factors on inflammation is of interest. The current study examined the association of red meat intake with serum leptin, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and C‐reactive protein (CRP).


In this paper, the recently discovered Codex Bononiensis is linguistically analysed.  First,  the  scribal  practice  (abbreviations),  some  phonological  features  and the grammar in the fragment will be compared with what is found in standard Biblical  Gothic.  Second,  the  newly  transmitted  words  (agisleiks*, 1  dagands*,  fairjan*, jiuht[s]*, skaps*, liuþ* and leiks) will be dealt with etymologically.


Objective To investigate depression and anxiety status of retired military cadres with dementia in our hospital before and after nursing,in order to provide reference for related symptomatic care.Methods 120 cases of retired military cadres with dementia were randomly divided into treatment group and control group,each group had 60 cases.Both groups were given general nursing measures,while on basis of it,treatment group was implemented stages of symptomatic care methods.Results The anxiety and depression scores before treatment between the two groups had no significant differences(P 0.05),but after symptomatic care,anxiety and depression scores of the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P 0.05).Quality of life sub-scores comparison between the two groups had no significant differences before nursing(P 0.05),but scores of the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group after symptomatic care(P 0.05).Conclusion Health status of special group that military retired elderly person can not be ignored,dementia patients have higher overall prevalence of anxiety and depression.Effective symptomatic care can improve their quality of life,alleviate patients' anxiety and depression status.


The purpose of this article is to examine one of the possible undesirable consequences of the trend toward mainstreaming handicapped young children, i.e., the increasing tendency to overlap the roles of regular and special education teachers to the extent that the educational programs for the two populations become the same. The differences between the populations of normal and handicapped young children are reviewed in terms of their implications for essential program characteristics. These are then used as the basis of a plea for recognizing and maintaining the unique characteristics of training programs that prepare personnel to work with young handicapped children.


Abstract The present study sought to determine whether individuals could be trained to attenuate the visual dominance effect by selecting a proprioceptive stimulus for attention. Using a reaction time (RT) task, subjects received either: (a) visual (V), (b) proprioceptive (P), or (c) combined V and P (VP) stimuli during the first four days. Each subject was then tested under all three stimuli conditions. Results showed that reaction time to the P cue was always faster than that to V or combined VP stimuli. The order in which subjects were tested under each stimulus modality significantly affected the results such that those subjects who received initial exposure to the V stimulus produced the slowest premotor time scores but the fastest motor time scores. These results suggest that the nature of the stimulus which initiates the volitional task can affect both the central processing requirements to initiate the response, and the qualitative manner in which the motor command is executed.


Mycotoxin poisoning is not restricted to pets and farm animals, it causes diseases and death in humans. Mycotoxin producing fungi are common components of the epiphytic and endophytic microflora in crops resulting in natural crop contamination in the field and during storage. The level of contamination is influenced by the genetics of the plant and fungi, management practices and prevailing climatic conditions. The Global movement of maize products necessitates global as well as country-specific surveys on mycotoxin occurrence. Significant differences in the concentrations of deoxynivalenol, fumonisins and zearalenone were found in commercial maize for the seven years under review but no significant difference was detected between white and yellow maize types with regards to fumonisins and zearalenone concentrations. The absence of Aflatoxins, Ochratoxin-A, T2-toxin and HT-2 toxin in the commercial maize samples from 2010/2011 to 2016/2017 seasons is a food safety advantage for South Africa maize producers.


Self Help Groups (SHGs) are act as a developmental tool for the empowerment of poor women and socially marginalized sections in rural areas. Investment of Self Help Groups (SHGs) and NGOs play a vital role in the development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector, particularly in the microenterprises in the rural segments. What is the importance of Self Help Groups at this point of time? Does Microfinance services really need for the microenterprises development?, When banking financial system cannot satisfy the financial needs of small and microenterprises, informal markets will do so, with high interest rates. To get out of this financial problem, Self Help Groups are act as an innovative tool for removing poverty through microenterprises development with help of micro finance, with special emphasis on empowering women in rural areas. Self Help Groups can encourage members to become self-reliant, self-dependent and increase the decision making power in the family and also provide managerial strength among members and enhance basic skill for understanding monetary transactions. It facilitates a forum for discuss and solve their social and economic problems and providing a platform for members for exchange of ideas and enhance general awareness among members. The present study is to examine the role of Self Help Groups (SHGs) on women entrepreneurship in Andhra Pradesh. The study is empirical in nature and based on the time series data of Udyog Aadhar Memorandum collected from the directorate of Industries in Andhra Pradesh from 1981 to October 2016. Total number of registered enterprises, gender and social category wise enterprises are the variables to study the impact assessment of Self Help Groups (SHGs) on women entrepreneurship in Andhra Pradesh.


Introduction: Treatment for latent tuberculosis decreases the risk of this infection in children who are household contacts of patients with such disease. Objective: To describe the study and clinical management of children under 5 years of age who were household contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Medellin, Colombia during the period 2010-2011. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study. The relationship between socio- demographic and clinical characteristics, and the management of children and index cases was explored. Results: 28.6% were studied with at least chest X rays and tuberculin skin test. Of those who attended clinical evaluation, 7.9% had active tuberculosis; out of the remaining, 19.4% received treatment for latent tuberculosis. The probability of being studied was higher if the household contact had contributory or subsidized health coverage (adjusted OR: 6.7; 95% CI: 1.5-30.5). The opportunity to receive treatment for latent tuberculosis was related to the tuberculin skin test (adjusted OR: 40.2; 95% CI: 2.59-623.6). Conclusion: The household contacts had not been adequately studied, and did not receive the right treatment, so the prevalence of active tuberculosis among them did not decrease. It is necessary to establish a standardized protocol for the management of children living under similar conditions, and to monitor its implementation. Normal 0 21 false false false ES-CO X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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The LED package and relates to a method of manufacturing the same, a predetermined region of the package body and the light emitting diode formed on the package body, and a lens attached to the LED top, in order to discharge the air between the light-emitting diode and a lens, the package body at least one comprising: a groove for the air outlet formed in the package body, the lower via hole having a first diameter, the first an upper via-hole having a greater second diameter than the first diameter, the lens periphery and the air exhaust groove is disposed inside the upper via hole of the package body, the air discharge groove is located in the bottom surface of the upper via hole of the package body, it can be disposed in the vicinity of the lower via hole of the package body. Home, a light emitting diode, an adhesive, a lens for air discharge


Traditional Chinese medicine have an accurate effect on treating anovulatory infertility,and there have no obvious adverse reactions.With the development of traditional Chinese medicine,more and more superiority in treating anovulatory infertility can be shown.This article elaborate the overview and progress in treating anovulatory infertility with traditional Chinese medicine from these following aspects:diagnosis and treatment,the treatment of artificial cycle with Chinese medicine,acupuncture combined with Chinese medicine,cooperation of Chinese and western medicine therapy.


Whereas questions about meaning and purpose are appropriate and perhaps essential in the classroom, teachers should integrate them with caution.


This study attempts to analyze the effects of public advertising about suicide prevention and to investigate how the attitudes and perceptions of the message recipients differ according to the message framing type (positive vs. negative) and the appeal type (self-oriented/other-oriented). Positive messages, rather than negative messages, have a greater impact on people's respect for life and on attitudes to suicide. Respect for life attitudes were more positive among subjects who received an other-oriented message than among those who received a self-oriented message. Among the individual characteristics variables, the level of cognitive emotion regulation showed a significant impact on attitudes to respect for life and on attitudes to suicide.


Consumer behaviour is influenced by the type of packaging of the product too easily. The better and eye-catching the packaging is the more consumers are attracted towards them. Packaging refers to the outer layer of the product wrapped around the original product to allow ease to carry and attract the consumers to buy. Similarly packaging makes the product different from the other product and also develops brand recognition. This paper aims with an intention to know the impact of packaging on the buyers' behaviour while purchasing any products. This papers deal with the secondary data and the other researcher could further use this research paper using their primary data. It is found and concluded that packaging attracts the customers and accumulates interest and willingness within the consumers. As the consumer's interests and taste or preferences change with the span of time but packaging consistently attracts consumers with its graphics, value based information and brand.


ABSTRACT Temperature dependence of the self-assembling properties of aqueous solutions of deoxy- and guanosine 5'-monophospate (dGMP and GMP) in the pretransitional region of the I-Ch phase transition was investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The dGMP molecules start to assemble at lower concentrations and form considerably longer aggregates than GMP molecules. Conversely, the aggregate melting curves of both derivatives are very similar and show three characteristic regions: a low temperature interaction-controlled region, a narrow region of intense aggregate dissociation, and a high temperature region of dissociated species.


In this paper, we use Matlab Truetime to investigate the performance of the PID algorithm in wireless networked control systems (WNCS) under packet loss condition. Then we propose a approach to deal with the unpredictable packet loss problem in WNCS.


The chapter presents findings from recent studies that feature a model of doctor-patient collaboration called Video Intervention/Prevention Assessment (VIA), a research methodology that engages patientparticipants in sharing their life stories on video, communicating their concerns and teaching their doctors what it means to live with a chronic illness. Patients are collaborators in creating a comprehensive understanding of illness that expands the medical community's definition of disease. This chapter focuses on visual narratives made by young patients with Cystic Fibrosis and Spina Bifida as they experience their transitions from pediatric to adult-oriented medicine care. Collaboration in research facilitates more effective ownership of and accountability for their illness, facilitating adherence to treatment plans and improved quality of life. Our chapter concludes with an evaluation of the pros and cons of VIA as a collaborative information methodology.


Cur rent mod els of in ter ac tion be tween Neandertals and mod ern hu mans, and the na ture and tim ing of the Mid dle to Up per Paleolithic tran si tion in west ern Eur asia sug gest a com plex, re gion ally-dif fer en ti ated pro cess. The lack of di ag nos tic fos sil re mains and as so ci ated lithic in dus tries limit the ex tent to which the tran si tion can be mod eled, whether a re sult of over lap, ac cul tur a tion or in de pend ent in ven tion, or quite pos si bly a com bi na tion of all three. Fos sil re mains in south east ern Eu rope tend to be frag men tary, iso lated, and poorly dated.


This article presents MSL3D, a novel framework for pointcloud-based muck pile Segmentation and Localization in unknown Sub-Terranean (Sub-T) environments. The proposed framework is capable of progressively segmenting the muck piles and extracting their location in a global constructed point cloud map, using the autonomy sensor payload of mining or robotic platforms. MSL3D is structured in a two layer novel architecture that relies on the geometric properties of muck piles in underground tunnels, where the first layer extracts a local Volume Of Interest (VOI) proposal area out of the registered point cloud and the second layer is refining the muck pile extraction of each VOI proposal in the global optimized point cloud map. The first layer of MSL3D is extracting local VOIs bounded in the look-ahead surroundings of the platform. More specifically, the ceiling, left and right walls as well as the ground are continuously segmented using progessive RANSAC, searching for inclination in the segmented ground area to keep as the next-best local VOI. Once a local VOI is extracted, it is transmitted to the second layer, where it is converted to the world frame coordinates. In the sequel, a morphological filter is applied, in order to segment ground and nonground points, followed by RANSAC once again to extract the remaining points corresponding to the right and left walls. In this approach, Euclidean clustering is utilized to keep the cluster with the majority of points, which is assumed to belong to the muck pile. The efficacy of the proposed novel scheme was successfully and experimentally validated in real and large scale SubT environments by utilizing a custom-made UAV.


Modern economic growth theories display that human capital and physical capital both have an important influence on economic growth.With inventory method and years of education calculation method of the physical capital stock and human capital stock,using cointegration and Granger causality test respectively,this article studies the relationship between human capital,physical capital and economic growth and then builds vector auto regression(VAR) model and error correction(VEC) model.What's more,it studies the long-term dynamics correlation between human capital,physical capital and economic growth by using impulse response functions and variance decomposition method.The analysis results showed that there is a long-term cointegration relationship between physical capital,human capital and GDP;in the short term economic growth depends a lot on investment in physical capital,but human capital contribution is relatively small;in the long run,the contribution of human capital to economic growth remains significant.Therefore,we should balance the physical capital and human capital investment ratio,and increase investment in education to improve the human capital stock.


Chemotherapy is one way of cervical cancer treatment. The main problem in the prevention of cancer is the high cost of chemotherapy and long time therapy. The high cost of cervical cancer treatment not only cause economic loss for patients, but also for families and governments. Since the enactment of the National Health Insurance on 2014, the payment method in the hospital is use Indonesia Case Base Groups (INA-CBG's). This research is an observational analytic research. The data were taken prospectively from the claim file of cervical cancer patients who received chemotherapy. The aimed of this study is to know the difference between real cost with INA-CBG's rates of cervical cancer patients who get chemotherapy. Based on 60 episodes during the period of May 2015 - June 2015 it was found that there was no significant difference between real cost and INA CBG's rates on mild chemotherapy level both in treatment class 3,2,1 and on moderate chemotherapy level in treatment class 3. There is a significant difference between the real cost and INA CBG'rates at the level of moderate chemotherapy in treatment class 2. Based on the multivariate correlation analysis, it was found that the cost of medicines and medical goods and the cost of non operative medical measures is a factor affecting the real cost.


The recent observed global warming trend over land has been characterised by a faster warming at night, leading to a considerable decrease in the diurnal temperature range (DTR). Analysis of simulations of a climate model including observed increases in greenhouse gases and sulphate aerosols reveals a similar trend in the DTR of −0.2°C per century, albeit of smaller magnitude than the observed −0.8°C per century. This trend in the model simulations is related to changes in cloud cover and soil moisture. These results indicate that the observed decrease in the DTR could be a signal of anthropogenic forcing of recent climate change.


An insulated wire in which at least one layer of an insulating material is coated around a conductor, wherein the insulated wire has a portion in which the relative permittivity is different in the length direction or the circumference direction in the same coating layer; a method for manufacturing the insulated wire; a rotating electrical machine; and a method for manufacturing the rotating electrical machine.


1 am a passionate backpacker-I love the mountains, the ma@cent vistas, the solitude, and the vibrant alpine wildflower meadows. Until recently, I lugged along my "antique" film camera to record the magical moments of my expeditions. However, I grew tired of perpetually changing clunky film canisters and being continually frustrated at not being able to "erase" bad pictures; once you've snapped a photograph with a conventional camera, it's yours. So, after extensive online research, I purchased a superb, stateof-the-art, 8-megapixel digital camera. This camera allows me to capture truly spectacular images that can be perfected with complex imaging software. If I take a bad shot (they tend to outnumber the good ones by a healthy margin), I can easily delete it or fix it. I can share my photographs with friends and family almost instantly and can even create an online travel journal to share my trip with the world. In addition to my new camera, I own a laptop, a desktop computer, a PDA, and several graphing calculators. I am, by almost anyone's standards, a devout "techie." I teach at a school that is a technology lover's dream; I have every digital teaching device imaginable. While I am grateful to my school and to its benefactors for providing these tools, they would be little more than instructional ornaments if I hadn't taken the time to first develop and refine my repertoire of teaching skills. Fortunately, my school has not allowed the lure of digital gear to divert its attention from what is of primary significance . . . the art of teaching. It is easy to understand how and why technology can become the focus of our attention. Technology is impressive, entertaining, and fun. I can't help but wonder, however, if technology is pulling us off-course. Technology is one tool in my pedagogical toolbox, a valuable and useful tool, but it is not irreplaceable. The most valuable tools I possess are within me. I have the ability to resonate with another human being's curiosity and confusion and to teach them effectively. Connecting with my students has very little to do with technology. I believe that good teaching emanates from selfawareness, and that this is where we need to initially focus our attention. Parker Palmer once said:


A dual-band mixer that can receive multiple band signals simultaneously is reported. Using dual local oscillator (LO) signals simultaneously, the mixer achieves independent gain control through relative power control of the signals. Linear conversion gain control is also achieved through dual LO signal input with total LO power control. The new topology using two MOSFETs is adopted without the need for an additional LO power combiner. Test measurement results confirm that the mixer achieves independent and linear conversion gain control in dual-band simultaneous receiving. The new mixer has higher conversion gain than that of the previously reported single MOSFET mixer in the dual-band receiving.


DANIL: The Resistance of Composite Board from Waste Palm Steam and Polypropylene to subterranean termites attack and drywood termites attack. Under Academic Supervision of IWAN RISNASARI and RIDWANTI BATUBARA. The utilization of waste oil palm steam and polypropylene for composite board production will not only increase the added value of waste palm and polypropylene, but also used as substitution of wood which is recently very limited. The aim of this research is evaluate the resistance of composite board from waste palm steam and polypropylene to subterranean termites attack and drywood termites attack. The method of this research consists of making the composite board, evaluation on physical, and the sample is testing to the subterranean termites (Macrotermes gilvus) and drywood termites (Cryptotermes cynocephalus) for 100 days. Evaluation on physical based on Japanesse Industrial Standard (JIS) A 5908-2003, and the result of physical properties as follow : 1). Density have fulfill the standard, the value 0,64-0,78 g/cm 2). Moisture content have fulfill the standard, the value were 0,87-3,07% 3). The value of water absorption for 2 and 24 hours have fulfill the standard, the value were 0,49-0,99% and 1,81-3,82% 4). Thickness swelling of the board for 2 and 24 hours, the value were 0,21-1,05% and 1,30-5,19%. The percentages of weight loss composite board to subterranean termites were 0,03%-3,28%. The percentages of weight loss composite board to drywood termites were 0,16%-0,54%. The results of composite board from this research was classified as class resistance as very resisted to subterranean termites attack and drywood termites attack.


The growth of telecommunication technology application intensity generates the problem of mutual influence concerning the systems which generate them. This influence distorts the signals providing information interaction, which allows us to talk about the mutual interference created by them. It is proposed to use basic functions in the work in the work to combat short-term interference in comparison with signal duration. One of the function fragments can be calculated from the others. In its turn, one should use basic functions in order to combat narrow-band interference, some fragments of the Fourier spectra of which can be calculated from the others. It was shown that it is useful to use the eigenfunctions of symmetric operators determined non-negatively as the transmitted signals. Relations are obtained that express certain fragments of signals through others. In order to combat narrow-band interference, it is proposed to use the intrinsic functions of subband nuclei as basic functions. They obtained the relations, which allow us to recover the distorted fragments of their spectra. Thus, they developed the theoretical basis to counter short-term and narrow-band interference during the transmission of information.


We show that the systematic error unique to Brillouin optical correlation-domain reflectometry (BOCDR) can be effectively suppressed by use of low-coherence light, and demonstrate distributed strain measurement with ~3 cm spatial resolution.


This article provides recommendations for evaluating and terminating probationary teachers. The author covers contractual considerations for supervisors/administrators to heed during evaluations, suggestions for avoid ing grievances and lawsuits at all stages, and a checklist of things to do and not do during the termination phase to avert charges of discrimination and/or arbitrariness. EVALUATION OF PROBATIONARY EMPLOYEES Evaluation begins with careful study o f relevant contract provisions. The fo l low ing questions should serve as guidelines: Contractual Considerations 1. Does the contract address w h o may supervise the employee? L o o k for statements concerning which titles may assume supervisory roles, and the capacity o f persons occupying those titles to delegate responsibility to persons other than those enumerated. 2. Does the contract define what supervision is? For example, does it include counseling, formal and informal, as a means to improve employee performance. A r e classroom observations, informal classroom visits, grade-level meetings and conferences, and team planning included in the definition? T o what extent does the C B A (col lect ive bargaining agreement) obligate the district to employ such methods in supervision o f its teachers? 3. Does the contract define the purposes o f supervision? For example, does it state the purpose is to raise the level o f instruction, eliminate pedagogical weak nesses, or assure success in teaching o f each member o f the staff?


In this article it is suggested to observe the conception of a man in the novels of M. P. Artsibashev («Sanin», «At the final line», «The woman standing in the middle»). The special attention is paid to the theory of a natural man in the dynamics from apology to refutation.


The highly magnetized plasma device (ULMAP-FU-I) is planed, in order to realize the plasma expected in the thermonuclear fusion reactor and investigate the behavior of plasma in the new region of plasma parameters.


The contemporary foreign study on the history of western culture has the characteristics of practicability,multimode and internationalization.Besides the political culture,military culture and religious culture,it involves economic culture,social culture,comparative culture,psychological culture,movie and TV culture,etc.From the point of study,it involves surveyed study,classified study,periodical study,national study,comparative study and theoretical study.Chinese study on the history of western culture comes into being from the pervasion and prevalence of western culture in modern China.It was not an important subject until 1990s.Now,it has a rich production.Generally speaking,all Chinese study on the history of western culture can be divided into four sorts.They are summarization,speciality,comparison and theory.However,neither foreign nor Chinese studies give a satisfactory answer to some problems concerning the history of western culture so far.


This work presents a self-consistent algorithm for the simulation of responsivity and detectivity of InGaAs/GaAs strained multi-period Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors. This algorithm takes into account the fundamental mechanisms involved in the InGaAs/GaAs detector detection process. We have calculated a practical InGaAs/GaAs detector by using this algorithm. The obtained results were in good agreement with the experiments at low temperature below 3.5 V.


According to Reinhardt, the debate on business and the environment has typically been framed in simple yes - no terms: 'Does it pay to be green?'(Reinhardt, 1999). One line of argument, associated ...


The thymus plays a vital role in the ontogeny of T lymphocytes. Within this organ, T cell precursors acquire the phenotypic markers and the functional reactivities characteristic of mature T cells (1). In addi t ion, nonlymphoid components of the thymus influence the antigen recognition repertoire of developing pre-T cells such that the mature T cells that derive from them recognize foreign antigens in the context of "self" major histocompatibility antigens (2, 3). The molecular and cellular events involved are still largely obscure. A conspicuous aspect of this developmental process is the rapid cell division that is induced in primitive lymphoblasts by contact with the thymic stroma (4-6). Among the descendants of these lymphoblasts are mature peripheral T cells (7, 8), al though the vast majority of their progeny appear to die in situ (6, 9). Until now, it has been unknown whether a single mechanism drives thymic mitogenesis or whether different subpopulations of lymphoblasts respond to different signals, perhaps resulting in different fates. For mature T lymphocytes, growth is strictly linked to antigen recognition. This proliferation is mediated by the polypeptide growth hormone interleukin 2 (IL-2) 1 (reviewed in ref. 10). To respond to IL-2, both helper and non-helper T cells must express receptors for IL-2 (IL-2-R), which occurs only upon stimulation with antigen or a mitogenic lectin (1 1). Thus, antigen binding per se is not mitogenic for mature T cells, but rather an inducer of hormone responsiveness. The interaction of IL-2 with its receptor is the only signal known to drive mature T cells to divide. We wished to determine whether intrathymic p r e T cell proliferation is also regulated by IL-2. It has been proposed (12-14) that thymocyte division is tr iggered by contact with self antigens. Regardless of the ultimate fate of the cells, any clonal proliferation that is driven by antigen is likely to involve induction of IL-2-R on the proliferating cells. On the other hand, proliferation that is not


Electron beams have many special properties which make them particularly well suited for use in materials processing, wherever conventional techniques failed or proved to be inefficient. The entire process has many time varying parameters, but some of the most important for the quality of the material processing are given by the directing parts. The paper presents a 3D control system of the electron beam spot which contains the focusing and deflecting components. Due the nature of the process we used a PI control for the deflecting system and an adaptive fuzzy control for the focusing system.


Abstract This study aims to determine how the participation of German-Brazilian women in Turnen in Rio Grande do Sul figured at the beginning of the twentieth century. Considering the period of this research and the phenomenon studied, the documentary corpus favours printed documents such as the annual reports of gymnastics societies and commemorative books and images, namely photographs, found in printed documents. Turnen is a distinctly Germanic cultural practice developed in Brazilin places inhabited by German immigrants and their descendants. The insertion by German-Brazilian women into Turnen and their practice of it resulted from compensatory stabilization methods developed through practices and representations. It established a close relationship between masculinity and nationality marked in the practitioner's physique. As German-Brazilian women entered the practice of Turnen, they gained new spaces outside their homes and, with the expanded limits, there was also the self-coercion of behaviour and feelings. Behavioural norms became more tolerant as long as they did not affect the previously conditioned system and social roles.


The importance of finding new resilient materials for footwear is so important that we cannot risk one possibly promising new compound falling into disrepute because of such an unscientific and subjectively biased paper. Perhaps a communication might be sought outlining the scientific and biologically favourable characteristics of this particular polymer. As a next step, a critical trial based on sound and acceptable differential diagnosis should be sought in the usual way, comparing the clinical merits of the different materials available. Furthermore, it would seem hazardous to standardise all subjects' symptoms without looking at the specially provocative features of their sports activity. Does, for instance, a squash player have to contend with the same forces in the same way as a marathon road runner? This seems highly relevant to any study of this nature.


It is known that the cutoff rate of a maximally flat low-pass filter can be improved either by introducing a pair of imaginary-axis zeros or relaxing the flatness condition. Making use of both techniques simultaneously, this correspondence describes how to design an nth-order low-pass filter with (n - 2) degree of flatness at ω = 0 rad/s and also including a pair of imaginary-axis zeros. Advantageous performances of the filters obtained are also described.


The major finding of the present study was that the KS was improved around 10% with the use of IACS. No statistically significant difference was found in BV, PC, AS and IF. However, there was a trend that the AS and PC increased 9% and 5%, respectively. The significant increase of KS and a trend of increase of AS could possibly be explained by the foot arch and heel cup support which can provide evenly distributing pressure under the feet, maintaining alignment of the skeleton of lower extremity and further resulting in the KS and AS (Mulford et al., 2008). However, we found that the BV and PC were not statistically significant between IACS and FI. Although previous study indicated that one of the key factor of BV and PC was the ability to drive the body over a stabilized stride leg (Kageyama et al., 2014), this little improvement of BV and PC might be explained by the high level of the subjects in this study. Further study could include subjects of low level. Previous study indicated that the insole was one of the important factors for attenuating the IM (Chiu and Shiang, 2007). However, IM attenuation could be influenced by insole thickness or stiffness. Therefore, we suggested that thickness or stiffness of IACS was probably not enough to attenuate the IM. In conclusion, IACS provided KS and AS during baseball pitching.


Functional regions that regulate biological phenomena are interspersed throughout eukaryotic genomes. The most definitive approach for identifying such regions is to confirm the phenotype of cells or organisms in which specific regions have been mutated or removed from the genome. This approach is invaluable for the functional analysis of genes with a defined functional element, the protein-coding sequence. In contrast, no functional analysis platforms have been established for the study of cis-elements or microRNA cluster regions consisting of multiple microRNAs with functional overlap. Whole-genome mutagenesis approaches, such as via N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) and gene trapping, have greatly contributed to elucidating the function of coding genes. These methods almost never induce deletions of genomic regions or multiple mutations within a narrow region. In other words, cis-elements and microRNA clusters cannot be effectively targeted in such a manner. Herein, we established a novel region-specific random mutagenesis method named CRISPR-& Transposase-based RegionaL Mutagenesis (CTRL-Mutagenesis). We demonstrated that CTRL-mutagenesis randomly induces diverse mutations within target regions in murine embryonic stem cells. Comparative analysis of mutants harbouring subtly different mutations within the same region would facilitate the further study of cis-element and microRNA clusters. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


In order to synthesize the molecular magnetic material, the complex{Nd(hfac)3(NIT-5MeThien)}n(NIT-5MeThien=2-(5-Methyl-2ˊ-thienyl)-5--4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-imidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide) has been synthesized by the reaction using radical ligand and Nd(hfac)3•2H2O. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the compound belongs to the monoclinic system and constituted by Nd(hfac)3 and NIT-5MeThien to obtain a one-dimensional chain which nitroxide radical acted as a bridged ligand through the N-O groups. Variable temperature magnetization of complex was shown the antiferromagnetic interaction between Nd(III) ion and nitroxide radical.


Irish comedian Tommy Tiernan will be touring Australia next year, and David Hill has a new book about the monarchy.


A subset of therapeutic autologous T-lymphocytes that express a T-cell receptor (TCR) composed of one gamma chain and one delta chain, with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration of the therapeutic gamma delta T-lymphocytes, these cells secrete interferon-gamma (IFN-g), and exert direct killing of tumor cells. In addition, these cells activate the immune system to exert a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor cells. Gamma delta T-lymphocytes play a key role in the activation of the immune system and do not require major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-mediated antigen presentation to exert their cytotoxic effect.


An uncoded spatial multiplexing(SM) system with linear receiver is considered in this paper.By deriving and optimizing the average bit error rate for each sub-stream when fading correlation is determinate,an antenna selection criterion with rate and power allocation is developed which minimizes the transmit power while satisfying the required spectrum efficiency and average bit error rate.Simulation results show that the proposed criterion outperforms previous antenna and constellation selection method with a 2-dB improvement in signal to noise ratio.A low complexity algorithm without an exhaustive search is then given which results in the same performance as the exhaustive search in most cases.


Aims. Ultra compact HII (UCHII) regions are indicators of high-mass star formation sites and are distributed mainly in the Galactic plane. They exhibit a broad band spectrum with significant emission between near-IR and radio wavelengths. We intend to investigate the possible contribution of the forthcoming ESA Planck mission to the science of UCHII regions by evaluating the possibility of detecting UCHIIs that are bright in the radio regime. Methods. We performed new 7 mm observations of a sample of UCHII regions. The observations were designed to acquire highfrequency radio spectra. For each source in our sample, the free-free radio spectrum has been modeled. Along with far-IR measurements, our spectra allow us to estimate the flux densities of the sources in the millimeter and sub-millimeter bands. We extrapolated and summed the ionized-gas (free-free radio emission) and dust (thermal emission) contributions in the afore mentioned wavelength ranges. The possibility of Planck detecting the selected sources can be assessed by comparing the estimated flux densities to the expected sensitivity in each Planck channel. To obtain a realistic estimation of the noise produced by the Galactic emission, the Planck sky model software package was used. Results. For each target source, from our new 7 mm data and other radio measurements from the literature, important physical parameters such as electron density and their spatial distribution, source geometry and emission measure were derived. We conclude that, in the case of the present sample, located close to the Galactic center, Planck will have a very low detection rate. In contrast, assuming that our sample is representative of the whole UCHII-region population, we derive a very high probability of detecting this kind of source with Planck if located instead close to the anticenter. From the analysis of the ionized-gas properties, we suggest that the selected sample could also be contaminated by other kinds of Galactic objects.


The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising hemoglobin-based-based therapeutic agents for cancer treatment. Hemoglobin sites may be a cancer cell targeting treatment site (i.e. active agent / therapeutic agent) can kill efficiently cancer cells. Hemoglobin-based-based therapeutic agent is pancreatic cancer used in the present invention, leukemia, head and neck cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, prostate cancer, stomach cancer , it can be used in the treatment of various cancers such as brain cancer. Combination with other therapeutic agents such as chemotherapeutic agents to provide a synergistic effect in the treatment of cancer by the composition which can be used alone, or reduces the inhibition and / or relapse metastasis it can be used in. It can be used in the hemoglobin-based system 5FU-2-dye conjugate and / or hemoglobin-based systems 5FU-1-dye conjugates may also live cell imaging and diagnostic imaging according to the claims of the present invention.


In recent years,MOOC( Massive Open Online Courses) has developed in international education field.The concept,development and advantages of MOOC are introduced. MOOC and traditional teaching are compared and analyzed from many aspects. Finally,the process and methods of constructing MOOC in universities are expounded.


This paper discusses the so-called incongruity that critics tend to see in Oscar Wilde's aesthetic theory which he celebrates in his prose. Critics have always discussed a kind of contradiction between Wilde's novel The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891) and his artistic views which he celebrates in The Preface and in his two essays "The Decay of Lying" (1889) and "The Critic as an Artist" (1891). The first section of this paper analyzes Wilde's artistic theory which was a reaction against Victorian moral aesthetics. Most Victorian aestheticians believed that the function of art is moral. Not only was art related to man's ethical needs but it also had a religious mission. On the other hand. Wilde. like some Victorian poets. sensed the attraction of pure art independent of all moral concerns. Wilde's major works reflect a desire to free art from the moral and social obligations. Writing under the influence of Pater and rejecting the principles of Ruskin at the same time. Wilde became the main proponent of New Aesthetic movement in England in 1890s. The paper presents a detailed study of Wilde's four claims that constitute the New Aesthetics of his age. In addition. it shows the influence of Wilde on modern thought epitomized by Modernists and the proponents of modern objective theory such as Eliot. J. C. Ransom. Brooks. Burke. Ellis and others. The second section of this paper answers a major question: does The Picture of Dorian Gray expose the defects of aestheticism while The Preface defends its virtues? As the paper reviews most of the issues that critics consider to be a source of contradiction. it also shows that the novel presents a coherent philosophical point of view that Wilde wished to emphasize at least indirectly. The novel. when properly understood. is consistent with Wilde's artistic views.

 تهتم هذه الدراسة بالتناقض المزعوم الذي يناقشه النقاد عند الحديث عن النظرية الجمالية لأوسكار وايلد والتي تظهر تفاصيلها في شعره وأعماله النثرية. يؤكد بعض النقاد على وجود تناقض واضح بين آراء أوسكار وايلد الداعمة للنظرية الجمالية الحديثة والتي يجسدها في مقاليه الشهيرين "اضمحلال الكذب" (1889) و"الناقد كفنان" (1891)، "والافتتاحية" وتلك الداعمة للنظرية الأخلاقية التقليدية والتي تجسدها رواية صورة دوريان غراي (1891)، كما يرى بعض النقاد. يعالج الفصل الأول من هذه الدراسة النظرية الجمالية الحديثة التي ظهرت كرد فعل للنظرية الأخلاقية التي سادت في العصر الفكتوري والتي تؤكد على أن هدف الفن أخلاقيّ بالدرجة الأولى وديني على وجه الخصوص. وتفيد هذه النظرية الجمالية الحديثة أن الفن بعيد كل البعد عن الأهداف الأخلاقية الاجتماعية المزعومة، فالفن يُقدرُ لخصائصه الجمالية البحتة، ومن ثم أصبح وايلد حامل راية الحركة الجمالية الحديثة في انجلترا في التسعينيات من القرن التاسع عشر. تناقش هذه الدراسة مبادئ أوسكار وايلد الجمالية وعددها أربع، وما تركت من تأثير على الفكر الحديث في القرن العشرين وعلى نقاد محدثين أمثال اليوت، رانسوم، بروكس، بيرك، إليس وغيرهم. أما الجزء الثاني والأخير من هذه الدراسة فيعرُجُ إلى برهنة أن التناقض المزعوم بين رواية وايلد ومقاليه وافتتاحيته لا أساس له. فالرواية تؤكد على ذات المفاهيم الجمالية التي شكلت جوهر النظرية الجمالية الحديثة في القرن العشرين.


This paper presents the performance comparison among three different topologies of the permanent magnet synchronous machine, namely a transverse flux permanent magnet machine with flux concentration and claw pole structure, an axial flux machine with segmented armature torus structure and a conventional radial flux machine with embedded permanent magnets in the rotor. With the help of Finite Element Method, three electrical machines have been designed considering the required dimensions and permanent magnets mass. The complete results evaluation and comparisons are described in this paper. From the obtained results it can be concluded, the axial flux machine with segmented armature torus structure can be a competitive alternative compared with the conventional radial flux machine for applications with limited axial length, while the transverse flux machine is an attractive alternative for the high torque and low-speed applications due to its high pole number.


Three designs for an 8μF 3.1 kV snubber capacitor were built and tested to compare the performance of different technologies for a high RMS current requirement. The designs were (1) extended foil, (2) metalized film, and (3) a hybrid containing both a metalized electrode and extended foil electrodes. All were impregnated with a vegetable oil and epoxy encapsulated in the same size case. The prototype of the hybrid design was only a 6 μF capacitor due to machine limitations on winding dimensions that have since been resolved. A short-term, stepped-voltage test was performed on samples of each design until the units failed or to a maximum of 8.0 kV, more than 2.5 times the rated voltage. Short-circuit discharge, AC partial discharge measurements, and AC stepped-stress tests were also performed and will be reported. The implications of these test data for the selection of specific capacitor technologies for power electronics applications will be discussed.


China's higher education has experienced ups and downs in the past 50 years and the best time for development came when the economic reform started which brought about a flowering spring for education. The promulgation of a series of programmatic documents shows that higher education in China will see an ever brighter future in the new century.


Civics learning as education that forms attitudes and character has not been fully successful, because in learning praxis there are still many cognitive-oriented, so the problem in this study is the focus of civics learning that leads to cognitive aspects. The purpose of this study was to analyze the success of implementing the learning model used by teachers. The subjects in this study were teachers who taught elementary school students of lower grades, especially grade 3, five parents of students and twenty-five elementary school students. The research method used in this study is qualitative using a descriptive approach. The data collection technique used is by observing the participants, interviewing and using a questionnaire. The data analysis techniques used were transcription, reduction in labelling/coding, and triangulation. The results showed that the average score of student responsibility was 82.20 or as many as 88% of students who had a good attitude toward responsibility after students studied the material on Rights and Responsibilities at Home. The results of this measurement indicate that the attitude of responsibility possessed by students is one of the factors in the learning process experienced by students when the brain-based learning model is applied and used.


The invention relates to a brake caliper in particular, as it is used in motor vehicles with disc brakes, as well as the production of such a caliper according to the preamble of the independent claims. The caliper according to the invention provides that at least one stiffening element formed as a component of the brake caliper non-positively with at least one second component of the brake caliper and / or positively connected. The frictional and / or form-fitting connection can be made, for example, wedges, clamps, pinning or bolting. to produce the at least one stiffening member made of a composite material is suggested. Thus, the mass of the caliper can be reduced overall. A proven embodiment, a stiffening element 34a of a ceramic basic body with a infiltrated light metal, especially an aluminum alloy, for example AlSi12.


This chapter celebrates 50 years of first and higher order neural network (HONN) implementations in terms of the physical layout and structure of electronic hardware, which offers high speed, low latency, compact, low cost, low power, mass produced systems. Low latency is essential for practical applications in real time control for which software implementations running on CPUs are too slow. The literature review chapter traces the chronological development of electronic neural networks (ENN) discussing selected papers in detail from analog electronic hardware, through probabilistic RAM, generalizing RAM, custom silicon Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuit, Neuromorphic chips, pulse stream interconnected neurons to Application Specific Integrated circuits (ASICs) and Zero Instruction Set Chips (ZISCs). Reconfigurable Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are given particular attention as the most recent generation incorporate Digital Signal Processing (DSP) units to provide full System on Chip (SoC) capability offering the possibility of real-time, on-line and on-chip learning. © 2010, IGI Global.


A synthetic technology of water-soluble alkyd resin was summarized. The traditional alkyd resin was modified by the modifier which was consisted of styrene monomers and methyl methacrylate monomers. Some capability tests of the modified resin were investigated. The results showed that the modified resin attains the same dryness level as the traditional alkyd resin.


Using the most capable people in a management system is a problem of the state, strategic, and social importance. The identification of business and personal qualities of applicants for senior positions, as well as the creation of a system for selection and training of managers, are among the major tasks connected with improvement of personnel policy. The so-called "scientific management" assumes the introduction of special techniques developed by sociologists and psychologists for determination of business and personal qualities of a future manager. The situational and normative approach entails taking into account the situation in a wide sense (socio-economic situation of a country) and a more specific use of this concept in the study of the manager's personality in a specific professional environment of a particular enterprise (specific position), as well as a subjective response of the person to the influence of the external environment: to what extent the manager can (and should) not only anticipate the situation, but also control it, manage it, using the necessary and sufficient business and personal qualities.


Spurious Elements in Measured Real Income Saving." American Economic Review, 70 (1980), 990-1004. 33. Manski, C. F., and D. A. Wise. College Choice in America. Cambridge, Mass.: Howard University Press, 1983. 34. Merisotis, J. P. "An Inventory of Innovative Financing Plans to Help Pay for Higher Education." In New Ways of Paying for College, edited by Arthur M. Hauptman and Robert M. Koff. New York: American Council on Education/Macmillan Publishing Company, 1991. Introduction The growing federal deficit and increased competition for public dollars have resulted in increased interest in alternative methods for financing society's and personal costs of postsecondary education. Questions have been raised about the effects of federal financial aid upon student access |19~. Alternative methods of providing loans have also been proposed |10, pp. 21, 24~. The State of Massachusetts has enacted legislation to encourage parental saving |14~. Guaranteed tuition plans, such as the plan adopted in Michigan, are also examples of attempts to stimulate parental saving |34~. Recent interest in stimulating parental saving for postsecondary education suggests that policy makers view saving as a substitute for federal and state loans and other forms of financial aid for middle-income families. Baum |3~ discusses the rationale for returning more responsibility to parents for financing the postsecondary education of their children. In 1986 the Survey Research Center at the University of Michigan conducted a survey of consumer finances. Survey results indicated that only 34 percent of families with children under eighteen years of age who planned to send their children to college had savings specifically designated for college expenses |43~. Although interest in stimulating Parental saving for postsecondary education is increasing, there is a dearth of research on the extent of parental saving for postsecondary education and the factors associated with parental saving. This exploratory study examines factors associated with parental saving for postsecondary education. Purpose In an effort to shed light on parental saving, this article examines parental saving behaviors. Using student and parent data from a longitudinal study employing multiple surveys over a three-year period, logistic regression was used to identify the factors most strongly associated with parental saving for postsecondary education. In addition, insights gained from the interviews of a small subsample of students and parents who were interviewed five times during the three-year period are used to further examine parental saving. This exploratory study examines the following questions: 1. To what extent are parents saving for postsecondary education? 2. What factors are associated with parental saving? 3. Do certain kinds of information appear to influence parental saving? Insights into these questions can assist public policy makers in determining the most effective interventions to stimulate parental saving. A Perspective on Parental Saving for Postsecondary Education There is little previous empirical work on the factors associated with parental saving for postsecondary education. However, economists have been concerned about parental household savings since the emergence of capitalist economies and especially since the industrial revolution |1, 2, 8, 20, 38~. Drawing upon previous econometric studies and research on college choice, we posit that parental saving for postsecondary education is a function of the financial ability to save, parental motivation to save, parental postsecondary aspirations for their children, and the ability of their children to benefit from postsecondary education. Based upon research on household savings and student college choice we have identified factors that might be expected to influence parental saving. These factors include an array of variables which we have grouped under the categories of background characteristics, student and parental aspirations and activities, and information and incentives. …


Using the example of selected decays driven by R-parity-violating supersymmetric operators, we demonstrate how strong final-state interactions can be controlled quantitatively with high precision, thus allowing for a more accurate extraction of effective parameters from data. In our examples we focus on the lepton-flavor-violating decays τ → μπ+π−. In R-parity violation these can arise due to the product of two couplings. We find bounds that are an order of magnitude stronger than previous ones.


A method of automated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been invented for the generation of performance tables for an object subject to fluid flow. The method is applicable to the generation of tables that summarize the effects of two-dimensional flows about airfoils and that are in a format known in the art as C81. (A C81 airfoil performance table is a text file that lists coefficients of lift, drag, and pitching moment of an airfoil as functions of angle of attack for a range of Mach numbers.) The method makes it possible to efficiently generate and tabulate data from simulations of flows for parameter values spanning all operational ranges of actual or potential interest. In so doing, the method also enables filling of gaps and resolution of inconsistencies in C81 tables generated previously from incomplete experimental data or from theoretical calculations that involved questionable assumptions.


With the introduction of distributed generation, the power system faces new challenges related to the stability that may result in potential power outages and blackouts. New infrastructures, such as Blockchain Infrastructure (BCI), amplifies the impact on the power system stability by introducing significant power demand. Power system balancing techniques often include power reductions targeted at the customer side, presenting an unwanted effect for end users. Accordingly, this paper proposes a novel approach to providing power system balancing services by utilising a manageable BCI. To validate the balancing principle of BCI, research presented by this paper models BCI hardware by means of parameter identification, model proposal and scale-up to verify technical requirements for providing balancing services in the power system. By scale-up simulation and comparison with technical requirements, BCI fulfils fundamental requirements for providing balancing services. With integration of a control mechanism, a secondary, automatic frequency restoration reserve can be provided, improving power system stability and mitigating potential adverse effects of BCI's high energy usage.


decisions in central and eastern Europe were made and when American troops were being pulled out? On whose advice did the new president rely, and how were decisions made? This book does not take us very far behind the scenes. We note that Mr. Truman was suspicious of Churchill's use of "old power politics" in the eastern Mediterranean, but fortunately such dangerous naivet6 was shed in later months. The mystery of how the little man from Independence, Missouri, became such a big president is also left unsolved. We are given some clues. He was always a "heavy reader," especially of history, although we are not told what books he read, or whether he read very deeply. He liked people, and liked to get along with them, but this explains the county judge and senator better than the chief executive. He loved politics and understood the political game in all its ramifications. Certainly this is a major clue, for it is the good politician who knows what it is possible to accomplish, and the means to go about the task. Yet training in the Pendergast machine is not the most obvious apprenticeship for the presidency at a time when the American role in world affairs shifted more rapidly than ever before or after. Mr. Truman tells his story "without any introspective trimmings," and we are still left wondering where he got the qualities that were so valuable to this country and the world in the years following 1945. University of Toronto G. M. CRAIG


The Blue Mountain geothermal power plant is located at the base of Blue Mountain, west of Winnemucca, Nevada. The power plant was built in 2009 with an installed gross capacity of 49.5 MW and net capacity of 39.5 MW. Currently, the net power production is 29 MW because production temperatures declined steeply for the first 4 years of production but was mitigated recently. Now, the project owner, AltaRock Energy is implementing an improvement plan to increase the production to plant capacity. Subsurface characterization is crucial for new well placement. In 2007, seismic data along seven 2D lines were acquired at Blue Mountain for subsurface characterization. The data contain strong ground-roll noise, resulting in a great challenge for full-waveform-based anisotropic inversion and migration imaging. We employ our newly developed wavenumber-adaptive frequency-space filtering technique to successfully remove the ground-roll noise and obtain high-quality pre-stack seismic waveform data for seismic-waveform inversion and reverse-time imaging. We build anisotropic models along the seven 2D lines using anisotropic elastic-waveform inversion of the processed seismic data. We then conduct anisotropic reverse-time migration using the anisotropic models and our newly processed seismic data to obtain high-resolution subsurface images at Blue Mountain The high-resolution subsurface images reveal many geologic structures/faults that are invisible on the previous industry Kirchhoff migration images. The new seismic images can provide valuable information for design and selection of future geophysical studies to further characterize these features and eventually for optimizing the placement of new wells.


Since the 1960s, some of the most influential texts in the historical profession have had overt political commitments. Such texts have been subject to critiques from multiple perspectives. For critics holding to objectivist assumptions, historians with overt political commitments tendentiously shape historical materials. Postmodernists, on the other hand, under the sway of the linguistic turn, have been no less critical, arguing that such historians have ignored the role of language, discourse, and subjectivity in constructing the objective world they seek to describe. Some have also argued that, while political perspectives in the writing of history are inevitable, there is no way to decide between them, thus making problematic the possibility of an ethical foundation to historical writing. In its most extreme form, historiography becomes a maze of competing political and ethical stances mediated through a reading of sources and the construction of narratives with no way to choose among them. These arguments and debates, important to rethinking the epistemological foundations of history, have been divisive and polarizing, yet responsible for producing creative reflection and analysis. At the same time, the tumultuous times in which we live – the world in the aftermath of 11 September, the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, the near collapse of the global financial system, and the onset of the global recession or depression (depending on where one is situated) – beckon us to revisit politics and history with a new – or renewed – urgency. In this issue of Rethinking History, six scholars reconsider the relationship between political ideas and historical practice by exploring how historians, philosophers, and political activists of various political persuasions – conservative, socialist, black radical, and anarchist – use political ideas and ideologies to understand the past and imagine the transformation of the present. In the process, they either offer new ways of examining the thought of well-known writers – reflecting upon the relevance of their ideas to understanding the role of the political in history and thinking about the means by which history is germane to analysis and transformation – or they suggest new ways of historically understanding political movements. All but one of the essays is written in the genre of intellectual history and criticism. The majority trace the development of ideas and movements germane to understanding the popular, both as an object in itself and as a vehicle for change. Rethinking History Vol. 13, No. 4, December 2009, 433–437


OUTLINE OF GEOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF THE PIENINY KLIPPEN BELT, CARPATHIANS

Summary
The Pieniny Klippen Belt represents trace of a major axial suture in the Carpathian fold belt, about 600 km long but only from a few hundred meters to about 20 km wide. it is a heterogenous structure consisting of the Klippen successions proper and their sedimentary cover, of inner Carpathian (Manin etc.) and Outer Carpathian (Magura) units incorporated in the Belt during its long deformational history.
Nine distinctive stages of structural evolution of the Pieniny Klippen Belt have been distinguished: (A) Initial stage of basin formation as a result of extensional faulting close to the Triassic - Jurassic boundary; (B) Initial expansion stage due to oceanic-type rifting and ocean- floor spreading (Triassic - Jurassic boundary and Early Jurassic); (C) Pelagic stage (Jurassic- Early Cretaceous); (D) Initial compression stage (Early Cretaceous) related to partial subduction of the Pieniny Klippen Belt Basin under southern Exotic Cordillera (Andrusov Cordillera); (E) Main Late Cretaceous - Early Tertiary compression stage, including three successive deformation phases related to subduction in the central and northern furrows of oceanic basement under the Exotic Cordillera (southern = Andrusov Cordillera) and the Czorsztyn Ridge (northern), respectively; (F) Palaeogene expansion stage; (G) Early Miocene (Savian) compression stage - the result of collision between the European Plate and the Central Carpathian-Pannonian Microplate; (H) Early Miocene (late Savian) transpression stage due to rotation of Inner Carpathians respective to Outer Carpathians along the Pieniny Klippen Belt, with the formation of longitudinal strike-slip faults; (J) Mid-Miocene (Styrian) compression stage expressed in the Pieniny Klippen Belt as transversal strike-slip faults.


Abstract The goal of this study was to test the relative effectiveness of morphological measurements and body size in predicting the smolt age of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and to determine the time course of body size and shape differences between smolt ages. Analyses were conducted on age-0 to age-2 fish that were stocked as fry in the West Brook, Massachusetts and on laboratory-raised age-0 to age-1 fish. Using both body size and shape, we could partition the age-0 fish collected during fall into future early or late smolts, although the predictive ability of body shape was somewhat weaker than that of body size, especially in the laboratory. Classification success averaged 81% (size) and 79% (shape) in the field and 85% (size) and 73% (shape) in the laboratory. Despite differences in smolt age between the field and the laboratory, the relative timing of growth rate differences between future early and late smolts was similar in the field and the laboratory and peaked at 50-60% of development from fry...


Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) levels are markedly increased in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis. However, the effects of IL‐6 on proliferation and proteoglycan metabolism in articular cartilage are not known. We demonstrated here the effects of human recombinant (hr) IL‐6 on proliferation and proteoglycan metabolism in rabbit articular chondrocyte cultures. In vitro, these cells proliferated and produced abundant extracellular matrices. We found that 1–10ng/ml of hrIL‐6 inhibited proliferation to approximately 65% of control levels and suppressed colony formation induced by bFGF in soft agarose. The same concentration of hrIL‐6 depressed proteoglycan synthesis to approximately 60% of control levels. Moreover, hrIL‐6 significantly enhanced proteoglycan degradation induced by hrIL‐1β, although hrIL‐6 alone did not affect proteoglycan degradation. These findings suggest that IL‐6 is a negative regulator for chondrocyte proliferation and articular cartilage metabolism.


Oak trees in California seasonally tap moisture in unsaturated soil and weathered bedrock, even when the groundwater table is within reach of their roots.


In this paper, we present and analyze modified families of predictor-corrector iterative methods for finding simple zeros of univariate nonlinear equations, permitting near the root. The main advantage of our methods is that they perform better and moreover, have the same efficiency indices as that of existing multipoint iterative methods. Furthermore, the convergence analysis of the new methods is discussed and several examples are given to illustrate their efficiency.


This paper presents an approach to the Chinese Personal Name Disambiguation (PND). The key to clustering is the similarity measure of context, which depends on the features selection and representation and calculation method. First HIT Tongyici Cilin (Extended) is introduced to Chinese PND to enhance the clustering effect. Exploration about more word similarity is also performed to alleviate the data sparseness. In this system, a HAC (Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering) algorithm is adopted to cluster the mentions referring to a same person with features extracted from documents. The results show that the word similarity information is very helpful to improve the system's performance.


Results for our fully frequency‐ and wavevector‐dependend self‐consistent nonequilibrium Green's function simulations of electron transport through quantum cascade lasers are compared to those from a simplified approach where scattering rates are only evaluated at representative 'typical values' of the in‐plane momentum due to the complexity of the underlying many‐body problem and the limited computational resources available. We find a noticeable impact on electronic lineshapes. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Remote sensing images are acquired using special platforms, sensors and are classified as aerial, multispectral and hyperspectral images. Multispectral and hyperspectral images are represented using large spectral vectors as compared to normal Red, Green, Blue (RGB) images. Hence, remote sensing image retrieval process from large archives is a challenging task.  Remote sensing image retrieval mainly consist of feature representation as first step and finding out similar images to a query image as second step. Feature representation plays important part in the performance of remote sensing image retrieval process. Research work focuses on impact of feature representation of remote sensing images on the performance of remote sensing image retrieval. This study shows that more discriminative features of remote sensing images are needed to improve performance of remote sensing image retrieval process.


This part of this chapter addresses four areas of debate which have arisen in the reported cases in connection with the costs of adjudication. There is what might be termed the usual position as to costs; the possibility that the adjudicator has an ad hoc jurisdiction to decide costs; and issues arising out of particular contractual provisions noting a potentially important difference between the law in England and Wales and the law in Scotland. Finally there is a section dealing with s108A of the 1996 Act.


Invasive fungal infections are a serious complication accompanying the treatment of hematooncological patients. Empirical use of systemic antifungal therapy is standard medical practice in granulocytopenic patients with a hematologic malignancy with fever unresponsive to broad-spectrum antibiotics. Recommendations presented below are based on the views of the European Conference on Infection in Leukemia (ECIL). They represent a consensus of experts for the selection of antifungal agents for empirical treatment of febrile neutropenia in this patient group.


There is description of two methods of analytical studies on steady state and transient modes of sodium cooled fast reactors. The first method is based on thermal-hydraulics code SACTA designed mainly for detailed analysis of coolant velocity and temperature fields in the reactor core. The second method uses three-dimensional single-phase code GRIF capable of analysing behavior of thermal-hydraulic parameters in the whole reactor plant including secondary circuit and decay heat removal system. One of the features of these codes is their capability of modeling thermal-hydraulic processes taking into account effect of inter-wrapper space. There presented are the examples of solution of applied problems, in which effect of processes occurring in the inter-wrapper space is important or even determinative.


In this paper, we prove that there exists a universal constant $C$, depending only on positive integers $n\geq 3$ and $p\leq n-1$, such that if $M^n$ is a compact free boundary submanifold of dimension $n$ immersed in the Euclidean unit ball $\mathbb{B}^{n+k}$ whose size of the traceless second fundamental form is less than $C$, then the $p$th cohomology group of $M^n$ vanishes. Also, employing a different technique, we obtain a rigidity result for compact free boundary surfaces minimally immersed in the unit ball $\mathbb{B}^{2+k}$.