The report by Zamolodchikov et al. [1] on increased brain thrombin generation through activation of coagulation factor XII by aggregated amyloid-beta (Ab) is intriguing, and brings forward a little-understood aspect of neurodegenerative disorders. The authors propose that elevated brain thrombin generation could play a crucial role in the neurodegenerative process in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain tissues. I would like to point out that evidence in support of excessive thrombin generation in AD brain tissues has been published since the late 1980s; firstly, when Steven Wagner et al. reported reduced brain activity of the serine proteinase inhibitor protease nexin-1 (PN-1) in AD postmortem brain tissues [2]. The reduced PN-1 activity was accompanied by increased PN-1– thrombin complexes, suggestive of augmented brain thrombin generation. Subsequent immunohistochemical studies with AD postmortem brain tissues have confirmed these observations, while indicating that the reduction in PN-1 staining occurs mostly around cerebral blood vessels [3], suggestive of blood-related proteinase activation leading to consumption of brain-derived PN-1. In addition, inverse correlations were found between PN-1 activity and density of tau-positive dystrophic neurites in the postmortem AD hippocampus [4]. Brain thrombin may be blood derived or generated from locally expressed prothrombin, which was shown to be expressed by brain neurons and glia and to accumulate, along with thrombin, in tau neurofibrillary tangles, a key AD hallmark, suggesting that dysregulated brain thrombin generation could be involved in tau aggregation in neurodegenerative diseases [5]. Thrombin has been shown to induce neurite retraction of cultured neuronal cells as well as to prevent primary astrocyte stellation [6–8], indicating that its elevated activity may be implicated in neuronal and astrocyte damage in AD. Moreover, activation of proteaseactivated receptor-1 (PAR1), the main brain-expressed thrombin receptor, has been implicated in ischemic neurovascular injury [9]. The above studies, along with the novel demonstration of Ab-mediated thrombin generation, point to a key role of thrombin and its serpin inhibitors (such as PN-1) in AD pathology, and to the plausible therapeutic potential of thrombin receptor blockers in treating neurodegenerative disorders [10]. Future studies on AD and additional neurodegenerative diseases should consider thrombin and its brain receptors as tentative drug targets.


To solve the overheat problem and realize the module upgrade in current CATV transmission equipment, power consumptions of micro-processors or SoCs are controlled by monitoring and switching functions. It is like that the product is doing thermal breathing.


Two predominant WBH protocols presently being used in clinical trials include a low temperature, long duration (LL) WBH, where core body temperature is raised to 39.5-40oC for 6h or more, and a high temperature, short duration (HS) WBH, where core body temperature is raised to 41.8oC for up to 2h. Here, the effects of LL-WBH and HS-WBH on leukocyte populations in the blood, spleen, lymph node (LN) and peritoneal cavity (PerC) of Balb/c mice were compared using flow cytometry. The total numbers of peripheral blood leukocytes decreased up to 2-fold immediately after LL-WBH, reflecting a decrease of lymphocyte numbers compared to controls. In contrast, the numbers of blood leukocytes are increased 2.7-fold immediately after HS-WBH compared to controls, reflecting an increase in lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes. After both LL- and HS-WBH treatment, leukocyte numbers in the spleen are decreased approximately 2-fold, again reflecting decreases in lymphocyte numbers. In the PerC, total numbers of leukocytes are also significantly decreased (2- fold) during LL-WBH but not HS-WBH. Total numbers of leukocytes in the LNs were unaffected by both LL- and HS-WBH. Overall, these data reveal differential effects of the LL- and HS-WBH protocols on leukocyte populations in the blood, spleen, LN and PerC of Balb/c mice.


The spin-singlet superconductivity without phonons is examined in consideration of correlations on an extended Hubbard model. It is shown that the superconductivity requires not only the total correlation should be strong enough but also the density of state around Fermi energy should be large enough, which shows that the high temperature superconductivity could only be found in the metallic region near the Mott metal insulator transition (MIT). Other properties of superconductors are also discussed on these conclusions.


There are given the results of studies of phosphonic complexons influence on deposition of salts from aqueous solutions comprising deposit generating ions. The possibility of their application as inhibitors of poorly soluble salts crystallization is evaluated. It is established that application of polymer additives together with phosphonic complexons increases the efficiency of scale inhibition. The prospects of chemical scale prevention methods are shown.


Homodyne detection of a 140 Mbit/s PSK signal transmitted over 30 km of cabled fibre has been achieved using a balanced optical phase-locked-loop receiver. System phase error was dominated by the laser frequency instability and not the cabled fibre.


I AM GRATEFUL for this opportunity to address the readers and staff of Small Enterprise Development. I am happy to see that the journal has already reached its tenth anniversary. During these years it has become a highly respected and relevant journal in the field of small business and microenterprise development. It has clearly demonstrated its relevance both for the research community, public institutions like NORAD as well as for the many NGOs active in this field. The journal ensures a much needed and high-quality exchange of research, experiences and ideas within this area of such high importance in our common fight against poverty. Congratulations! During the 1980s the donor community and in particular the Bretton Woods Institutions focused heavily on macroeconomic stabilization and liberalization. 'Getting the prices right' was seen as the key issue in creating the right framework conditions for development and growth in developing countries. Correcting price distortions is undoubtedly an important element in creating a better and more reliable investment climate. However, the experience of the 1980s demonstrated clearly that this is far from enough. There are other key obstacles to investment and growth, such as inappropriate legal frameworks, weak institutions, lack of skilled human capital, difficult access to credit and technology, and so on. These obstacles need to be addressed more directly in order to promote investment, growth and development. Furthermore, the overall objective of development assistance is poverty reduction. Economic growth is a key element in any strategy for poverty reduction. We know that there is no automatic 'trickle down', however, and experience has shown that the links between economic growth and poverty reduction can be weak. The pattern of growth is a determining factor for the degree of poverty reduction resulting from economic growth. Hence the kind of investments and economic activity that we promote and support has implicatons for the degree of poverty reduction that we can achieve. Since poverty reduction is our overall objective, we need to promote economic activities from which poor people benefit one way or another. Promoting income-generating activities among the poor is therefore a key element of NORAD's strategy for poverty reduction, as well as in our strategy for private sector development which was approved in 1998. The Norwegian strategy underlines that effective support for private sector development in developing countries requires a broad approach and efforts at several levels:


Data from the 1860 U.S. Products of Industry censuses on Iowa and Wisconsin are analyzed to provide benchmarks against which to compare other data on investment, raw materials and labor costs, and the volume of products for frontier weekly newspapers. They answer questions about what it cost to start a paper, how many people were employed, what raw materials cost, how productive weeklies were as businesses, and how newspapers compared to other businesses.


Weyl and Dirac fermions have created much attention in condensed matter physics and material science. They are realized in semimetals that have 2-fold and 4-fold degenerate crossing points and exhibit novel and exotic properties. Recently, several distinct types of fermions have been predicted which are beyond the aforementioned fermions11. Here, we report the properties of MoP, a member of the triple-point fermion (TPF) family, that shows highly metallic characteristics with remarkably low resistivity (6 n-ohm cm) and high mobility (2.4 X 10^4 cm^2 V^-1 s^-1) at 2K. We find, from de-Haas van-Alphen oscillations, together with ab-initio electronic structure calculations, carrier classical lifetime 10^2 times larger than the quantum lifetime and a Rashba-like induced band splitting. Hydrodynamic flow of the conduction electrons of the open Fermi surface or topological protection via the triple point can be also an explanation.


Background: Early weaning practices are one of the most important causes of malnutrition of children which ultimately enhance infant morbidity and mortality in the worldwide including Bangladesh. Aims: To determine the causal factors of early weaning practices of children. Materials and methods: Data were collected from 200 mothers who attended with their children during March 2005 to May 2006 in the out patient department of pediatrics in Moulana Bhasani Medical College and Hospital, Uttara, Dhaka. Results: Majority (44.00%) patient was found in early weaning practice followed by late (33.00%) and normal (23.00%) weaning practice category. Nutritional status of patient, type of weaning food of patient and economic status of the patient's family were significant and positively related with the use of weaning practices but in education level of mother, negative and significant relationship was observed. Conclusion: Use of proper weaning practices among the mother was improper among the majority cases. For the betterment of children health, existing motivational and awareness programme need to be strengthened and widen by the relevant authorities.


The present disclosure, α '' - Fe16N2 and hard magnetic material comprising a chemical vapor using deposition or liquid phase epitaxy α '' - Fe16N2 describes a method of forming a hard magnetic material comprising a. .FIELD 1


Emissions from industries and air pollution from these emissions adversely affects the environment and public health. For instance, India depends largely on coal for its power generation. The problem with Indian coal is that it carries a lot of dust with it. Hence, dust carried along with the flue gases has to be separated before sending the gases for further treatment. Cyclone separa-tor, bag filter and electrostatic precipitator have found applications in technological use. ESP demands high voltage (power requirements) whereas general bag filters cannot work beyond 120C. However, cyclone separators have less temperature and pressure limitations and requires low pressure drop. Hence, cyclone separators are usually selected to separate dust from fluid streams.


Combating connectivity loss due to node movement is of fundamental importance in mobile networks and many routing protocols have been described in the literature to ensure that the delay due to such link breaks is as low as possible. In this paper, we propose a pre-emptive approach towards countering the adverse effects of mobility: Modeling the network as a random geometric graph G, we obtain paths in G from the source to destination that are guaranteed to survive for a target time, in the event of node mobility. We call such paths as robust paths and obtain bounds on the minimum lengths of paths with a given robustness parameter. We also show how such robust paths can be used to create routes with target survival time in mobile wireless networks.


Dry skin is a skin condition itself as well as an accompanying symptom of various skin diseases. Moisturizers are often used in the prevention and treatment of dry skin and skin diseases. It can alleviate symptoms and play a vital role in restoration of skin barrier function. Moisturizers can be divided based on their contents, mechanism of action, formulation and pH. The choice of moisturizer for specific skin disease is important, but advice for moisturizer in the real world is often not evidence-based. This review will examine scientific data regarding the moisturizer for each skin diseases.


We apply density functional theory at PBE/6-311G(d) level as well as nonorthogonal tight-binding model to study the Stone-Wales transformation in C36 fullerene embedded inside the (14,0) zigzag carbon nanotube. We optimize geometries of two different isomers with the and the symmetries and the transition state dividing them. The mechanism of Stone-Wales transformation from to symmetry for the encapsulated C36 is calculated to be the same as for the isolated one. It is found that the outer carbon wall significantly stabilizes the isomer. However, carbon nanotube reduces the activation barrier of Stone-Wales rearrangement by 0.4 eV compared with the corresponding value for the isolated C36.


The differential cross section angular distribution for 6 Li elastic scattering from 28 Si was measured at 154 MeV lab energy for center-of-mass angles up to 66°. The data exhibit forward-angle diffractive structure and a large-angle falloff similar to that of refractive nuclear scattering. An optical-model analysis with Woods-Saxon form factors and standard fitting criterion yields a broad continuum of admissible real central potential depths |V|~120-200 MeV rather than the multitude of discrete parameter families encountered at lower bombarding energies. The best fit to the data selects a |V| near 160 MeV. A Woods-Saxon squared form factor as well as a microscopic folding-model potential have also been investigated in fitting the data.


The organizational transformation that happened in the world economy recent decade was accompanied by the concepts of less- profitable production and flexible system. The concept implicitly provides a production and working capacity that is consistent with demand and current capacity of acceptance. The origin of limited management was higher according to efficiency and imbalance between resources and demand for the resources. There are double restrictions for the private institutions and in all Irish economic fields Methodology: The international institutions face with the global limitations about less- profitable productive models. The non- commercial institutes are facing new problems that are related to the lack of employees and other resources while there were a recession and low efficiency about resources. Goldratt in her book providing theories about constraints provides new fields in economic perspective. These managing ideas of best salesman are describing as an exciting story that describes the manager's attempts to prevent the loss caused by performance and the bankruptcy of the company.   In the story, Goldratt and Descooks attacked to the price finished accounting as an "enemy to productivity" rather than using developed holistic techniques as on-time production and statistic control of the process. Results: In this article, the relative usefulness of the theory of constrains related to accounting business managing methods are explained to use the resources and decision-making.  The article also examines the spread and evaluation of constraints and reactions that cause accounting and managing culture. Conclusion: Survival of the price finished management that is explaining against the continuous attacks is consistent with the probabilities by Goldratt relating to regulations ability to make changes and obligatory developments as training programs.


There has been an unfortunate gap in coronal emission line observations from space in the visible and near IR (V+NIR). Their distinct scientific advantage stems from the dominance of radiative excitation in their formation, whereby their emission can be detected out to several solar radii above the limb. V+NIR emission lines can thus yield the only inferences of the physical properties of the coronal plasma, such as species temperatures, densities, elemental abundances, and speeds along and perpendicular to the line of sight in this critical spatial span. These diagnostics have been demonstrated with decades of unsurpassed high-resolution imaging and spectroscopic observations during total solar eclipses. This white paper calls for dedicated funding for a Total Solar Eclipse Earth-Based Mission for ground, airborne and seaborne observations of the corona during totality for the next decade starting in 2024. The proposed Mission capitalizes on the unique diagnostic potential offered by the V+NIR coronal emission lines for the inference of key plasma parameters over a distance range of at least 5 Rs from the solar surface. This critical coronal space is currently missing from existing and to-be launched coronagraphic instrumentation in the proposed time frame. Multi-site observing platforms for each eclipse would further capture the temporal variability of coronal plasmas over a time span of at least 1 hour, with a temporal resolution of a fraction of a minute. Furthermore, this Mission offers unsurpassed opportunities for the exploration of new technologies for future implementation with coronagraphs. This Mission has a unique significant broader impact for outreach opportunities to engage the public and the younger generations in heliospheric science from an awe-inspiring cosmic event.


The article examines the Italian legal regime in the field of lending and exporting movable cultural property. This sector is governed not only by EU and national legislation, but also by transnational norms, principles, and best practices. The analysis highlights that the current Italian system should be reformed in order to enhance cultural property through new mechanisms of lending. This may ensure more incomes to the cultural institutions and it may also contribute to cultural heritage protection.


AbstractTo control eutrophication caused by agricultural non-point sources, integrated riparian wetlands were constructed and operated to intercept and treat the polluted water flowing into the Fuxian Lake. The influent and effluent mass loadings of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), suspended solid (SS), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of riparian wetland systems were monitored for nearly one year. In addition, influent and effluent samples of each riparian wetland treatment unit were collected and analyzed for nitrogen (nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, and organic nitrogen) and phosphorus (organic phosphorus and phosphate). Results showed that the wetland systems removed various pollutants. There was a little seasonal change on the COD, SS, TN, and TP removal efficiency. There was no flow in the wetland during the winter. Therefore, the pollutant removal efficiency could not be determined. The nitrogen analysis results showed that ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were the main nitrogen species ...


MONIZ and Lima (1936) performed the first operations on the white matter of the frontal lobes of the brain for the relief of mental illness. At first they introduced alcohol through burr holes made in the vault of the skull, but later on by means of a wire loop they cut six cores on either side, each I cm. in diameter, at various levels in the frontal lobes. Fiamberti (1937) approached the frontal lobes through the roof of the orbit, either injecting them with alcohol or incising the white matter, and this modification of the operation has been used by several others since that time. Freeman and Watts (1937) planned the operation of lobotomy * ; they opened the skull 3 cm. The needle, with stylet withdrawn, is then swept upwards and is, at the same time, introduced more deeply to an extent of 2-2.5 cm. to cut a line parallel with the falx, and finally outwards to divide as much white matter as possible It is then reintroduced in the original plane, swept downwards until just above the orbital plate, and finally swept outwards across the orbital plate to divide most of the white matter in this situation." MacGregor (1941) invented an ingenious instrument (Fig. 101), used by Crumbie, by modifying a brain needle so that a rotating blade was inserted at one end and turned by a screw at the other. He also incorporated a sliding scale and a cannula from which the cerebrospinal fluid flowed if the


The field of supercapacitors (electrochemical capacitors) is constantly evolving. The global motivation is to create devices that possess a significant energy density without compromising the power density. To achieve this goal, new materials must be discovered and complex electrode architectures developed.


In order to shorten processing time and improve the organic load per unit of active sludge in an SBR(sequencing batch reactor) reactor,this paper investigates improvements in traditional SBR techniques.A new biological process using artificially magnetized microbe flocks and nano-ferromagnetic powder is presented for treatment of domestic sewage.A magnetic separation technique is applied to subside and separate the sludge that was magnetized and absorbed organic material.The effects of aeration time,deposition time,best dosage and invalidation time of nano-ferromagnetic powder on the treatment of wastewater were investigated through beaker tests to determine the best operating parameters.Results show that mixed liquids of magnetic and biologic flocculation can be separated quickly and effectively.Magnetic fields combined with magnetic powder enhance the sludge's activity and treatment speed substantially.Running in optimum mode,the average removal rate is over 95% for COD and BOD5 respectively.Disposal water quality is above China's first level discharge standards.


BACKGROUND
Air ions (AIs) are clusters of ionized particles present in the atmosphere and carrying an electrical charge of negative or positive polarity. Past speculations suggested that exposure to positive air ions may be harmful, while exposure to negative air ions (NAIs) may be associated with beneficial health effects. Increasing attention has been directed towards investigating the potential effect of NAIs on human brain activities since initial observations of their beneficial effects on some cognitive processes and mood.

AIMS
Given the paucity and scattered literature, the aim of our paper is at reviewing available studies on potential positive effects of NAIs exposure on cognitive performances and depression.

DISCUSSION
The review of the literature seems to confirm effects of NAIs on several brain functions. Indeed, a significant association between NAIs exposure and both wellbeing and high cognitive performances has been described. However, the exposure to high concentrations of NAIs could be related to improvement of depressive symptoms.

CONCLUSION
A growing evidence of data, although not yet conclusive, would suggest that NAIs might improve cognitive processes. These findings require specific and urgent controlled trials adopting systems based on AIs release to possible prevent and treat cognitive dysfunctions present in a broad range of neuropsychiatric conditions.


Over the years of its existence, the Booker Prize has proved to
be a reliable and sensitive barometer of the times in terms of
the ever-changing literary aesthetic and cultural values.


The Research Vessel (R/V) Triton is a trimaran hullform prototype being built and evaluated by the Royal Navy with technical support from the United States Navy. This paper provides a synopsis, development approach, and key specifics of the Trials Instrumentation System (TIS), a highly flexible, distributed, data acquisition system. It highlights the many capabilities and features of the TIS and its Ethernet network, provides descriptions of the system architecture and interconnections, and presents an overview of the software which operates the TIS and the application software which has been tailored for the trials of the R/V Triton.


In this paper we make an input-output analysis when the technological coefficients are not precisely known and may be modeled by appropriate fuzzy numbers. The proposed model let us make a better use of the available information.


It seems that we will have an election in May. Tweedledee and Tweedledum are already exchanging blows and often evidence free assertions and counterassertions about waiting times, competing programmes of cuts in 'unnecessary' bureaucracy and trust deficits.


Passivation with molecular H2 of Pb interface defects in thermal (111)Si/SiO2 (dry; 870 °C) over extended temperature (TH) and time (tH) ranges unveil nonexponential decay of [Pb] vs tH. This contrasts with previously reported exponential behavior, shown to have resulted from inadvertent incorrect monitoring of [Pb] and limited TH and tH ranges. The previous defect‐H2 reaction limited model may still consistently account for the data if expanded by the revealed spread of 0.06 eV around the inferred mean activation energy Ef=1.51 eV vis‐a‐vis the previous single‐valued Ef=1.66 eV; The inferred pre‐exponential factor is now found in compliance with the model. However, results may encourage re‐evaluation of other models previously discarded on the basis of their nonexponential passivation prediction.


Episiotomy is the most common surgical procedure in modern obstetrics, and it must be carried out with informed consent of the woman. The aim of this study is to investigate the knowledge and participation of women in obstetrics decisions during childbirth. A qualitative study was done using women submitted to episiotomy during childbirth as social actors in a Hospital School in Minas Gerais. Participant observation and interviews were the methods used for collecting data. From the analysis of the 16 interviews, we were able to prove that women present a lack of knowledge related to the surgery . The participant observation demonstrated that episiotomy was carried out without information nor previous authorization of the participants of the study. This reveals a relation of authority exerted from the health professionals during childbirth. The study revealed that the routine practice of episiotomy represents the power exerted by health professionals towards the feminine body, taking away the woman's right to decide.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility and accuracy of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) in locating delaminations and de-bonding in asphalt concrete overlaid concrete bridge decks. The traditional "chaining" method is a less effective option for finding subsurface defects after an overlay is in place. An infrared thermographic and GPR evaluation was conducted on the I-70 Polk-Quincy viaduct in 1993. A second GPR study was performed in 1997 to evaluate the condition of the bridge deck previous to removal of the existing asphalt overlay and high density concrete overlay and repair of the deteriorated deck. The results of the 1997 GPR study were compared to the results of the 1993 GPR study, the 1998 through 1999 chaining, actual repair areas and portions of the 1989 Geotechnical Unit bridge deck evaluation. The original comparison of the 1993 Infrared Thermography (IR)/GPR study and the Geotechnical Unit bridge deck evaluation indicated only a small amount of consensus as to locations of subsurface anomalies. The IR/GPR survey did not find many of the de-bonded and delaminated areas found using the conventional methods. Comparison of the 1993 and the 1997 GPR results indicated only a 25% consensus and comparison of the 1997 GPR results with the 1998 through 1999 chaining and repair indicated only a 13% consensus. This study indicates that the GPR technology is still in need of improvement before it can be depended upon for accurate evaluation of bridge deck condition.


Objective
To discuss the application effect of hierarchical management model in the clinical management of the medium and long-term bedridden patients with hypertension and stroke.

Methods
Hierarchical management model had been implemented from May 2013.The rational hierarchical management mechanism was set up to divided the nursing staff into 3 categories, namely, the senior-level nurses, mid-level nurses and junior-level nurses according to their education, job titles and working abilities, in order to standardize the job responsibilities and the concrete working contents.50 bedridden patients with hypertension and stroke were selected as experimental group adopting the hierarchical management model.While another 50 patients of medium-term and long-term bedridden patients with hypertension and stroke who didn't adopt the hierarchical management model before May 2013 were selected as control group.Before and after the 9 months of the implementation of the hierarchical management model, the results of the two groups' primary care, health education, special care, bad nursing cases and other indicators and patients' satisfaction were compared respectively.

Results
After the implementation of the hierarchical management in experimental group patients, both the quality of nursing and the satisfaction of the patients were significantly improved(P<0.01).

Conclusions
The implementation of hierarchical management mechanism is helpful for optimizing the human resources of nursing staff, which stimulates the enthusiasm and initiative of the nursing staff. It can not only improve the comprehensive management abilities of the high-level nurses, but also enhance the nursing abilities of the senior, secondary and junior nurses, so working and coordination of different level nursing staff has achieved an effective results. The theoretical nursing knowledge and operating skills are improved as well and at the same time, the overall management level for hypertensive patients with stroke is also enhanced.

Key words:
Hierarchical management; Stroke; Nursing; Effect


The present invention provides an ink refilling apparatus for an ink cartridge. The ink refilling apparatus for an ink cartridge according to one embodiment comprises: a body unit; an ink cartridge coupling unit, which is provided on one side of the body unit, and to which the ink cartridge is detachably coupled; an ink container, which is coupled to the other side of the body unit and supplies an ink via an ink supply tube to the ink cartridge coupled to the ink cartridge coupling unit; and a pump, which communicates via an ink suction tube with the inside of the ink cartridge coupled to the ink cartridge coupling unit, communicates via an ink collection tube with the ink container, and sucks the air and ink inside the ink cartridge or discharges the ink into the ink container according to the internal pressure change thereof, wherein the ink suction tube may be provided with a first check valve for allowing the ink to flow only from the ink cartridge to the pump, and the ink collection tube may be provided with a second check valve for allowing the ink to flow only from the pump to the ink container.


A sliding-mode observer is proposed in order to estimate the phase-to-phase trapezoidal back-EMF in a brushless DC motor by using only the measurements of the stator currents and voltages. The main feature of the proposed observer is that it is not sensitive to the switching noise and no filtering is required. The back-EMF estimate was then used to deduce the six rotor positions of the motor. In addition, a method to obtain an estimate of the rotor speed of the motor, by exploiting the mathematical relationship between the speed and the back-EMF, is presented. The observer of the trapezoidal back-EMF is implemented practically on a DSP board. Simulation and experimental results are given to show the performance of the observer.


The weight of a molded part is a meaningful parameter both for repeatable manufacturing and for economic testing of components. Based on the weight, the plastics processor can quickly determine whether, for example, sprues have been cut cleanly or whether underor over injection has occurred. Also sink marks due to missing holding pressure, which lead to a lower component weight, can be detected quickly. Insert applications are another use case. Missing inserts are detected by checking the weight immediately after the injection molding process. With the aid of weighing, NOK parts can be automatically separated from good parts. Inline weighing is therefore a 100 % parts check.


This paper studies the dynamic effect of oil rents on industrial added value in a sample of countries with different levels of development. Using a SVAR model, we tested the effect of a real shock and a nominal shock on the variables of the model. The main obtained results are three. First, we confirmed that the Dutch disease (DD) problem is a short-term phenomenon that takes place each time there is a shock on oil rents. Second, the ephemeral nature of the phenomenon confirms the neoclassical assumption stating that the effect of nominal shocks on real variables is only short term. Third, the effect of long-term real shock on oil rents is positive for all countries which score interdependence between industry on the one hand and oil rents on the other.


By introducing emotion into the inner released principle based Lorenz hydraulic pressure behavior mechanism,an emotion based behavior selection mechanism is built. The new mechanism resolves default of the original:heterogeneous summation and motive intensity being independent of the current existing circumstances. According to the characteristic that subjective value in economics and emotion in emotion psychology both have evaluating function,behavior eigenfunction is built by referring to prospect theory to obtain the function law of emotion. By making use of the principle that higher emotion is preferred and middle emotion makes behaviors achieved more efficiently,behaviors are classified into three sorts:emotional behavior,rational behavior,perfunctory behavior. Based on these research results,the cooperative emotional behavior selection mechanism is set up. The correctness of this mechanism is testified by a simulative test carried out on artificial life Swarm platform.


In order to improve the level of network course construction and application, with the current network course teaching as the research object and based on the empirical research method and the investigation of the general situation of network course teaching in Zhejiang Fashion Institute of Technology, this paper analyzes the problems in the construction of network course in vocational colleges, and puts forward improvement suggestions in aspects of teaching ability cultivation, resource construction, course evaluation and incentive policy construction, etc.


This paper presents a comparative closed-loop performance study on a multicomponent batch distillation column that produces high-purity distillate product. Initially, the distillation model representing a ternary system of cyclohexane-toluene-chlorobenzene has been simulated to observe the open-loop dynamics at the start-up as well as production phase. The next three control schemes, namely classical proportional integral (PI) controller, nonlinear proportional integral (NLPI) control strategy and gain-scheduled proportional integral (GSPI) law, have been designed and applied on the simulated distillation column. Numerical experiments based on servo and regulatory tests show that the GSPI algorithm provides relatively better results than the other two PIs.


Objective To investigate the action of super-dose transfusion of RBC in children ALL. Methods The ALL patients were divided into observed group and control group randomly. The Hb was maintained at 16.0~17.5g/dl in observed group and 10~12g/dl in control group. Results The levels of WBC and Plt were increased in observed group with relieve of infectious symptoms compared with control group. Conclusion The super-dose transfusion could increase the granulocyte in quantity and function and play an important role in ALL patients.


OBJECTIVE: To determine if rebound congestion can be reduced with concomitant nasal steroid spray usage. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized, double blind, controlled single center study. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty subjects with perennial allergic rhinitis with nasal congestion. INTERVENTION: All subjects received 3 weeks of twice-daily oxymetazoline. After 2 weeks, subjects were randomized to 2 additional weeks of concomitant budesonide aqueous nasal spray (n = 9) or placebo (n = 10). In the sixth week, all sprays were stopped. RESULTS: Both groups showed subjective and objective evidence of rebound congestion 24 hours after cessation of oxymetazoline (P < 0.05). Subjective rebound congestion resolved in 48 hours in the budesonide aqueous nasal spray group but persisted for over 1 week in the placebo group. CONCLUSION: Rebound congestion is objectively present in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis after 3 weeks of oxymetazoline spray. Rebound congestion is reduced by concomitant budesonide aqueous nasal spray use. SIGNIFICANCE: This study supports the common clinical practice of nasal steroid sprays to ameliorate rebound congestion concomitant with and after cessation of topical decongestant sprays.


Insha 'Arabi At-tahriri is one of the important subject in the Kulliyatul Mu'allimin Al-Islamiyah (KMI) curriculum. However, in the implementation, it was found that most of them (60%) still scored below 6. This study aims to find the problems that exist in the learning of Insya 'Arabi At-tahriri amongs student or santri of KMI, especially fifth grade student. This research is a field research using descriptive qualitative analysis. This research takes place in Modern Islamic Boarding School of Darussalam Gontor Campus 2. The sample of this research includes the Vice-director of KMI, teacher of KMI, staff of KMI, and all the fifth-grade students of KMI. The results of this study indicate the problem of learning Insya caused by several source. From the internal students, such as the lack of ability to express the language in writing competence, the weak mastery of Arabic Material and psychological aspect like willingness and motivation. And the external aspect of student including their activities outside class such as joining organization. While the factor of teachers, the problematic learning occurs due to teacher teaching method, some of them do not use student learning center method. It cause the teaching process becomes monotonous and bit boring.


Farm budget analysis is a tool for understanding the economic performance of agricultural practices to assess the impact of technology interventions, price and policy changes. This helps provide better comprehension of the strengths and weaknesses of various farm operations. As a type of farm budget analysis, the farming system modelling software Olympe developed by a consortium of L'Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD) and Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (IAMM), is an efficient piece of software for analysing and modelling farming systems performance. Olympe gives a comprehensive overview of farmers' situations and links to technical innovations and practices. A range of analyses can be carried out including economic impact of technical choices, effects of climatic or economic uncertainties, and the environmental impacts of land use options. The Olympe application was used to analyse the impact of new Rubber Agroforestry Systems (RAS technology) in Sanggau, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. RAS technologies are developed for adoption by smallholder farmers with limited resources. The results show that while the RAS technology requires more capital input, both labour return and land return are higher than in farmers' traditional systems. The labour return of RAS technologies can be higher than that of intensive monoculture rubber. The economic and environmental advantages of diversified RAS technologies over monoculture rubber and oil palm are evident.


The discovery of superconductivity in magnesium diboride (MgB2: 39 K, in January 2001) (Nagamatsu et al., 2001) has generated enormous interest and excitement in the superconductivity community and the world in general, but especially among researchers into superconductivity in non-oxide and boron related compounds. MgB2 possesses an AlB2type hexagonal structure (space group P6/mmm) with alternating boron honeycomb planes and magnesium triangular planes, as shown in Fig. 1. Each Mg atom is located at the center of a hexagon formed by boron, and it donates its electrons to the boron planes; hence, the BB bonding is strongly anisotropic. The unit cell parameters are a = 0.3086 nm and c = 0.3524 nm at room temperature. These values of lattice parameters for MgB2 are in the middle of the values of lattice parameters of AlB2-type compounds. Owing to the simple hexagonal structure with space group P6/mmm, four optical modes at the Г point of the Brillouin zone are predicted for MgB2 (An & Pickett, 2001): a silent B1g mode (at 87.1 meV, ~700 cm-1), the E2g Raman mode (at 74.5 meV, ~600 cm-1), and the infrared active E1u (at 40.7 meV, ~330 cm1) and A2u (at 49.8 meV, ~400 cm-1) modes. The E2g mode is responsible for the high transition temperature, Tc, in MgB2.


With the replacement of traditional polysilicon and silicon dioxide by metal gates and high‐k dielectrics, respectively, in the MIS gate stack for the 45 nm technology node, higher than expected device threshold voltages have been observed due to the effect of Fermi‐level pinning. While the debate as to the exact cause of Fermi‐level pinning is ongoing, several attempts (capping layers, new gate metal compositions) have been made to curb this effect. In this paper, the tuning of metal gate work function by ion implantation is investigated as a tool for controlling the threshold voltage. Lanthanide incorporation is used to achieve a flat‐band voltage shift of more than‐1 V for n‐MOS capacitors. It is shown that by adjusting dose and energy, the flat‐band voltage shift can be tuned to a desired value, without substantial damage to the insulating quality of the gate. This translates to an effective shift in the threshold voltage.


The article is devoted to the general characteristics of government agencies, not included to the branches of government. The specific character of the legal status of such bodies, their system, the nature of law-making powers and other aspects are analyzed.


This study aimed to investigate the effects of growth regulators on germination rates and biochemical compound concentrations in Carica papaya L. seeds ('Formosa' group). The seeds were harvested from fruits at maturation stages 3 and 5 (50 and 75% yellow fruit skin, respectively). The effects of 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (CEPA), KNO3 and gibberellic acid (GA3) on seed germination, germination index speed, soluble sugars, starch, lipids, soluble proteins and total proteins of the papaya seeds were evaluated. The seeds from stage 5 showed a higher rate of germination 30 days after sowing than did the seeds from stage 3. Treatment with CEPA decreased seed germination, apparently due to decreased starch mobilization; the opposite response was observed following KNO3 treatment. GA3, alone or in combination with KNO3, stimulated an increase in lipid mobilization. In general, with the exception of CEPA, all growth regulators tested were effective in overcoming seed dormancy, and KNO3 was the most effective. The seeds from stage 3 fruits treated with KNO3 or KNO3 + GA3 had higher rates of germination at 14 days.


This study seeks to identify the value of interpersonal communication skills to success on the job. A questionnaire was developed and administered to a random sample of employment recruiters/human ...


In this paper, results of experiments and FE simulations on mechanical issues of poly-and single crystalline silicon on ultra-thin polyimide substrates are presented. Formation and propagation of cracks within the silicon and dielectric layers are then studied under controlled bending and tensile tests using bending and tensile tools being custom designed for this purpose. The results show that the cracks appear first in the middle of the dielectric material in-between the silicon segments and then propagate into the dielectric and poly-silicon material. The development of first cracks depends significantly not only on the "segment-area-to-gap-area" ratio but also on the silicon segmentation size under the tensile and bending tests. The stiffness of samples with segments is different before and after the first crack occurs, as a consequence of the appearing cracks. The high ratio of width (or length) to thickness of components offers a challenge for proper FEM simulation. Multilevel FEM simulations are first performed to get understanding of the major failure processes. The simulated critical (mean) strain agrees with the mean tensile strain in the tested samples. The maximum local principal strains appear in the gap near the spot where during testing first fracture occurred in the oxide layers. The correspondences between simulation and measurement results provide a good base for optimization of the segment size, gap size, interconnection shape, material and structure selection. Based on the experimental and simulation results, 2nd generation optimised samples were designed with full segmentation and containing spring interconnecting lines.


When prospective teachers enter an elementary education program, they are expected to be interested in and knowledgeable about a number of subject areas, including mathematics, social studies, science, reading, language arts, physical education, art, and music. This is in addition to a thorough knowledge of the behavior patterns, psychological and cognitive development and the various learning styles of young children. But what if pre-student teachers have an indifferent or even negative attitude about a subject such as language arts? Will it influence the way in which they approach the subject, in the amount of time they devote to preparation of lessons in that subject, or in the enthusiasm with which they teach it? Is it possible to change attitudes which are less than desirable as a result of the curriculum or methods classes?


Catchments with extensive peat coverage commonly have high fluvial dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. Long term water colour (a proxy for DOC) records from the River Tees, UK, indicate an increasing water colour trend, a trend that has been recognised in series of UK streams. It is considered that the release of carbon from these areas can be related to changes in water table depth in the soil profile with DOC being produced within the aerobic layer of the peat. The drainage of upland peatlands, by the cutting of open drainage channels was common practice in Northern England. The practice succeeded in lowering the water table but led to an increase in recorded DOC concentration leaving the catchment. The blocking of these channels has thus been proposed as a means of peat restoration. The reduction in drainage capacity will cause increases in the water table, rewetting the peat and reducing losses in carbon.


According to its author, Engineered Death is not a book about the morality of homicide but about intellectual self-consistency—in particular about the self-consistency of the "liberal" view of homicide. The "liberal" view is defined by Woods as the view that murder is morally wrong because, and only because, it is a violation of rights. He tells us that he is concerned to defend neither liberalism in general nor its notion of individual rights in particular, but only to work out the implications of these assumptions for the problems of abortion, suicide, euthanasia, and senecide. It is only in this sense that Woods' disclaimer about the non-ethical nature of his book can be taken seriously. In every other respect it is a treatise on ethics. It puts forward and defends moral theses that are independent of, and in some cases even contrary to, traditional ethical liberalism.


is most profitably employed in the dairy industry, and a very large number of farmers need to engage in dairying not only to keep their farm business going, but to enable the necessary manure to be obtained for other portions of their industry. Further, the dairying trade is intimately connected with the cattle-raising industry, and, indeed, it is so inter-woven with agricultural processes that it is inconceivable to imagine dairying removed from agriculture in this country. Again, agriculture is by far the most important industry we have, and if the Nation can in any way assist agriculture it is their duty to do so.


Eliminating the physical cabled connection between a data acquisition system and the data processing unit brings flexibility and robustness to every system, especially when this system is located in an industrial environment. This paper investigates the possibility to build a small-sized, low-cost wireless data acquisition system with improved power saving capabilities. The aimed computational platform is the PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) while the chosen wireless communication standard is Bluetooth. Data acquisition, storage and communication are implemented in microcontroller architecture with integrated A/D converter and UART interface and an external non-volatile memory chip.


This study was aimed to study the probability about the production of fiberboard made of durian rind th rough latex with phenolic resin as binding agent. The durian rind un derwent the boiling process with NaOH [7], [8] and then the fib er from durian rind was formed into fiberboard through heat press. This means that durian rind could be used as replacement for plywoo d in plywood industry by using durian fiber as composite materia l with adhesive substance. This research would study the probabilit y about the production of fiberboard made of durian rind throug h latex with phenolic resin as binding agent. At first, durian r i d was split, exposed to light, boiled and steamed in order to ga in durian fiber. Then, fiberboard was tested with the density of 600 Kg/m and 800 Kg/m. in order to find a suitable ratio of durian fiber and latex. Afterwards, mechanical properties were tested accor ding to the standards of ASTM and JIS A5905-1994. After the sui table ratio was known, the test results would be compared with medi um density fiberboard (MDF) and other related research studies . According to the results, fiberboard made of durian rind through latex with phenolic resin at the density of 800 Kg/m 3 at ratio of 1:1, the moisture was measured to be 5.05% with specific gra vity (ASTM D 2395-07a) of 0.81, density (JIS A 5905-1994) of 0.8 8 g/m, tensile strength, hardness (ASTM D2240), flexibility or elo ngation at break yielded similar values as the ones by medium densit y fiberboard (MDF). Keywords—Durian rind, latex, phenolic resin, medium density fiberboard


Wood is one of the nation's leading raw materials and is used for a wide variety of products, either directly as wood, or as derived materials in pulp and paper. Wood is a biological material and evolved to provide mechanical support and water transport to the early plants that conquered the land. Wood is a tissue that results from the differentiation and programmed cell death of cells that derive from a tissue known as the vascular cambium. The vascular cambium is a thin cylinder of undifferentiated tissue in plant stems and roots that gives rise to several different cell types. Cells that differentiate on the internal side of the cambium form xylem, a tissue composed in major part, of long thin cells that die leaving a network of interconnected cell walls that serve to transport water and to provide mechanical support for the woody plant. The shape and chemical composition of the cells in xylem are well suited for these functions. The structure of cells in xylem determines the mechanical properties of the wood because of the strength derived from the reinforced matrix of the wall. The hydrophobic phenolic surface of the inside of the cell walls is essential to maintain surface tension upon which water transport is based and to resist decay caused by microorganisms. The properties of wood derived from the function of xylem also determine its structural and chemical properties as wood and paper products. Therefore, the physical and chemical properties of wood and paper products also depend on the morphology and composition of the cells from which they are derived. Wood (xylem cell walls) is an anisotropic material, a composite of lignocellulose. It is a matrix of cellulose microfibrils, complexed with hemicelluloses, (carbohydrate polymers which contain sugars other than glucose, both pentoses and hexoses), embedded together in a phenolic matrix of lignin. The high tensile strength of wood in the longitudinal direction, is due to the structure of cellulose and the orientation of the cellulose microfibrils. Lignin provides the embedding matrix that imparts compressive strength and flexibility. The water conducting cells in xylem, the tracheids, are long thin cells, which become the fibers of paper when the lignin is removed from wood during the papermaking process. The length of the tracheids and the thickness of the walls have important effects on the properties of paper that is produced. The past two decades have marked a revolutionary period in biological sciences due to the development of gene splicing techniques. These methods have led to the directed engineering of organisms to develop new industrial products. The technology has been used to produce a wide variety of new pharmaceuticals and transgenic plants and animals. This technology is now also being applied to forest trees.


The author, on the basis of the analysis of the scientific opinions, gave the characteristic of the concept of judicial control and justice and examined a problem of the criminal procedure activity of law court at the stage of the performance of sentence. A problem of the realization of court of judicial control and justice by the law at the stage of the performance of sentence is particularly examined.


Abstract We study the relationship between the enforceability of covenants not to compete (CNCs) and employee mobility and wages. We exploit a 2015 CNC ban for technology workers in Hawaii and find that this ban increased mobility by 11 percent and new-hire wages by 4 percent. We supplement the Hawaii evaluation with a cross-state analysis using matched employer–employee data. We find that eight years after starting a job in an average-enforceability state, technology workers have about 8 percent fewer jobs and 4.6 percent lower cumulative earnings relative to equivalent workers starting in a nonenforcing state. These results are consistent with CNC enforceability increasing monopsony power.


We are pleased to present the September issue of the Journal of the Australian Library and Information Association (JALIA). In this issue, in addition to the Jean Arnot essay, we have two peer-reviewed research papers, two peer-reviewed research-in-practice papers, an information-in-practice paper, recognition of librarians in the Queen's birthday honours list, an opinion piece, and fourteen book reviews. We kick off the issue with the essay which won the 2019 Jean Arnot Fellowship. The essay by Josephine Laretive is titled Information literacy, young learners and the role of the teacher librarian. The essay highlights the important role that school librarians play in supporting young learners' information literacy in the context of their internet use. In their research article Where is the I(nformation) in GLAM? Education, Knowledge and Skill Requirements of Professionals Working in GLAM Sector Institutions, Mary Anne Kennan and Jessie Lymn present the results of a qualitative study across twenty GLAM institutions in both urban and regional Australia. The study investigated the knowledge and skills requirements across the sector. The different histories, traditions and roles within the sector are evident, as is an increasing need for information managers in museums and galleries, as digitisation, crowdsourcing, and social media use increases, and collections grow and diversify. The second research paper by Vassiliki Veros, Metatextual Conversations: The Exclusion/Inclusion of Genre Fiction in Public Libraries and Social Media Book Groups makes a case for libraries to be more open and inclusive in facilitating book clubs, reading groups, and conversations based on genre fiction (including romance fiction) in addition to literary fiction and non-fiction to fulfil their mandate of social inclusion and the promotion of reading and literacies. Currently groups thrive online, where discussion and critical engagement of genre fiction is being initiated and led by readers, and not by cultural authorities, publishers, reviewers or librarians. Veros argues there is a need for these two spaces to come together in order to contribute to all readers' cultural and social capital, and also to promote the discussion of such books in physical libraries so as not to exclude those readers who are not in the online discussion spaces. Enhancing the academic library experience with chatbots: An exploration of research and implications for practice, is a research-in-practice paper where Indra McKie and Bhuva Narayan present a fun project that used research evidence to help university students become more comfortable in using the library through their interactions with a voice user interface (VUI) or a chatbot. Read on to meet the Lib-bot! The second research-in-practice paper Re-imagining Classification Systems in Remote Libraries by Maeva Masterton, Carol Stableford and Anja Tait discusses the importance of acknowledging Indigenous ways of knowing and doing as they relate broadly to library and information science. The article details a compelling story of a project that is JOURNAL OF THE AUSTRALIAN LIBRARY AND INFORMATION ASSOCIATION 2019, VOL. 68, NO. 3, 223–224 https://doi.org/10.1080/24750158.2019.1654840


The expected relativistic stabilization of the closed-shell electronic ground state lead to the prediction of noble gas like properties for element 112 [1]. Other prediction methods yielded a volatile noble metallic character [2,3]. First chemical investigations yielded evidence that element 112 does not behave like Hg at room temperature. An upper limit of the adsorption enthalpy (∆H ads) of element 112 on gold was deduced as-∆H ads Au (E112) < 60 kJ/mol. [4] Our experiment was designed to measure the adsorption enthalpy of element 112 on Au, which is decisive on whether it forms a metallic bond or a noble-gas like van der Waals interaction. So far, the only directly produced isotope of element 112 with a long enough half-life to be chemically character-ised is 283 112. Recent results [5] show that this isotope can be produced in the nuclear fusion reaction 238 U(48 Ca,3n) with a cross-section of ~2 pb. It decays via spontaneous fission with t ½ ~5 min. At the UNILAC accelerator at GSI Darmstadt a 238 U target was irradiated with about 2.8·10 18 particles of 48 Ca. Volatile products of the nuclear reaction were thermalized in pure He and swept through a PFA capillary to a getter oven containing Ta and Ti metal and operated at 1000°C in order to remove traces of water and oxygen from the carrier gas. Subsequently, the still volatile products were swept to the thermochromatographic device COLD. The adsorption behaviour of element 112 in the COLD detector was compared simultaneously with that of 185 Hg produced in the nuclear reactions of nat Nd (admixture to the target) with 48 Ca and of 220 Rn, a transfer-product of the reaction of 238 U and 48 Ca. A detailed description of the experimental setup and the detection technique is given in [6]. The measured distribution of 185 Hg and 220 Rn is presented in Fig. 1. Applying a kinetic Monte-Carlo based model of gas adsorption chromatography, a quantification of the adsorption enthalpy of Hg and Rn is possible. The de-position pattern of Hg on Au allows the determination of a lower limit of-∆H ads Au (Hg) < 80 kJ/mol, in good agreement with literature values [6]. The deposition pattern of 220 Rn is reproduced best assuming an adsorption enthalpy of-∆H ads (Rn) = 22±1 kJ/mol, indicating an ice coverage at the cold end of the detector array. Moreover, analysis of the time …


It is shown that an FM-CW radar can be used as a Doppler radar to measure winds. A description of the processing used to measure Doppler shifts is included. An analysis of scattering by refractive-index fluctuations shows that, under certain conditions, a Doppler FM-CW radar should be able to measure winds continuously in the boundary layer. Experimental results comparing horizontal winds measured by a tethered balloon and the FM-CW radar show very good agreement.


The basis set dependence of the B3LYP approach for the calculation of the vibrational frequencies of naphthalene is shown. The dependence of the accuracy of the vibrational frequencies on the choice of functional is shown for naphthalene and naphthalene cation. Ten functionals are applied to large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); for the closed-shell neutral molecule, all of the methods perform well, while for two of the open-shell cations, all of the hybrid functionals tested fail, while all of the functionals using the generalized gradient approximation work. The implications on how best to study the vibrational frequencies of PAH molecules are discussed.


Substituent effects on the 1H and 13C chemical shifts of 18 differently substituted (Z)-α,N-diaryl nitrones [N-(p-X-benzylidene)phenylamine N-oxides (Series I) and N-(benzylidene)-p-Y-phenylamine N-oxides (Series II)] have been obtained. A correlation has been found between the chemical shifts of the azomethine proton (H-α) and the Hammett σ parameters and the Swain and Lupton F and R parameters. Correlations of the chemical shifts of C-1 and C-4′ in Series I, and of C-α and C-1′ in Series II, with the same parameters have been investigated. In addition, the chemical shifts of the aromatic protons and carbons of the p-disubstituted (m-disubstituted in one case) benzene rings correlated with the appropriate substituent increments (Zi). These correlations confirm the dual behaviour of the nitrone group and the presence of through-resonance in these nitrones.


The article deals with the issue of adapting a state carrier in a competitive environment on the base of improving the quality of providing transport services to the population in the municipality. The authors analyze the factors of the external and internal environment of public passenger transport of the municipality of Sterlitamak based on the use of PEST-analysis methods for assessing SWOT-analysis, as a result of which strategic areas for the development of public passenger transport have been determined. The analysis of the environment is the most important process of strategic management. Based on the data of this analysis, strategic areas of development are determined. Since the environment is a combination of external and internal factors affecting the activities of economic entities, it is necessary to analyze both the factors of the external environment and the factors of the internal environment. To analyze the factors of the macro-environment of public passenger transport of the municipality, the method of PEST- analysis was used which allows studying political- legal, economic, socio-cultural, technological factors affecting the operation of public passenger transport. Based on this tool, a SWOT-analysis was compiled, the main task of which is to develop a business strategy for the development of the facility, taking into account all the main factors – the driving forces for successful growth. The proposed measures will contribute not only to the development of urban passenger transport, but also bring the transport services market to a more advanced level.


This paper describes the management and the concurrency of user intefaces, designs and implements a user interface generation tool——UIGT based on ETN (Expansive Transition Network)/EVENT hybrid model. The kernel of UIGT is a pewerful environment of interactive edit and a recursive tool of automatic generation. The interactive editor accomplishes a flexible design of dialogue box, text window, graphic window, complexicon, pop-up menu, and expansive model etc., and the automatic generator employes a group of event controllers and implements the interfaces of application programs with various demands. Now, UIGT has successfully been used for the design of several integrated systems.


arrangements than do others, often more numerous. To suggest that overlapping circles of civil servants, elected politicians, eminent businessmen, and sometimes intellectuals, including academics, have played continuing roles in shaping public outcomes hardly amounts to a conspiracy theory. Nor does observing that, although we elect by a democratic process important leaders with clear political responsibility, many of the men and women who manage our bureaucracies, institutions, and large-scale economic units are merely coopted.


The problem of rational energy use is directly related to sustainable socio-economic and technological development, so its solution is a complex priority. Energy efficiency in modern industry is achieved through the improvement of management methods and the use of energy-saving technologies. The aim of this work is to analyze the possibility of reducing energy consumption in the technology of wood fire-retardant impregnation after incomplete drying. The study uses experimental methods and methods of mathematical modeling. It is established that the efficiency of wood impregnation according to the criteria of time and energy consumption increases with a decrease in the time interval between the drying completion and the impregnation start, and also depends on the degree of pre-drying, which should be sufficient, but not excessive. The adequacy of the results is confirmed by their consistency with the known literature data.


A flurry of recent publications have implicated hematopoietic specific Src family kinases (SFKs) in contributing to the pathogenesis of lymphoid and myeloid leukemia. However, little is known about the mechanism(s) by which these kinases regulate the growth of myeloid cells. SFKs share significant structural and amino acid sequence homology, particularly in the catalytic domain and in the SH2 and SH3 domains of the regulatory region. Therefore, it is generally believed that SFKs play a redundant role in regulating growth and actin based functions. Although, there are no apparent differences in the known effector domains of SFKs, significant differences exist between the amino terminus unique regions of Hck, Fgr and Lyn. Here, we show that the deficiency of Hck or Fgr or both in myeloid cells results in reduced cytokine (stem cell factor [SCF] & IL-3) induced proliferation. In contrast, deficiency of Lyn SFK results in enhanced growth and survival of myeloid cells. SCF induced hypersensitivity due to Lyn deficiency is observed in spite of the presence of Hck and Fgr in myeloid cells, suggesting that Lyn functions with specificity in negatively regulating cytokine signaling. To determine whether SCF induced hypersensitivity due to Lyn deficiency is contributed via its N-terminal unique domain, we cloned and retrovirally expressed a mutant version of Lyn that lacks its unique domain. As expected, reconstituting Lyn−/− myeloid cells with a cDNA encoding the wildtype version of Lyn completely restored cytokine induced hypersensitivity to wildtype levels. In contrast, expression of a Lyn mutant lacking its N-terminal unique domain, but consistent of all the other domains, including the myristolation and the palmitoylation acetylation sites behaved in a fashion similar to Lyn deficient myeloid cells. Furthermore, neither overexpression of Hck, nor Fgr in Lyn−/− cells affected cytokine induced hypersensitivity. To further characterize the unique nature of Lyn's N-terminal (unique) domain in cytokine induced hypersensitivity, we cloned and expressed several chimeric proteins in which the unique domain of Lyn was replaced with the unique domain of Hck or Fgr. When expressed in Lyn−/− cells, these chimeric proteins were unable to correct cytokine induced hypersensitivity due to Lyn deficiency. In contrast, swapping Hck's or Fgr's unique domain with Lyn's unique domain completely rescued cytokine induced hypersensitivity in Lyn−/− cells. These results suggest that Lyn's unique domain plays a critical role in negatively regulating cytokine induced growth in myeloid cells. Although Lyn contains a palmitoylation and an acetylation site, the specific role of these sites in membrane targeting and in cytokine-induced growth is not known. To assess the role of these sites, we generated three additional mutants of Lyn and expressed them in Lyn−/− cells. Mutant of Lyn lacking both the acetylation and the palmitoylation site demonstrated cytokine induced hypersensitivity similar to that seen in Lyn−/− cells. In contrast, mutating the acetylation site alone in Lyn did not affect cytokine induced hyperproliferation, although mutating the palmitoylation site did result in cytokine induced hypersensitivity. Taken together, our results provide compeling evidence for a novel role for Lyn's unique domain in negatively regulating cytokine signaling, which is distinct from the role of Hck or Fgr's unique domain.


Poe Goes Mainstream Dennis R. Perry and Carl H. Sederholm, eds. Adapting Poe: Re-Imaginings in Popular Culture. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. 296 pp. $90.00 hardcover.With the popularity of Fox's television show The Following, about an ex-college professor, Joe Carroll, who inspires his cult-like entourage to enact crimes and "write their own chapter" based on the interpretation of the works of Edgar Allan Poe, it is timely that Adapting Poe: Re-Imaginings in Popular Culture, a book about Poes adaptations, has been released. Poe s popularity crosses genres, bridging television in the aforementioned example, crossing into film in the 2012 work with John Cusack, The Raven, and in music with The Alan Parsons Project that ι constructed a concept album based on the works of Poe. It is this cross genre, cross generational appeal that the editors of the collection seek to address.The book begins with the premise that Poe acts as a central referent to all things horror. For the text's purposes, works that are faithful adaptations are of less concern than are works that extend the trope of Poe in music, film, and other popular culture imaginings. Thus, the concern is not one of fidelity, but rather the intertextual relationship between Poe's works to other works of horror, within the detective genre, and even in science fiction. In their introduction, editors Dennis R. Perry and Carl H. Sederholm utilize the idea established by John Orr in reference to Alfred Hitchcock ("matrix-figure") and extrapolate this notion to Poe. This figure, according to Perry and Sederholm, is "an individual whose ideas, works, and influence intersect other areas of life at so many points that it becomes impossible to imagine the world without him or her" (5). This premise guides the essays in this collection in showing how Poe's influence and reach extend far beyond basic adaptations of his work.The collection is broken down into twenty essays (one being an introduction to the text) that examine various permutations of Poe's horrific, gothic, and fanciful literary quests. In Rachel McCoppin's essay "Horrific Obsessions: Poe's Legacy of the Unreliable and Self-Obsessed Narrator," she uses Poe's short stories "The Black Cat" and "The Tell-Tale Heart" to illustrate the self-deluded and singularly fixated narrator and how this form of narration can be further applied to works like Alfred Hitchcock's Vertigo and M. Night Shyamalan's The Sixth Sense. By presenting a narrator whose view is skewed, the reader also sees the story through the narrators singular focus, thus leading to the unique plot twists in the works, respectively. The reader of the text becomes or rather participates in the delusion. The formula, established by Poe, performs various iterations in modern day horror tales.The concept of Poe as a horrific referent and a signifier for promoting such an idea is explored in Joan Ormrod's essay "In the Best Possible Tastes: Rhetoric and Taste in AIP's Promotion of Roger Corman's Poe Cycle." Here, Ormrod argues that American International Pictures utilized Poe's name, a signifier of horror and gothic ideals, coupled with the image of Vincent Price as a marriage of two referents creating an always-already conception of horror; this publicity functioning as a means of success on many levels and cutting across high and low audiences. Ormrod describes how Poe was seen to be prurient and unaligned with the Protestant morality of the nineteenth century with his drug and alcohol abuse, and Poe wasn't seen to be canonical, but rather sensational. …


Context. A red galaxy spectrum with a very clear emissionline of 4626 A has been found in the SDSS galaxy catalogue. It has not been possible to identify the line in the SDSS spectrum with any known in the front galaxy spectrum. A very resonable solution is a galaxy-galaxy lens system consisting of the red galaxy SDSS J022244.45-085222.1 (SDSS plate-mjd-fiberid) as lens, and a source at z 2:8, assuming the line being Ly Aims. We report Imaging and spectroscopy of this possible gravitational lens, observed at the Nordic Optical Telescope. Methods. We present explanation of the code used to find this candidate, analysis of the images and spectra, and a short presentation of gravitational lens theory with focussing mainly on spherical density distributions. Results. Unfortunately the limited data collected at the NOT did not confirm the line. A very limited number of such Ly lens systems, both candidates and confirmed, has been found using the SDSS spectroscopic catalogue, so indeed a conclusion of our observations is useful. Conclusions.


Poisoning is one of the most common methods to commit suicide in India. Most of the population in India resides in rural areas, where pesticides are commonly used in farming, and that is why it is the most common poisoning in India. Vadodara is the 'chemical city' of Gujarat, because chemical factories are more here, and consequently the incidences of accidental and intentional poisoning are also higher at this centre. A detailed knowledge about the nature and magnitude of the poisoning cases in this particular area is significant for early diagnosis and prompt treatment. To know the trends of fatal poisoning in mid-Gujarat, we conducted a retrospective study in the Department of Forensic Medicine, S.S.G. Hospital and Medical College, Vadodara. A total of 289 cases of fatal poisoning were brought to us for post-mortem examination during the span of 1 year (from January to December 2008), and therefore all data related to age, sex and seasonal variation with manner of poisoning were studied with detailed autopsy examination. The results of chemical analysis of routine viscera were subsequently analysed after receiving forensic science laboratory reports. Our study revealed that the majority of victims were Hindus, males 21–30 years of age who died due to self-ingestion of insecticide poison in the initial months of the year.


Background Inhalation of long acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) and long acting beta2 agonists (LABA) improve dyspnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Despite the improvements in dyspnea, we sometimes experience cases which pulmonary function tests show little improvement. On the other hand, as pulmonary blood flow volume decrease in COPD patients, there are few studies describing changes of pulmonary blood flow volume by inhalation treatment. Therefore, we measured the cross-sectional area (CSA) of small pulmonary vessels 2 and calculated the percentage of total CSA in the area of the lung (%CSA Methods In 25 patients with COPD, we evaluated %CSA Results For inhalation therapy, 6 patients used LAMA, while 12 patients used LABA alone. Seven patients used both LAMA and LABA. In the upper and lower lung, %CSA Conclusion Inhalation of bronchodilator increased %CSA


We propose a variable-gain optical amplifier that exhibits excellent performance in metro wavelength-division-multiplexing networks containing mixed span losses. The amplifier consists of a variable-gain Raman fiber amplifier and a gain-clamped semiconductor optical amplifier. Each span of different loss is exactly compensated by adjusting the pump power of a Raman laser diode to have the maximum optical signal-to-noise ratio. Sixteen channels of 10-Gb/s signals were successfully transmitted over 170 km of mixed span losses (total, 87 dB) under dynamic additions/removals situations.


A new design of stripline transition structures and flip-chip interconnects for high-speed digital communication systems implemented in low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) substrates is presented. Simplified fabrication, suitability for LTCC machining, suitability for integration with other components, and connection to integrated stripline or microstrip interconnects for LTCC multichip modules and system on package make this approach well suited for miniaturized, advanced broadband, and highly integrated multichip ceramic modules. The transition provides excellent signal integrity at high-speed digital data rates up to 28 Gbits/s. Full-wave simulations and experimental results demonstrate a cost-effective solution for a wide frequency range from dc to 30 GHz and beyond. Signal integrity and high-speed digital data rate performances are verified through eye diagram and time-domain reflectometry and time-domain transmissometry measurements over a 10-cm long stripline.


Objective To study the influence of different preoperative fast time on the changes of arterial pressure. Methods Selected 120 patients who had accepted the resection of nucleus pulpous of lumbar intervertebral disc. Observed the preoperative fasting time and the changes of arterial pressure carefully. Results There was no significant correlation between the time of forbidden food before operation and the arterial pressure, r=-0.055, P=0.553. There was significant correlation between the time of forbidden water before operation and the arterial pressure, r=-0.241, P=0.008. Conclusion The long-term preoperative fasting time maybe the reason of preoperative hypotension. The preoperative forbidden water can influence the preoperative arterial pressure significantly.


In previous reports on the first long period of the periodic table we have shown how beautifully the regular and irregular doublet laws are found to hold not only for iso-electronic systems containing one2 valence electron but also those containing two3" and three3b valence electrons. It has also been shown that the addition of 0, 1, 2 and 3 3d electrons to the oneelectron systems of K, Ca, Sc and Ti, respectively, cause not only a change in the multiplicity of the resultant terms but also a shift in radiated lines toward the longer wave-lengths. This regular displacement law of multiplets, as well as the irregular doublet law, has enabled us to locate approximately the position in the spectrum of certain characteristic multiplets of Cr III and Mn III, which multiplets arise from the electron transitions, 3d34p to 3d34s and 3d44p to 3d44s, respectively. The data for these two multiplets are given in table 1. The regular doublet law in conjunction with Land6's interval rule was most effective in determining approximately the frequency differences between the terms of 5F'1,2,3,4,5 (3d34s) and those of 5G'2,3,4,5,6 (3d34p) for Cr III as well as between the terms of 6Dl,2,3,4,5(3d44s) and those of 6F1,2,3,4,5,6(3d44p) for Mn III. These frequency intervals are so regular for both the initial and final states that the strong lines of each multiplet, i.e., the diagonal lines in table 1, were easily picked out before the lines were definitely identified by exact measurements. Sufficient data is now available for elements in the first long period so that it is possible to extend the regular displacement law of multiplets, the nature of which has already been pointed out,3b through successivelv increasing iso-electronic systems as far as those of the Cu I, Zn II, etc., type. The wave-numbers given in table 2 and shown graphically in figure 1 were chosen in the following way. For the one-electron systems in the first column we have selected the strongest line of the principal doublet VOiL. 13, 1927 525


In this study a method to enhance sea oil spill observation using covariance and coherency matrix with quad-polarized synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is proposed. The proposed formula is used to differentiate the backscattering from the oil spills and biogenic slicks.


We propose a comprehensive built-in self-test (BIST) methodology for analog and mixed-signal circuits. A time-division multiplexing (TDM) comparator scheme was proposed as an effective signature analyzer for on-chip analog response compaction and pass/fail decision with minimum hardware overhead. By applying this scheme to the oscillation-based test, the oscillation frequency can be measured indirectly as well as the oscillation amplitude to increase the fault coverage. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can significantly reduce test time of the oscillation-based test with higher fault coverage.


The emergence of near-ambient temperature superconductivity under pressure in the metal hydride systems has motivated a desire to further understand such remarkable properties, specifically critical magnetic fields. YH$_6$ is suggested to be a departure from conventional superconductivity, due to apparent anomalous behavior. Using density functional calculations in conjunction with Migdal-Eliashberg theory we show that in YH$_6$ the critical temperature and the isotope effect under pressure, as well as the high critical fields, are consistent with strong-coupling conventional superconductivity; a property anticipated to extend to other related systems. Furthermore, the strong-coupling corrections occur to the expected BCS values for the Ginzburg-Landau parameter ($\kappa_{1}(T)$), London penetration depth ($\lambda_{L}(T)$), electromagnetic coherence length ($\xi(T)$), and the energy gap ($\Delta_{0}$).


.................................................................................................................. I Acknowledgements ............................................................................................... II Author's declaration ........................................................................................... IV Table of contents .................................................................................................. V List of Figures ....................................................................................................... X List of tables ...................................................................................................... XVI Abbreviations ................................................................................................. XVII Chapter 1 General introduction ....................................................................... 1 1.


Now a days, as the technology is improving day by day, People are eager to take advantage and use latest technology to automate most of the possible things in order to make their day to day life easier. The main objective of this paper is to develop a project which monitors the weather parameters like temperature, humidity and gas. The proposed method is to build our own weather dashboard, Using GSM, Arduino board and sensors. Sensors which senses the weather inside and outside of house over time sends the data to the channel created in Thing Speak. The results in Thing speak, are noted through IOT application. The reliability of the proposed work can be further improved using Wireless Sensor Nodes at different places.


As almost every physician in the country is now aware, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) published data in early April 2014 that showed detailed information on the $77 billion that 880 000 health care practitioners billed for some 6000 types of Medicare Part B services in 2012 (1). The data release came as a result of a Freedom of Information Act request made by The Wall Street Journal and a court decision that allowed it. The decision reversed an earlier federal court injunction that the American Medical Association had secured 35 years ago preventing the release of Part B Medicare payments made to individual physicians. Rather than respond to each request for the data, such as the one The Wall Street Journal made, the CMS released a public-use data file that contained all of the 2012 information on utilization, payment, and submitted charges by provider identification number, procedure code, and place of service. The CMS redacted data that involved fewer than 11 patients because of patient privacy concerns. Although many consumer advocates, employers, and insurers supported the data release for providing greater and much-needed transparency to the Medicare program, many physicians reacted with anger, indignation, and resentment at reports showing how much they had billed Medicare. Part of the response came from a sense of exposure at having their individual Medicare billings listed on the Internet and discussed in local newspapers. However, at least part of the frustration came from physicians who were generally in favor of sharing information but viewed this data release as providing potentially misleading information because it did not indicate how many physicians or other health care professionals may have billed Medicare by using a single provider number or how much of the charge might be for overhead expenses, such as injectable chemotherapy or other types of drugs. The American Medical Association had also raised concerns about potential errors in the data. It had requested that physicians be allowed to review the data before they were released but should not have been surprised that the request was not granted. The relevant institutional providers had never previously reviewed prior data releases, such as those for hospital payments or the hospital mortality statistics that were released in the 1990s. Furthermore, because these data were the basis for payments made to physicians and other Part B providers in 2012unlike other reporting dataassuming accuracy was not unreasonable. Where Could the Data Be Helpful? The purported purpose of the data release is 2-fold: To help detect and ferret out fraud and abuse, and to help consumers or patients make more informed choices about which physicians they should choose. It is easy to see how the data might help identify targets of opportunity for further fraud or abuse investigations, and at least 3 of the top 20 billers are already under investigation for fraud. Being a high biller, even an extraordinarily high biller, is not necessarily a sign of fraud or abuse, but a high total of particular procedures that far exceed the norm should at least suggest opportunities for further exploration. There are many legitimate explanations for greater use, such as sicker patients or large groups of physicians or other health care professionals billing under a single provider number. The data may also help further our understanding of variations in health care use and spending. One of the major conclusions of the recently released Institute of Medicine report on geographic variations, Variation in Health Care Spending: Target Decision Making, Not Geography, is that use and spending vary almost as much within geographic areas as across them and that to reduce inappropriate variation requires focusing on the level at which decisions are made (that is, the hospital or physician practice) (2). Analyses at the physician level could help document the extent of this type of variation. What Is Missing? The area that is most in need of better data and is perhaps least well-served by the payment data releasedescribed by some physicians as nothing more than a huge data dumpis help for patients who are trying to find out which physicians might be best for treating their conditions. The data could help patients identify the physicians who do substantial numbers of certain types of treatment. Although this information is not always important, the quantity of procedures done is frequently a good predictor of better patient outcomes for some complex procedures, such as coronary artery bypass grafting. However, even in terms of procedure volume, the data could be misleading. They include only Medicare data and not the procedures covered by Medicaid or private-sector payers. The data also may attribute volumes to a single physician when, in fact, they reflect the experience of multiple physicians in the same practice. However, the most serious limitation with the data is the absence of any quality metrics or any risk or case-mix adjustment to indicate the illness levels of the patients being seen. Fortunately, more sources of this information are being made available. Many major insurers are providing their enrollees with information on the probable cost of a particular procedure, depending on the physician seen and the quality metrics associated with various physicians and hospitals in the insurer's network that do such procedures. The government is also starting an official Physician Compare Web site that should help consumers make more informed choices (3). It will include such factors as demographic characteristics and individual-level quality metrics for program participation and will be a companion Web site to the existing Hospital Compare site that provides information on how well hospitals provide recommended care to their patients. It currently provides information for group practices of 25 or more on performance metrics for diabetes and coronary artery disease. What Is Next? The emphasis on transparency in pricing and quality in health care is here to stay. Such metrics have been increasingly available for hospitals and managed care plans but rarely for physicians. Making accurate and relevant physician information available will be changing and remain a work in progress for years to come. The physician groups that are willing to take leadership positions in developing useful and accurate information at the individual practice level will be doing their fellow practitioners a great serviceeven if it is not always perceived that way.


In this paper, we present the potential of the next generation neutrino experiment Hyper-Kamiokande for the study of neutrino oscillations. We first present the sensitivity of the experiment for the exclusion of the conservation of CP symmetry, and the determination of the mass hierarchy and of the octant of $\theta_{23}$ using a 187kton fiducial mass detector. We then discuss the improvements obtained with a second detector of identical fiducial mass in different configurations. With a single detector, and combining the analysis of accelerator neutrinos (295km baseline) and atmospheric neutrinos, Hyper-Kamiokande can exclude the conservation of CP symmetry in neutrino oscillations with 5$\sigma$ (resp. 3$\sigma$) significance for 57\% (resp. 74\%) of the possible true values of $\delta_{CP}$, and determine the mass hierarchy with more than 3$\sigma$ significance. This number increases to 4$\sigma$ significance if a second detector is added close to the first one in a staged approach, and to 6$\sigma$ if this additional detector is instead located in Korea, giving a longer baseline for the accelerator neutrinos.


In the political sphere Sadat Alavi most important result of migration to the north of Iran in the third century AD, was the establishment of the Alavite Shias in the Tabarestan. In the early fourth century with the formation and founding of the school of Nazareth, cities such as Amol and Hosem was considered of the main centers of culture Alavi promotion all over Tabarestan and deilam. This paper is a method descriptive and analytical science of history, was evaluated Sadat Alavi Zeidi efforts in the development the Shiite culture in Tabarestan. It can be concluded, Alevis popularity among the general public Mazandaran on the one hand, and trying Sadat Alavi featured in the spread of Islam and Shi'ite thought was Contact the Shiite government of the territory Tabarestan and Building schools, libraries, establishing debate circles and teaching the religious sciences which has been effective in promoting Shiite culture. That is importance of these efforts, according to the prevailing political situation and Sunni Islam dominant, the region has tried to revive the Shiite culture.


Infections, both community-acquired and nosocomial, are a major source of morbidity and mortality in patients with cirrhosis. The overall 3and 12-month mortality in cirrhotic patients with infections is 30.3% and 63%, respectively, and is 4-times higher as compared to patients without infections. Hence, there is great impetus to identify factors, which may modify infection risk in patients with cirrhosis. In a recent issue of the Journal, Sundaram et al., used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample to study whether obesity may be an independent risk factor for infection in patients with cirrhosis. They observed that among 115 465 patients hospitalised with cirrhosis, 12.5% were classified as obese. About one-third of patients had a diagnosis of infection, with significantly higher prevalence in patients with class III obesity [body mass index (BMI), ≥40 kg/m) (44.0%), followed by class I/II obesity (BMI 30.0–39.9 kg/m) (38.9%), followed by nonobese adults (31.9%). Obese patients had a higher prevalence of urinary tract infections, bacteraemia and skin/soft tissue infections, whereas a lower prevalence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, as compared to nonobese patients. On multivariable-adjusted analysis after controlling for risk factors associated with infection, patients with cirrhosis who had class III obesity and class I/II obesity were associated higher risk of infection as compared to nonobese patients with cirrhosis, respectively. While there are inherent limitations of using an administrative database (risk of misclassification of exposure and outcome, lack of access to patient level data and more granular risk factors of infection), these findings may have important implications. With an estimated 1.9 billion adults worldwide being overweight, of which 600 million are obese, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has reached epidemic proportions. Obesity is an independent risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and also portends worse prognosis in patients with other chronic liver diseases. Obesity along with other factors such as alcohol use and/or smoking may even have a synergistic effect in worsening liver-related outcomes such as mortality and hepatocellular carcinoma. In the general population, obesity has been associated with an increased risk of both bacterial and viral infections, at several body sites, and nosocomial and surgical site infections. Obese patients are also more likely to get more severe infections than their nonobese counterparts, and carry poorer prognosis with higher risk of resistance to treatment. This increased infection risk is probably attributable to metabolically active visceral fat, as opposed to subcutaneous fat. Adipocytokines, in particular leptin, activates polymorphonuclear neutrophils, exerts proliferative and anti-apoptotic activities on T lymphocytes, affects cytokine production, regulates the activation of monocytes/macrophages, and contributes to wound healing. The increased risk of skin and soft tissue infections, however, may be related to impaired blood supply in adults with subcutaneous adiposity. Clinicians should be cognizant of this association between obesity and infection risk in cirrhosis. Prospective studies are warranted to better understand pathophysiology, risk stratification as well as outcomes in this cohort. This offers further impetus to tackle to growing obesity epidemic in liver diseases.


An act-theoretical view on the profile of responsibility discourse shows in what sense not only all kinds of technical, pragmatic and moral reason, but also all kinds of religious motivation cannot justify a human action sufficiently without acknowledgment to three basic principles of human autonomy as supreme limiting conditions that are human dignity, sense, and justifiability. According to Thomas Aquinas human beings ultimately owe their moral autonomy to a divine creator. So this autonomy can be considered as an expression of secondary-cause autonomy and as the voice of God in the enlightened conscience.


In this paper, a novel robot-assisted platform for single-port minimally invasive surgery is presented. A miniaturized seven degrees of freedom (dof) fully internalized in-vivo actuated robotic arm is designed. Due to in-vivo actuation, the system has a smaller footprint and can generate 20 N of gripping force. The complete work envelop of the robotic arms is 252 mm × 192 mm × 322 m. With the assistance of the cannula-swivel system, the robotic arms can also be re-positioned and have multi-quadrant reachability without any additional incision. Surgical tasks, such as lifting, gripping suturing and knot tying that are commonly used in a standard surgical procedure, were performed to verify the dexterity of the robotic arms. A single-port trans-abdominal cholecystectomy in a porcine model was successfully performed to further validate its functionality.


Unfortunately there are many examples of inadequate and unsustainable forest management by central governments and large private interests alike from both the developed and developing worlds. In developing countries, where governments are often distant from the resource base and have little means, some government forest reserves exist only on paper, having long ago been exploited and converted into other land uses. On the other hand, forest concession management by industry, especially when it tends to follow shortterm economic interests, has equally been questioned about its sustainability.