The need for addressing security concerns in mobile, distributed environments is well known. However, providing security mechanisms at the application layer is usually insufficient, especially when considering object-oriented (OO) systems. This paper presents a domain-based approach to access control in a distributed environment with mobile objects and nodes. The dynamic nature and semantic diversity of OO systems make it difficult to ensure information security and integrity via traditional access control methods. One of the challenges we tackle in this work is that of hiding sensitive information in insecure environments, by providing objects in the system a 'view' of their state information, and subsequently managing this view. We present a middleware-based architecture for providing access control in such an environment and view-sensitive mechanisms for protection of resources while both objects and hosts are mobile. We examine issues with delegation and revocation in the context of this architecture and discuss performance issues in supporting these solutions, as well as an initial prototype implementation in the context of a composable middleware framework, CompOSE|Q being developed at the University of California, Irvine.


Viscous media are frequently encountered in aerobic biotechnological processes, and gas bubbling into such media is an essential feature. An efficient contact between gas and liquid phases is necessary to maintain high reaction rates. The production capacity of aerobic bioreactors is often limited by the rate at which oxygen is made available to microorganisms. High viscosity of certain biological media (e.g., xanthan gum and polysaccharide fermentation) makes it more difficult to transfer oxygen. It is therefore extremely important to understand and decipher the mechanism of oxygen transfer, especially in media that are highly viscous and non-Newtonian. The key variable indicating the efficiency of gas–liquid contacting, and in turn influencing oxygen transfer, is gas hold-up, i.e., fraction of the dispersion constituting the gas phase. This chapter examines the gas hold-up structure in impeller agitated viscous liquids, reviews the link between operating variables and gas hold-up, and presents models that can be used to analyze gas–liquid mass transfer in such systems. TX68926.book Page 105 Monday, January 27, 2003 11:49 AM


The overexcitation makes the transformer overheating to result in insulation aging and reduce use life of the equipment.Use PSCAD/EMTDC to set up the simulation model of the transformer′s overexcitation fault.Analysis and comparision of theory,practice and simulation show that the software has a good application value in the transformer′s overexcitation simulation.


Many reports to the nation have revealed differences in the educational experiences of males and females. This is especially true in mathematics and science where females are not receiving the necessary educational background to develop the skills and understanding required to be citizens and employees in today's technological world. As a result, females are underrepresented in science, mathematics, and engineering professions. This study compares one school district's data with the data in national reports and then attempts to analyze what factors exist in the community and school district that reinforce and perpetuate inequitable situations for females. This study also provides a model for other school districts to conduct a self-study of gender equity education issues.


First-principles calculations were used to analyze relationship between elastic sti ff ness and thermal conductivity of Eu 2 Hf 2 O 7 and Gd 2 Hf 2 O 7 pyrochlore oxides. Eu 2 Hf 2 O 7 demonstrated mechanical properties inferior to Gd 2 Hf 2 O 7 . Eu 2 Hf 2 O 7 and Gd 2 Hf 2 O 7 belong to quasi-ductile ceramic materials because their G / B ratios are below 0.571 and because of their positive Cauchy pressure values. Thermal conductivity values of Eu 2 Hf 2 O 7 and Gd 2 Hf 2 O 7 , equal to 1.66 and 1.62 W / (m·K) are below that of yttria stabilized zirconia. Thus, Eu 2 Hf 2 O 7 and Gd 2 Hf 2 O 7 pyrochlores are promising as thermal barrier coatings for high-temperature applications, for example, in gas turbine engines.


This paper briefly reviews the present status of the research on the mixed modification of PbTiO3 piezoelectric ceramic for the purpose of applying the modified piezoelectric ceramic practically.It introduces some typical perfect compositions and the prop- erties.


A member of Rice University's Graduate Students' Association riding a bicycle with a metal beer keg serving as the front tire, during the Beer Bike cycling event. The student is wearing a tank top tee-shirt decorated with spangles, as well as a helmet with white stars on a blue background. Other participants and onlookers are visible nearby. Original resource is a color slide.


The anisotropy of rock is closely related to the migration and accumulation of oil and gas.Transverse wave is sensitive to anisotropy.Therefore it can offer invaluable information lor oil exploration and development.Due to the anisotropy of rock, when the compressional wave propagates in the subsurface, it will create compressional wave and transverse wave on the interface of wave impedance.So wo can use this information to research the physical property of the rock.This paper is based on the finite difference and aimed at the reservoir geological property.We utilize the wave equation propagation characteristics of elastic wave to research P-SV converted wave, and analyze its propagation characteristics to direct its application in reservoir prediction.The result shows that the transverse wave has a better image than the compressional wave when they travel through the reservoir.


We define three new sets of numbers somewhat similar to Repunit numbers [1] and the Smarandache Unary numbers[2], which we call Smarandache Repunit N (SRN) numbers. We report primes, properties, co...


Low-density parity-check (LDPC)codes with iterative decoding has been a topic of great current interest because of its remarkable near-capacity performance recently. However, the coding technique is very complexity. It is incapable of operating in the Data storage field. In this paper, a simple LDPC codes is constructed in accordance with combinatorial method and triple systems, and implemented in ordinary logic circuit. It meets the demand of fast readout in holographic data storage.


Abstract The notion of conjunctive descriptions of signals as a generalization of the time–frequency distributions was introduced some time ago (Moharir, 1990). This paper discusses some of those which are akin to Rihaczek distribution but based on non-Fourier transforms. For few deterministic signals they are computed and a visual comparison is made with the conventional Wigner distribution. In case of stochastic signals alternative schemes for obtaining smooth distributions are suggested.


The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the Venezuelan market in social and economic development of the Municipality of Pacaraima (Brazil), taking into account the indigenous reserves. The development comes with the role of the relationship between state and society. This relationship is important both for the exchange of information as to the development of joint activities, which in turn cooperate in the formation of social capital, whose accumulation can lead to an expansion of economic efficiency, increased productivity of factors of production and economic growth . The methodology used was qualitative and quantitative as well as exploratory and descriptive. The procedures were used to study and survey the field survey. The techniques of data collection were semi-structured interview,
applied with the owners of 30 companies registered and based in the city cited above. The quantitative data were applied to 20 closed questionnaire Brazilian tourists and 80 local residents. Later quantitative data were tabulated and organized into spreadsheet software (MSExcel) in which generated the result of the quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using narrative analysis. In anticipation of the results it was evident that the migration of Brazilians to purchase consumer goods in Santa Elena (Venezuela) and the demarcation of indigenous lands negative influence on the socioeconomic development of the municipality.


This article analyzes the trends in the yields of 10-year government securities of the countries of Southern Europe, in particular Greece, Italy Portugal and Spain, over the period 2005-2020. To study the factors affecting the rate of government securities yields of these countries, regression models using the least squares method and vector autoregression framework, namely the Granger test, were constructed. The models investigate the impact of various independent variables, namely government debt, government budget balance, real effective exchange rate and GDP on profitability of the national bonds. It was proved that in the conditions of the ECB's unconventional monetary policy, which continually stimulates demand for government securities, internal factors are no longer the main ones in determining the yields on national bonds and, accordingly, the cost of servicing the public debt of the euro area countries. The consequences of the ECB's monetary policy were most evident in 2020, when unprecedented financial stimulus measures were implemented in the fight against the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to a drop in government bond yields in Southern Europe to historically low levels. Such a strong dependence of the demand for government bonds and the cost of servicing public debt of Southern European countries on an external factor - the policy of the European Central Bank can lead to serious shocks for national economies in the future, especially when the ECB is forced to abandon the over-expansionary monetary policy.


Response Surface Method(RSM)was applied to optimize the extraction condition of procyanidine from broad bean shell. The influence factors of microwave power, microwave radiation time and extraction solvent concentration were investigated at a three-variable, three-level experiment Box-Behnken design(BBD). The best possible combination of extraction parameters obtained is as follows: microwave power 387.5 W, microwave radiation time 8.3 min and extraction solvent concentration 48.4%. The content of procyanidine in broad bean shell is 9.15% calculated from the extraction rate under the optimum extraction condition.


Chinese traditional philosophy can provide insights for teacher education. The purpose of this article is to discuss two main aspects of Dao philosophy, Dao teachers' cultivation and Dao teaching behavior, in order to interpret the nature of Dao teaching. This article outlines a conceptual model of Dao teaching consisting of Dao teachers' cultivation based on Laozi's three essentials and Dao teaching behavior based on the nature of water philosophy to guide the teaching performance of teachers. The Dao teaching construction model offers a new perspective for teacher education research and practice. The article concludes with a discussion of the practical value of considering Dao philosophy as an underlying approach to teacher education.


In this communication, we propose a new dielectric resonator antenna loaded with rectangular ceramic of the BST material. The high permittivity of the material allows the shifting of the antenna resonant frequency from 10.77 GHz to 8 GHz, achieving a size reduction of the resonator antenna about 67% compared to an ordinary DRA for the same resonant frequency. The numerical analysis was carried out using two electromagnetic simulators including the CST Microwave Studio in the time domain and the HFSS (High-frequency Structure Simulator) in the frequency domain. The numerical results issued from simulations are presented and compared in terms of the resonant frequency, antenna size, reflection coefficient, and radiation patterns.


As many e-learning scholars have emphasized, e-learning – situated in a global network of digital technologies – has, of course, a complex global dimension that manifests itself in diverse ways in different institutional, disciplinary, national, and other local academic and educational traditions as digital technologies intersect with local educational practices, policies, and pedagogies. Accordingly, many e-learning scholars have placed this global dimension of e-learning and its local manifestations at the heart of their scholarship, with Lam (2009), for example, examining the literacy practices of immigrant teenagers in online environments; Al-Fadhli (2008) exploring the perceptions of e-learning at Kuwait University; and Marumo et al (2009) studying the role of an elearning platform for educational innovation in Botswana. Others have compared information and communication technology knowledge and usage through the lens of gender and class in Ghana (Kwapong, 2009); studied the role of e-learning in an early childhood programme offered at a virtual university in Africa (Pence, 2007); examined the role of new literacies in the teaching of


Ayatollah Khomeini, the leader of the 1979 Islamic Revolution, sought to chart out an independent course for Iran in regional and global affairs: 'neither East, nor West, the Islamic Republic.' The independent course, as he defined it, consisted of two integral components – political and economic independence from the imperialist West, and the sovereign freedom of Iranians to define and control Iran's fate solely on their own. Khomeini's successors have often attempted to compromise with the West by undertaking economic reforms aimed at reintegrating Iran into the imperialistic capitalist world economy. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), signed in mid-July 2015, brings Iran new opportunities but it also greatly compromises the ideological, philosophical and economic foundations of Khomeini's Islamic Republic. After four decades of anti-imperialist struggle, Iran has now largely come back to the fold of imperialism.


The authors' main purpose consists in financially assessing, as practically as possible, the effectiveness of various power system reconstruction scenarios following extreme weather conditions. Since they have to study a wide scope of situations, and find out solutions for a small number of structures, the method has to be simple. They chose to compare damages brought about by a major incident in several cases, depending on the way the network is secured. Damages mean the amount of initially disconnected customers, and the total time needed to re-connect them. In this, the authors' analysis focuses on MV power networks.


The goal of the work is to assess economic and environmental performance of microalgal biofuel production chain and identify hotspots in terms of CAPEX/OPEX, GHG emissions, energy demand and other environmental impacts. These evaluations are used to assist future R&D and business development directions.

The modelled plant has a production capacity of 163 kt-biofuels/year (corresponding to 1 Mta-CO2/year treatment capacity by microalgae). Operational energy demand is around 0.17 MJ/MJ of biofuel. Techno-economic assessment shows that future biofuel production cost would be down to 1190 €/t. It is suggested to focus future R&D on cultivation, HTL and upgrading operations, as well as equipment design of cultivation.

Life cycle assessment shows that a GHG emissions reduction of 72% would be reached by micro-algae biofuel, compared to conventional fuel in French electricity mix scenario. When looking into all environmental impacts, there is a trade-off when switching to microalgae-based biofuel, and trade-off seems acceptable. It is suggested to focus future R&D on heat integration of HTL/upgrading, reduction of nutrients and flocculent or research of alternative chemicals with lower environmental impact. Use of affordable blue or green hydrogen would further reduce environmental impacts as well.


To obtain a new anticancer drug, we focused on FER tyrosine kinase. Starting with high-throughput screening with our in-house chemical library, compound 1, which has a pyridine moiety, was found. Referring to their X-ray crystal structure with FES proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase, as a surrogate of FER followed by chemical modification including scaffold hopping of the pyridine template, we discovered pyrido-pyridazinone derivatives with potent FER kinase inhibitory activity. Here, we disclose the structure-activity relationship on the scaffold and representative compound 21 (DS21360717), which showed in vivo antitumor efficacy in a subcutaneous tumor model.


Context. Stellar age determination by means of grid-based techniques that adopt asteroseismic constraints is a well established method nowadays. However some theoretical aspects of the systematic and statistical errors a ff ecting these age estimates still have to be investigated. Aims. We study the impact on stellar age determination of the uncertainty in the radiative opacity, in the initial helium abundance, in the mixing-length value, in the convective core overshooting, and in the microscopic di ff usion e ffi ciency adopted in stellar model computations. Methods. We extended our SCEPtER grid to include stars with mass in the range [0.8; 1.6] M (cid:3) and evolutionary stages from the zero- age main sequence to the central hydrogen depletion. For the age estimation we adopted the same maximum likelihood technique as described in our previous work. To quantify the systematic errors arising from the current uncertainty in model computations, many synthetic grids of stellar models with perturbed input were adopted. Results. We found that the current typical uncertainty in the observations accounts for 1 σ statistical relative error in age determination, which on average ranges from about − 35% to + 42%, depending on the mass. However, owing to the strong dependence on the evolutionary phase, the age's relative error can be higher than 120% for stars near the zero-age main sequence, while it is typically of the order of 20% or lower in the advanced main-sequence phase. The systematic bias on age determination due to a variation of ± 1 in the helium-to-metal enrichment ratio Δ Y / Δ Z is about one-fourth of the statistical error in the first 30% of the evolution, while it is negligible for more evolved stages. The maximum bias due to the presence of the convective core overshooting is − 7% and − 13% for mild and strong overshooting scenarios. For all the examined models, the impact of a variation of ± 5% in the radiative opacity was found to be negligible. The most important source of bias is the uncertainty in the mixing-length value α ml and the neglect of microscopic di ff usion. Each of these e ff ects accounts for a bias that is nearly equal to the random error uncertainty. Comparison of the results of our technique with other grid techniques on a set of common stars showed general agreement. However, the adoption of a di ff erent grid can account for a variation in the mean estimated age up to 1 Gyr.


Our current understanding of the chemical evolution of the Universe is that a first generation of stars was formed out of primordial material, completely devoid of metals (Pop III stars). This first population of stars comprised massive stars that exploded as supernovae disseminating the metals they synthesised in the interstellar medium. These massive stars are long dead and cannot be observed in the local Universe. Among very metal poor stars (metallicity below -2.0) we expect to find the direct descendants of these pristine metal factories. The chemical composition of these stars provides us indirect information on the nature of the Pop III stars, their masses, luminosities and mode of explosion. The constraints are stronger if the chemical inventory is more complete, more chemical elements and isotopic ratios are measured for each star. Unfortunately the lower the metallicity of the star, the weaker the lines. Access to the space UV spectral range gives us crucial supplementary information. To start with, it allows access to some very strong Fe lines that may allow to measure the abundance of this element in stars for which this was not possible from the ground-accessible UV spectra. The number of such stars is steadily increasing. Next the UV range allows us to measure elements that cannot be measured from ground-based spectra like P, Ge, As, Se, Cd, Te, Lu, Os, Ir, Pt, Au. In addition it is fundamental for measuring other elements that can be accessed from earth, but with great difficulty, like C, S, Cu, Zn, Pb. The Hubble space telescope, with its limited collecting power made this possible only for very few stars. Old metal poor stars are cool, of spectral types F,G,K, and their UV flux is low. The availability of a UV high resolution spectrograph fed by a large area space telescope will open an unprecedented window on the early evolution of our Galaxy.


Children organise self-protectively in response to anxiety-provoking or dangerous parental behaviours. When children's self-protective responses are extreme and persist over time, they may come to the attention of health professionals in the guise of emotional, behavioural or somatic symptoms. A parallel phenomenon is that harmful parental behaviours may be embedded in the emotional processes of the intergenerational family unit, reflecting the parents' own experiences of comfort and danger, as well as the particular manner in which these experiences have been integrated into the parents' current functioning. Using a case study of a three-year-old girl with medically unexplained urinary retention, the article explores how information about attachment relationships and unresolved parental loss or trauma can inform our understanding of implicit, anxiety-driven processes within the family, and to facilitate family interventions and symptom alleviation. The case shows that the Dynamic-Maturational Model of attachment has significant applications in the areas of family therapy theory and practice, psychosomatic medicine and consult-liaison psychiatry.


ABSTRACT Based on a domestic violence intervention undergraduate course offered by a university in Mainland China, this study explores how dialogic education help enhance the competencies of students on domestic violence intervention through action research, with a key framework on gender sensitivity in a multicultural context. In the action process of dialogic education, teachers are the facilitators, constructing diverse dialogic contexts for students. This enables students to break the culture of silence about domestic violence in freewriting, understand intimate partner violence from a gender perspective, develop critical reflection through Chinese and international comparison view, and enhance cultural sensitivity through multicultural group interactions, all of which enable students to achieve professional competence in domestic violence intervention, based on their life experiences. Finally, this paper discusses the further application of dialogue-based anti-domestic violence education in the China context.


accordingly. However, they are not able to build The article presents a possible approach to model management in a knowledge-based system with distributed knowledge. The knowledge based system is designed to automatically generate vision inspections. The proposed model management mechanism extends system reasoning power without increasing system complexity. The model management knowledge is structured similarly to knowledge for inspection synthesis. Consequently, important advantages of knowledge organization like sharing, flexibility, independence, etc. are preserved for both kinds of knowledge.


This paper discusses optimal trajectories for hypervelocity flight of interest in aeroassisted orbital transfer. Both coplanar orbital transfer and noncoplanar orbital transfer are studied. More precisely, the GEO-to-LEO transfer, the HEO-to-LEO transfer, and the LEO-to-LEO transfer are considered in connection with a spacecraft which is controlled during the atmospheric pass via the angle of attack (coplanar case) or via the angle of attack and the angle of bank (noncoplanar case). Within the framework of classical optimal control, the following problems are studied: (P1) minimize the energy required for orbital transfer; (P4) maximize the time of flight during the atmospheric portion of the trajectory; and (P5) minimize the time integral of the square of the path inclination. Within the framework of minimax optimal control, the following problem is studied: (Q1) minimize the peak heating rate. Numerical solutions for Problems (P1), (P4), (P5), (Q1) are obtained by means of the sequential gradient - restoration algorithm for optimal control problems. The engineering implications of the results obtained are discussed. In particular, it is shown that the nearly-grazing solution [namely, the trajectory solving Problem (P5)] is a useful engineering compromise between energy requirements and aerodynamic heating requirements.


Microcephaly is described as a head circumference below the third centile or -2 standard deviation at standards constituted according to the age and gender. Microcephaly may either be primary or secondary. Primary microcephaly encompasses conditions, in which the brain is originally small, whereas secondary microcephaly describes conditions, in which the brain has been formed normally but its growth has been disrupted by a disease process. Head circumference is, thus, usually normal at birth. Microcephaly may result from various factors such as environmental ones (radiation, alchol and drug intake, etc), chromosomal disorders, isolated autosomal recessive inherited genetical disorders, metabolic diseases, neuronal migration anomalies, and craniosynostosis. Cerebral cortex, constituting the 55% of brain is seriously and negatively affected particularly in cases with primary microcephaly since the scull remains small and restricts the growth of the brain tissue. Mental retardation, intellectual problems and epilepsia may occur. Increase in our knowledge about microcephaly will greatly affect prognosis and make prenatal consulting possible. Thus, we aimed to interview the etiological, clinical and laboratory findings of our microcephalic patients.


8 ASUBTITLE: MANUFACTURERS ARE STRIVING TO INCREASE RELIABILITY IN ONE OF THE MOST VISIBLE YET LESS FLASHY ASPECTS OF THE REGIONAL AVIATION INDUSTRY.


PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device including a porous low dielectric layer is provided to reduce RC(Resistance Capacitance) delay by forming an insulation layer with low dielectric materials. CONSTITUTION: A substrate is loaded in a chamber. A dielectric layer is formed on the substrate(S1). The dielectric layer includes porogen. The dielectric layer is changed into a porous low dielectric layer by removing the porogen(S2). The substrate is unloaded from the chamber.


The article focuses on the evolution of mass-media discourse as illustrated by sports commenter's speech. The key points are, on the one hand, its democratization, and on the other hand, its intellectualization.


Significance Lymphatic vessel networks are important for various biological processes; thus, incorporating them into engineered constructs can have both research and clinical implications. Engineered lymphatic vessels can improve biomimicry and functionality of in vitro tissue assays and serve as a treatment for various diseases associated with impaired lymphatic function. In this work, we created functional engineered lymphatic vessels that anastomosed to the host lymphatic system postimplantation. We investigated the effect of supporting cells, cell-secreted extracellular matrix, and mechanical forces on lymphatic vessel formation within engineered constructs. Interestingly, lymphatic vasculature responded differently to cyclic stretch compared to blood vasculature. This phenomenon opens up an avenue for investigating the variability of cellular responses to mechanical stimulation. The lymphatic system is involved in various biological processes, including fluid transport from the interstitium into the venous circulation, lipid absorption, and immune cell trafficking. Despite its critical role in homeostasis, lymphangiogenesis (lymphatic vessel formation) is less widely studied than its counterpart, angiogenesis (blood vessel formation). Although the incorporation of lymphatic vasculature in engineered tissues or organoids would enable more precise mimicry of native tissue, few studies have focused on creating engineered tissues containing lymphatic vessels. Here, we populated thick collagen sheets with human lymphatic endothelial cells, combined with supporting cells and blood endothelial cells, and examined lymphangiogenesis within the resulting constructs. Our model required just a few days to develop a functional lymphatic vessel network, in contrast to other reported models requiring several weeks. Coculture of lymphatic endothelial cells with the appropriate supporting cells and intact PDGFR-β signaling proved essential for the lymphangiogenesis process. Additionally, subjecting the constructs to cyclic stretch enabled the creation of complex muscle tissue aligned with the lymphatic and blood vessel networks, more precisely biomimicking native tissue. Interestingly, the response of developing lymphatic vessels to tensile forces was different from that of blood vessels; while blood vessels oriented perpendicularly to the stretch direction, lymphatic vessels mostly oriented in parallel to the stretch direction. Implantation of the engineered lymphatic constructs into a mouse abdominal wall muscle resulted in anastomosis between host and implant lymphatic vasculatures, demonstrating the engineered construct's potential functionality in vivo. Overall, this model provides a potential platform for investigating lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic disease mechanisms.


B.M.A.'s Public Health Committee confessed that "community physicians themselves are seeking a more detailed and definite description of the work to be done by members of this specialty."4 The "core subjects" of the specialty were defined by the Royal Commission as epidemiology, statistics, medical sociology, operational research, and the organization of medical care. The conditions for membership and fellowship set out in the Faculty's standing orders include provision for examinations as well as election on experience, so that the founder members will have to get their aims clear at an early stage if a satisfactory syllabus is to be defined as leading up to the examinations. This is the more needed if, as the Royal Commission said, the recruitment of doctors to the specialty is unsatisfactory, for young doctors will not chance their arm on it unless an objective lies ahead. Certainly there is nothing new in the idea of community medicine, at least in Great Britain, where the pioneers of the nineteenth century set out aims and methods that stand today. If the Faculty can help its members to build on that great tradition it will earn the respect of the whole medical profession. Meanwhile it is welcome and deserves support.


In this paper we conceptualize and define the QD Framework, a generic solution to manage a set of mirror servers, enabling a specific online service to be offered on the web with a better availability and success rate for requests. The framework includes all the components needed to deal with such service: registration, cataloging, monitoring, distribution and access for the end users. For validation, a case study was done with an implementation of the proposed framework to support a large scale service that provides machine translation of digital content in portuguese language to LIBRAS (Brazilian Sign Language).


The culture of the 'invisible university' and the enabling electronic environment coupled with the crisis in scholarly communication has been the impetus for two new initiatives: alternative scholarly publishing and e-Print archives. Centralised subject e-Print archives have achieved cautious success and a complementary institutional based model is now being advocated. The presentation will discuss the opportunities for libraries in setting up an institutional e-Print archive within the Open Archive Initiative http://www.openarchives.org/ and demonstrate how OAI global harvesting protocol will provide a mechanism to bridge the digital divide and offer free access to research literature for both developed and developing countries. A marine science e-Print archive based on IAMSLIC institutions is proposed.


There is an important difference between an image that is a work of art and one that is an illustration. The latter's content will have been defined before the picture: its role is to serve, make clear, to visualise. It should not add complexity or provoke new questions. A work of art, on the other hand, may serve a purpose or have an agenda, but it will contain some question that cannot be fully answered, some kind of intangible value that cannot be extricated without being redefined and changed in the process. This value makes the work unstable and it encourages the viewer (a term which will include the artist) to shift his/her position. No categorisation being absolute, it will always be possible to find examples of images that have been made in order to illustrate one thing or another, and where the maker has had further ambitions, or where s/he just got lucky and managed to add something that does not let itself be extracted and simplified. The more of this, the less efficient the image will be in its primary role to illustrate whatever idea it was meant to communicate. On the other hand, the artist who has no assignment but his/her own must be aware of the danger of continuing to produce work when all questions have been answered and there is no space left in the work for it to create new meaning. At this point the work will have become stationary instead of mobile, stable instead of dynamic. The artist will then be illustrating herself/himself.


A joint endeavor of William Shakespeare and Thomas Middleton, Timon of Athens has been summarily dismissed as an ambitious failure. The advent of the New Economic Criticism has cast this play in new light. Economically inflected readings have dominated recent assessments of Timon's sudden shift from altruism in the first two acts to misanthropy in the last three. While analyses that foreground the exigencies of early modern England's culture of credit go far in elucidating the historical backdrop of this obscure play, they presuppose that the key to the mystery of Timon lies in its protagonist. This essay moves away from treating Timon as an exploration of character and investigates instead the relation between its socio-economic context and generic contrariness. By approaching this play as a formal engagement with the problem of the penal debt bond, I show how it functions as a conceptual exercise in competing notions of justice in exchange. In an economy marked by uncertainty in the meaning of money, the debt bond anchored value—but it did so at a price. The bond that bestowed bounty set in motion the wheels of retribution. This play's particular investment in the uneasy divide between distributive and rectificatory modes of justice cannot be fully understood until it is situated in a theatrical enterprise that revolved around debt. (A. B.)


Some evidence suggests that people with Alzheimer disease (AD) have diminished risk for cancer and that cancer survivors have diminished risk for AD.


This paper introduces the test investigation which used carbide slug instead of lime to treat acid water in Dexing copper mine.Make economical technical compare which use carbide slug instead of lime to treat acid water,and put this research result into practice.Save a lot of waste water treat cost,realize recycle economic theory of "use waste to treat waste",this kind of treat method can be used in similar mines.


This paper introduces a new approach for sigma-delta based analog to digital converter (SDADC) with enhanced performance suitable for digital voltage regulation. The new ADC increases the number of digital representations of the sampled signal per conversion cycle, for the same oversampling clock frequency. This advantage also translates to reduced power consumption for the same conversion rate since slower clock can be employed to obtain similar conversion rate. An all-digital, fully-synthesizable realization of the new architecture sets it as an attractive candidate for many digital application platforms, ranging from housekeeping and monitoring, and even as the primary ADC for the compensation loop. High accuracy and fast effective conversion rate have been verified through simulation and experiments, demonstrating wide range of sampled voltages with less than 1% error for wide operation range. An experimental closed-loop operation on a voltage-mode (VM) buck converter, with the digital voltage loop implemented on FPGA, demonstrates superior operation over a conventional SD operation. The digital controller core including the new SDADC have been also implemented as IC by an automated synthesis process and place- and route tools in a $0.18\boldsymbol{\mu}\mathbf{m}$ 5V CMOS process resulting in effective silicon area of 0.07mm2.


2 Abstract: Study was conducted to evaluate the chemical and sensory quality of indigenous milk-based product "Rabri". Samples were purchased from randomly selected Sweet/Dairy shops (25) situated at different areas at Hyderabad city and Latifabad. A total of 50 Rabri samples, two from each Sweet/Dairy shop were purchased and brought to the laboratory of Dairy Technology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam for achieving the objectives of present study. The concentration of different components of Rabri varied greatly sample to sample. The percentage of moisture content ranged between 24.33 and 38.85%, fat 16.23 and 22.55%, protein 9.94 and 12.01%, lactose/sucrose 27.08 and 43.72% and ash 2.09 and 2.84%. Overall mean values were observed as 31.76±0.96%, 19.42±0.33%, 10.74±0.10%, 35.82±0.99% and 2.43±0.03% for moisture, fat, protein, lactose/sucrose and ash, respectively. Energy values of Rabri varied between 315.59 and 400.15 Kcal/100g with an overall mean of 361.05±4.73 Kcal/100g. Sensory quality of Rabri was within the acceptable range. Score rated by panel of Judges averaged 3.21±0.08 from the score of 5 for appearance, 5.43±0.17 from 10 for aeroma, 18.87±0.28 from 30 for taste/flavour, 18.68±0.29 from 30 for body/texture, 5.49±0.15 from 10 for overall sweetness and 5.29±0.27 from 10 for overall acceptability.


The limited available spectrum of satellite and space communications result in new techniques to reuse the free spectrum. Cognitive Radio (CR) is one of the most promising techniques for such reusing processes. Spectrum sensing (SS) is the core process of cognitive radio which is used to sense the available temporary free bands, holes, of the sensed spectrum.
 Many technologies are proposed to achieve both narrow-band and wide-band spectrum sensing. Three paradigms of spectrum sensing applications such as the interweaving approach, the underlay approach and the overlay approach are explained. Many scenarios are proposed to utilize cognitive radio architecture at both standalone and cooperative approaches in satellite communications. The proposed scenario is based on cooperative Sub-Nyquist wideband sensing basis. Nano-computing process is highly required to achieve real-time communication for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio due to the intensive required computations. The Simulation of the proposed scenario showed that it efficiently saves frequency resources, overcomes spectrum underutilization problem, noise and interference problems with an accurate reconstruction.


The article presents sociological directions for managing a modern enterprise, justifying the relevance of applying artificial intelligence technologies in enterprise management, classifying artificial intelligence technologies and addressing the risks and problems associated with using artificial intelligence technologies. The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the trend towards digital transformation and the implementation of artificial intelligence in various areas of enterprise management, as well as the role of artificial intelligence technologies as a "driver" of business process modernization. Scientific research methods include the analysis and synthesis of information presented in studies by Russian and foreign scientists, as well as empirical data obtained as a result of implementing artificial intelligence technologies in an IT company. As a result of applied sociological research, the advantages and risks of using artificial intelligence technologies were discovered and explained, and problems related to its integration into enterprise management were identified. The theoretical significance of the work lies in the fact that theoretical and methodological foundations for the application of AI technologies have been proposed. Although there are many materials devoted to defining the significance of artificial intelligence technologies, there is still a lack of research covering the sociological aspect of forming a new "hybrid" social environment and culture and its impact on the development of human resources. The article highlights the sociological aspect of integrating artificial intelligence into business practices, analyzes various approaches to defining the role and significance of human intelligence and "non-human intellectual entities".


The enhancement of optical absorption of silicon thin-film solar cells by the p- and n-type μc-SiOx:H as doped and functional layers was presented. The effects of deposition conditions and oxygen content on optical, electrical, and structural properties of μc-SiOx:H films were also discussed. Regarding the doped μc-SiOx:H films, the wide optical band gap () of 2.33 eV while maintaining a high conductivity of 0.2 S/cm could be obtained with oxygen incorporation of 20 at.%. Compared to the conventional μc-Si:H(p) as window layer in μc-Si:H single-junction solar cells, the application of μc-SiOx:H(p) increased the and led to a significant enhancement in the short-wavelength spectral response. Meanwhile, the employment of μc-SiOx:H(n) instead of conventional ITO as back reflecting layer (BRL) enhanced the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of μc-Si:H single-junction cell in the long-wavelength region, leading to a relative efficiency gain of 10%. Compared to the reference cell, the optimized a-Si:H/μc-Si:H tandem cell by applying p- and n-type μc-SiOx:H films achieved a of 1.37 V, of 10.55 mA/cm2, FF of 73.67%, and efficiency of 10.51%, which was a relative enhancement of 16%.


Schizencephaly or split brain is an uncommon congenital disorder of cerebral cortical development, belonging to the group of cell migration defects. It is characterized by the presence of a cleft in the brain extending from the surface of the piamater to the cerebral ventricles. A 21-year-old primigravida at 19+2 weeks of gestation was referred to our Outpatient department with a level-2 ultrasound done at 18+2 weeks suggestive of schizencephaly. First trimester genetic screening was not done. Quadruple testing was normal. After genetic consultation and poor prognostication by neonatologist, decision for medical termination of pregnancy was taken. Patient underwent medical termination with mifepristone -misoprostol regimen. A female abortus weighing 200 gm was delivered. Gross examination showed only facial malformation in the form of cleft lip and hypoplastic nose. Infantogram did not reveal any skeletal deformity. On fetal autopsy, findings were consistent with the diagnosis of schizencephaly (type 1). Schizencephaly is a rare disorder in prenatal medicine with grave prognosis. Majority of cases are either diagnosed at late gestation or present in the first decade of life. Hence with periodic surveillance during antenatal care and help of ultrasonography, such rare and serious congenital malformations can be diagnosed and managed at an early stage.


In the era of targeted therapies, it remains a challenge to determine the optimal treatment for the individual cancer patient. By screening the tumor cells for drug sensitivity ex vivo it is possible to predict to which drugs and drug combinations the cancer will respond. We have developed an ex vivo culture protocol that mimics the chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) tumor microenvironment and allows cell proliferation. Using our unique method, we performed drug sensitivity screens on B cells from 22 CLL patients and 5 matched healthy donors. The drug library consisted of 70 single drugs and 39 drug combinations that are clinically relevant for treatment of CLL, including venetoclax (Bcl-2 antagonist), ibrutinib (Btk inhibitor) and idelalisib (PI3K inhibitor). B cells were cultured in 384-well plates in the presence of drugs covering a concentration range of 5 log10 increments. Drug sensitivity was assessed after three days using the CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay. The Drug Sensitivity Score (DSS) was then calculated for each treatment based on area under the concentration-response curve. We observed specificity towards CLL cells for drugs including TAK-659 (SYK inhibitor), TGR-1202 and duvelisib (PI3K inhibitors), trametinib (MEK1/2 inhibitor) and venetoclax. Ten combinations with venetoclax were investigated, and all showed high drug sensitivity and specificity towards CLL cells. When ranking the drug combinations from high to low DSS, CLL selectivity and obtained synergy, combinations of venetoclax with trametinib, ibrutinib or duvelisib showed the highest potency. Of interest, similar effects were not observed for venetoclax in combination with other Btk or PI3K inhibitors. In order to understand the mechanisms underlying these differences, signaling analyses by use of phospho flow is currently ongoing. In summary, by applying drug sensitivity screens, we have identified drugs and drug combinations that kill CLL cells. These findings should be investigated further in animal models and in precision medicine clinical trials.

 Tjønnfjord: Mundipharma: Research Funding.


Even for an era characterised by mass and instantaneous information, there is a veritable tsunami of information about blockchain and similar technologies. For boards, advisers and governance professionals it is challenging to know whether blockchain is a technology looking for an application or is really the information superhighway of the 21st century. It certainly would not seem prudent to ignore it, either in strategy setting or risk evaluation. For some businesses, blockchain could be a fundamental threat to profitability, market position or even the existence of the business itself. For others, it is a once-in-a-generation opportunity.


A b s t r a c t . In the High Valleys of Mexico maize is produced with varied yield and quality which sometimes do not meet the parameters established by maize flour milling and nixtamalization industry for making tortilla. Therefore, an evaluation of the yields and quality of the grain of maize hybrids (Zea mays L.) and their relationship with the environment was performed. During the spring-summer cycle 2012, the hybrids HP-1, H-52, H-68, HP-2, H-70, Buho, HP-3, H-57E, H-64, Prospecto-1, H-72 and H-66 were evaluated in Texoloc and Benito Juarez (2240 and 2530 masl), Tlaxcala, Mexico in a design of completely randomised blocks with three replications. Grain yield (GY), thousand grain weight (TGW), hectolitric weight (HW), width (WG), length (LG) and thickness (TG) of grains were measured. The results showed highly significant differences (p = 0.01) between locations, hybrids and the interaction locality x hybrids for physical parameters. Among the localities, Texoloc had 86.59% and 24.32% higher GY and TGW compared to Benito Juarez, respectively, while the HW was slightly lower (73.68 kg hL -1 ). Average yields of the hybrids were 7.7 t ha -1 ; HP-2, HP-3, H-57E and H-66 hybrids had yields of more than 8 t ha -1 and the lowest yield was noted for H-70. The hybrids had an average HW of 74.30 kg hL -1 ; HP-1, H-68, H-70, Buho, HP-3 and H-72 had values > 74 kg hL -1 , complying with the provisions of the quality standard NMX-FF034/1-SCFI


The mechanism of segmental exchange in the polymerization of L-lactide catalysed by tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate/alcohol system was studied as a model system. It was shown by analysis of MALDI-TOF spectra and modelling by Monte Carlo that the carbonyl group closest to the tin atom is at least 100 times more reactive than other carbonyl groups along the chain.


A vibrating U-Tube densimeter has been evaluated as a sensor for measuring the concentration of oil in the liquid line a refrigeration system. Calibration and performance tests were conducted under simulated liquid-line conditions for R-134a/PAG oil and R-407C/PAG oil mixtures in concentration 0 to 20 weight percent. Test temperatures ranged from 20 to 50℃. As a result of test we can present oil concentration and specific gravity co-relation equation. C = a + bt + c/t + dt² + (e + ft + g/t + ht²) × SG Using this equation we can predict oil concentration R-134a/PAG oil mixture within 8.4% and R-407C/PAG oil mixture within 10.2%.


The article reviews the book "The Shameful Peace: How French Artists and Intellectuals Survived the Nazi Occupation" by Frederic Spotts.


It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the 1st ACM Workshop on Multimedia Service Composition -- MSC'05 in conjunction with ACM Multimedia 2005. Being a Brave New Topic at ACM Multimedia 2004 Conference the topic of multimedia service composition has recently gotten considerable attention. Service-oriented architectures are currently heavily researched and promise to introduce a maximum of flexibility and reusability of components also into multimedia applications. Composition of basic services to implement even complex workflows is a concept strongly discussed and researched in the Web community today. Web services are expected to take over an essential part of everyday's responsibilities and their composition is necessary to extend their benefits to more and more complex tasks and personalized value chains. Besides the efficient provisioning and improved reusability of components, the move from data-driven to service-driven architectures promises to open up a whole new field of value adding applications dynamically built on top of basic components and flexibly adapted for different user.

Building on the broad interest that last year's brave new topic session evoked, this workshop aims at assisting the multimedia community on their move from monolithic multimedia applications towards more flexible solutions. Such solutions could be provided either between content providers and clients or even peer-to-peer over the network. However, most Web-based concepts and constructs today suffer from being generally invariant to data types including the new datatypes that are being heavily explored in the multimedia community. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to start exploring multimedia service composition problems as a specific topic, including components, meta-data descriptions and their mutual dependence within value-adding workflows. Raising awareness for the basic problems this workshop will help to pave the way towards a more service-oriented multimedia applications design. Bringing together researchers from the multimedia and the Web community and offering a platform for discussions in conjunction with the ACM Multimedia conference series will thus hopefully create synergies with mutual value.

Putting together MSC'05 was a team effort. First of all, we would like to thank the authors for providing the content of the program. We would like to express our gratitude to the program committee, who worked very hard and under a tight schedule in reviewing papers and providing suggestions for their improvements. Finally, we would like to thank our sponsor, ACM SIGMM, for their support of this workshop given that it is such a novel and challenging topic. We hope that you will find this program interesting and thought-provoking and that the workshop will provide a valuable platform to share ideas with other researchers and practitioners from institutions around the world.


Introduction: Gap junctional connexin proteins (connexin40 [Cx40], connexin43 [Cx43]) are a determinant of myocardial conduction and are implicated in the development of atrial fibrillation (AF). We hypothesized that atrial activation pattern during AF is related to connexin expression and that this relationship is altered by AF‐induced remodeling in the fibrillating atria of chronic AF.


To assess the clinical utility of prenatal chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) in fetuses with abnormal renal sonographic findings, and to evaluate the association of pathogenic or likely pathogenic copy number variants (P/LP CNVs) with different types of renal abnormality.


The utility model relates to a modular multi-connected unit. An outdoor machine module comprises an oil reservoir oil equalization pipe; a first oil equalization valve and an oil equalization one-way valve are in series connection and arranged on the oil reservoir oil equalization pipe; the first oil equalization valve is connected with an oil reservoir; the oil equalization one-way valve is communicated with oil reservoir oil equalization pipes of other outdoor machine modules; each outdoor machine module positioned at a cut-off end of the oil equalization one-way valve is further provided with a second oil equalization valve and an oil equalization capillary pipe; one end of the second oil equalization valve and one end of the oil equalization capillary pipe are in parallel connection with the oil reservoir oil equalization pipe; the second oil equalization valve and the oil equalization capillary pipe are in series connection; and the other end of the oil equalization capillary pipe is connected to a low-pressure air suction side of each compressor of the module. The modular multi-connected unit can realize sharing refrigerating machine oil of each module in any state, and completely sharing the refrigerating machine oil of the modular multi-connected air-conditioning unit and secondary effective distribution ensure reliable running of the unit.


Wet mixer apparatus having a vertical mixing chamber to form a wet slurry of the cement slurry and the water, its use. Vertical mixing chamber, into the mixing residence time to allow proper slurry supply to ensure continuous operation of the associated cement panel production lines, it is thoroughly mixed, required to provide a uniform thin slurry It is designed to provide a mix of. Gravity feed for the powder and water to supply the cement powder and water separately into the slurry mixing region of the chamber without premixing also disclosed. .FIELD 4


• As the main parties held on to power, the election result will not lead to any policy change on either domestic or European matters. Even though the Centre Party is more in favour of intergovernmentalism than the two 'rainbow coalition' governments led by the SDP and Prime Minister Paavo Lipponen, the bargaining involved in forming coalition governments and the pro-integrationist line of the Centre leaders ensures that the overall line of Finnish European policy will not be altered. R II A /O E R N E L E C T IO N


Efforts to understand the trajectory of cannonballs are an interesting example of the tensions between practical and theoretical knowledge. Although Galileo's 1638 parabolic trajectory was an important theoretical step forward, field gunnery practice was guided by Tartaglia's 1537 'mixed motion' model until the eighteenth century. In 1742, Benjamin Robins published New principles of gunnery, and revolutionized the study of ballistics by suggesting the projectile's initial velocity—not its range—was the appropriate parameter to consider in accounting for air resistance. In 1745, Leonard Euler produced a German translation of New principles, adding his own extensive commentary. Euler's annotated translation quickly became a standard text—Napoléon Bonaparte studied ballistics from the French version—thereby influencing the education of artillery officers and, eventually, of all engineers. This paper surveys the contributions of Robins and Euler to mathematical ballistics theory, examines the influence of these developments on the education of eighteenth-century military engineers, and considers the extent to which the history of ballistics theory supports the thesis that the drive to reconcile practical knowledge with theoretical knowledge can be a critical element in shaping mathematical theory. We close with comments concerning the use of this history in today's classroom.


Potential use of thermonuclear (i.e., fusion product) driven kinetic instabilities to heat the background plasma has long been recognized. Considerable research on velocity space micro-instabilities exists. Most work to date has focused upon the basic physics criteria for and characteristics of particular micro-instabilities. Kinetic instabilities resulting in spatial transport of fusion products have also received some attention, but the effects on reactor concepts and performance remain uncertain. We have developed an engineering model which scopes the effect of a velocity space relaxation of fast alphas on a quasi-linear time scale. This model includes the additional heating to background plasma ions under the assumptions of: ion damping of the plasma wave; heating to background plasma results predominantly from fusion products; and periodic hiccups of the instability.


This bachelor's dissertation is concentrated on the finding out of the care about the children learning disorders in the family background and about the communication and interaction with them. The theoretical part of the bachelor dissertation does descript the features of specific learning disorders, the reveal kinds of disorders, the re-education of learning disorders, the application of the re-education aids, used remedy, improvement methods, the main education and formative principles and the communication and interaction specific features with the children in the family background. The practical part of dissertation is being focused on the care investigation about the children, on the cooperation of parents with the class teacher, with the school and professional institutions, which are to be concentrated on the remedy carrying out. Furthermore are being described the parents opinions on the participation of children in the dyslectic classroom, on the well informed status of parents about the dyslectic aids, which are being considered as the very important integral part within the remedy procedure in this practical part of dissertation. The results of bachelor dissertation are bringing the satisfactory results on the field of the children care with the specific learning disorders.


Reliable external cost must be estimated to achieve the optimal market share between transportation modes. In this paper, we determined the market share between railroad and road on the cost minimization base. The results show that optimal market share is achieved by increasing investment on railroad.


Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) with t(11;17)/PLZF‐RARα responds poorly to all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (As2O3), in contrast to APL with t(15;17)/PML‐RARα. Molecular studies have shown that histone deacetylase (HDAC) recruited by PLZF‐RARα is associated with the ATRA resistance. Here, we analysed in vitro the differentiation of APL cells with t(11;17) using ATRA, As203, granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF), HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA), or combinations of these. Although 1 μm ATRA, which stimulated the differentiation of APL cells with t(15;17), was insufficient to induce differentiation, 3 μm ATRA induced terminal differentiation into granulocytes. As203 alone or in combination with ATRA induced neither differentiation nor apoptosis. However, the combination of TSA and 1 μm ATRA had a potent differentiating effect, although TSA alone had little effect. The combination of 1 μm ATRA and G‐CSF did not induce differentiation. These results indicate that APL cells with t(11;17) need a higher concentration of ATRA than those with t(15;17) to differentiate and suggest that HDAC inhibitor is a promising differentiation enhancer in APL with t(11;17).


The logistics of platelet concentrates (PCs) is difficult because their storage time is only 5 days owing to the possibility of bacterial contamination. One way of reducing the possibility of transfusing contaminated products is the application of methods to detect bacterial contamination, thus allowing a longer storage-time of PCs. Recently, an overview of the various methods (Table 1) and their application in different countries (Table 2) was summarized by C. P. McDonald at the European Blood Alliance meeting in Dublin, Ireland (March 2003). As a reliable method to detect bacterial contamination would be of both clinical and practical importance, we endeavoured to obtain information on the 'state of the art' in this field [reviewed in ref. 1]. To obtain the desired information, the following questions were sent to experts in the field: Question 1: Do you use a method to detect bacterial contamination in PCs? If so: (a) Which method? (b) Could you explain your choice of method? (c) At what time after collection and production, respectively, is the test carried out? (d) How is the sample obtained and what is the volume of the test sample? (e) How much time does the test take? (f ) What is the sensitivity of the test in your laboratory? (g) Are there false positive or false negative results? Question 2: In case of a culture method: (a) Is the PC quarantined for a certain period of time to improve the sensitivity of the culture system, or is the PC issued a few hours after start of the culture (i.e. 'negative date')? (b) What is the time to detection and for how long are 'negative' units followed up? (c) Should the result be negative at the time of issue to the hospital? (d) Do you inform hospitals that have an inventory of PCs in case the result became positive later on? (e) Do you have a procedure for the other blood components from the same donations in case the PC is positive? (f ) Do you or the hospital have a procedure in case a PC has been found positive after transfusion? Question 3: Are experimental test systems for detection of bacteria evaluated in your laboratory? If so, could you give answers to the relevant questions above? Question 4: Does testing for bacterial contamination allow the storage time of PCs to be extended? If yes, for how long? Table 1 Available systems and systems in development (see the footnote) for bacterial screening of blood components


We present new FLAMES+GIRAFFE spectroscopy of 36 member stars in the isolated Local Group dwarf spheroidal galaxy Tucana. We measure a systemic velocity for the system of vTuc=216.7+2.9−2.8vTuc=216.7−2.8+2.9 km s−1, and a velocity dispersion of σv,Tuc=14.4+2.8−2.3σv,Tuc=14.4−2.3+2.8 km s−1. We also detect a rotation gradient of dvrdχ=7.6+4.2−4.3dvrdχ=7.6−4.3+4.2 km s−1 kpc−1, which reduces the systemic velocity to vTuc=215.2+2.8−2.7vTuc=215.2−2.7+2.8 km s−1 and the velocity dispersion to σv,Tuc=13.3+2.7−2.3σv,Tuc=13.3−2.3+2.7 km s−1. We perform Jeans modelling of the density profile of Tucana, using the line-of-sight velocities of the member stars. We find that it favours a high central density consistent with 'pristine' subhaloes in Λ cold dark matter, and a massive dark matter halo (∼1010 M⊙) consistent with expectations from abundance matching. Tucana appears to be significantly more centrally dense than other isolated Local Group dwarfs, making it an ideal laboratory for testing dark matter models.


Journal of African Historical Studies "excellent contributions to slavery and emancipation studies. They provide new information and suggest new thematic approaches and conceptual perspective.


The modification of nouns is a problematic area in contrasting English and Spanish. The different typologies to which these two languages belong determine essential differences, such as the unmarked position of adjectives, before nouns in English and after nouns in Spanish. The aim of this study is to set up a list of the most common characterizing resources for nouns in both languages, and establish their different distribution, so that trends in usage can be detected. A number of concordances of three word pairs have been selected from two large monolingual corpora, Cobuild and CREA (Corpus de Referencia del Espanol Actual). The data have been analysed to describe the type of modifiers that occur in both languages. This contrastive analysis provides useful data in areas such as translation, foreign language learning and teaching, or descriptive linguistics. The translation process between English and Spanish is the main focus of this paper.


In contrast to the case of words in context free tree grammars projection rules cannot always be eliminated completely In this paper we partly overcome this de ciency by approximating projection freeness up to a given degree It is shown that for any given nite set of positions we can transform a context free tree grammar to an equivalent grammar where derivations using projections at these positions are impossible As an immediate consequence we get a new direct proof for the decidability of the membership problem for context free tree languages


It is suggested to develop a decision support system that will optimize the process of medical device procurement. The system will be able to select an optimal model of a medical device according to the needs of a hospital and the announced price. Information models of medical devices have been developed in order to create such a system. Pareto principle and multi-objective optimization are used.


The growing demand for a clean, profitable and viable energy source in order to replace the ones based in fossil fuels led the Mankind to create big wind farms all over the world. That development and the increase in air traffic introduced a very new problem into radio navigation aid devices' operation. This happened because, along airplane's appearing, arises the necessity to control, manage and rule all air traffic. In the beginning, that control and management worked from the ground using colorful flags but, in 1930, appears a new system able to assist the airplane pilot in his navigation (VOR"Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Range") and, later on, during the World War II arises the RADAR ("Radio Detection And Ranging"). The present work addresses the problematic introduced by the interference of the wind farms on the aerial radio aids devices' operation, referring the main limitations, namely the near field effects, diffraction, scattering and shadow effect. The received power due to the interference and the VOR/DME and RADAR systems' limitations are analyzed, as well as the perturbation that these effects introduce on signal processing. Finally, guidelines are proposed, based on calculations and simulations about the distances between wind farms and air radio aids' stations to avoid interference..


Purpose – To demonstrate the successful use of lifestage segmentation and survival analysis to identify cross‐selling opportunities.Design/methodology/approach – The study applies lifestyle analysis and Cox's regression analysis model to behavioural and demographic data describing 10,979 UK customers of a large international insurance company.Findings – There are clear differences between the lifestage segments identified with respect to customer characteristics affecting the likelihood of a second purchase from the company and the timeframes within which that is likely to take place. The "mature" segments appear to offer greater opportunities for retention and cross‐selling than the "younger" segments.Research limitations/implications – The study was limited by the type of data available for analysis, which related mainly to life insurance and pension products characterised by low transaction frequency. Different results might be expected for banking or credit‐and‐loan products. The findings could be enh...


It is fascinating to read these two fertile Conference Reports singly, but behavioural scientists will find it even more instructive to consider them together. They were developed by the Foundation in a distinguished series under the leadership of Dr. Frank Fremont-Smith. The sessions took place, respectively, in 1958 and 1956. Approximately two dozen outstanding scientists were convened for each set of meetings so that one refers to brilliant commentaries, ably edited, of almost fifty leaders in behavioural sciences: administrators, researchers in every relevant field, and representatives of action programmes and ancillary disciplines. Of course, such documents will have future historical value. For today, they are stimuli to any number of research efforts. Considered together, one is intrigued by the markedly different directions of research, although each report proclaims a common interest in at least two highly important respects. The areas of common interest are: (1) the emphasis throughout upon environmental effects traceable in behaviour, whether recorded in somatic variations or in gross behaviour; (2) while subject-matter areas vary from basic sciences applied to experiments in neurophysiology, conditioning, brain stimulation and electroencephalography on to mental health as responsive to milieu, both groups have become fundamentally interested in the problems peculiar to clinical and social psychiatry.


Currently project construction of China Mobile TD- LTE network indoor distribution system is critical to user perception of the high- speed data services.In the acceptance project of China Mobile indoor distribution system of C City,this paper explores the reasonable mono- station validation regulations and puts forward the feasible critical procedures for the acceptance check and test of the system According to the different indoor scenes and multi- antenna MIMO mode used in the existing 4G network,the paper proposes the solution to acceptance check of the 4G network indoor distribution system


Spring-mass systems are widely used in computer animation to model soft objects. Although the systems can be numerically solved either by explicit methods or implicit methods, it has been difficult to obtain stable results from explicit methods. This paper describes detailed discussion on stabilizing explicit methods in spring-mass simulation. The simulation procedures are modeled as a linear digital system, and system stability is mathematically defined. This allows us to develop theories of simulation stability. The application of these theories to explicit methods allows them to become as stable as implicit methods. Furthermore, a faster explicit method is proposed. Experiments confirm the theories and demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed methods.


Shareholder value creation has emerged as a well-known, much talked about and emphasized notion in the corporate world in the recent years. This book goes beyond shareholders and emphasizes the need for a well charted corporate strategy for value creation for the whole business. As per the author, the starting point for this is customer strategy. He notes in the second chapter.


This research aims to extract water bodies from several types of satellite images by using machine learning. There are several methods to apply the extraction of information about water bodies such as unsupervised classification, supervised classification. This project applied the supervised classification method to extract water bodies and building geodatabase for the water bodies in Salah Adin, Iraq by applying remote sensing and GIS technique. The satellite images which have been used in this research include satellite images from RapideEye satellite with spatial resolution (5×5) m at 2011, where these images used to extract canals of water, also used images from Sentinel-2 satellite with spatial resolution (10 × 10) m at 2017 to extract lakes, and broad rivers. In addition, DEM raster (90) m at 2011 from ASTER satellite was used to extract the water streams, which are expected to be channels of water discharge in flood situations. During implementation of the methodology of the research the most important issue which appear is using multi data to extract all types of water bodies in study area also to avoid the pixel mixed problem, this case was evident when using RapidEye satellite images in the confluence of the river in the surrounding wetlands, which led to inaccurate results in the geometric dimensions of the river, although the high spatial resolution but the influenced element on the accuracy of results is radiometric resolution. The result shows the random forest of machine learning algorithm is overcome on the other algorithms such as decision tree machine learning, maximum likelihood and support vector machine. The high accuracy of image classification to extract the water bodies depend on integrating the three satellite images.


Biogas obtained from agricultural waste is becoming increasingly important as a renewable resource. Biogas can be obtained by biological and thermochemical methods. The first is the decomposition of organic substances without air access due to the fermentation process, which takes place at a temperature of 30-40 degrees Celsius for «clean» waste (for example, microbiological industry) or 55-60 degrees Celsius for animal waste and urban wastewater. As a result of decomposition, biogas and a number of valuable components (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium oxide) are formed, from which a highly effective organo-biofertilizer is prepared. (Research purpose) The research purpose is increasing the uniformity of the temperature field over the volume of the bioreactor to intensify the thermophilic process of anaerobic processing, increasing the yield of biogas and improvement of the quality of the biofertilizer. (Materials and methods) For the purpose of laboratory experiments, droppings from the poultry house of the peasant farm "Khemzet" of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic were used with the analysis performed in the laboratory of the agrochemical service "Kabardino-Balkarian". The total daily heat consumption and the capacity of the heat exchanger-agitator were determined using mathematical modeling and the laws of thermodynamics. (Results and discussion) The contents of the methane tank were heated by a heat exchanger using a coolant, and mixing was carried out using a mechanical stirrer combined into one heat exchanger–stirrer unit powered by an electric motor. It was shown that during the thermophilic process, more intensive and deeper fermentation of precipitation occurs, which contributes to a decrease in the volume of the methane tank, more effective destruction of helminths and weed seeds. It was found that during thermophilic fermentation, a greater amount of heat is needed to heat the sediment in the methane tank, 12-15 days are enough to disinfect the mass. (Conclusions) It was found that the optimal values of the temperature of the substrate processing process are 56.6 degrees Celsius; the mixing time is 17 minutes, the number of revolutions of the heat exchanger-agitator is 7.5 revolutions per minute. Chemical analysis of the obtained organo-biofertilizers was carried out.


Luosiling Grand Bridge over Liujiang River is located in Liujiang County. It is a grand bridge over Liujiang River on Luorong to Luoman Expressway. The article mainly introduces cradle casting method adopted for this bridge.


Objective To investigate the risk factors for leukoaraiosis.Methods 204 cases of inpatients were registered.The severity of leukoaraiosis was as the dependent variable,the possible risk factors were as independent variables,unconditional logistic regression was analyzed with SAS 9.2 software,significant level α=0.10.Results 5 factors,that were carotid stenosis,age,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein A,were included,in which the former 4 were risk factors(OR1,P0.05),the latter was protection factor(OR=0.715,P=0.0993).Conclusion The vascular risk factors contribute to formation of leukoaraiosis,and carotid stenosis relate to leukoaraiosis.


The Archimedean tilings (Figure 1) and polyhedra will be familiar to many readers. They have the property that the tiles of the tiling, or the faces of the polyhedron, are regular polygons, and that the vertices form a single orbit under the symmetries of the tiling or polyhedron. (Grünbaum and Shephard [1] use Archimedean, in relation to tilings, to refer to the sequence of polygons at each vertex being the same, and uniform to refer to the vertices forming a single orbit. These describe the same set of tilings, but the sets of k-uniform tilings (those with k orbits of vertices) and k-Archimedean tilings (those with k different types of vertices) differ for k > 1. I do not make this distinction in this article, but use the term uniform to avoid ambiguity. In relation to polyhedra, the distinction made between these terms is different.) The Archimedean polyhedra were attributed to Archimedes by Pappus [3, 4], although the work of Archimedes on them has not survived; the tilings may have been named by analogy. The first surviving systematic account of either the tilings or the polyhedra seems to be that of Kepler [5, 6]. The literature on the 2-uniform and 3-uniform tilings is discussed by Grünbaum and Shephard [1]; the k-uniform tilings for k ≤ 6 are presented by Galebach [15]. Given these tilings and polyhedra, for centuries people have generalised in different ways (for example, through changing the definitions of tilings and polyhedra, through changing the permissible tiles and faces, or through considering analogous concepts in higher dimensions). Some of these generalisations have yielded more aesthetically pleasing results than others. One form of generalisation, considered by Kepler, is allowing star polygons. Two different types of regular star polygons may be considered. One, the modern version, treats a star n-gon as a polygon with n edges, which intersect each other; only the n endpoints of those edges are considered as corners of the polygon, and not the points of intersection of the sides. The notion of 'tilings' with such polygons is not very clear, but it has been considered thoroughly [7]; many of these tilings are not especially aesthetically pleasing because of the density of the crossing lines that make up the edges of the polygons, and a single drawing can represent multiple distinct tilings. When polyhedra with such polygons as faces are considered, the set of uniform polyhedra [8, 9, 10, 11, 12] appears; these are rather more attractive; some readers may have seen the author's models of some of these polyhedra on the Archimedeans' Societies Fair stand in 2002. Kepler considered regular polyhedra with this notion, finding the small and great stellated dodecahedra but not the great dodecahedron or great icosahedron which were later found by Poinsot [13]. The other type of regular star n-gon (guided more by aesthetics than by mathematical generalisation) is a nonconvex 2n-gon with equal sides and alternating angles; n points of angle α (with 0 < α < (n − 2)π/n) and n dents of angle 2(n − 1)π/n − α; we denote this polygon nα. When considering tilings, Kepler used this notion; he drew various patches of tilings using such polygons, and mentioned various such tilings found in the course of enumerating the uniform tilings with regular convex polygons. However, he never made it clear exactly which polygons and tilings were allowed. This type of regular star polygon yields more attractive tilings than the modern more mathematical type of star polygon (which yields tilings rather too densely cluttered with lines). It would be natural mathematically to consider


Background: Mammalian RNA polymerase II-associated protein 3 (RPAP3) recruits heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) to assemble cellular machineries such as RNA polymerases. Results: Spaghetti encodes the Drosophila homolog of RPAP3. Spaghetti is essential for development. Spag protein binds and stimulates Hsp90 and Hsp70. Conclusion: RPAP3 function is conserved among metazoans. Significance: Our data suggest that Hsp70 assists RPAP3 in complex assembly. The R2TP is a recently identified Hsp90 co-chaperone, composed of four proteins as follows: Pih1D1, RPAP3, and the AAA+-ATPases RUVBL1 and RUVBL2. In mammals, the R2TP is involved in the biogenesis of cellular machineries such as RNA polymerases, small nucleolar ribonucleoparticles and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinases. Here, we characterize the spaghetti (spag) gene of Drosophila, the homolog of human RPAP3. This gene plays an essential function during Drosophila development. We show that Spag protein binds Drosophila orthologs of R2TP components and Hsp90, like its yeast counterpart. Unexpectedly, Spag also interacts and stimulates the chaperone activity of Hsp70. Using null mutants and flies with inducible RNAi, we show that spaghetti is necessary for the stabilization of snoRNP core proteins and target of rapamycin activity and likely the assembly of RNA polymerase II. This work highlights the strong conservation of both the HSP90/R2TP system and its clients and further shows that Spag, unlike Saccharomyces cerevisiae Tah1, performs essential functions in metazoans. Interaction of Spag with both Hsp70 and Hsp90 suggests a model whereby R2TP would accompany clients from Hsp70 to Hsp90 to facilitate their assembly into macromolecular complexes.


Refusing to pay the national minimum wage is a criminal offence. Barbara Richardson explains the legal rights and uses case studies to highlight problems that can arise.


This paper presents a systematic study to test the applicability of alkaline-surfactant-polymer (ASP) processes as an enhanced oil recovery method to Saudi Arabian carbonate reservoirs, with the objective of designing a cost-effective ASP slug. To achieve this objective, several alkalis were first screened to test their compatibility with the injected sea water that has large quantities of divalent ions. Then surfactant-polymer, alkalis-surfactant, and alkalis-surfactant-polymer interactions at the reservoir temperature (90°C) were investigated. Static and dynamic adsorption of surfactant on reservoir carbonate rocks were also investigated at the same temperature. IFT measurements were also made between the slugs formulated and crude oil from the same reservoir. And finally core flooding tests were carried out using Arab-D carbonate core samples to test the effectiveness of the formulated slugs. Two surfactants were used, Triton X-102 and Ethoxylated sulfonate (Dodi-flood B1083), and the polymer used was FLOCON 4800C. The results of the compatibility tests showed that the ASP slug has to be prepared using a softened brine and be protected by pre- and after-flush softening brine slugs. B1083 surfactant was found to be a promising candidate surfactant for the conditions of the Saudi Arabian carbonate reservoir. A combination of NaHCO 3 and Na 2 CO 3 was found to significantly reduce the adsorption level of B1083 surfactant on carbonate rock at low surfactant concentrations (<1% by wt.). This is very desirable for formulation of a cost-effective ASP slug. Finally, the results of core flooding tests under reservoir conditions using the formulated ASP slugs on Arab-D carbonate core samples showed a promising additional oil recovery.


Deep-sea hydraulic manipulator is an essential operation equipment for scientific investigation and resource exploitation. To improve the efficiency of hydraulic power source for manipulator in the presence of load variations, a pressure control variable displacement pump (PCVDP) is used to respond quickly to dynamic demands of multiple loads. Considering the variations of seawater properties at different ocean depths, especially high hydrostatic pressure in deep-sea environment will make the kinematic viscosity of oil obviously increased, which has a significant influence on the performance of PCVDP, the mathematical model is established and related simulations are conducted to analyze the different viscosities against varying depths affecting the dynamic characteristics and performance of PCVDP. The experiment results based on a hydraulic manipulator platform validate the simulation model accuracy, which makes it instructive to deep-sea manipulator design and system parameter matching at any ocean depth.


We have calculated the in-plane conductance of a barrier with the Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction, which is sandwiched between two spin-polarized materials aligned arbitrarily. Besides a transmitted in-plane current which arises on the drain side as pointed out in Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 056601 (2004), a reflected in-plane current always appears simultaneously on the source side near the interface of the barrier. The spin polarization of the source affects the transmitted current more than the reflected one, and conversely the spin polarization of the drain affects the reflected current more. The relationship between transmitted current and the reflected one has been studied.


In this article we investigate how the Archigram Group used computer logics and concepts as inspiration for architectural projects without ever actually using computers. By developing principles as varied and as pop as expendable architecture, customization, individualism, consumerism and mutation, the architects managed to work with concepts like software architecture, space of flux and dematerialization. When compared to the writings of contemporary theorists and designers of computer-mediated architecture, we see that the Archigram Group has been able to forecast much of the current concerns of the architecture that deal with digital and virtual spaces. Without literally digitalizing their projects or spaces, they have been able to achieve information-based architectural design. [Full paper in Portuguese]


The invention belongs to medical treatment, food instruments technical field, more particularly to a kind of filling and stopper-adding device, including inhaling plug assembly and transmission component, the transmission component includes transfer motion power axle, the transfer motion power axis connection has upper chamber, upper chamber is connected with thumb wheel of jumping a queue, it is provided with the upper chamber and inhales vacuum hole, the vacuum hole of inhaling is connected with the gas-tpe fitting of suction plug assembly, the lower section of the upper chamber is provided with lower chamber, it is provided with the lower chamber and inhales vacuum tank and vacuum breaker hole, the lower chamber is connected with lifter cam, the suction plug assembly can move in the track of lifter cam.The present invention has the advantages of reducing broken bottle, success rate of jumping a queue is high.


The invention of the transistor almost 50 years ago was one of the most important technical developments of this century. It has had profound impact on the way we live and the way we work. The first part of this paper covers the events that led to the discovery of the transistor effect and the invention of the point contact transistor in December of 1947. It continues with the development of the theory of the junction transistor in early 1948 and the fabrication of the first grown junction transistor in 1950. It is fair to say that this event completed the invention of the transistor and developed a fundamental understanding of how it worked. The second part of the paper describes the major hurdles that had to be overcome and the major breakthroughs that had to be made to turn an exciting invention into a far reaching technical innovation. This phase took approximately another 10 years. By that time, high performance, high reliability transistors could be manufactured in large quantity and at low cost. Importantly the foundation had been laid for the invention of the integrated circuit and the dramatic development of the microelectronics industry. The final part of the paper suggests some of the reasons why such an important technological innovation could occur in a relatively short period of time and be such an unqualified success. Finally, there are some comments on how much further this technology can go and when its rapid progress may come to an end.


The goal of the study was to evaluate the character of development and degree of manifestation of the compensatory adaptive reactions in mature placentas of pregnant women with urogenital mycoplasma contamination of the lower genital tract. Morphological study was performed using 72 human placentas obtained after physiological labor (38-40 week gestation) of women with confirmed infections of genital tract with U. urealyticum (n=20), M. hominis (n=20), or without infection (n=32). Typical compensatory processes in the placentas were detected in all examined groups with the most significant manifestation in the group of mycoplasma contamination.


This article explores how the Chinese government managed the 2009 Xinjiang riot through communications. To reconcile Western crisis communication concepts with the Chinese case, this study examines the government communications via news conferences during the riot. It finds that government communication functions only at operational and tactical levels but fails to play a strategic role in crisis management. This is so partly because government public relations have not yet been fully institutionalized. It also notes the differences between the government's handling of a political crisis (the Xinjiang riot) and of a natural disaster (the Sichuan earthquake).


Nowadays,improving productivity is crucial to China's industrial transformation and upgrading,and the sustainable growth of China's economy as well.According to the statistics,the average RD expenditure grew up to 23.8 percent over 2006~2010,comparing to 18.5 percent for the period 2000~2005.In 2010,China became the third largest RD expenditure country in the world.Moreover,China possesses the largest amount of RD personnel in the world in 2010.Nevertheless,many researchers argue that China's TFP growth rate declined rather than accelerated since the middle of 1990s.An important and interesting question is why the substantial growth of RD investment failed to promote the improvement in the TFP growth,as the policy maker had expected? To fully explain this paradox,we should answer the following two important empirical questions: what are determinants of TFP growth? And,what is the mechanism of these factors affect TFP? This current paper tries to explore the paradox between TFP deceleration in growth rate and the accelerated RD inputs based on the data of China's large and medium-sized industrial enterprises during 2000~2010.Basically,we try to extend the related researches in three directions.Firstly,we distinguish RD spillovers from downstream and upstream sectors based on China's Input-Output Table.Secondly,we consider the interaction between human capital,RD and RD spillovers.Thirdly,we also use a two-step system GMM estimation adjusted by finite sample correction to enhance the empirical results. The main findings are as follows:(1) on the industry level,RD inputs was negatively correlated with TFP,demonstrates that "RD acceleration and TFP deceleration" in Chinese industry is significant;(2) industrial TFP,technical progress and technical efficiency all have strong self-reinforcement effects,and the self-reinforcement effect of technical efficiency is the main reason of the self-reinforced TFP.This result also to a certain extent explained the long-standing TFP differences between industries;(3) human capital plays an important role as "assimilation device" for RD and RD spillovers both in promoting TFP growth and increasing technical efficiency;(4) although FDI and exports help to upgrade the overall industry technology level,but at the same time also enlarge technology gap between firms,which results in deterioration of technology efficiency. Based on the empirical findings,we argue that the causes to the paradox of "RD acceleration and TFP deceleration" in Chinese industry as follows.(1) Misallocation of RD resources.Firstly,the bulk of RD resources were spent on developing or purchasing new technology,but little on absorbing those existing technologies.Secondly,too much RD flew into final products sectors,leaving little for the up-stream sectors that producing intermeddle inputs.(2) Human capital did not work effectively.Firstly,Human capital did not match the demand of industry well;the distribution of human capital is far from reasonable.Secondly,the quality of human capital is not good enough to promote RD efficiency.For example,the share of personnel engaged in RD activities in total RD staffs is 47.4% in 2010 in China,less than that of more than 60% in most developed countries.(3) The strategy of promoting export and FDI.Large proportion of SOEs contributed less to the improvement in TFP growth,and which were detrimental technical efficiency improvement in particular. Grounded on the empirical study,we suggest that(1) increase the RD resource that for the upstream industries,in order to strengthen the forward spillover;(2) ameliorate the RD personnel structure by channeling more RD staff into the fundamental sector;(3) deepen the reform of SOEs and set the market mechanism in a more prominent position of allocating resources;(4) revisit the policy toward foreign capital,and maintain the fair playfield for local and foreign firms.


The article presents a variant of working with a system of technical vision, which recognizes cylindrical objects. This vision system based on artificial intelligence, which allows you to determine the circles in the image. The coordinates of the value of the circle are necessary for the exact positioning of the robot manipulator. The calculation of the gradient and threshold separation determine the gaps in the intensity of the image of the object. These methods define pixels lying on the border between the object and the background. The further process consists in connection of the segments of a contour separated by small intervals, and in association of separate short segments. Thus, contour detection algorithms accompanies by procedures for constructing object boundaries from the corresponding pixel sequences. The resulting image has sufficient information for artificial intelligence analysis to detect the circle. The software is developed and experimentally tested in operation. The operation of the technical vision system experimentally tested in the work, namely the capture of a cylindrical object. Work vision systems has been experimentally proven to work and is passionate cylindrical object. The coordinates of the value of the circle, which are necessary for the exact location of the robot manipulator were determined by artificial intelligence in 41 milliseconds. The obtained coordinates were transmitted to the microprocessor to adjust the position of the manipulator. The robot accurately captured a cylindrical object.


This study is a preliminary examination of the reliability of frequent retrospective teacher behavior ratings. Frequent retrospective behavior ratings are an approach for creating scales that can be used to monitor individual behavioral progress. In this study, the approach is used to progress monitor behavioral individualized education plan goals for 7 students with, or at risk of, emotional and behavioral disorders. Reliability was examined for both quantitative-based and qualitative judgment-based retrospective teacher behavior ratings. Quantitative-based behavior ratings focused primarily on frequency and duration scales, whereas qualitative-based behavior ratings focused on topography and intensity scales. Findings indicated that reliability can be adequately achieved, although there is variability depending on the type of scale. Implications are discussed as they relate to progress monitoring individual behavioral goals and examining responsiveness to intervention.


Background: The main task of the tutor in problem-based learning (PBL) is to facilitate group discussion through increasing their skills and monitoring their progress. Several studies had investigated PBL aspects, but few have explored the tutors knowledge and attitude towards the program. Methods: All tutors (n=22) involved in the newly adapted 'Integrated Learning curriculum' in Kerbala Medical college during the academic year 2014-2015 voluntarily answered a questionnaire published in 'ABC of PBL in medicine' periodical covering tutors, students and session characteristics. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test was used for analysis. P 90%) answered the study questionnaire positively which indicates a great satisfaction and positive evaluation; however, the main mentioned shortcoming was related to insufficient training and short experience with PBL. Keywords: PROBLEM BASED LEARNING, TUTORS, INTEGRATED CURRICULUM, MEDICAL STUDENTS, LEARNING


A concise introductory text, Te Deum provides a basic framework for understanding within history the development of the vast treasury of psalms, hymns, canticles, spiritual songs, and other sacred music within the Christian tradition. This is the first text which addresses the nature of church music from both a historical and theological context.


Two species of moths are known to kill shoots of larch (Larix) by mining them: Argyresthia laricella Kearfott in Canada and A. laevigatella Herrick-Schäffer in Europe. The biology and economic status of these insects are compared by Eidt and Sippell (1961). Opinions differ as to whether the Argyresthia on larch in Europe are one, two, or three species (Edwards, 1911; Grosvenor, 1911; Adkin, 1918). Beirne (1942) believes that only one species is involved but Kratochvil (1943), who did not know of Beirne's work, recognized two species. A. atmoriella Bankes in England and Silesia; A. laevigatella in central Europe. I have referred to all European material as A. laevigatella.