Recognition of a cell group in the central nervous system, distinct from neuron, neuroglia, and connective tissue, is an event of importance. Because of the nature of its well defined function, the activity of microglia is of particular importance in pathological conditions. Some of the stages in the activity of these cells in such conditions have long been recognized and bear familiar names: "Nissl's Stabchenzellen," "ameboid wandering cells," "Gitterzellen," "granulo-adipose cells," "scavenger cells," etc. There is a large group of cells, without previously recognized expansions, which are scattered everywhere throughout the central nervous system, and which have been called "apolar," "indifferent" or "adentritic cells," "naked nuclei" or "satellite cells," and "third element of Cajal". Del Rio-Hortega has demonstrated that these "naked nuclei " are in reality possessed of complicated cytoplasmic prolongations and further, that we are dealing not with one class of cells but with two distinctly different groups.22 One group, mesoglia of Robertson,25 is considered by Rio-Hortega to be of ectodermal origin. He therefore prefers the name "neuroglia of few expansions" or "oligodendrogl"y 17, 18t The second suivion, des d by Rio-Hortega, has been called by him microglia.19'20


Parallel and distributed computing has been entered into the era of cloud computing which provides highly scalable computational power and remote location data storage with secure, fast and in cost effective way. So it has captured the attention of big IT giants for availing flexible, readily elastic and cost effective economical IT operations. Cloud computing environments provide dynamically manageable virtualized computing resources. The management of these resources is taking big account in cloud. So the scheduling has of vital importance in cloud computing. In this paper, we give an elaborate idea about Genetic Algorithm and its several variants proposed for task scheduling in cloud environment and idea of GA based scheduler is proposed in which population is produced by Enhanced Max Min by which makespan can be reduced and load of resources can be balanced.


The present invention provides purine compounds having the following structural formula (I) (where R1, R2 and R3 are as defined herein above) and a composition comprising an effective amount of a compound diaminopurine. The present invention also provides compounds and treatment or prevention of cancer, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, autoimmune disease, inflammatory disorders, macular degeneration, ischemia - reperfusion injury, pain and related syndromes, disease-related wasting, asbestos-related disorders , pulmonary hypertension, or by inhibiting the JNK pathway disorder treatable or preventable, the method comprising administering an effective amount of the aminopurine compound to a patient in need.


Based on the construction of Suzhou-Nantong Bridge′s approach span,a great lot of indoor tests adopting various waterproof layer materials are carried through. According to the results of indoor tests,the property of waterproof layer is analyzed,thus the waterproof layer materials being of good pavement performance are selected for engineering,and some references can be provided for other similar engineering.


Faculty Advisors: Dr. Keshav P. Pokhrel 4, Dr. Taysseer Sharaf 5 ————————————————————————————— Abstract With cancer as a leading cause of death in the United States, the study of its related data is imperative due to the potential patient benefits. This paper examines the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (SEER) research data of reported cancer diagnoses from 1973-2014 for the incidence of leukemia in young (019 years) patients in the United States. The aim is to identify variables, such as prior cancers and treatment, with a unique impact on survival time and five-year survival probabilities using visualizations and different machine learning techniques. This goal culminated in building multiple models to predict the patient's hazard. The two most insightful models constructed were both neural networks. One network used discrete survival time as a covariate to predict one conditional hazard per patient. The prediction rate is nearly 95% for testing datasets. The other network built hazards for discrete time intervals without survival time as a covariate and predicted with lower accuracy, but captured variable effects from initial testing better.


abstracts. As can be seen by the amount oftime spent in curation, the time savings forresearchers are substantial. Education and Outreach An essential part of the curator's job is toprovide education and training for RGDusers and potential users. This is accom-plished in several ways. The RGD Web sitecontains a ''Help'' section developed by thecurators and which is accessible from allpages. This component contains a Glossaryof Terms, general information on how touse the searches and tools, a FrequentlyAsked Questions (FAQ) section, and acomponent that walks users through typicaluse case scenarios. Curators also handleindividual questions through the userrequest system accessible via the ContactUs button on each page, and throughtelephone calls and the Rat CommunityForum. RGD has published seven tutorialvideos at SciVee (http://www.scivee.tv/), aWeb site for video publications for re-search, and videos are available at RGD aswell. Curators present tutorials at majorconferences such as Experimental Biology,Society of Toxicology, Neuroscience andRat Genomics and Models, as well asindividual rat research laboratories. Inaddition, RGD is well represented at majorconferences such as Biology of Genomes,Genome Informatics, Intelligent Systemsfor Molecular Biology, and the Interna-tional Mammalian Genome Conferencewith presentations and posters highlightingnew tools and datasets. Other outreachactivities involve contact with individualresearchers for nomenclature assignment togenes, QTLs, and strains, as well asconstruction of customized datasets.


China is in a period of social transition.There appear a variety of new disputes.The same is true with the current disputes in the rural areas,there are types of disputes and complicated content.In the period of social transition,the way to settle the rural dispute should embody the authority of the lay and consider the actual situation in the rural areas.In the rule of law,we should further establish and improve the multi-type of rural disputes' resolution mechanism which is based on regulation,as well as give full play to the function of dispute settlement and realize social harmony and stability in the rural areas as well as the country's long-term stability.


Given the predominance of multilingualism in many countries there is great need for a new, interdisciplinary approach to the problem. Sociolinguistics-or the sociology of language-provides such an approach and can help to shed new light on a phenomenon which is often discussed in terms that tend to create more problems than they solve. In order to demonstrate how sociolinguistic theory and practice can contribute to the study of multilingualism this paper will attempt to outline briefly some of the basic premises of sociolinguistic theory which appear relevant to the understanding of the phenomenon of multilingualism and also to define multilingualism as a social behaviour in response to a contact


The effects of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) on cerebral blood flow (CBF) autoregulation during induced hypertension were studied by positron emission tomography (PET) during chronic vasospasm in anaesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. SAH was induced by intracisternal injection of autologous blood. In the control animals saline was injected instead. This method produced angiographical vasospasm of major arteries 48 h after injection. During this period, CBF was measured at each side of fronto-parietal and occipital sections using PET with or without induced hypertension. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was increased from 94 6 2.4 to 140 6 0.3 mm Hg by the injection of phenyl-ephrine. An autoregulatory index (AI) expressed as delta CBF (%) per 10-mm Hg increase in MABP was employed to analyse CBF response. SAH significantly reduced (p , 0.0001) basal CBF (ml/100 g/min) by 26.2% (control 60.0 6 n 24, SAH 44.3 4.5 n A territorial CBF that decreased by 50% or more over the mean control value was used to define ischaemia and was identified in five out of 20 regions (25%) in the SAH group. AI (%/10-mm Hg) 13.5 6 2.4 in the control group (n 5 24). In the SAH independent factor in outcome prediction when used in conjunction with the Hunt and Hess scale and not with the WFNS scale and the GCS. CONCLUSION: Timing of grading is an important factor in outcome prediction that needs to be standardized. This study suggests that the patient's worst clinical grade is most predictive of outcome, especially when the patient is assessed using the WFNS scale or the GCS. OBJECTIVE: Intracranial aneurysm size is an important determinant of risk of rupture and outcome after rupture. Risk factors influencing aneurysm formation and growth are not well defined. In this study, we examined the association between known risk factors for cerebrovascular disease and size of intracranial aneurysms in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. METHODS: We analyzed prospectively collected data from the placebo-treated group in a multicenter clinical trial conducted at 54 neurosurgical centers in North America. The presence, location, and size of intracranial aneurysms were determined by review of the admission angiograms. Pertinent information regarding the presence of various cerebrovascular risk factors was collected for each patient. Using logistic regression analysis, we identified independent determinants of aneurysm size from demographic, clinical, and angiographic characteristics of the participants. The impact of aneurysm size on 3-month mortality was analyzed after adjusting for potential confounding factors. RESULTS: For 298 patients admitted with subarachnoid hemorrhage, the ruptured aneurysms were graded as small ( , 13 mm) in 235 patients (79%) and large ( $ 13 mm) in 63 patients (21%). In the logistic Objective: To investigate the incidence and prognostic significance of fever on presentation and during the subsequent 72 hours in patients with spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods: We analyzed 251 patients. On admission, body temperature, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, age, sex, blood pressure, blood glucose level, and presumed origin of hemorrhage were analyzed. From the initial CT scan, hematoma volume, location, and presence of intraventricular hemorrhage were determined. From the first 72 hours, hematoma enlargement, duration of increased temperatures, blood pressure, and blood glucose level were determined. Outcome was classified on discharge with the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score. Results: Outcomes included no symptoms in 23 (9%), moderate disability in 64 (26%), severe disability in 104 (41%), vegetative state in 5 (2%), and death in 55 (22%) patients. Prognostic factors retained from a logistic regression model with a dichotomized GOS scale (GOS score of 1 or 2 versus GOS score of 3 to 5) as response variables were GCS score of 7 or less, age older than 75 years, hematoma volume of more than 60 cm 3 , ventricular hemorrhage, and presence of a coagulation disorder ( p , 0.05). Fever was associated with intraventricular hemorrhage. From 196 patients, data from the first 72 hours were analyzed. A total of 18 patients (9%) had normal temperatures throughout the study. The duration of fever ( $ 37.5 °C) was less than 24 hours in 66 (34%), 24 to 48 hours in 70 (36%), and more than 48 hours in 42 patients (21%). Independent prognostic factors during the first 72 hours were duration of fever, secondary hemorrhage, GCS score of 7 or less, ventricular hemorrhage, hematoma volume of more than 60 cm 3 , duration of increased blood pressure of more than 48 hours, and duration of increased blood glucose of more than 48 hours. Conclusions: The incidence of fever after supratentorial ICH is high, especially in patients with ventricular hemorrhage. In patients surviving the first 72 hours after hospital admission, the duration of fever is associated with poor outcome and seems to be an independent prognostic factor in these patients. min. after the induction of ischemia. Physiological parameters and regional cerebral blood flow were monitored during the surgical procedure. Brain water content and ischemic injury volume were measured with the wet dry method and 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride monohydrate (TTC) staining, re-spectively, at 24 hours after occlusion. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding physiological parameters during the procedure. Memantine treatment (n 5 9) reduced the brain water content significantly in the cortex compared to saline treatment (n 5 8; 83.1 6 0.7% vs. 84.5 6 1.5%, respectively, p , 0.05). The total volume of ischemic brain injury was 300 6 49 mm 3 in the animals treated with saline (n 5 13). 20 mg/kg memantine 5 14) reduced the ischemic injury volume to 233 6 61 mm 3 (P , 0.01). These results demonstrate that the harmful effects of recirculation after a period of ischemia can be attenuated by the treatment of memantine, perhaps by its action at the NMDA receptors. with immunofluorescent staining, we simultaneously measured in three dimensions the distribution of microvascular plasma perfusion deficit and fibrin(ogen) immunoreactivity in a rat model of focal cerebral embolic ischemia (n 5 12). In addition, using in situ hybridization and immunostaining, we analyzed expression of PAI-1 in ischemic brain (n 5 13). A significant (p , 0.05) reduction of cerebral microvascular plasma perfusion accompanied a significant (p , 0.05) increase of intravascular and extravascular fibrin deposition in the ischemic lesion. Microvascular plasma perfusion deficit and fibrin deposition expanded concomitantly from the subcortex to the cortex during 1 and 4 hr of embolic MCA occlusion. Three-dimensional analysis revealed that intravascular fibrin deposition directly blocks microvascular plasma perfusion. Vascular plugs contained erythrocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and platelets enmeshed in fibrin. In situ hybridization demonstrated induction of PAI-1 mRNA in vascular endothelial cells in the ischemic region at 1 hr of ischemia. PAI-1 mRNA significantly increased at 4 hr of ischemia. Immunohistochemical staining showed the same pattern of increased PAI-1 antigen in the endothelial cells. These data demonstrate, for the first time, that progressive intravascular fibrin deposition directly blocks cerebral microvascular plasma perfusion in the ischemic region during acute focal cerebral embolic ischemia, and upregulation of the PAI-1 gene in the ischemic lesion may foster fibrin deposition through suppression of fibrinolysis. and the effect of low, normal, and high PaO 2 was studied. Results: Quantitated neuropathology worsened with every 10 mm Hg decrement in BP, but the effect of altering PaO 2 by 10 mm Hg was not as great, nor as consistent. Autoradiographic study of cerebral blood flow with 14 C-iodoantipyrine revealed no hypoxic vasodilatation during ischemia. In the MCA occlusion model, milder hypoxia than in the first series (PaO 2 5 46.5 6 1.4 mm Hg) exacerbated necrosis to 24.3 6 4.7% of the hemisphere from 16.6 6 7.0% with normoxia (PaO 2 5 120.5 6 4.1 mm Hg), whereas hyperoxia (PaO 2 5 213.9 6 5.8 mm Hg) mitigated hemispheric damage to 7.50 6 1.86%. Cortical damage was strikingly sensitive to arterial PaO 2 , being 12.8 6 3.1% of the hemisphere with hypoxia, 7.97 6 4.63% with normoxia, and only 0.3 6 0.2% of the hemisphere with hyperoxia ( p , 0.01), and necrosis being eliminated completely in 8 of 10 animals. Conclusions: Hypoxia without ischemia does not cause brain necrosis but hypoxia exacerbates ischemic necrosis. Hyperoxia potently mitigates brain damage in this MCA occlusion model, especially in neocortex. increased oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), which is measured with PET, may be at increased risk for cerebral ischemia. However, the clinical significance of increased OEF remains unclear. This study investigated whether increased OEF is an independent predictor of 5-y risk of subsequent stroke. Methods: We prospectively evaluated the relationship between the regional hemodynamic status of cerebral circulation and the subsequent risk of stroke in 40 patients with symptomatic internal carotid or middle cerebral arterial occlusive diseases who underwent PET. Patients were divided into two hemodynamic categories according to the mean hemispheric value of OEF in the hemisphere supplied by the artery with symptomatic disease: one group with increased OEF and one with normal OEF. All patients were followed for 5 y with medical treatment until the recurrence of stroke or death. Results: During 5 y, 11 total and 9 ipsilateral ischemic strokes occurred. The incidences of all ischemic strokes in patients with increased OEF and in those with normal OEF were 5 of 7 and 6 of 33 patients, respectively. There were 4 ipsilateral ischemic strokes in patients with increased OEF and 5 in those with normal OEF. Kaplan-Meier analysis


Numerical analysis is the main method for analyzing productivity and water-cut performance of horizontal wells in various field-development patterns. In sheet deposits of Western Siberia, which have nearly unit mobility ratios of oil and injected water, a nearly frontal drive is observed. A precise analytical solution of steady-state fluid filtration was applied to six development patterns having horizontal wells.


This paper presents a discourse-functional account of English inversion, based on an examination of a large corpus of nalturally-occurring tokens. It is argued that inversion serves an intormation-palckaiging tfunction, and that felicitous inversion depends on the relative discourse-familiarity of the information represented by the preposed and postposed constituents. The data moreover indicate that evoked elements and inferrable elements are treated alike with respect to inversion; both are treated as discourse-old information. Finally, it is suggested that discourse-familiarity correlates not with subjecthood, but rather with relative sentence position.* 1. INTROI)UCTION. It is well known that a speaker may exploit the interaction between discourse context and propositional meaning to give rise to conversational implicatures. That these implicatures are not tied to the form of the utterance is evidenced by the fact that the same proposition expressed in a different lexical or syntactic form will convey the same implicature (the property of 'nondetachability'; Grice 1975). A speaker may also, however, exploit the interaction between discourse context and syntactic form for the purpose of structuring the information represented by the utterance, either internally or with respect to other intformation believed to be (or desired to be, or soon to be) in the hearer's discourse model. That is, while natural languages provide their speakers with a variety of syntactic forms for conveying a single semantic proposition, the speaker's selection from among these options may serve an information-packaging function (Chafe 1976; cf. Vallduvi 1992, inter alia). A speaker's use of a syntactic construction with a particular function, then, will license the hearer to infer that the relationship between the information represented by the utterance and other information in the discourse is appropriate


This research is the initial stage in research on the development of teaching materials where researchers try to find out the needs of learning English in class IX students of SMP N 5 Jepara in the 2020/2021 academic year. The researcher used a qualitative and quantitative descriptive research design. Researchers used test and non-test instruments. The instruments consist of listening tests and questionnaires. The respondents were students of class IX SMP N 5 Jepara. Then, the data analysis used is the Miles and Huberman method which consists of data reduction, data display, and verification. The results obtained from the analysis of the needs for learning English for class IX at SMP N 5 Jepara are: 1) the completeness of listening material are still low. 2) the listening pre-test indicates that students' listening skills are still lacking. 3) the interview with the teacher shows that teacher had difficulty in finding listening material.Keywords: Need Analysis, English Materials, Listening


One of basic system services that an electricity transmission system operator guarantees is power balance maintenance. The aim of this service is to keep power export/import to/from surrounding interconnected electricity systems at a proposed value. This implies that the amplitude of a power balance deviation has to be kept in specified boundaries. The operator uses so called ancillary services for this purpose. In order to perform the overall volume and structure optimization of the ancillary services it is needed to know the magnitude and dynamics of the deviation that will be decayed. For this reason a deviation balance model has been designed and is presented in the paper. It describes electricity transmission system operation


This document describes the mechanism of wVegas (weighted Vegas),
which is a delay-based congestion control for MPTCP. The current
congestion control algorithm of MPTCP, LIA, achieves only course-
grained load balancing, since it is based on packet loss event. On the
contrary, wVegas adopts packet queuing delay as congestion signals,
thus achieving fine-grained load balancing. Compared with loss-based
algorithms, wVegas is more sensitive to the changes of network
congestion and thus achieves more timely traffic shifting and quicker
convergence. WVegas has been implemented in the Linux Kernel and is
part of the UCLouvain's MPTCP implementation now.


The Federal Election Commission (FEC) is the regulating authority over the monies that U.S. citizens are allowed to give to political candidates and parties. However, preexisting loopholes in FEC regulation allow for contributions to be made in situations that do not require donors to disclose their identity, a term coined as "dark money". The increase of dark money in campaign financing and the ability of political spending to influence voter perspectives and decisions puts the credibility of the political finance system at stake. Additionally, with the introduction of blockchain, decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) and smart contracts to political financing these technologies collectively can serve as a new vehicle for bad actors to use. In this paper, the effects of blockchain and smart contracts on political finance are examined through four use cases to demonstrate how these technologies can extend anonymous, foreign interference in political campaign financing and further cripple public trust in it.


Malware, which spreads among hosts, brings potential damage to computer systems. Its propagation will even be facilitated when search engine exists. In this paper, we try to dig deeper into the infected time of communities and the malware behaviour in a search engine context. In order to address these problems, a two layer model is proposed for malware propagation via search engine. Derived from this model, we have found that when search engine exists, the reciprocal of infected time in different communities follows power law distribution and the number of malware increases exponentially at the early stage. Both of these hypothesis are validated later by simulations on a real-world dataset.


With the expansion of the IP network scale, the topology structure of IP network has also changing. Traditional network topology research methods by adapting tools of Ping or Traceroute were used to carry out the active end-to-end detection from the origin router nodes to destination router nodes. But sometimes, because some routers set the UDP/SNMP limitation, there are some router IP address could not be detected. In addition, AS operator can adopt router syslog configuration files to obtain link connection condition, but, these files have the update life-time, it is hard to obtain the information in real-time. So, we only obtained some incomplete topology information. Due to the IP network has some local information similarity, this article adopted the complex link prediction algorithm based on local information similarity algorithm and design a kind of improved method based on the IP network characters to realize the unknown links prediction. Through the experiment, the results expressed that, the prediction index of local information common neighbor algorithm index of AA, RA obtain the most good accuracy, and the improved Bayesian CN index combining the degree value index of AA can get more higher prediction accuracy about 0.97. This article confirmed the link prediction method based on local information similarity algorithm can be effectively applied in the IP network unknown link prediction.


SummaryIn young cacao trees grown at different combinations of the day and night temperatures 74°, 80° and 86° F., the rate of increase in total extension growth was found to be markedly greater at all times as day temperature increased, although the rates of extension at each temperature were not constant throughout the experiment. The response to night temperature was much smaller, and occurred for limited periods and only in some of the treatments.It was concluded that there was a direct effect of temperature on total extension growth, and that the effect on the amount of extension per flush or per leaf produced was incidental.


In this article, we present a fast and self-adaptive stereo vision system for road obstacle detection. Both calibration and processing are detailed. Concerning color calibration, it is verified and adjusted by changing chrominance and brightness of cameras. Steps of processing are as follows: first, vertical edges points are extracted using the operator color declivity. Then, vertical edges points are associated using dynamic programming based on geometric, non-reversal, uniqueness and color photometric constraints. Finally, 3D edges of obstacle are extracted and obstacles are bounded by boxes. Performance of segmentation, matching and obstacle detection are discussed. Experimental results are shown


Sentiment analysis is an important field that aims to extract opinion or other subjective information from sources such as text. With the advent of social networks, blogs, reviews, and online shopping, sentiment analysis has garnered significant attention from both the industry and the research community[3]. Being able to accurately identify sentiment from online text allows businesses to better understand their customers. It gives businesses invaluable insight about what were the pain points in their products and services, what potential improvements can they make on their products and services, and etc. Because of its potential to obtain high-level insight from large amounts of data, sentiment analysis has applications in various domains [3]. Sentiment analysis can be used to summarize user reviews on review-related sites [3]. It can be used as sub-component of software systems such as question answering systems. In organizations such as business and governments, it can also be used for reputation management and public relations [3].


In order to evaluate the mechanism of cellulose hydrolysis, the complementary DNA encoding Glycoside Hydrolase Family (GHF)74 was cloned from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Depending on the presence of Cellulose Binding Module (CBM), it can be classified as GHF74A or GHF74B. The GHF74A gene from P. chrysosporium (PcGHF74A) consists of 2163 bp encoding a protein of 721 amino acid residues. The PcGHF74A showed homology of 70∼77% compared with the GHF74 from other filamentous fungi. The PcGHF74B, which contains CBM and is a member of family 1, was transcribed to various transcripts depending on the nature of carbon sources and their concentration. To study the possible presence of splice variants in GHF74B transcripts in P. chrysospoium, we carried out RT-PCR analysis using primers that designed based on the annotation data and sequenced data. Our result indicated that PcGHF74B was transcribed to several splicing variants in various culture conditions. Especially in the culture of 2% cellulose, three transcript products were observed. First transcript was presumed to be a full length ORF that contained 11th intron with stop codon at position 2562 bp. The second one consisted of 12 exons and 11 introns with stop codon at position 1187 bp with 7th exon. The shortest transcript consisted of 10 exons and 9 introns with stop codon at 910 bp in the 7th exon. These premature stop codon might prevent the synthesis of fully active GHF74 or contribute for the production of protein with distinct function depending on the ambient carbon sources.


This paper presents the design and some aspects of implementation of a highly dependable, safety-oriented kernel for real-time applications. It is specifically designed as an execution facility for a deterministic semi-formal model -- the OASIS model -- which allows to express and verify temporal behaviors and communications of a safety critical real-time application. This paper shows specifically how, from a formalism, and a Domain Specific Language, we achieved to build a generic execution layer that conforms to the highest levels of safety, how the safety is implemented thank to the interaction between the kernel and the compilation tools, and how performance was optimized within these constraints.


We undertake a comprehensive investigation of the properties of the sphaleron in electroweak theories with two Higgs doublets. We do this in as model-independent a way as possible: by exploring the physical parameter space described by the masses and mixing angles of the Higgs particles. If there is a large split in the masses of the neutral Higgs particles, there can be several sphaleron solutions, distinguished by their properties under parity and the behavior of the Higgs field at the origin. In general, these solutions appear in parity conjugate pairs and are not spherically symmetric, although the departure from spherical symmetry is small. Including CP violation in the Higgs potential can change the energy of the sphaleron by up to 14% for a given set of Higgs boson masses, with significant implications for the baryogenesis bound on the mass of the lightest Higgs boson.


Thymic gland (thymus) represents a huge mystery for biology, medicine (primarily immunology), including pediatric issues. Complexity of the study is determined by the multiplicity of integral connections of thymus with other components of immune system, neuroendocrine, hematopoietic systems, connective tissue, different organs and cells which provide appropriate barrier function. Discerning the direct thymic function from this continuum, or determining specific role of molecular factors (neuropeptides, growth hormone, etc.) upon the immune physiology represents a problem which is not yet resolved. In this review article dedicated to the current state of the problem, we consider the morphological and functional relationships between thymus, neuroendocrine system and, in particular, with hormones of the somatotropic axis. These interactions may also manifest by clinical heterogeneity which may be associated with impaired morphogenesis (organogenesis) at a very early stage of embryogenesis; namely, under the influence of gene family that determine the fate of each segment of the embryo-Hox genes which control the expression of other, functionally interconnected genes. Previously, T lymphocytes produced by the thymus and brain neurons have been shown to express the same antigen (Thy antigen), which was considered a specific antigen of T lymphocytes. A common molecular language, mediated by the molecules of intercellular interaction, was revealed which is used for the signal exchange between the cells, tissues and organs regulating the three mentioned systems (nervous, endocrine and immune). The interest of pediatricians in this field is associated with definite concept of human ontogenesis, from birth to elderly age, with thymic gland playing the main role, since antenatal period to early childhood. The main line of reasoning in this research area is not only theoretical, but also important from practical point of view. Since any critical involution of the thymus is accompanied by reduced number of produced and exported cells, a hormone-based therapy may be an alternative strategy to restore the organ by increasing thymocyte proliferation, and exporting mature T cells to peripheral lymphoid organs. Great opportunities have been opened in clinical immunology due to development of effective epistemological methods, e.g., genetic knock-out, transgenic animal models with human stem cell transfer, transplantation of hematopoietic and immunopoietic cells in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, immune cell malignancies, autoinflammatory diseases, and, finally, infections of the immune system.


and photodetector measurements, respectively. RESULTS: We observed a rapid increase in CV over the first 510 pulses in all three pulse modes before a plateau after 20-30 pulses, accompanied by a characteristic transition in bubble geometry from a small, flat bubble to a large hemispherical bubble. Longer PDs resulted in higher energy delivery efficiency, but lower mean CV (0.737 mm, 0.602 mm, and 0.535 mm for fragmentation, standard, and advanced mode after 100 pulses, respectively; p < 0.05). High-speed imaging synced with photodetector measurements correlated higher energy delivery with the expansion of the vapor bubble. CONCLUSIONS: As CV enlarged, more laser energy was absorbed by the intermediate fluid, leading to a large bubble formation with a concomitant reduction in stone damage at increasing pulse numbers. This important observation demonstrates that fiber-stone distance is a critical parameter in treatment efficiency regardless of PD. Significantly, this is the first experimental validation of improved energy delivery to the stone with longer PDs with more pulse energy delivered following the formation of a vapor bubble. However, the reduced CV for longer PD suggests that other factors, such as cavitation erosion and stress, may play a significant role in stone damage.


During August 1984 many small jelly fish were reported swarming around sea cages belonging to a smolt unit within the Shetland Isles. This site contained Atlantic salmon, Sa/mo salar, post smolts, about 270g in weight and some larger fish which had spent over one year in sea water. The leptomedusae were identified as Phia/e/la quadrata (Forbes). The diameter of the umbrella measured 911 mm (Fig. I a). This species commonly occurs in coastal waters around Scotland including the Hebrides, Orkneys and Shetlands, also from the western half of the English channel and along the western coast of Great Britain (Russell 1953). Although no reliable estimate could be made of the numbers of P. quadrata involved, all ten smolt cages each con taining approximately 5000 fish were affected. The water temperature was l 3°C. Fish stopped feeding and mortalities increased from 40 per day when the jellyfish were first observed, rising to 500 per day within 48 hours. During the four clays when the jellyfish were present it was estimated that 1500 fish were killed. Histological examination of the gills showed severe epidermal stripping and necrosis involving both the primary and secondary lamellae, leucocytic infiltration and degranulation of eosinophilic granular cells (Fig. l b). These findings are consistant with a hypersensitivity reaction


The library is an important part of the construction of studying atmosphere in institutions of higher learning. The relation of the circulation of books and teaching activities is one mutually motivated and developing side by side, the bases of which are its characteristics of learning, education, and service.


Objective: To detect HLA-B27 by using flow cytometer, and evaluate clinical significance of HLA-B27 in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), waist pain and healthy volunteers. Methods: A total of 114 people were included, including 24 patients with AS, 35 with waist pain and 55 healthy volunteers in this study. HLA-B27 was detected with vein blood by ethylenediaminetetra- acetic-acid (EDTA) or heparin sodium. The HLA-B27-FITC/HLA-B7-PE fluorescent antibody was used following with flow cytometer detection. Results: Detecting HLA-B27 was successfully performed in all the samples by flow cytometer. 24 AS patients including 22 cases with B27 positive, and 35 cases with waist pain was showed 2 positives. In the healthy group, there were 3 positives in 55 control. The positive rate was 91. 67%, 5.71%, and 5. 45%, respectively. Conclusion:HLA-B27 may be associate with AS tightly and important basis for future diagnosis and differentiations and however it may not be used as a marker for its confirmation. Genotyping for HLA-B27 using flow cytometer could be considered as a rapid, and potential clinical tool.


This article presents a novel deep learning‐based ensemble conditional mean filter (DL‐EnCMF) for nonlinear data assimilation. The filter's key component is the approximation of the conditional expectation (CE) using deep neural networks (DNNs). We implement the DL‐EnCMF for tracking the states of the Lorenz‐63 system. Numerical results show that the DL‐EnCMF outperforms the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF)—a common technique for data assimilation.


Cloud-based manufacturing has been defined as CMfg. It is a system built on cloud computing technology that can integrate a large number of manufacturing resources. In a CMfg system, there are huge amounts of data and one of them is the video used to monitor manufacturing processes and learn knowledge. In cloud platform, the video data generate fast and have diverse formats, so the need for unified transcoding and management is necessary. In this article, an elastic cloud framework for fast video transcoding process and management is proposed. The core of this framework is a distributed system based on Hadoop that is designed for massive data storage and parallel computing.


In adult population subclinical hypothyroid disease is associated with marginally increased risk of progression to overt thyroid disease, abnormal lipid levels, increased risk for atherosclerosis which results in increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Studies have shown that subclinical hypothyroidism in children is associated with pro-atherogenic abnormalities like low high-density lipoprotein, high triglyceride to high density-lipoprotein ratio and high homocysteine level. 5


Radical-polar crossover mechanisms are invoked in numerous late transition metal and photocatalyzed reactions. To the best of our knowledge, reductive radical-polar crossover mechanisms are not invoked for group 3 early transition metals due to their propensity to exist in high oxidation states. Through use of a redox-active (tris)amido ligand we have accessed this mechanism for use with early transition metals. This mechanism is showcased through enabling product formation for a wide variety of elimination products from α-halo substituted benzylic bromides. The mechanism of this new type of reactivity with Sc is explored, and Hammett analysis reveals an anionic intermediate. The wide functional group tolerance of this reaction is also demonstrated.


Virtualization paradigms like cloud computing, software defined networking (SDN), and network functions virtualization (NFV) provide advantages with respect to aspects like flexibility, costs, and scalability. However, management and orchestration of the resulting networks also introduce new challenges. The placement of services, such as virtual machines (VMs), virtualized network functions (VNFs), or SDN controllers, is a multi-objective optimization task that confronts operators with a multitude of possible solutions that are incomparable among each other. The goal of this work is to investigate mechanisms that enable automated decision making between such multi-dimensional solutions. To this end, we investigate techniques from the domain of multi-attribute decision making that aggregate the performance of placements to a single numeric score. A comparison between resulting rankings of placements shows that many techniques produce similar results. Hence, placements that achieve good rankings according to many approaches might be viable candidates in the context of automated decision making. In order to illustrate the functionality of the different scoring mechanisms, we perform a case study on a single network graph and a fixed number of objectives and service instances. Additionally, we present aggregated results from broad evaluations on the Internet Topology Zoo and a larger number of objectives as well as varying numbers of service instances. These allow making more reliable statements about the mechanisms' performance and agreement.


Manufacturers of land clearing equipment, land leveling, ditching machinery, mold board plows, and lister plows are listed. A combined list of manufacturers of sugar cane tillage equipment is presented. Lists of manufacturers are included for the following types of equipment: planting, irrigation, spraying equipment, aerial application spraying and dusting equipment, power units, harvesting, loaders, and transport units. Methods of mechanical harvesting sugarcane and sweet sorghum grown from improved planting and production treatments are evaluated. Commercial mechanical systems available for harvesting maximum sugarcane biomass in the sugar production areas of the United States. (MHR)


PURPOSE:To easily obtain a television with video telephone function by adding a video telephone function generating unit to a general television for the audi ence of television programs, thereby utilizing a general television receiver. CONSTITUTION:Incoming call from a communication channel 26 is detected by a circuit control part 27, and an incoming control part 28 refers to set the data of a function setting part 33 to report it to a user. When the user hooks off a receiver building in a microphone 23, TV telephone data are supplied to a TV telephone function part 25, and picture and audio data are sent to a TV function part 12 (color TV receiver) through a picture output control part 30 and an audio output control part 31 and are outputted. Various modes of simultaneous display of both pictures, the superposition of voice, etc., are set to the function setting part 33 so that the user can use the video telephone while watching the television programs, and signals are supplied to required circuits by output control parts 30 and 31 in accordance with each mode. When a telephone number is inputted to a command input device 32 in the case of transmission, telephone data are transferred between a telephone function part 25 and the circuit control part 27 through a data line Ldt1. Thus, the video telephone is available.


We present a method for encoding second-quantized fermionic systems in qubits when the number of fermions is conserved, as in the electronic structure problem. When the number F of fermions is much smaller than the number M of modes, this symmetry reduces the number of information-theoretically required qubits from Θ(M) to O(F logM). In this limit, our encoding requires O(F 2 log M) qubits, while encoded fermionic creation and annihilation operators have cost O(F 2 log M) in two-qubit gates. This is the first second-quantized encoding of fermions in qubits whose costs in qubits and gates are both polylogarithmic in M , which will permit studying fermionic systems in the high-accuracy regime of many modes.


On Saturday evening, March 14, 2020, third- and fourth-year medical students at the Ochsner Clinical School (OCS) received an urgent email from their school administration:

Due to the growing COVID-19 pandemic, there have been over 1,500 calls to the Ochsner Call Line with over a 3-hour wait time


Objective To compare the clinical effect of full-mouth root planing and quadrant root planing.Methods Forty patients with chronic periodontitis were divided into 2 groups,which received full-mouth root planing(test group) and quadrant root planning(control group),respectively.The full-mouth root planing was completed within 24h,and the quadrant root planning was given once a week for 4 weeks.Probing depth(PD),bleeding index(BI) and attachment loss(AL) were recorded at baseline and 6 weeks after treatment,respectively.Results In both groups,PD and BI were singnificantly reduced compared with baseline (P 0.01),AL was also reduced(P 0.05).The degree of reduction of PD and BI and the attachment gains were more significant in test group than in the control group (P 0.05).Conclusion Full-mouth root planing has more advantages over traditional root planning in clinical effects.


Objective:To explore the effect of the great cardiac vein (GCV) occlusion on pacing threshold in pigs. Method:GCV occlusion model was established by percutaneous implantation of spring coil into GCV in 24 pigs. Pacing threshold was measured before GCV occlusion, and 1 hour, 1, 2, 3 weeks after GCV occlusion at right ventricular apex, left ventricular apex, left ventricular septum distal to the site of GCV occlusion, and left ventricular free wall, respectively. In four other pigs, the GCV was occluded by a PTCA balloon, and pacing threshold was measured in the GCV at baseline, 5, 15, 25, 35, 45 and 60 minute after balloon inflation, respectively.Result:In GCV occlusion group, pacing threshold increased significantly at left ventricular septum distal,left side apex and right side apex after GCV occlusion. There were no markedly changes of pacing threshold at left ventricular free wall. In balloon occlusion group, there was no significant change in pacing threshold within 1 hour after occlusion (P0.05).Conclusion:GCV occlusion could induce increase of myocardial pacing threshold in the neighborhood of the site of GCV occlusion, but the local pacing threshold in GCV shows no change within 1 hour of GCV occlusion.


Navigation bar is a basic Web application functionality,the navigation bar by clicking the menu item can link to a different functional operation page.This component is implemented by class code,the design of the basic idea is: the navigation data stored in the database,read data from the database to bind to the navigation controls can also add navigation data to the database,you can easily design the site Use the navigation bar.


The analysis on 32 soils sample of greenhouse in the area GuanZHong, the results that the soil salt accumulation and acidulation of topsoil are obviously showed. The average total salt content of topsoil is 3.2 g/kg, 20~40cm depth of soil is 2.8 g/kg, almost 40~60cm and 60~80cm depth of soil are 2.0 g/kg; both PH-value of topsoil lower 0.61 and 60~80cm soil layer lower 0.27 than the check sample ; the average NO3-- N content is 6.3 mg/kg,it is 5.5 time of the check sample , NO3--N down-ward migration is total soil profile ,even the average NO3--N content is 27.3 mg/kg of 60~80cm soil layer ; the average content of organic matter is 16.0 g/kg of topsoil ;all the salt content is increasing and PH-value is down and NO-3-N is leaching loss of deep level more and more serious with cultivated year. The reasons are over-fertilizer, poor organic manure, continuous cropping, illogical irrigation etc. We suggest to increase the input of organic manure, to limit mineral fertilizer application rate, to improve fertilizer practice, to irrigation and drainage scientifically, crop rotation.


ABSTRACT Traditional farming that changes to profitable agribusiness can serve a machine for rural modernisation. This article assesses factors that determined the decision of smallholder vegetable producers to participate in vegetable-based agribusiness and analyses the impact of agribusiness participation and other determinants on the economic returns. Structural equation modelling was employed to show a proposed model of cumulative causation theory. Data were compiled from a quantitative survey of 357 selected farm households located in major vegetable-producing areas of Bali and Java, Indonesia. Results show that human capital and household endowment motivated farmers to participate in vegetable-based agribusiness. Women's participation significantly contributed to agribusiness participation and agribusiness participation led to income generation. Opportunities exist to expand vegetable-based agribusiness and increase farmers' income by providing adequate access to transportation infrastructure, an advantageous agribusiness environment, and investing in human capital through training and extension services.


The authors have calculated the electronic structure of the high-temperature superconductors Bi2Sr2CuO6 and Tl2Ba2CuO6. They find that the Tl-O layers are mainly covalently bonded, whereas the Bi-O layers also have an ionic component. These materials have very similar crystal structures, but radically different superconducting properties, Tc=12 K and 90 K respectively. They focus on how 'metallic' the Bi/Tl layers are and the degree to which the CuO2 layers are doped by charge transfer as possible reasons for this difference, arguing that the latter is dominant.


The invention relates to a method for controlling the degree of locking of an electronically controllable differential lock in a driven axle of a vehicle. According to the invention the driving is characterized in that on the basis of at least one driving state variable an oversteering situation or an understeering situation is detected that the detected situation is evaluated to determine whether a non-zero degree of locking in the differential lock is to be set, and that control the degree of locking of the differential lock is made depending on the result of the evaluation. The invention also relates to a device suitable for carrying out the method.


We study the constraint minimization problem related to the Gross–Pitaevskii functional with a higher order interaction Iaδ:=infEaδ(ϕ):ϕ∈H(R2),‖ϕ‖L22=1, where δ>0,a>0, Eaδ(ϕ):=∫R2|∇ϕ|2dx+∫R2V|ϕ|2dx+δ2∫R2|∇(|ϕ|2)|2dx−a2∫R2|ϕ|4dx and V is a continuous periodic potential. Thanks to the concentration‐compactness principle, we show the existence of minimizers for Iaδ with a≥a*:=‖Q‖L22 and δ sufficiently small, where Q is the unique positive radial solution to −ΔQ+Q−Q3=0. The blow‐up behaviors of minimizers for Iaδ as δ↘0 are described in details with an additional assumption on the external potential in the case a=a*.


Appling complex network theory,this paper conducts a simulation analysis on the effects of network structure and enterprise's technology learning strategies on the performance of technology learning industry innovation network.The results show that:(1) the evolution of industry innovation network from random network to scale-free network will greatly enhance enterprise's technology learning performance;(2) the balancing technology learning strategy,which takes both the link strength and technology level of adjacent network member into consideration,is a better strategy than the other two strategies in term of efficiency and fair.


Purpose: To compare the feasibility of gadolinium-enhanced excretory MR urography(GEMRU) and conven-tional MR urography using the half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo(HASTE) sequence in patients with hydronephrosis or non-visualized kidney. Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients with hydronephrosis or non-visualized kidney, as demonstrated by ultrasonography or intravenous urography, were enrolled in this study. Nine were men and six were women, and their age ranged from 18 to 77 (mean, 60.6) years. For all MR examinations, a 1.5-T MR unit was employed. For breath-hold MR urography, the HASTE technique(MRU) was used, and reconstruction involved the use of a maximum intensity-projection (MIP) algorithm. For gadolinium-enhanced excretory MR urography, the fast low angle shot(FLASH) 3-D method was used and images were obtained at 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes, and reconstruction again involved the use of an MIP algorithm. In some cases, additional GEMRU was obtained 24 hours after contrast material injection, and an MIP algorithm was used for reconstruction. MRU and GEMRU were independently interpreted by two radiologists who for quantitative analysis compared SNR with CNR, and at each anatomic level qualitatively analysed morphologic accuracy and diagnostic value of the lesions. Results: In quantitative analysis, SNR and CNR differences between the two sequences at the renal pelvis and the level of the ureter were not significant (p0.05). In qualitative analysis, GEMRU was superior to M-RU for the assessment of evaluated ureter at each level(p0.05), anatomic anomaly and intrinsic tumor. Ureteral stones, however, were more easily diagnosed with MRU. Conclusion: For assessment of the ureter GEMRU is superior to MRU and has the advantage of evaluating renal function. We believe that for evaluation of the urinary tract, especially the distal ureter, GEMRU may be a valuable adjunct to routine MR urography.


A procedure is analyzed for comparing measured ionization in a chamber and the amplitude of the pulse at the output of the electronic circuit. Formulas are derived which allow calculation of the shape of the measured and calibration pulses after they have passed through an arbitrary number of integrating and differentiating circuits for any distribution of the ionization in the chamber. The effect of the shape of the calibration pulses on the amplitude characteristics is considered, and recommendations are made concerning its choice. Specific calculations are carried out for the IK-6 rectangular cylindrical ionization chamber which has become extensively used in ionization calorimeters. An experimental check of the proposed procedure is carried out.


We report a case of a male patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma and severe acne-like lesions associated with taking amineptine, a tricyclic antidepressant. The lesions appeared after self-administration of high doses of the drug, up to 4000 mg/day. The relationship between the acne-like lesions, drug intake and lymphoma are discussed. The severity of these cutaneous lesions seems to be correlated with the degree of overdose. A high concentration of lactam metabolites found in the lesions may explain their persistence. Drug addiction and alcoholism seem to be adjunctive risk factors for amineptine side-effects. The effect of amineptine may be facilitated by the presence of Hodgkin's disease.


This editorial refers to 'Left ventricular systolic and diastolic function assessed by tissue Doppler imaging and outcome in asymptomatic aortic stenosis', by R.A.H. Stewart et al. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehq159

'Information is not knowledge'.Albert Einstein In patients with severe aortic stenosis, it is well recognized that when symptoms develop, death will ensue unless the obstruction is relieved. Development of cardiac symptoms of angina, syncope, or heart failure indicate that a critical severity of obstruction has occurred and mark a change in the natural history of aortic stenosis. However, symptoms may be subtle, especially in the elderly patient who may have co-morbidities, including arthritis, lung disease, neurological disease, and frailty, that limit exercise capacity. Even if symptoms are realized, these may not be reported by the patient. Moreover, even in the truly asymptomatic patient, it is recognized that aortic stenosis is associated with a small risk of sudden death, which has been estimated at 1% per year.1

Because of difficulties in determining exactly when the symptomatic stage of aortic stenosis has developed, and because of the risk of sudden death, many efforts have been made to predict outcomes in aortic stenosis accurately. Multiple investigators have tried to characterize the clinical, electrocardiographic, haemodynamic, imaging, and biomarker features which identify the patient at risk of adverse outcome. Echocardiography has become the mainstay of diagnostic assessment in patients with aortic stenosis.

Initial efforts to predict events in aortic stenosis have focused on quantifying the severity of obstruction. More recently, the physiological consequences of the obstruction, namely the effects on left ventricular (LV) mass and systolic and diastolic function, have gained attention ( Figure 1 ). The recent, carefully conducted, multicentre study by Stewart et al. 2 was intended to combine these interests and to explore the role of tissue Doppler measures of LV systolic and diastolic function …


A high-resolution late Maastrichtian–early Danian seawater 87 Sr/ 86 Sr reference curve is constructed from two Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary (K-T boundary) sections: Bidart (France) and El Kef (Tunisia). The 87 Sr/ 86 Sr curve shows maxima at 0.3–0.4 Ma before the K-T boundary and at the K-T boundary. The first maximum could mark the onset of a major outflow of the Deccan Traps. The second maximum, a rapid 0.000 06 87 Sr/ 86 Sr, shift, extends from ∼3–4 m below to ∼1 m above the K-T boundary. This profile probably results from diagenetic smoothing of an originally sharp K-T boundary 87 Sr/ 86 Sr anomaly, rather than from a gradual process. The sharp shift could result from (1) the vaporization of the Chicxulub target rocks, (2) global wildfires, and (3) acid-rain leaching of soils and sialic surface rocks. Of these three possibilities, only Sr release by soil leaching combined with increased rainfall associated with the K-T event appears to be sufficiently large to produce the observed K-T 87 Sr/ 86 Sr anomaly.


The article mainly expounds the characteristic problem in writing teaching and also makes clear the characteristic connotation and it's natural character: admits the abundance and diversify in the students'writing thought; emphasizes that the teachers should respect the students'individual character in composition teaching; gives consideration to the students'developing differences, composition teaching should also take the students as the main acting part. The teachers should give some certain freedom when they assign a topic for composition and also give some certain opening degree when yon appraise the compositions so as to arouse perfectly the enthusiasm of the students how to write out the excellent compositions possessing the characteristics.


Information on the process menstruation and menstruation problem during menstruation is important, however not all adolescent girls receive it. They therefore need to be prepared enough to recognize and welcome menstruation. Adolescents need knowledge, emotional support and assurance that menstruation is normal and healthy. Mother are the first source of knowledge for the teen to get information on menstruation and menstruation problems. Nevertheless, many mother put this information a secret and do not communicate it because it is considered an uncomfortable topic discussed. Methods: This study was an observational study using cross sectional design with quantitative approach and qualitative approach supported by interviews. Analysis used is descriptive univariate analysis, the chi-square bivariate with 95% confidence intervals. The higher giving information between mother an adolescent girl will result in no premenstrual syndrome complaints as 5.72 times greater than in adolescents with lower information. Mother's education and the media have a meaningful relationship with Premenstrual syndrome. Interview result was show that adolescent more likely looking for information about premenstrual syndrome from friend than mother. Conclusions: Adolescents with high level of giving information about menstruation from mothers tend to have a higher knowledge about menstruation and didn't have menstruation problems. Adolescents more prepare to solve premenstrual syndrome. Communication mother daughter whose are seldom happened made difficult to bring menstruation topic. Keywords: Information, Mother-Adolescent Girl, Premenstrual syndrome


The a posteriori error estimation of finite element approximations of elliptic boundary value problems has reached some state of maturity, as it is documented by a variety of monographs on this subject (cf., e.g., [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]). There are different concepts such as • residual type a posteriori error estimators, • hierarchical type a posteriori error estimators, • error estimators based on local averaging, • error estimators based on the goal oriented weighted dual approach (cf., in particular, [3]). In this chapter, we will focus on residual type a posteriori error estimators and follow the exposition in [5].


In this paper,some improving experiments of the AH 90# road asphalt's performance were done by select the adding hydrate lime,general silicate cement.The improving mechanics of filler powder to rheologic performance of bitumen mortar was analysed.The appropriate standard to engineering application was given.


Photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical processes employing photoactive semiconductors are two key systems in harvesting sunlight for energy and environmental applications. Strategies have been formulated to improve the properties of the semiconductor for better performances. However, requirements to yield excellent performances are different in these two distinctive systems. Understanding of the underlying mechanism for the photoexcited charge transportation in relation to their photoactivities is of fundamental importance for rational design of high-performing photoactive materials, which may serve as a useful guideline for the fabrication of good photocatalysts or photoelectrodes toward sustainable solar fuels generation. Many photoactive semiconductors, including bismuth vanadate, are having inadequate charge transport properties such as low charge mobility, short lifetime, and slow surface kinetics. Standalone single photoactive semiconductors also faces the challenge of meeting the needs for large redox potentials with a sufficiently narrow bandgap for visible light absorption. Coupling two or more components into a photoactive composite may address some of these drawbacks by utilizing the strengths of the individual semiconductors. In this presentation, the charge transportation behavior of single component photoactive semiconductor based on bismuth vanadate, and the composite materials forming heterojunction with bismuth vanadate, will be examined and discussed (example of modulation of BiVO4 photocatalyst in
 Figure 1
 ).1

 Typically, crystal facet engineering, interfacing with non-photoactive secondary component, and narrowing the crystal size into quantum-confinement region, will be the three strategies to be shared with audience during the presentation. Preferential charge migration depending on the crystal facet has been reported in various photocatalysts. These promoted charge migration can be further boosted with spatially deposited cocatalysts on the selective redox sites. The manipulation of crystal facet allows the controlled electron transfer to induce 4-electron process (oxygen evolution) or 2-electron process (hydrogen peroxide evolution) in water oxidation. Nanosizing the bismuth vanadate into <10 nm region with distinctive yet interconnected crystal domains leads to the expansion of band structure. Conduction band of bismuth vanadate was expanded to energetic level capable of reducing proton into H2. The traditional O2-evolving bismuth vanadate is now demonstrating H2-producing properties.

 Figure 1:
 Time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) spectroscopy signals measured for BiVO4 and its Power-law decay fittings.
 Reference
 1. H. Wu, R. Irani, K. Zhang, L. Jing, H. Dai, H. Y. Chung, F. F. Abdi, Y. H. Ng*, Unveiling Carrier Dynamics in Periodic Porous BiVO4 Photocatalyst for Enhanced Solar Water Splitting. ACS Energy Lett. 2021, 6, 3400-3407.

 Figure 1


Thalassemia and nutritional anemia are not rare in Turkey. The coexistence of the two diseases is also possible in our country. The diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency coexisting with β-thalassemia may be challenging because β-thalassemia presence may have altered the characteristic hematological parameters [1]. The literature reveals the reports of modified expression of vitamin B12 deficiency by thalassemia [2–5]. We have followed a patient with coexisting vitamin B12 deficiency and thalassemia. The hematological parameters before and after treatment provided evidence for the diagnosis of both diseases. A 5-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital with pallor, fatigue, loss of appetite, and growth retardation. She had been pale for 3 months. The family history revealed consanguinity and she had a healthy brother. Her weight and height were 12.5 kg (3–10 per) and 102 cm (50 per). Physical examination revealed pale skin and conjunctivas, a 2/6 grade systolic murmur, 6-cm hepatomegaly, and 4-cm splenomegaly. The neurological examination was intact. On admission, the hemoglobin (Hb) was 5.5 g/dL; reticulocytes, 0.8%; red blood cell (RBC) count, 2.1 × 1012/L; hematocrit (Htc), 25%; mean corpuscular volume (MCV), 75 fL; mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), 33 pg; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), 41 g/dL; red cell distribution width (RDW), 42%; white blood cell count (WBC), 16.1×103/L; platelet count, 419 × 103/L; serum iron, 93 μg/dL; serum iron binding capacity (SIBC), 182 μg/dL; ferritin, 242 ng/mL; HbA2 level, 2.7%, and HbF level, 59.4%. Serum vitamin B12 level was 151 pg/mL (reference values: 200–1510 pg/mL) and serum folate level was 6.9 ng/mL (reference values: 3–8.8 ng/mL). All biochemical parameters were within normal reference


A new species, Arisaema melanostomum, and a new combination, A. yunnanense subsp. quinquelobatum, are proposed, described and illustrated in this article.


The invention discloses a vehicle quick alarm-receiving and action-taking system and a vehicle quick alarm-receiving and action-taking method. The system comprises a central processing platform, a GIS subsystem, a gate subsystem, a GPS positioning subsystem, and a signal control subsystem. The central processing platform is the core of the whole system, and includes an alarm positioning unit, a stroke calculation unit, a vehicle scheduling unit and a signal control unit. Real-time vehicle passing data is calculated by fully utilizing data acquired by the existing system and equipment so as to obtain the optimal alarm receiving vehicles and the optimal alarm receiving route, and traffic light control can be carried out automatically according to the vehicle travel situation, so that traffic police can reach the alarm site at highest speed for accident handling.


ABSTRACT Artificial Intelligence and Analytics (AI&A) are used in various application areas ranging from online entertainment to healthcare. The goal of this Special Issue is to focus on how AI&A are used in practice to assist organisations to create economic value, support decision making, transforming them, and enhance employees' skills such as communication, innovation, and decision-making. To derive actionable insights on the application of AI&A in practice, the five articles selected for this Special Issue feature both rigorous academic research and reflections and actionable lessons for professionals. This editorial contains a brief overview of the articles included in this special issue.


In this paper, we investigate the path following problem of a six-thruster autonomous underwater vehicle (SAUV) moving on the horizontal plane. Neural network adaptive PID control method based on NDO (BNNPID) is proposed. External disturbance and model uncertainty are taken into account in controller design. A nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO) is designed for disturbances observation. Theoretical derivation and simulation experiments have demonstrated the stability of this observer. We combine NDO and PID controller and use BP neural networks to adjust controller parameters online. In order to improve the correlation between controller parameters and system state, adaptive control is introduced. The robustness and effectiveness of the proposed controller are tested and validated through simulation results.


The evaluation of explosion-proof electrical equipment for certification is particularly important given the risk of explosion and must be minimized. This in order to ensure the safety of life, health of workers, to prevent damage to goods and the environment when they meet the essential security requirements at European level. Directive 2014/34 / EU states that equipment used in explosive atmospheres must be designed to operate without endangering the environment for which it is intende. This paper proposes the study and evaluation of the requirements for the evaluation of rotating electric machines with increased safety protection type "e". The rotating electric machines with increased safety protection type "e", in order to comply with the explosion protection, it must meet certain requirements given by the standard SR-EN 60079-7.


The proliferation of cloud computing demands live migration of virtual machines between servers in and across the data center(s). While performing the backend computation for new paradigms such as the Internet of Things, live migrations over bandwidth constrained wide area network becomes a necessity. Pre-copy migration is the prevalent live virtual machine migration technique in use. Although work has been done in optimizing the migration time based on the nature of the applications - memory dirtying pattern, extra traffic generated, etc. - none of them rightly pointed out the effect of future dirty bitmap and bandwidth information in deciding the total migration time, downtime, and the extra traffic. In this paper, our objective is to develop an optimal algorithm which will form a baseline for these values and will tell us the minimum migration time that is possible. We consider two parameters - page dirty behaviour of the application and bandwidth availability to develop the optimal algorithm. We simulate our algorithms in CloudSim and show that a good prediction of the page dirtying pattern and bandwidth can benefit the cloud service providers to save the time and load due to migrations. This will help us in quantifying the closeness of the existing optimized algorithm results with respect to the least migration time that is possible.


objected to the fcetus being likened to a viscous mass ; although it was plastic to some extent, it came mechanically under the head of rigid bodies. Version illustrated thus.-Dr. CHAMPTNEYS pointed out the importance of accurate knowledge of mechanics in practice: for instance, in the delivery of the head. The head was born by a movement of extension with advance ; if the advance were forgotten, and extension artificially produiced, the larger fronto-occipital, instead of the smaller suboccipito-frontal circumference, distended the vulva, and the perinneum was unduly stretched. He was convinced that laceration often occurred from this cause. The words revolution and rotation were familiar to all, and were most useful for teaching purposes ; a wheel rotated round its axletree, the moon revolved round the earth and also rotated. Viscosity could hardly be denied, in the face of the various forms of expression of more mobile parts or their retardation, and the fcetus could not, therefore, be regarded simply as a series of rigid levers.-Dr. MATTHEWS DUNCAN, in reply, eindorsed Dr. Champney's remarks, and stated that the movements, as described by him, had been so described by all previous good observers, and that his descriptions were not innovations as Dr. Galabin implied.


The following sections are discussed: ionosphere; long wave transmission; tropospheric refraction; refractive index; meteorological element; field-strength distribution; atmospheric scattering; attenuation; radar echoes; and absorption.


Lowering the cost of industrialized circulation in agriculture is the key of promoting the development of the industrialization of agriculture, and improving agricultural comparative benefit.In order to lower the cost of industrialized circulation in agriculture,we should relay on conglomeratized circulation carriers,improve circulation mechanism,eliminate intermediate chains, and create a circulation setup characterized by multi-channels and multi-levels.


Summary form only given. Magnetic nanofluids (MNFs) are an interesting energy harvesting source. Oil- or water-based MNFs include a certain percentage of magnetized nanoparticles (MNPs) and have unique features that vary with the strength of the external electromagnetic field [1]-[3]. For MNFs, it was proved that the electric power generation could be achieved by using waste heat energy [4]. In this work, the flow energy harvesting was experimentally and numerically investigated in a millimeter-sized channel by using an externally applied permanent magnet to control the magnetizing direction of the MNPs. When the MNF flows through a cross-sectional area of the coil loop, the electric current can be obtained by following the Faraday's law because the MNPs act as permanent magnets [5]. When the MNFs are used for flow energy harvesting, the main issue is the in-phase mode alignment of the MNPs magnetization with the coil loop. Although without the in-phase mode the electric power cannot be generated, as the net magnetization of the MNF is zero, most of the previous research works have not considered it. Thus, to implement this mode, we proposed an externally applied magnetic field generated by a cylindrically shaped permanent magnet. Short and closed Teflon tubing with a 3 mm inner diameter, containing the MNF, was located inside long silicon tubing and moved along the positive and negative direction by a pump. Then, the generated voltages were measured and exhibited similar results to those obtained analytically.


To give a general description of the influences of electric fields or currents on magnetization dynamics, we developed a semiclassical theory for the magnetization implicitly coupled to electronic degrees of freedom. In the absence of electric fields the Bloch electron Hamiltonian changes the Berry curvature, the effective magnetic field, and the damping in the dynamical equation of the magnetization, which we classify into intrinsic and extrinsic effects. Static electric fields modify these as first-order perturbations, using which we were able to give a physically clear interpretation of the current-induced spin-orbit torques. We used a toy model mimicking a ferromagnet-topological-insulator interface to illustrate the various effects, and predicted an anisotropic gyromagnetic ratio and the dynamical stability for an in-plane magnetization. Our formalism can also be applied to the slow dynamics of other order parameters in crystalline solids.


The high spatial resolution, controlled etch profiles and uniformity of etching that is achievable with ion-assisted etch processes appear to be counterbalanced with ion-induced defects introduced into the material. We describe assessments of such damage introduced into InP, and propagated into material structures regrown onto those InP substrates. Particular etch chemistries, effective for patterning InP, may have capabilities of mitigating ion-generated defects.


With the development of sub-loan crisis, the global Liquidity situation has changed.Using the panel data of the U.S.trade partnerships, the author analyzes the relation of trade deficit of US and global liquidity.The author concludes that the trade surplus with US will increase the trade partnerships domestic liquidity, and the trade deficit of US is an important channel of liquidity outflow, and it is also one of the key causes of the previous global liquidity surplus which led to the price increase of global asset.And the decreasing of consumption in the U.S.and the unfavorable balance of trade also deteriorates the global liquidity crunch.We must account for it by optimizing trade structure, adjusting exchange rate police, and strengthening coordination of global macro economic policy to solve the problems.


A multicusp-type electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma device is built with SmCo magnets and 2.45 GHz, TE11 circular-mode microwaves. DC bias can be superimposed between anode bars and a grid placed near the end surface to control the plasma. Electron energy distribution is measured by a Langmuir probe and a gridded analyzer. The plasma density is about 2×1010 cm-3 and 4×1010 cm-3 at the center and the cusp region, respectively. The equivalent electron temperature, 2/3 times the mean energy, is 4 eV and 15 eV at respective regions. The high-energy tail extends to above 100eV.


This paper analyzed three methods for predicting next location: probability model、Markov model and state model.Proposed a learning-based model based on context of ubiquitous computing environment well.Logistic regression was using to predict labels.The learning-based model could predict next location well and freely.


Opportunistic networking aims at exploiting sporadic radio links to improve the connectivity of multihop networks and to foster data transmissions. The broadcast nature of wireless channels is an important feature that can be exploited to improve transmissions by using several potential receivers. Opportunistic relaying is thus the first brick for opportunistic networking. However, the advantage of opportunistic relaying may be degraded due to energy increase related to having multiple active receivers. This paper proposes a thorough analysis of opportunistic relaying efficiency under different realistic radio channel conditions. The study is intended to find the best tradeoff between two objectives: energy and latency minimizations, with a hard reliability constraint. We derive an optimal bound, namely, the Pareto front of the related optimization problem, which offers a good insight into the benefits of opportunistic routings compared with classical multihop routing schemes. Meanwhile, the lower bound provides a framework to optimize the parameters at the physical layer, MAC layer, and routing layer from the viewpoint of cross layer during the design or planning phase of a network.


This chapter sets out the criteria for evaluation of transnational bribery law. The UN Convention against Corruption suggests that the law ought to address the problems posed by bribery effectively and efficiently in a manner compatible with due process. Legitimacy and fairness are also potentially relevant. In order to apply these precepts, the chapter considers the nature of the problems posed by bribery, how to measure the progress in mitigating those problems, and then defines the concepts of effectiveness, efficiency, due process, legitimacy, and fairness. Effectiveness can be defined in many different ways depending on whether one focuses on impacts on victims, wrongdoers, and potential victims or wrongdoers. These distinctions correspond to three traditional objectives for legal regulation, namely, compensation, condemnation, and prevention. It is also necessary to distinguish impacts on fellow nationals and foreigners.


Campylobacter jejuni/coli,' also known as C. tetus ss. jejuni2 or "a related vibrio", ' has lately been recognized as a common cause of bacterial diarrhea.4-7 In their recent review Karmali and Fleming8 discussed in detail the historical background as well as the clinical and laboratory features of campylobacter-associated diarrhea. The pathology of this illness remains to be clarified. Both the small intestine and the colon are considered to be involved in the infection.9-" Colorectal involvement in patients with campylobacter enterocolitis has recently been studied by Lambert and colleagues,13 who found that the sigmoidoscopic and histologic features may be indistinguishable from those of other forms of inflammatory bowel disease. We describe a case of severe C. jejuni/coli-associated diarrhea with radiologic involvement of the ileum and transverse colon. Therapy with erythromycin resulted in complete clinical, bacteriologic and radiologic resolution of the illness.


Epocast 50-A1/946 epoxy was primarily developed for joining and repairing of composite aircraft structural components. The Epocast epoxy was modified by ultrasonic dispersion of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) with different weight percentages. Neat epoxy (NE) and the optimum MWCNT weight percentage are used to fabricate structural adhesive joints (SAJs) with different scarf angles (5, 10, 15, 30, and 45) in carbon fiber reinforced epoxy (CFRE) composite adherends. SAJs with different scarf angles were instrumented by eight strain gauges to measure the adherend tip strains and bond line strains during tension tests. The effect of water absorption on the tensile properties of the SAJs with 5 and 10 scarf angles was investigated experimentally. Because the SAJs with 5 scarf angle have the highest tensile properties, special attention was considered to investigate their performance under elevated temperature (50, 75 and 100C) and fatigue loads. The tensile properties of the MWCNT/E-SAJs showed significant improvements compared to the neat epoxy-SAJs. Crack initiation and propagation were detected effectively using the instrumented-SAJs. The effect of water absorption has marginal effect on the tensile strengths of the SAJs. On the other hand, the tensile strengths and stiffness are dramatically decreased at elevated temperature. MWCNTs have insignificant effect on the fatigue lives of the SAJs.


This paper provides an empirical assessment of the relationship between banking, liquidity, investment, terms of trade, bank solvency ratio, financial development and economic growth in the WAEMU zone. The analysis focuses on 7 countries of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) and covers the period 1994-2015. Using the panel data approach, we show that economic growth is positively related with banking on liquidity. In addition, the results highlight the impact of bank liquidity on economic growth but mitigate when it is associated with the investment.


Against the background of the transformation of China to a modern society being in dire difficulty,the issue of land became the fundamental issue in the development of the Chinese society.Through the Agrarian Revolution,the CPC merged the farmers' need of land and the revolutionary value-orientation,abolished the feudal land ownership,and liberated the rural productive forces.This move not only effectively solved the problem of the main revolutionary driving forces of but also clarified the logic relationship between revolution and modernization.


American cities can be seen as exponents of neoliberal planning concepts implemented throughout the last half century. Also cities worldwide have followed similar or related urban development strategies for establishing economic growth. But are American cities still fit for the 21st century? Are they able to take the lead in building more sustainable urban futures? This article explores some American 'survival' strategies to cope with the economic realities, societal changes and environmental challenges of our times.


Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an infection control education (ICE) program based on digital story-telling for new graduate nurses.Methods: From June 2 to July 30, 2022, a total of 58 new graduate nurses (30 and 28 nurses in the experimental and control group, respectively) at a tertiary general hospital in D city were enrolled. The effects were evaluated using a nonequivalent control group, non-synchronized design. The effects of the program were evaluated in terms of awareness of standard precautions, performance of standard precautions, and grit.Results: Statistically significant differences between the two groups were found in the awareness of standard precautions (t=-2.18, p=.034) and the performance of standard precautions (t=-3.27, p=.002). Grit was also significantly higher in the experimental group (t=-4.17, p<.001).Conclusion: The development and application of the ICE program effectively improved the awareness of standard precautions, the performance of standard precautions, and grit among new nurses.


Every day people ask short questions through smart devices or online forums to seek answers to all kinds of queries. With the increasing number of questions collected it becomes difficult to provide answers to each of them, which is one of the reasons behind the growing interest in automated question answering. Some questions are similar to existing ones that have already been answered, while others could be answered by an external knowledge source such as Wikipedia. An important question is what can be revealed by analysing a large set of questions. In 2017,"We the Curious"science centre in Bristol started a project to capture the curiosity of Bristolians: the project collected more than 10,000 questions on various topics. As no rules were given during collection, the questions are truly open-domain, and ranged across a variety of topics. One important aim for the science centre was to understand what concerns its visitors had beyond science, particularly on societal and cultural issues. We addressed this question by developing an Artificial Intelligence tool that can be used to perform various processing tasks: detection of equivalence between questions; detection of topic and type; and answering of the question. As we focused on the creation of a"generalist"tool, we trained it with labelled data from different datasets. We called the resulting model QBERT. This paper describes what information we extracted from the automated analysis of the WTC corpus of open-domain questions.


The rheological behavior of a combined main-chain/side-chain liquid-crystalline polymer, PSHQ4−7CNCOOH, has been investigated in both the thermotropic and lyotropic states. The synthesis procedures for PSHQ4−7CNCOOH are described in a previous paper. In this study transient shear flow, steady-state shear flow, oscillatory shear flow, and time evolution of dynamic moduli upon cessation of shear flow of PSHQ4−7CNCOOH in the thermotropic state have been investigated. Only positive values of first normal stress difference (N1) in steady-state shear flow were observed over the entire range of shear rates and temperatures investigated. One of the objectives of this study was to investigate the role of the side-chain mesogenic groups (7CNCOOH), which were grafted onto the flexible methylene units of the main-chain backbone (PSHQ4), in influencing the rheological behavior of PSHQ4−7CNCOOH in the thermotropic state. Thus, for comparison, the rheological behavior of PSHQ4 was also investigated. Another objective of...


Higher education system of Georgia has been in a process of extensive reforms since 2004.The International cooperation aims to harmonize PhD education with ECTS and Bologna process that will enable students and young researchers to gain the advanced knowledge, skills and experience they require tosuccessfullypursue their professional carrier.In conjunction with the International cooperation, PhD research projects at the TSU Medical Faculty strive to fully comply with the International standards of study methodology, statistical reporting, publication and principles of good scientific and ethical conduct.The article offers a brief overview of some of the ongoing PhD projects with emphasis on expected results and significance.


The diversity of oil content and the fatty acid composition between different strains of Camellia oleifera was studied to provide a theoretical basis for the exploitation and the selection of superior strains of Camellia oleifera.As experimental materials,six strains of Camellia oleifera seeds from Jiangxi province were extracted by Soxhlet Extractor to determine the oil contents.The fatty acid components were measured by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry,GC-MS.The results indicated that the oil content of 6 strains of Camellia oleifera in descending order was following:Suijinzi(52.82%),Zhenzhuzi(51.32%),Ershuitao(50.20%),shishihongpi(50.13%),ganpingcha(47.88%),maogangdaguo(46.50%).Totally nine fatty acids were identified,i.e.,myristic acid,palmitic acid,heptadecanoic acid,stearic acid,peanut acid,palmitoleic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid and cis-11-eicosenoic,among which unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids accounted for about 70% and 27% of the fatty acid,respectively.There were some differences in terms of oil content and the fatty acid composition among different strains.It would be necessary to breed superior strains with higher oil content and higher unsaturated fatty acid content of Camellia oleifera.


We propose a new convex optimization formulation for the Fisher market problem with linear utilities. Like the Eisenberg-Gale formulation, the set of feasible points is a polyhedral convex set while the cost function is non-linear; however, unlike that, the optimum is always attained at a vertex of this polytope. The convex cost function depends only on the initial endowments of the buyers. This formulation yields an easy simplex-like algorithm which is provably strongly polynomial for many special cases. The algorithm can also be interpreted as a complementary pivot algorithm resembling the classical LemkeHowson algorithm for computing Nash equilibrium of two person bimatrix games.


Summary 1. Effect of electroshock and 18 chemical agents (pentylenetetrazole, semicarbazide, strychnine, picrotoxin, caffeine, pheniprazine, amphetamine, mescaline, LSD, phenobarbital, chloral hydrate, acetazolamide, diphenylhydantoin, meprobamate, chlorpromazine, methoxypromazine, reserpine and morphine) was determined on the level of 10 ninhydrin-reacting compounds in the rat brain (glutathione, phosphoethanolamine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, GABA, glutamine, glycine + serine, alanine, taurine and ethanolamine). 2. The convulsant agents, pentylenetetrazole, semicarbazide, strychnine, picrotoxin and electroshock as well as the excitants, pheniprazine, amphetamine and mescaline, brought about significant rises in free alanine in the brain. Lowering of the GABA levels to 60% of that of the controls was brought about by semicarbazide but not by any of the other convulsant agents. 3. Two phenothiazine tranquilizers chlorpromazine and methoxypromazine, brought about a significant rise in level of brain glutamine.


The aim of this study is to reveal the role of internal organizational communication in motivating employees in public service organizations. Data were collected from 249 surveyed employees, in the mobile telecommunications sector in Kosovo, specifically in the Vala mobile company. The collected data was analyzed by using the SPSS system. The study found that information sharing had the greatest effect on employee motivation, followed by employee involvement in decision-making. This paper can be useful for managers and heads to create an organizational culture that promotes both motivation and performance. This paper is unique as it examines the links between organizational communication, motivation, and performance.


UGO BETTI CONCLUDES AN ESSAY ENTITLED "Religion and the Theatre" with a passage that points to what lies at the center of his body• of work for the stage, work that to a superficial view, has created a texture of event that is an astounding compendium of violence. Yet, as the entire essay makes clear, Betti's restrospective glance at his work his effort to relate its significance to his era-sees in his body of plays a religious assertion: the only sort of religious assertion that is likely to be viable in the twentieth century. His work, he judges, is in contrast to plays which take a religious event (the martyrdom of Bernanos' Carmelites, for example) and works towards conclusions that are both foregone and edifying. Betti also sees his plays about ordinary human beings caught up in extraordinarily melodramatic action as in sharp contrast with dramas which exploit somewhat recondite religious difficulties, such as self-acceptance on the part of sophisticated protagonists (and here Betti would seem to hav...


With the aim of achieving a wireless harness system in an automobile engine compartment (EC), radio propagation channels from 1.5 to 8 GHz in ECs were characterized with numerous measurements. Because there are many metal objects in EC, the channel's frequency-distance interdependence was taken into account in the characterization. As a result, the path loss exponents for distance were found to be about 1 and 3 below and above 450 mm, respectively. The exponent for frequency was 0.5 to 1. The delay spread increased as distance increased at a rate of about 3 ns/m. It also exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing frequency at the far distance.


Based on the perspective of the value chain of agricultural science and technology innovation, in this paper, we divided the process of agricultural science and technology innovation into two stages: the Research and Development (R&D) of agricultural technology and the application of agricultural technology. We took the efficiency of agricultural science and technology innovation of the two stages as a comprehensive index measure for the development of agricultural science and technology innovation in China. On this basis, we used social network analysis to establish a two-stage spatial correlation network for the innovation development of agricultural science and technology in China. The spatial-temporal evolution trends, structural characteristics, and influencing factors of the network were analyzed from the three aspects of the overall, local, and individual network structure. The results show that: a. The development of agricultural science and technology innovation in China demonstrated a clear spatial correlation and spillover effect, and the spatial correlation network was in a connected state. b. The network had the distribution characteristics of 'core-edge' and strong stability, and the hierarchical structure of the members of each province in the network was gradually broken. c. The differences at the market level in agricultural science and technology, the differences in government support for agriculture, the geographically adjacent relationships, and the level of agricultural economic development were important factors affecting the spatial correlation of agricultural science and technology innovation. This study provides a policy reference to use a cross-regional coordinated development mechanism to solve the uneven and asymmetry problem of the distribution of elements in various regions in China.