BATHURST, KAY, and GOTrFRIED, ALLEN W. Untestable Subjects in Child Development Research: Developmental Implications. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1987, 58, 1135-1144 The developmental significance of unresponsive or uncooperative behavior of children in standardized developmental assessments during the preschool years was investigated. The data were based on a longitudinal study from infancy through the early school years. The developmental status of the children was assessed in the laboratory prior and subsequent to the untestable behavior. Additionally, contemporaneous reports from mothers and teachers were collected in the course of investigation. Untestable relative to testable children were significantly lower on a wide range of abilities at all ages from 12 through 72 months. These findings were based on objective tests, mothers' reports on standardized inventories, and semistructured interviews. Developmental and methodological implications are discussed.


Acquisition of multicomponent seismic data on the seafloor allows both the compressional and shear wave responses of the Earth to be recorded, thus enabling a vector-oriented approach towards seismic data processing and interpretation. To make optimal use of the vectorial nature of the recorded wavefield, the data should be decomposed into the upand downgoing Pand S-wave components just below the seabed. Most wave-equationbased decomposition techniques require precise information about the elastic properties ofthe seafloor in the immediate vicinity ofthe geophones and well-calibrated sensors that provide an accurate vector representation of the true ground motion. In practice, these conditions are usually insufficiently fulfilled, such that wavefield decomposition has yet to be widely employed in seismic data processing. To overcome the barriers that prevent the routine decomposition of field data, I have developed efficient robust methods for extracting the required apriori information from the data themselves. To estimate the elastic properties of the seafloor, I have formulated a new inversion approach based on multicomponent AVO-analysis of the seafloor reflection coefficients. Application of this approach to synthetic and field data demonstrated that the robustness and accuracy with which the seafloor properties were determined was significantly enhanced by including the amplitude information contained in all four recorded data components. For the special case of land multicomponent data, the near-surface properties can be estimated in a sirnilar fashion, provided that data are acquired using spatially dense patterns of multicomponent geophones, at least one of which should be . buried at a shallow depth. To account for the detrimental effects of imperfect sensor coupling to the seafloor and


The article uses business systems theory to analyse post-socialist Central and Eastern Europe, focusing on Hungary. The article briefly reviews five models of post-socialist capitalism — liberal market, coordinated market, heterarchy, neo-colonial and comparative business systems. The article identifies four critical features of postsocialist transformation: asset ownership, capital accumulation, access to local, national and international production systems and the degree of differentiation between state and economy. Four groups — state, privatized, de novo and international — are identified in Hungary, whose business system is segmented, exhibiting a low level of integration. This segmentation is linked to the legacies of socialism, the political history of the transition, including the international context, and uneven post-socialist economic development. The article closes with a plea for `more history and less systems' in the comparative analysis of capitalisms.


Fabrication of La0,9Ca0,1FeO3 thick film ceramics using Fe2O3 powder extracted from yarosite mineral as ethanol gas sensor has been successfully performed. Fe2O3 powder extracted from yarosite mineral as the basic material in this research can increase the added value yarosite mineral. Fe2O3 powder and 10% mol of CaO dissolved in HCl were mixed with LaCl3.7H2O powder dissolved in aquades.The solution of Fe2O3, LaCl3.7H2O and CaO mixed and then precipitate using NH4OH. The La0,9Ca0,1FeO3 precipitate was calcined at temperature 8000C for 2 hours to produce La0,9Ca0,1FeO3 powder. La0,9Ca0,1FeO3 powder was crushed and mixed with Organic Vehicle to produce a La0,9Ca0,1FeO3 paste. Using the screen printing technique, the La0,9Ca0,1FeO3 paste is coated on the alumina substrate and then fired at 600°C for 2 hours to produce the thick film ceramic La0,9Ca0,1FeO3. Based on XRD and SEM characterization data, the thick film ceramics La0,9Ca0,1FeO3 were made even though some of Fe2O3 did not react and the grain size is almost uniform, and there are many pores. Measurement of electrical characteristics shows a good response to the presence of ethanol gas, has high electrical sensitivity value and low optimum working temperature that is in the range 290°C - 295°C.


Diffusion models based on permutation-equivariant networks can learn permutation-invariant distributions for graph data. However, in comparison to their non-invariant counterparts, we have found that these invariant models encounter greater learning challenges since 1) their effective target distributions exhibit more modes; 2) their optimal one-step denoising scores are the score functions of Gaussian mixtures with more components. Motivated by this analysis, we propose a non-invariant diffusion model, called $\textit{SwinGNN}$, which employs an efficient edge-to-edge 2-WL message passing network and utilizes shifted window based self-attention inspired by SwinTransformers. Further, through systematic ablations, we identify several critical training and sampling techniques that significantly improve the sample quality of graph generation. At last, we introduce a simple post-processing trick, $\textit{i.e.}$, randomly permuting the generated graphs, which provably converts any graph generative model to a permutation-invariant one. Extensive experiments on synthetic and real-world protein and molecule datasets show that our SwinGNN achieves state-of-the-art performances. Our code is released at https://github.com/qiyan98/SwinGNN.


The research project on the classification method for thermal stability of reactive materials investigates the thermal stability of reactive materials systematically.The research is significant for fire hazard analysis and fire investigation.Some research results have been brought into the teaching of fire protection engineering,such as reactive hazard,performance of hazardous chemicals,fire protection for warehouse,identification of major hazard installations,and so on.The combination of the research and teaching has made students further understand the teaching materials.The subjective initiative,interests of students on learning has been improved and the students' creative consciousness is raised.


This paper deals with the legal notions of cession, novation, subrogation and assignation in comparative perspective and especially with regard to their understanding and treatment in the roman law. At the outset the paper presents some general legal problems connected with the legal definition of the abovementioned legal terms in order to clarify their exact legal meaning.Paper especially deals with the definitions of cessio and novatio in roman legal system according to Gaius and Justinianus and with the notion of the doctrine of res judicata.In conclusion the author proposes further analysis and reconsideration of the domestic regulation of mentioned legal institutes and avoidance of duplication in domestic legal laws and regulations with acceptance of different legal solutions from different legal systems which are not consistent with basic legal structure of the domestic legal system.


Hypertension was one of the biggest health problems in the world that characterized by increased blood pressure a person to an increased risk of other diseases, for example stroke onset. Various factors can be modified to suppress the occurrence of hypertension increase both internally and externally. Internally capability hypertensive patients control their emotions themselves to the emergence of anxiety, stress and depression are needed. A person's emotional intelligence was a person's ability to control her emotions which impact on the ability to control emotions against the onset of the stressor. This study aimed to analyze the relationship of emotional intelligence to the degree of hypertension in Tanjungsari village, District Pacitan. This research was descriptif correlative study conducted on 50 patients with hypertension in the village Tanjungsari Pacitan with proportional random sampling technique. Data collection research using questionnaires and sphygmomanometer further analyzed using Spearman rank correlation test. The results of the analysis of Spearman rank correlation values (rs) of -0.330 (p-value = 0.019) that concluded there was emotional intelligence relationship with the degree of hypertension in Tanjungsari village, District Pacitan in 2015, namely the higher the emotional intelligence, the lower the degree of hypertension. The conclusion of this study were (1) the level of emotional intelligence respondents mostly lower, (2) the degree of hypertension respondents mostly grade I (mild), and (3) there was a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and the degree of hypertension in Tanjungsari village, subdistrict Pacitan.


Kabul River Basin is one of the most significant river basins in Afghanistan from a socio-economic perspective. Since the country is located in an arid climate zone with drastically varying climatic behavior, an effective assessment of meteorological drought is very essential to managing the limited availability of water resources. For this endeavor, the outputs of three general circulation models under two representative concentration pathways (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) were used against the baseline period of 1961–1980. Different bias correction methods were applied, and the results show that the delta change method, quantile mapping method, and empirical quantile mapping all performed better for the precipitation, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature datasets, respectively. The ERA5-Land datasets and WorldClim Version 2 are used to validate the bias-corrected precipitation and temperature datasets, respectively, to determine their dependability, and the results were found to be promising. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI), Deciles Index (DI), and New Drought Index (NDI) were used to assess the drought condition in the past and forecast for the future periods of the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s. The spatial distribution of assessed drought indices was mapped using the inverse distance weighting (IDW) method. Our results revealed that moderate to extreme droughts are consistent across the entire basin. This might be because the projected annual precipitation in the river basin shows a decline of 53–65% up to the end of this century (2100), and the average annual temperature is projected to increase by 1.8 °C, 3.5 °C, and 4.8 °C, respectively, for the three future periods of the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s. Furthermore, the results show that the drought estimated by SPI and RDI for future climate scenarios is almost the same, whereas NDI estimates frequent drought events after the 2050s. However, for moderate drought, RDI, which includes the effects of evapotranspiration, was found to be far greater than SPI under both scenarios, and NDI considering temperature and precipitation also estimates a larger number of drought years, strengthening the possibility of its occurrence in the basin. A regional comparison of drought also indicates a decrease in precipitation in future periods, predominantly in high altitudes.


Lampung is one the biggest areas for planting cassava in Indonesia, approximately 119 thousand ha with a productivity of 26 tons/ha. Optimum harvest time for cassava high yield could be 10-12 months after planting (MAP). However, most farmers used to harvest cassava around 7 MAP leading to low yield. This condition needs to introduce early age of harvest cassava to achieve the alternative solution. The objective of this study were to evaluate the growth characteristics of early cassava harvest for high yield. Treatment were arranged by a single factor in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Factors were 12 cassava clones as CMR 51-61-1, CMR 51-48-17, CMR 51-48-16, UJ-3, UJ-5, Vamas, Adira, CMR 51-07-03, OMM 0806-57, CMR 51-06-16, MC 6.10.311, and Litbang UK2. In this study, the variables measured included plant height, root fresh weight, starch content, and starch yield. Result indicated that the Vamas clone had relatively low plant height. At 7 MAP, the Vamas clone showed high starch content compared to the UJ-3 clone. Low plant height and starch content could be used to detect early-harvest cassava clones at harvest of 7 MAP.


For many people in developing countries access to adequate water supply, sanitation and solid waste disposal
is crucial to achieving improvements in their quality of life. These services also have dramatic health and environmental
impacts: more than two million deaths from
diarrhoea alone could be avoided each year if all people had reasonable water and sanitation services (World Bank, 1992). In order to achieve the great improvements
in environmental quality, health, equity and economic returns which these services can bring, an approach is needed which recognises that it is essential for services to be provided in a financially viable and sustainable manner. There is widespread evidence that without an emphasis on appropriate levels of service, affordable charges and proper financial planning, service delivery fails and
the poor are once again worst off. In the light of this, a financial modelling tool has been developed to assess the impact of investments in water and sanitation services, and the implementation of different tariff and subsidy policies, on the long term financial viability and sustainability of service agencies.


We have analyzed an eddy-current brake (ECB), using calculations based on the Fourier transform method. Here, we compare our results with test results and numerical results of the finite-element code ANSYS 11.0. We use our model to study the influence of certain design parameters on the torque-speed characteristics.


Wheat was processed in chakki (CM), hammer (HM), disk (DM), pin (PM) and
roller mill (RM) with an objective of quality characterization of whole wheat flour
(atta) in relation to chapati making quality. Results indicated atta produced from
RM was cooler and had retained more moisture. Ash content was not significantly
influenced by different grinders; however, acid insoluble ash was higher at 0.063%
for the atta produced from CM. Variation in damaged starch was observed which
was 15.99, 13.76, 11.76, 10.16 and 9.1% for CM, HM, DM, PM and RM ground
atta, respectively. Farinograph water absorption of CM ground atta was highest at
85% and least for RM ground atta (71.5%). Overall quality of chapati prepared
from CM atta scored higher and had better texture and desirable wheaty aroma.
Studies revealed that atta quality parameters and its chapati making quality varied
with processing techniques.
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
Out of around 94 million metric tons wheat produced in India annually, about 50–55
million metric tons (MMT) is processed to obtain atta. This makes atta one of the
major products made from the wheat, and is consumed mainly in the form of chapati.
Traditionally, Indian families process a smaller quantity of atta in the chakkis, a pair of
stonemills and consume fresh. This practice is however slowly dying in the larger cities
as they are opting for packaged atta because of busy lifestyles and increased disposable
income. Packaged atta industry is witnessing a growth of 25% annually. Because of the
increased demand, there is a need to have more options for the higher capacity production
of atta, and the study is carried with an objective to study effects of various
processing techniques on different quality


This essay discusses attempts that have been made to explain the striking similarities between two theories propounded in 1905 by Albert Einstein and Henri Poincaré without any mutual reference.


It is a basic perspective of educational history to rebuild the historical facts about scholar nurturance based on selection system and educational institutions.As far Jinshi in Gansu is concerned,their cultivation is a result of many factors,such as comprehensive tour,fosterage of local officials,financial support of family,educational background,marriage connections.Their final success in the imperial examination help recognize the importance of the above factors.


This study assessed the extent to which corporate governance shape the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and financial performance of listed non-financial services companies in Nigeria. The study used ex-post facto research design and secondary data were obtained from the reports of the twenty three (23) sampled listed non-financial services companies from 2008 to 2017. The sample was arrived at using census sampling technique where all the elements were used for the study. The data for the study were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation and GLS Fixed Effect with the aid of Stata Version 14.0. Robustness tests such as multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, normality test of residuals, Hausman specification test and F-Test were conducted to validate the results. The result showed the coefficients and t-values for size of the board as (ceff=0.0002, t=0.07), for independence of the board as (ceff=0.02, t=0.43) and for gender diversity of the board as (ceff=0.04, t=0.94), which implied that size of the board, gender diversity of the board and independence of the board all have positive and insignificant moderating effects on the association of CSR and firms' financial performance. This study recommends that SEC should integrate CSR reporting into CG reforms in Nigeria and that management of listed companies in Nigeria should put machinery in place which would address the concerns of stakeholders regarding the environment, ethics, health and safety, as well as, establish committees on CSR activities as a strategic component of the firm's broader CG strategy.


The aims of this study were to address three related questions: (1) Do the photosensitive ganglion cells of the mouse convey light information to the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) at P0? (2) Do the differentiating rods and cones contribute to light‐evoked FOS induction within the murine SCN at P4? (3) How does light‐evoked FOS induction within the SCN of melanopsin knockout (Opn4−/−) mice differ at P4 and P14? Our approaches took advantage of the published descriptions of murine ocular development, melanopsin knockout (Opn4−/−) mouse, and light‐induced expression of FOS (the phosphoprotein product of immediate early gene c‐fos) within the SCN as a marker of retinohypothalamic tract competence. Collectively, our results show that photosensitive melanopsin‐dependent retinal ganglion cells provide light information to the murine SCN on the day of birth, and possibly beforehand, and that developing rods and cones fail to provide light information to the SCN during early postnatal life. On the basis of previous publications and data presented here, we suggest that at ages around P14 the rods and cones might be capable of fully compensating for the loss of melanopsin‐photosensitive ganglion cells if exposure to light is of sufficiently long duration. These results are related to the broader context of recent findings and the potential role(s) of a neonatal photoreceptor.


During Russia's industrializing period, Есенин wrote a lot of pastoral poems that express his love of nature, his reminiscence for pastoral life and his worry about the damage by industrialization and technology. These poems have been criticized, but from the perspective of ecological criticism, we can find that his pastoral poems reveal a strong ecological sense, and they influence today's world positively.


We are now living in times of global business activity and the knowledge economy. Knowledge-based resources represent the organizational Know-how as the knowledge of employees, organizational production processes, and overall knowledge of one collective. Knowledge management
has long been recognized as a factor necessary for the development of business organizations. Only those managers that embrace knowledge as the most important resource can expect to be better positioned than the competition.
Know-how is very important segment of overall knowledge that is deposited within the organization. The value of knowledge is much more important than all other forms of assets that an organization possesses. But knowledge cannot be communicated without the interested employees. So, managers have to create the business environment which uses adequate business communication.
Good communication stimulates ideas and creativity of employees.
Management must be able to manage business information and achieve active participation in
communication with employees and exchange the intellectual capital values with them.


A single integral expression is derived from, and found computationally more efficient than the double integral given in Hochberg and Tamhane 1987, (eq. 2.7) p. 141, when the total sample size is large. The integrand of the single integral contains a series, of which the first three terms are retained here as an approximation. Both the approximate formula and the double integral are compared numerically using Gauss-Hermite quadratures. For large sample size, the new formula takes much less computing time to converage to a probability value which agrees, to at least three decimal places, with the value from the double integral. This advantage of the new formula is seen for moderate total sample size, 30, and becomes more evident as sample size increases. Simpson's rule is found much slower than Gaussian quadrature when applied to the double integral. Critical values, for P=0.05 and 0.01, computed via both single and double integrals are found very close to those by SAS, PROC GLM, which uses harmonic mean a...


Depolymerization of cellulose is a significant part of the challenge in converting lignocellulosic biomass to valuable products such as monomeric sugars. Aiming to develop a new approach for efficient depolymerization of cellulose, we explored a sequential combination of organic acid (oxalic acid, OA) and base (tetramethylammonium hydroxide, TMAH). In hydrolysis reactions of cellulose at 150 °C, we demonstrated the enhancing effect of a sequential combination on its conversion. In two-step experiments, the highest conversion (73.0%) was achieved when the reaction with acid was followed by that with base (OA-TMAH sequence), which is greater than the prolonged treatment with either acid or base alone. In the residue after the reaction with OA, a more disordered, amorphous-like structure was present compared to raw cellulose and the sample after that with TMAH alone, as evidenced by 13C cross-polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (CPMAS NMR) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) measureme...


Maylis Bayle has had the advantage of a dual training in history and the history of art. She is a director of research at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Universite de Paris I), author of a work on the Romanesque sculpture of Normandy, and an authority in the field of Romanesque monumental art. A method of rigorous analysis that integrates physical examination and stylistic study has enabled her to follow the activity and the advances of the workshops of sculptors in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, particularly in Normandy, their links with English art well before 1066, and the importance of Burgundy and the Ile-de-France in the transmission of artistic developments. The sculpture of the eleventh century is closely related to the styles of miniature painting and the luxury arts these rapports are maintained for a long time in Normandy, England and Scandinavia, where they persist well beyond the end of the Romanesque period. These contacts between scriptoria and sculptors, along with an obvious community of styles between the various forms of artistic creation, constitute a recurring 'leitmotiv' through this collection of articles and lead to a new approach to Romanesque art. Another aspect of Maylis Bayle's work relates to techniques of construction and the history of medieval architecture, with several points of interest: the artistic revival around the year 1000 and the relations attested then between Normandy, Maine, Anjou, Beauvais and England, and the structure of walls and techniques of vaulting. Monographs of monuments constituting significant stages of this development, in Normandy, the Loire, Champagne and the Bourbonnais illustrate various aspects of these problems. For some earlier articles, Dr Bayle has added a scientific and bibliographical update.


The article identifies the new South Africa as one of relatively few states that have experienced radical changes of direction in foreign policy. After identifying some of the likely policy implications associated with this change, the greater pan of the article suggests that there are enormous consequent implications for the International Relations community in South Africa. The implications for research and teaching are identified, some key research agenda issues suggested, together with some of the educational and organisational implications of the necessary engagement of International Relations scholars in the new South Africa with this new agenda and a wider community of scholars.


A simple direct titrimetric method for the assay of captopril as raw material and also in pharmaceutical formulation by the principle of redox titration method using potassium permanganate solution is developed. IP 1996 describes HPLC analysis for captopril tablet and Iodometric method for the assay of raw material. The method developed is not only economical but also gives accurate, precise, and reproducible results both fo r the raw material and in tablet formulation . Thi s method is sensitive enough to respond to small amounts of captopri l. Common excipients do not interfere with the developed method.


In this paper an innovative passive clutch based on magnetorheological fluids (MRF) and electrodynamic effects is presented. The excitation system induces eddy currents on some conductive materials, producing an electromagnetic torque. This torque is added to that of the MRF, helping the clutch engagement. The device has been analyzed by means of a FEM code and a set of measurements on a prototype has been performed.


Abstract This article by Jules Winterton, CEO of BAILII, is an expanded version of the presentation he delivered as the Willi Steiner Memorial Lecture 2022. The article briefly recounts the history of the British and Irish Legal Information Institute (BAILII) and its achievements, the features of the service and the challenges of publishing judgments. It sets BAILII in the context of recent government initiatives and outlines plans for the future of BAILII.


To assess the efficacy of Dexmedetomidine in blunting hemodynamic stress response during endotracheal intubation and to assess the hemodynamic compromise occurred during the induction of Dexmedetomidine. After obtaining Ethics Committee approval, 60 patients undergoing CABG* were chosen for the study. The study was designed in a placebo controlled, double blinded, randomized, prospective fashion. The patients will be randomly separated into two groups i.e. Placebo (PLA, n1=30) and Dexmedetomidine (DEX, n2=30). Pre medication with Injection Midazolam 0.04mg/kg, Injection Butarphanol 0.02mg /kg is done. Monitoring with 12 lead ECG, Invasive BP (Radial artery catheter), Pulmonary artery pressure (Pulmonary artery catheter), Urine output, Pulse oximeter and Temperature monitoring is done. Dexmedetomidine group received total dose of 1 microgram/kg Dexmedetomidine diluted in 100ml NaCl solution in 15 min. Placebo group will receive 100 ml of NaCl solution in 15 min. Hemodynamic measurements will be repeated after administration of Dexmedetomidine and placebo 1(t3), 3(t4) and 5(t5) minutes after intubation. CABG is performed off pump with normothermia. Dexmedetomidine at dose of 1ugm/kg body weight diluted in 100 ml of 0.9% N.S. over 15 minutes before induction preoperatively significantly obtunded the haemodynamic stress responses to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation without significant side effects (like hypotension and bradycardia). Use of Dexmedetomidine preoperatively significantly obtunded the haemodynamic stress responses to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation and this drug can be used regularly in ICU setting as alternative to other drugs because of its lower side effects.


This paper introduces a test-bench concept for high power variable frequency drives that can work reliably also with a weak and power limited grid. Experimental results are shown for a 10MW+ drive test bench with only a remote 1.25MVA feeding transformer supply. Common "pump-back" configurations circulate the test bench power via the supply grid. This produces huge distortions and potential instabilities with weak grids. Hence, we circulate the power via a virtual 50 or 60 Hz grid that is not connected to the feeding grid. Only the losses are fed from the grid directly to the dc-link of one test-bench VFD via a simple diode rectifier. Since the total system losses are typically only about 10% of the rated powers, the corresponding grid disturbances are significantly reduced. The implemented test-bench is utilizing a virtual machine but the concept can also be combined with a real motor-generator set.


From 1938 to 1942, Hu Shi served as ambassador to the United States for the National Government, beginning his diplomatic career in times of war. This article introduces comments from different sources on Hu Shi's diplomatic career: from his compatriots at home, from the political and diplomatic celebrities of the base country United States, the enemy country Japan, and from the academic circle of his time. To solve the problems in these studies, this article suggests five criteria in this regard.


The cometabolic strategy, using ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was less promising at large-scale conditions probably due to the short hydraulic re-tention time of the filter. WP6 analysed the regulatory, safety, financial and environmental aspects of the developed technologies using cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) approaches. The CBA and LCIA showed that the BIOTREAT metabolic strategy was competitive to granular activated carbon treatment being the most likely competitor technology to the BIOTREAT technology. degrading Several and were enriched and screened for their ability to degrade a selected group of micropollutants via cometabolic degradation pathways. Mainly sulfamethoxazole and benzotriazole were found to be degraded by methane oxidizing bacterial (MOB) enrichment cultures. The degradation, however, was always most rapid when no methane monooxygenase inhibitors or antibiotics were added, confirming the degradation being due to cometabolic activity by MOB having broad spectred methane oxidizing enzymes. Test for cometabolic degradation of micropollu-tants were also performed with several different commercially available ammonia oxidizing bacterial (AOB) cultures. The compounds tested were atenolol, BTZ, sulfamethoxazole (SMX), Chloro-BTZ (Cl-BTZ), mecoprop and diclofenac. These tests showed removal efficiencies for most of the compounds, but only partly due to cometabolic degradation. For BTZ a removal ef-ficiency of > 90% could be achieved in the biological treatment without inhibition of nitrifica-tion, but as the test with inhibitor present also showed a degradation of around 60%, it can be concluded that roughly 30% of the removal was due to cometabolic degradation by the present AOB. Some compounds such as atenolol showed heterotrophic degradation being the only rel-evant pathway for the disappearance of this compound, but SMX did only show removal when nitrification was taking place. parameters of substrate utilization kinetics estimated at high concentrations can accurately predict substrate utilization at lower concentrations under AOC-restricted conditions. Multiphasic kinetics was not observed. While our data cannot disprove the existence of multiple, concentration-dependent uptake and transformation systems in bacteria that lead to observed shifts in substrate kinetics at low concentrations, our data is consistent with our hypothesis that observed shifts in kinetics could be the result of shifts from single substrate utilization to mixed substrate utilization. Published data suggest that shifts to mixed-substrate utilization can likewise result in shifts in kinetics. of 9-CA-ADIN. Decarboxylation, hydroxylation and oxidation of formed hy-droxyl-group to the respective ketone waterworks Microbial community composition facing abiotic of cometabolical diclofenac, CBZ, and BTZ in oxidizing cul-tures (MOB). Cu-limitation has to co-metabolic degradation of organic chemicals by Significant cometabolic removal (81%) was only observed in Cu-starved cultures degrading BTZ. A linear correlation between the consumption of CH4 [mmol/l medium] versus the removed BTZ [mmol/l medium] was seen showing a clear link between BTZ degradation and CH4 oxidation activity of the culture.


The invention discloses a laterite-nickel ore clean production method. The method comprises the following steps: brown iron type laterite-nickel ore hydrochloric acid normal-pressure leaching, selective leaching of serpentine type laterite-nickel ore in the above obtained acid leachate, a hydrolysis coupling reaction, and separation and purification of oxides containing Fe and Si to prepare fine iron powder and SiO2 for the building material industry. The method can solve the problems of difficult treatment and large acid consumption of traditional normal-pressure leachates of the laterite-nickel ore, and realizes the separation and comprehensive utilization of Ni, Co and Fe.


In five experiments visual processing of sentences containing either a more frequent or a less frequent usage of an ambiguous word was examined. When prior or subsequent context was pragmatically related to the relevant sense of the ambiguous word, sentences intending the more frequent sense produced longer ambiguity detection times and shorter immediate comprehension times than sentences intending the less frequent sense. This relative frequency effect was not obtained in comprehension of corresponding unambiguous sentences containing relatively high or low frequency unambiguous synonyms of the senses. These results suggest that access of ambiguous word-senses tends to occur in order of relative frequency, and that multiple access of senses tends only to occur for low frequency usages. When the preceding verb imposed selection constraints on which sense could follow, the frequency effect did not occur consistently; and it was virtually eliminated when biasing context took the form of a previous sentence containing an unambiguous synonym of the relevant sense. Implications for models of access of unambiguous words in sentences, as well as for models of processing ambiguous sentences, are considered.


In electroluminescent devices electrons move every half period from the cathodic to the anodic interface of the phosphor layer and excite atoms which can lose their energy by the emission of a photon. It has been found experimentally by others that the efficiency for excitation of the luminescent atoms is largest close to the cathodic interface. By comparing transient measurements with the steady state situation we show that in steady state the efficiency is reduced and the difference between cathodic and anodic efficiency is larger. Both phenomena could be ascribed to creation of positive space charge during the first current pulses.


This work presents a methodology for determining the condition of the elements of the hydraulic steering system with a hydraulic amplifier of a rack type in certain characteristic parameters under laboratory conditions. Presents the basic malfunctions, reasons which causing them and the parameters which can identify them. Represented are experimental results of parameters characterizing a typical faults of components of the steering system.


Pseudocereals are plants that produce fruits or seeds which are used and consumed as grains, though botanically pseudocereals are neither grasses nor true cereal grains. Pseudocereals are typically high in protein and other nutrients, gluten free and are considered whole grains. Many so-called "ancient grains" are pseudocereals. These pseudocereals include amaranthus, buckwheat and quinoa mainly. The family Amaranthaceae is generally considered as the "Amaranth family." The word Amaranthus is basically derived from the Greek word "Anthos" (Flower) which means everlasting or unwilting.


Growth in U.S. rail freight demand, especially for intermodal and coal, is leading to capacity constraints on key corridors. The costs of building new rail lines are often prohibitive, and the industry needs to find other solutions for increasing capacity. Electronically Controlled Pneumatic (ECP) braking combined with new Positive Train Control (PTC) systems have the potential to double the traffic density on existing double-track rail corridors, as well as increase average network speeds. This has the potential to support the projected increase in rail traffic over the next 20 years, without needing significant additions to track infrastructure. Implementation of ECP and PTC is challenging, and will require close cooperation between railroads, car owners, shippers, railroad suppliers, and the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA).Copyright © 2007 by ASME


Dissertation Submitted to Mzumbe University Dar es Salaam Campus College in Partial fulfillment of the requirements for Award of Masters of Business Administration – Corporate Management of Mzumbe University


Research into Carbon Nano Horns or Cones (CNCs) started almost at the same time as the discovery of CNTs in 1991. The official report of the discovery of isolated Nano Cones was made in 1993, when Ge and Sattler from the University of Hawaii reported their observations of Carbon Cones mixed together with tubules on a flat graphite surface. The products were generated by quenching hot carbon vapor on th e substrate. Ge and Sattler also predicted that five apex angles, 19.2°, 38.9°, 60°, 86.6°, and 123.6°, could be used to distinguish CNCs. However, only the angle of 19.2° was found in the opening angles of their samples. The observed cones were up to 24 nm in length and 8 nm in base diameter. At that time, most of researchers focused on the investigation of CNTs, and the exploration of horns attracted little attention. Present paper converse about the structure and elastic moduli of these less explored nanostructures. The second‐generation reactive bond order potential by Brenner and coworkers has been use...


Multilayers containing Ni and Ti have been investigated for their applications in neutron-optical devices. These multilayers exhibit low neutron reflectivity when sputtered in Ar owing to large interface roughness and interdiffusion. While attempting to improve the interface smoothness by reactive sputtering of Ni in partial pressures of Ar and air, stress and embrittlement develops. Stress and x-ray diffraction measurements on Ni films and multilayers reveal a transition that is attributed to the occupancy of the interstitial sites by nitrogen and oxygen atoms. After identifying appropriate sputtering conditions so as to keep both macroscopic and local stresses within a tolerable limit, we have successfully prepared several supermirrors having 600–1200 layers yielding critical angles of reflection from 3.65 to 4.15 times that of bulk Ni.


Pastoralist communities in Northern Kenya face increasing water security risks attributable to disruptions in their socio-ecological environments. Sedentarized pastoralists, women, and children are...


This paper reports the separation and determination of Fe(Ⅲ),Co(Ⅱ),Ni(Ⅱ),Cu (Ⅱ),and Ⅴ(Ⅴ) by reversed-phase HPLC with 4-(2-benzothiazolylazo) resorcinol as a precol-umn derivatizing reagent.On C8 column,the five complexes can be separated quantitatively in the mobile phase of 68/32 (Ⅴ/Ⅴ) methanol/water system (containing 2 mmol/L tetrabutyiam-monium bromide(TBA·Br),pH 4.2 HAc-NaAc buffer solution.The detection limits are 2.5×10-1 ng for Cu,9×10-2 ng for V,1.3×10-1ng for Co,1.4×10-1 ng for Fe and 2.9×10-1 ng for Ni,respectively,when signal-to-noise ratio is 2.The method has been used in the analysis of reagent grade hydrochloric acid,and the results are satisfactory.


A home-auxiliary robot system based on characteristics of the electrooculogram (EOG) and tongue signal is developed in the current study, which can provide daily life assistance for people with physical mobility disabilities. It relies on five simple actions (blinking twice in a row, tongue extension, upward tongue rolling, and left and right eye movements) of the human head itself to complete the motions (moving up/down/left/right and double-click) of a mouse in the system screen. In this paper, the brain network and BP neural network algorithms are used to identify these five types of actions. The result shows that, for all subjects, their average recognition rates of eye blinks and tongue movements (tongue extension and upward tongue rolling) were 90.17%, 88.00%, and 89.83%, respectively, and after training, the subjects can complete the five types of movements in sequence within 12 seconds. It means that people with physical disabilities can use the system to quickly and accurately complete life self-help, which brings great convenience to their lives.


I will explore the three foundations for union strength and success that were present in Waterloo: organization and representation, political activism/awakening, and community outreach. Unions' solidarity and strength can be attributed to these foundations, but they also created limitations that led to the local unions' decline in Waterloo. Part I focuses on the relationship between organization and representation and the political awakening in 1947. It argues that Waterloo unions' political activism from 1947 to 1964 expanded the local's presence in the community. Campaigning, electing candidates who were members of a union, and developing a labor agenda resulted in positive growth for the locals. After the election of 1964, labors' new found majority with the Democrat Party resulted in limited policy changes. It splintered the locals' shared political agenda that weakened Waterloo unions' solidarity in the community. Part II looks at the third foundation, community outreach. It argues the UAW Local 838 "Brown Bag" Committee, a social aid organization, did more than provide food for needy community members. It served a social and cultural role in the community during the severe economic downturn of the 1980s. Having exposed this problem, the union was eventually replaced in solving it, by a better funded agent of the local government. Waterloo unions' built a foundation from organization and representation, political activism, and community outreach that was successful throughout the twentieth century. However, that success led to members diminishing the collectiveness of the union, along with the impacts of the Cold War, the Great Society, the Civil Rights Movement and the Vietnam War, contributed to the decline of labor in Waterloo. UNIONS IN WATERLOO, IOWA: HOW ORGANIZATION, POLITICAL ACTIVISM, AND COMMUNITY OUTREACH LED TO THE RISE AND FALL OF ORGANIZED LABOR, 1947-1990 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts Dylan Christian Krauter Keller University of Northern Iowa


As an important economic center and opening coastal city of China,Qingdao enjoys its unique advantages to accelerate the development of the exports.Export has gradually become the main force in regional economy.From the data in recent 20 years,it indicated that the total value of exports has certain impact on the changes in industrial structure.The author has analyzed the relations between,by using theoretical analysis and empirical analysis,treat the total export and the changes in industrial structure of Qingdao as the research objects,obtaining the relations among them.This thesis also suggests guide the industry of exporting to the high added value,construct the export industry chain,inject technological factor to drive the whole development of industry,strengthen international cooperation,consider lagging influence and carry on the policy for a long time.


Intricately interwoven topologies have been continually synthesized and are ultimately equally versatile and significant at the nanoscale level; however, reports concerning ravel structures, which are highly entwined new topological species, are extremely rare and fraught with tremendous synthesis challenges. To solve the synthesis problem, a tetrapodontic pyridine ligand L1 with two types of olefinic bond units and two Cp*M-based building blocks (E1, M=Rh; E2, M=Ir) featuring large conjugated planes was prepared to perform the self-assembly. Two unprecedented [5+10] icosanuclear molecular 4-ravels containing four crossings were obtained by parallel-displaced π···π interactions in a single-step strategy. Remarkably, reversible structural transformations between 4-ravel and the corresponding metallocage could be realized by concentration changes and solvent- and guest-induced effects. X-ray crystallographic data and NMR spectroscopy provide full confirmation of these phenomena.


Picbreeder is an online service that allows users to collaboratively evolve images. Like in other Interactive Evolutionary Computation (IEC) programs, users evolve images on Picbreeder by selecting ones that appeal to them to produce a new generation. However, Picbreeder also offers an online community in which to share these images, and most importantly, the ability to continue evolving others' images. Through this process of branching from other images, and through continually increasing image complexity made possible by the NeuroEvolution of Augmenting Topologies (NEAT) algorithm, evolved images proliferate unlike in any other current IEC systems. Participation requires no explicit talent from the users, thereby opening Picbreeder to the entire Internet community. This paper details how Picbreeder encourages innovation, featuring images that were collaboratively evolved.


"Sic transit..." documents the proceedings of 'South Eastern Europe-Japan University Cooperation Network Student Forum' held at the University of Tsukuba in 2010. The proceedings comprise individual research papers as well as reports of the two discussion sessions and overall Forum evaluation. While the individual papers discuss issues from each researcher's specific field of expertise under the Forum umbrella theme, the discussion sessions address a wide range of issues and problems concerning language and society from an essentially trans-disciplinary perspective. 要旨 "Sic transit..."(かくして...は過ぎ去る)は、2010年に筑波大学において開催された「南東欧・日本学生知的交流会議」の報告書です。本報告書は、個々の論文ならびに2つのディスカッション・セッション報告と学生会議に対する総評を収めています。各論文においては、統一テーマの枠内で、研究者が各自の専門領域から問題を論じているのに対して、2つのディスカッション・セッションにおいては、本質的に領域横断的な視点から、言語と社会に関する広範な論点と課題を取り上げています。


In the current educational reform of our country,changes have taken place in key elements of education such as educational concept,value orientation of education,philosophical views of teachers,teachers' view and students' views.Only by adapting to theses changes and properly handling the relationship between practical teaching and traditional teaching,can we improve teaching quality and train high-caliber talents.


The genus Epichlorops Becker was known to distribute only in the Holarctic Region. Here it is recorded from the Oriental Region and also from China for the first time. One new species, Epichlorops yunnanenis sp. nov., is described from Oriental China. One species, Epichlorops puncticollis (Zetterstedt), is newly recorded from Palaearctic China. A key to the species of the genus from China is presented.


The present invention relates to cutting tool insert consisting of a tungsten carbide based hard metal substrate and a coating. The hard metal consists of about 4-15 wt-% binder phase with face centered cubic structure and a composition of 35-65 wt-% Fe and 35-65 wt-% Ni in addition to dissolved elements. As a result, inserts have been produced with at least as good performance in machining as conventional state-of-the-art inserts with Co-based binder phase. The insert can be applied in milling and turning of low and medium alloyed steels as well as stainless steels.


The invention relates to a constructive unit comprising a valve (12) BROADCASTING FOR ASSIGNMENT OF LIQUIDS ARE UNDER PRESSURE, mousses, gels or the like and a bag (24) WELD BASED sheet material flexible, placeable IS THROUGH A HOLE (23) closable with a lid (25) of a container (22) EXTERIOR. AS THE INTERIOR OF THE BAG THIS SIDE made from polyethylene or polypropylene, it must consist PART welded or VALVE WITH HER emission of the same material. Thereby, it is disadvantageous THE polyethylene or polypropylene NOT ENOUGH tearproof and also permeable AGAINST MEDIA ORGANICOS. THE OBJECTIVE IS TO GET THE INVENTION a previously known structural unit THAN ON MEDIA AND ORGANIC LEAKY tearproof, AND CAN BE WELDED WITH RESPECT TO OTHER BAGS. This objective is achieved in such a way that within the BAG (24) There is a small tube (58) EXTRACTION, attachable THROUGH FOIL BAG AS WELL AS LOW CONNECTION MIDDLE OF A RING (32) SEALING WITH BODY (14) vALVE vALVE (12) eMISSION, containing between INTERIOR (52) BAG AND BODY (14) vALVE A SMOOTH UNION. The tube (58) EXTRACTION AND / OR THE BODY (14) VALVE IS MADE UP OF A MATERIAL INSURANCE BREAK NOT PERMEABLE ESPECIALLY AGAINST MEDIA AND ORGANIC IMMEDIATELY IN THE STRETCH (34), WHICH IS IN CONTACT WITH THE BAG (14) on the tube (58) eXTRACTION, provided with a surface provided ESPECIALLY A LINING (36) BASED MATERIAL WITH GOOD WELDING ARRANGEMENT WITH fOIL BAG.


This review focuses on methods for trajectory prediction of moving entities (i.e., pedestrian workers and heavy construction equipment) in construction. To the authors' knowledge it is the first review on trajectory prediction devoted to construction safety. Through a bibliometric analysis of the relevant literature, it examines the input data and prediction models used for trajectory prediction in dynamic and complex construction environments. Several techniques are available to perform prediction and their performance varies widely. Various types of data is being used, however, so far v ision-based data is the major input to the models. Hence, computer-vision techniques are deployed for object tracking to infer the locations of the construction resources in almost entirely outdoor environments. This review concludes with an overview of the gaps, challenges, and future research steps for trajectory prediction relevant for researchers as well as practitioners working on reducing occupational health and safety hazards on construction sites.


Metanephric adenoma is an uncommon and distinct clinicopathologic entity, recently described among benign epithelial kidney tumors. The authors report a case of a metanephric adenoma in a 70-year-old man. Because of its benign clinical course, it is important to distinguish metanephric adenoma from renal cell carcinomas and adult Wilms' tumor for which it is usually mistaken. Clinical, pathologic features and diagnostic problems of the case are discussed.


There is finally relief from "gag clauses," which prevented pharmacists from telling patients they can pay a lower out-of-pocket cost for certain prescriptions than the copay with their health insurance.


A convenient synthetic route to 2,3-diarylbenzo[b]thiophene derivatives via Ag-catalyzed intermolecular oxidative cyclization between bench-stable N-arylthio succinimides and unactivated internal alkynes is demonstrated herein. The reaction indicates a broad scope, facilitating the construction of diverse arrays of π-conjugated 2,3-diaryl substituted benzothiophenes. The method involves oxidative cleavage of the S–N bond and annulation of alkynes with the concurrent 1,2-S-migration to yield benzo[b]thiophenes.


Nearly 40 years after the publication of Nicholas Negroponte's "Soft Architecture Machine", the experimental nature of computational architecture continues to raise questions related to our perception of the architectural object, and in particular the way it expresses the instability of our world. For Negroponte, two prevailing models define the relation between the object and its environment. The first is qualified as "problem solving" and engages with the building of models that view the world as a set of well-defined parameters. These context-oriented parameters continuously compose, decompose and recompose our perception of the world while assuring a "comprehensive whole". The second model is coined as "problem worrying" and takes in consideration the meaning of the context in which the experiment takes place. Here, past experiences, learning processes, sensory control and psychological stimulus between man and machine are seen as primary sources of interaction. As Negroponte acknowledges, it is rather difficult, if not severely simplistic, to classify experiments in computational architecture solely on such bipartition. And yet, in the following notes on the nature of today's experimentation in computational architecture, I propose to assess the relation between these two models, which I would call respectively deductive and inductive experimental models. This consideration is crucial today if considering the persistent dialogue between morphogenetic models and atmospheric desires that inhabit the world of digital architecture since the first experiments of Ivan Sutherland.


This paper aims at investigating the properties of problematic time series data with outliers and missing values problems by applying the Sequential Panel Selection Method (SPSM) using Panel KSS unit root test with a Fourier Function. The problematic time series data refer to the real-industrial-data which comprise of the Malaysian construction materials price indices monthly data from January 1980 to December 2013, with base 100 in year 1980 covering four states of Malaysian Peninsular central region; Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Melaka and Negeri Sembilan. The method used in this study is powerful to classify the whole panel using structural breaks as well as nonlinearity control, and determines which series in the panel are stationary processes. The empirical results found that the series of Aggregates, Sand and Roof Materials price indices are all stationary even though there exist different severity of outliers problem and interpolated missing values in the data. The missing values interpolation techniques with respect to this study are nearest neighbor, linear, piecewise cubic spline, shape-preserving piecewise cubic, and their significance based on bootstrap p-values are also shown in this paper. This initial test is important to be considered before any further attempts of time series or forecast modeling can be implemented on the data. The findings are important for the policy makers, contractors as well as subcontractors to further forecast the future prices of construction materials and soon assist them in tender bidding before any agreements on construction projects are made.


The key to strengthening the reigning power construction for local parties lies in the realization of the "Three Unification": the unification of sticking to the leadership of CCP (Chinese Communist Party), the people being the masters and administering a country according to law. In this aspect, the insufficient ideological cognition is the common problems in local parties as a result of vague understanding of the basic theory, basic concept and basic relationship of the leadership and construction of CCP. The solution to this problem is to strengthen legal education and to reinforce legal construction. The working focus of local parties should be laid on leading and supporting the work of People's Congress Council and its standing committee at all levels, improving the leadership of the party, ensuring the independent function of judicial body, amplifying the communication mechanism between the Party and the public, and maintaining the closest relationship between the Party and the People.


Due to the high spatial resolution requirements especially for urban information systems, aerial photography has been used as standard imaging input. The advent of new satellites with a resolution of better than 1m (e.g., IKONOS, Quickbird) and digital airborne scanners with excellent geometric fidelity and high spatial resolutions in the cm range (e.g., HRSC, ADS, DMC, Ultracam), however, challenges the analog airphoto techniques. These airborne and spaceborne high resolution sensors offer an advanced potential for generating and updating GIS databases especially for urban areas. Highest resolution for all sensors is obtained in their panchromatic mode whereas the multispectral information is usually acquired at lower resolutions. The ratio between the panchromatic and the multispectral resolution is usually in the order of 1:2 to 1:8. Especially for vegetation analyses and urban sprawl quantification, multispectral information is a mandatory requirement. To obtain multispectral image data with high spatial resolution, multispectral and panchromatic images have to be merged (pansharpening). Image transforms such as the Intensity-HueSaturation (IHS) or Principal Component (PC) transforms are widely used to fuse panchromatic images of high spatial resolution with multispectral images of lower resolution. These techniques create multispectral images of higher spatial resolution but usually at the cost that these transforms do not preserve the original color or spectral characteristics of the input image data. The FZG has developed a new method for image fusion that is based on the standard IHS transform combined with filtering in the Fourier domain. This method preserves the spectral characteristics of the lower resolution images. Using this spectral characteristics preserving fusion method, multispectral images can be pansharpened without changing their spectral characteristics.


Background: Oral environment stabilization (OES) procedure in literature includes filling of the carious lesions & extraction of effected teeth. This study was aimed to observe the effects of Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) on Streptococcus mutans count in saliva of pregnant women. Methods: A total of 64 pregnant women diagnosed with at least 3 untreated carious teeth were enrolled and randomly allocated in to study and control groups. Saliva samples were taken from both study and control groups at baseline and follow-up visits. Results: ART was given to the study group only and a statistically significant reduction was found in Salivary streptococcus mutans count (p<0.001) after this treatment in the study group when compared with the controls. Conclusion: ART is an effective intervention and oral environment stabilization procedure in reducing salivary streptococcus mutans count in pregnant women that will also minimize the vertical transmission. Received | 26-04-2018: Accepted | 25-12-2018 Corresponding Author | Dr. Rabia Asad, Assistant Professor, Head of Community and Preventive Dentistry Department, Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore. E-mail: email@example.com


Abstract Sensory evaluation of cheese reconstituted from fractions of mild and aged cheese showed that the water-soluble fraction made the greatest contribution to the intensity of the cheese flavor. The cheese fractions used to prepare the reconstituted samples were: water-soluble fractions from mild cheese and from aged cheese; residues from mild and aged cheese remaining after extraction of the cheese with methyl alcohol, methylene chloride, and water; undeodorized fat centrifuged from mild and aged cheese; and deodorized cheese fat. The undeodorized cheese fat was the source of flavor volatiles incorporated into the reconstituted samples. The volatiles in the undeodorized fat produced no significant difference in the flavor intensities of the samples reconstituted with fat from mild or aged cheese. The nature of the residue had a small but significant influence on the perceived flavor intensities of the reconstituted cheese. The authors suggest that the more highly degraded protein of aged cheese releases flavor compounds in the mouth more readily than does the protein of the residue from mild cheese.


Field experiment was conducted during 2008-2010on chrysanthemum to ascertain the influence of bio-inoculant (Azotobacter and VAM) and vermicompost with different levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (100%, 75% and 50%) on growth and flowering of chrysanthemum cultivars 'Prof. Harris' and 'Sunil'. Cultivar Prof. Harris performed significantly better over cv. Sunil for leaf count, number of lateral shoots, plant spread, days to visible bud formation, days to bud showing colour and flowering. However, plant height, leaf area and flowering duration was maximum in cv. Sunil. Application of 75% recommended dose of fertilizer and vermicompost coupled with dual inoculation of Azotobacter and VAM produced significantly tall plant, higher number of lateral shoots, greater plant spread, advancement in visible bud formation, bud showing colour and flowering, respectively and extension of flowering durationover 100% recommended dose of fertilizer. Leaf count was maximum with application of 75% dose of N + Azotobacter+ VAM + full P and K while, significantly higher leaf area was observed when crop was fertilized with 75% dose of N and P+ Azotobacter + VAM + full K compared with 100% recommended dose of fertilizer and other treatment under investigation.


Al-Mg2Si is an in-situ composite composed of aluminium, magnesium and silicon elements. The reinforcement of Mg2Si crystal structure occurs due to very small solid solubility of Si into Mg. This material is becoming an attractive candidate to manufacture most of industrial products especially automotive and aerospace components. In this research paper, four different phase reactions were detected under slow solidification of base alloy by computer-aided cooling curve thermal analysis (CA-CCTA). Backscattered electron (BSE) imaging and elemental mapping revealed that those phase evolutions corresponded to the formation of primary Mg2Si reinforcement particle, Al-Mg2Si eutectic, Si eutectic and Iron intermetallic respectively.


Significant geological factor of coal occurrence is layered structure of coal measures overburden rock, and bedrock sand-shale ratio is a key element of coal measures overburden rock layered structure. On the background of geological occurrence conditions of 2-2 coal in Yushen coal mining area, the sandstone layer, sandstone average thickness and sand-shale ratio are taken as variables to build the 18 different types of layered structure models. On this basis, basic law of coal measures bedrock sand-shale ratios which is a key characteristic of layered structure impacting mining subsidence is mainly studied by using numerical simulation method. The results show that: firstly, in spite of any condition of sandstone layer coefficient subsidence coefficient always decrease with the increase of sand-shale ratios. However, the effect of sand-shale ratios on subsidence coefficient continuously decreased with the increasing of sandstone layer coefficient. Secondly, when the sandstone layer coefficient is less than 70%, the different sand-shale ratios have significant influence on the subsidence coefficient, and when the sandstone layer coefficient is more than 90%, subsidence coefficients corresponding to different sand-shale ratios show obvious convergence characteristics. The gap between each other is only 1%~2%. Thirdly, taking the subsidence coefficient corresponding to the sand-shale ratio is 6:4 as reference, the curves about the rate of decrease in subsidence coefficient is set up when the sand-shale ratio is 7:3 or 8:2, and the fitting equations are presented on the basis of Log3P1 mathematical model.


Thin films of Al2O3 grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) were investigated as gas diffusion barriers on flexible polyethylene naphthalate and Kapton® polyimide substrates. Al2O3 ALD films with thicknesses of 1–26nm were grown at 100–175°C. For Al2O3 ALD films with thicknesses ⩾5nm, oxygen transmission rates were below the MOCON instrument test limit of ∼5×10−3cc∕m2∕day. Applying a more sensitive radioactive tracer method, H2O-vapor transmission rates of ∼1×10−3g∕m2∕day were measured for single-sided Al2O3 ALD films with thicknesses of 26nm on the polymers. Ultrathin gas diffusion barriers grown by Al2O3 ALD may enable organic displays and electronics on permeable, flexible polymer substrates.


This paper investigates the vibrations and acoustic noise behavior of some equal tooth width, unequal tooth width and modular surface mounted permanent magnet machines. The investigations are based on finite element analysis (ANSYS) and the performances such as radial force (and airgap magnetic pressure), vibration modes (shapes and resonant frequencies), radial displacement and acceleration of the stator, and sound pressure level have been calculated and compared amongst different machines. It has been found that due to the existence of flux gaps in stator alternate teeth, at the same operating condition (phase current and rotor speed), the modular machines can reduce the sound pressure level by up to 15dB compared to the equal tooth width permanent magnet machines. A similar reduction in sound pressure level can be achieved by adopting the unequal tooth width permanent magnet machine.


This report records the roundtable on "Brexit's Effect on Citizens, Human Rights and Immigration" organised by Dr Adrienne Yong on 11 June 2019 at City, University of London funded by the Higher Education Innovation Fund (HEIF) 2018/19.

Speakers included:

• Hannah Wilkins (House of Commons Library)
• Blanca Grey (Home Office)1
• Paul Erdunast (Immigration Law Practitioner's Association - ILPA)
• Christopher Desira (Seraphus Solicitors)
• Nicole Masri (Rights of Women)
• Ollie Persey (Public Law Project)
• Katarzyna Zagrodniczek (East European Resource Centre)
• Mihai Calin Bica (Roma Support Group)
• Dr Adrienne Yong (City, University of London)
• Dr Michaela Benson (Goldsmiths, University of London)
• Madeleine Sumption (Migration Observatory)
• Sheona York (Kent Law Clinic)

A host of unique legal questions were raised in the aftermath of the UK's referendum result where the electorate voted in favour of leaving the EU on the 23 June 2016. Opinion has been split as to whether the UK and EU have indeed struck a fair deal for citizens, with arguments that citizens have been used as bargaining chips throughout the process to achieve a deal. As negotiations progressed towards the original mandated date of withdrawal, 29 March 2019, various schemes emerged to handle post-Brexit immigration of EU citizens in the UK and reciprocal arrangements for British citizens in the EU. This is now reflected in the EU Settlement Scheme, the Immigration and Social Security Co-ordination Bill, and the reciprocity agreed with EU Member States as to British citizens in the EU. These issues and more were discussed at the roundtable.


The intermediate band semiconductor of AgGa1-xCrxS2 is investigated by the first principles calculations and further confirmed by the experimental results. The band structures of pure and Cr-doped crystals were calculated and it is shown that the crystal with a direct energy band gap of about 0.95 eV for AgGaS2. Because of Cr dopant, a metallic intermediate band (IB) is successfully formed in the host. From the partial density of states (PDOS) of Cr-doped AgGaS2, the IB mainly comes from the hybridization of the Cr-3d and S-3p states. Based on the theoretical predications, the Cr-doped AgGaS2 is synthesized by the high-temperature solid state reaction. Two extra absorption responses are detected in the absorption spectra. The optical absorption coefficients are enhanced in the visible radiation range due to the formation of metallic and isolated IB. Therefore, Cr-doped AgGaS2 with an intermediate band is suggested as a potential material to enhance the efficiency of solar cells.


This paper presents the work done on the topic Design of Pressure Vessel as per ASME codes, using PV Elite. The pressure vessel considered here was operated previously at atmospheric pressure and has now to be operated at 3 kg/cm2, so using ASME Section VIII-Division I thickness of the pressure vessel wall was calculated for new operating pressure and checked whether the present wall thickness will sustain the new operating pressure. Introduction of manway results in certain area of the pressure vessel excluded, so this area of material taken out needs to be compensated using Rf-pad. Designing of this pressure vessel is carried out using PV Elite and results obtained here are used to check the calculations done using ASME Section VIII-Division I. Results obtained show that the present wall thickness will sustain the new operating pressure and introduction of manway uses Rf-pads for area compensation.


An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of feeding regimes of mixed roughages(75% rice straw + 25% alfalfa hay) supplemented with cassva residues(CR) on growth performance in cross-bred cattle.12 heads of young Local "Yellow" cattle with an average weight of(113.5±7.1) kg were fed with roughages ad libitum.The cattle were randomly allocated into 4 groups with different dietary treatments.The cattle of treatmentⅠwere fed with mixed roughages.To treatment,ⅡCR was fed 3 hour before feeding the mixed roughage.To treatment Ш,CR was fed 2 hours after feeding the mixed roughage.To treatment Ⅳ,the CR for treatment Ш was fed with split-feeding three times a day,simulating a steady energy release that matched the slow N release from the alfalfa hay(AH).The results indicated that there were no


Millions of women use oral contraceptives (OCs) each year. It is important to be aware of the clinically significant drug interactions that can occur with this type of birth control.' The exact incidence of breakthrough bleeding or unintended pregnancy from an OC drug interaction is unknown, but is thought to be fairly rare. However, some reports estimate that one woman out of 1,OOO-l0,OOO users may experience a drug interaction. With the growing use of lower hormonal content oral contraceptives, the failure rate may increase.z


In October 1999 the First International Symposium on the Eosinophil was held in Lund, Sweden. The theme of the Symposium was Biology of the Eosinophil and covered clinical and animal models of eosinophilia and the mechanisms that operate in eosinopoiesis and trafficking. In addition, eosinophil-specific proteins, eosinophil secretory mechanisms and eosinophil pharmacology were discussed. The Symposium was organized to establish a platform for exchange of knowledge and ideas regarding the eosinophil granulocyte. The many groups that are involved in eosinophil research are scattered throughout the world and perform work in many different areas where the eosinophil granulocyte is the only common denominator. Some groups perform clinical research in various disease entities, others carry out laboratory research to elucidate eosinophil behaviour and control.


DISSERTATION: Effects of the Elimination of Indiana General Fund Property Tax and Other Local Sources of Revenue on Student Transfer Policies STUDENT: Andrew S. Jackson DEGREE: Doctor of Education COLLEGE: Teachers College, Educational Leadership DATE: December, 2011 PAGES: 133 The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the elimination of the Indiana public school general fund property tax on student cash transfer school board policy. As a result of the data collected for this study, it includes an analysis for the general fund financial trends of all 292 Indiana public school corporations, as well as trends regarding other data such as; Average Daily Membership (ADM), General Fund (GF) cash balances, and percentage of student cash transfer of total ADM. The following recommendations are made; (1) Any Indiana public school corporation currently not allowing student cash transfers per board policy should change the policy to begin allowing such transfers, (2) The Indiana Association of Public School Superintendents (IAPSS) should adopt guidelines for ethical behavior regarding student cash transfers, specifically as it pertains to advertising, for member superintendents to follow, (3) Small school corporations, particularly those with an ADM of less than 1,000 students, should begin partnering with other small school corporations to coordinate administrative service and instructional services, and (4) Indiana public school corporation superintendents and boards of education should begin working towards a better understanding of how to compete in a school-choice atmosphere.


During this isolated COVID-19 existence, many of us long for the chance to socialize. But there's one social experience that many economists might not miss: finding oneself in an argument with a non-economist acquaintance about some public policy measure or predictions about where the economy is headed. Why does this happen so frequently? Why do surveys show that economists are quite unpopular and that the general public often strongly disagrees with economists' views – even on topics where economists offer extensive evidence in support of their theories? The new book by Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo, Good Economics for Hard Times, starts from the premise that there is something amiss when economists are so unpopular and distrusted, and when their perspectives diverge from so many other people's views (and lived experiences). At the heart of the book is a basic question aimed at economists themselves: Where have we gone wrong? One major clue is that most theory begins from models with few transition costs; most assume people can seamlessly move across sectors and geographies to find their most rewarding opportunities and acquire the new skills needed for these opportunities. From the book's outset, Banerjee and Duflo point out that this does not fit the facts: for example, if anything, migration is far too rare given the relatively large differences in real wages. The factors of production – particularly human labor – are far more 'sticky' than we think they are (or ought to be). The authors go on to argue that this is not simply a matter of a missing term in a theory that would better fit the data. Very few economics studies consider dignity, autonomy, or a sense of purpose explicitly as a goal or outcome for human choices – nor the frustration and disillusionment that result without these. Incorporating such concepts might lead much of economics to quite different conclusions. As Banerjee and Duflo argue, 'restoring human dignity to its central place... sets off a profound rethinking of economic priorities and the ways in which societies care for their members, particularly when they are in need'. In this spirit, Banerjee and Duflo follow in the footsteps of another Nobel-winning development economist, Amartya Sen, who broadened our understanding of poverty and growth to incorporate human capabilities. The book is organized into two sections: in the first, the authors present widely held opinions of the general public that contrast the evidence-based consensus among economists. For example, popular views of immigration are heavily distorted by racist alarmism and overreliance on a simplistic interpretation of labor demand that wrongly suggests immigration hurts natives' economic prospects. In contrast, evidence from economics studies in settings as diverse as lava-engulfed Icelandic islands, the lifting of the Soviet restrictions on migration to Israel, and the Mariel boatlift of Cubans to Miami has shown little in the way of negative impacts on similarly skilled residents at these destinations. In the second part of the book, the authors turn to topics that are equally as salient but for which economics does not yet have a real consensus. They insightfully discuss the contradictory evidence behind the role of carbon taxes in curbing long-term climate change, how increasing taxes on the top earners might change the overall distribution of income, and how to improve the legitimacy and popularity of government around the world.


The purpose of this study was to examine the current state of consumption of medicinal food and the intent to participate in medicinal food education by food-related lifestyle. A total of 264 samples were conveniently selected from students enrolled in culinary education at the Seoul Institute of Technology and Education from September 5, 2014 to September 20, 2014. The results were as follows. Factor analysis showed five factors in food-related lifestyle named as adventure-seeking factor, taste-seeking factor, health-seeking factor, convenience-seeking factor, and safety seeking factor. There were three factors in awareness of medicinal food named as health characteristic, negative perception, and intent to purchase. The cluster analysis showed five dimensions for food-related lifestyle named as convenience-seeking group, safety-seeking group, health & safety-seeking group, health-seeking group, and taste-seeking group. Among the demographic characteristics, there was a significant difference in age, cooking career, and households by food-related lifestyle group. Among intent to participate in education regarding medicinal food, there was a significant difference in medicinal food educational institution preferences by food-related lifestyle group. Among medicinal food awareness, there was a significant difference in negative perception by food-related lifestyle group.


Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of dry eye disease among diabetic patients and to compare it with non-diabetic persons. Material and Methods : This was a randomized cross-sectional study of 224 randomly selected patients between 31 to 60 years of age diagnosed to have diabetes and age, sex matched 224 non-diabetic normal persons as controls, done in a tertiary care hospital from January 2018 to June 2019. Standard patient evaluation of eye dryness (SPEED) questionnaire, Schirmer's test, tear film break-up time (TFBUT) and Rose Bengal staining tests were used for diagnosis of DED. Results : Out of total 224 diabetic patients, 88 (39.3 %) were males, 136 (60.7%) were female and out of 224 non-diabetic subjects 90 (40.2 %) were males, 134 (59.8%) were female. Mean age of the diabetic patients was 56±10.4 years and was 53±9.8 years in non-diabetic persons. The SPEED questionnaires score equal or greater than six was found in 48 (21.4%) diabetics and in 23 (10.3%) cases of non-diabetic persons. The Schirmer test value was less than 10 mm in 39 (17.4%) diabetic patients and in 20 (8.9%) control cases. The TFBUT was less than 10 seconds in 35(15.6%) diabetic patients and in 17 (7.6%) cases non-diabetics.  Rose Bengal score was more than four in 14 (6.3%) patients with diabetes and in 4 (1.8%) control cases. The prevalence of DED was found to be in 35 (15.6%) patients with diabetes and in 17(7.6%) cases of non-diabetes. Conclusions : Diabetic patients had a significantly higher prevalence of DED in comparison to age and sex matched non-diabetic controls.


Introduction: Nursing care is integral part of health care and having important role in management of patient with emergency condition. Patient as nursing care customer want quality service The purpose of this research is developing nurse performance improvement model based on individual, organization and job characteristics association in Emergency Department of RSUD dr TC Hillers Maumere. Method: This was an explanative survey by cross sectional approach held on July -August 2012. Respondents in this study were 22 nurses and 44 patients were obtained by purposive sampling technique. Independent variable consisted of individual characteristic (ability and skill, experience, age, sex, attitude and motivation), organizational characteristic (leadership and rewards), job characteristic (job design and feedback) and dependent variables were nurse performance in nursing care, patient satisfaction and nurse satisfaction. Data were analyzed by partial least square test and significant t value > 1.64 (alpha 10%). Result: Results showed that individual characteristic had effect on nurse performance (t=7.59), organization characteristic had effect on nurse performance (t=2.03) and job characteristic didn't have effect on nurse performance (t=0.88). Nurse performance had effect on patient satisfaction (t=6.54) but nurse satisfaction didn't have effect on nurse performance (t=1.31), and nurse satisfaction didn't have effect either on patient satisfaction (t=0.94). Discussion: This research concluded that individual characteristics which influence nurse performance in nursing care were ability and skill, experience, age, sex, attitude and motivation. Organization characteristic that influence nurse performance was reward while job characteristic that include job design and feedback didn't influence nurse performance in nursing care. Nurse performance influenced patient satisfaction but nurse satisfaction didn't influence patient satisfaction and nurse performance.


Doctors usually warn pregnant women against having more than 200 mg of caffeine per day—the equivalent of about 1.5 cups of brewed coffee. This level of the stimulant is considered safe because it doesn't induce premature births or other pregnancy complications, according to the American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists. Researchers wondered, though, whether a mother's caffeine intake of approximately 200 mg can have more subtle effects on human fetuses when the world's most popular drug is absorbed in the womb or when transferred from mother to baby during breast-feeding. Seeking answers, a team of researchers led by Christophe Bernard of the French Institute of Health & Medical Research studied pups born to female mice that drank caffeine each day from the time they mated until their babies were weaned. The female mice received a daily dose of caffeine equivalent to three or four cups of coffee per day for ...


This book is a welcome addition to the Library of mathematics series. It gives a readable elementary treatment of problems such as the Euler-Lagrange equations, the variational principles of mechanics and minimum principles, together with a few worked examples and exercises. What makes this book different from other elementary books on the subject is a treatment of two recent developments—Bellman's dynamical programming and the author's own theory of complementary variational principles which provides upper and lower bounds for certain types of functional. There are one or two small points which could perhaps be looked at before a second edition. It is not stated anywhere that the critical curves for the Euler-Lagrange problem need not exist because the end conditions cannot be satisfied, although an example does involve this phenomenon. Possibly more explanation could be given of the concept of Lagrange multipliers in isoperimetric problems, and it might be well to have given one or two illustrations involving a problem in more than one dimension. These however are minor points. The book will, I am sure, be acceptable to students. The price of £1-50 is somewhat higher than one would expect for a paperback volume of this size.


The issue of ethnic conflict in Nigeria has become a burning national issue with its attendant problems. Its current predominance is reflected in the reports of various activities of ethnic militant in the country coupled with the high rising terrorism activities in the northern part of the country from which the traces of ethnicity problem cannot be totally ruled out. However, the issue now nationwide is no longer the recognition of ethnic conflict and its increasing threats to lives and properties but on how to curtail and manage it so that both human and material resources being used for such activities can be geared towards bringing about sustainable development in all spheres of life. The problem could best be tackled through deliberate and sincere efforts to change the behaviour and attitudes of the people to become their brothers' keeper and tolerate one another. This could best be achieved upon the teaching of peace education in the schools. Therefore, this paper discusses ethnic conflict, reviews its trends and management and finally highlights the strategy for ethnic conflict resolution and management in Nigeria.


According to one embodiment, a substrate; Defining a display area on the substrate, and a display portion including the thin film transistor; Uneven part arranged on the outside of the display region; And a sealing layer for sealing the display unit; and including the thin film transistor, the active layer, the gate insulating film, a gate electrode, a source electrode, a drain electrode and the gate electrode and the source electrodes formed on the active layer above and the gate electrode and including an interlayer insulating film disposed between the drain electrode, and wherein the concave-convex part provides the gate insulating film and an organic light emitting display wherein the encapsulation layer, and including the interlayer insulating film covering the said concave and convex device.


The ultraviolet background (UVB) emitted by quasars and galaxies governs the ionization and thermal state of the intergalactic medium (IGM), regulates the formation of high-redshift galaxies, and is thus a key quantity for modeling cosmic reionization. The vast majority of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations implement the UVB via a set of spatially uniform photoionization and photoheating rates derived from UVB synthesis models. We show that simulations using canonical UVB rates reionize and, perhaps more importantly, spuriously heat the IGM, much earlier ( ) than they should. This problem arises because at , where observational constraints are nonexistent, the UVB amplitude is far too high. We introduce a new methodology to remedy this issue, and we generate self-consistent photoionization and photoheating rates to model any chosen reionization history. Following this approach, we run a suite of hydrodynamical simulations of different reionization scenarios and explore the impact of the timing of reionization and its concomitant heat injection on the thermal state of the IGM. We present a comprehensive study of the pressure smoothing scale of IGM gas, illustrating its dependence on the details of both hydrogen and helium reionization, and argue that it plays a fundamental role in interpreting Lyα forest statistics and the thermal evolution of the IGM. The premature IGM heating we have uncovered implies that previous work has likely dramatically overestimated the impact of photoionization feedback on galaxy formation, which sets the minimum halo mass able to form stars at high redshifts. We make our new UVB photoionization and photoheating rates publicly available for use in future simulations.


Advancements in sensors and actuator technology incorporated with data communication are enhancing the standards of control and automation areas for different applications. The Home area network (HAN) is based on IEEE 802.15.4 is considered for applications like Advanced metering infrastructure in Smart grid applications. In this paper, Wireless Sensor Network is considered for HAN. The sensor data is communicated to the sink via Cluster heads (CH). The work proposed in this paper is identifying a proper CH, among the available cluster nodes. Based on the above we are proposing a novel algorithm Energy-Efficient Algorithm for Cluster formation and Cluster Head selection (EEA-CFCHS) for heterogeneous WSN. The proposed methodology takes into account the energy degeneracy threshold value for all different kinds of nodes in a WSN network. Each CH and cluster nodes proceed to the following round based on the threshold value. Each round ends with a calculation of the CH residual energy. The network begins building a new cluster and electing a new CH, if the amount of energy left is less than the threshold value. The energy consumption is lowered as a result, and the stability period is greatly increased. In this algorithm, the simulation in MATLAB shows how to improve the network's lifetime. When compared to the ESRA and P-SEP protocols, the EEA-CFCHS for WSN improves the stability period by 42 %, 72% the network lifespan by 62%, and the network lifetime by 73.16%.


Device (1) for loading and unloading containers (2) in an enclosure of a treatment installation (3) of substances contained in said containers (2), comprising a support structure (17), means (4, 5 , 6) for positioning said containers (2) on the device (1), a fixed platform (7), first means (8) for moving said containers during the loading process, second means (14) for moving said containers during unloading process and third means (16, 19, 21) for moving said second means (14) at a higher than said containers (2) position when said second means (14) move into said enclosure (eg before unloading) and out of said enclosure (eg after loading), performing said second means (14) as a stop during loading and as a pusher during unloading and further comprising said device, a platform extensible (10) attached to said pl Ataforma fixed (7), performing said extendible platform (10), during loading and unloading, the union between the fixed platform (7) and inner tray (11) of said enclosure, characterized in that said extendible platform (10) unfurls from said support structure (17) and by the fact that said third means comprise elements (16a, 16b) that unwinds from said support structure (17) to the enclosure.


This paper presents a FASS curve using the Amman A5 aperiodic tile set. Introduction. Plane-filling, also known as space-filling curves, are a limiting form of fractal. They are usually developed using the recursive substitution methods and are intimately related to tilings with dilational recursive structure. Peano curves, Hilbert Curves and other classic plane-filling curves are based on regular tilings and rep-tiles [3]. Many plane-filling curves have been discovered based on lattices of regular tilings [6], some of which converge on topological disks, while others define more complex boundaries with holes such as the Sierpinski Arrowhead Curve [7, p.74]. Other curves are based on tilings which converge on a fractal boundary through the recursive process, such as the Gosper Curve [2, p. 124]. McKenna has described plane-filling curves using heterogeneous sizes of tiles [5]. Dow [1] has elaborated curves based on square lattices, and has fully described those based on a 2 x 2 grid, with explorations into larger lattices. Ventrella notes the various techniques of making plane-filling curves— Node Replacement Curves, Iterated Function Systems, Branching Fractal Trees, and L-systems. His book and website, which cover many kinds of fractals, defines some curves as "well-behaved" or "FASS"Plane-Filling, Self-Avoiding, Simple, Self-similar [7, p.46], which the curve described here satisfies. This paper uses a more elaborate notation than Dow and Ventrella, suited for complex tilings. It combines Lsystem replacement for the curve with marked tile notation for the tile substitution. This explicit marking of the tile is necessary for complex tilings beyond a lattice or regular tilings (where the tile geometry is simply implied), as the line substitution and the tile substitution have to be solved together. Ammann A5 Plane Filling Curve. Figure 1 shows the tiles used in the Ammann A5 set. [4, p. 556]. The two prototiles are squareand rhombus-based (in bold). Each prototile comprises smaller squares and rhombuses whose arrangement creates notches and bulges along the boundary. These are equivalent to Amman's asymmetric matching rules and key tiles; recursive substitution then generates an aperiodic tiling. To build a FASS curve, we must find a set of starting and ending connection points on the boundary where the substitution tiling vertices coincide: Figure 1: The Ammann A5 set prototiles, with the composite tile arrangement, and boundary points which will serve as the connection points for the curve. Proceedings of Bridges 2014: Mathematics, Music, Art, Architecture, Culture


Objective To assess the feasibility of total mesorectal excision(TME) with minimally invasive approach for rectal cancer.Methods Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision colo-anal anastomoses were performed on 22 patients with rectal cancer.Results 22 colo-anal anastomoses were successfully completed with totall laparoscop.The operation time was 210 min(160~240) while operative bleeding was 80ml(50~100).Average hospital stay was 9 days(6~14) and there were no intraoperative and postoperative complications in all 22 patients.Conclusion The laparoscopic surgery of total mesorectal excision and colo-anal anastomoses in the treatment of rectal cancer is a perspective minimally invasive technique,which is feasible,safe and effective.


The disturbance observer is a specific method of designing a two degree of freedom control structure to achieve insensitivity to modeling error and disturbance rejection. It has been successfully applied in a variety of motion control applications. In motion control, the major sources of uncertainties are friction, inertia, and external disturbances. These uncertainties should be taken into account by any robust motion controller. In this paper, this element is a PD (proportional-derivative) controller. The disturbance observer proves its advantages through the simulation and experiments. With disturbance observer, better tracking performance can be achieved with less control energy.


In the title centrosymmetric dinuclear complex, [Cu2(C2H3O2)4(C5H5NO)2], the two CuII atoms are bridged by four atetate groups, the Cu⋯Cu separation being 2.6468 (7) A. Each CuII atom exists in a square-pyramidal coordination environment defined by four carboxyl acetate O atoms and one 4-pyridone O atom. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds give rise to a two-dimensional layer structure.


Vocational education is an important topic in the context of human capital. This is due to the mere fact of the Copenhagen process, which for over 15 years has been aiming to improve the quality of education in the European Union. Nevertheless, the state of vocational education in this area is far from expected. In this case, the Polish vocational education system is one of the most negative examples [Polcyn, Gawrysiak 2017, p. 13], both in the context of the level of unemployment, as well as the clarity and coherence of the system itself. The authors have attempted to explore the reasons for this condition in the context of the effectiveness of vocational education in terms of labour market demand, based on the data from 2016 at NTS-4 level. The analysis used the new database of the Occupation Barometer, data prepared by the Polish Central Statistical Office on the number of students trained according to the ISCED-F 2013 international classification, and social and economic measures were taken into account. The results of linear models indicate the lack of a direct relationship between education in five most numerous ISCED-F 2013 narrow fields in Poland and demand on the labour market, according to the data from Occupation Barometer. The authors additionally propose a new measure of effectiveness, based on the collected data, and present an example of its use in the logistic regression method. The results show possible issues resulting from vocational schools management and vocational education "inertia".


In this article, the concept of criminal responsibility for violation of the requirements of the law on ecology and the environment, its essence, the reasons for its occurrence and commitment have been analyzed in accordance with the existing norms of law.


175 samples for mycological studies were taken from the vagina, cervix or genital discharge of Egyptian cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat. The breeding history of these animals was known beside the routine gynaecological examination of each case. At various conditions of normal reproduction, the incidence of cases with positive mycotic finding were 10, 0, 25, and 50 percent for these animal species, respectively. Cases that showed various conditions of reproductive disorders with positive mycotic findings yielded 30.5% Candida albicans, 22.0% Aspergillus fumigatus, 16.4% Mucor ramonnianus, 12.1 % Torulopsis famata, 6.4% Candida tropicalis, 4.2% Aspergillus niger, 2.8% for each of Rhizopus and Candida krusei, 2.1 % Saccharomyces cerviscae and 0.7 % Cladosporium wernecki. Intra‐uterine irrigation of infected genitalia with Lugol'S solution resulted in negative mycotic isolations.