The role of the mother tongue in the spiritual development of man, in the cultural and enlightenment development of society is extremely important. Language is the most objective and indestructible mirror of national spirituality, enlightenment and culture. It is said in a hadith: "The beauty of a man is in his tongue". This article discusses the integral aspects of language, word formation, language and thinking.


ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the quality aspects and shelf life of minced meat of trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) impregnated with derived essential oil (EO) of Pisticia atlantica ssp. Kurdica (Bene) fruits kept for 12 days at 4°C. The yielded EO of dried Pistacia fruits was 0.30-0.40 % (v/w). EO controlled lipid oxidation in all concentrations (0.125, 0.25 and 0.5% v/w). The 0.5 % concentration showed better effect in treated samples. Malondialdehyde content was lower than control group in all fish samples supplemented with Bene EO (p<0.05). The bacterial load enhanced proportionally for all fish samples and was considerably slower in treated fish samples than control. The results of microbial evaluation and sensory analysis showed that cooked treated fish samples remained acceptable for consumption during 8 days of storage. Bene EO can be practically used and proposed as a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in the food industries for food preservation.


This paper describes a cost-effective, real-time (640x480 at 30Hz) upright frontal face detector as part of an ongoing project to develop a video-based, tetherless 3D head position and orientation tracking system. The work is specifically targeted for auto-stereoscopic displays and projection-based virtual reality systems. The proposed face detector is based on a modified LAMSTAR neural network system. At the input stage, after achieving image normalization and equalization, a sub-window analyzes facial features using a neural network. The sub-window is segmented, and each part is fed to a neural network layer consisting of a Kohonen Self-Organizing Map (SOM). The output of the SOM neural networks are interconnected and related by correlation-links, and can hence determine the presence of a face with enough redundancy to provide a high detection rate. To avoid tracking multiple faces simultaneously, the system is initially trained to track only the face centered in a box superimposed on the display. The system is also rotationally and size invariant to a certain degree.


ABSTRACT Heightened political polarisation threatens democratic stability. While prior studies find polarisation in competing groups' deployment of different terminologies to describe the same topic, we emphasise that it can also be evident in groups' attachment of different meanings to the same terminology. Competition for dominance in the public sphere is reflected in social media which become sites of contestation, showcasing antagonistic claims of legitimacy. In a case-study of the June 2019 rerun Istanbul elections in Turkey, we used qualitative and computational methods to analyse approximately 116,000 tweets, focusing on discussions around the themes of 'democracy', 'elections', and 'public service'. Twitter users associated the act of casting a vote not only with electing the candidate, but also with a competition over the future of Turkish democracy.


According to theory of software engineering, this paper discusses 4 problems of program development control to treat with the program attack, including to peer review, modularity and encapsulation and information hiding, independent test, configuration management.


Abstract. Fine tuning of narrow-bandwidth interference filters based on volume holographic gratings fixed in photorefractive LiNbOB has been demonstrated. A filter with a peak wavelength at 518.45 nm, peak reflectivity 32.5% and bandwidth of 50 pm was used. Filter tuning has been achieved both by varying the filter temperature and by applying an electric field. By varying the filter temperature between 35 and 60°C a temperature tuning coefficient of 5.1 pm K-' was obtained. The effect is induced by the temperaturedependent change of refractive index and by the lattice thermal expansion. By applying a direct current electric field, an electrical tuning coefficient of 5.9 pm kV-' has been measured too. In this case the tuning mechanisms are the electro-optic and piezoelectric effects. On the other hand, with an applied alternating current electric field, a beam intensity modulation from 90% to 20% has been demonstrated. 1. Introduction The fixing process used by making permanent volume holographic gratings in photorefractive materials, partic- ularly in LiNbO3 has been known for many years [1,2]. Nevertheless, only recently have high diffraction effi- ciencies been obtained in a reproducible way from fixed holograms, which has made possible the achievement of Bragg reflector interference filters in LiNbO3 using these volume holograms


The paper deals with the analysis of deficiencies of state regulation in modern economy and searching for tools to eliminate them. The author suggests using mechanisms of institutional management for elimination of those deficiencies. Special attention is given to specific nature of institutional cultivation.


Precession of magnetization via the inverse Faraday effect is investigated with a view of determining the fundamental limit on the precession speed. Such a limit could have important consequences for ultrafast magnetic switching. The angular momentum required for precession is shown to be supplied by the light. This indicates that there is no fundamental obstruction to magnetization reversal on the time scale of a laser pulse provided that a material with a sufficiently strong magneto-optical response can be found.


Numerical simulations of the complex cubic-quintic Ginzburg-Landau equation (CCQGLE), a canonical equation governing the weakly nonlinear behavior of dissipative systems in a wide variety of disciplines, reveal five entirely novel classes of pulse or solitary waves solutions, viz. pulsating, creeping, snaking, erupting, and chaotical solitons. Here, we develop a theoretical framework for analyzing the full spatio-temporal structure of one class of dissipative solution (snaking soliton) of the CCQGLE using the variational approximation technique and the dynamical systems theory. The qualitative behavior of the snaking soliton is investigated using the numerical simulations of (a) the full nonlinear complex partial differential equation and (b) a system of three ordinary differential equations resulting from the variational approximation.


The main idea of the article is to highlight the scientific and practical activities of the founder and first head of the Kharkov Scientific Research Institute on Forensic Expertise Bokarius Nikolai Sergeevich


I describe a short-term dynamic therapy of 12–14 fortnightly sessions developed whilst working in a specialist mental health service for older people. Vignettes are given of this therapy with two women suffering from long histories of depression who experienced considerable benefit. They both showed an impressive capacity to reflect on and hold the therapy in mind during the fortnightly intervals and the longer breaks. To their surprise and relief, they did not become depressed during the period of therapy. They were especially pleased to discover an unexpected resilience. Less intensive frequency of sessions with fortnightly intervals offers the advantage of not encouraging a regression in the transference and, whilst recognising the importance of difficulties in early life, can galvanise adult capacities and resources developed over a long life. Particular influences in this work are discussed in the use of play from Winnicott, as described by Smith, and the importance of reaching hopeful and positive aspects of the personality described by Music.


A method of speeding up testing by step stressing is described. The mathematic models utilized, the theoretical and experimental results, and application to final failure rate estimates are shown.


4219 Background: In advanced pancreatic cancer (APC), gemcitabine (G) monotherapy is considered as a standard chemotherapy. However, the benefit of this treatment is needed to be improved. In previous studies, gemcitabine plus capecitabine (X) or cisplatin (P) showed promising activity although there was no statistically significant survival benefit compared to gemcitabine alone. We conducted phase II study with the combination of G, X and P (GXP) in pts with APC.

METHODS
Pts who were chemotherapy-naive with histologically confirmed, measurable APC were enrolled. Starting doses were G (800 mg/m2, IV over 80 min, D1, 8), X (1,300 mg/m2/day, po, D1-14) and P (60 mg/m2, IV, D1) per every 3 weeks (wks). After 4 pts were treated with this dose level, toxicities were mild and the dose of G was elevated to 1,000 mg/m2 (infused over 100 min).

RESULTS
Between Jun 2001 and Jul 2003, 40 pts were enrolled. Median age was 53 years (range, 35-66) with 32 males. Pts with metastatic lesions were 28 and locally advanced diseases (LA) 12. Thirty eight pts were assessable for activity and 40 were assessable for toxicity. A total of 185 cycles were administered (median, 4.5; range, 1-12). Twelve pts achieved partial response giving an overall response rate of 30.0% in intention-to-treat population (95% confidence interval (CI), 15.8-44.2%) and 14 pts (35.0%) had stable disease. The median time to progression (TTP) of all patients was 5.1 months (mo) (95% CI, 3.8-6.3). In pts with LA and metastatic lesions, the median TTP was 8.1 mo and 4.4 mo, respectively. The median overall survival (OS) of all patients was 7.5 mo (95% CI, 6.7-8.3). In pts with LA and metastatic lesions, the median OS was 11.8 mo and 7.0 mo, respectively. Median duration of response in 12 responders was 3.3 mo (range, 0.7-11.0). Grade 3/4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were noted in 47.5% and 10.0% of the pts, respectively. Grade 2/3 non-hematologic toxicities were asthenia (45.0 % of pts), diarrhea (12.5%), stomatitis (12.5%) and hand-foot syndrome (7.5%). There was no treatment-related death.

CONCLUSIONS
The combination of gemcitabine, capecitabine and cisplatin is an active and tolerable regimen in pts with APC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


In this paper, we present a detailed evaluation of a set of well-known Machine Learning classifiers in front of dynamic and non-deterministic software anomalies. The system state prediction is based on monitoring system metrics. This allows software proactive rejuvenation to be triggered automatically. Random Forest approach achieves validation errors less than 1% in comparison to the well-known ML algorithms under a valuation. In order to reduce automatically the number of monitored parameters, needed to predict software anomalies, we analyze Lasso Regularization technique jointly with the Machine Learning classifiers to evaluate how the prediction accuracy could be guaranteed within an acceptable threshold. This allows to reduce drastically (around 60% in the best case) the number of monitoring parameters. The framework, based on ML and Lasso regularization techniques, has been validated using an ecommerce environment with Apache Tomcat server, and MySql database server.


In the article the feasibility of forming a modern regulatory system of transformation processes in natural and resource field of region. The main trends in natural resource areas of Rivne region are analysed. The mechanisms of increasing environmental investments and improve the investment attractiveness of the natural resource sector are offered. It is grounded the environmental priorities of enhance the cooperative movement as a condition of commercialization of wildlife management in rural areas.


This paper will describe a successful model for a residential summer camp program that introduces and exposes middle school and early high school students to a variety of different engineering disciplines through university lectures, corporate field trips, and hands-on student engineering projects. This summer camp program has been operating at its full capacity for 8 years and over 800 students have participated in this program. This paper will give an overview of the history and motivation of the camps, the structure of the camp activities, the preparations required on a yearly basis, the support needed from the university and industry, the types of results we have received from running these camps, and future directions for this type of outreach activity.


North Carolina's Racial Justice Act manifested a clear intent to overcome the restrictions imposed by McCleskey on the use of statistical evidence and to use such evidence to eliminate the impact of race where it is a "significant factor in decisions to seek or impose the death penalty" in pertinent prosecutorial units where a death sentence was imposed. Most innovatively, it gives force to the long established prohibition articulated in Strauder, Swain, and Batson that jurors may not be excluded by racially discriminatory peremptory challenges, stating that the statute's commands are violated if it is shown that "[r]ace was a significant factor in decisions to exercise peremptory challenges during jury selection." By cumulating peremptory strike patterns and potential neutral justifications across cases, the statistical analysis provides an opportunity to the court to determine whether racial discrimination in jury selection occurred in death penalty cases. To enforce its commands, an extensive study was conducted to gather data and to analyze the impact of race on the cases of all those on North Carolina's death row. The study shows significant racial disparities after a broad range of legitimate potential explanations have been considered for peremptory strikes exercised by the prosecution. The court's decision in State v. Robinson found the study valid and its results powerful evidence that race played a role prohibited by the RJA in the exercise of peremptory challenges in that case. As the impact of the 2012 changes in the RJA are resolved, the original RJA remains a model for consideration by other states interested eradicating the improper use of race in peremptory challenges and remedying the failures of McCleskey and Batson. The promise the RJA demonstrated in Robinson remains, for the RJA was not abandoned because the statistical evidence was found flawed or proved unmanageable, nor was the pernicious effect of race found absent. Indeed, the trial court's judgment in Robinson revealed a deeply troubling pattern of improper use of race in peremptory strikes that it concluded clearly warranted remedy. Time and future litigation will resolve the legacy of North Carolina's RJA. It started as an effort to cure the impact of McCleskey and eliminate the weakness of Batson. Hopefully, the tragic lost opportunities of McCleskey will not be repeated.


(4) Experimentally elicited well-formedness judgments: (a) Speakers intuit a continuum of well-formedness paralleling phonotactic probability (Coleman & Pierrehumbert, 1997, Frisch et al., 2000). Example: /bl k/ vs. /sf k/ (b) Neighborhood Density is also known to influence well-formedness judgments (Ohala & Ohala, 1995, Greenberg & Jenkins, 1964) A word with many neighbors is judged to be more well-formed then a word with few neighbors. Example: /daeg/ (many neighbors) vs. /p / (few neighbors). (c) Boersma claims that phonological constraints play a role in determining wellformedness (2004) Example: i-prototypicality effects


Objective:To investigate the mechanism of As2O3 for the treatment of M3 type of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia(APL).Methods:We chose M3 type of APL NB4 cells.Firstly,we chose the concentration which As2O3 can lead to the apoptosis of NB4 Cells by MTT assay after 48h.Then we used Flow Cytometry(FCM) and caspase-3 activity detection kit to detect the role of As2O3 in promoting the apoptosis of NB4 cells.Finally,we detected the effect of As2O3 on caspase-3 protein by Western Blot.Results:The results of MTT assay showed that high doze of As2O3(0.5 μM) inhibit the proliferation of NB4 cells obviously and the effect of As2O3 depends on its concentration.Then we decided to use 2 μM As2O3 to conduct the following experiments.The result of FCM shows that the apoptosis proportion of NB4 cells increased conspicuously(P0.01).At the same time,the activity of caspase-3 of NB4 cells also increased obviously and was 2.2 times as large as the control group(P0.01).And the results of Western Blot shows that As2O3 can increase the expression of total-Caspase-3 protein and cleaved-Caspase-3(p17) protein conspicuously.Conclusions:As2O3 has an effect on inducing the apoptosis of NB4 cells in vitro and its effect is related with the activation of apoptosis which dependent on caspase-3 protein.


The intention of this study was to compare the head-neck kinematics between a Hybrid III dummy equipped with a standard neck, a Hybrid III dummy equipped with a RID neck, volunteers and Post Mortal Test Objects (PMTOs) under similar rear end impact conditions by means of various sled tests. Two car seat types were used at impact velocities ranging from 6 to 15 km/h.The sled tests showed that movement of the head and neck of the standard Hybrid III dummy were quite different compared to volunteers and PMTOs. The RID neck seems to be better regarding biofidelity, but as several degrees of freedom are still missing compared to the human cervical spine, further improvements can still be made. The significant high degree of flexion between head and upper cervical spine during the PMTO test could not be observed for both dummy necks. Bending of the thoracic spine in volunteers and PMTOs appears to influence head and neck motion. This can not be reproduced by the rigid thoracic spine of the Hybrid III dummy. Another problem which arose during these tests was the insufficient modelling of the initial lordosis of the cervical spine in all dummy necks. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 896323.


Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with current evidence. Methods: This study was registered in PROSPERO as CRD42021271488. A literature search was conducted in eight electronic databases from inception to December 2021. The primary outcomes were lipid indices and liver functions, including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST). Review Manager 5.2 and Stata v14.0 were applied for analysis. Results: The research enrolled 18 RCTs with 1,463 participants. Results showed CHM combined with western medicine (WM) was more effective than WM alone in TG (weighted mean differences (WMD) = −0.35.95% confidence interval (CI) [−0.51, −0.19], p < 0.0001), TC (WMD = −0.58.95%CI [−0.80, −0.36], p < 0.00001), LDL-C (WMD = −0.37, 95%CI [−0.47, −0.26], p < 0.00001), HDL-C (WMD = 0.20, 95%CI [0.10, 0.29], p < 0.0001), ALT (WMD = −4.99, 95%CI [−6.64, −3.33], p < 0.00001), AST (WMD = −4.76, 95%CI [−6.35, −3.16], p < 0.00001), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (WMD = −1.01, 95%CI [−1.22, −0.79], p < 0.00001), fasting blood glucose (WMD = −0.87, 95%CI [−1.13, −0.61], p < 0.00001), 2-h postprandial glucose (WMD = −1.45.95%CI [−2.00, −0.91], p < 0.00001), body mass index (WMD = −0.73.95%CI [−1.35, −0.12], p = 0.02), and overall effective rate (risk ratio (RR) = 1.37.95%CI [1.29, 1.46], p < 0.00001). Conclusion: The CHM in combination with WM seems to be more beneficial in T2DM with NAFLD patients in improving lipid and glucose metabolism, liver function, and insulin resistance as well as improving overall efficiency and reducing body weight. Given the poor quality of reports from these studies and uncertain evidence, these findings should be interpreted cautiously. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021271488, identifier CRD42021271488.


The most commonly used quantitative parameters for characterizing channel networks are derived from a Horton analysis (bifurcation ratios, stream length ratios, and so forth). Although these parameters give useful information about individual networks, they are generally ineffective in distinguishing differences in network structure due to lithologic controls and degree of maturity. As Shreve has noted, this failure is due in part to the random nature of network topology and link lengths and in part to the fact that the Horton analysis tends to average out many of the details that characterize such differences. Parameters derived from considerations of statistical geometric similarity, on the other hand, are relatively successful in characterizing network structure. For a simple example, let le and li be the mean exterior and interior link lengths, respectively, and ae and ai be the means of the associated drainage areas. Four dimensionless parameters that can be constructed from this set are λ = le/li α = ae/ai Ke = le2/ae and Ki = li2/ai. Data on λ, α, Ke and Ki for natural networks drawn from different geologic populations indicate that these quantities are effective in detecting differences due to varying lithology and degree of maturity.


A method for estimating the average life of certain military stores has been evolved using survival ratios. The method has been explained with reference to a numerical example.


The objective of the research is to investigate the difference on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) between the application of the chemistry learning based on analogy and without analogy. The type of the research was used to the quasi-experimental, while the design of research was non-equivalent control group design with posttest only. The sample in this study was students of class XI IPA (Natural Science) which consisted of two groups. The experimental group (34 students) was taught with chemistry learning based on analogy and the control group (32 students) was taught with chemistry learning without analogy. Nine analogies were used in experimental group. The instrument test consisting of 8 essay questions was applied to both groups. The data from both groups was compared with the independent sample t-test. The results of the research show that there is a significance differences between the experimental group and the control group. Students in the experimental group much better in HOTS than the control group. In conclusion, the chemistry learning based on analogy has positive impact on students' HOTS. Article visualizations:


A millimeter-wave imaging antenna array has been demonstrated for the first time at 245GHz. The array is a line of evaporated silver bow-tie antennas on a fused-quartz substrate with bismuth-microbolometer detectors. The measured optical transfer function shows that the system is diffraction-limited. If the microbolometers can be replaced by more sensitive diode detectors, the array should find application in radiometry and radar.


ian poetry should by all means contain the Indonesian originals. An anthology is intended for firsthand delectation, not for second-tongue obscuration. Prose in translation sometimes achieves the full purpose of the translator; poetry never does. A poem in translation can at best only make the reader aware that a listenermember of a given language community is moved by the original. An anthology of Indonesian poetry may be accompanied by translations, but a selection of translations without the possibility of direct delectation cannot properly be termed an anthology. (Compare The Oxford Boo\ of Russian Verse, an anthology without translation; and The Penguin Boo\ of Russian Verse, an anthology with prose translations at the bottom of a divided page.) The least any future publisher can do is to title such a book as this one An Anthology of Modern Indonesian Poetry in English Translation. After these ad titulum (but not ad hominem) remarks we must say that this book deserves review for several reasons: ( i) Indonesia is one of the countries included under that maligning and malignant and constantly shifting term "undeveloped—underdeveloped—developing—[?] nations;" (2) Indonesia has not one language but about two hundred, and yet there is quite a respectable modern poetic literature in the official language, the mother tongue of not more than one-sixth of the population; (3) this poetry has variety and vitality; (4) it has found a number of able translators; and (5) a collection of this size and variety is long overdue. The work is divided into four parts dealing with: I. The Pudjangga Baru Generation; II. The Generation of '45: Pioneers; III. The Generation of '45: The Later Impulse; IV. The New Generation. Fifteen poets (born between 1908 and 1938, mostly on Sumatra) are represented. Ten translators are listed, often two or three names being attached to a single poem. The Introduction was intended to give a foretaste of the most representative modern Indonesian poems of which poetically satisfactory English translations were available. In the twelve pages of the Introduction only nine lines were devoted to prosody and to the role of sound. The editor insists "that a translation, if it succeeds, is not necessarily a complete transmutation. Nor are the forms employed sufEJOURNAL OF ASIAN STUDIES


Objectives. Our objectives were to study the effect of Notrombel administration (one of the representatives of a new class of compounds, N, N'-substituted piperazines) on the development of experimental thrombosis. Material and methods. Thrombosis of the femoral artery was induced in Wistar male rats by 30-minute laser irradiation (532 nm, 60 mW, irradiation area - 1 mm 2 ) after intravenous injection of Rose Bengal A (17 mg/kg). The blood flow was recorded by high-frequency ultrasonic dopplerography (20 MHz) before irradiation and every 10 minutes after irradiation. Notrombel and Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA) were administered intravenously (control - 0.9 % sodium chloride) and intragastrically (control - water) in increasing doses. Results. Thrombosis of the femoral artery developed in all control animals during 30-minute laser irradiation. With a single intravenous administration, Notrombel was more effective than ASA (100 % prevention of thrombosis at doses of 0.0045 mM/kg and 0.05 mM/kg, respectively). The calculated effective dose (ED50) for Notrombel was about 0.0021 mM/kg, and for ASA - 0.029 mM/kg. After seven intravenous administrations of Notrombel, no cumulative effect was observed (a single dose ED50 = 0.0021 mM/kg), in contrast to ASA (ED50 = 0.0032 mM/kg). After seven intragastric injections, the antithrombotic activity of the drugs was close (for Notrombel ED50 = 0.0049 mM/kg, for ASA 0.0041 mM/kg). Conclusions. With a single intravenous injection, the antithrombotic activity of Notrombel (ED50 = 0.0021 mM/kg) is higher than that of ASA (ED50 = 0.029 mM/kg). With the course of intragastric and intravenous administration, the effects of the drugs are comparable. Unlike ASA, Notrombel had no cumulative effect, which indicates the safety of repeated parenteral administrations of the drug.


Background: The decision whether to initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation may sometimes be ethically complex. While studies have addressed some of these issues, along with the role of nurses in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, most have not considered the importance of nurses acting as advocates for their patients with respect to cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Research objective: To explore what the nurse's advocacy role is in cardiopulmonary resuscitation from the perspective of patients, relatives, and health professionals in the Basque Country (Spain). Research design: An exploratory critical qualitative study was conducted from October 2015 to March 2016. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Participants: Four discussion groups were held: one with patients and relatives (n = 8), two with nurses (n = 7 and n = 6, respectively), and one with physicians (n = 5). Ethical considerations: Approval was obtained from the Basque Country Clinical Research Ethics Committee. Findings: Three significant themes were identified: (a) accompanying patients during end of life in a context of medical dominance, (b) maintaining the pact of silence, and (c) yielding to legal uncertainty and concerns. Discussion: The values and beliefs of the actors involved, as well as pre-established social and institutional rules reduced nurses' advocacy to that of intermediaries between the physician and the family within the hospital environment. On the contrary, in primary health care, nurses participated more actively within the interdisciplinary team. Conclusion: This study provides key information for the improvement and empowerment for ethical nursing practice in a cardiac arrest, and provides the perspective of patients and relatives, nurses and physicians.


Because most principles for evaluating policies which result in population change require information about individual well-being as well as interpersonal comparisons, some way of assessing levels of well-being is essential to their use. In this paper, we look at one way of doing it using equivalent expenditures and equivalence scales. In certain circumstances, equivalent expenditures, which can be used to make interpersonal comparisons, can be estimated. This note examines this method in light of the demands of the critical-level generalized utilitarian family of principles. Properties of those principles are examined, and the problems of setting the critical level and of implementing priority for the less well off is included. In addition, the possibility of decisions based on theory and a few facts is investigated. The paper concludes with a discussion of population policy and the current world environmental crisis. Most principles for evaluating policies which result in population change require some information about the existence and utility levels of those who ever live in the histories which corresponding to policy options, which we call alternative histories or alternative. Utilities are indexes of well-being, and in population ethics, they should be indexes of lifetime wellbeing. The utility estimates are hard to assess and, because lifetime utilities are needed, the problem is more difficult than the estimation of short-term well-being. One way to estimate utilities, at least in short periods, is to use equivalent expenditures and equivalence scales. They make interpersonal comparisons of utilities, accounting for heterogeneity of household characteristics, and can be estimated from available data in some circumstances. Although short-term utilities are not adequate for population ethics, estimation of their short-term values is an important first step. This paper presents an outline of one such method (Section 4). It is not the only possible one, but it does work and, if a reference utility function is specified and estimated, an economy can be converted, for welfare purposes, into one with identical reference single individuals. Children are included; no one is left out. In Section 1 and 2, we present several of the main principles and families of principles: classical utilitarianism, average utilitarianism, the critical-level generalized utilitarian 1 Thanks to Charlie Blackorby, Walter Bossert, Toby Ord and the other participants in the workshop Population Ethics: Theory and Practice, University of Oxford, for suggestions and corrections.


There are three ways to add works to your ORCID record: link your work from another system; import a BibTeX file; manually type information about your works. The method you choose will depend on the kind of research outputs you have. If your output is mainly books and monographs that have not been included in the Scopus or Web of Knowledge databases, you may choose to bring information across from your Google Scholar profile or from your CentAUR record.


The relationship between economic growth and bureaucratic corruption, judicial corruption and institutional quality were studied in this paper. Based on the model of endogenous economic growth which was proposed by Erlich and Liu, a theoretical model of economic growth which is involved with the effect from bureaucratic corruption and judicial corruption is presented. The research shows that a country which can resist the judicial corruption and improve institutional quality will promote economic development.


This invention provides one network handle multi-media terminal for safety identification and module application function integration, which integrates personal multi-media player, IPTV, game, network, communication and FDA functions, wherein, the terminal can realize above functions through software to support each kinds of wireless network interface to realize remote update. This invention provides one method for safety identification on network multi-media terminal expending function.


It is world widely trend for governmental agencies to promote private sectors to participate in the development of infrastructures, such as BOT projects. However, BOT projects are inherently risky due to too many uncertainties during the project period. Overoptimistic in revenue and lack of risk analysis in BOT projects might usually lead the concessionaire to misestimate the project feasibility. This may result in high probability of defaults (PD) of BOT projects and cause financial disaster toward concessionaire. In the worst situation, it could make the projects become unbackable. However, it is rarely to discuss the probability of defaults and bankruptcy cost in the conventional BOT financial model. In general, capital structure of BOT projects is assumed 30% of equity and 70% of debt, and debt repayment is arranged in repaying equivalent uniform annul cost debt in repayment periods. This kind of repayment arrangement does not consider the erratic nature of revenue. It is risky to repay the debt obligation with inflexible repayment term. And, it may lead to high PD of the projects. The objective of this study was to alleviate the risk of project defaults due to the volatility of revenue. A student dormitory project of the national United University in Taiwan is used as an empirical study to demonstrate the analysis. The repayment arrangement proposed in this paper could make the 35% PD of the project reduce to less than 1% PD.


The wavefront printer is an equipment to produce computer-generated holograms (CGH) as a volume hologram. This printer records the wavefront generated by spatial light modulator (SLM). We propose a novel technique for applying phase-only SLM to the wavefront printer without losing the advantage of the wide space-band product of phase modulation. The phase-only SLM commonly has the problem of degradation of generated wavefronts because of coding noise due to phase only modulation. To reduce the noise, a technique is presented in order to partially modulate amplitude of recording light in phase-only SLM.


Background Digital health interventions have revolutionized multiple sclerosis (MS) care by supporting people with MS to better self-manage their disease. It is now understood that the technological elements that comprise this category of digital health interventions can influence participant engagement in self-management programs, and people with MS can experience significant barriers, influenced by these elements, to remaining engaged during a period of learning. It is essential to explore the influence of technological elements in mitigating attrition. Objective This study aimed to examine the study design and technological elements of documented digital health interventions targeted at people with MS—digital health interventions that were intended to support a program of engagement over a defined period—and to explore how these correlated with attrition among participants of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs (n=32) describing digital health self-management interventions for people with MS. We analyzed attrition in included studies, using a random-effects model and meta-regression to measure the association between potential moderators. Results There were no measured differences in attrition between the intervention and control arms; however, some of the heterogeneity observed was explained by the composite technological element score. The pooled attrition rates for the intervention and control arms were 14.7% and 15.6%, respectively. Conclusions This paper provides insight into the technological composition of digital health interventions designed for people with MS and describes the degree of attrition in both study arms. This paper will aid in the design of future studies in this area, particularly for digital health interventions of this type.


Proteins of rye flour extracts were fractionated between pH 3 and 10 applying the electrofocusing technique both in liquid column and gel slab. The extracts for the gel study were heated to 60, 70, 90 and 100°C to study the heat inactivation of the amylolytic activity. The protein content of the fractions was determined using the UV-absorption at 280 nm. The amylolytic activity of the column factions was studied using agar-plate diffusion test and the activity in the gel slabs was revealed by incubation at pH 4.7 in Lintner-starch and limit dextrin solutions, respectively, followed by iodine staining.

The heat treatment was found to cause displacement of the isoelectric points of the protein fractions as detected with Coomassie-blue staining of the gel slabs. Amylolytic activity was frequently discovered after Lintner-starch incubation without any counterpart after that in limit dextrin. Limit dextrin treatment again independently exhibited blur zones or colour strengthening. On an α-1,6-glucanase activity was speculated.


The twelfth National Fuel Cell Seminar held in Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A. from 26th to 28th November 1990, was attended by some 450 delegates from 17 countries, representing both developers and potential users worldwide. "Fuel Cells An Answer to a Cleaner Environment" was the key theme running throughout the conference. This was strongly linked to the firm belief that fuel cells would make an important contribution to the world's energy needs over the next ten years as economically viable fuel cell power plants become commercialised. The conference heard that platinum containing phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC) are soon to be produced on a commercial basis. Both Fuji and Toshiba announced that they had opened PAFC production facilities in Japan during 1990. The key progress regarding development of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) was the announcement of a U.S. Government sponsored programme, to be led by General Motors, to produce a PEMFC powered motor vehicle. The conference reflected the growing extent of the multi-national collaborations that are now underway to develop fuel cell technologies. The Seminar Organising Committee comprised the United States Department of Energy, the Electric Power Research Institute, the Gas Research Institute, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and, for the first time, the Commission of the European Communities and the Fuel Cell Development Information Centre, Japan. Over half of the attendees were from Japan or Europe.


Design of complex high-tech systems typically requires an integrated analysis of the multiple interacting physical phenomena that jointly influen c the overall system's behaviour. For aircraft win gs, for example, the aerodynamic loading and the wing struc tu al deformation strongly interact, with their bal ance determining the overall wing behaviour. This balanc e must be evaluated for the different operational conditions the wing is exposed to, such as the crui se, manoeuvre, or take-off conditions. In addition, various objectives and constraints, based on for example, d rag, lift, weight, range, or fuel consumption, must be taken into account when designing aircraft wings. The cho i e depends on the key design goals being addressed . This requires high flexibility in the selection of the r sults of the integrated design analysis to adequat ly formulate the appropriate (constrained) optimisation problem r presenting the considered design case. The curren t work presents a flexible approach for multidisciplinary design analysis and optimisation, and its applicati on to aircraft wing design. The achieved results show sig nificant improvements of the wing performance for different design goals, demonstrating the effective ness and flexibility of the proposed approach. Key-Words: Multidisciplinary design analysis, multi-objective optimisation, collaborative engineering, collaborative enterprise


Remote sensing has been proven as a powerful tool for the monitoring and management of natural resources, this tool is now finding application in the countries of the South east Asian region. While some countries, such as Thailand, are already advanced in the use of remote sensing, others are only now transferring this technology into the role of resource management. Recent developments in microcomputer based systems have brought digital image processing within the reach of scientists and resource managers. This paper describes a programme of technology and application exchange between Australia and the ASEAN countries to establish a remote sensing capability for each member country. Through an ASEAN-AIMS-AIDAB programme the microBRlAN system, developed by CSIRO in Australia, was installed in five ASEAN countries. These systems were then linked to existing facilities and applications developed. A number of applications are now underway within the AIDAB funded Coastal Living Resources Project (CLRP) project including the mapping of coral reefs ecosystems, the monitoring of land use patterns, mangrove mapping and the analysis of coastal sediment patterns. Case studies are presented using both Australian and ASEAN data and the implications for remote sensing, in particular to remote sensing in the tropical zone, are discussed. The projects have highlighted a number of problem areas unique to the tropics, these include the high incidence of cloud, the quality (generally poor) and high price of data and finally the inadequacy of technical back-up and support. The future trends as they effect the ASEAN-AIMS-AIDAB project are assessed including the new generation of satellites, solutions to the problems unique to remote sensing in the tropics, the problems of continuity of data and the impact of technological change.


The complex relationships embedded in the youth culture of work during the modern era are examined. The history of youthful work looks different when focusing on people who are coming of age and entering the world of work, even if they might be defined as "children" by labor law. Learning to work and earning a wage became markers of adulthood, and young people across the industrializing world shaped labor markets and workplaces by their participation. As reformers pushed the legal age of labor upward, they came into conflict with young people's economic activities. Ironically, reformers moved both to prevent young people from working and to force them to labor in institutional settings such as industrial schools. This legacy has persisted into the twentieth and twenty-first centuries as young people continue to face a culture that delegitimizes their economic activities yet expects them to prepare for usefulness in the future. First is a focus on the early nineteenth century and pairing a brief look at early wage work and child labor reform in Europe and America with a closer examination of the experience of working girls in Lowell, Massachusetts. Second is a survey of the successful efforts to restrain and then delegitimize wage work for younger people with a more in-depth examination of youthful work in industrial and reform institutions. Finally, there is a brief look at the youth culture of work in recent years.


Most recent NIH studies and CDC publication were able to estimate the vaccine efficacy variation overtime, and to remove the previous vail of ultimate and absolute protection against SARS-CoV-2, known as COVID-19 with respect to delta variant, propagated in the USA. The statistical data shows clear that Vaccines as Pfizer ad Moderna works, in spite their efficacies are decreasing with about 5%/month, are still able to protect in a more complex manner than masks and nano-engineered aerodynamics based protection measures. If these measures are referring to preventing inhalation of any hazardous material, no matter the type of viruses, the vaccine is dealing with the effects of virus inside the body after the intake took place. These vaccines were considered an ultimate protection and praised as such, as being in fact big pharma business, easy to be understood by masses with a real nature hazard mitigation IQ level much lower than the one made at national level based on the actual IQ tests customized to keep happy Caucasians, but fit well on Pacific Rim Asians. The problem with engineered protection is that one needs a smart population, cooperating synergistically, and be knowledgeable on when and how to use the protection in order to stop pandemic, insulate aggressor virus, create a vaccine and terminate the hazard. The current US practice is dominated by high-level mis-information and politicization of pandemic, where the actual spike in delta variant is due to CDC suppression of masks, without reaching a heard immunity, praising and enforcing vaccination aggravated by the incompetence of conservatives, who do not understand that a sick or dead person cannot enjoy constitutional freedoms, and do not distinguish between a life threat and a right, simply opposing to government without coming with alternate measures, having a disastrous effect on US population which with only 4% of world's population delivered more than 25% of world's causalities. The current milestone of 610,000 deaths and 40 million infected made the world leery about US exceptionalism and its planetary leadership.


Experiments carried out with human foetal hypophysis or adenohypophysis cultured in combination with adrenal tissue supplied evidence that the human foetal adrenal possesses the potentiality to secrete hydrocortisone, and the human foetal hypophysis to secrete ACTH, and, further, that the hypophysis continues to produce ACTH at a low level without stimulation by the hypothalamus, at least for some time.ACTH added when hydrocortisone production had already been falling for several days invariably increased adrenocortical hormone production. Remarkably, this production reached its peak not on the day of addition, but 2 to 4 days later, although the cultures had been washed daily and no fresh ACTH had been introduced.


Tubercular osteomyelitis of the mandible is a relatively uncommon clinical entity. Hereby we are reporting such type of case in an eight year old female, presented with multiple pus discharging sinuses over right mandible for two months and responded well to antitubercular treatment.


Swelling experiments have been performed on two Kushiro coals subjected to supercritical CO 2 (SCCO 2 ). Furthermore, changes in the coal properties due to geochemical reaction following exposure to SCCO 2 were investigated. The results showed anisotropic strain with the strain always greater in the direction perpendicular to the bedding plane by a factor ranging between 1.1 up to 4.2. The maximum volumetric swelling was 1.06% at CO 2 pressure 8.32 MPa. Changes in the total weight with geochemical reaction are well observed within average around 2%. Substantial hydrocarbon (HC) was assumed mobilized from the weight changes in our experiment. Changes in the major metal oxide are dominated by silicon oxide (SiO 2 ), and aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3 ). Dissolving minerals and mobilizing HC was assumed causing an increase in porosity, accessibility to pore space, adsorption capacity and permeability. Thus, permeability reduction induced by CO 2 adsorption could be lower than the prediction by previous model that geochemical reaction is excluded.


Commercial food has been an essential part of any pediatric individual's diet since the minerals and vitamins help sustain their dietary requirements and is given as early as being a newborn. However, it also contains toxicological elements which are associated with long-term bodily effects. These elements can be essential and non-essential. Essential elements found in pediatric food given as early as infancy play a part in the development of pediatric individuals. On the other hand, non-essential elements which include the heavy metals and other toxins may have long-term effects with their brain development. Pediatric individuals, but most especially newborns, infants, and young children are the most vulnerable to these contaminants since their brain and organ systems are yet undeveloped. This article aims to identify the long-term bodily effects and the risk factors of toxicological elements found in commercial pediatric food, which will either hinder or suppress the proper growth of these individuals.


Fuzi(Radix Aconiti praeparate)is a very common used and effective herb with severe toxicity.In this article,the causes,symptoms,mechanism,treatment and prevention of its toxicity were discussed.It has a directing significance for clinic.


The ossification of the interparietal bone, including the shape and site of occurrence of the pre-interparietal, has been reported by Pal, Tamanker, Routal & Bhagwat (1984). This note is intended to report a further variation in the pre-interparietal bone and to discuss the possibilities of various variations in the interparietal region. Differentiation of a pre-interparietal bone a from the interparietal


Genetic diversity of three wide rhododendron(Rhododendron simsii Planch.) populations(23 individuals in total)sampled from the Guifeng Mountain, was evaluated with Inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR) markers. Among the 40 ISSR primers,7 could amplify clear and high polymorphic bands. Additionally, the polymorphic ISSR markers gave out 79 clear bands, and 74 of them were polymorphic, with a ratio of 93.67%. Simultaneously, the Na and Ne were 1.962 0 and 1.555 4,respectively;Nei's gene diversity(h) and Shannon's information index(I) were 0.330 8 and 0.499 0,respectively. Results showed that genetic diversity of Guifeng Mountain R. simsii population was high, and the genetic distance between populations Rho-M and Rho-H was just 0.069 8, as indicated the low genetic differentiation between populations. Therefore, this study will provide theoretical basis towards the future evaluation, preservation and breeding selection of R. simsii.


The internal flow and the liquid structure at the nozzle exit are investigated in a typical pressure swirl atomizer for aeroengine applications under an isothermal nonreacting environment using a two-phase flow modeling according to the volume-of-fluid numerical methodology. A parametrical analysis is performed to investigate the effect of operating conditions on the injector performances and the characteristics of the liquid jet exiting the nozzle. The liquid film thickness at the nozzle exit and the injector discharge coefficient predicted by the simulations are compared against commonly used correlations available in the literature. The influence of the turbulence model on the injector performances is also analyzed using three different models: the renormalization group k-ϵ model, the Reynolds stress model, and the large-eddy simulation model.


In the institutions of higher education has determined that one of the problems of the high rate of repetition or dropout rates lies in the methods used by teachers in their classrooms. This leads to a loss of resources for students, their families, educational institutions and the state. To correct these problems, new methodologies have been developed that use new information and communication technologies, but they are a replica of the traditional classes with the teaching resources uploaded to a computer or the internet. For this reason it is proposed the implementation of classroom inverted together with the problem based learning. This article proposes a method to create a structure and the resources required to carry out a course in Moodle with these two methodologies. The research has been carried out in the Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial, in the course "office tools". The aim is to provide new methodological tools for teachers and students to improve their performance and the satisfaction of the same. And thus reduce the percentage of grade repetition and desertion rates.


In this article the skewness of sap flow pattern and the time lag between stem sap flow and canopy transpiration in Acacia mangium, Schima superba and Bambusa chungii which were characterized with different hydraulic structures were analyzed. The spatial variation in sap flow within tree trunk and its effect on transpiration were also investigated. The results showed that both skewness and time lag in S. superba decreased with the increment of stem diameter at breast height (DBH). However, similar changes in A. maingum were not significant because of open canopy of the stand and differentiation among individuals. The skewness of sap flow pattern in B. chungii increased with DBH, but no significant relation between time lag and DBH was observed because of its smaller canopy that evenly received radiation. However the


Abstract Phytochemical investigation of the whole plants of Vernonia gratiosa Hance. led in the isolation and identification of two new stigmastane-type steroidal glucosides (1–2), namely vernogratiosides A (1), and B (2). Their chemical structures were fully elucidated based on 1 D/2D NMR spectroscopic, HR-ESI-MS data analyses, and by producing derivatives by chemical reactions. The binding potential of the isolated compounds to replicase protein − main protease of SARS-CoV-2 were examined using the molecular docking simulations. Our results show that the isolated steroidal glucosides (1–2) bind to the substrate‐binding site of SARS-CoV-2 main protease with binding affinities of −7.2 and −7.6 kcal/mol, respectively, as well as binding abilities equivalent to N3 inhibitor that has already been reported (–7.5 kcal/mol). Graphical Abstract


The goal of the Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) mission is to detect and characterize terrestrial exoplanets at visible wavelengths. One approach combines an 8m by 3.5m aperture telescope with a coronagraph (TPF-C) to obtain the required planet to parent star contrast. The proposed design places severe constraints on alignment tolerances and requires optics of the highest possible quality. The integration, test and verification of the observatory will require extraordinary procedures. This paper is an initial attempt to outline a plausible program to verify before launch the in-orbit performance requirements.


This paper presents a two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) controller which is formed by combining a feedback controller with a feedforward controller to control the vibration of the vehicle engine-body system. The robust feedback controller is designed by /spl mu/-synthesis to attenuate the effect of the engine vibration disturbance by modeling the vehicle engine-body system as a nominal 4-DOF vibration system with parameter variations and unmodeled dynamics. Based on the filtered-x least mean square algorithm, an active vibration controller is used as a feedforward controller to improve the control performance further. Using an experimental device, which was designed to imitate the real vehicle engine-body system, some experiments have been made to demonstrate the effectiveness of the control scheme.


Aneurysm of collateral vessels in celiac axis stenosis has seldom been reported. We report a case of hemoperitoneum due to spontaneous aneurysmal rupture of a previously unreported collateral vessel in a patient with median arcuate ligament syndrome. A 37-year-old man without any history of illness or trauma exhibited hemoperitoneum with an aneurysm in the right subhepatic area on CT. CT findings also included celiac stenosis due to median arcuate ligament thickening. Celiac and superior mesenteric artery angiography revealed an abnormal communicating artery aneurysm between the right gastroepiploic and right colic arteries. We named this aberrant anastomosis "gastroepiploico-colic communicating artery." This rare collateral channel may cause spontaneous aneurysmal rupture in the presence of celiac stenosis. We successfully treated the aneurysmal rupture by transcatheter arterial embolization.


PurposeThis paper proposes a framework for the implementation of sustainability practices by individual companies and corresponding supply chains (SCs), considering the various SC tiers, the three dimensions of sustainability and the following critical areas: Governance, Product and Process, Customers and Suppliers Management, and Stakeholder focus.Design/methodology/approachUsing several case studies of small- and medium-size companies, a qualitative methodology is used to develop the proposed framework.FindingsThe analysis of these case studies makes it possible to identify the sustainability practices that are the most important for practitioners, thereby reducing the number of sustainability practices specified in the literature and giving some insights regarding which should be used in addressing critical areas. A set of guidelines and actions is also suggested for managers to continue the path of sustainability.Research limitations/implicationsFurther studies in other cultural and national realities and industrial contexts are desirable to assess the proposed framework's suitability and the results obtained.Practical implicationsThe results of this study show that the practices implemented are highly dependent on the resources that the company can mobilize and, on the choices, and commitment to sustainability on the part of top management.Originality/valueThe authors propose a framework to help individual companies and corresponding SCs to implement sustainability practices considering the various dimensions of sustainability, critical areas and SC's various partners.


In an e ff ort to characterize the fast neutron radiation background, 16 EJ-309 liquid scintillator cells were installed in the Radiological Multi-sensor Analysis Platform (RadMAP) to collect data in the San Francisco Bay Area. Each fast neutron event was associated with speci fi c weather metrics (pressure, temperature, absolute humidity) and GPS coordinates. The expected exponential dependence of the fast neutron count rate on atmospheric pressure was demonstrated and event rates were subsequently adjusted given the measured pressure at the time of detection. Pressure adjusted data was also used to investigate the in fl uence of other environmental conditions on the neutron background rate. Using National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) coastal area lidar data, an algorithm was implemented to approximate sky-view factors (the total fraction of visible sky) for points along RadMAPs route. Three areas analyzed in San Francisco, Downtown Oakland, and Berkeley all demonstrated a suppression in the background rate of over 50% for the range of sky-view factors measured. This e ff ect, which is due to the shielding of cosmic-ray produced neutrons by surrounding buildings, was comparable to the pressure in fl uence which yielded a 32% suppression in the count rate over the range of pressures measured. This presents the results of a comprehensive study of the environmental in fl uences on the fast neutron background. Research demonstrated the signi fi cance of the altitude and atmospheric pressure in fl uence on the count rate, as documented in literature. It was determined that applying a pressure adjustment to measured rates improves background predictabil-ity by reducing systematic contributions. After applying a adjustment to the data, the e ff ects of other weather metrics, solar and surrounding structures were investigated. A study of in fl uence of shielding provided by surrounding structures was conducted by computing fraction unobstructed sky visible from mobile and comparing with the measured count rate.


Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) refers to two consecutive urine cultures growing more than 100,000 colony forming units (CFU)/ml of a bacterial species in a patient with no symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI). In sickle cell disease (SCD) patients, the anatomical and physiological defects associated with the disease make ASB more prone to worsen the sickle nephropathy and cause more kidney damage. Also, the urine concentration and acidification defects associated with SCD enhance urinary bacterial formation and proliferation. In resource poor settings where renal replacement therapy is limited, early detection and management of ASB in SCD children may retard this progression.

 The current study aims to investigate the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria, its major determinants and its effect on kidney functions in SCD patients for early detection and treatment.

 The study was conducted at Ain Shams University Children's Hospital and the Main Microbiology Laboratory at Clinical Pathology Department during the period between June 2019 and February 2020.The study included 30 children previously diagnosed as SCD by HB electrophoresis. A fresh voided mid-stream urine samples were collected once from all patients and subjected to urinalysis and culture on chromogenic media. Patients with positive culture results were asked to get another sample to confirm their culture results, while those with contaminated results were re-Instructed with precautions to get another fresh voided mid-stream urine samples. Only significant isolates were identified and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using disk diffusion method according to CLSI 2017. Patients were divided either into ASB or sterile urine groups according to their culture results. All SCD Patients were subjected to complete blood picture (CBC), reticulocytic count, markers of haemolysis (total, indirect bilirubin and LDH) and serum creatinine.

 The prevalence of confirmed ASB was 16.7% (5/30).All children in ASB group had pyuria(100%). Staph.saprophyticus (60%) (3/5)was the commonest organism isolated from the urine of these patients, followed by E.coli (20%)(1/5) & Klebsiella pnuemoniae (20%)(1/5).Sulfamethoxazole +Trimethoprim (Sutrim) was the most sensitive antibiotic among all isolated microorganisms.The difference in kidney funtion results among the two groups were statistically insignificant.

 Asymptomatic bacteriuria was of high prevalence in SCD pediatric patients in Egypt at Ain Shams University Hospitals. Pyuria was the only major determinant of ASB in this study.Staph.saprophyticus was the predominant organism isolated from ASB group. Sulfamethoxazole +Trimethoprim (Sutrim) was the drug of choice for empirical treatment of UTI.
 Serum creatinine was a non-sensitive marker to monitor any minor impairment in kidney functions.


For wireless embedded systems, the power consumption in the network interface (radio) plays a dominant role in determining battery life. In this paper, we explore transport protocol optimizations for reducing the energy consumption of wireless LAN interfaces. Our work is based on the observation that, the transport protocol, which implements flow control to regulate the network traffic, plays a significant role in determining the workload of the network interface. Hence, by monitoring run-time parameters in the transport protocol, coarse-granularity idle periods, which present the best opportunities for network interface power reduction, can be accurately identified. We further show that, by tuning parameters in the protocol software implementation, we can shape the activity profile of the network interface, making it more energy efficient while remaining compliant to the TCP standard. We have performed extensive current measurements using an experimental testbed that consists of a Compaq iPAQ PDA with a Cisco Aironet wireless network adapter, to validate the proposed techniques. Our measurements indicate energy savings ranging from 28% to 69% compared to the use of state-of-the-art MAC layer power reduction techniques, with little or no impact on performance.


Recent literature argues that the relation between overall external financing activities and future stock returns can be explained by the efficient real investment hypothesis and the accrual anomaly. We find that a measure of firms' external financing that is unrelated to overall investment and operation growth also predicts future stock returns. The predictability is mainly driven by the equity underperformance around earnings announcements of unrated firms that have high financing activities. These firms, which issue equity in addition to private debt, are among the smallest, youngest, and most unprofitable, and yet have the highest R&D spending and market-to-book ratios. JEL Classification: G14, G31, G32, M41, M42


[Objective] To find the relativity between the H.pylori infectionand and the chronic atrophic gastritis.[Methods] The 456 patients were diagnosed by gastroscopy and pathologica study as CAG( accompanied with intestinal metaplasia,dysplasia or canceration).Hp infection was found basing on a positive test for 13/14C-UBT and pathologica study.[Results] Among the 222(48.68% ) H.pylori positive of the total 456 subjects who were diagnosed of CAG ,the atrophic:mild 214(49.77%),moderate /severe 8(34.78%),intesfnal metaplasia:mild 131(45.64%);m/s 7(29.17%),dysplasia:mild 46(43.40%);m/s 3(23.08%).Canceration:6(1.32%).There was no significant statistically difference between H.pylori positive patients and H.pylori negative patients in atrophic,intesfnal metaplasia,and dysplasia.The χ2 test included atrophic(χ2=1.992,P =0.158);intesfnal metaplasia(χ2=2.436,P =0.119);dysplasia(χ2=1.974,P =0.160).[Conclusion] The H.pylori infectionand is not the only cause of he chronic atrophic gastritis.


The first time I heard the term enabling factors, I was in a health behavior class and we were discussing how two people can have the same clinical profile but one will have better outcomes because of variables that are not related to the treatment but do affect the outcome. I meant things related to social networks. This can include a relationship with a doctor who is truly invested in a patient or a politician who could make changes to the environment, such as disability access. Perhaps the most commonly known social influence is a caregiver – who is often a family.


Reducing the length of the anestrous period is a basic principal of reproductive management. Anestrous is the period from right after a cow gives birth, when her reproductive abilities are put on hold, until she resumes ovulation. During this period the cow's body rebuilds energy reserves for future reproduction. The postpartum interval is the amount of time that the cow remains in anestrous, until her first estrous cycle. The postpartum anestrous period is the highest nutrient demanding biological period of the beef cow.


The drilling rig ZJ50/3150JD is a new type rig combining electrical and mechanical driving system after the model of LS ZJ45J.It is still featured in low cost and easy maintenance,on the other hand,it solves the major deficiency of a mechanical rig,such as the restrict between rotary table speed and mud pump stroke,long transmission distance,and the way transmitting the mechanical power up to rotary table,etc.It is an exceptionally economic and durable rig,simple structure,efficiency,safety and portability.


We propose a framework for types and attributes that, instead of reducing attribute values such as red to types or making attributes columns of relations, organizes attributes as dual types and attribute values as morphisms from types to attributes. We formalize this organization syntactically via bimodules, and semantically via communes over bimodules. Communes generalize presheaves (for types) by pairing them with dual presheaves (for attributes), and generalize Chu spaces by stratifying their points and states with types and attributes respectively. Bimodules and commune categories arise as respectively initial and final bigenerated categories, analogously to the Kleisli/Eilenberg-Moore relationship. The commune categories, including Set, provide naturally arising instances of Cockett and Seely's notion of linearly distributive category without units.


WLF equation is the special temperature dependence of motion of segment——the special motion unit in polymer. The change of energy is not important in the motion of segment. The most important, alternatively, is the change of entropy. The reason is "giant" of macromolecule only, which causes a new parameter of structure——flexibility, its special temperature dependence of motion of segment——WLF equation and the special mechanical properties——rubber elasticity.


Preface List of Maps and Figures PART ONE: THE CAUSES AND CONTEXT OF THE CONFLICT Introduction Iran's Revolution and Iraq's Ambitions PART TWO: THE EARLY OPERATIONS The Iraqui Offensive of September 1980 and the Failure of Sadam's 'Limited War' Human Waves: Iran's Counter-Offensive and Operation Jerusalem, 1981-83 Escalation: Operations Wa al Fajr and Khaibar, 1984 Foreign Intervention, 1980-84 PART THREE: THE SEARCH FOR A DECISIVE RESULT Turning Point: Operations Badr and Fao, 1985-86 War of the Cities: Home Fronts, International Security and Insurgency PART FOUR: BREAKING THE IMPASSE The Tanker War, the Arms Trade and International Intervention, 1985-87 The Failure of Strategy: Iranian Offensives and Iraqi Counter-Offensives, 1987-88 Fuelling the Flames: Gulf Operations 1987-88 CONSEQUENCES AND CONCLUSIONS The Iran-Iraq War in Retrospect Notes Select Bibliography Index


This paper explores who needs what aspects of L2 English to what levels of proficiency, focusing on college English curriculum development in Korea. A survey was conducted of 532 college students in Seoul. Grounded that career is one of the most important motives for EFL learning, the participants were divided into seven groups based on their desired careers. The results show that the types of desired careers of the participants are highly correlative with the strength and weakness of their need for learning English, the kinds of English skills they want to learn, and the levels of English proficiency they hope to achieve.


In the preface of Scientific Materialism by Manio Bunge (the Canadian philosopher) published in 1981, Bunge claims that he will establish a sort of "Scientific Materialism".Indeed, he criticizes crude materialism in a right way , but in his eyes dialectical materialism is unscientific as well."Dogmatism" and "inaccuracy"are two basicanguments which he uses to criticize dialectical materialism. The author attempts to examine Bunges' criticism on dialectics concretely.


A layered division multiplexing (LDM) system provides two or more services over one RF (radio frequency) channel. The LDM system draws much attention as a next generation broadcast communication system because it can provide 3 to 6 dB higher system gain than a time division multiplexing (TDM) or a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) systems. Many studies have been conducted to improve the transmission capacity and the performance of the two-layer LDM system. In order to achieve the additional transmission capacity, however, it is necessary to study terrestrial broadcasting system adopting LDM system with more than two layers. In this paper, we present the feasibility of a three-layer LDM system by analyzing its spectrum efficiency according to signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and comparing it with those of TDM / FDM systems.


In this work, we tackle the Dynamic Optimization Problem (DOP) of IA in a real-world application using a Dynamic Optimization Algorithm (DOA) called Fractal Decomposition Algorithm (FDA), introduced by recently. We used FDA to perform IA on CCTV camera feed from a tunnel. As the camera viewpoint can change by multiple reasons such as wind, maintenance, etc. the alignment is required to guarantee the correct functioning of video-based traffic security system.


The classical approaches to detect cracks are performed by experienced inspection professionals by annotating the crack patterns manually. Because of each inspector's personal subjective experience, it is hard to guarantee objectiveness. To solve this issue, automated crack detection methods have been proposed however the methods are sensitive to image noise. Depending on the quality of image obtained, the image noise affect overall performance. In this paper, we propose crack detection method using a convolutional encoder-decoder network to overcome these weaknesses. Performance of which is significantly improved in terms of the recall, precision rate and F-measure than the previous methods.


This work deals with one stage in the development of a text-to-speech (TTS) system, which demands a great amount of time and effort, and is strongly related to the resulting speech quality: The determination of the speech-unit databank. For that matter, we present a software tool, the so-called Editor, integrating all major steps in the database determination in a single environment. The whole process includes recording, segmentation, and labeling of speech units to be concatenated in the time domain. The Editor includes a low-cost and precise method for determining the pitch marks, utilizing an auxiliary signal obtained from a contact (throat) microphone. For the phonetic speech labeling, we revise an algorithm for acoustic segmentation, which yields interesting results when proper operation conditions are imposed. The result is a simplified procedure for creating a complete unit database, fully integrated into a single and user- friendly system.


Based on the problem about computer mainboard of BIOS by overwrite for CHI virus, this article introduced the kind of BIOS, explained the reason about refurbish aborted and the way of treatment in order to make reader be able to maintenance own's BIOS better.


The authors, in continuing their previous studies, reported in the present paper the further studies on fine refractory and electric insulating material "steatite". The results were reported in Japanese, which are here briefly abstracted, as following:(a) The effects of serveral plastisers on moulding, shrinkages of drying and burning, strengths, densities, etc., were systematically studied and the following results were obtained.Table 1. Results of Comparative Studies on Effects of Various Plastisers (I)* These specimens cracked in water and could not be tested on strengthIt is clearly seen that sodium silicate and borax have no good effects on burning and other physical properties of steatite.(b) F. Reinhard (Tonindustrie-Zeitung, 1932, 56, 323) reported that alkali silicate or chloride has good effect on to produce magnesium orthosilicate (2MgO⋅SiO2) and to make good refractories. Hautefeuille (Ann. Chim. Phys., 1865, 4, 175) also reported that magnesium chloride has the same effect. The next table shows the results of studies on the effects of addition of magnesium chloride, which are better than those of sodium silicate and borax shown in the above table 1.Table 2. Results of Comparative Studies on Effects of Various Plastisers (II)It is seen from these results that magnesium chloride gave slightly good effect.(c) Nextly, it was studied that the relation between the compressive strength of the products and the moulding pressure, the amount of moulding water. The results were tabulated in the following table 3.Table 3. Relations between Moulding Pressures, Amounts of Moulding Water, etc. and Compressive Strengths of SteatiteFrom these results, it is clear that the compressive strength of the products depends li early on the moulding pressure, and the greater the moulding pressure is, the better the physical strength of the steatite. Relating to the amount of moulding water, E. A. Schoenberg (Elektrochem. Zeitschrift, 1933, 23, 545) reported on the dry moulding (Trockenpressung). The authors studied also on this point, which will be reported hereafter.(d) Compressive strengths of the specimens during heating at high temperatures (600°C and 10000C) were tested by the small cylindrical test pieces (Dia: 2cm and Length: 2.5cm) and compared the results with those of chamotte refractory materials (S. Nagai and S. Mannami, this Journal, 1930, 38, 788). The compressive strengths of steatite at high temperatures (600°C, 1000°C, etc.) were lower than that at the room temperature, this fact being quite contrary to that of chamotte refractories, as shown in the following table 4.Table 4. Results of Compressive Strength Testing at High Temperatures(CL-211 was the sample moulded by 2% solution od magnesium chloride)The steatite has far greater compressive strengths than those of chamotte refractories and it must be tested on at higher temperatures, which is now being studied and will be reported hereafter.(e) Spalling test was carried out by treating the small cyliindrical test pieces (Dia: 2cm and Length: 2.5cm) heating at 1200C for 30 minutes, throwing into cold water, and then compressive strengths, densities and porosities were compared to those before heat treatment. The results are shown in the following table 5.Table 5. Results of Spalling Tests of SteatiteFrom these results, it can be clearly seen that compressive or transverse srength decreases about 50-60% by heating at 1200°C for 30 minutes and quick cooling, and densities and porosities increase in every cases.The authors are now further studying on various points, e.g., change of molar ratio (MgO/SiO2) of steatite by adding magnesia or silica, thermal expansion, electrical properties, etc., which will be reported in the following reports.


The loss of teeth is a problem that often causes mastication, phonetic, and esthetic interferences. The use of removable partial denture (RPD) with clasp is often unsatisfactory for patients from functional and aesthetic aspects. Retention and stabilization must be considered in making RPD. In the case of free-end dentures, which fixed dentures (FD) is contraindicated, another option is a hybrid prosthesis that combines a RPD with FD using precision attachment. Clasp used as denture retention can be replaced with precision attachment to produce better retention.


The paper studies the influence of propellant thickness on the interior ballistic performance of an equilibrium launcher,such as,probable error of muzzle velocity,maximum pressure.An interior ballistic model of the equilibrium launcher is established,by which the interior ballistic performance is computed.A test for interior ballistic performance is accomplished.The computational results are in good agreement with test results.By means of Monte Carlo simulation,muzzle velocity and its probable error and maximum pressure in chamber are computed with different propellant thickness.The studies show that the propellant thickness has obvious influence on probable error of muzzle velocity and maximum pressure under the condition of same average muzzle velocity.The quantitative relation between parameters of interior ballistic performance and propellant thickness is acquired,which provides foundation for improving interior ballistic design of the equilibrium launcher.


Frustrated by his inability to improve the poor situation at his monastery, the Superior of the Ostrovoezerskii Trinity Monastery in Nizhnii Novgorod diocese, Archmonk Ioasaf, suggested in his annual report for 1911 that the monastery be converted into a convent. "Then, perhaps," he declared, "it will witness a renewal similar to the Makar'ev monastery, which as a male monastic community became nearly empty but, having become a female community, has now blossomed."1 Ioasaf's comments reflect the remarkable growth of female Orthodox monasticism that had taken place in Nizhnii Novgorod diocese, and in the Russian Empire more broadly, over the preceding 100 years. Indeed, as appendix table A1 demonstrates, due to this growth, Russian Orthodox monasticism had become overwhelmingly female by the early twentieth century, a development that was even more pronounced in Nizhnii Novgorod diocese (see table A2). Rapid growth, moreover, was accompanied by fundamental changes in organization, location, social composition, and, in important ways, orientation, to the point that, for some participants in the early twentieth-century debate over Russian monasticism,


In this paper,we introduced a kind of IP multicast network technology.Also we analyzed its mechanism andprecondition,and we gave a series of methods of sending and receiving multicast database package.Combining some devel-oping samples,we elaborated the design thought and implementation method of remote video transmission by using IP multi-cast technology.


Bacillus megaterium, a Gram-positive, aerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, has been found in widely diverse habitats and has been widely used as a source of recombinant protein in the industry.[1] With a cell length of up to 4 μm and a diameter of 1.5 μm, B. megaterium belongs to one of the largest known bacteria.[2]

To the best of our knowledge, B. megaterium has not been reported as the cause of brain abscesses, and infections caused by this bacterium are rare. For example, in 2006, Ramos-Esteban et al. reported the case of a 23-year-old man who developed delayed onset of lamellar keratitis caused by B. megaterium after an eye surgery.[3] In addition, in 2011, Duncan and Smith reported a 25-year-old woman who had a primary cutaneous infection caused by this bacterium most likely through microabrasions in the skin.[4] Here, we reported a case of brain abscess caused by B. megaterium in a Chinese woman.

On October 1, 2012, a 50-year-old woman with psoriasis was transferred to Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Beijing, China), with a 3-month history of fever and headache. She was in her usual state of health until July 2012, when she experienced a moderate (38–39°C) fever, right visual field defect, paralysis in the right extremities, headache, and vomiting. The patient's medical history was notable for psoriasis, and she was treated with oral corticosteroids (unknown category and dosage) for 1 month in July 2012. A lumber puncture showed an intracranial pressure of 270 mmH2O, a white blood cell count of 2080/μl with 81.5% polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and elevated protein levels of 1.9 g/L in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The CSF culture was negative. A magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the brain demonstrated lumpy enhancing lesions of T1-weighted imaging hypointense signal and slight T2-weighted imaging hyperintense signals in the left parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes as well as the ventriculitis [Figure 1a]. A needle biopsy of the lesions in the parietal lobe demonstrated chronic inflammation with scattered multinucleated giant cells. The patient was diagnosed with an intracranial infection at the outside hospital and treated with cephalosporins, vancomycin, fluconazole, and amphotericin for 1 month. Her health deteriorated with recurrent fever and headache despite the aforementioned medications, and she was transferred to our department.

Figure 1

(a) In August 2012, brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) demonstrated lumpy enhancing lesions of T1-weighted imaging hypointense signals and slight T2-weighted imaging hyperintense signals in the left parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes as well as ...

At admission, on October 7, 2012, complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, immunoglobulin levels, autoimmune antibodies, and a T-SPOT. TB test were within normal ranges. A CSF analysis showed a white blood cell count of 560 cells/μl with 78% polymorphonuclear leukocytes, protein 2.0 g/L, glucose 2.0 mmol/L, and chlorine 108 mmol/L [Figure 1c]. CSF culture was negative. We reviewed the brain biopsy specimen conducted at the outside hospital, which had shown an inflammatory granuloma. The patient was empirically treated with ceftazidime and vancomycin. The differential diagnosis at that stage was broad and included chronic bacterial infection, tuberculosis (TB), fungal infection, and neurosyphilis.

On October 9, 2012, the CSF tested positive for rapid plasma reagin (RPR). The patient, therefore, was suspected to have neurosyphilis, and was treated with ceftriaxone. On re-examination with RPR and a treponeme-specific test, we found that her CSF was negative, and neurosyphilis was subsequently excluded. She was suspected to have chronic bacterial cerebromeningitis, and was therefore treated with ceftriaxone and moxifloxacin.

On October 29, the patient still experienced fever and headaches; thus, we suspected that she had TB cerebromeningitis since the pathological examination had revealed a granuloma, and the broad-spectrum antibiotics did not alleviate her symptoms. Moreover, TB was the most common cause of chronic cerebromeningitis in China. We subsequently stopped ceftriaxone, and initiated diagnostic anti-TB therapy, which included isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, moxifloxacin, and amikacin.

On December 7, 2012, a repeated MRI demonstrated that the lesions remained unchanged. In addition, the patient's CSF was still abnormal. Stereotactic partial resection (3 cm × 3 cm) of the lesion was then performed on December 24, 2012 [Figure [Figure1d1d and ande].e]. Brain tissue was grinded in 1 ml of sterile nutritious broth by using a tissue grinder. The tissue-broth suspension was injected into aerobic and anaerobic blood culture bottles (BACTEC, Becton Dickinson, USA), and then incubated in automatic blood culture instrument (BACTEC9120). B. megaterium was cultured from the brain specimens after a 17-h incubation [Table 1]. The histological results demonstrated inflammation with small abscesses [Figure 1f]. Following this discovery, the patient was diagnosed with brain abscesses caused by B. megaterium and was treated with amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate and moxifloxacin.

Table 1

The results of the culture of the brain tissue specimens

After surgery, the patient's fever and neurological symptoms remitted, and the antibiotics were switched to penicillin on March 3, 2013 (4MU intravenous drip every six hours) [Figure 1b], until her CSF was normal [Figure 1c], and the cerebral MRI was stable. Penicillin was discontinued in November 2013, and the patient has been stable ever since December 2013.

We report a rare case of a B. megaterium-related brain abscess, which is the first adult brain abscess of this etiology described in the medical literature. Antibiotic therapy combined with surgical resection is considered crucial for successful treatment of large brain abscess. This case highlights the need for early microbiological diagnosis of brain abscesses to identify unusual pathogens when there is no response to empirical antibiotics.

Since the incubation time of B. megaterium of our patient was <48 h during bacterial culture, and long-term antimicrobial therapy and excision of the lesions were effective in alleviating her symptoms, we determined that B. megaterium was the culprit of the brain abscess. Importantly, when this bacterium is found in clinical laboratory specimens, it is often reported as "insignificant contaminant".[4] However, this case report proves that chronic brain abscesses can be caused by B. megaterium.

When histological results demonstrate granulomatous lesions but cultures are negative, intracranial space-occupying lesions are difficult to diagnose. Intracranial granuloma can be due to the response to infection, of which TB is the most common cause. Moreover, fungal lesions are also a well-documented cause. Of the various types of brain granulomas, neurosyphilis (cerebral gummas) is very rare but has been reported. Systemic granulomatous diseases, including sarcoid and Wegener's granulomatosis may have central nervous system (CNS) involvement. The differential diagnosis for our patient was challenging at admission, and she had been misdiagnosed with neurosyphilis and TB. Thus, chronic bacterial infection by B. megaterium should be considered when histological results demonstrated granulomatous lesions. We found the brain abscess caused by B. megaterium first presented as a granulomatous lesion, and later as a small abscess.

In our patient, the spreading route of B. megaterium was unclear. We hypothesize that the bacterium entered into her bloodstream and later localized to the brain. The infection had progressed significantly over a long period since the patient had not sought immediate medical attention. Therefore, the initial management of the patient at the clinic was suboptimal. Although antibiotics were effective on B. megaterium, the bacterium could already have had formed spores, and thus it was difficult to eradicate.

The ideal management of B. megaterium infections in the CNS is currently unknown due to the small number of cases in the literature. We postulate that if the organism is susceptible to penicillin, it will be a reasonable choice to treat CNS infection because it passes the blood-brain barrier. The successful treatment of our patient was mostly ascribed to surgical excision of the lesions. Taken together, we suggest that surgical resection of the brain abscess and the culture of tissue is necessary in cases where antibiotics are not effective.

There are limited data available for the treatment of brain abscess caused by B. megaterium, and thus, careful follow-up is necessary. The successful treatment of our patient was ascribed to surgical excision of the lesions and the effective antibiotic therapy.


The irritabla bowe syndrome is common illnesses to our country,that disease morbidity mechanism is unclear,the cause of disease pathogenesis is complicated.And the current situation the main body of a book is cured from cause of disease pathogenesis with bringing law under control waiting for aspect to have discussed medicine among them,composes in reply the prospect that traditional Chinese medicine cures to whose advantage being not worth having given a summary,having looked into the distance further.


The development of Guizhou's economy has made an obvious achievement from the low level. This paper analyzes the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and structures of Guizhou and its nine regions (cities, autonomous prefectures) by method of econometrics, and then calculates the predominant value of the GDP within the next ten years.


There is reservation about accepting the notion of widespread vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in sunny countries because information base is largely urban indoors, and the cut‐off serum 25(OH)D > 75.0 nmol/L to define sufficiency is perceived as high.


This paper presents a novel phase shifter working two-way at two different frequencies in order to obtain equal phase shift. The proposed phase shifter consists of two grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) lines and high dielectric constant slab over the GCPW lines. In realization of equal phase shift at two different frequencies, the length of two GCPW lines should be have inverse portion of frequency. Also, the length of BLT assumes to be equal to the length of two GCPW Lines. The simulated results show equal phase shift at 20GHz and 30GHz which is highly desired for many applications such as full duplex array, interleaved array, and multiband array.


Isoflavone is a natural substance, with estrogenic activity, widely distributed in the vegetable kingdom. The concentrations of these compositions are relatively higher in the leguminous plants and, mainly, in soy (Glycine max). The main isoflavones found in soy and its derivates are genistein, daidzein, and glycitein. Soya and its constituents have been consumed at high levels by several Asian populations for centuries, without any apparent adverse effects. However, the preoccupation that emerged due to potential adverse effects of this estrogenic activity of the isoflavones requires several safety studies with the use of phytotherapic preparations containing soy, Glycine max (L.) Merr. The present study evaluated the effects of the administration of a phytotherapic formulation containing Glycine max (L.) Merr., during the organogenesis period in Wistar rats. The rats were treated, orally, from the 6 to the 15 day of gestation. The groups studied received: 1.72 mg/kg/day (GS1); 8.60 mg/Kg/day (GS2) and 17.20 mg/kg/day (GS3) of a phytotherapic formulation (Soyfeme), the negative control group (GC-) the vehicle (distilled water) and positive control group (GC+) 4.27 mg/kg of isoflavones (approximately 45% of genistein, 23% of daidzein, and 4% of glycitein). The maternal toxicity and the embryo/fetotoxicity were evaluated. The results showed minimal maternal toxicity. In the evaluation of the daily consumption of ration of the progenitors, a statistically significant difference (p 0.05). However, in the evaluation of the individual body weight of the pups, the group GS3 (4.81showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in relation to the other groups: GC(5.18 ; GC+ (5.13 ; GS1 (5.00 ; GS2 (5.07. The progenitors also showed macroscopic alteration on the uterine walls represented as petechiae: GC(0/12); GC+ (0/12); GS1 (0/12); GS2 (7/12) and GS3 (9/12), evidencing a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). The pups exposed to the commercial formulation and the mix of isoflavones showed external macroscopic alterations, cutaneous hematomas, which did not occur in the same proportion (p<0.05) among the groups: GC(0/122), GC+ (23/117), GS1 (23/121 ), GS2 (20/109), GS3 (40/121), a greater occurrence rate of skeletal variants evidencing a statistically significant difference (p<0.05): GC(15.57/122), GC+ (18.80/117), GS1 (35.53/121), GS2 (37.61/109), GS3 (42,14/121) and retardation in the development of the ossification centers, evidencing a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in relation to the control groups: GC(15.57/122), GC+ (18.80/117), GS1 (35.53/121), GS2 (37.61/109), GS3 (42.14/121). This way, it is suggested that this phytotherapic formulation containing Glycine max (L.) Merr. can alter the gestation of the females treated; however, it does not have any potential for bone malformation at a dose of up to 17.20 mg/kg/day, in Wistar rats.


The growing demand on efficient power decentralized systems pushes the research community to investigate for innovative solutions in terms of energy management. This special section consists in 5 papers which treat various aspects of this field ranging from large wind turbine technology to domestic co-generation system. However, beyond this great disparity of power range and prime used energy, exists also similarities like the search of efficient maximum power point tracking methods or the search of the most appropriate combination of two complementary storage technologies.


Objective To detect the programmed death type-1(PD-1) expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood of chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients with different immune status and investigate its relationship with HBV DNA loads and ALT levels.Methods Blood samples were colleted from CHB patients in the immune-tolerance phase(group A,24 cases),in the immune-reactive phase(group B,64 cases),with HBeAg-negative(group C,23 cases) and 11 healthy people(group D) for detecting the expression levels of PD-1 on total CD4+and CD8+ T cells by flow cytometry.HBV DNA loads were determined by real-time fluorescent quantitative-PCR and ALT levels were examined as well.Results PD-1 expressions on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were higher in groups of B and C than those in groups of A and D(P0.05).PD-1 expression on CD8+ T cells was higher in group C than that in group B(P0.05).Correlation analysis showed that expression levels of PD-1 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were not correlated with HBV DNA loads or serum ALT levels.Conclusion The expression of PD-1 on peripheral blood T cells is closely related to the immune status of CHB patients.The liver inflammation,but not serum HBV DNA loads,is the important factor to influence the expression levels of PD-1 on T cells.


The problem of reproducing a desired sound field in space, not just at a number of discrete points, but over a continuous two‐dimensional area, is investigated. In theory, any sound field can be reconstructed perfectly in a given region by using a continuous monopole/dipole layer, but this is obviously not possible in practice. This paper attempts to give some quantitative measures of the extent to which a given sound field can be reproduced by using a number of discrete monopole sources. Some of the physical limitations that apply to any sound reproduction system are illustrated by studying a simple model. The desired sound field is a plane wave, the sources are ideal monopoles in a free field, and the optimal source accelerations are calculated using the traditional least‐squares method. All calculations are undertaken in the frequency domain, and three different loudspeaker arrangements are studied. The results clearly demonstrate that the quality of the reproduced sound field is mainly determined by t...


Objective To study the hypoglycemia in clinical manifestation,diagnosis and treatment of emergency.Methods Retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 50 cases of hypoglycemia,blood sugar levels in all patients,inducing factors,and to study the clinical manifestation.Results Among 50 patients with 47 cases within 1 hour after the symptoms effectively ease,after treatment for 3 to 7 h system were recovered and discharged,the rest of the 5 patients,2 cases died,1 cases of dementia,cerebral palsy and vegetative state in 2 cases.Conclusion For patients with hypoglycemia during emergency treatment should be timely and quickly,for patients with early enough attention must be paid to the clinical manifestations and rapid diagnosis,at the same time strengthening the differential diagnosis of the work,and make the preventive measures of diabetes.


This paper discusses the functions and service contents of the E-reading room of university library,probes into the requirements of the E-reading room of university library for the quality of the librarians,and puts forward some suggestions on increasing the service level of the librarians of the E-reading room.