Contents: Part I:Instructional Design and Courseware Design. Introduction. M.D. Roblyer, Fundamental Problems and Principles of Designing Effective Courseware. W. Wager, R.M. Gagn, Designing Computer-Aided Instruction. M.D. Merrill, Applying Component Display Theory to the Design of Courseware. Part II:Interactive Designs for Courseware. Introduction. toc D.A. Salisbury,Effective Drill and Practice Strategies. W.E. Montague, Promoting Cognitive Processing and Learning by Designing the Learning Environment. D.H. Jonassen, Integrating Learning Strategies into Courseware to Facilitate Deeper Processing. B.J. Schimmel, Providing Meaningful Feedback in Courseware. Part III: Adaptive Designs for Courseware.Introduction. AExternal Adaptations. C.A. Carrier, D.H. Jonassen, Adapting Courseware to Accommodate Individual Differences. S.M. Ross, G. Morrison, Adapting Instruction to Learner Performance and Background Variables. R.D. Tennyson, D.L. Christensen, MAIS: An Intelligent Adaptive Learning System. BInternal Adaptations. W. Hannum, Designing Courseware to Fit Subject Matter Structure. Part IV::Toward Intelligent CAI on Microcomputers.Introduction. S.A. Dennenberg, Semantic Network Designs for Courseware. W.E. McKay, Tutoring, Information Databases, and Iterative Design. J.M. Scandura, The Intelligent Rule Tutor. G. Kearsley, Authoring Systems for Intelligent Tutoring Systems on Personal Computers. Part V:Designing Motivating Courseware.Introduction. J. Keller, K. Suzuki, Application of the ARCS Motivation Model in Courseware Design.


John S. Rinehart (U. S. Naval Ordnance Test Station, Inyokern, China Lake, California)—Prediction of the shape of the crater that will be excavated by an impacting meteorite is a more complex problem than Schriever has indicated. The well-established meteorite craters are too few in number to provide a sound basis for generalization, particularly in view of the fact that there are scant data regarding the masses, velocities, or angles of impact of the meteorites that formed the craters.

During the last few years considerable data that bear on meteorite impacts have been acquired through studies of the impact of high-velocity missiles [RINEHART, 1950], More recently, the craters produced in rocklike material by 8,000 to 15,000 ft/sec missiles have been studied [RINEHART and WHITE, 1952]. These studies have demonstrated conclusively that the diameter of the meteorite crater can be many times the diameter of the meteorite. A half-inch diameter steel pellet that strikes a plaster of Paris target at 8,000 ft/sec produces a crater whose diameter is roughly four inches or eight times that of the pellet. The area of the mouth of the crater seems to depend primarily upon the kinetic energy of the missile. A 15,000 ft/sec, 0.6-gm aluminum pellet and a 8,000 ft/sec, 2-gm steel pellet, which are equivalent energy-wise, make about the same size openings.


Curcumin has antineoplastic properties and is considered a chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agent. Curcumin may be associated with radiation therapy (RT) as a radiosensitizer for cancer cells and a radioprotector for normal cells. In principle, it may result in a reduction of RT dosage for the same therapeutic effect on cancer cells, and further reduced damage to normal cells. Though the overall level of evidence is modest, limited to in vivo and in vitro experiences and practically no clinical trials, as the risks of adverse effects are extremely low, it is reasonable to promote the general supplementation with curcumin during RT targeting the reduction of side effects through anti-inflammatory mechanisms.


In this paper, we propose a novel methodology that classify the power system dynamics events patterns using neural network and wavelet through studying one single variable at a network bus. DWT allows the identification of components of the LFEO (low-frequency electromechanical oscillations), their frequencies, and magnitudes. Following the determination of the energy components' share of the studied signal using Parseval's theory and discrete wavelet transform, we get the input data. A total of five classes of disturbances, three different wavelet functions, and two different variables are tested. The experimental results emostrates that our methodology could classify different power disturbance types efficiently.


Handoff is one of the key techniques in the cellular mobile communication systems. In this paper a method for the soft handoff design and realization for C-CDMA Systems is presented in detail. The method introduced here can be exploited in practical cellular mobile communication systems.


The new City Hall in Alphen aan den Rijn is an eye-catching project. This article provides a short description of the project, illustrating that in designing such structures it is very important that those involved know one another, work another and benifit from earlier experiences. The main structural design is described, plus some information about the calculations and the connection between the software used and about problems experienced during the design phase.


Pit craters are quasi‐circular depressions observed on rocky and icy planetary bodies, as well as numerous asteroids. Pit craters are thought to form by overburden collapse into a subsurface cavity or volumetrically depleted zone. Importantly, the surface size and distribution of pit craters may provide an important record of otherwise inaccessible subsurface processes. However, because we cannot access the subsurface of many planetary bodies, we rely on physical and numerical models to infer processes linked to pit crater formation. Here, we use 3D seismic reflection data to quantify the palaeosurface and subsurface geometry of 59 Late Jurassic pit craters buried to depths of ∼3 km within a sedimentary basin, offshore NW Australia. The pit craters are typically funnel‐like, with an inverted conical upper section underlain by a pipe. Pit crater depths, that is, the height of inverted cone sections, correlate with their plan‐view length, consistent with observations of pit craters elsewhere; this trend is rendered less apparent by later sediment‐infilling. For the first time, we show some pit crater pipes connect to underlying igneous dikes or steeply dipping, likely dilatational portions of normal faults. Although some pit craters seemed to have formed due to faulting and others to dyking, they cannot be differentiated based on their surface expression. Our data also suggest pit crater size may not relate to the mechanical properties of the host material. Overall, we conclude that the surface expression of pit craters on Earth and other planetary bodies may not be diagnostic of subsurface processes or properties.


Which factors explain Mexican political elites' preferences towards the importance of corruption and its presence in Mexican institutions? This essay offers an empirical analysis of different factors that have contributed to explain Mexican political elite attitudes towards corruption. In order to do so, we address a quantitative analysis of the importance of corruption from the perspective of the elites, as well as of the existence of corruption in different institutions that are key for democratic consolidation. Using the Latin American Parliamentary Elites Project, we assess diverse dimensions as explanatory variables, offering evidence of its correlation with Mexican elites' preferences during the last decade


A feminist and sociohistorical study of Ingres's art which explores the meanings behind the fluid, distorted and sensualized bodies within these works.


Despite its simple formulation, the AUSM-type flux schemes exhibit robust and accurate treatment of both linear and non-linear waves in complex flow fields. This paper presents the progress of AUSM-type fluxes augmented with pressure-based weight functions introduced by the authors and colleagues. Starting from a robust and accurate numerical flux designed for single-phase gas dynamics (AUSMPW+), extensions to capture multi-phase flow physics with phase transition (AUSMPW+_N) have been carried out. The accuracy of the computed results by AUSMPW+_N for multi-phase flows is then further improved by introducing a simple phase interface sharpening procedure, which scales the volume fraction in a mass-conserving manner. Various all-speed compressible tests ranging from interactions between a shock and a phase interface, twoand three-dimensional interface-only problems to a cryogenic three-component flow with phase change are computed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Heterocycles, particularly pyrimidine derivatives, which are present in many natural products and many interesting synthetic compounds, are the most diverse class of organic compounds and have significant chemical, biomedical and industrial applications. Uracil, a pyrimidine derivative, constitutes a promising structure in widespread natural products and many of its derivatives exhibited significant pharmacological properties. They have been widely used as starting materials for the synthesis of a huge number of biologically important nitrogen-containing heterocycles. This review casts light on various methods for the construction of different heterocyclic systems utilizing aminouracil and aminothiouracil as versatile precursors. The heterocyclic systems mentioned in this review are categorized according to the type of the heterocyclic systems.


The purpose of this study was to examine music education faculty members' perceptions of admissions and selection criteria for entering master's students in music education degree programs. Using multistage sampling, we distributed a questionnaire to music education faculty at National Association of Schools of Music (NASM)-accredited institutions in the United States that offered master's degrees in music education. Results indicated that music education faculty were involved in most admission decisions, and that transcripts, interviews, and letters of recommendation were the most common materials submitted for review. In response to open-ended questions, participants reported that their admission decisions are usually determined by four criteria: academic skills, demonstration of potential as a graduate student, demonstration of teaching ability, and less measurable indicators. This exploration of the admissions and selection criteria that music education faculty use when making admission decisions provides music teacher educators a greater understanding of this important transition point.


Zoologyis an important subject fundamental course for majors of animal medicine,animal science in colleges and universities.According to the characteristics of the course and teaching experience of the lecturers,the teaching theory and curriculum management were innovated to improve teaching efficiency and teaching quality.


This paper presents a new active learning scheme using support vector machines (SVMs) and its application in identifying the feasibility design space of analog circuit. The proposed methodology uses a committee of SVM classifiers to exclude a large portion of the entire design space and samples only the feasibility region and its neighboring. We also introduce three accuracy metrics due to the extreme sparsity of the feasibility design space in the entire design space. Experimental results show that the three accuracy metrics of the final constructed classifier are much better than those of a classifier constructed by a passive learning scheme which samples the entire design space uniform randomly.


Letter from Manuel Urbina, II, to Thomas H. Kreneck, Director of the Houston Metropolitan Research Center, dated November 17, 1986. The letter accompanied Documents No. VII A and VIII A, which had been omitted from a previous donation of Manuel Urbina's documents by his family. Urbina also sends Kreneck copies of photographs of the ceremony at the Houston Metropolitan Research Center.


The larvae of Micromelalopha troglodyta were fed under both controlled and field conditions with leaves of the progeny of transgenic poplars carrying Bt genes planted in the field to evaluate the insect-resistance.The results showed that the highest revised mortality of 1~(st) larvae fed with leaves of transgenic poplars carrying Bt genes for 12 days reached (84.3%).The insecticidal capacity of transgenic poplars expressed the evident temporal dynamic:the revised mortality of 1~(st) larvae fed with leaves of 3 transgenic poplar clones FB45,FB51 and FB56 in June reached 56.9%~84.3%,but obviously decreased to 35.6%~45.1% in July and August,and again raised to 59.4%~80.8% in September.The sensitivity of the various instar larvae to transgenic poplars was different.The revised mortality of 1~(st)~3~(rd) larvae fed with leaves of transgenic poplars for 6 days reached 19.8%~25.4%,which had the significant difference with CK,but the mortality of 4~(th) and 5~(th) larvae had no significant difference.Transgenic poplar also greatly restrained the growth of most larvae,and it could greatly decrease the feeding and the rate of weight increase,which finally resulted in the death of larvae.


Work placement is one important tool for preparing students for real working life with focus on the companies need for risk management skills and ability to handle continuously changes in business life. There is political and societal demand for a closer cooperation and more exchange of knowledge between higher education and working life. The government, the industry in general, The Norwegian Society of Engineers and Technologists (NITO) and students encourage engineering educations to provide student with work-life experience. The academic institutions have an important role to enable university-industry interaction and stimulate the flow of knowledge. The Bologna Declaration from 1999 was signed by European Ministers of Education. Two main goals were highlighted in this declaration. Learning programs should focus on preparing students for graduate studies and the programs should qualify them for a continuously changes in the labor market. University of South-Eastern Norway, Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences (USN-TNM) has a clear strategy to strengthen the collaboration between the university, the industry and the students. The results from the study presented relates to Norwegian context, but quality issues and findings discussed in this paper are considered relevant in an international context. We present how University of South-Eastern Norway, Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences (USN-TNM) have some promising approach to overcome and resolve these challenges.


The present study documents the traditional knowledge and micropropagation strategies of medicinal plants belonging to family Asclepiadaceae with particular emphasis on a well-studied medicinal plant Gymnema sylvestre R.Br. The family Asclepiadaceae comprises about 320 genera and 2700 species. Due to the elevated market demand of the medicinal plants belonging to family Asclepiadaceae, most of the species are endangered, threatened, rare or critically endangered. The species of the family are also exploited locally due to their high medicinal value and other etanobotanical properties. There are other constrains as well which impede their abundance in nature including low seed germination and poor vegetative propagation. In this direction various in vitro micropropagation protocols have been established from time to time on a range of species of the family Asclepiadaceae. Present review thus emphasizes on medicinal importance and in vitro micropropagation studies on various plants of family Asclepiadaceae with special reference to Gymnema sylvestre. Gymnema sylvestre (Hindi: Gurmar) is a medicinal plant of immense pharmaceutical value, but it is disappearing fast from its natural habitat. The species is threatened with extinction due to its indiscriminate collection as raw material for pharmaceutical industry, where it is used for manufacturing of drugs for diabetes, asthma, eye complaints, etc. So, present study was designed to provide an overview that can serve as a data base and prospective guide on medicinal importance and micropropagation studies on family Asclepiadaceae in general and Gymnema sylvestre in particular.


This paper established a mechanical model for the elastic disc-shaft system containing a transverse crack in general case,and a set of dynamic equation are set up by using Lagrange principle.An assumed modes method is developed to investigate the vibration characteristic of the system,the relation between system's vibration frequency and rotational speed,depth and position of the crack are researched in details.Present results are compared with available data for special cases.


Ecological indicators, historical land use, and invasive species detection in the lower Iowa River floodplain." MA has been approved by the Examining Committee for the thesis requirement for the Master of Arts degree in Geography at the May 2014 graduation.


It is shown that rational extensions of the isotropic Dunkl oscillator in the plane can be obtained by adding some terms either to the radial equation or to the angular one obtained in the polar coordinates approach. In the former case, the isotropic harmonic oscillator is replaced by an isotropic anharmonic one, whose wave functions are expressed in terms of [Formula: see text]-Laguerre exceptional orthogonal polynomials. In the latter, it becomes an anisotropic potential, whose explicit form has been found in the simplest case associated with [Formula: see text]-Jacobi exceptional orthogonal polynomials.


We first study the so-called Heat equation with two families of elliptic operators whichare fully nonlinear, and depend on some eigenvalues of the Hessian matrix. The equationwith operators including the "large" eigenvalues has strong similarities with a Heatequation in lower dimension whereas, surprisingly, for operators including "small" eigenvalues it shares some properties with some transport equations. In particular, forthese operators, the Heat equation (which is nonlinear) not only does not have theproperty that "disturbances propagate with infinite speed" but may lead to quenchingin finite time. Last, based on our analysis of the Heat equations (for which we providea large variety of special solutions) for these operators, we inquire on the associated Fujita blow-up phenomena.


This proposed standard allows small increments of I/O to be added or modified in an easy, cost-effective way. It is offered here for public comment before submission to the IEEE Standards Board.


System for discontinuous multicarrier uplink management in a wireless communication system, method, device, and computer program product is described. Common timing parameters to use for multiple discontinuous uplink transmissions on two or more of each carrier of the radio carriers transmitted simultaneously from the access terminal can be identified. First operable condition, associated with a first wireless carrier, the second, different states is associated with a second wireless carrier. The first carrier may be operated in a first operable state at the same time as the second carrier being operated in the second operational state. Each carrier is operated in accordance with a common timing parameters. .FIELD 8


Nowadays, the appropriation of knowledge is perhaps more important in determining the distribution of income than the ownership of tangible assets. This article discusses a paradox of open science: the existence of a freely accessible stock of knowledge, often produced through taxpayers-funded research, is likely to exacerbate inequalities instead of increasing social justice. This is because of the privatisation of intellectual property rights. Among the possible solutions, we propose the creation of a new type of public enterprise for the production of knowledge-intensive goods. the proposal is inspired by the science production model of the modern research infrastructures.


The development of acoustical standards has in the past largely followed on the trailing edge of technology. Given the progressively more rapid development of new technology, it is critical that new standards be developed when needed in the timeliest manner possible. Furthermore, participants in working groups are volunteers with limited time available for this important work. Budgetary constraints may also limit travel to in-person meetings for many persons otherwise interested in participating and whose practical experience is essential to the process. On-line meeting and collaboration tools enable shorter, more effective, and more frequent meetings to move draft standards more quickly to a ballot-ready document. Documents can be edited collaboratively in real time using standard mark-up tools for immediate feedback from participants. This also enables participation across time zones. The use of a password protected "cloud network" ftp site for working group documents (e.g., drafts, reference documents,...


This study investigates the possible enhancement of flame resistance in powder-epoxy resin/glass fabric composites. For this purpose, the halogen-free flame retardants containing phosphorous, nitrogen and aluminium were used. The total content of the fillers did not exceed 25 wt%. The laminates assessed for flame retardancy were designed specifically to be used as components of seats in public transport. Thermal resistance of the laminates and the surfaces of partially burned composites were also examined using thermogravimetric and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analyses, respectively. On the basis of the obtained results, it was found that the highest flame resistance (V-0 class, minimum oxygen concentration = 35.5% and maximum average rate of heat emission = 38.5 kW/m2 at an incident heat flux of 50 kW/m2) was identified in the laminates with matrix comprising 15 wt% aluminium diethyl phosphinate and 10 wt% melamine polyphosphate. In turn, the laminates with the matrix containing ammonium polyphosphate as the main component achieved only the V-1 flammability class.


Abstract : The dichromate/nitric acid/sulfuric acid oxida tion of 3,5-dimethyl-1-t-butyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene furnished a mixture of the corresponding mono- and dicarboxylic acids. 2,4-Dinitrotoluene, on treatment with the same reagents, gave dinitrobenzoic acid and picric acid. The mechanism of the conversion of polynitrotoluenes to polynitrophenols is discussed. (Author)


R anesthesia techniques have been performed 12 times more often in the last 2 decades compared with previous decades, and this enormous increase may be related to the advantages of regional anesthesia and rarity of its serious complications.1 The emerging point of this study was the increasing incidence of regional anesthesia practice in our clinic, and the fact that the applications were performed by the residents under the supervision of the specialists. The aim of this study was to investigate complications related to regional anesthesia practice as well as its frequency and treatment. This retrospective study was conducted in the Anesthesiology and Reanimation Clinic of Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital in Ankara, Turkey. Between December 2004 and November 2005, 1041 patients that had regional anesthesia for surgery were analyzed retrospectively after the approval of our Institution's Ethical Committee. The data were obtained from the information in the regional anesthesia sheets. These sheets included the demographic data and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical classification of the patient as well as the data on the type of the operation. The complications were classified into 3 groups as perioperative, procedure-related, and postoperative, and the time that they appeared and their management was also recorded. The analysis of the data was performed using the SPSS package program version 11.5. Descriptive statistics were stated as median (minimum-maximum) or frequency (%). Chi square or Fisher's exact test was used for categorical comparisons. Mann Whitney U test, or Kruskal Wallis analysis of variance was used to compare the groups for continuous measurements. p<0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. The mean age of patients was 52.69 ±15.81 years (18-95). Of the total cases, 696 (66.9%) were male and 345 (33.1%) female. The numbers and the ratios of the types of regional anesthesia procedures, which were performed in our clinic, were 585 (56.2%) spinal, 263 (25.3%) combined spinal epidural (CSE), 182 (17.5%) epidural, and 11 (1.1%) peripheral nerve blocks. The complications related to the procedure of regional anesthesia that appeared during the operation were hypotension in 107 patients (10.27%), bradycardia in 46 patients (4.4%), nausea and vomiting in 35 patients (3.4%), insufficient block in 44 patients (4.22%), motor aphasia in one patient (0.1%), and respiratory and cardiac arrest in 3 patients (0.3%). One of those incidences resulted in death of the patient (0.096%) (Table 1). Postoperative complications were low back pain in 48 patients (4.7%), post dural puncture headache (PDPH) in 42 patients (4.1%), neck pain Brief Communication


Vibration of concrete beams reinforced by agglomerated silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles is studied based on numerical methods. The structure is simulated by Euler-Bernoulli beam model and the Mori-Tanaka model is used for obtaining the effective material properties of the structure. The concrete beam is located in soil medium which is modeled by spring elements. The motion equations are derived based on energy method and Hamilton\'s principle. Based on exact solution, the frequency of the structure is calculated. The effects of different parameters such as volume percent of SiO2 nanoparticles and agglomeration, soil medium and geometrical parameters of beam are shown on the frequency of system. The results show that with increasing the volume percent of SiO2 nanoparticles, the frequency increases.


Character education is not a type of subject, but it is a process of internalization or implanting positive values for students for having good characters. This study aims to analyze the implementation of character education in shaping social development of students, examine the obstacles of the implementation of character education in shaping the social development of students, and finding action plans for optimizing the implementation of character education in shaping students' social development. The method used in this research is a qualitative method. The data analysis is an interactive analysis model, namely, data collection, data reduction, data presentation and data verification. The results showed that the implementation of character education in shaping the social development of students in private elementary school of Mazmur 21 Pontianak in civilizing activities in the form of routine activities, spontaneous activities, exemplary and also conditioning starting in terms of standards and objectives, resources involved, characteristics of implementing organizations, communication, the attitude of the implementers, the social, economic and political environment, as well as the policy performance is good enough. The obstacles to the policy of implementing character education in shaping social development consist of internal factors and external factors of the school and students. The follow-up to overcome the obstacles is given according to the level of violations. It can be in form of correction (reprimand), compensation or punishment. The significane of this study is its contribution to people's thinking about the relation between character education and social development in order to be able to apply character education, both within the family and community.


This chapter returns to the concept of gender assessments, this time examining how they work after parents have determined their child is transgender. While many parents perceived themselves to be acutely vulnerable to state regulation, families with sexual-minority parents or racial-minority children were much more likely to have interventions into their lives by the state. When the state actually did intervene, however, it was with great consequence, and those interventions intensified the inequalities those families already suffered. Families with the greatest emotional and material resources, however, could marshal the state to assist them in problem solving, demonstrating the double life of the state (as enforcer and as resource provider) and the ways in which it exacerbates preexisting inequalities.


A secure payment system comprises a merchant POS client and a remote POS server. The merchant POS client comprises a reader 3 for reading a customer user token such as a payment card 5 and for accepting transaction details and customer verification data, and further comprises a computing device 1, 2 with access to a communications network and in communication with the reader. The remote POS server 7 is in communication with the merchant POS client through the network 6, and one or more elements of the merchant POS client business logic are assured by the remote POS server and not the merchant POS client. The system may include a merchant token such as a card (12, fig. 6) which is used to establish a secure communications channel with the POS client to the POS server. The merchant token preferably comprises a card having a display and a secure keyboard for receiving and encrypting a pin (fig. 9). The card reading device is preferably capable of receiving both the merchant token and a user card at the same time. A merchant token, a reader device, and a method of conducting a transaction using a payment system are also claimed.


This paper performs analytical and experimental investigation on the section properties of locally produced cold-formed steel sections. Effective width method given by BS EN1993-1-3 is used to calculate the section properties for two slender cold-formed steel channel sections, namely KS200C20 and KS250C20. Local buckling and distortional buckling are taken into account in the calculation. Effective width method has significantly reduced the full sectional area and thus gives a relative lower value for the sectional resistance of cold-formed steel channel sections. The analytical results is compared to manufacturer's data and differences of not more than 3.37% is recorded. Experimental study on the flexural behaviour on the two types of cold-formed steel channel sections is carried out. The results show that BS EN1993-1-3 has good agreement with experimental results for flexural resistance that included local and distortional buckling consideration. It is concluded that effective width method by BS EN1993-1-3 is suitable to calculate the section properties of of locally produced cold-formed steel channel sections.


An on-board refrigeration unit in conjunction with a cryostat is essential in assuring ultra-low temperatures for a superconducting magnet. This paper reports the characteristics of such a cryostat cooled with liquid helium and compares experimental with calculated results.


We argue that inadequately explained chronic dry eye-like symptoms reflect corneal hypersensitivity to tear evaporation (evaporative hyperalgesia) and those associated with the spectrum of disorders currently labeled as dry eye disease are consequences of neuropathic disorders of the corneal trigeminal nociceptive pathways in which clinical manifestations are determined by the location and downstream effects of its dysfunctional elements.


The article presents an analysis of production and consumption wastes generated in Tomsk Polytechnic University. The ways of optimizing waste treatment in TPU are suggested for reducing the negative impact on the environment.


This article explores the integration of the "Hebrew Sea" into the Zionist geography of national revival in the pre‐state period of Zionist history. The main argument is that the formation of the "Hebrew Sea" in pre‐state Israel was at the convergence of popular needs, commercial interests, geopolitical concerns and strategic considerations. Either in the sphere of popular culture or as a Zionist challenge and a national imperative, the "Hebrew Sea" increasingly became an extension of the Hebrew homeland under construction in the Jewish Settlement in Palestine. We transformed sand into a city And shall also make the sea a homeland (Shimshon Meltzer, "Tel Aviv's Seashore", 1936, quoted in Lutsky 17)


Bass et al ([2001][1]) have recently drawn attention to the insufficient recognition given by clinical services to somatoform disorders. Although the authors explicitly exclude children and adolescents, most of the issues they raise apply equally to the younger age groups.

It has long been known


Belal A. Kaifi, Trident University InternationalYalda Tarin, University of California, DavisAs an entrepreneur, Qasim has built his own successful organizations and has a consulting business helping other entrepreneurs develop their businesses worldwide. He is both a business owner and business developer, helping to rebuild Afghanistan's economy as well as restoring business. As an Afghan American, Qasim Tarin understands the culture along with the desires of the Afghans and can reach out and relate to them.In 1979, Qasim earned a degree in electrical engineering from International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in Kabul, Afghanistan. Through his education, Qasim was involved in connecting channels of telex and telegraph between Moscow and Kabul. He was also involved in the design of a typewriter to be connected to a PC through Teal Industry. Unfortunately, in the same year, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan and war broke out. Qasim left Afghanistan for the United States so that he could start a new life away from war and turmoil. He landed in the U.S. with only 50 dollars in his pocket. He slowly worked his way up, determined to be successful for the sake of his family.Qasim has been trained and has worked with large corporations such as Toshiba America, IBM, Cannon USA, Xerox Corporation, Hewlett Packard, Ricoh Corporation USA and Sharp Electronics. Through his leadership training for management and education from IBM, HP, Xerox universities and experience, Qasim Tarin began developing his own dotcom and technology business in 1994 in Pleasanton, California. Electro Imaging Systems, Inc. (EIS) is a document solutions business that provides top of the line copiers, facsimiles, printers, scanners, software, Multi-Functioning Printers (MFP), Managed IT Services, and Managed Print Systems (MPS). He started his business from zero and built the company to a multi-million dollar corporation in Northern California. In 1988, he married Salma Tarin, an Afghan American who also left Afghanistan due to the Soviet invasion. They now have three beautiful daughters.With his wife, Salma, Qasim developed the idea of the Afghan Business Network to give his knowledge and expertise of business development to all entrepreneurs around the world.Authors: Why do you think it is important for leaders to be both task and relationship oriented?Tarin: I agree that both are important. Relationship creates a moral support process and task is when specific duties need to be fulfilled based on the structure of an organization. Leadership comes in both ways. It's a combination of both because as a leader you need to motivate by creating a relationship-oriented environment and thus create a task-oriented environment. For example, leaders may use positive relationships with their employees in a way to create motivation for them to complete tasks. Employees will take their tasks more seriously because leaders will create a more motivational and positive environment for their employees.Authors: How can a multi-generational workforce learn from one another?Tarin: A leader must understand diversity in a workforce with different generations working in a business. I see the differences in mentalities and personalities of the different generations and it sometimes causes discrepancies in a business. However, everyone is unique . Just like each finger print is unique, so are people. In order to manage different generations, have them work together efficiently and productively, a structured system needs to be created. You can't create a job for the person. You need to create a system and bring the right person for that job.I firmly believe that the younger generations need to become the leaders and the older generations need to guide them and contribute their experience to those leaders. If we put an environment in that direction, all will work together efficiently. They will get along very well because they will understand the boundaries around them. …


Few analyses of antiresorptive (AR) treatment trials relate short‐term changes in bone turnover markers (BTMs) to subsequent fracture reduction seeking to estimate the proportion of treatment effect explained (PTE) by BTMs. Pooling such information would be useful to assess new ARs or novel dosing regimens. In the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) Bone Quality project, we analyzed individual‐level data from up to 62,000 participants enrolled in 12 bisphosphonate (BP) and four selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) placebo‐controlled fracture endpoint trials. Using BTM results for two bone formation markers (bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase [bone ALP] and pro‐collagen I N‐propeptide [PINP]) and one bone resorption marker (C‐terminal telopeptide of type I collagen [CTX]) and incident fracture outcome data, we estimated the PTE using two different models. Separate analyses were performed for incident morphometric vertebral, nonvertebral, and hip fractures over 1 to 5 years of follow‐up. For vertebral fracture, the results showed that changes in all three BTMs at 6 months explained a large proportion of the treatment effect of ARs (57 to >100%), but not for and non‐vertebral or hip fracture. We conclude that short‐term AR treatment‐related changes in bone ALP, PINP, and CTX account for a large proportion of the treatment effect for vertebral fracture. Change in BTMs is a useful surrogate marker to study the anti‐fracture efficacy of new AR compounds or novel dosing regiments with approved AR drugs. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.


Purpose – This paper aims to explore relationship marketing and the existence of relationships in mass consumer markets from the consumers' perspective, with the focus on the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector.Design/methodology/approach – Ten focus groups were conducted with consumers from a broad range of demographic and socio‐economic backgrounds to enable in‐depth exploration of the research issue.Findings – The study highlights the dominant negative attitudes that exist among consumers to relationship marketing as it is operationalised in FMCG markets. It is found that from the consumers' perspective relationships do not and cannot exist in these markets and that the nature of exchange in such markets is not relationship based. Consequently, the research concludes that there is a necessity to move away from relationship rhetoric in FMCG markets, and to explore the true nature of exchange in the quest for effective marketing strategies. The research also suggests that further research on relatio...


Involving people with dementia in research raises many ethical and practical issues for people with dementia, carers and family members, researchers and care professionals. Internationally, the legal, governance and ethical framework for such research is rapidly changing, and there is considerable debate about how these changes will affect social research that needs to involve people with advancing dementia. This article is based on challenges that the authors faced when trying to develop a follow-up research proposal that would have involved people with advancing dementia, and consequential loss of capacity, in social research. It explores a range of issues and concerns, including accessing data to identify potential participants, assessing mental capacity, obtaining consent and the role of gatekeepers. These issues are discussed in the context of emerging governance in social care research and current and new legislation in the UK, the rest of Europe and beyond. The existing processes of ethical review are outlined and the implications for research of the new Mental Capacity Act, recently implemented in England and Wales, are considered. The difficult balance between protecting vulnerable individuals, recognizing the importance and benefits to society of research and maintaining an individual's right to take part in research is discussed. The article concludes with recommendations for researchers planning to undertake projects that may include people with reduced capacity as participants.


The increase in the resistance of with addition of Ca is attributed to the formation ofthe acceptor impurity by " which substitutes Ti4+. However, some authors suggested that can not substitute because of its larger ionic radius. In this work, the existence of acceptor by Ca hasbeen studied through the high temperature equilibrium electrical conductivity of codoped with Caand Nb, where Ba/(Ti+Ca+Nb) was kept equal to unity. It was measured at , and the oxygenpartial pressure was controlled between ~ 1 atm. Changing the amount of added Ca and Nbresulted in the compensation effect between donor and acceptor, i.e., Nb was compensated by the acceptor.And through the defect chemical interpretation of the measured data, it was concluded that Ti canbe substitued with Ca. The existence of such acceptor was reaffirmated by ICTS(Isotherma1 CapacitanceTransient Spectroscopy) measurements.oscopy) measurements.


Abstract Early pottery on the territory from the Eastern Caspian Sea and Aral Sea to Denmark reveals a certain typological similarity. It is represented by egg-shaped vessels with an S-shaped profile of the upper part and a pointed bottom. The vessels are not ornamented or decorated with incised lines, organized often in a net. This type of pottery was spread within hunter-gatherer ancient groups. The forest-steppe Volga region is one of the earliest centers of pottery production in Eastern Europe. The first pottery is recorded here in the last quarter of the seventh millennium BC. Its appearance is associated with the bearers of the Elshanskaya cultural tradition. The most likely source of its formation is the territory of Central Asia. Later, due to aridization, these ceramic traditions distributed further westward to the forest-steppe Don region. During the first half of the sixth millennium BC, groups associated with the bearers of the Elshanskaya cultural tradition moved westward. Significant similarities with the ceramic complexes of the Elshanskaya culture are found in materials from a number of early pottery cultures of Central Europe and the Baltic (Narva, Neman, and Ertebølle).


During 1995-1999, length and weight of digestive tract were determined for seven species of rodents (Muridae) from Jinhua, Zhejiang, Eastern China We carried out this study to quantify (1) the difference on length and weight of digestive tract among the species belong to same family or genus; (2) the difference on length and weight of digestive tract between rodents inhabited the forest and ones inhabited the town and countryside Rodents captured from field were dissected and the digestive tract of each animal was separated into stomach, small intestine, caecum, and larger intestine At first, we measured the unstretched length of each digestive organ using a ruler (± 1 mm ), then opened the organs and washed away the content inside the organs with physiological saline solution, at last, the organ tissue were oven dried at 65 ℃ to constant mass and weighed (±0 1 mg) In family Muridae, there were significant interspecific difference on length and weight of digestive tract The variation on digestive tract was related to the diet of the rodents Interspecific variation on length of digestive tract was significant larger than that on weight of digestive tract, suggesting length of digestive tract separated the diet type of the rodents better than weight of digestive tract Interspecific variation on length of caecum and large intestine was significant larger than that on length of small intestine, suggesting length of caecum and large intestine separated diet type better than length of small intestine Moreover, rodents inhabited the forest, mainly feed on plants, had larger stomach, caecum and large intestine than did granivorous ones inhabited the town and countryside Small intestine length, however, did not differ significantly between the rodents from the two habitats mentioned above


As a follow-up on our previous study of a series of purines (purine, 6-chloropurine, purine-6-thiol, hypoxanthine, theobromine, theophylline, caffeine, and uric acid), we have investigated six additional biologically important purines (adenine, guanine, isoguanine, thioguanine, xanthine, and kinetin). Their ground-state dipole moments were measured in dioxane at 293 K. The first excited singlet-state dipole moments were obtained using the solvatochromic shift equations (McRae, Suppan, Bakhshiev, and Kawski-Chamma-Viallet). The theoretical dipole moments were calculated as a combination of the π-moment (PPP method) and the σ-moment (vector sum of the σ-bond and σ-group moments). The same approach was used to obtain their first excited singlet-state dipole moments (excited state π-moment; σ-moment assumed to be the same as in the ground state). Ab initio HF 6-31G ** calculations were also used to obtain ground-state dipole moments for all the fourteen purines under study. In addition, a DFT/B3PW91/6311++(2df,2p) calculation has been carried out for purine for comparison. The different sets of theoretical dipole moments were compared with the respective experimental values. There is an approximately equally good agreement among the experimental dipole moments and the PPP + σ dipole moments (±6.9%) and the ab initio dipole moments (±7.4%). The effect of structure on the dipole moments is discussed.


Necessary and sufficient conditions for the weak consistency of the sample median of independent, but not identically distributed random variables are given and discussed.


In order to understand the fact of recent girl students' physical exercise in Institution of Higher Learning,an investigation into the matter is made by applying behavioural scientific theory.Views on major reasons of girl students' participation in physical exercise are presented as well as some problems requiring attention are analyzed and discussed,and their strategies are put forward.


We attempt to explore whether salvianolic acid B (Sal.B) can inhibit SDF‐1α‐induced biological effects on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Cellular effects of Sal.B on cell proliferation and migration were investigated in A10 cells by MTT assay, wound‐healing assay and flow cytometry. The regulation of ERK‐MAPK pathway, apoptosis‐associated proteins, FAK, CXCR4 and SDF‐1α were determined. The apoptotic effect of Sal.B was also examined by DNA ladder assay and cell cycle analysis on cultured VSMCs. Furthermore, the luciferase‐based assay was used to measure the promoter activity of NF‐κB on cultured VSMCs stimulated by 10 ng.mL−1 SDF‐1α and/or 0.075 mg.mL−1 Sal.B. SDF‐1α stimulated cell proliferation and migration, which can be significantly inhibited by Sal.B. The up‐regulation of CXCR4, FAK, phosphor‐FAK, Raf‐1, MEK, ERK1/2 and phospho‐ERK1/2 induced by SDF‐1α was also markedly decreased by Sal.B. Additionally, Sal.B markedly increased Bcl‐2 but decreased caspase‐3 leading to apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner. SDF‐1α‐mediated increase of NF‐κB promoter activity was suppressed by Sal.B treatment. The inhibitory and apoptotic effects of Sal.B on SDF‐1α‐triggered proliferation and migration of VSMCs were exerted through decreasing CXCR4 expression and its downstream pathways, and activating caspase‐dependent apoptosis pathway.


The soils used for livestock in the Bajo Cauca (Antioquia, Colombia) are characterized by having acid pH, low fertility, erosion, compaction, and overgrazing. For this reason, there are deficiencies in nutritional quality and forage production, especially in dry seasons. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the use of forage resources adaptable to this area. To compare the nutritional and productive profile of the species Crescentia cujete, Gliricidia sepium, and Tithonia diversifolia, experimental plots were established in Hacienda La Candelaria, using a completely randomized block design with and factorial arrangement. Plant height, green forage and dry matter yield (DM), dry matter content (DM %), neutral detergent fiber (NDF %), acid detergent fiber (ADF %), and crude protein (CP %) were evaluated. An analysis of variance and Tukey's test were performed with significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) for dry matter yield, with a projected annual production of 13.75 t/ha for Crescentia cujete, 23.2 t/ha for Gliricidia sepium, and 18.47 t/ha for Tithonia diversifolia. Significant differences were found for NDF (p = 0.0349), ADF (p < 0.0001) and CP (p = 0.0037). Crescentia cujete showed the highest NDF (46.5 %) and ADF (25.1 %) contents, whereas Tithonia diversifolia recorded the lowest values (32.6 % NDF and 14.4 % ADF). The CP content was 25.2 % for Tithonia diversifolia, 24.3 % for Gliricidia sepium, and 15.0 % for Crescentia cujete. These results suggest that these species have a potential use in livestock systems in poor soil conditions.


The Drinfeld discriminant has a series expansion around infinity, whose coefficients ak lie in A=Fq[T] and satisfy deg ak⩽k. We determine the set of subscripts k for which the bound is attained and prove congruences for the ak and for the coefficients of related functions.


eosinophils degranulate and degenerated collagen fibers appear as ''flame figures.'' However, this finding is not diagnostic because it can be found in other dermatoses such as bullous pemphigoid, insect bites, and herpes gestationis. Our case showed diffuse eosinophil infiltrates with numerous ''flame figures'' in the dermis and subcutaneous tissues. The clinical and pathological findings were consistent with the diagnosis of eosinophilic cellulitis. The therapy for eosinophilic cellulitis includes oral prednisolone, dapsone, colchicine, cyclosporine, and azathioprine. Oral prednisolone is the treatment of choice. However, Ferreli et al. reported successful results using topical steroids in patients with eosinophilic cellulitis. In our case, we applied topical steroids because the lesion was limited to only one area, and the patient's mother denied systemic steroid therapy. The lesion showed complete remission with only topical steroids in 2 weeks. Eosinophilic cellulitis in infancy is rare. This case illustrates that the differential diagnosis for annular, erythematous, and indurated lesions should include eosinophilic cellulitis.


Working Draft For the last two decades, external actors have channeled millions of dollars into the Arab world on initiatives designed to promote democracy. Resources for non-governmental organizations (NGOs), funds for democracy awareness workshops, campaigns for winning hearts and minds, policies to enhance the economies of these regions, and efforts to increase public awareness about the virtues of democracy are but a few of the ways in which external actors, especially the US, have engaged the democratization paradigm in the Arab world. These democratization strategies are informed by a bottom-up approach to democracy, where individual political preferences matter for the type of political institutions that emerge and endure. Yet, despite greater appreciation for democracy and advancements in human and economic development, the Arab World today remains one of the last bastions of authoritarian rule across the globe. So frustrated are the citizens of the Arab world with existing corrupt governments and dismal economies that the dearth of democratic revolutions from below is indeed surprising. Although the last two decades have witnessed greater appreciation and support for democracy, more democratic contestation, modernization gains, and economic growth, the Arab world today is still removed from democracy. And even while we monitor developments in Egypt, Winter 2011, there are serious questions about whether we'll witness a democratic transition, or whether Egypt will gradually withstand pressures for democratization. This state of affairs remains one of the more pervasive puzzles of Arab politics. The truth is that in conversations with ordinary citizens across the region, I found significant pockets of support for existing authoritarian regimes, even among citizens who were most disaffected by such dictatorial rule. Similarly, these citizens continue to profess support for existing authoritarian


I have been pestering my good friend Alkis Kontos for some time to offer a statement of his position on the distinction between true and false needs, including instruction on how I had erred in finding that distinction wanting . The paper before us is not unexpectedly difficult to respond to, falling as it does somewhere between the cryptic utterances of the Delphic Qracle and the riddles of the Sphinx . Moreover, Kontos has wrapped himself in the mantles of not one but two great thinkers, here present, to whom I am much indebted, thus tending to insure in advance that I would appear not only unreasonable but ungrateful should I persist in the error ofmy ways . Yet persist I must . I shall take up three points : (1) the relation between an ontological assumption and a theory (and practice) of social change ; (2) the application of Kontos's ontological postulate to the Marxist theory of capitalist development; (3) the implications of the appearance-reality distinction for social inquiry . 1 . Kontos claims that "ontological assumptions are inevitable in relation to the question of human needs . " The assumption to which he is inclined is that the human essence is reflected in "free, creative activity" ; he warns us that we cannot expect to demonstrate the correctness of our ontological assumptions in any apodictic sense, and he suggests we adopt one as an "orientation" . I can accept all this, at least for the sake of argument . Yet I still do not think we should build a theory of social change on such foundations . Kontos himself reminds us of "the problem of competing ontologies" . I take this to mean that reasonable men and women can disagree about ontological questions and that no final resolution of such questions should be expected . Thus, among such reasonable persons, some will accept the abovementioned representation of the human essence, and some will not. More importantly, however, there can be strong disagreements, among those who do accept it, over what conclusions in social analysis can be drawn from it . In my


ABSTRACT Spiders are among the most important predators in forest litter layer that control food chain and decomposition process. However, little is known about the changes in litter-spider communities from wind-exposed to wind-shielded areas during monsoon seasons, and their roles in litter arthropod distribution and decomposition processes. In the present study, the densities and diversities of the spider communities in litter were examined at the two locations in monsoon and non-monsoon seasons in southern Taiwan. Enclosures with/without the spider Ctenus yaeyamensi were set up to compare litter arthropod distribution and decomposition rates in litterbags in different sampling units. It was found that the mean density of litter spiders was significantly greater in wind-shielded area than wind-exposed area. There was a marked impact of structure and depth of litter layers on guild composition, but not on the diversity indices of the litter spider communities. The litter invertebrates and decomposition rates did not differ between enclosures with/without spiders. However, there was a marked difference in litter arthropod abundance between monsoon and non-monsoon seasons in wind-exposed areas. The decomposition rate was remarkably greater in non-monsoon seasons than in monsoon seasons, whereas there were no marked differences between wind-shielded and wind-exposed locations. It was concluded that litter arthropod distribution and related decomposition were affected by variation of monsoon seasons but not by spider presence/absence in Nanjenshan Rain Forest.


Abstract : The application of even modest magnetic fields to the amplifying material in the helium-neon laser profoundly modifies the operational characteristics of the laser. The magnetic field introduces a Faraday effect and a Zeeman effect. Both of these effects tend to reduce the power output of the laser. A simple theory is set forth which describes the impact of these effects on the output. The experimental work which was carried out with a laser oscillating at a wavelength of 6328 A is generally in agreement with the theory. An attempt is made to explain some observed deviations from the expected results. (Author)


# Background

Much research activity throughout the world has advanced on acute stroke care interventions, however, patients in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) benefit less from stroke care practices due to continuing challenges. The aim of this study was to systematically explore stroke care provision challenges at the largest referral hospital in Malawi, from the perspectives of service providers, patients with stroke and their caregivers.

# Methods

A qualitative exploratory study with purposefully-selected participants explored challenges to stroke care from the perspectives of service providers, patients with stroke, and caregivers through focus-group discussions. Semi structured interviews were also conducted with physicians for patients with stroke. Thematic analysis was used to categorize the data.

# Results

Four key themes emerged: 1) lack of effective implementation of stroke care approaches due to lack of recognition and priority in critical care medicine, limited interprofessional contacts, communication disarray among providers, and lack of follow-up after discharge, particularly from rehabilitation professionals; 2) erratic and insufficient physiotherapy treatment due to limited referrals by physicians, limited visibility of physiotherapists in the hospital, and lack of proper service planning by physiotherapists; 3) Patient-mix challenges from intermingling patients with varying conditions, risking both physical harm and the development of nosocomial infections, and; 4) resource limitations from inadequate qualified service providers, limited medical supplies, unreliable equipment, and lack of warm bedding for patients.

# Conclusions

This study presented the challenges to stroke care provision, from structural, practice, and resource perspectives. There is a need to put in place context specific, and implementable care protocols to facilitate holistic care for patients with stroke. Economically possible structural needs for instance introduction of stroke-specific care wards in the referral hospitals could improve quality of stroke care services in Malawi.


We describe an environment-friendly fabrication process for microretarders with a high contrast ratio and well-defined stripe bound- aries. It is shown that by accurately controlling the power, spot size, and scanning speed of a CO2 laser beam, the retardation property of a poly- meric film can be tailored within a localized area without altering that of the untreated areas. The measurements and analyses of the contrast ratios on the microretarders are presented. A microretarder can be used in many applications, especially in stereoscopic displays. © 2001 Society of


Depredation can have economic, social and ecological impacts by decreasing fishery landings and threatening marine predator populations through increased risk of entanglement. This investigation quantified the loss of landings attributed to harbour seal, Phoca vitulina L., and spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias L., depredation in the Georges Bank, Massachusetts, USA gillnet fishery. Approximately 1361 kg (2.38%) of fish was discarded from a total possible catch weight of nearly 57 300 kg because it was unsalable following depredation. Spiny dogfish accounted for 1134 kg (1.98%), and harbour seal accounted for 227 kg (0.40%) of discards. This represented an estimated US$2250 loss in profits from a total possible catch value of almost US$61 800, signifying a 3.64% market-value loss during the assessment period. These results suggest that discarding due to harbour seal and spiny dogfish depredation results in a relatively small market loss to fishers, although additional information and research is needed before this can be confirmed. This study is the first on this subject in the fishery and provides baseline information on depredation rates that could be useful if harbour seal and spiny dogfish populations continue to increase.


Recent well-designed preclinical studies have demonstrated that KRAS mutations can activate the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway, which is a pivotal role in tumor progression. Therefore, inhibition of this KRAS-NF-κB axis would be a promising target to develop a new molecular targeted anticancer agent. Curcumin, a naturally occurring polyphenol derived from the plant Curcuma longa, has been shown to block NF-κB signaling pathway via at least two mechanisms; inhibition of IkB phosphorylation and inhibition of ubiquitin-dependent degradation of IκB. Recently dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase (DYRK2), a positive regulator of the 26S proteasome, has been reported as a direct molecular target of curcumin, which is consisted with the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway by curcumin. Several preclinical studies have clearly demonstrated that curcumin exhibits anticancer effects in colorectal cancer model through NF-κB inhibition. However, since curcumin is highly lipophilic and orally administrated curcumin has very low bioavailability, its clinical application in cancer patients has been hampered. Very recently we developed a synthetic water-soluble prodrug CMG, curcumin mono-β-D-glucuronide, to overcome these problems. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effect of CMG on oxaliplatin (L-OHP) -resistant colorectal cancer cells HCT116 with KRAS mutation and p53 deletion (KRAS+p53- cells). Curcumin, the active substance released from CMG in vivo, showed similar effects regardless of KRAS/p53 mutation status in vitro. In xenograft models using KRAS+p53- HCT116 cells, intraperitoneal administration of CMG significantly superior antitumor effects compared to L-OHP monotherapy. Notably, no adverse events were noted in the CMG group, whereas bodyweight loss, severe myelosuppression, and liver damage were observed in the L-OHP group. Combination of CMG and L-OHP showed additive antitumor effects with moderate suppression of liver damage by L-OHP. These results indicate that CMG could be a novel anticancer drug with minimal toxicities for colon cancer patients with KRAS and p53 mutations. Citation Format: Hideaki Kakeya, Atsuhiro Kishimoto, Hitomi Umeta, Atsushi Imaizumi, Masashi Kanai. Development of an injectable water-soluble anticancer drug CMG for oxaliplatin-resistant colorectal cancer with KRAS mutation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2019 Oct 26-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2019;18(12 Suppl):Abstract nr C014. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.TARG-19-C014


This paper describes the combined application of crystal structure prediction and targeted experimental crystallization to diflunisal, a fluorinated, aromatic carboxylic acid. Graph set analysis has been used to analyze and classify the structural predictions, and crystallization solvents have been selected to promote the formation of crystals containing the most commonly predicted hydrogen-bonding motifs. Accordingly, four new crystal structures of this material were solved, two solvates and two new polymorphs. This example further highlights both the insight offered by crystal structure prediction software and the limitations of current solution crystallization strategies.


Clustering of the training data using K-means method improved the generalization ability of kernel-based Fisher discriminant analysis. In this study, Gaussian type kernel function was used. The proposed method is applied to the vision-based recognition of the 41 Japanese Sign Language (JSL) static hand postures, which express part of the Japanese syllabary. The reflective near-infrared light method was used with few burdens for a hand postures hand postures in which the outline were similar cannot be discriminated, or a hand had to be colored. In this study, the reflective near-infrared light method without a cumbersome glove-like device is applied to the recognition of the 41 JSL static hand postures. After preprocessing for the raw data, feature vector was extracted by K-means method and Gaussian type kernel function [5]. For classification of 41 postures of 4 subjects, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used. expressioner compared with the conventional methods. The image data obtained by this 2 Manual Japanese Syllabary,


The main purpose of this paper is to present a conceptual approach to understanding the extension of the Prym map from the space of admissible double covers of stable curves to different toroidal compactifications of the moduli space of principally polarized abelian varieties. By separating the combinatorial problems from the geometric aspects we can reduce this to the computation of certain monodromy cones. In this way we not only shed new light on the extension results of Alexeev, Birkenhake, Hulek, and Vologodsky for the second Voronoi toroidal compactification, but we also apply this to other toroidal compactifications, in particular the perfect cone compactification, for which we obtain a combinatorial characterization of the indeterminacy locus, as well as a geometric description up to codimension six, and an explicit toroidal resolution of the Prym map up to codimension four.


Background  Several treatment modalities using laser devices have been used for the treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars with various therapeutic outcomes.


Resolution No. 7 of February 24, 2010, which provides for the minimum requirements for the operation of Intensive Care Units (ICU), provides that pharmaceutical assistance at the bedside must be guaranteed and integrated with the other care activities provided to the patient. The aim of this study was to characterize the pharmaceutical care provided in the ICU of Brazilian hospitals. This is an observational sectional study through an online survey with pharmacists working in the ICU for more than 3 consecutive months, which consisted of three stages. The data collection questionnaire was validated by four members of the research team, specialists and with experience in the area, representing four regions of the country, using the Delphi technique in two rounds to obtain consensus. In the pilot study, the time taken to complete the questionnaire and the electronic platform, the cognito forms, were evaluated. The collection took place over 106 days in 2019 and the link was posted on social media and by email. Descriptive data analysis was performed using the R-Studio interface. Of the 163 pharmacists who answered the questionnaire, the majority were female, white skin color, women under 37 years of age, graduated less than 10 years ago, with graduate degrees and less than 3 years in the ICU, withoutspecific qualification. Hired workers, with a workload of more than 40 hours per week, day workers. The hospitals were general and large, located in the Southeast, private, teaching and research entity. The ICU were aimed at adult patients, with a permanent multidisciplinary team and rounds from Monday to Friday. Concerning the structure, the majority of pharmacists were not exclusive to the ICU, took care of 17 beds and provided in 5 days a week. They had access to a shared computer, to prescriptions, charts and laboratory tests, in a computerized system. Concerning the results, they performed 3 pharmaceutical interventions a day with doctors, nurses and nursing technicians; in the stages of conciliation and prescription, scheduling, medication preparation and administration and monitored 4 indicators, however in an unstructured, not standardized or scientifically based way. This survey was able to characterize the pharmaceutical care provided in Brazilian ICU and may serve as a basis for defining and improving parameters of structure, process and result and for the evaluation of pharmaceutical services performed in
the ICU


The present invention relates to a sensor device for detecting radiation signal. While maintaining bondable capacity four sides, to allow for high signal integrity and cost efficiency, the proposed sensor device, a sensor array (22 having a plurality of detectors (11, 11a, b) ), a sensor element for converting an electrical signal in which a plurality of corresponding radiation signal (74, 74 ') which receives (14), the horizontal between the first surface (28) and the second surface (30) an interposer element extending in a direction (16,16a~16d), including an integrated circuit element (18,18a~18d). Interposer element (16,16A~16d) includes a front (24) facing the sensor element (14), and a parallel back (26) to the front surface (24), provided on the back (26) to direct the electrical signal to the back contact structure (40), front contact structure (36) is provided on the front surface (24). Integrated circuit elements, facing the back (26) and is electrically connected to the back contact structure (40).


EDI is expected to be the dominant form of business communication between organisations moving to the Electronic Commerce era of 2000. The emergence of world-wide EDI standards (like EDIFACT) is a key driver towards this direction. However, the design of new EDIFACT messages is a tedious and complicated task, due to the strict restrictions imposed by the standard. This paper reports on the development of an EDIFACT message generator, i.e. a tool which automatically designs new messages according to input data flows. The development of the system was based on the ORACLE Sql*plus and Forms Designer. The paper also proposes a new methodology for business analysis and modeling while integrates all aspects of message development and discusses the idea of automated tools that could assist this effort.


In this experiment,the direct spinal effect of TRH on tail-flick reflex and itsinteraction with morphine were studied by intrathecal injection according to Yakshand Rudy(1976).Intrathecal injection of 1μg,5μg or 10μg of TRH produced adlose-related long lasting shortening of tail-flick latency.Either intrathecal orsubcutaneous morphine could induce its full analgesic effect in spite of the presenceof intrathecal TRH.When morphine was injected first,intrathecal TRH wasunable to reverse the morphine prolongation of tail-flick latency.These resultssuggest that TRH acts on spinal,elements closer to the efferent side,while morphineacts on spinal elements closer to the afferent side.


The reliability of mine operators reports to the Health and Safety Analysis Center of the U.S. Department of Labor of days lost from work by injured miners is .267. The research the authors' report in this paper provides an estimate of the reliability of a measure of the severity of a coal miner's injury reported in the HSAC data base--days lost from work. To do this, they use information about days lost from work from two separate measures in the HSAC data base along with a classification of the circumstances that contributed to the injury that occurred. In this paper, the authors describe the HSAC data from which their reliability estimate is derived. They also outline the specification, identification, estimation, and evaluation of a factor analysis model of the reliability of the observed measures of injury severity. An application of the model to the HSAC data is presented and implications of the reliability model for policy and future research are discussed.


The relationships among pollen fertility,morphology and nutritional components of 5 rabiteye blueberry(Vaccinium ashei) cultivars,'Brightwell','Gardenblue','Powderblue','Premier' and 'Climax',were studied by using electronic microscope.The results showed that the inner membrane system could be clearly seen in pollen morphology and the degrees of development were different in rabiteye blueberry varieties.Before blossom,cell nucleolus of pollen was much bigger,and the protein synthetic activity increased rapidly.The comparison and analysis between the morphology and nutritional components of pollen showed us that there was positive correlation trend between the whole-sugar or proline contents and germination rates of pollen.However,there were no correlation between the thickness of wall or the protein contents and the germination rates of pollen.While the development degrees of endoplasmic reticulum were positively correlated with the protein contents of pollen.It could be conferred that the total sugar and proline contents were closely correlated with pollen development and fertility in rabiteye blueberry.


File transferring over the IP has come a long way ever since the beginning of the
internet era. Hosts connected to a network are able to exchange almost everything from
text to images, to even larger files such as audio and video, via the internet. Audio file
transfer has become more popular with the ability to share songs in mp3 formats. Audio
file transfer has also made it possible for 2 hosts from different locations who are
connected to the same network, to communicate with each other. In the scenario above,
it is acceptable for one host to unicasts the audio files to the other host. However, it is no
longer efficient when 3 or more hosts are involved in transferring files or
communicating among themselves as a group. The host intending to communicate with
the other hosts, would have to unicast it's audio file repeatedly to each and every host
connected to the network. Broadcasting would be able to address this issue. To further
enhance the efficiency of grouped audio file transfer, security features can be
implemented. This is to ensure the three main aspects of security which are
confidentiality, authentication, and data integrity in audio file transfer is addressed. In
this thesis, broadcasting is implemented to enable audio conference between 3 hosts with
digital signature and encryption to secure it.


Introduction: Kinesiotaping is a typical method used in physical therapy. It has the potential to boost muscle strength and performance when used properly The aim of the study is to determine the immediate effect of 35% tension Kinesiotaping on handgrip strength in healthy males.

Methods: The study involved 60 healthy males (physical therapy students) between the ages of 20 and 23. The participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: the tension Kinesiotaping group (tKT), undergoing taping at a 35%tension, or the control group, receiving the identical taping technique but without tension. All participants' handgrip strength was measured using a hand-held dynamometre. The measurements were taken before and after taping for 30 minutes.

Results: Only in the tension Kinesiotaping group was there substantial improvement in handgrip strength (tKT). There were no significant differences in the control group before and after 30 minutes (p=0.970), but significant results were noted in the tKT group after applying kinesiotape with a 35% tension (p<0.001).

Conclusions: In healthy males, Kinesiotaping with a 35% tension causes an immediate increase in handgrip strength.


Objective To assess the effectiveness and advantage of the high tibial osteotomy with Giebel system fixation on treating elderly varus knees. Methods Sixteen elderly patients with varus knee were selected. Preoperatively, the mean varus angle was 12. 5°; the range of motion was larger than 90? other space of the knee joint and the stability were relatively normal. The main symptom was the pain in medial part. Accurate high tibial osteotomy with Giebel system fixation was performed in 26 knees of these patients. Weight-bearing extremity X-ray testing, varus angle, mechanical axle and anatomical axle were measured preoperatively and postoperatively. Joint space discrepancy between lateral and medial joints, the range of motion, Lysholm score and patients satisfactory degree were determined to evaluate the outcome of the treatment. Results The mean follow-up of 16 patients was 21 months. During this period, no vascular and nerve injury and no broken of the plate and screw were observed. All the osteotomy achieved bony healing. The corrected angle was 12. 4°. The mechanism axle of the extremity was maintained at that level after operation during the follow-up and there was no aggravated degeneration of the joint space. The excellent rate of the treatment was 87. 5% , and 81. 3% of the patients were satisfied with the operation. No difference in the range of motion before and after operation was found, but the Lysholm score, joint space discrepancy between lateral and medial joint and varus angle were improved after the osteotomy. Conclusions The high tibial osteotomy with Giebel system fixateon can correct the senile varus knee effectively. The Giebel system has the advantages of minimal invasion, stronger intensity and higher healing rate.


Segmentation of ultrasound data is improved when using multi−parametric approach. In this paper we propose the use of Multi−Parametric Mean Shift procedure (MPMS). Two derived processes are described: MPMS smoothing which achieves a multi−parametric filtering in the spatial−range domain and MPMS segmentation which takes benefit of this filtering for segmenting the multidimensional data. MPMS segmentation is particularly attractive, since it achieves an unsupervised segmentation. These methods were positively tested on three sets of simulated ultrasonic data, representative of various scatterers densities and also various scattering conditions.


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Magneto-optical Kerr effect and electric resistance of Fe deposited on fused quartz substrates were observed during ultra-high vacuum deposition. Resistance measurements show that Fe makes islands on the quartz substrates and those island-like films turn to a continuous film at about 115 A in thickness at room temperature, while, magneto-optical Kerr effect is observable from 16 A and remanence magnetization appears from 21 A.


The anodic oxidation of the ureas EtNH·CO·NR1OR2(1)–(5) has been studied by cyclic voltammetry and controlled potential electrolysis in acetonitrile at a glassy carbon electrode. The products of oxidation suggest that (1)–(3) result in cleavage between the carbon of the ethylaminocarbonyl group and the nitrogen of the hydroxyamino-group. Part of the intermediate radical of (3) undergoes disproportionation rather than cleavage of the carbon–nitrogen bond. In the case of (4) and (5), the cleavage of the carbon–nitrogen bond as observed in (1)–(3) is the main reaction route, but the possibility of N–N coupling of the intermediate followed by intramolecular rearrangement cannot be neglected. Oxidations were carried out in both divided and undivided cells.


Orexin receptors potently signal to lipid messenger systems, and our previous studies have suggested that PLD would be one of these. We thus wanted to verify this by direct measurements and clarify the molecular mechanism of the coupling.


The purpose of this program are: (1) to create a design motif of wovenfabric "goyor" more varied; and (2) to make the color composition. The methodused in this program is the training and mentoring. The program is carried outin stages: (1) an increase in knowledge about the importance of developing adesign motif for expanding market segment; (2) provide assistance equipment;(3) training of development product design; and (4) assistance in the form ofconsultancy to the problems faced. Through this program produced three formsof design motifs. Products are finished with attractive colors compositions willincrease the selling price. With the help of tools and capital in the form of asewing machine and materials, the real impact that can be seen is the sustainabilityofthebusiness.


Association of "senile" cataract (SC) with glucose intolerance (impaired tolerance and diabetes) was assessed by sex and age in a random population sample comprising 930 individuals aged 40–70 yr, who underwent concurrent oral glucose tolerance test and ophthalmoscopy. The eye examination was performed without knowledge of the glucose tolerance status. SC was defined as lens opacification preventing visualization of the eyeground or as surgical aphakia due to SC. To assess the independent effect of hyperglycemia, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) was determined in 769 participants. In men, no association was found between SC, glucose intolerance, and HbA1. In women of all ages, glucose intolerance was associated with an SC risk ratio of 6.1 (95% confidence limits 3.3–11.1; P < 0.001). Furthermore, SC was associated in women with increased HbA1 independently of the effect of glucose intolerance (P < 0.01). These findings confirm the reported association of SC with diabetes (although unlike the Framingham and HANES population studies, the association was confined in women), indicate its presence at all degrees of glucose intolerance, and suggest a possible independent role of nonenzymatic glycosylation in its pathogenesis.


This paper presents an analysis of the role it can play a certified building against pub-lic policy education and improving the quality of education in its territory territorial entity, seen from the context of public administration. The study does not address from large territorial units as capital or departments, but rather is the review of pro-cesses which can perform a certified entity to build a real policy of quality in educa-tion, and how are linked the various agencies that are part of the educational process and how they can help in improving the learning conditions of students through ad-ministrative actions taken by the secretariat of education.


Abstract Background Working memory and attention are fundamental and closely linked cognitive domains. This close link is exemplified by the crucial role of selective attention for the selection of information to be encoded into working memory. Patients with schizophrenia are markedly impaired in many aspects of both domains. However, the interplay between these cognitive deficits on both the cognitive and neurophysiological level remains poorly understood. Based on our previous findings regarding the central role of impaired working memory encoding to working memory dysfunction in schizophrenia, we hypothesize, that impaired attentional processes contribute to working memory dysfunction specifically during the encoding stage. This hypothesis was tested in both a behavioral experiment and in an fMRI imaging genetics study. Methods For the behavioral study, we investigated 35 patients with schizophrenia and 35 matched healthy controls. In a change detection task, participants were simultaneously presented with both highly salient and non-salient spatial information. They were instructed to encode either the highly salient or the non-salient information. In half of the conditions, they were aided by a cue pointing them towards the relevant information. Our goal was to test, whether patients with schizophrenia were biased toward a particular type of information and whether a top-down cue would influence such a bias. In the imaging genetics study, we investigated 100 right-handed individuals without personal or family history of psychiatric disorders, who performed a visuospatial change detection task. The fMRI data were preprocessed and analyzed using Brain Voyager QX 20. For genotyping we used a custom Illumina HumanCoreExome-24 BeadChip array. We calculated polygenic scores (PGS) for schizophrenia based on 108 loci associated with schizophrenia in a recent mega-analysis of the Psychiatric Genetic Consortium (PGC2). We computed whole brain correlations between BOLD activation and PGS to elucidate the relationship between genetic risk for schizophrenia and abnormal brain function. Results In the behavioral study, patients were significantly more impaired when required to encode non-salient compared to salient information. However, this impairment was specific to conditions without a top-down cue. This demonstrates, that patients could use top-down attention to overcome a bottom-up bias towards highly salient information during working memory encoding. In the fMRI data, we observed a significant negative correlation between BOLD activation in the right temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) during working memory encoding and PGS for schizophrenia. Across all subjects, this area showed robust deactivation during encoding. The TPJ is a crucial region of the ventral attention network and is closely involved in bottom-up attentional processes. Previous fMRI studies observed stronger deactivation of the TPJ during working memory encoding with increasing cognitive demand. Therefore, our results indicate that participants with a higher genetic risk for schizophrenia had to commit more cognitive resources by downregulating their ventral attention network. Discussion Taken together, the results of both studies point toward specific disturbance of bottom-up attention during working memory encoding, which might be linked to genetic risk for schizophrenia. Conversely, top-down attention appears to be relatively spared. These findings provide new constraints for cognitive and neurophysiological models of impaired working memory encoding in schizophrenia.


Introduction Most osteoporotic fractures occur at anatomic sites predominant in trabecular bone (TB), including wrist, vertebrae or ribs [1]. There is growing evidence that, next to bone volume fraction, the architecture of the trabecular network determines the bone's mechanical competence. However, it is less well understood which of the myriad of structural measures are most important in predicting bone strength. It would therefore be desirable to have a more direct measure of bone strength. In particular, it would be of interest to know whether drug intervention improves bone strength. Recent advances in computational biomechanics now allow estimation of mechanical parameters based on 3D image information obtained in vivo as input into a micro-finite-element (μFE) model to assess treatment efficacy [2]. Here, we submitted 3D spin-echo images from the distal-tibial metaphysis in early postmenopausal women to μFE analysis using a custom-designed software [3] to evaluate the hypothesis that estradiol preserves the elastic moduli whereas the absence of estrogen supplementation leads to a reduction in mechanical competence. Methods Sixty-five early postmenopausal women, 45-55 yr of age, were recruited for the study. Thirty-two of them chose estrogen supplementation (estradiol group); the remainder did not (control group). Micro-MRI of the distal tibia was performed at baseline and 12 and 24 months thereafter to determine the temporal changes in the TB at 137 x 137 x 410-μm voxel size using a customized RF coil and 3D FLASE (fast large-angle spin-echo) [4] sequence at 1.5-T field strength (General Electric Signa, Milwaukee, WI). Navigator echoes acquired simultaneously with the image data were used to retrospectively correct for translational subject motion during the scan [5]. Motion-corrected k-space data was Fourier transformed yielding 32 image slices. The number of subjects who provided adequate image quality for the baseline to 12(24)-month interval was 28(23) for the control group and 23(19) for the estradiol group. Subsequently, a local thresholding procedure was applied [6], yielding an image in which the gray value of each voxel equals the fractional marrow content with 100% and 0% intensity representing pure marrow and bone, respectively. The marrow-volume fraction maps were sinc-interpolated by a factor of 3x3x3, yielding 45.7 x 45.7 x 137-μm voxels. The 12and 24-month repeat images of each subject were registered in 3D [7] to match the corresponding baseline volume using tri-linear interpolation. Finally, 10 x 10 x 5-mm cuboid subvolumes were automatically extracted from the center of the TB region for micro finite-element (μFE) analysis with image voxels being converted to hexahedral finite elements. Micro-FE models were generated by converting each voxel into hexahedral finite elements. The Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of pure bone tissue were chosen as 15 GPa and 0.3, respectively, and the Young's modulus of each finite element was set proportional to the intensity of the corresponding voxels. Finally, Young's moduli (E11, E22, E33) and shear moduli (G23, G31, G12) of the sub-volume were calculated using a μFE solver developed in authors' laboratory by performing three compressive and three shear tests and solving for the compliance matrix [3]. The mean change in parameters from baseline to 12 and 24 months was computed for both control and treatment group using JMP software (Version 7.0; SAS Institute; Cary, NC).


The accelerating increase of chronic diseases is challenging modern health care services to develop and adopt new strategies for health care provision. These changing health care strategies have major impacts on healthcare users and providers, who are pressured to adapt their understanding of their own health and their everyday practices. For example, modern health care provision increasingly presupposes the ability of every patient to self-administer his or her own health care. However, adherence to self-administering tasks is strenuous, complex and hard work, and demands a long-term commitment by the chronically ill person. New medical technologies push the boundaries of health care provision and it alters the professional roles of the health care workers. This conference was designed to critically scrutinise such changes of the social and health care systems and to examine alternative models. I presented on the final day of the conference in a concurrent session entitled Contexts of Health. The session was well received with opportunities for questions, comments and comparisons among the three presentations. Dialogues with international colleagues carried on into the coffee session following the presentations.
Feedback from the session was positive.


In visualising the heritage of the future, photo-realistic digital renderings of university developments serve a productive role in bringing their depicted content into being. Representing intended locations for the production of knowledge and the reproduction of social realities, such images possess a semiotic and affective role in relation to planning, promotion and the generation of capital and political will, and appear to accelerate past the messy but necessary processes of negotiation, construction, maintenance and even post-occupancy to represent a state of idealized completion before the fact. In borrowing the appearance of the photographic but also elements of its truth function (Tagg, 1988), photorealistic architectural media assist in the manifestation of 'truths to be' via the agency of production processes characterised by the convergence of imaging, construction, and economic functions on networked platforms (Cheshire, 2017). If for K Michael Hays, architecture is now 'just part of the smooth media mix' (Hays, 2001), this could be argued to be an outcome of developments described by Tafuri which reduce it to a 'moment in the chain of technological production' (Tafuri 1998). The effects of the participation of the university in the industrialisation of the production of spectacular space has wider epistemological repercussions: heritage, amongst other forms of knowledge, is deferred, forever yet to be produced. This paper explores the agency of images that attempt to portray locations in which the future production of knowledge take place, in order to bring them into being.


Strategic management practices provide small firms with new tools for survival, growth and maintaining a sustainable competitive advantage. The general objective of this study was to examine an evaluation of strategic management practices on financial management performances of small and medium enterprises in Kitui County . The study concluded that the staffs were served with courtesy and professionalism. They also said that Positive   customer   experience   impacts   positively   on performance of our firm because it results in repeat business . Others were delays and cancellations of orders do result to customer , ambience contributed to positive customer experience and complaints were opportunities that enabled the firm to improve on the services to customers. Operational risks can be mitigated using e-payment systems, shows that on the mitigation of misappropriation of funds, reduce on errors in calculating change from transactions, misappropriation or fraudulent financial reporting. They should look on the lack of transparency in transactions. On how to mitigate on single person dependency the study found that they should not fail to develop and retain high quality staff. They should also check on the loss of corporate expertise to competitors. Further they should ensure that there is no lack of employee succession plans. Further there should be no loss of expertise due to ageing workforce and failure to attract high caliber staff. The study concluded that customer focus account for financial performance of the SMEs in Kitui County. The general form of the equation to predict financial performance of SMEs in Kitui County holding the independent variable constant, financial performance of the SMEs in was predicted whereas customer focus improved financial performance of the SMEs. Keywords: Strategic, Performance, Enterprises


Arguments from disagreement often take centre stage in debates between competing semantic theories. This paper explores the theoretical basis for arguments from disagreement and, in so doing, proposes methodological principles which allow us to distinguish between legitimate arguments from disagreement and dialectically ineffective arguments from disagreement. In the light of these principles, I evaluate Cappelen and Hawthorne's [2009] argument from disagreement against relativism, and show that it fails to undermine relativism since it is dialectically ineffective. Nevertheless, I argue that an alternative challenge to relativism based on disagreement is available. More generally, I argue that semantic theory is not answerable to data stemming from 'loaded' philosophical principles regarding the nature of disagreement. Rather, semantic theorists will exhaust their dialectical responsibilities regarding disagreement if they can demonstrate consistency with a minimal account of the concept.


The quantity of the cold store in our country has been rapidly rising since the 1990s, however, the flow field in the cold store is difficult to obtain accurately by experiments. With reference to the experiences in previous numerical simulations in this paper, CFD is used for analyzing two forms of return air in the cold store with the Finite Volume Methods and the SIMPLE Revised. As a result, Combining with the non-equilibrium wall function, it is found that taking the way of return air on both sides of the fan is more reasonable and the cooling consumption of the empty cold store can be saved before the products enter the cold store. Furthermore, the numerical simulation results can provide reference for choosing fans in the small cold store.


Fine magnetic particles have been investigated with ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) for many years [1]. With the growing interest in giant magnetoresistance in granular materials [2], FMR has been proved useful for revealing important information on the size and shape of particles [3]. There are several aspects which are important in description of FMR response in fine particle assemblies: (i) thermally activated magnetization reversal, i.e., superparamagnetism; (ii) magnetic anisotropies; (iii) interparticle interactions and (iv) particle size distribution. The essential factor which distinguishes FMR in fine magnetic particles from that in polycrystals is their superparamagnetic behaviour. If the sizes of particles are so small that thermal fluctuations of the magnetic moments temporarily disturb their equilibrium configuration, the "static" picture is no longer valid and a statistical approach is needed. Our experimental data will be interpreted in the framework of such an approach [4] extended to take into account dipolar interactions between particles as well as their size distribution. The description of FMR in fine particles will be limited here to the main concepts. A full discussion can be found in the original paper [4]. Let us consider a fine particle of volume v, magnetic moment μ= My and the uniaxial anisotropy Ku which is subjected to a slowly varying magnetic field


In this article, I present a brief introduction to somatic practice of felt thinking in movement, as a contemplative practice for ecological belonging. Accompanied by illustrations, coming from my personal practice, the text introduces the reader to three phases of experiential immersion and presents felt thinking as an inclusive method of embodied re-connection with the natural world. Through the lens of embryological development and dynamic activity patterns observable in movement, it also elaborates on different realities of time/space experience. Finally, alongside the first-person narratives, as examples of outdoor practice, I also introduce some major references to the theoretical framework of the work and underline the importance of an ontological principle of movement as relational, thus infused with meaning and care, which can be accessed and practised in felt thinking starting with gentle attention to the movement of the breath.