Respiratory diseases in poultry are caused by a host of pathogens that act either singly or in association with each other. The clinical signs elicited by some poultry respiratory pathogens are similar and may confuse diagnostic efforts. Definitive diagnoses involving the use of sensitive, robust and rapid laboratory method are important for the identification and differentiation of specific agent(s) during infection. Our study aimed at identifying the involvement of Infectious Bronchitis Virus, Newcastle Disease Virus and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) in outbreaks of respiratory diseases in chickens in the Ga-East district of Greater Accra using the Polymerase Chain Reaction technique (PCR). Twenty (20) trachea swabs were obtained from four chicken flocks (5 per flock) with acute respiratory diseases. RNA and DNA were extracted from each sample individually. The S1 glycoprotein gene, MgC 2 gene and fusion protein gene of IBV, MG and NDV respectively, was individually target in a single tube PCR reaction. Amplicons were resolved on a 1% agarose gel stained with Ethidium bromide and visualized with a UV trans-illuminator. Twenty percent (20%) of samples tested negative to all three pathogens. IBV and NDV as single agents were detected in 40% and 20% of the samples respectively. Twenty percent (20%) of the samples were found to be co-infected with IBV and NDV. None of the samples tested positive to MG. IBV and NDV play major roles in outbreaks of respiratory diseases in commercial broiler chickens in Ga-East district of Accra. Keywords: Respiratory pathogens, Broilers, Ghana, Polymerase Chain Reaction


Cavitation is an unsteady phenomenon, which is nearly inevitable in pumps. It would degrade the pump performance, generate vibrations and noises, and even erode pump flow passage components. The double suction centrifugal pump at design flow rate and large flow rate is numerically simulated using the k-ω turbulence model and the mass transport cavitation model. As a result, the calculated variation of pump head with pump inlet pressure agreed well with the experimental data. The results demonstrate that the numerical model and method can accurately predict the cavitation flows in a double suction centrifugal pump. The cavitation characteristics are analysed in great details. In addition, based on the calculation results, the reason that the plunge of pump head curve is revealed. It is found that the steep fall of pump head happens when the cavity reaches the blade to blade throat and the micro-vortex group appears at the back of the blade suction side. At the same time, this practice can provide guidance for the optimal design of double suction pumps.


Short circuit (SC) protection for IGBT has been crucial issue since IGBTs have become major switching devices for power electronics applications. According to the IGBT performance improvement, chip current density has been increased and the chip has become as thin as 100µm. The high current density and thin wafer chip result in high temperature rising speed during SC condition and hence high speed protection scheme for IGBT is highly required. Conventional methods, such as sense IGBT configuration, have the response time of 5 micro second, for example, which is not sufficient to protect advanced IGBTs. In this paper, we propose a novel protection method with response time shorter than 1 micro second.


Despite decades of development efforts in rural areas of Yemen, there is little systematic reporting on conditions in these areas. In this report, which draws on a new survey that we conducted as a baseline for the evaluation of the Rainfed Agriculture and Livestock Project (RALP), we examine seven issues that are important for both understanding these areas and designing effective development programs: (1) development program targeting, (2) food security, (3) agricultural production, (4) community cooperation, (5) gender equity, (6) qat and health expenditures, and (7) inequality. We intend for this report to be a tool for future projects aiming to improve rural livelihoods in Yemen.


Chinese loess plateau, a huge landform object, is one of the most serious regions of soil and water loss in China even in the world. Influenced by this, the geomorphologic feature there has been changed considerably. In order to accurately model the process of small watershed landform evolution, this article established a set of small watershed runoff and sediment yielding and landform evolution model, which is based on the modern spatial information technologies such as GIS, GPS, RS, terrestrial laser scanning, and with the support of the long hydrological and weather data which gauged by some scientists. The main achievements are as follows: According to the physical geography features of the Loess Plateau and the results of previous studies, the article designed the model of runoff, convergence and sediment yield which possessed some physical-based on raster unit with highresolution. According to sediment transport ratio of the natural small watershed was 1, the article constituted the basin sediment model, calculated the storm runoff, sediment volume and the annual erosion of sediment yield formed by rainstorm cumulative sediment yield data, established catchments landform evolution model which only needed underlying surface parameters, modeled the process of landform evolution; several key and important parameters were selected in the model for analyzing the sensitivity of parameters, spatial distribution and the uncertainty of prediction. The process of runoff, sediment yielding and landform evolution in a typical small watershed was simulated. The database of the parameters of hydrology, weather, and climate was built. Small watershed runoff and sediment production process was simulated by using the developed information system and high spatial and temporal resolution parameter data. On the basis of simulation results of Runoff and sediment yield, this article established experimental watershed geomorphic evolution model, simulated the process of small watershed landform evolution in two hundred years, analyzed quantitatively the rule of landform evolution.


Silicophosphates are widely used as advanced technology
materials. Because of their high proton conductivity, special
optical and electrical properties and biocompatibility they can
be applied as heterogeneous catalysts, proton conducting
electrolytes, optical glasses and biomaterials. The synthesis
of these compounds by hydrolytic sol-gel methods poses
considerable obstacles, the reason being that Si–O–P bonds are
unstable under hydrolytic conditions and therefore phase
separation to silica and phosphoric acid occurs. As a solution,
we have recently developed a non-hydrolytic sol-gel method
based on ester elimination starting from silicon(IV) acetate
and tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphate. This reaction principle was
further developed for the synthesis of hybrid organic-inorganic
materials based on silicophosphate skeleton.2 The reactions of
bridged acetoxysilanes (AcO)3Si-X-Si(OAc)3 and phosphoryl
reagents (Me3SiO)2P(O)-X-P(O)(OSiMe3)2 have also been
investigated and found to produce gels that exhibit large
surface areas (up to 700 m2 g-1). The presence of SiO6
structural units in bridged-phosphoryl xerogels is related to
their microporosity while the absence of such moieties in
bridged acetoxysilane networks is congruent with significant
mesoporosity. Several important parameters are identified which
can be used to tailor the properties of these hybrid matrices
such that gels with specific polarity, porosity and surface
area can be targeted at the time of synthesis. The condensation
reaction, structure of resulting materials, effects on porosity
and use of prepared silicophosphates in catalytic test reaction
will be described in detail.


Dental impressions are mainly used to record the geometry of hard and soft tissue and the relations between teeth and the adjacent tissues. In implantology, precise implant impressions are necessary to obtain the best possible detailed reproduction of the implant site and the passive intraoral fit of the implant framework. However, ensuring those necessities in the interdisciplinary treatment of orthodontic patients requires revised impression techniques and materials. In this study a modified one-stage putty-wash pick-up implant impression procedure was used, incorporating the use of two additional silicone materials and modeling wax. Additionally, an Er:YAG laser was used to obtain a better emergence profile for implant restorations and an immediate impression, which shortened the prosthodontic stage in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. The technique described here for taking the impression and creating the emergence profile offers dental practitioners additional options in implantoprosthodontic treatment of orthodontic patients, as the method is characterized by simple preparation and satisfactory implant site reproduction.


While brachytherapy is the oldest form of radiation therapy, it is also a very exciting field from both physics and clinical perspectives. From the physics standpoint, brachytherapy dosimetry is largely being governed by the inverse-square law, leading to an unparalleled dose deposition kernel (dose emitted by a seed or single dwell position), even compared to a proton or heavy-ion beamlets. There is slightly more dose beyond the central deposition point, but comparatively very little prior to it, i.e. little or no entrance dose! It is easy to sum multiple dwell positions that cover a tumor, and the intensity can be modulated quite effectively using dwell times. From a clinical perspective, what sets brachytherapy apart from other intraoperative modalities (e.g. laser, radiofrequency, cryogenic) is our ability to precisely calculate the energy deposited across the relevant patient geometry, anticipate the effect from known dose-outcome relationships, and deliver that energy with exquisite control and selectively to the target volume while sparing organs at risks. This targeting ability has improved substantially over the last two decades. It is built upon key foundational elements, many of which stem from the research and development within our medical physics community. This article provides an overview of these elements that combine to make brachytherapy a successful and developing radiotherapy modality. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Based on the previously reported potent and selective sulfone hydroxamate inhibitors SC‐76276, SC‐78080 (SD‐2590), and SC‐77964, potent MMP inhibitors have been designed and synthesized to append a boron‐rich carborane cluster by employing click chemistry to target tumor cells that are known to upregulate gelatinases. Docking against MMP‐2 suggests binding involving the hydroxamate zinc‐binding group, key H‐bonds by the sulfone moiety with the peptide backbone residues Leu82 and Leu83, and a hydrophobic interaction with the deep P1' pocket. The more potent of the two triazole regioisomers exhibits an IC50 of 3.7 nM versus MMP‐2 and IC50 of 46 nM versus MMP‐9.


The failure to achieve education and essential skills for life is a big problem to children with intellectual challenge. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of teachers' academic qualification on the retention rates of learners with intellectual challenges in the special units in public primary schools in Kikuyu Sub-County. The researcher included all the 8 schools Kikuyu Sub-County, Kiambu County in this study and interviewed all the teachers and the head teachers. The collected data was analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative data analysis approaches whereby both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. This study was guided by the Self Efficacy Theory. The study used a descriptive survey design. The target population for the study included all the public primary schools within Kikuyu Sub-County with special units. The researcher included all the 8 schools in this study and interviewed all the teachers and the head teachers. The collected data was analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative data analysis approaches whereby both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The findings of the study indicated a strong positive correlation (r = 0.796, P< 0.05) between teachers' academic qualification and the retention rates of learners with intellectual challenges in the special units in public primary schools. The recommendations of the study were that the ministry of education should train more teachers on special needs education so as to increase the number of teachers with that skill.


Some time back I wrote a paper (bit.ly/1WDmKjM) outlining one hypothesis as to how the corporations in the Australian services sector could be encouraged by government intervention to require new sources of innovation as developed by a hightech start-up sector.


Abstract An in vivo study was carried out on the freshwater fish Barbonymus gonionotus to evaluate the genotoxic effects of the organophosphate quinalphos. The fish were exposed to sub-lethal doses of quinalphos (0%, 10%, 25%, and 50% of LC50) for a period of 30 days. Analysis of biochemical characteristics (protein and lipid contents of different organs), nuclear abnormalities of erythrocytes (NAE) and morphological abnormalities of erythrocytes (MAE) were performed on peripheral erythrocytes sampled at post-treatment intervals of 0 and 30 days. The biochemical results revealed a significant dose-dependent decline in protein and lipid contents and increase in the frequencies of NAE as well as MAE. Our findings also confirmed that the morphological deformations of erythrocytes in addition to NAE on fish erythrocytes in vivo are effective tools in determining the potential genotoxicity of organophosphates.


Europe, and Africa, thus serving well the diverse student constituency that usually enrolls in methods classes. The only empirical subfield that is excluded is international relations, which presents formidable (though perhaps not insurmountable) challenges of siting for participant observation. The specific topics of study include Basque nationalism (Cyrus Ernesto Zirakzadeh); civil war in El Salvador (Elisabeth Jean Wood); class relations in an American slaughterhouse (Timothy Pachirat); survey research in American politics (Katherine Cramer Walsh); political culture in the Congo (Michael G. Schatzberg); authoritarian regimes and political Islam in Mauritania and Senegal (Cédric Jourde); American casino waitresses and Nicaraguan mothers of war victims (Lorraine Bayard de Volo); a survey of ethnographic research in Latin America (Enrique Desmond Arias); and policies toward home ownership in low-income neighborhoods in Philadelphia (Corey Shdaimah, Roland Stahl, and Sanford F. Schram). Even readers who are familiar with the research of these authors will benefit from their self-conscious focus on the costs and benefits of ethnography. Each chapter provides a useful springboard for debating important issues related to the use of this method. Dvora Yanow adds a helpful chapter that gives advice to would-be ethnographers regarding research design and instructs editors and reviewers as to how they should evaluate ethnographic manuscripts. Journal editors who have had difficulty passing judgment on ethnographic research will be especially grateful for her insights. The term immersion is included in the subtitle of this volume, and the editor, Edward Schatz, stresses the need to differentiate ethnography from other qualitative methods. His introduction and conclusion provide excellent overviews of the field, but the particular task of separating ethnography from other qualitative methods was not accomplished as effectively as it might have been. Several chapters do not make use of the standard ethnographic method of prolonged immersion in one or a few social milieux; instead, they involve only brief periods of participant observation complemented by interviews, archival research, or other methods. These research designs are referred to as having an "ethnographic sensibility," even though they do not involve immersion. Purists who identify ethnography with prolonged participant observation may question the inclusion of those chapters. On the other hand, the decision to include them is not without advantage. Given the tremendous investment of time required by traditional immersion, many political scientists may wonder if it is not possible to gain some of the benefits of ethnography in mixed-method projects. These chapters show them several ways to do that. Nonetheless, the differences in philosophical underpinnings and research practice between standard ethnography and interviews, focus groups, and other methods deserve a more extended and nuanced treatment than they receive here. This is one of the finest volumes on qualitative methods published in the last decade. It will not ease all the concerns of scholars who balk at the noncomparative and unhistorical character of much ethnographic research or question the ethnographer's ability to contribute to general theory. But Political Ethnography provides a perfect instrument for debating these and other key issues surrounding the use of this important method.


A powertrain system for an urban electric ve- hicle is described. The presented system consists of a hybrid energy storage composed of batteries and ultracapacitors, and two in-wheel outer-rotor motors placed inside wheels controlled by three-level inverters. An electronic differential algorithms for two-motor propulsion, and a fuzzy logic based power manage- ment strategy for the hybrid energy storage are presented in de- tail. Simulation studies of proposed control structure have been performed then verified using a non-mobile experimental setup.


OBJECTIVE
To identify whether a diagnosis of depression combined with rurality, compared with either depression or living in metropolitan areas alone, is associated with experiencing more stressful life events in pregnancy.

DESIGN
This study uses data from 402 pregnant women (206 metropolitan and 196 rural), enrolled in the Western Australian arm of the Mercy Pregnancy and Emotional Wellbeing Study. Mercy Pregnancy and Emotional Wellbeing Study is a prospective, longitudinal cohort with women recruited during early pregnancy (<20 weeks) across 3 groups: those with diagnosed depression, those taking antidepressant medication and control.

PARTICIPANTS
Women were recruited from 3 metropolitan and 3 rural hospitals in Western Australia from 2017 to 2018 and 2018 to 2020, respectively. This study uses antenatal data collected at recruitment and during third trimester (weeks 32-34).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The Stressful Life Events Scale was used to measure the number of self-reported stressful events. The degree of perceived stress due to the stressful event was also reported.

RESULTS
Compared to pregnant metropolitan women diagnosed with depression, pregnant rural women with depression were more likely to report experiencing at least 1 stressful life event. Despite this, pregnant women with depression in both regions reported similar numbers of stressful life events.

CONCLUSIONS
This study highlights women in rural Western Australia diagnosed with depression might be more vulnerable to experiencing stressful life events than rural women without depression and their metropolitan counterparts. Due to known adverse effects of antenatal depression and stress on maternal well-being and child outcomes, there is a clear need for targeted, preventative interventions for Australian rural women during this period.


[Objective] The aim was to understand the effect of decreasing temperature and increasing humidity of the metope greening by Sedum lineare.[Method] S. lineare was planted for metope greening by the new type metope greening equipment,the temperature and humidity of S.lineare surface and back and that of the environment were detected at 7:00-19:00,and the influences of illumination and environmental temperature and humidity on the decreasing temperature effect of the metope greening by S.lineare were studied.[Result] The temperature of S.lineare back was 1.4 ℃ lower averagely than environmental temperature and the humidity of the metope greening by S.lineare was 4.6% higher averagely than environmental humidity in the detecting time segments.The decreasing temperature effect of the metope greening by S.linear had a positive correlation with the illumination and environmental temperature and a negative correlation with environmental humidity.The order of the influences of each factor on the decreasing temperature effect of the metope greening by S.lineare was illuminationenvironmental temperatureenvironmental humidity.[Conclusion] Using S.lineare for metope greening could decrease the temperature of metope and air effectively,increase the air humidity,and it was the good plant suitable for metope greening.


The article is devoted to the phenomenon of state policy and its conceptual reflection in domestic and foreign literature. The author draws attention to the cultural and civilizational differences in interpreting the concept of state policy. In Western political science, the term "public policy" (public policy), identified with state policy, has become widespread. The term "state policy" is traditionally used in Russian social science thought. The author revealed state policy's main features and properties and justified the differentiation of "state policy" and "public administration" concepts. The main theoretical and methodological approaches to the definition of the essence of state policy are summarized. The author expressed his definition from the position of the socio-philosophical approach. Further, the author presented the classification of types of state policy on various grounds. Finally, the author justified the necessity of closer interconnection for specific kinds of state policy of the Russian Federation with each other, taking into account the requirements of a systematic approach.


Fine sediment stored in the gravel bed is an important component of river systems. Current field protocols usually allow evaluation of the silt–clay fraction of fine sediment stocks only and neglect the sand fraction. This study proposes a new protocol to quantify fine sediment stocks, including the sand fraction inside the gravel bed matrix. Fine sediment stocks were sampled within patches of 0.30 m × 0.30 m on the dry gravel bed surface, separating the surface layer and the subsurface layer. The grain‐size distribution of the samples was obtained by field sieving (10 mm, 2 mm, 500 μm and 100 μm) over a bucket, using a known volume of water. The mass of the fraction below 100 μm was measured based on the concentration within the bucket. The local stocks were then integrated over the whole river reach by assigning local stocks to facies, in which fine sediment stocks were assumed to be homogeneously distributed. The methodology was applied to a 1 km long reach of the River Galabre (Southern French Alps), characterized by significant fine sediment stocks and upstream sediment input. Results from local measurements show a large amount of sand in both surface and subsurface layers. The quantity of sand can reach up to three times the quantity of silt–clay. An estimation of porosity showed that fine material may play an important role in structuring the bed, since porosity increases with increasing fine sediment content. The potential fine sediment stock that can be re‐suspended due to channel migration is found to be of the same order of magnitude as the sediment budget estimated from the measured flux in the upstream hydrometric station of the studied reach.


Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), an entrapment neuropathy of the median nerve at the wrist, is one of the most common peripheral nerve disorders. The cause of idiopathic CTS remains unclear. The mainstay for CTS diagnosis remains clinically. Open carpal tunnel release is the standard treatment. Present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of low level laser treatment (LLLT) for CTS. Fifty-four patients, with 60 symptomatic hands complaining of CTS were divided into two equal groups. Group (A), was subjected to LLLT by He-Ne laser (632.8nm), while group (B) was subjected to open carpal tunnel release. Clinical and nerve conduction studies were evaluated. LLLT has proved to be an effective, non-invasive treatment for CTS especially for early and mildto-moderate cases when pain is the main presentation, while surgery could be preserved for advanced and chronic cases. Refinement of laser tool and introduction of other wavelengths make LLLT for CTS a subject of further investigations.


: Virtual Reality is an immersive experience based on computer-generated stimulations perceived with multiple sensory channels. It is possible to manipulate these sensory stimulations independently and create conflicting situations in which, for instance, vision and touch are spatially and/or temporally inconsistent. In this article we show how to exploit these ambiguous sensorial situations in order to generate new kinds of percept but also plausible 3D interactions in virtual environments. We particularly insist on three results obtained by playing with visual and haptic senses in virtual reality: (i) pseudo-haptic effects, (ii) self-motion sensations, and (iii) body-ownership illusions.


Recently, substantial efforts have been made to determine the impact of three-dimensional (3D) cloud structure on atmospheric radiative transfer. Unfortunately, 3D high-resolution measurements of cloud field structure are not available for use in these studies. As a result, research in this area has frequently been based on simple stochastic cloud models (e.g., bounded cascades) or extrapolations of twodimensional (2D) data into three dimensions, both of which assume cloud field isotropy in the horizontal plane. However, the significance of this assumption has not been tested. In this study, a stochastic field generation algorithm (Evans et al. 2001) is used to produce synthetic fair-weather cumulus cloud fields. While the statistics of the output liquid water content (LWC) fields are constrained to match those of sample input fields taken from large-eddy simulations (LES), the vertical and horizontal anisotropy of these fields can be controlled independently. Solar radiative transfer is calculated for a set of fields having a range of anisotropy levels using Monte Carlo methods. The effect of these levels of anisotropy in cloud fields is evaluated by comparing the resulting surface fluxes.


Cooperative localization for indoor WiFi networks have received little attention thus far. Many cooperative location algorithms exist for Wireless Sensor Network Applications but their suitability for WiFi based networks has not been studied. In this paper the performance of the Sparse Finite Semi Definite Program (SFSDP) has been examined using real measurements data and under different indoor conditions. Effects of other network parameters such as varying number of anchors and blind nodes are also included.


BACKGROUND
Social support has been identified as a major protective factor in preventing mental health problems and also as a major contributor to quality of life. People with intellectual disabilities (ID) have been identified as having limited social support structures. Interventions have been focused on promoting their social presence and integration. However, previous studies have shown that this does not always lead to the formation of social relationships. To date few studies have looked at how having an ID leads to impoverished social networks. This study aimed to do this by contrasting the social relationships of people with physical disabilities (PD) and people with ID.

METHODS
Two groups of participants were recruited; 30 people with mild ID and 17 people with PD. Social and functional support networks were assessed, in addition to life experiences. Between and within group differences were then explored statistically.

RESULTS
Adults with ID had more restricted social networks than PD, despite being involved in more activities. Social support for adults with ID was mainly provided by family and carers and few relationships with non-disabled people were identified. In contrast adults with PD had larger social networks than had been reported in the mainstream literature and had a balance of relationships with disabled and non-disabled people.

CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that there are additional processes attached to having an ID, which lead to continued impoverished lifestyles. The findings also endorse other work that suggests being physically integrated and engaged in a wide range of activities does not guarantee good social and emotional support.


We study local existence and uniqueness for a surface growth model with space-time white noise in 2D. Unfortunately, the direct fixed-point argument for mild solutions fails here, as we do not have sufficient regularity for the stochastic forcing. Nevertheless, one can give a rigorous meaning to the stochastic PDE and show uniqueness of solutions in that setting. Using spectral Galerkin method and any other types of regularization of the noise, we obtain always the same solution.


This paper analyzes the regulatory document "Continental Europe Operation Handbook Policy 5: Emergency Operations", which was prepared by experts of the European Network of Electricity Transmission System Operators (ENTSO - E) to focus national networks on a single conceptual model for creating (and fine tuning) an automatic under frequency load shedding (UFLS) scheme. The ENTSO-E proposed for the Regional Group Continental Europe a general under frequency load shedding scheme, which must be implemented taking into account the individual features (properties) of the national network. Given that Policy 5 is an important document, the implementation of which is a prerequisite of security and system stability not only of a separate national grid, but also adjacent power systems, the authors aimed to test perspectives for UFLS development according to Policy 5 binding requirements in a case study for Ukrainian power system.


Objectives: Aim of the study is to find therapeutic potentials of aqueous Curry Leaf (Murraya koenigii) Extract (CuLE) against lead induced oxidative damage in hepatic tissue. The objectives are to study the alterations of various stress parameters in lead induced hepatotoxicity and amelioration of the same with CuLE. Methods: Rats were intraperitoneally injected with lead acetate (15mg/kg body weight). Another group was pre-treated with CuLE (50 mg / kg, fed orally).The positive control group was fed CuLE (50 mg / kg), and the control animals received vehicle treatment i.p. for 7 consecutive days. Concentration of lead in liver was estimated by AAS study. The alterations in the activity of the different bio-markers of hepatic damage, biomarkers of oxidative stress, activities of the antioxidant and some of the mitochondrial enzymes were studied. Histomorphology and alteration in tissue collagen level was studied through H-E staining and Sirius red staining respectively. Quantification of tissue collagen content was evaluated using confocal microscopy. Results: Lead caused alterations in all the parameters studied. All these changes were mitigated when the rats were pre-treated with CuLE. Concentration of lead in liver tissue was also decreased following pre-treatment with CuLE. Conclusions: The results indicate that the CuLE ameliorates lead-induced hepatic damage in experimental rats by antioxidants present in the extract. CuLE may have future therapeutic relevance in the prevention of lead-induced hepatotoxicity in humans exposed occupationally or environmentally to this toxic heavy metal and may be used for development of new hepatoprotective drugs of herbal origin with less cytotoxic effects.


In continental Europe the name 'geode' (which is borrowed from a geological term meaning a rounded pocket of gas in a mineral specimen) is used to describe the radiological appearance of a cyst or cystic erosion in a bone end, so commonly seen in many forms of chronic joint disease. The word is to be preferred as it does not imply (as does 'cyst') that the area is full of fluid-commonly it is not. In the course of rheumatoid arthritis large geodes may develop. Castillo, El Sallab, and Scott (1965) have shown that the size and extent of geode formation in affected hands is related to the type of work in which the patient is engaged. The largest geodes are found in those doing the hardest manual work. Many geodes are small and difficult to puncture. However, two patients with rheumatoid arthritis and large geodes volunteered for investigations and allowed studies of the intrageodal pressures and of how they were altered by changes in the pressures within the corresponding joints. Animal experiments were also performed to determine the manner in which changes in intra-articular pressure were transmitted across the articular cortex and whether they were associated with compensating changes on the epiphysial side of the surface.


The branches and leaves of Cephalotaxus mannii Hk.f.were used as the explants for callus induction.In addition,mercuric chloride,sodium hypochlorite and ozone were used as the disinfectants.The impact of different sterilization methods on contamination rate and cell activity of explants was studied in the paper.The results were as follows:The combinative sterilization of mercuric chloride and ozone showed the best effect.Sterilization conditions were as follows:75% alcohol for 1 min,ozone for 30 min and 0.1% HgCl2 solution for 10 min.It resulted in 5% of contamination rate of explants and 95% of callus induction rate,enhanced 38% of cell activity than the control under the sterilization conditions indicated as above.


This invention is addressed to phosphorus-containing polyols prepared by reacting a chloro-chloro-alkyl phosphate having an average of 0.5 to 2.5 chlorine atoms joined directly to a phosphorus atom with a primary or secondary amine having at least one function which is capable of reacting with an organic isocyanate in the presence of water and a hydrogen chloride acceptor whose reaction product with HCl is soluble in water, and to flame or fire resistant polyurethanes prepared by reaction of a phosphorus-containing polyol and an organic polyisocyanate.


Objective To establish a high-performance liquid chromatography to determine the content of Salvia tanshinone IIA in different parts.Methods Take the RP-HPLC to select the column Hypersil ODSC18 column(4.6mm × 250mm,5μm).The mobile phase: methanol: water = 75∶25.The flow rate was 1.2mL/min.The column temperature was 30 degrees Celsius.The wavelength of detection was 268nm ~ 270nm.Results The tanshinone IIA concentration in 1.25 ~ 21.45μg/mL(r = 0.9997) had a good linear relationship,the average recovery was 99.83%,RSD = 2.04%(n = 6).Conclusion By reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography in the content of tanshinone IIA in Danshen,the method is rapid,sensitive,accurate,and can provide measurement basis for the planted Salvia,characterization,and expansion of medicinal parts of the quality control of Danshen.


The article is devoted to the comparative study of several translations (M.M. Pickthall, A.Y. Ali, Abu-Adel and E.R. Kuliyev) of the Quran by the example of the translation of the metaphor "Waalssubhi itha tanaffasa".
The purpose of the study is to identify solutions to the most difficult problems for the translator of cross-cultural translatability of the text, the correlation of figurative structures of Arabic, Russian and English.
Materials and methods. The research material was the original text of the Holy Quran, namely the metaphor "Waalssubhi itha tanaffasa", and its translations into English (M.M. Pickthall, A.Y. Ali) and Russian (Abu-Adel, E.R. Kulieva). The methods of scientific research are the method of theoretical analysis, descriptive and comparative methods.
The result of the study is the classification of translations of the Quranic metaphor "Waalssubhi itha tanaffasa" into Russian (Abu-Adel, E.R. Kuliyev) and English (M.M. Pickthall, A.Y. Ali). The basis of the classification is the methods of translation of P. Newmark's metaphor, used by the authors in the process of translating the text under study into English / Russian.
Practical implications. The obtained research results can be applied by researchers in the field of theory and practice of translation, intercultural communication, stylistics and interpretation of text, linguoculturology and axiological linguistics.


Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has beneficial effects in cholestatic liver diseases. In primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), there is evidence that high doses (±20 mg/kg) of UDCA may be more effective than average doses. Biliary enrichment of UDCA at such high doses may represent the decisive factor for its beneficial effect. Up to now it is not clear how high‐dose UDCA correlates with its biliary enrichment and whether bacterial degradation of large amounts of UDCA may lead to an increased bacterial formation of more toxic hydrophobic bile acids. We determined the biliary bile acid composition in 56 patients with PSC including 30 patients with repeat bile samples treated with various doses of UDCA. At a UDCA dose of 10–13 mg/kg/d (n = 18) biliary UDCA represented 43.1% + 0.3% (mean + SD) of total bile acids; at a UDCA dose of 14–17 mg/kg (n = 14), its biliary content increased to 46.9% + 0.3%, at 18–21 mg/kg (n = 34) to 55.9% + 0.2%, at 22–25 mg/kg (n = 12) to 58.6% + 2.3%, and at 26–32 mg/kg (n = 8) to 57.7% + 0.4%. During UDCA treatment, the biliary content of all other bile acids was unchanged or decreased. In conclusion, biliary enrichment of UDCA increases with increasing dose and reaches a plateau at 22–25 mg/kg. There was no increase of toxic hydrophobic bile acids. If biliary enrichment of UDCA represents the decisive factor for its clinical effect, it seems likely that UDCA doses of up to 22–25 mg/kg may be more effective than lower doses. (HEPATOLOGY 2004;40:693–698.)


Atherosclerosis has become a common senile disease with a gradually younger onset age.Atherosclerosis is mainly caused by living habit,environmental and genetic factors which lead to a series of pathological changes of the body,such as dyslipidemia,endothelial dysfunction,blood coagulation-fibrinolytic system anomaly,oxidation injury,infection,etc..Aerobic exercise can improve fast-pace and over-stressed life of citizen as an operative way,which has caused wide attention from the medical field,especially that the research of obesity related chronic metabolic disease has become a hotpot.Aerobic exercise plays an important role in improving atherosclerotic lesion characterized by lipid metabolism disorder,and may well become the third major intervention.


Evaluate the use of induction chemotherapy (IC) in oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) and its impact on subjective functional outcomes using a validated MD Anderson Symptom Inventory‐Head and Neck (MDASI‐HN) survey tool.


The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of enforcement (greater monitoring of auditors and more regulatory scrutiny of financial reporting) on accounting quality under IFRS using measures of earnings smoothing, managing towards earnings targets, timely loss recognition and value relevance. Our sample consists of 495 UK listed firms in 2000-2009 under UK GAAP and IFRS (2,356 and 1,823 firm-years respectively), including 246 cross-listed firms (predominantly listed in Germany and the US). We find value relevance improves under IFRS for all firms and that firms are less likely to manage towards earnings targets. However measures based on earnings smoothing and timely loss recognition improve only for cross listed firms, pointing to a favourable impact of changes in the regulatory scrutiny of cross listed firms in the IFRS period.


The policy of studying abroad has boosted the training of talents studying abroad and promoted the development of our study abroad. This paper reviews the evolution of our country since the reform and opening up policy of studying abroad and foreign students phenomenon change, analyzes students total and structure characteristics of groups, found that younger age, popular, become the current international trend of returning tide, and then from the youth entrepreneurship, youth education, youth culture and other aspects of interpretation of foreign influence on young the development of the. The classification and characteristics of diversification development orientation of the further development of higher education in China must adhere to the school, which is a fundamental requirement of education; the need to promote the construction of modern university system, this is the requirements of internal management of colleges and universities need to strengthen security; evaluation of effects on funding, this is high school external assurance requirements but also to guide the high school; the regional expansion, this is the comprehensive construction of a well-off society needs education.


Two major skeletal events take place in the ankylosing spondylitis which is called Marie-Strumpell disease: fixation of the costovertebral joints, which makes breathing shallow, and abdominal and flexion deformity of the neck and spine. The first of these changes may possibly be relieved by the resection in series of the involved joints or of the adjacent rib. This has never been done. The probability of failure is high in this self-fusing disease. The postural deformity in flexion may be so great that the afflicted one can see nothing but the ground when he walks. He may try to straighten the spine by bending the hips and knees. He sits in bed, for he cannot lie flat on his back. His health is impaired by the spatial restriction of the thoracic and abdominal viscera, the visible sign of which is a deep transverse crease in the middle or upper part of the abdominal wall. The belly is swollen below the crease. The hip joint may also be involved, adding its flexion deformity to that of the spine. There is n...


An experiment was conducted to evaluate the phytoremediation efficiency, growth and biochemical responses of vetiver grass (Vetiveria Zizanioides) in response to irrigation with magnetized water [in 3 levels including magnetized water, semi-magnetized water and non-magnetized water] and Pb from the source of Pb-Nitrate salt [in 4 levels including 0, 5, 10 and 20 mg/L). This study was carried out as a factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized design with three replications in the central nursery of Green Area and Parks Organization Bandar Abbas Municipality, Bandar Abbas, Iran, during 2020–21. A magnetic water generating device called a magnetic ion stirrer with an intensity of 110 Tesla was used in this study. The results showed that irrigation with the magnetized water significantly increased the growth and yield of vetiver, and uptake and translocation factor of Pb to the shoots. Increase in the activities of enzymatic antioxidants affected by the magnetized water was observed which led to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activated the plant defense system. In general, despite high accumulation of Pb in plant tissues evident from accumulation of ROS, but still vetiver growth and yield were not significantly affected, indicating the phyto-toxic tolerance of vetivar against Pb accumulation. It is concluded that irrigation with the magnetized water through stimulating the antioxidants of vetiver can improve the growth, yield, uptake and translocation of Pb and therewith increases the phytoremediation efficiency of Vetiver.


This is a celebration of the 400th anniversary of Galileo's accomplishment and the remarkable discoveries he made. In July 1609, Galileo Galilei received news that a Dutch optician had invented a device that allowed people to see distant objects as clearly as if they were nearby. As soon as he discovered the technical and mechanical details of the device, he dedicated himself to perfecting the instrument. Urged on by an insatiable scientific curiosity, Galileo turned his telescope to the heavens. His research revealed unexpected features and behaviours of the known planets and stars, as well as adding new heavenly bodies to the Ptolemaic Cosmos. "Galileo's Telescope" is published to coincide with the 400th anniversary of Galileo's remarkable discoveries, and offers readers an unrivalled glimpse into the instrument that changed the world.


200 /spl mu/m thickness of film-like display was developed and a contrast ratio of 35 with a driving voltage of 20 V was observed. In addition, organic TFT is used to drive LCD display. 0.05 cm/sup 2//Vs of electron mobility and 10/sup 5/ of current on/off ratio are achieved.


Abstract Forecasts from different resolution versions of the National Meteorological Center Nested Grid Model (NGM) are compared for two case studies to assess an optimal ratio of model vertical and horizontal resolutions. Four combinations are considered: 1) 16 layers and 80-km horizontal grid over the United States (the operational version of the model), 2) 32 layers and 80-km horizontal grid, 3) 16 layers and 40-km horizontal grid, and 4) 32 layers and 40-km horizontal grid. Resolution impacts are evaluated for a number of weather system components such as extratropical cyclone evolution, baroclinic and frontal zone structure, jet-stream blow, moisture fields, and precipitation. Resolution impacts for this limited sample are relatively small for synoptic-scale features such as the position of the extratropical cyclone and main jet-stream flows. Larger impacts are noted for smaller-scale horizontal structure and gradients, frontal zone associated circulations and hydrological cycle components. Vertical ...


In this study, an attempt was made in order to measure and evaluate the eco-efficiency performance of a pultruded composite processing company. For this purpose the recommendations of World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WCSD) and the directives of ISO 14301 standard were followed and applied. The main general indicators of eco-efficiency, as well as the specific indicators, were defined and determined. With basis on indicators' figures, the value profile, the environmental profile, and the pertinent eco-efficiency ratios were established and analyzed. In order to evaluate potential improvements on company eco-performance, new indicators values and eco-efficiency ratios were estimated taking into account the implementation of new proceedings and procedures, at both upstream and downstream of the production process, namely: i) Adoption of a new heating system for pultrusion die-tool in the manufacturing process, more effective and with minor heat losses; ii) Recycling approach, with partial waste reuse of scrap material derived from manufacturing, cutting and assembly processes of GFRP profiles. These features lead to significant improvements on the sequent assessed eco-efficiency ratios of the present case study, yielding to a more sustainable product and manufacturing process of pultruded GFRP profiles.


ABSTRACT Dating violence has been linked to past experiences of childhood emotional abuse; however, little research has explored how stress reactivity functions within interpersonal relationships to amplify or attenuate these associations. The present study investigated the moderating effects of cortisol stress reactivity on associations between retrospective self-reported childhood emotional abuse and later self-reported interpersonal violence in young adult dating relationships. The current sample consisted of 57 young adult heterosexual dating partners (46 females, 11 males) between the ages of 18 and 24. Salivary cortisol samples were collected before and after a stress task to measure stress reactivity. Moderation analyses were conducted through the PROCESS macro in SPSS version 22. The relation between childhood emotional abuse and dating violence varied depending on cortisol reactivity, such that the association between childhood emotional abuse and young adult dating violence was stronger for those who demonstrated low levels of cortisol reactivity. The association between childhood emotional abuse and dating violence was not significant for those who demonstrated high cortisol reactivity. Findings underscore the importance of studying physiological mechanisms that may confer risk in the relationship between child emotional abuse and later interpersonal consequences.


The theory of panspermia in a variety of forms remains an important theory to account for the origin of life on Earth and possibly also on other planetary bodies orbiting the "habitable zones" of stars. A form of panspermia we review here, that can be called neopanspermia, encapsulates the concept that a continuing infall of microbiota from space contributes both to the inception of life on Earth and its subsequent evolution. We discuss the development of the theory of panspermia and show how, over the past decade, we have used balloon-borne samplers (lofted to heights approaching 30km) to isolate unusual Biological Entities (BEs) which, we maintain, are continuously arriving at the Earth from space. These BEs are carbon-based, show bilateral symmetry, contain DNA and are in the range 10-40 micrometres in dimension. Their sizes are an order of magnitude higher than par-ticles (including bacteria and viruses) of terrestrial origin that are normally recovered in the strato-sphere. The fact that Earth-organisms (e.g. pollen grains, grass-shards and fungal spores) have not been found in our samples provides additional evidence that the isolated BEs originate from space and are of extraterrestrial provenance. We propose that such incoming microorganisms led to the emergence of life on the primitive Earth between 3.83 and 4 billion years ago and thereafter have continuously contributed to its evolution.


Bisphenol A cyanate ester/polyglycidyl methyacrylate (BADCy/PGMA) microcapsules were successfully fabricated via a solvent evaporation technique; herein, BADCy is the core material and synthesized PGMA is the shell material. Optimal BADCy/PGMA microcapsules with dense core–shell structures were implanted in the bisphenol A epoxy resin (E-51) matrix to fabricate the corresponding (BADCy/PGMA)/E-51 self-healing composites. Results revealed that the optimal BADCy/PGMA microcapsules presented a spherical shape and rough surface, with mean diameter of 31.5 μm and wall thickness of 2.2 μm. The core material of BADCy maintained its reactivity after being encapsulated by the shell of PGMA. The BADCy/PGMA microcapsules also presented relatively good thermal stability and proper mechanical stability. Moreover, the fabricated (BADCy/PGMA)/E-51 composite with 8 wt % BADCy/PGMA microcapsules possessed relatively good self-healing performance.


chain knitting machine, in particular knitting machine and sewing, characterized in that the control device 2 which ensures the operation of the row of knitting needles 1 and the driving device 5 which controls the movement of oscillation of the row 4 hole needles are each connected to a drive shaft 9 or 10 separate, the drive shafts 9, 10 are connected by a drive device 12 to main drive 6 and being always interposed between the latter and the drive device corresponding to 2 or 5, in that the drive shaft 10 is located below or behind the working plane of the row of knitting needles 1 and before the finished product 11 and comprises a plurality of drive devices 5 groups distributed over the entire working width of the machine.


The rapid development of computer technology allows ease of access, yet lurking threats. Security in computer networks are categorized into two, namely the physical and non physical security. Physical security is a security that is more likely to focus to all things physical. This type of security can be avoided by more careful guarding of the thieves' threats by putting in locked places and so on. As with the non-physical security, the more important issue involved is such as data security where its physical value may be less important. Therefore, this article discussed the safety factor especially on a computer network, vulnerable points on the computer network, techniques often used on attacks and some things you can do to ward off them.


The interests of the child is an indeterminate legal concept whose realization requires the judge to attend to the circumstances in each particular case. To facilitate this, the Organic Law 8/2015, modifying the system of protection of children and adolescents has introduced a list of general criteria for judicial determination of the best interests of the child in the adoption of decisions in which are involved minors, joining those already provided in some specific areas such as in determining the custody regime after their parents' marriage breakdown.


A class of new model shift maping was defined in bilateral symbol space.It was showed that the new model shift was a homeomorphism onto itself in a semi-bi-infinite symbolic space.A class of map on Mbius strip corresponding to the model shift was also constructed,and its dynamical behavior was described.


The recent progress on the research of photofunctional MOFs based hybrid materials for chemical sensing biomarkers are summarized. Among the lanthanide functionalized MOFs hybrid materials by the author's group the emphasis for this review.


The 77 keV197 Au Mossbauer resonance has been investigated at 4.2 K for all the phases of the gold manganese system which could be retained at room temperature. The isomer shift increases linearly with manganese concentration due to a transfer of electrons from the manganese atoms to the gold atoms. Quadrupole interactions are observed for 197Au in βMn, Au2Mn and AuMn2, and the values obtained are consistent with a simple point charge model. Analysis of the hyperfine magnetic fields for the magnetically ordered alloys in terms of a model whereby the field is determined by the geometrical arrangement of nearest neighbour manganese spins, yields a field per manganese unpaired electron of approximately 55 kOe,


Health care has been considered as among the most coveted and noble of all professions. However, the last decade has seen increasing incidents of violence against health-care professionals. The world, currently, faces an unprecedented emergency in the form of COVID-19 and health-care workers are at the frontline, saving lives and exposing themselves to the deadly virus and yet face the stigma of spreading the virus. The public perception has ranged from lauding the efforts of medical staff to unprovoked or unnecessary violence towards them. The current overview aims to understand the challenges faced by the health-care professionals specifically during the pandemic and how it has impacted perception of public and government.


The objectives of this research were: (1) to discover the different effect between generative and expository instructional strategisy toward Fikih learning achievement, (2) to discover the difference of Fikih learning achievement between student with background study MI and learning achievement of students with background study SD, and (3) to discover the interaction between instructional strategy and background study toward Fikih learning achievement.
The population of this research was 240 students of Grade VII, State Junior High School Islamic consisting of six classes. The sampling technique applied was cluster random sampling with Grade VII-1 students taught with generative instructional strategy and Grade VII-3 students taught with expository instructional strategy. The instrument used to measure the learning achievement was a multiple choice test of 39 items with 4 answer option. The normality test used Liliefors and the homogeneity tes was Bartlett test. The data analysis technique was Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) two-way at the level of significance a = 0.05 followed by Scheffe test.
The research findings were: (1) on average the students learning
achievement taught with generative instructional strategy was Tr= 28.2 which was higher than the average the students learning achievement taught with expository
instructional strategy, which was 7= 27.05 with F — 29.57 > Fje = 3.968 (2)
on average the student learning achievement with background study MI was 7= 29.91, which was higher than the student learning achievement with background
study SD was 7- 26 with F = 4.43 > F fable = 3.968 (3) there was an interaction
between instructional strategy and background study MI toward Fikih learning achievement with F count = 21.19 > F owe= 3.968.
Based on the data analysis, it can be concluded that students with background study MI characteristics should be best taught with generative instructional strategy while students with background study SD with expository instructional strategy. The implication is that the implementation of generative and expository instructional strategies should be in accordance with the background study. It is also suggested that teachers who plan to implement the generative instructional strategy should know the characteristics of students background study and the other researchers who plan to conduct a more in-depth study should have a different population and a bigger sample so that the research findings will be useful for the development to the quality of students learning achievement.

ABSTRAK


When we use the entropy method to get the tail bounds, typically the left tail bounds are not good comparing with the right ones. Up to now this asymmetry has been observed many times. Surprisingly we find an entropy method for the left tail that works in the exactly same way that it works for the right tail.


The goal of the paper is to develop a new method of system operation assessment required for maintaining high level of reliability of complex systems, where the basis of such strategy is procedure relying on the results of comparative research performed with the use of diagnostic models considering the state of developing degradation of their critical elements. To this aim was adopted and presented in this paper a Bayesian probabilistic framework for technical state assessment. The idea is to search for most informational diagnostic signal, by comparing the relative probabilities and utility function for any kind of failure and proper chosen diagnostic experiment. The Bayesian approach is shown. to take into account: 1. the decision analysis with given information –prior analysis; 2. the decision analysis with new information – posterior analysis; 3. the decision analysis with unknown information – pre- posterior analysis. Es example is considered the procedure of updating in material strength testing. The method of solving the problem described in the paper enables foreseeing the subsequent stages of defect development, thus enabling operational decisions to be made in a manner similar to the procedures applied for use of systems designed according to the "damage tolerant" principle.


Defense offsets are a form of countertrade whereby arms importing countries demand some form of compensation for the lost opportunity for domestic production. Both the United States and the European Union (EU) maintain that offsets are economically inefficient and trade distorting. Accordingly, free-trade advocates seek to prohibit offsets. Building on a previous article published in the Public Contract Law Journal – where he argued that offsets may be a "second-best" solution to the arms trade's market failures – the author turns to a wider array of policy considerations. He concludes that closer analysis of the questions catalogued here is necessary before an outright ban should be pursued. He contends that the question is multifactorial and, thus, should not be decided on the basis of efficiency alone. Meanwhile, the author proposes both public and private measures for mitigating any harm that offsets may cause and for coming to a better understanding of their effects.


UHPLC has been gradually adopted in industrial labs, especially the pharmaceutical industry due to its high resolution, high speed, and solvent saving, since its introduction in early 2004 (1). A UHPLC method using a sub-2 m column could reduce the analysis time by up to 80% and save the mobile phase consumption by at least 80% compared with an HPLC method using a conventional 3.5 m column without sacrificing separation performance (2). In addition, the much shorter run time significantly reduces UHPLC method development scouting time (1). HPLC method development principles can be applied to UHPLC method development, although detailed procedures may differ. In addition, many existing HPLC methods used in the pharmaceutical industry can be converted to UHPLC methods. In practice, a UHPLC method may need to be converted to HPLC when a UHPLC system is not available. This chapter provides an overview of the UHPLC method development process and the conversion process of an HPLC method to UHPLC or vice versa. It mainly focuses on analytical reversed phase UHPLC method development of small molecules. A general process and detailed steps are discussed as well as practical examples given.


A cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (CNOMA) system and an orbital angular momentum (OAM) -based multiple-input multiple-output multiplexing system is proposed as full-duplex relaying (referred to as CNOMF) by the cell center user to the cell edge user in this letter. The proposed CNOMF scheme can significantly improve the capacity of cell edge user and sum channel capacity via user-assisted decode and forward based full-duplex relaying by utilizing different ranges of OAM modes for a 6G (Sixth generation) wireless communication system, compared to other existing schemes (For example, CNOMA-MIMO with FDR, and orthogonal multiple access with OAM-MIMO and half duplex relaying); this was demonstrated via numerical result analysis.


In many European countries since the 1980s there has been a considerable decline in union density. Using the European Social Survey, this article examines whether declining union density reflects declining worker demand for the protective and enabling functions traditionally provided by union membership. Results indicate that a substantial majority of respondents believe that employees need the protection of strong unions. Irrespective of the respondent's occupational level, the extent of job autonomy, gender, age or political orientation, positive attitudes towards unions are consistently in the majority. The results show not only the persistence of a strong belief in the necessity for trade unions but a strengthening of this conviction among employees since the early 1980s.


Objective To study the effects of low dose radiation( LDR) combined with adriamycin on superoxide dismutase( SOD),glutathione peroxidase( GSH-PX),malondialdehyde( MDA) in kidney tissue of breast cancer-bearing nude mice. Methods Thirty-six breast cancer-bearing nude mice were divided into normal control,sham-irradiated( 0 m Gy),LDR( 75 m Gy),ADM and LDR-6 hADM,LDR-12 h-ADM groups. Take fresh kidney tissue homogenate was obtained to assay the vitality of SOD,GSH-PX and MDA contentResults Compared to those of normal control group,the value of SOD and GSH-PX were significantly decreased and the value of MDA was significantly increased in sham-irradiated group( P 0. 05). Compared with those of sham- irradiated group,the value of SOD,GSH-PX in ADM group were decreased,while those in LDR group were increased; the value of MDA in ADM group was increased while that in LDR group was decreased( P 0. 05). Compared to those of ADM group,the value of SOD and GSH- PX were increased and the value of MDA were decreased in LDR + ADM group( P 0. 05). Conclusions LDR could enhance the antioxidant enzyme activity in kidney tissue of breast tumor-bearing mouse,and reduce lipid peroxidation formation producing,thereby inhibiting oxidative stress reaction to reduce doxorubicin-induced kidney injury.


Thompson, Joy (National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, Australia 2000) and Gray, Max (Herbarium Australiense, CSIRO, P.o. Box 1600, Canberra City, Australia 2601) 1981. A check-list of subalpine and alpine plant speciesfound in the Kosciusko region of New South Wales. Telopea 2(3): 299-346, map. The paper consists of a list of Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae and Angiospermae together with locality data (and a map inside back cover) of species found growing above 1500 m aiL on the far Southern Tablelands of New South Wales. An index to families appears on p.345. (Plant Systematics: Plant Distribution.) 299


A spiro-dienone structure (eta -1/alpha -O-alpha) has been observed as one of the important structures present in spruce and aspen lignins, with abundance as high as 3% in spruce lignin.


Neural networks have been widely used for advanced tasks from image recognition to natural language processing. Many recent works focus on improving the efficiency of executing neural networks in diverse applications. Researchers have advocated processing‐in‐memory (PIM) architecture as a promising candidate for training and testing neural networks because PIM design can reduce the communication cost between storage and computing units. However, there exist noises in the PIM system generated from the intrinsic physical properties of both memory devices and the peripheral circuits. The noises introduce challenges in stably training the systems and achieving high test performance, e.g., accuracy in classification tasks. This review discusses the current approaches to tolerating noise effects for both training and inference in PIM systems and provides an analysis from a hardware–software codesign perspective. Noise‐tolerant strategies for PIM systems based on resistive random‐access memory (ReRAM), including circuit‐level, algorithm‐level, and system‐level solutions are explained. In addition, we also present some selected noise‐tolerate cases in PIM systems for generative adversarial networks and physical neural networks.


Three dogs and one cat were diagnosed at the University of Pennsylvania Veterinary Hospital as having parotid salivary duct rupture and fistula as a result of previous surgery. Sialography confirmed the diagnosis. Two animals were treated by ligation, and two by anastomosis of the parotid duct. All four animals returned to normal after treatment.


In this paper, a theory of charismatic relationships is examined with reference to the follower's personal characteristics. It is argued that a leader's charismatic message and personal charisma occupy different roles for individuals who vary in national culture and level of self-monitoring. In an empirical test of the theory, 387 undergraduates of Chinese and Australian cultural backgrounds completed self-monitoring and charismatic leadership instruments. High self-monitors placed more importance on personal charisma than the charismatic message. Chinese participants relied more than the Australians on the charismatic message, although this preference depended on self-monitoring orientation. These results indicate the influence of both individual-and cultural-level variables on leader-member relationships, and the need to consider these effects in future developments of a theory of charismatic leadership.


S OF ORAL PRESENTATIONS The themes of the days are: Sunday: OPENING LECTURE Monday: LANGUAGE & DEVELOPMENT Tuesday: SOCIAL PERCEPTION & COGNITION ACROSS PRIMATE SPECIES


A 90-m-long (100,000 year old) salt core from Death Valley, California, contains cells of the algal genus Dunaliella co-trapped with prokaryote cells in fluid inclusions in halite. It is hypothesized that Dunaliella cells provided glycerol, the carbon source needed by halophilic Archaea for survival over periods of tens of thousands of years. Support for this hypothesis includes: observations that intracellular materials leaked from Dunaliella cells into fluid inclusions; the distribution of Dunaliella cells in the Death Valley core, which matches the distribution of culturable prokaryotic cells; and halophilic Archaea cultured from the Death Valley core grew in media containing glycerol as the only carbon source.


We propose a new solution method for optimal stopping problems with random discounting for linear diffusions whose state space has a combination of natural, absorbing, or reflecting boundaries. The method uses a concave characterization of excessive functions for linear diffusions killed at a rate determined by a Markov additive functional and reduces the original problem to an undiscounted optimal stopping problem for a standard Brownian motion. The latter can be solved essentially by inspection. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of an optimal stopping rule are proved when the reward function is continuous. The results are illustrated on examples.


Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic cancer in the world. Most patients are diagnosed at advanced stages with the formation of ascites. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been elucidated to play a pivotal role in cancer development and progression, also emerging as promising resources for clinical biomarkers in liquid biopsy. In this study, we aim to identify cancer-specific protein biomarkers in ascites-derived EVs for ovarian cancer diagnosis. Malignant ascites from high grade ovarian cancer patients (HGSOC) and benign peritoneal fluids from female patients with benign gynecologic diseases were collected with informed consent. EVs were isolated from these biofluids using the Exoquick kit. Meanwhile, HGSOC cell lines and normal cell lines were cultured in conditioned media supplemented with EVs-depleted FBS. EVs were isolated from the culture media. Proteins were extracted from EVs and fragmented into peptides. Tandem mass tag (TMT) hyper multiplex quantitation assay was carried out to detect the EV proteomic profiling. EVs isolated from biofluids and cell culture media were identified as double-membrane nanoparticles sizing ranging from 30nm to 200nm. Proteomic analysis of biofluids-derived EVs showed that malignant ascites-derived EVs displayed different proteomic profiling compared to benign peritoneal fluids-derived EVs. The differently expressed proteins between malignant ascites-derived EVs and benign peritoneal fluids-derived EVs were defined as candidate EV protein biomarkers. In addition, proteins that were expressed in at least one cancer cell line-derived EVs but not expressed in normal cell line-derived EVs were also identified as ovarian cancer-specific proteins. A diagnostic model constructed based on the integrative analysis of candidate EV protein biomarkers and ovarian cancer-specific proteins yielded a good discrimination ability between benign and cancer patients.In conclusion, this study demonstrates the distinct proteomic profiling in ascites- and cancer cell-derived EVs in ovarian cancer, which sheds new light on implementing EV proteins as a potential diagnostic strategy in clinical settings.
 Citation Format: Wenyu Wang, Dohyun Han, Yong Sang Song. Proteomic analysis of ascites- and cancer cell-derived EVs for identifying ovarian cancer diagnostic biomarkers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5081.


Properties of pant surimi derived from porcine longissimus muscle were investigated Rapid glycolysis of muscle reduced yield of water-washed pork and moisture of pent surimi because of ie lower ultimate pH. Gel Hardness was significantly (p in gel matrix. Results imply that glycolysis rate of porcine muscle at postmortem could affect gel properties of pork surimi, and muscle with rapid glycolysis muscle could produce a hard texture of pork surimi and dark color.


In order to improve the resilience of structures subjected to strong earthquakes, a buckling-plate self-centering friction damper (BPSCFD) with low post-yielding stiffness is proposed, which consists of a group of post-buckling plates and a self-centering variable friction mechanism. The damper is intended to not only reduce the peak and residual deformation of structures, but also to limit the additional internal force of the structural elements. Through theoretical derivation and finite element simulation, the hysteretic damping and self-centering characteristics of BPSCFDs are studied. In order to examine the seismic performance of the BPSCFDs, the dampers are employed to retrofit a double-columns bridge bent, and the corresponding elastic-plastic time history analysis is conducted. The results show that the force-displacement relationships of BPSCFDs with different parameter combinations are characterized by typical flag-shaped self-centering hysteretic loops and low post-yielding stiffness, and the dampers can effectively reduce the peak and residual deformation of the bridge bent without increasing the peak acceleration and base shear. The research results could supply a guideline for the design and application of the damper.


To study the application of diffusion weighted imaging and image post processing in the diagnosis of stroke, especially in acute stroke, 205 patients were examined by 1.5 T or 1.0 T MRI scanner and the images such as T1, T2 and diffusion weighted images were obtained. Image post processing was done with "3D Med System" developed by our lab to analyze data and acquire the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map. In acute and subacute stage of stroke, the signal in cerebral infarction areas changed to hyperintensity in T2- and diffusion-weighted images, normal or hypointensity in T1-weighted images. In hyperacute stage, however, the signal was hyperintense just in the diffusion weighted imaes; others were normal. In the chronic stage, the signal in T1- and diffusion-weighted imaging showed hypointensity and hyperintensity in T2 weighted imaging. Because ADC declined obviously in acute and subacute stage of stroke, the lesion area was hypointensity in ADC map. With the development of the disease, ADC gradually recovered and then changed to hyperintensity in ADC map in chronic stage. Using diffusion weighted imaging and ADC mapping can make a diagnosis of stroke, especially in the hyperacute stage of stroke, and can differentiate acute and chronic stroke.


An array-type downhole seismic tool was developed for 5level 3-axis simultaneous data acquisition in cased hole. The primary design criteria were (1) mechanical simplicity for reliability and operational safety, (2) high quality acoustic performance and (3) data quality control capabilities. The individual sensor package was made mechanically reliable and acoustically robust by utilizing a permanent magnet as the tool clamping method. The acoustic isolator of each sensor package ias designed to isolate the sensor package from the dynamics of the array cable, and to ensure independent seismic recording at each depth. In-situ calibration and testing capabilities for the acquisition hardware were also implemented to ensure uniform performance among the sensor packages. Examples of the field data are shown to demonstrate the performance of the tool.


taken by the recently founded public health department of the Government and by the several municipalities to combat the disease, which gave satisfactory results. Bubonic plague is now endemic in Peru, but not in a virulent form,. since the mortality only averages about twenty-five per cent. of the cases. which, of late years, have been but few. The most prevalent disease on the Peruvian coast, where the principal


A novel global navigation satellite system-reflectometry (GNSS-R) software receiver and its preliminary experimental results are presented in this study. The antenna systems, the multi-channel radio-frequency front end, and the digital signal processing unit of this receiver are described in detail. With this developed software receiver, the signals in the Global Positioning System L1 band (GPS L1), BeiDou-2 B1, GLObal NAvigation Satellite System L1, and Galileo E1 bands can be tracked and used as the transmissions of GNSS-R to obtain more information about the scattering properties of ground objects. The preliminary experimental results show that various GNSS signals can be successfully acquired and tracked by this receiver. Furthermore, when it was applied to the soil moisture estimation with the ground-based GNSS-R technique, a relative measure error of 5.79 and 1.39% can be obtained with GPS L1 and BeiDou-2 B1 signals, respectively, by comparing the retrieval results with the measuring results provided by a moisture metre.


In this paper the author presents a MERLIN as well as a VLBI image of the QSO 3C286 at λ18 cm. We also put forward models for explaining the radio structure of 3C286 and plans for further research.


Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): National Research, Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary

 Intensive physical exercise leads to structural and functional cardiac adaptation termed athlete's heart. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has an important role in the differentiation of physiological adaptation and pathological conditions. Beside the precise measurement of the ventricular volumes, mass, and function, it provides tissue specific information. Recently, native T1 mapping technique has been applied as a non-contrast method to detect myocardial fibrosis. Previous studies suggested that native T1 mapping can identify myocardial pathology before other CMR imaging techniques. T2 mapping values are elevated in case of myocardial edema.

 The aim of our study was to investigate the differences in CMR characteristics especially the native T1 and T2 mapping values of highly trained healthy athletes, healthy controls and patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).

 A total of 43 healthy athletes (water polo, swimming, football, 22 ± 8 training hours/week), 27 non-athlete healthy control and 25 HCM patients were involved in the study. Our inclusion criteria were: age >18 years,  in the athlete group >7 training hours per week . We evaluated the left ventricular (LV) end-systolic, end-diastolic (EDVi) and stroke volume (SVi) index, mass index (LVMi), ejection fraction (EF) and maximal end-diastolic wall thickness (EDWT). In a basal short axis slice the native T1 and T2 mapping values were evaluated.

 Athletes had significantly higher LV volumes compared to the control and HCM group (LVEDVi 114 ± 13 vs. 86 ± 11; 84 ± 15  ml/m2, LVSVi 64 ± 7 vs. 51 ± 7; 54 ± 10 ml/m2, respectively, p < 0.0001). HCM patients had the highest LVMi (72 ± 14 g/m2) and EDWT (18 ± 4 mm) compared to athletes and controls, athletes had higher LVMi (60 ± 11 vs. 42 ± 8 g/m2) and EDWT (10 ± 2 vs. 8 ± 1 mm) compared to the controls (p < 0.001). The native T1 mapping values differed significantly in the three groups, athletes had the lowest, HCM patients had the highest T1 values (athletes: 956 ± 19 ms, controls: 971 ± 20 ms, HCM patients: 993 ± 39 ms; p < 0.0001). There was no difference in the T2 mapping values between athletes and controls (44 ± 2 vs. 43 ± 2 ms), HCM patients had higher T2 values (45 ± 2 ms) compared to the other two groups (p < 0.01).

 Intensive and regular training may lead to tissue specific changes of the myocardium. T1 and T2 mapping are potentially useful tools for differentiating between athlete"s heart and patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
 Abstract Figure. T1 mapping in HCM and athlete


OBJECTIVE To study the potential role of lipoprotein(a) in senile patients with pulmonary infections and provide the evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment.METHODS The levels of serum Lp(a) were measured by latex agglutination turbidimetric method in senile patients with pulmonary infections,the change after the treatment was observed as well.RESULTS The percentage of the abnormal Lp(a) was 80% in the infection group at the acute infection stage,5% in the control group;the level of Lp(a) was(389.17±279.32)mg/L,the control group(103.51±76.04)mg/L,the infection group was significantly higher than the control group(P0.05);after the systematic treatment the level of serum Lp(a) of the senile patients with pulmonary infections was(160.04±129.62)mg/L,significantly decreased as compared with the infection group(P0.05);the variation tendency of Lp(a) was consistent with the classic inflammation markers such as CRP.CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the Lp(a),as is the acute response protein,may involve in the pathogenesis of pulmonary infections in senile patients,it may be regarded as a monitoring index of diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary infections in the senile patients.


A simple, novel and accurate numerical formulation is prescribed through variational formalism to control the gaussian input beam width in order to achieve spatial solitary propagation in homogeneous medium for known power and waveguide material parameters. Based on the available elegant concept, analysis should be useful in studying self guidance phenomena in fiber or planar waveguides.


We study how a manager's short-term interest in the firm's market value may motivate channel stuffing: shipping excess inventory to the downstream channel. Channel stuffing allows a manager to report sales in excess of demand in order to influence investors' valuation of the firm. We apply an inventory model that highlights the potential role of inventory in the manager's channel stuffing and the investors' valuation strategies. Sales in our model are constrained by available inventory. Our model yields a semiseparating and semipooling equilibrium contingent on the initial inventory level: When the demand is lower than a threshold that depends on and is below the initial inventory level, the manager pads sales by a part of the excess inventory and releases the inflated sales report. The investors "correct" the reported sales and are able to infer perfectly the firm's value. When the demand reaches or exceeds this threshold, the manager pads any excess inventory to the sales and reports the initial inventory is sold out, which censors large demand realizations. Then the investors only infer the real demand is no less than the threshold and value the firm accordingly by expectation. Channel stuffing can influence the inventory decision, too. We find both over-and underinvestment in the initial inventory can arise in our model. We discuss empirical and managerial implications of our findings.

This paper was accepted by Paul H. Zipkin, operations and supply chain management.


Back in 1995, NOFX were riding high with the success of their soon-to-be gold iconic album Punk in Drublic. Heres the entire footage of the bands ...


A new species of a predator aphelenchoidid, Seinura caverna n. sp., is described and illustrated. The new species was isolated from bat guano collected from a calcareous cave in Japan. The new species is characterised by its three-lined lateral field, secretory-excretory pore at the level of the posterior two-thirds of the metacorpus, a long post-uterine sac, hermaphrodite tail shape elongate conoid with a filiform tip, and an androdioecious reproductive mode. The new species is typologically and biologically close to S. steineri, but is distinguished by its longer post-uterine sac, slightly longer stylet and slightly larger median bulb. The comparisons with other morphologically similar species, i.e., S. chertkovi, S. tenuicaudata and S. steineri, are discussed. A molecular phylogenetic analysis based on two small and large subunit ribosomal RNA genes revealed that the new species is located at the basal position of clade 3 of the Aphelenchoididae, clearly separate from S. demani, its congener with unclear rectum and anus, which is located at the derived position, suggesting that further generic revision is necessary for the genus. Aphelenchoides lii n. comb. (= Seinura lii) is proposed.


The effect of the structure of nonionic surfactants on the selforganization (aggregation) of the hydrophobic compound β,β,β',β'�tetramethyltribenzotetraazachlorin so lubilized in solutions of these sur� factants has been investigated in the present work. Changes in the spectral properties of the solute resulting from its aggregation were assessed. The degree of β,β,β',β'�tetramethyltribenzotetraazachlorin aggregation has been shown to depend on the length of the hydrophobic moiety of the surfactant molecule. Evidence on the absence of correlation between the degree of aggregation of the solubilized photosensitizer and the numeric value of the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of the surfactant has been obtained. The method of dynamic light scattering has been used to show that the dynamic rearrangement of micelles is one of the rea� sons for the aggregation of substituted tetraazachlorins in colloidal solutions of nonionic surfactants. The study of changes in the aggregation degree of tetraazachlorins in solutions of nonionic surfactants at dilution proved the possibility of redistribution of solubilized photosensitizer in investigated micellar systems.


ABSTRACT We present a first assessment of the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and 300m Heat Content (HC) ensemble mean skill of the Australian Community Climate and Earth-System Simulator-Seasonal v1.0 (ACCESS-S1) around New Zealand on seasonal timescales, using a set of retrospective ensemble forecasts for 1990-2012. This was verified against Reynolds AVHRR analysis and Bluelink ReANalysis 3.5 (BRAN3.5). For inshore areas with depth <300m, the model shows skill forecasting for summer at a lead time of 0 months, with 66% and 65% of model grid cells having correlation coefficients exceeding 0.6 for SST and 300m HC respectively. Regions of lower skill seem to be associated with the model representation of the complex and variable frontal systems around New Zealand, and an overly-strong response to the El Niño Southern-Oscillation (ENSO). Nevertheless, the skill of ACCESS-S1 around New Zealand suggests there is potential for the development of useful seasonal forecast products for the region.


This study investigated the differences in parenting between the parents of gifted children and the parents of non-gifted children in the context of some parenting dimensions, such as parents' educational values, parent-child interaction, parents' efficacy for their children, independence training, health maintenance, expectation and socialization. An 88-item questionnaire concerning the above parenting dimensions and a corresponding 88-item questionnaire concerning children's outcomes were applied respectively to 148 non-gifted and 59 gifted children and both their parents in Beijing. Data analyses revealed some substantial differences between the parents of gifted children and the parents of non-gifted children. The parents of gifted children scored significantly higher on three parenting dimensions: educational values, efficacy for their children, and parent-child interaction. These differences were identical with some previous research findings of the characteristics of parents of highly gifted or cognitive competent individuals, which had been proved beneficial to children's cognitive development.


Quinine is then given till the ears ring, etc. We have tried to substitute other purgatives instead of the resin of jalap and calomel; but experiments have only produced the conviction that aulght else is mere trifling. No strength is lost in oor march up the river of six lhundred miles on foot. An European woulld be stricken down in. onie day, and the next after the operation of the remedy would resume his march on foot. In some very severe attacks, it was necessary for the patient to travel upon a donkey; but, after two or three days, he would prefer to tramp it. We tried Warburg's tincture, which has a great reputation in India; but it causes profuse sweating, and does Inot cure the disease. The strength is also inmpaired. We lhad a good supply, by the kindness of one of our nobility; but I am compelled to say that it did not answer our expectations. The daily use of quinine is no preventive. We have seen many cases of fever occur when the person was on the verge of cinchonism. I employed the foregoing remedy with success on the west coast; but made no fuss about it, more than make a general statement in the 3Missionary Travels. I was not quite sure that our fever was identical with that which Dr. MIeWVilliam encountered in the Niger; but the imelancholy fate of a party of miissionaries at Linyanti, where six out of nine Europeans, and four native attendants, perished in the short space of three months, makes nme fear that it is the same complaint as that wlhich destroyed the officers of Commodore Owen in the Zambesi, those of Captain Tuckey in the Congo, and the crews of the great Niger Expedition in that river. My companions, Dr. Kirk and Mr. C. Livingstone, entertain the sanme idea of the value of ouir pills as I do. We wrote a paper for one of the nmedical journlals. But the above sad case makes us anxious that the remedy shouild become more extenisivelv known than it has been, aind I do not know a better plan for effecting this than by communicating it to Dr. McWilliam. Those who may try the rernedy will do well to renmember that the above doses are for strong adults. I cured nyself and native companions in this way during miiy lonig journeys between 1852 and 1856; and that the rem-nedy has no bad effect on the system, may be inferred from the fact that I have had no regular attack of fever since my return. I have had little illnesses, probably from exposure to malaria in its most intenise forms, but nothing like what I formerly experienced; and I am of opinion that what we were all taught, inot to give quiniine till we had used the preliminary nmeasure of relieving the bowels, was a mistake. Might the remedy not be applied to some of the fevers at home that arise in unhealthy localities? Around every village in this country there is a very large collection of human ordure during, the dry season; this is swept into the rivers by the heavy rains; and youi may guess the effect from huindreds of thousands of villages. The natives here do not drink the water as the natives do on the banks of the Thames, but make holes in the sand to draw from. Possibly this has as much to do with the origin of fever as it has at home. I give ai specimen of the difference between dry and wet bulb, Victoria Falls, 24th Sept., 1860.* Air. W'et Bulb. Difference. In shade at 9 A.M. 87' 590 280 12 M. 96.50 63' 33.5° 3 r.m. 96' Go,, 36't


Following the identification of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China in December 2019, AI researchers have teamed up with a health specialist to combat the virus. This study explores the medical and non-medical areas of COVID-19 that AI has impacted: the prevalence of the AI technologies adopted across all stages of the pandemic, the collaboration networks of global AI researchers, and the open issues. 21,219 papers from ACM Digital, Science Direct and Google Scholar were examined. Adherence to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework and utilizing the PICO (population, intervention, comparison, and outcome) paradigm, guided the inclusion of researches in the review. Tables and graphs were utilized to display the results. Analysis revealed that AI has impacted 4 molecular, 4 clinical, and 7 societal areas of COVID-19. Deep Learning among other AI technologies was traced to all aspects of the pandemic. 2173 authors and co-authors were traced to these achievements, while 32 of the most connected 51 authors were affiliated with institutions in China, 18 to the United States, and 1 to Europe. The open issues identified had to do with the quality of datasets, AI model deployment, and privacy issues. This study demonstrates how AI may be utilized for COVID-19 diagnosis, prediction, medication and vaccine identification, prognosis, and contact person monitoring. This investigation began at the beginning of the epidemic and continued until the first batch of vaccinations received approval. The study provided collaboration opportunities for AI researchers and revealed open issues that will spike further research toward preparing the world for any future pandemic Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, COVID-19, Diagnosis, Prognosis, Contact Tracing


When a Rectangular tension test specimen made of carbon steel undergoes yield stress on the occasion of a tensile test, striped patterns or `Stretcher Strains' appear on the surface affected. These patterns are easily discernible by the naked eye. Thus the patterns function as a visual sensor for yield stress. In order to utilize this phenomenon as a yield stress sensor one need only polish the surface to a fine smoothness. In the following the basic data on the use of `Yield Stress Patterns' or Stretcher Strains as a yield stress sensor will be presented. An example will be put forth in order to make an analysis of the use of yield stress patterns as a stress sensor.


In-circuit tests play a key role in manufacturing electronic devices with a high level of reliability. One of the most flexible technology for the tests is based on flying probes, in which a set of conductive needles is automatically positioned on multiple test points of the device under test. The probes are controlled at high speed within the working space, to increase the production rate, Position and contact force of probing system should be accurately controlled, to prevent damages to the parts. A force sensor is usually used in the contact detection and for controlling the contact force. However, the force sensor is weak against impact force and expensive. A Reaction Force Observer (RFOB) is often used in force control system without force sensors. This paper proposes a fast force controller for probing systems without force sensor. In this study, a MEMS accelerometer is used to improve the performance of the RFOB. Acceleration-aided Kalman Filter (aaKF) is combined with the RFOB to derive accurate estimates of the velocity and acceleration signals. The contact detection is conducted using jerk signal, which can be obtained by differentiating the acceleration. After the contact detection, a negative constant force is applied for a short period, to decelerate the motion of the probe. Finally, a force control is applied. Experiments were conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposal. As a result, the proposed method can quickly control the contact force without overshoot, with a settling time of 10 ms. The proposed control is effective for circuit probing systems, because the force is controlled in short time, so making the in-circuit test time short.


ORF50 and ORF57 are conserved genes in all gamma herpesviruses and play important roles in gene regulation and expression. In order to characterize potential molecular markers of productive infection, transcription of ORF50 and ORF57 of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) was analysed. ORF50, transcribed at the first stages of infection, is singly spliced and the two transcripts have different promoters and regulatory elements. ORF57, transcribed at later times, has no recognizible promoter but acquires promoter and enhancer elements as a consequence of a single splice. Productive infection in Kaposi's Sarcoma specimens is associated with the transcriptions of ORF50 and ORF57.


Chapter 4 addresses the issue of the Son's submission to his Father, that has been the subject of intense theological debate in recent decades. Oddly, Hebrews 5:7-10 has not figured prominently in that debate. This chapter looks at the relevance of this passage for this issue in Christology. It does so in close conversation with two prominent theologians: Karl Barth and Thomas Aquinas. Accordingly, the chapter offers a summary of their views on this issue, investigates their interpretations of this passage, canvasses and evaluates some common criticisms of their respective positions, and then revisits the question of how a viable interpretation of Hebrews might impact these debates.


Purpose

This paper aims to provide an overview of current and historical arcjet development. The reviewed arcjets are considered with respect to both design and thruster relevant parameters. Correspondingly, the paper enables the identification of adequate design criteria and of the probable thruster parameters.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach consists of a database for thruster relevant parameters in conjunction with relevant operational requirements (such as type of propellant) and specific design criteria (such as e.g. propellant injection systems).

Findings

The synopsis of both operational parameter and respectively assigned design allows for the derivation of development approaches for arcjets under given high level requirements such as power regime.

Research limitations/implications

The paper is a general review. However, its strength is in the synthesis of the arcjet classification, the functional evidence of design criteria and the application scenario.

Practical implications

Not only basic but also specific design criteria are analyzed and evaluated leading to a recommendation feature of the paper with respect to the overall design of adequate arcjets.

Social implications

Within the scope of the Clean Space initiative, new applications and scenarios from the operation of arcjets arise enabling EOL phases of spacecraft that fulfill respective levels of debris mitigation and, in addition, the requirements concerning the adequately adapted re-entry of spacecrafts that are at end of life.

Originality/value

The paper is a general review. However, its strength is in the synthesis of the arcjet classification, the functional evidence of design criteria and the application scenario.


Introduction: Hypertension is associated with leptin production and ROS formation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and contributes to vascular remodeling. Adiponectin (ADQ) has a cardioprotec...


Objective: This study was conducted to determine the dietary acid load of obese women and to examine the relationship between dietary acid load, anthropometric measurements, and quality-of-life.
Method: 140 volunteer adult individuals with body mass index 30-0.05). PRAL score in obese smokers was higher than the PRAL score of obese non-smokers (p0.05).
Conclusion: In this study, the dietary acid load increased with the increase in obesity. Smoking is another condition that increases dietary acid load. In addition, factors such as socioeconomic status and constipation also affect dietary acid load. Besides, as the obesity status of individuals increases, the quality-of-life decreases. Therefore, attention should be paid on assessing dietary acid load and weight control when planning nutritional therapy in obese individuals.