Cosmopolitanism, Nationalism, and Individualism in Modern China: The Chenbao Fukan and the New Culture Era, 1918-1929. Xiaoqun Xu. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books, 2014. 254 pp. $23.70 pbk.In this book, Xiaoqun Xu explores the complicated interactions between cosmopolitanism and nationalism in Chinese intellectual life by examining the history of journalism in early 20th-century China. It is a thought-provoking addition to the rapidly expanding body of the literature on the history of modern Chinese mass media, cultural globalization, and public discourse on the nature of Chinese nationalism/internationalism. To explain current trends in intellectual discourse among the Chinese media and intelligentsia, the author focuses his research in the turbulent 1920s, which he claims are "essential to understanding Chinese history and culture."Xiaoqun Xu is a professor of history at Christopher Newport University in Virginia. He specializes in the history of Chinese modernization and intellectual discourse. In the work under review, Xu addresses three important questions: Which materials were published in The Chenbao Fukan? What was the role played by this newspaper supplement in the growing Chinese print media, in forming and informing "the public" and "public opinion"? And what does all this say about the historical significance of the new cultural era in China?The six chapters of the monograph discuss various aspects of what the author calls the "New Cultural Era" spanning 1918 to 1928, the post-World War I years that saw consolidation of China as a republic and an emerging modern nation-state (the Chinese Empire was abolished in 1911). The issue of media and cultural globalization in China has of course been quite intensively researched by both Western and Chinese scholars (Doug Guthrie 2006, Huike Wen 2013, etc.). Yet, Xiaoqun Xu believes he can offer a fresh look at the political and cultural discourses through analysis of a single, but very influential media outlet: The Chenbao Fukan, the literary supplement to the Morning Post newspaper published in Beijing. He argues that the importance of The Fukan derives from "the growing role of newspaper supplements in shaping men and women's reading habits and engaging their political, intellectual and literary interest." In turn, the emerging new media contributed significantly to influencing public opinion on various issues, such as the rising nationalism and what he terms "cosmopolitanism" and "individualism" throughout the "new cultural era."The book conceptualizes the dynamics of political and intellectual history, and specifically the history of Chinese journalism, by utilizing content analysis and case studies of The Chenbao Fukan. The first chapter deals with the background of the cultural debates in China in general and its capital Beijing in particular, and the role of the Chinese media in these debates. In addition, Xu looks at the editorial policy of the newspaper, attempting to explain how and why The Chenbao Fukan became so popular and influential. Chapter 2 assesses the emergence of three important topics in the newspaper: cosmopolitanism, nationalism, and what the author calls "Colonial hierarchy. …


The aim was to evaluate diets with biological cornmeal silage in order to improve the productive performance of Cryphiops caementarius river shrimp. Shrimp were grown in 12 aquariums (55 L). Shrimp were randomly stocked (32 m) and fed diets containing 4.2%, 8.4% and 12.5% cornmeal silage and a control diet without silage. Experiment lasted 60 days. Physical, organoleptic and chemical quality of silage and the diets were analyzed at beginning. Silage had 8.57% protein; 16.49% total lipids; 1.45% fiber; 2.25% ash; 71.24% carbohydrates, and the pH was 4.40. Increase in level of corn silage (0% to 12.5%) in diets caused an increase in carbohydrates (38% to 47%) and a decrease in lipids (11% to 14%). Shrimp survival was similar (p > 0.05) between treatments (> 88%). Diet with 12.5% corn silage caused higher growth rates shrimp weight (p < 0.05) than those fed a diet without silage; although it was similar (p > 0.05) with those fed with 8.4% and 4.2% silage.


Preschool classrooms often include free play time during the school day. Many studies have been conducted on the common sociodramatic play center, yet less research has observed the importance of block play. However, the block play center can be used to foster literacy and mathematics skills. Similar to other play centers, block play is a social phenomenon where students can develop language skills and vocabulary. Early math skills are supported as students count, sort, classify, and identify blocks. Students must also use spatial awareness and language to place blocks. Furthermore, preschoolers must problem solve and use logical and creative thinking to strengthen block structures. Finally, blocks are representational in that they serve as symbols. By understanding symbolic representation, students are learning that an object or idea can stand for something else, similar to written words. It is important for preschool teachers to develop a strong block play center where students can participate in sustained block play in order to foster reading literacy and mathematics skills.


Career choice one of the foremost important decisions that individuals make in their life and affects their entire lives. The choice of profession is decisive in one's interpersonal relationships and life roles. Individuals are influenced by many social support sources such as family, friends, teachers in their career preferences. Parents, who have an important role in the development of their children, have a great influence on the career choice process. The mismatch of the career goals of children and parents causes conflicts. The aim of this study is to make a Turkish adaptation of The Discrepancies Between Individual-Set and Parent-Set Career Goals Scale by Sawitri, Creed, Perdhana (2020) to measure the incompatibilities between the career goals that young people set for themselves and the career goals that their parents set for them. Apart from The Discrepancies Between ındividual-Set and Parent-Set Career Goals Scale, a "Personal Information Form" was created by the researchers to describe the characteristics of the participants. In addition, the Adolescent-Parent Career Congruence Scale was directed to the participants. The Discrepancies Between ındividual-Set and Parent-Set Career Goals Scale consists of a three-factor structure for ability inconsistencies, choice inconsistencies and enthusiasm inconsistencies. The Chi-square value obtained as a result of the confirmatory factor analysis performed to test whether this structure in the original of the scale is verified or not, Normed Fit Index (NFI), Incremental Fit Index (IFI), Turker-Lewis Index (TLI) Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) and SRMR (Standardized Root Mean Square Residual) values were taken into account. Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient was calculated for the reliability analysis of the scale. The Cronbach alpha coefficient was calculated as .93. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of the skill inconsistency sub-dimension is .82; the selection inconsistency sub-dimension was .93 and the enthusiasm inconsistency sub-dimension was .94. The validity and reliability study conducted within the scope of the study shows that the Turkish form for the young adult sample is valid and reliable.


The gravity field is one of the basic physical fields of the Earth. Dynamic measurements could improve the efficiency of gravity surveying and mapping, and have very important applications in the fields of geological survey, geophysics, resource exploration, inertial navigation and so on. Currently, dynamic gravity measurements are mostly based on relative measurements. The dynamic relative gravimeters have the problem of zero drift, which affects the measurement performance. Dynamic absolute gravimeters can provide synchronous and co-site calibration for relative gravimeters and solve the problem of long drift. Therefore dynamic absolute gravimeters have attracted much attention. Based on a homemade atomic gravimeter and an inertial stable platform, a system of absolute gravity dynamic measurement has been built on a ship. The dynamic measurement experiments of absolute gravity under the state of ship-borne mooring have been carried out. It is found that the frequency of vibration noises of this ship is around 0.2 Hz, and the amplitude is about 1 Gal. In the case of harsh environment, the temperature and humidity of the used container have been controlled to be 25 ℃ and 70% via the air conditioning. Then, a continuous gravity measurement of 5 hour has been taken, and the peak to peak value of 80 mGal has been achieved. The values of gravity have no drifts at all during the measurements. Besides, the sensitivity of gravity measurement has been evaluated to be 16.6 mGal/Hz –1/2 under the environment of ship-borne mooring. A resolution of 0.7 mGal could be reached with an integration time of 1000 s. The stability of this system has been estimated after the measurement of absolute gravity for two weeks, and the change of absolute gravity values is about 0.5 mGal. Finally, in order to evaluate the accuracy of the dynamic measurement of absolute gravity, the measured average value of absolute gravity at ship-borne has been compared with the value of the high-precision absolute gravity reference point of the pier


This edited text brings together 37 contributing authors from schools of medicine, social work, public health, and nursing; institutes for gerontology and health and aging; and various research and demonstration projects from around the United States. Beginning with the foreward by Dr. Robert Butler and progressing throughout the book, it is clear that the content was designed and edited to serve as a practical resource for emerging nationwide efforts to promote the well-being of older adults.


A new method to monitor tool wear condition in real time using feed-motor current measured with the aid of inexpensive current sensors installed on the AC servomotor of a CNC turning centre is presented. To achieve this, the feed drive system model is analysed, the feed-motor current is measured, and the relations between feed-motor current, cutting force, and tool flank wear are addressed. The functional dependence of the feed-motor current on tool wear is then expressed in the form of a difference equation relating variation in the feedmotor current to tool flank wear rate. The computerized system automatically compares successive feed-motor current and determines the onset of accelerated tool wear in order to issue a request for tool replacement. Experimental results show that this method of tool wear condition monitoring is effective and industrially applicable.


Due to the complex, dynamic and fast-moving nature of the air combat task, performance assessment during air-to-air combat provides many unique measurement problems. A combined analytical and empirical technical approach was used to develop a candidate measurement structure and algorithm for the measurement of pilot performance during one-versus-one air combat maneuvering. Nearly all of 28 candidate measures were found to discriminate between high and low skilled pilots during free engagements on the Simulator for Air-to-Air Combat. Discriminant analyses provided a measurement algorithm consisting of 13 measures which accounted for 51% of the variance in the performance data and which predicted membership in high or low skill groups with 92% accuracy.


ABSTRACT International postgraduate students from language backgrounds other than English face difficulties in Australian universities related not only to language but also to learning and relational styles and discipline‐specific expectations. Academic staff who supervise these students are often well aware of these issues but may lack specialist skills to help improve outcomes. At The University of Adelaide, collaboration between language and learning staff and discipline specialists has resulted in an integrated model of language and academic skill development which may be widely applicable in the Australian context. The Integrated Bridging Program (IBP) has been trialled in seven faculties and subsequently introduced university‐wide. This paper describes the development of the IBP and its 1994 pilot, summarises the evaluative data collected and outlines resulting changes. The final section discusses factors found to have been important to the success of the program and suggests ways in which they may ...


3.7% of fetuses carried to term in Morocco result in stillborn infants. Findings are presented from an evaluation of how women bearing stillborn fetuses are managed upon the delivery ward of Hassan II Hospital Agadir where the stillborn birth rate has previously been measured at 4.6%. This prospective study conducted between November 21 1998 and March 23 1999 hoped to gain insight appropriate to the development of a protocol for the proper management of women bearing stillborn fetuses. Hospital records were reviewed 52 mothers of stillborn infants surveyed and attending nurses interviewed. There were 89 stillbirths among the 1859 deliveries (4.78%) reported during the study period. 42.31% of stillborn fetuses were to primiparous women while 25% were to women of parity 4 or higher. In 82.70% of cases women were informed by midwives of their stillbirth. 13.46% of the women were able to see their infant upon request 61.54% saw their infant without requesting and 25% were denied seeing the infant despite requesting to do so. 78.85% of surveyed women were unsatisfied with their IEC nursing consultation and 80% left the hospital with unanswered questions. Nurses were not trained in grief management. A management approach is proposed which takes into account the psychological and spiritual health of mothers bearing stillborn infants.


The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) will be the next high-energy gamma-ray observatory. Selection of the sites, one in each hemisphere, is not obvious since several factors have to be taken into account. Among them, and probably the most crucial, are the atmospheric conditions. Since July 2012, the site working group has deployed automatic ground based instrumentation (ATMOSCOPE) on all the candidate sites. Due to the limited time span available from ground based data, long term weather forecast models become necessary tools for site characterization. It is then of prime importance to validate the models by comparing it to the ATMOSCOPE measurements. We will describe the sources of data (ATMOSCOPE, weather forecasting model and satellite data) for the site evaluation and how they will be used and combined.


The full range of 50 initial, Moon-orbit-forced superharmonic resonance periods is detected in the 1969-1977 time-series of all 12474 consecutive 0.02 Hz moonquakes from the Apollo Program catalog. The resonance is found forcing the strongest-energy (highest-fidelity) part of the 10 hours–100 days (27.78–0.115741 μHz) long-periodic band at 99–67% confidence and below. Resonance signatures of the Moon's other four long tidal periods – synodic, anomalistic, nodical, and tropical – were also identified but not as separate drivers of body resonance. The spectra were computed using a least-squares spectral analysis method that enabled separation of the signal driver and noise signatures of all lunar tides, as well as extraction of the exact sequence of resonance periods affecting the solid Moon. As the main disruptive phase, the Moon's orbital period introduces nonlinearity into lunar vibration and thus forces lunar seismotectonics too, giving rise to superharmonic resonance and probably the so-called free librations as well. The spatiotemporally independent computations of Earth and Moon superharmonic resonances from seismicity time-series prove that (the magnification of) macroscopic mechanical resonance is from-quantum-to-macroscopic-scales universal, and therefore as important as gravitation and fundamental forces. I propose then that some of the craters and calderas in our Solar system are petrified evidence of polygonal Faraday latticing. Finally, since only planets with one moon are susceptible to resonance plate tectonics, to prevent Earth energy overload and disintegration, a global geoengineering scheme is proposed to reassign the smaller of Martian moons, Deimos, to Earth so to attenuate Earth plate tectonics while unlocking Mars plate tectonics for natural terraforming. Key words—resonance computations, Moon tectonics, moonquake prediction, planetary physics, Mars.


Objective To investigate the incidence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in hemodialysis patients and to analyze the related risk factors.  Methods There were 220 cases of hemodialysis as hemodialysis group and 40 cases of chronic nephrosis as control group. The severity of RLS was measured by International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group Rating Scale (IRLS). Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to evaluate the status of depression, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was used to evaluate excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) was used to evaluate the status of insomnia. Univariate and multivariate forward Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the related risk factors for RLS in hemodialysis patients. Results In hemodialysis group duration ( Z =-9.837, P = 0.000), serum ferritin ( t = 2.847, P = 0.005), incidence rate of RLS ( χ 2 = 10.918, P = 0.001), the proportion of using hypnotic drugs ( χ 2 = 7.669, P = 0.006), IRLS ( t = 2.322, P = 0.020) and ISI ( Z = 4.117, P = 0.001) were significantly higher than control group. Univariate and multivariate forward Logistic regression analysis showed diabetes ( OR = 3.387, 95% CI: 1.538-7.461; P = 0.002), BDI > 9 score ( OR = 2.643, 95% CI: 1.457-4.795; P = 0.001) and ISI > 7 score ( OR = 3.542, 95%CI: 1.939-6.468; P = 0.000) were independent risk factors for RLS in hemodialysis patients.  Conclusions Hemodialysis patients have a high incidence of RLS and insomnia. RLS is closely related with insomnia. Depression plays an important role therein. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2018.01.009


The objectives of the study were to evaluate and compare medication adherence associated with acne drugs in children and adolescents with acne vulgaris.


From the Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health (J.B.K.), and the Department of Medicine (D.J.W.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Received January 11, 2010; accepted January 13, 2010; electronically published February 22, 2010. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2010; 31:412-413 2010 by The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. All rights reserved. 0899-823X/2010/3104-0015$15.00. DOI: 10.1086/651306 The Concise Communication by M'ikanatha et al in this issue of Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, "Child Care Center Exclusion Policies and Directors' Opinions on the Use of Antibiotics," is a useful window into child care policies and child care directors' opinions about the use of antibiotics in child care. Given our knowledge that infectious disease is more common among children in child care than among children reared at home, it not surprising that directors, not to mention parents, are concerned. For parents, a child's illness often means medical expenses, a day (or more) of lost wages, or the extra expense of hiring an in-home caregiver or placing their child in a facility specializing in the care of children with acute, self-limited illness or injury. For directors, although they generally do not refund tuition for a child's sick days, a reputation for unusually high illness rates or even strict infection control policies could mean the loss of potential customers. These are powerful incentives for both directors and parents to try to reduce the impact of infectious disease on the individual child and on the child care center. Americans are hooked on medication, and antibiotics are a case in point. There are communicable diseases that occur among children in child care for which requiring antibiotic treatment is appropriate. For example, children with impetigo or streptococcal pharyngitis should be excluded until 24 hours after initiation of antibiotic treatment. It is understandable that parents and providers would extrapolate from this example to other infectious diseases. Yet most infections acquired in child care are due to viruses, making antibiotic treatment worse than futile, adding both to medical care costs and the real risk of selection of antibiotic-resistant organisms. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) explicitly states that the following conditions do not necessitate exclusion: nonpustular rash without fever and behavioral change, conjunctivitis without fever and behavioral change, and carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, they do not include viral upper respiratory infections in their list of exclusions. The best way to deal with infectious disease in child care is to prevent it with immunization. A good example of a recently introduced vaccine that has resulted in measurable reduction in illness rates among children in out-of-home child care is varicella, for which exposure to child care had been a risk. There is hope that immunization against rotavirus will reduce the risk of child care–acquired diarrhea due to rotavirus, the leading cause of infectious diarrhea in child care. In addition, general practices that have been validated to reduce infection transmission should be used, such as appropriate hand hygiene, proper environmental cleaning/disinfection of diaper-changing surfaces and toys, and safe food preparation. Nevertheless, increased risk of infectious disease among children in out-of-home child care will continue to be a problem for the foreseeable future. The recommendation made by M'ikanatha et al for more education of parents, child care providers, and healthcare providers is very reasonable, and mechanisms exist for offering such education. For example, the joint publication of the AAP, the American Public Health Association, and the National Resource Center for Health and Safety in Child Care (2002) includes recommendations for exclusion from and readmission to child care for children with infectious disease. The National Training Institute for Child Care Health Consultants (CCHCs) at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (http://nti.unc.edu) has trained more than 400 child health professionals, predominantly nurses, who in turn have trained more than 4,000 CCHCs in 50 states to provide health and safety training, continuing education, consultation, and technical assistance to both centerbased and home-based group child care providers. Similarly, the AAP's Healthy Child Care America Campaign (http:// www.healthychildcare.org/index.html) provides education and support to pediatricians and other healthcare providers


T91 steel pipes were joined by transient liquid-phase(TLP) bonding process.Microstructure evolution during TLP bonding of T91 steel tube was investigated.In order to evaluate mechanical property of the joint,the tensile strength test was carried out at room temperature.The testing results show that the pressure helps exclude redundant connections in the middle layer,the protective gas helps middle layer liquid purification under dual-temperature process conditions,the protection of air pressure is 0.3 MPa,the good quality joints can be obtained under the pressure of 6 MPa.


Skills in using information technology are an important requirement in this era. For this reason, it is necessary to prepare guidance and counseling students to have adequate skills in using various information technology applications. These skills are needed to meet students' needs according to technological developments. This research aims to test the feasibility of the developed module. This research belongs to the type of development research which was developed using the Borg & Gall model. The subjects involved in this study were media design experts and material experts. The data collection in the study was carried out using observation, interview, and questionnaire methods, with research instruments in the form of design expert validation questionnaires, material expert validation questionnaires, and guidance and counseling student response questionnaires. The data obtained in the study were then analyzed using the percentage formula. The research analysis showed that the design expert obtained 92.2% in the validation test, which was in the very valid category. The results of the material analysis validation expert, with a percentage of 94.4%, were in the very valid category, and the results of the analysis of student responses, with a percentage of 98 %, are also in the very valid category. Based on these results, the information technology course module in guidance and counseling that was developed is in the valid category and is very feasible to develop.


Emperor Wen and Yang took different attitude to literature, therefore they affected literary aesthetic differently. Emperor Wen prevented the development of literary aesthetics, while Emperor Yang nourished by southern literary and aesthetic environment, melting them into resplendence, promoted development of Sui Dynasty literary aesthetics. Long time separation Of North and South Dynasty formed different culture and aesthetic, south gorgeous and north plain which reflected the geographic different. The unification of two districts created condition of interchanging and melting between south and north literature and aesthetics.


Residues greater than 1.5 inch diameter and greater than 4 ft long were estimated 6 year after selection felling that removed 45% of the coniferous b.a. of a second-growth redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) stand in Jackson Demostration State Forest, California. Logging was done by a cable system, producing 844 cu ft residue per acre or by tracted or wheeled tractords, producing 554 cu ft residue per acre. Salvaging the small residual volume would be uneconomic at present.


The goal of this study is to develop a mechanical system that can display elastic characteristic of an object aiming at the application in the field of virtual reality. Pneumatic parallel manipulator is introduced as a driving mechanism, which, consequently, brings capability of minute force displaying property owing to the air compressibility. Compliance displaying scheme based on the contact force and contact point detection is proposed. The validity of the proposed scheme is verified experimentally.


This study is an assessment on the effect of budgetary control on return on assets and net profit of government-owned companies in rivers state. Descriptive survey research design was used for this study. Questionnaires were administered to the organizations under investigation. Pearson product moment correlation coefficient and frequency tables were used to analyse the returned data. Statistical package for social sciences version 20 was utilized to test the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. The study reveals positive significant relationship between budgetary control and financial performance of government-owned companies in Rivers state on the basis of net profit and returns on assets. Based on the findings, the study concludes that budgetary control system can be used as a control mechanism to strengthen performance measurement systems. Organizations should put in place appropriate budgetary control systems which will assist in accomplishing a principle and element of the budget process. The study therefore recommends that for improved performance in these companies, GOCs should continue to adopt improved budgetary control measures in totality.


One of the development activities for inmates is the provision of medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation for drug offenders. Implementation of medical and social rehabilitation for drug offenders at Class II B Gunung Sugih Prison in accordance with Director General of Prisons Order No. PAS-36.OT.02.02 of 2020 about Correctional Service Standards is the focus of this research. This study examines the adoption of medical and social rehabilitation programs for drug offenders. What obstacles impede the implementation of medical and social rehabilitation programs for drug offenders? This study employs a normative and empirical legal methodology. The findings indicate: The execution of medical and social rehabilitation for drug convicts begins with an assessment of the client's concerns so that medical and social rehabilitation can be applied promptly. Acceptance occurs after determining the nature of the client's problem, as well as his or her physical, psychological, social psychological, and level of expertise, while simultaneously assigning the client to several sorts of programs. The purpose of social and skill mentoring is to improve client interaction patterns, preserve emotional stability, build a sense of responsibility and discipline, and foster the desire to become a better individual. Insufficient medical equipment and infrastructure of buildings and special rooms prevent medical and social rehabilitation from taking place. There are drug users in prison who suffer from serious diseases and a lack of family support.


Three experiments examined the relevance of vowel-initial glottalization in the perception of vowel contrasts in American English, in light of the claimed prominence-marking function of glottalization in word-initial vowels. Experiment 1 showed that the presence of a preceding glottal stop leads listeners to re-calibrate their perception of a vowel contrast in line with the prominence-driven modulation of vowel formants. Experiment 2 manipulated cues to glottalization along a continuum and found that subtler cues generate the same effect, with bigger perceptual shifts as glottalization cues increase in strength. Experiment 3 examined the timecourse of this effect in a visual world eyetracking task, finding a rapid influence of glottalization which is simultaneous with the influence of formant cues in online processing. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of phonetically detailed prominence marking in speech perception, and implications for models of processing which consider segmental and prosodic information jointly


Strategies of environmental organisations in the Netherlands regarding the ozone depletion problem have been analysed both at the cognitive level and at the operational level. The first objective of this analysis was to describe their strategies over a period of time. Secondly, it aimed to increase understanding of the linkage between cognitive and operational aspects of the strategies. The third objective was to find out to what extent strategies are constant features of an organisation and how far they are defined by particular problems. The results indicate that each of the organisations concerned with the ozone depletion problem adopted several different strategies, that the strategies of the organisations did not change much over time, and that there was no one-to-one linking of different aspects of the strategy of the organisations. Strategies seem largely to be defined by the problem encountered.


This paper expounds the main problems existing in the harmonious lighting of Taiyuan City,and advances some concrete countermeasures for constructing the harmonious lighting of Taiyuan City.


where Ah is the area of the horizon. In this context, the classical Liouville theory [4] has gained considerable importance owing to the work of Solodukhin [5]. He showed that the computation of the black hole entropy can be carried out at the classical level. He observed that the 4-dimensional Einstein-Hilbert action can be reduced to an effective 2-dimensional theory, with fixed boundary conditions on the horizon, by performing a dimensional reduction with the ansatz of spherical symmetry and writing the metric in conformally flat form. This action can then be transformed to a form similar to the classical Liouville theory which in turn admits a Virasoro algebra near the horizon with a nontrivial classical central charge. The computation of this central charge then allows to determine the black hole entropy from the Cardy formula [6]. This approach was then used to study thermodynamic properties of black hole with a bifurcate killing horizon [7]. However, it is a well known fact from general field theoretic considerations [8, 9] that a central charge is related to diffeomorphism anomaly manifested as a nonconservation of the energy-momentum tensor. This relation is discussed from quantum considerations. The central charge and the diffeomorphism anomaly reveal different manifestations of the same phenomenon – a breakdown of classical symmetry upon the process of quantisation. Since the central charge is obtained [5, 7] in a classical Liouville theory, a natural question that arises is whether, in such a theory, there is a diffeomorphism anomaly. The principal objective of this paper is to show that this is indeed true. In this paper, we show explicitly that if we consider terms in the expansion of the metric, near the horizon, beyond leading order, then it leads to a diffeomorphism anomaly which is compatible with the fact that the theory has a nontrivial classical central charge. The computation of this anomaly has in fact been done to all orders. To begin with, we consider a four-dimensional spherically symmetric metric of the form


Debbie Smith of BRE Fire and Security and Geoff Deakin of warringtonfire report on tests on 15 water based intumescent fire protection products available on the UK market.


The development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is an important national strategy,and is also a major oppor-tunity to accelerate the economic development of Jiangxi province.Jiangxi province should dock the strategic positioning of thenational Yangtze River Economic Belt,draw lessons from other provinces,combine with its own regional characteristics,development priorities and comparative advantages,and endeavor to build the junction of the east and the west of the strate-gic hinterland,the upgrading demonstration zone in the Yangtze River Economic Belt,the ecological security barrier in themiddle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the state-level ecological demonstration area.Therefore,Jiangxi provinceshould make "the first three good moves"of planning,transportation and development priority to Nanchang-Jiujiang,focuson three docking points of the development of city group,industrial and ecological construction,innovate three open plat-form,and further enhance its position and function in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the overall development of thecountry.


The interfacial activity of dialkylphosphoric acids (DAPA) of various structures in adsorption from n-dodecane on an interface with aqueous solutions of HNO/sub 3/ was studied. It was shown that the interfacial activity of DAPA molecules is somewhat greater than for the trialkyl phosphates corresponding to them, while an increase in the acidity of the aqueous phase leads to a decrease in it. Increasing the length of the hydrocarbon chains in DAPA molecules leads to a certain increase in their interfacial tension at an interface with aqueous solutions of HNO/sub 3/. It was found that the rates of stratification of the phases in the systems studied increase with increasing interfacial tension. DAPA present as impurities in a 30% solution of the corresponding trialkyl phosphate in n-dodecane, in the concentration range studied up to 15 g/liter, have no appreciable influence on the interfacial tension and the rate of stratification of the organic phase of the indicated composition with aqueous solutions of HNO/sub 3/.


Commercial vehicle inspections are conducted by state enforcement personnel under the Motor Carrier Safety Assistance Program (MCSAP) for the purpose of removing defective trucks from the road. Vehicles passing a North American Standard Inspection - Level I receive a CVSAA (Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance) decal, valid for a period of three months. Vehicles with decals are generally excluded from further inspections during this period on the presumption that they are less likely to have an out-of-service (O/S) violation. The objectives of this study were to find information to determine whether vehicles operating under a valid decal are less likely to have O/S violations, and to quantify the probabilities of violations as a basis for evaluating the appropriateness of the 3-month period of validity.


Simultaneous pancreas–kidney transplantation (SPKT) replaces kidney function and restores endogenous insulin secretion in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). Here, we aimed to identify circulating long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are associated with DN and vascular injury in the context of SPKT. Based on a pilot study and a literature‐based selection of vascular injury–related lncRNAs, we assessed 9 candidate lncRNAs in plasma samples of patients with diabetes mellitus with a kidney function >35 mL/min/1.73 m2 (DM; n = 12), DN (n = 14), SPKT (n = 35), healthy controls (n = 15), and renal transplant recipients (KTx; n = 13). DN patients were also studied longitudinally before and 1, 6, and 12 months after SPKT. Of 9 selected lncRNAs, we found MALAT1, LIPCAR, and LNC‐EPHA6 to be higher in DN compared with healthy controls. SPKT caused MALAT1, LIPCAR, and LNC‐EPHA6 to normalize to levels of healthy controls, which was confirmed in the longitudinal study. In addition, we observed a strong association between MALAT1, LNC‐EPHA6, and LIPCAR and vascular injury marker soluble thrombomodulin and a subset of angiogenic microRNAs (miR‐27a, miR‐130b, miR‐152, and miR‐340). We conclude that specific circulating lncRNAs associate with DN‐related vascular injury and normalize after SPKT, suggesting that lncRNAs may provide a promising novel monitoring strategy for vascular integrity in the context of SPKT.


The purpose of the article is to analyze the scenic path of the romantic ballet "The Great Waltz" directed by Mykola Trehubov. Methodology . The historical, historiographic and analytical approaches are applied. Scientific novelty . The article, for the first time, made a detailed analysis of the sсеnic life of "The Great Waltz" performance staged by M. Trehubov in various ballet theatres of the USSR. Conclusions . In 1957, the famous choreographer M. Trehubov, together with the conductor of Lviv Opera, S. Arbit, staged The Great Waltz ballet to the music of J. Strauss, which plot was based on real moments in the biography of the Viennese composer. M. Trehubov originally unveiled the topic: all the dances, staging scenes were organically connected with the theme of the performance and better characterized the characters. Observers praised the diverse choreographic language of the ballet, consisting of duets, trios, individual variations, and mass dances. Critics noted the subtlety of M. Trehubov's taste, his excellent ability to build choreographic dialogues and convey complex human feelings in the language of dance. The performance was distinguished by a strict logical relationship between the characters, which were embodied on the stage by the leading dancers of the ballet theatres. High-quality musical and artistic design aroused the warm approval of the audience and contributed to maintaining the pace of development of the action. Observers attributed mass dances to the shortcomings of the performance. The choreographer was also advised to modify the third act of the performance. The significant popularity of the work is evidenced by its repeated productions on various stages of the USSR (Odessa, Donetsk, Dushanbe, etc.). Creatively active Ukrainian groups continue to experiment with Strauss music today. Despite the materials found, the productions of "The Great Waltz" ballet outside Ukraine and its updating in the repertoire of the Lviv Opera House (1981) are of scientific interest.


This paper was written in the winter of 2014 for Dr. Ray Silvius' "Introduction to Global Politics" class in the Department of Political Science.


In cancer, tumoral and peritumoral environmental conditions are controlled mostly by the unusual metabolism of malignant cells. For example, tumors typically demand much more phosphorus (P) than normal tissue does, primarily because tumor cells upregulate ribosome biogenesis. Here I use mathematical models to show that this unusual demand for P can lead to a hypertumor, which is a region of highly aggressive cells growing parasitically on the original tumor that can kill all or part of it. Previous work has suggested that hypertumors may develop when a tumor is invaded by an aggressive cell type that fails to secrete angiogenesis factors. In this talk I introduce an entirely different mechanism of hypertumor development. In this case, the aggressive strain upregulates phosphate transporters, leading to increased growth potential, which allows tumor cells to outpace growing blood vessels. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The first part of this lecture intends to deal with the destroying factors causing the increasingly rapid impairment of our built environment and especially of our most valuable buildings, the architectural monuments, based on most recent international information.


This paper exploits the problem of inventory control of supply chain. The main contribution of the paper is that production systems of supply chain are modeled as network control systems and the inventory control problem is formulated as a network H∞ control problem. A H∞ controller that stabilizes the production systems and at the same time rejects the external demand fluctuation. It is designed in this paper using H∞ control theory. The sufficient condition is given as a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) based on free weighted matrix and Lyapunov stability theory. The numerical example is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Decentralized or distributed generation (DG) plays an increasing role in the liberalized electricity market. Furthermore, by making use of renewable resources, it may contribute to reduce greenhouse gases. DG can have a significant impact on the power flow, voltage profile, voltage stability and the power quality for both customers and electricity suppliers. Therefore, its introduction requires a suitable tool to analyze the influence of such technologies on the distribution system. In this paper, models of distribution systems with considerable DG penetration are discussed. Then, the power quality and voltage stability impacts of DG units on the distribution system are studied with several such technologies under different load conditions.


IOs of the external memory are still the key fact or to the performance of IO-intensive applications. Based on the systematical ana lysis of I/O-optimized scheduling policies and their requirement to characteris tics parameters of disk, this paper introduces a set of I/O-scheduler-oriented disk characteristics extracting methods. These methods have been proved efficie nt and introduced into the implementing of Traxtents-Cello scheduler.


A study was conducted on 172 respondents who resided in Kota Kinabalu to determine whether demographic variables can influence financial decision making. Descriptive analysis as well as multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that (1) men were more risk takers than women; (2) younger individuals were more risk takers than older individuals; (3) single individuals were more risk takers than married individuals; and (4) people with greater income level were more risk takers than people with lower income level. These findings provide further confirmation on some previous findings and were essential to the personal financial planning industry. Based on these findings, financial planners should provide female clients, older individuals, people who were married as well as those with lower income level with appropriate financial tools and financial plans that were less risky compare to male clients, younger individuals, people who were single and those with higher income level. Education, number of financially dependent and occupation does not help financial planners in differentiating financial risk tolerance of their clients. Problem Statement Risk tolerance is closely related to behavioral financing. It shows the willingness of the investors to accept the decline in the price of financial assets while waiting for them to increase in value. Identifying the financial risk tolerance in the region like BIM-EAGA can help to determine the risk tolerance if financial and economic crisis take place. With the knowledge provided by the study on security risk and instability as well as the estimation of the people's behavior in the region, new suppliers and customers can be selected. The financial risk behavior in one location cannot be generalized in other location. This is because each country and region will have different institutional settings, macroeconomic conditions. By classifying the respondents according to the region such as BIM-EAGA, we would be able to identify the financial behavior of the respondents based on cluster and design an appropriate financial plan that can mobilize their savings. According to Grable (1997), the use of demographics to categorize investors into different levels of risk tolerance has received consensus from researchers and investment managers. Nonetheless, most of the studies were conducted in Western countries. According to Badunenko, Barasinska and Schafer (2009), the findings obtained for one location should not be generalized


A Military Satellite Communication (MILSATCOM) modem is described in this paper featuring waveforms offering either high data rate or highly resilient communications and an intermediate capability with medium data rate and resilience. This modem is Europe's first production Software Defined Radio (SDR) implementation for MILSATCOM and is based on the JTRS' Software Communications Architecture (SCA), version 2.2. This modem is known as the Paradigm Modem (PM) and is the UK's Electronic Protection Measure (EPM) modem specifically developed for use on the Skynet 5 system, which provides MILSATCOM services to UK and NATO armed forces. Some features of the PM are described with association to capabilities of the SCA. The evolving waveform suites for MILSATCOM SDR will envelope state-of-the-art commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) waveforms including DVB-S2 and WiMax. The selection of waveform based on scenario (trunk versus tactical) and prevailing channel conditions will be essential to maximising capability within existing SHF resources. It is envisaged that such systems, based on flexible platforms and provisioned by a robust waveform suite in conjunction with an adaptable antenna will allow maximal MILSATCOM diversity.


We consider a 2D problem for an infinite body with a cylindrical cavity formed of a thermoelastic substance. The body is under the action of a nonsolenoidal body force. The theory used is that of Generalized Thermoelasticity. The surface is assumed to be traction free and subjected to an asymmetrical thermal shock. Laplace transform is used. The inversion process is carried out numerically. All the relevant functions are represented graphically.


Investigations were made on the behavioral response of the namazu Parasilurus a otusnocturnal and carnivorous-to living prey (fish) or to weak electric fields generated by different sources. The results are as follows. 1. The namazu could catch prey in darkness without fail. 2. When the blinded namaau happened to come within a distance of s cm or less, it made a sudden, accurate tum to the prey and then swallowed the prey with a very swift motion. 3. The blinded namazu showed positive taxis to a weak, local electric field, and even attacked the electrodes reproducing an electric field which had been recQrded on a magnetic tape from near a prey. 4. Six blinded namazu were given choice between two cubes of carp muscle. One of the cubes was attached with electrodes reproducing the dummy electric field. They preferred the cube with electrodes tothe one without (p<0.05, X2-test). 5. Apparently, the namazu, exploring for food along the density gradient of the odor and at least getting into the azea where the electric field around the prey can be perceptible, will locate the prey accurately b means of its electric sense.


Reading the 'virginité and chastité' of Galahad in Malory's Morte Darthur as asexuality, a subjectivity defined by lack of sexual desire, reveals a logic at work in the text that rejects a futurity based on desire and heterosexual reproduction.


We estimate the CIMS sensitivity for the hydroxyhydroperoxides (ISOPOOH) and hydroperoxyaldehydes (HPALD) from the ion-molecule collision rate, calculated using the parameterization of Su and Chesnavich [1]. This requires knowledge of the average dipole moment and polarizibility of the neutral species. We obtain these parameters for the species of interest from ab initio calulations. For accurate results, all conformers with significant populations at the temperature of interest must be considered. We calculate conformerspecific dipoles for all conformers with a relative population of >1% at T=298K, as estimated from a Boltzman weighting to the conformer energies. The conformer-specific dipoles, weighted by their relative population, are averaged to yield the overall dipole moment for the species of interest. This methodology has been described in more detail by Garden et al. [2]. Table S1 lists the isomer-specific average dipole moments and polarizibilities for the four important ISOPOOH isomers and both


Background: Physical therapists (PTs) are consulted to address functional deficits during hospitalization, but the effect of PT visit frequency on patients' outcomes is not clear. Objective: The objective of this study was to examine whether PT visit frequency is independently associated with functional improvement, discharge home, and both outcomes combined. Research Design: This was a retrospective cohort study. Subjects: Patients discharged from hospitals in 1 health system between 2017 and 2020, stratified by diagnostic subgroup: cardiothoracic and vascular, general medical/surgical, neurological, oncology, and orthopedic. Measures: PT visit frequency was categorized as ≤2, >2–4, >4–7, >7 visits/week. Functional improvement was defined as ≥5-point improvement in Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care mobility score. Other outcomes were discharge home and both outcomes combined. Results: There were 243,779 patients included. Proportions within frequency categories ranged from 11.0% (>7 visits/wk) to 40.5% (≤2 visits/wk) and varied by subgroup. In the full sample, 36% of patients improved function, 64% were discharged home, and 27% achieved both outcomes. In adjusted analyses, relative to ≤2 visits/week, the adjusted relative risk (aRR) for functional improvement increased incrementally with higher frequency (aRR=1.20, 95% confidence interval: 1.14–1.26 for >2–4 visits to aRR=1.78, 95% confidence interval: 1.55–2.03 for >7 visits). For all patients and within subgroups, the higher frequency was also associated with a greater likelihood of discharging home and achieving both outcomes. Conclusions: More frequent PT visits during hospitalization may facilitate functional improvement and discharge home. Most patients, however, receive infrequent visits. Further research is needed to determine the optimal delivery of PT services to meet individual patient needs.


Objective To study the prevalence status of metabolic syndrome(MS) in Yinchuan.Methods A questionnaire investigation and medical examination were conducted among subjects.The levels of fasting plasma glucose(FPG),triglyceride(TG) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) were determined.All clinical data were compared and analysis.Results The prevalence rate of hypertension,higher of TG,lower of HDL-C,higher of FPG,overweight or obesity were 23.57%,27.55%,19.25%,9.08% and 25.04%,respectively.There were 66.65% subjects with different degrees of metabolic abnormity.The prevalence rate of MS was 17.26%.The proportion of subjects with two to more than two kinds of metabolic abnormity increased among aged people.Conclusion There are higher prevalence rates of metabolic abnormity in Yinchuan occupation populations.It is important that early screening to find out the high-risk MS groups and timely intervention on life style.


Abstract: This study highlights the importance of Modern Street light control systems over traditional ones, with LED lamps emerging as the most suitable choice due to their advantagessuch as reduced heat production, lower electricity consumption, and extended lifespan. The main goal is to enhance system efficiency by minimizing unnecessary electricity loss during daylight and when lighting is not required. Automating street lights using LDR and PIR sensorsin conjunction with Arduino Uno offers a costeffective and secure solution, eliminating the drawbacks of manual switching and simplifying cost reduction and maintenance. Additionally,applying a ZnO coating to the street light casings provides effective protection against dust and moisture, resulting in efficient lighting. The process involves sol-gel deposition of ZnO nanoparticles on silica glass substrates, followed by preannealing and repeated dip coating. Annealing at temperatures between 450°C and 600°C further improves the results. The uniformand defect-free coatings are confirmed by SEM images, while transmission spectra reveal over80% penetration of visible light (400 nm to 900 nm). Lower precursor concentrations lead to better penetration of light below 300 nm wavelength.


A method is presented to classify the percent intramuscular fat (%IMF) for beef cattle using ultrasound imaging. As the images captured tend to include a significant amount of noise a noise reduction algorithmwas used. The effectiveness of using filtered images to calculate texture measures for the classification and prediction of the %IMF is compared to the effectiveness of using unfiltered images.


Background Infants are often subjected to painful procedures such as diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus (DTP) immunization. Despite its negative effects, pain in infants has not got enough attention. Sweet oral solution has analgesic effect. Objective To determine whether oral sugar solution can reduce the duration of crying in infants who got DTP immunization. Methods This was a randomized, double-blind controlled trial performed at Growth and Development Clinic of Dr. Sardjito General Hospital and two Primary Health Centers in Yogyakarta. Study subjects were 4-6 month-old infants who got the 3 rd DTP immunization. Subjects were randomly allocated to receive 2 ml 75% oral sugar solution (intervention group) or 2 ml drinking water (placebo) just before the immunization. Crying was recorded from just before the injection until 3 minutes after. Results Eighty-six subjects were enrolled; 42 subjects received sugar solution and 44 subjects received placebo. Sugar solution reduced the median duration of first cry about 38 seconds or 32% (P=0.03) and reduced the median duration of total crying about 35 seconds or 24% (P=0.02). Conclusion Administration of 2 ml 75% oral sugar solution can alleviate pain associated with DTP immunization as shown by reduced duration of crying.


The policy agenda setting of bioethics in Korea started with the birth of cloned animal Dolly. The public agenda for opposition to human-cloning was shaped under the movement of NGOs. But the formulation of policy agenda began with the governmental part. There were five attempts to legislate for bioethics from the National Assembly and the Executive Branch from 1977 to 2001. Three members of the National Assembly during three years, the Ministry of Health and Welfare(MOHW) and the Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST) during two years were the major actors for the agenda setting. However, all of the attempts failed in legislation. This paper focuses on the question: what were the main factors leading the actors to legislation for bioethics in Korea? To answer these questions systemically, this paper draws on the concept of policy networks developed by Rhodes & Marsh. According to the model of Rhodes & Marsh, there are four dimensions(membership, intergration, resources, power) distinguishing the two types of policy networks: policy community and issue network. This model is a very useful tool for understanding policy making bioethics agenda in Korea. The typology of policy network started with policy community model. The number of participants were very limited in 1998: National Assembly, MOST, and scientists. They shared two basic values, that is, the improvement of biotechnology is more important than bioehtics, and more scientists have to participate in policy agenda setting process. The NGOs were consciously excluded in policy community. However the policy network was changed later. In 2001 issue network as well as policy community appeared simultaneously. MOHW, NGO, and mass media newly entered on the stage of policy agenda setting as powerful actors.


Pore structure in concrete gives router for the transport of harmful substance from outside into concrete, which deduce deterioration of concrete or corrosion of steel reinforcement. Therefore, it plays an important role of characterization of pore structure in durability prediction of concrete. Proper physical computer simulation approach, like concurrent algorithm-based systems, renders an economic alternative for material character and properties prediction instead of time-consuming experimental investigation. In this paper, different level of pore structure characterization approaches has been investigated. Furthermore, the applicability of two concurrent algorithm-based simulation systems, i.e. SPACE and HADES, in pore structure assessment of concrete is analyzed. A method coupled micro-level and meso-level of pore structure characterization in model concrete is revealed. Both successful application results examples and future work will be discussed in this paper.


AbstractTo enhance the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the clinical assessment of wrist joint pathology, we correlated findings from consecutive MRIs of cadaver wrists with findings from gross histologic sections of these wrists, using the sections as the standard of reference. The study required a sectioning technique that allowed preparation of large-scale sections closely matching corresponding MRIs in size and sectioning plane. We adapted a large-scale cryosectioning technique for undecalcified bone, previously described in the literature, to our study of 16 formalin fixed cadaver wrists. After subjecting each wrist to MR imaging with a wrist coil, we cryosectioned the entire wrist joint, from the distal ulna and radius to the proximal metacarpals, in the frontal plane, which corresponded to the MR images. The cryostat's tissue stage was mounted on a ball and socket-like joint that allowed corrections of the sectioning plane, enabling us to obtain sections in a plane closely resembli...


Free-space optical (FSO) links are contemplated as a potential paradigm to yield efficient point-to-point communication in wireless systems. Notably, these links are used to provide the proficient wireless connectivity between the radio frequency (RF) wireless network and the fiber optic-based network. To this end, more attention has been paid to mixed FSO-RF systems where single-hop FSO transmission and single-hop RF transmission configuration is used. In this paper, we propose a mixed FSO-RF dual-hop simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) relaying system in the presence of power amplifier (PA). It is assumed that FSO links suffer from Málaga (M)-turbulence with pointing errors and RF links experience the double shadowed Rician fading. Particularly, the physical layer security is analyzed by deriving the closed-form expressions for secrecy metrics such as secure outage probability, strictly positive secrecy capacity, and secrecy throughput. We consider the three scenarios: 1) FSO-side eavesdropping attack 2) RF-side eavesdropping attack 3) Simultaneous FSO- and RF-side eavesdropping attacks. The asymptotic approximations for the final results are also derived to obtain secrecy diversity order. The effect of SWIPT parameters and PA efficiency on the secrecy performance are then further investigated in detail. In summary, the results show that the reliability and security of the proposed system can be enhanced by utilizing efficient PAs at the RF front end depending on the eavesdropper's location and can also be controlled by the SWIPT parameters.


In the research was evaluated the light and the humidity influence in the physical and chemistry stability of the powdered solids of the plant, being elaborated and characterized technologically the granulates obtained starting from these powdered solids. The High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used in the determination of the components of the main active ingredient of the plant (parthenin) during the evaluation of the light and the humidity influence. The granulates were elaborated by humid way and were characterized by means of the following assay: Apparent density (method of the test tubes), real density (method of the pycnometer), porosity (Martin equation), angle of rest (for trigonometry), speed of flow (flow evaluation through a hole) and residual humidity (infrared balance). The light and the humidity are factors that affect the powdered solids stability, according to the chemical evaluation carried out. The granulate elaborated with the powdered solids to 30% and the Eudragit L to 20% as agglutinative agent, is the granulate that better advantages offer to be used as a solid pharmaceutical form of oral dosage. As result novel of the investigation, the obtaining of an oral dosage form of antiparasitic use is achieved, characterized technologically and evaluated from the physical - chemical point of view. Palabras claves: partenina, cromatografia liquida de alta eficacia (CLAE), antiparasitaria, Eudragit L.


Markov random field (MRF) model is a powerful tool to model image characteristics accurately and has been successfully applied to a large number of image processing applications. This paper investigates the problem of image fusion based on MRF models. A fusion algorithm under the maximum a posteriori (MAP) criterion is developed under this model. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate the improvement of fusion performance by our algorithm.


Digital modulation based on FSK is widely used in HF data communication. This is due to simplicity in implementation by noncoherent detection and robustness due noise and phase synchronization error. Hardware based design using FPGA can reduced system size. The proposed modulation integrates both the transmitter and receiver modules into a single FPGA. Further reduction in components is achieved by adopting a multiplierless and parallel algorithm at the receiver module. This is proven by comparing with conventional noncoherent detection algorithm.


In this paper we discuss the need to consider Crosstalk and Process Variation effects for test power reduction during Launch-on-Capture scheme for at-speed delay test. We show that consideration of these effects can have significant effect on capture power reduction technique. This effect is a manifestation of increased IR drops in the presence of crosstalk and process variation. Thus both these factors should be taken into account during the design as well as the test phase of nanometer technologies. Our experimental results on two significantly sized industrial designs in 28nm show that when these effects are considered the number of high capture power patterns selected for post-processing are impacted by 13% and 30% respectively. Thus not considering these effects might lead to some high power consuming patterns left untouched or over processing of the patterns.


Universities keep history, and not just in their libraries and academic studies. They hold convocations and seminars that resonate, in some ways at least, with ancient tradition. Faculty gowns carry history around visibly, if not always intelligibly to all onlookers. Students sometimes graduate magna cum laude or summa cum laude. On most days on most campuses, we live in a thick texture of held history. However, universities do not always succeed in holding the domestic particulars of history. Archives may be full, but they will not always tell the daily life of a campus or the daily works, quirks, and identities of faculty, students, staff members, and administrators. I may, before I'm done, come to remember that the surrender of daily significance is inevitable and appropriate, but I want first to explore what it means to remark that universities are sometimes remarkably inattentive in keeping the domestic particulars of history, including ourselves. Universities sometimes don't keep us while we're present, and when we're gone, we're gone. The nice ceremonial histories that are published, say, when universities hold centennial celebrations won't tell us much. If we look for ourselves among those histories, we won't be there. Long before the ceremonial histories are written, we learn that we are replaceable, and perhaps insignificant sub specie aeternitatis. The circumstance of inattention can be as brutal as tyranny, though usually there is no single tyrant to blame. I know that where there is error, fault, omission -- or inattention -- in a university, it belongs as much to me as to another, as much to the next person as to either of us. A university is always a joint endeavor, and is always a little like other universities, so that what happens in one is likely, I think, to evoke memories of similar situations elsewhere. What festers in me, I expect, festers in other, though we're sometimes too polite with others and too gentle with ourselves to name our problems in specific ways. Besides, to do so would be to violate certain -- you should pardon the expression -- "gentlemen's agreements" about what we can or can't discuss publicly. Salaries and workloads and administrative foolishness are standard topics for public discussion; we have decided against others, I suppose, as unseemly for conversation. But the truth is that we want and need notice, though many of us are not especially good at paying attention to others, and many of us were bred in traditions that taught us not to call attention to ourselves. If one seeks notice because it is not given, that is unmannerly and indecent, but without notice, we sometimes lose such verve and vision as we might have had and sink into passivity. Except for the wonderful few who appear to be made of oak and granite and do not need it, notice is identity. Without notice, there is no identity. Failure to pay attention, to give notice, breeds a peculiar tyranny to which we all succumb some of the time, even though there is seldom a specific person who is solely and clearly responsible. This peculiar, thoughtless tyranny occurs, oftener by inadvertence than by design, in institutions that make people try to call attention to themselves and fail because the institutions won't give them notice. I call this condition tyranny because of the power it has over us: to the extent that we think it indecorous and unseemly to want notice, but do not get notice, we are unworthy, and the more unworthy we are, the more subservient, and the more subservient, the more unworthy. If we don't get notice, we need notice; if we ask for notice, we are unworthy. Because most of us either cannot or will not ask for notice, any notice given probably has to rise naturally in the life and practices of a university. Unfortunately, we cannot not easily give notice to each other where inattention is the rule. Perhaps the particulars that follow, a brief accounting of episodes and practices, will serve to illustrate our general failure to pay attention. …


The developments of the scientific and pedagogical staff of the Department of Engineering Geodesy of the Lviv Polytechnic National University in the direction of increasing the accuracy of geodetic measurements in the construction, operation and repair of unique buildings, structures or separate technological equipment, which is particularly important for their safe operation, are considered. Auxiliary equipment (improved light-reflecting mark, device for linear-angular measurements, spherical reflector with a stand, two-prism transducer-vector) has been developed to increase the accuracy of measurements of parameters of engineering structures by electronic total stations. On the basis of theoretical calculations, an optimal image of the geodetic mark for viewing at different distances is proposed, and a three-dimensional holder is developed to compensate for the non-perpendicular error. A technique was developed and implemented in a device for linear-angular measurements, which made it possible to determine the length of segments from 1 to 30 meters with an accuracy of 0.1-0.3 mm. In order to transfer the coordinates of the geodetic base from the reference network to the measurement points of building structures, a spherical reflector and a stand were developed, in the process of using which errors in centering, reduction and height measurement are compensated. The application of the developed spherical reflector was tested during the restoration of the design position of the large-sized equipment of the power complex facility with an accuracy of 0.5 mm. To determine the dimensions of irregularly shaped structures in order to minimize the angles of the prism (to directly determine the coordinates of the prism tip), a two-prism encoder vector was theoretically justified and developed. The accuracy of determining the spatial coordinates by the vector encoder was investigated using the final measure as a reference value. According to the results of research, the deviation of the distances determined with the help of the vector transducer from the reference value is 0.3 mm.


The method comprises: the SYSLOG (network event log protocol) message to the SYSLOG receiver in order to send an indication message for updating the security transmission; after the receiver receives the indication message, said sender and receiver establishes a security connection in the currently-used transmission layer, and transmits the SYSLOG message using the security transmission connection.


The Gas Characterization System (GCS) design is described for flammable gas monitoring. Tank 241-SY-101 (SY-101) is known to experience periodic tank level increases and decreases during which hydrogen gas is released. It is believed that the generated gases accumulate in the solids-containing layer near the bottom of the tank. Solids and gases are also present in the crust and may be present in the interstitial liquid layer. The accumulation of gases creates a buoyancy that eventually overcomes the density and bonding strength of the bottom layer. When this happens, the gas from the bottom layer is released upward through the liquid layer to the vapor space above the tank crust. Previous monitoring of the vapor space gases during such an event indicates hydrogen release concentrations greater than the lower flammability limit (LFL) of hydrogen in a partial nitrous oxide atmosphere. Tanks 241-AN-105, 241-AW-101, and 241-SY-103 have been identified as having the potential to behave similar to SY-101. These waste tanks have been placed on the flammable gas watch list (FGWL). All waste tanks on the FGWL will have a standard hydrogen monitoring system (SHMS) installed to measure hydrogen. In the event that hydrogen levels exceed 0.75% by volume, additional characterization will be required. The purpose of this additional vapor space characterization is to determine the actual lower flammability limit of these tanks, accurately measure low baseline gas release concentrations, and to determine potential hazards associated with larger Gas Release Events (GREs). The instruments to be installed in the GCS for vapor monitoring will allow accurate analysis of samples from the tank vapor space. It will be possible to detect a wide range of hydrogen from parts per million to percent by volume, as well as other gas species suspected to be generated in waste tanks.


Abstract : The present knowledge regarding random oceanic motion is summarized. For convenience random motion is devided into turbulence, surface waves, and internal waves. The characteristics of these phenomena are examined along with some of the basic assumptions usually made to simplify their study. In particular, the validity of the usual assumptions of isotropy and stationarity are questioned. The difference between field and laboratory results is indicated, and the shortcomings of laboratory studies are emphasized. Experimental results in certain areas are reviewed to show reasonable approximations to presently accepted theory. Energy sources such as the wind and tide are relatively easy to pinpoint, but other sources giving rise to inertial period fluctuations and seiching are somewhat more difficult to explain. The relationship between the amount of energy contained in turbulent flow as compared to that in the mean flow also varies widely. (Modified author abstract)


Abstract : Some sixty-two machining tests were conducted with the test device in a production ECM machine, the results of which were numerically analyzed and compared with the theoretical equations. The theory was modified and computer programs written to analyze the mathematical formulation; test computations were performed to verify their accuracy. A computer program has been written so that the rectilinear equilibrium gap can be predicted. (Modified author abstract)


OBJECTIVE
To identify Lactobacillus sp. strain S1 from the intestine of piglet, and compare the genomic difference between this strain and Lactobacillus sobrius 001T.

METHODS
Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence and species-specific polymerase chain reaction assay were used to identify Lactobacillus sp. strain S1. Representational difference analysis (RDA) was used to compare these two strains.

RESULTS
The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain S1 showed that its closest known species in the GenBank database was L. sobrius. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis showed that the predominant bands in profiles from bacteria in the jejunum and ileum of piglets had the identical migrating position with strain S1. Cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed that this band matched clone (Clone S) was also related closely to L. sobrius. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene showed that homology between strain S1 and Clone S was 99.8%, and that between strain S1 and L. sobrius was 99.6%. Both strains could be detected in 1.2% agarose gel by L. sobrius-specific PCR assay. Recently, RDA has been adapted to study the genomic diversity of bacterial strains. This analysis showed that there was no genomic difference between the two strains.

CONCLUSION
Piglet-derived strain S1 belonged to L. sobrius. Piglet-derived L. sobrius 001T and L. sobrius S1 were the similar strain.


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Railroad 'gate runners' identified by photo surveillance instrumentation were contrasted with a sample of general 'users' of the same grade crossing. The two samples were contrasted in terms of the prior driving histories of the drivers involved. In addition, drivers in the sample of general users were administered a paper and pencil questionnaire addressing drivers' perceptions of the risks associated with grade crossing actions and similar actions at signalized intersections. Risk perception attributes of violators were inferred from relationships identified in the general user sample between driver history data and responses to the risk perception questionnaire. From the driver history data, it was determined that 'violators' were over-represented in the age ranges 16-30 and 31-60. With respect to gender of violators, the male/female ratio in the violator group did not differ from that of the general user population. Possible trends between the probability of grade crossing violations, prior traffic convictions, and prior crashes were identified but could not be substantiated at the level of statistical significance adopted for the present study. In general, the present data suggest that a driver's prior history of violations and crash involvement combined with his or her generalized orientation to the assessment and acceptance of risk may be related to an increased likelihood of 'gate running'. In partial defense of the behavior in question, the report also discusses how the acquisition and maintenance of such behaviors may be linked to inconsistencies between the signals used to warn drivers at grade crossing locations and the presence of the threat with which these signals are intended to be correlated. In the absence of a high degree of signal/threat correlation, signalization loses its effectiveness, especially when a segment of the user population perceives signalization to be 'advisory' as opposed to regulatory in nature and whose behavior may also in part, be motivated by the very risk which most drivers seek to avoid.


Objective:To explore the clinic characteristics and the pathophysiological mechanism of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complicated with aortic dissection (AD). Methods:The clinical data of one case reported by our hospital and 28 cases in the English and Chinese literature during the past 40 years was analyzed retrospectively. Results:Among 29 cases,most were adolescent and middle-aged who receiving long-term steroid therapy along with hypertension. Nineteen cases were diagnosed as Stanford type A acute AD,among which 8 cases underwent surgical intervention,all of them were survived,while 11 cases undergone conservative treatment all died. As for those diagnosed as Stanford type B AD,half (5 cases) were experienced surgery or endovascular stent-graft placement (EVSGP) and 3 of them were survived,while only one case of the other half survived after conservative treatment. Conclusions:Long-term steroid therapy,SLE related hypertension,atherosclerosis may have promoted the development of AD in these patients. The survival rate of operation treatment was obviously higher than that in conservative treatment.


Selected ceramic tribomaterial combinations (SiC/SiC, Si3 N4 /Si3 N4 , h-BN/h-BN) were tested in an AES/XPS analytical tribotester, under ultra-high vacuum, and under partial pressures of gases (O2 , N2 , H2 O, C3 H8 , air), respectively. The main purpose of this work is to clarify the correlations existing between the composition/microstructure of friction-induced interface films and the reduction of friction and wear of ceramics caused by ambient gases. In addition to conventional AES, XPS and SIMS analyses, electron microscopy (both TEM and STEM), Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS), and Extended Electron Fine Structures (EXELFS) were used to characterize the tribochemical reactions on the ceramic suifaces. Under UHV ceramic surfaces exhibit high friction (fk > 0.6) that is associated with friction-induced disorder in the interface material. Adsorbed gases did not "lubricate" these interfaces. Reactive gases (O2 ) formed films in the contact region that provide lubrication and lower friction. Such lubrication was observed with selected, carbon containing systems and was associated with the formation of sp2 -hybridized carbon in the interface films. The wide range of physical and chemical phenomena observed for sliding ceramic contacts and the implications for their use in severe environments will be discussed.


The theme addressed is solid waste management and its impact on the quality of life of the population in Torrone Velho neighborhood, in the municipality of Quelimane city, during the period from 2018 to 2021. The study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the situation of solid waste management in the neighborhood and its impact on the quality of life of the population, through inter-views, questionnaires, and observations. The results indicated the lack of adequate infrastructure for solid waste management, resulting in the accumulation of garbage in streets and public areas, com-promising public health and the environment. Additionally, the lack of environmental education and awareness on the part of the population was also identified as one of the main factors contributing to the problem. As a conclusion, it is necessary to implement public policies aimed at improving sol-id waste management and promoting environmental education among the population, in order to improve the quality of life in the neighborhood. The study methodology used in this research was a qualitative approach, based on semi-structured interviews and field observations. The research was carried out in Torrone Velho neighborhood, located in the municipality of Quelimane city. To de-fine the sample size, Yamane's formula (1970). The calculation resulted in a minimum sample of 98 individuals. However, to increase the precision of the results, it was decided to increase the sample to 100 individuals.


Waste polystyrene containing additives was converted into a polymeric flocculant by a chemical modification. Specifically, waste polystyrene and waste high-impact polystyrene (HI-PS) containing rubber components or a coloring agent were sulfonated to produce a water-soluble polymer whose molecular weight ranged from 400 000 to 700 000. The polymer provides superior purification of the supernatant after flocculating a kaolin suspension than a conventional polymeric flocculant such as a partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (hereafter abbreviate PAA). Moreover, using the polymer and a PAA together provides a higher sedimentation rate and a purer supernatant in the treatment of actual wastewater than using each one separately. A new reclamation technology to convert waste plastic into a functional polymer is reported.


Inferior rock mass may affect a dam foundation.It is significant to determine its mechanical properties for the engineering design and construction.Field and laboratory tests were done on the rock at the basin to study its physical properties and mechanical parameters.The results show it to be of poor quality grade.


SUMMARY

This paper proposes a unified framework for accommodating both time and cross-sectional dependence in modelling technical efficiency in stochastic frontier models by combining the exogenously driven factor-based approach and an endogenous threshold efficiency regime selection mechanism. This approach is able to deal with both weak and strong cross-sectional dependence in a flexible manner. Using a dataset of 26 OECD countries over 1970–2010, we provide satisfactory estimation results for the production technology parameters and the associated efficiency ranking of individual countries. We find a positive spillover effect on efficiency, supporting the hypothesis that knowledge spillover is more likely to be induced by technological proximity. Furthermore, our approach enables us to identify efficiency clubs endogenously.


The invention discloses a trenchless dedicated PE water supply pipe which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 92-100 of metallocene linear low density polyethylene, 3-4 of polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride, 2-3 of nano silica, 2-3 of light calcium carbonate, 0.1-0.2 of ricinoleic acid, 1-2 of tributyl citrate, 0.1-0.2 of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, and 4-5 of a modifying assistant. The produced PE water supply pipe has quite good health property, is safe and environmentally friendly, has non-toxic material, has fouling layers without breeding bacteria, quite well solves the problem of secondary pollution of city drinking water, and also has excellent stretch resistance, tear resistance, corrosion resistance and other properties.


The extreme ultraviolet (EUV), covering a decade in wavelength from about 300 A to about 3000 A, is considered. The general characteristics of the quiet solar atmosphere are reviewed, with emphasis on how the observed emission may be used as a tool to infer this structure. Many of the same techniques are applied to the study of overall properties of active regions.


A 59-year-old man was referred with a preoperative diagnosis of Borrmann type-IV advanced gastric cancer. Diagnosis was made after endoscopic biopsy which showed giant folds and thickened walls with the presence of cancer cells. After total gastrectomy, histological examination revealed an intramucosal early gastric cancer with diffuse cystic malformation resulting in giant folds and increased wall thickness in the stomach. We propose that diffuse cystic malformation is one of the causes of giant folds and wall thickening in the stomach, and that it should be carefully followed because of its close association with malignancy.


The goal of the present work is to investigate the effects the heat exchanger can have on the acoustic response of the flames(flame transfer function) in a boiler. In compact condensing boilers the distance between the burner and heat exchanger is small enough to cause intense interactions. That is why we constructed a simplified CFD model of a boiler to study various cases with different distances between the burner and heat exchanger. Results show that the flame transfer function changes considerably when the flame impinges on the heat exchanger tube. The gain can acquire values above one for low frequencies due to incomplete combustion and the phase can be increased because of flame deformation and stretch. These results help analyze the acoustic behavior of the flames in such situations with more detail.


Hemp based thermal insulation has the potential to reduce CO2 emissions from buildings
and to be 'carbon-negative' in its production and manufacture. Hemp has been in use to produce biobased
natural fibre insulation in the UK in recent years. With further development in hemp agronomy,
production process and selection of raw materials in the production, hemp-based insulation materials
are likely to become environmentally and functionally superior products to other insulation materials
developed from petrochemical and mineral based sources. This paper looks at the research works on
the present and future housing scenario in the UK, reductions in embodied energy of insulation
materials, techniques for increasing thermal performance and ways in which the environmental impact
can be lessened.


Executive summary There has been a substantial amount of interest in N2 inflation of tires over the years. N2 tire inflation is used in the aerospace and racing industries and is beginning to make inroads into the long haul trucking industry. Some of the main benefits of using N2 as an inflation medium are: higher air pressure retention due to lower permeability than O 2 through IIR, NR and SBR compounds (which leads to improved gas mileage); linear volume expansion with temperature because of nitrogen's inherently low water absorption characteristics; and the expected improvement in structural durability due to a significant reduction in rubber oxidation (oxidation caused by air from the cavity being forced into the tire carcass). With the advent and commercialization of polymer membrane separation techniques, N2 generation has become much more affordable and easier to maintain than in the past. This paper will investigate the effect N2 inflation has on the oven aging performance of passenger tires. Results from field aging studies, along with oven aging studies using air and a 50/50 mixture of N2/02 as inflation media, show significant changes in the tire rubber properties with time. When N2 is used as the inflation media, the change in rubber properties is slowed down significantly or even halted.


OBJECTIVE:To investigate the current situation of Paying by disease types pilot project in China,and to provide reference for the further implementation of related policies.METHODS:By literature review(30 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions except Hong Kong,Macao,Taiwan and Tibet),questionnaire survey(9 typical regions),on-site inspection(2 demonstration hospitals) and case study,the current situation of Paying by disease types pilot project in China was analyzed to put forward suggestions.RESULTS CONCLUSIONS:Up to Sept.2010,all provinces but Tibet in mainland of China had put the payment reform into practice.The principle of disease type's selection is as follows:common disease,frequently-occurring disease;definite cause of disease,clear nosogenesis;simple disease without other complication,etc.There isn't uniform and standard disease clinical pathway in most surveyed districts.Paying by disease types decrease the cost of pilot disease types but increase volume of business and improve the doctor-patient relationship.However,there exist law and policy support deficiency,poor cooperation of related department,pilot scope limit and other problems.It is suggested to further improve related law and policies,establish cooperation and coordination mechanism of departments,define pilot scope and strengthen quality supervision system to guarantee the improvement and smooth implementation of related policies.


The diastereomeric mixture of (R)-2-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)-N-(R)-1-(1-phenylethyl) succinimide 11s and (S)-2-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)-N-(R)-1-(1-phenylethyl) succinimide 11a was synthesized by reaction of 2-(carboxymethyl)succinic anhydride 6 with (R)-(α)-methylbenzylamine in dry THF/room temperature/24 hrs. The diastereomeric mixture of 1-[(R)-(α)-Methylbenzylamideformyl)]propane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride 9s and 1-[(R)-(α)-methylbenzylamideformyl)]propane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride 9a was isolated as an intermediate under the reaction conditions. This diastereomeric mixture 9s/9a was also prepared by a different route via reaction of 1-(chloroformyl)propane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anydride 12 with (R)-(α)-methylbenzylamine in the presence of DMA at 0oC for 24 hrs.


ABSTRACT Resection of the superomedial corner of the scapula has traditionally been performed using an open technique. Despite good functional results, the large incision necessary to visualize both the scapula and scapulothoracic bursa often resulted in poor cosmesis in this young patient group. Arthroscopic techniques can be technically demanding, and the lack of bony landmarks can create difficulty in orientation and potential risk for surrounding nerves. The use of a superior (Bell) portal has previously been reported and has been in clinical use without any complications. We describe a safer arthroscopic technique for resection of bone from the superomedial scapular corner using both landmarks from the scapula and landmarks created by using the Bell portal. The risk for iatrogenic nerve damage is greatly reduced if the instruments are not directed beyond the arthroscopic resection target located at the center of the medial scapular border. This is an important improvement in the technique of arthroscopic scapulothoracic surgery.


Objective To investigate the effect of VEGF165cDNA Gene of local transfection on vascular reconstruction after sacculus angioplasty of rats.Methods VEGF165cDNA Gene was prepared and 30 SD rats were randomly divided into the gene group,operation group,and control group,10 for each group.VEGF165cDNA Gene was injected into the tail vein of the gene group while physiological brine into the other two groups.Immuno histochemistry,eletromicroscope and lightscope were applied to observe the changes of femoral artery intima of rats after the sacculus damage and detect the effect of VEGF165cDNA Gene on the damage of local intima.Results 24 hours after the sacculus artery damage,the intima of the gene group was infiltrated with small amount of neutral granule cells,while the intima of the operaton group with more.14 days after sacculus artery damage,the gene group had thinner intima than the operation group(P0.01),and bigger inner diameter(P0.01),with great amount of VEGF165 protein expression.Conclusion Pathological reconstruction is the main factor of stricture after blood vessel damage,while VEGF gene helps to stimulate the proliferation of endothelial cell,accelerate the recovery of the damaged intima,inhibit proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell of the intima and prevent stricture.


PURPOSE: A filled type steel box girder bridge with differential stiffness is provided to extend service life by reducing fatigue load and prevent deformation by preventing local buckling in a steel box. CONSTITUTION: A filled type steel box girder bridge with differential stiffness is constituted as follows. A steel box with differential stiffness is supported by a bridge seat(30) placed on the top of a pier. A pier reinforcement part(41) is formed inside the steel box. The pier reinforcement part is constituted as follows. An outer lower portion of a ceiling finishing plate(411) is welded with a lower flange(403). A channel plate(412) is welded with the inner left portion, the inner right portion, and the inner lower portion of the channel finishing plate, so a U-shaped space(413) is formed. The U-shaped space is filled with filler(C).


The component fatty acids of the phosphoiipids of fresh and light salted cod flesh were determined. d,lring the preparation of iight-salted "Gasp6 cure" codffsh 77% of the PhgtPlglipidic fatty acids "are r"i tt"". The fatty- acids liberated are mainly th9 C2_o and C22 highly uisaturatei. The C, acids have a mean unsaturation of -11.5 H. The Cru saturated and unsaturated acids are also preferentiallv liberated.


The research was intended for analyzing the effectiveness of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) assessment towards critical thinking skills of high school students in Mathematics lesson. The subjects of this study were students XII-IPA class, SMA Negeri 8 Denpasar, the academic in 2017/2018. Sample selection in this study was applied random sampling technique. The research design used was post-test only control group design. The critical thinking of the student's skill was obtained through tests using HOTS assessment. The data were obtained and analyzed using t-test (2-tailed). The analysis results were to show that HOTS assessment could improve student's critical thinking skills in mathematics lesson effectively.


Background: Multiple choice questions (MCQs) are the most common questions in clinical tests. Content validity and appropriate structure of the questions are always outstanding issues for each education system. This study aimed to evaluate the role of providing quantitative and qualitative feedback on the quality of faculty members' MCQs. Methods: This analytical study was conducted on Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences faculty members using the total MCQs test at least two times from 2018 to 2021. The quantitative data, including the validity of the tests, difficulty, and discrimination indices, were collected using a computer algorithm by experts. Results: The second analysis revealed that 14 (27.5%) faculty members had credit scores below 0.4, which was within the acceptable range for the overall validity of the test. The results showed a higher difficulty index in the second feedback than the first (0.46 ± 0.21 vs 0.55 ± 0.21, P = 0.30). No significant difference was found in the discrimination index (0.24 ± 0.1.25 vs 0.24 ± 0.10, P = 0.006). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in terms of taxonomy I (61.29 ± 20.84 vs 59.32 ± 22.11, P = 0.54), II (29.71 ± 17.84 vs 32.76 ± 18.82 P = 0.39), and III (8.50 ± 16.60 vs 7.36 ± 14.48, P = 0 .44) before and after feedback. Conclusions: Based on the results, the questions were not ideal regarding Bloom's taxonomy standards and the difficulty and discrimination indexes. Furthermore, providing feedback alone is not enough, and proper planning by the educational and medical development centers' authorities is required to empower the faculty members in this area.


This paper addresses the problem of predicting the critical parameters that characterize thermal runaway in a stirred-tank batch reactor or a storage tank with wall-cooling. For first-order reactions, four parameters are required for defining criticality. For second-order reactions, a further parameter is necessary (the stoichiometric excess of a reactant). The set of parameters used here are those used by early workers in the field. Runaway and safe conditions are identified based on the pattern of temperature−conversion trajectories near full conversion. The resulting heuristics is useful for establishing runaway boundaries on the N−S parameter plane, using CAPSA, a computer software developed ad hoc for thermal hazard prognosis. The boundaries based on CAPSA successfully predict runaway in five homogeneous and pseudohomogeneous, bench-scale, sensitive reactor systems.