Coal/Oil mixture fuels (COMs), i.e., suspensions of 30% to 50% (by weight) of pulverised black coal in heavy petroleum oil with or without stabilising additives, are not new. These fuels are intended to retain many of the handling, storage, and combustion characteristics of oil while taking advantage of the comparative cheapness of coal, but the economics of their production and use have not been favourable. COMs have, however, now become economically feasible for certain land applications. For marine applications, the economic case has not been proven, but the possibilities for using these fuels are of some interest. The Author outlines the history of coal/oil fuels since the first published reference to them (in an 1879 U.S. patent); tests in Cunard liners during the 1930s are mentioned. The properties, combustion characteristics, production, application, and economics of COMs as boiler fuels are then discussed. The mixtures are inherently unstable, and stability considerations have materially affected proposed production methods. Of the several approaches to this problem, that now favoured is the production of a fairly stable mixture whose homogeneity can be maintained by intermittent mixing or agitation. COM economics for marine applications have not yet been studied in detail, but the Author discusses the special factors involved--bunker space, fuel weight, and plant efficiency. In new ships, the possibilities of COM-fired fluidised bed boilers look interesting. The burning of COMs in Diesel engines has not yet been shown to be a practical proposition, although some interest is being displayed. It is assumed that COMs would not be made up on board ship, but on the other hand it is not clear whether they could be made available for bunkering at ports throguthout the world. Order from BSRA as No. 54,284.


The gravity accelerator adopted the method of measuring pendulum length by capacitive digital caliper displacement sensor.The diagraph of variety of simple pendulum could be measured in high precision,and the influence of the vibrator dimension and the deviation of the gravity center could be avoided.The period of simple pendulum was measured more accurately by an additional timing installation with high precision;hence the precision of acceleration of gravity was raised.


This photograph was taken in December 1910. When Rev. Henry Cooke added it to the Gibraltar Record, he stated "we must go out there [to Put-in-Bay and the Erie Islands] some winter day and spend a few days." The Cookes came from their homes in Cleveland, New York, Boston, and Philadelphia at least twice each summer, but apparently winter visits were nonexistent.


In this paper, we study the supports of measures in the free additive convolution semigroup $\{\mu^{\boxplus t}:t>1\}$, where $\mu$ is a Borel probability measure on $\mathbb{R}$. We give a formula for the density of the absolutely continuous part of $\mu^{\boxplus t}$ and use this formula to obtain certain regularizing properties of $\mu^{\boxplus t}$. We show that the number $n(t)$ of the components in the support of $\mu^{\boxplus t}$ is a decreasing function of $t$ and give equivalent conditions so that $n(t)=1$ for sufficiently large $t$. Moreover, a measure $\mu$ so that $\mu^{\boxplus t}$ has infinitely many components in the support for all $t>1$ is given.


Tritiated Congo red was prepared by the gas exposure method. Analytical results obtained by thin layer chromatography and spectrophotometry indicated that the radioactive Congo red thus prepared had the same properties as the original material. The incorporation of tritiated Congo red into the RES tissues of Donryu rats was studied after intravenous injection by autoradiography and liquid scintillation counter. It was found that Congo red was taken up by Kupffer's stellate cells specifically. The uptake of stellate cells reached a maximum level at the end of 24 hours after injection. However, silver grains were not found in any of the RES cells of other organs at this time. Radioactivity was detected in various tissues. The highest level was found in kidney and followed by liver, lung, spleen, heart and large intestine in decreasing order.


Many factors can influence students' ability to solve mathematical problems, and one of them is intelligence. The purpose of this study was to describe problem-solving abilities in terms of dominating multiple intelligences. The descriptive qualitative design was used for this investigation. The subjects of this study were six 7th-grade students chosen through purposive sampling based on dominating intellect in a group of six students. The data for this study were gathered through the use of validated questionnaires, interviews, and tests. The data analysis, which comprises data reduction, presentation, conclusion. Findings of this study show that pupils with naturalist, interpersonal, kinesthetic intelligence are able to solve problems according to plan, and loocking back when they are incorrect. Students with dominating intelligences such as linguistic-verbal, logical-mathematical, and visual-spatial can plan, conduct step-by-step rechecking of the solution to a problem that has not yet been finished. Furthemore, the effect of various intelligences can solve mathematics problems successfully.


Since the discovery of adramatically potent antiphlogistic or antirheumatic effect of cortisone, a number of glucocorticoid derivatives were synthesized for pharmacological evaluation and some of them have been introduced to clinical use in rheumatic diseases and other various inflammatory disorders. The large doses or prolonged use of glucocorticoids, however, produced a variety of clinical side effects such as gastro-intestinal lesion and impaired protection against infection mainly due to adaptative adrenal atrophy and immunosuppression. Enthusiastic efforts to dissociate the therapeutic effects from adverse ones in chemical structure of glucocorticoids have all resulted in failure. Consequently, chemical and pharmacological investigations to search for new nonsteroidal antiphlogistics different in mode of action from glucocorticoids and less in toxicity have been revived with successful introduction of some agents on the market. They consist of a variety of chemical compounds including weak organic acids such as phenylbutazone, ibufenac, and indomethacin, and moderately strong base such as benzydamine. Research largely concentrated upon various weak organic acids effective against inflammatory processes in experimental animals in this laboratory has resulted in presentation of 6-chloro-5-cyclohexylindan-1-carboxylic acid (TAI-284), which has strong antiinflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities. The structure is as follows: Since no single assessment can represent the general aspects of the drug and provides a satisfactory evaluation for anti-inflammatory agents in the screening process (1), a variety of phlogistic materials, experimental animals, or sites of inflammation are required. In addition, according to Winter (2) certain less specific means of producing inflammation in the screening methods may give an efficient evaluation of anti-inflammatory agents clinically used. Therefore, to assess the anti-inflammatory activities of TAI-284, a variety of substances such as carrageenin, kaolin, acetic acid, croton oil, sodium urate, and Freund's complete adjuvant were used as phlogistic agents, and ultraviolet irradiation and cotton pellets were also applied.


For a number of years, faculty and students from the University of Iowa have been providing services to orphans in China. To improve sustainability, the effort was increased to also include trainin...


This paper presents a modified rigid cross beam method to study the lateral distribution of multi-I beam composite curved bridge with slip effect. First, the effective stiffness expression of single composite curved beam with slip effect were established and calculated by the FEM. Secondly, the lateral load distribution of multi-I beam composite curved bridge is obtained by substituting the effective stiffness of the main composite curved beam into the rigid cross beam method. Finally, The FEM numerical examples show that this method can accurately describe the load distribution characteristics of multi-I beam composite curved bridge with slip effect.


resemblance, and, at any rate, in the human subject, the two cannot well be confounded. The description by Creighton of the development of the ducts in the guinea-pig, does not obtain in the human subject; for, in this account, the ducts are said to first make their appearance as small channels in the mesoblast; further, "there is certainly no evidence of a process of growth downwards from the rete mucosum under the nipple;" and later on the same author remarks: " the ducts are therefore held to be formed as aggregations of the embryonic cells of the matrix along predetermined lines; that preliminary point may be taken as established. " But, however much it may be established in the guinea-pig, I al'ege that there is before you ocular demonstration of a different method of formation in the human mamma. No attempt at the formation of a duct can be discerned in the mesoblastic tissue, except in direct continuity with the epithelial ingrowth, and there is abundant evidence of a process of growth downwards from the rete mucosum under the nipple. It will thus be seen that my observations are in accordance with the views of Kolliker, as referred to above. The conclusions drawn from them may be briefly summarised as follows. x. The mammary gland is developed from epiblast. 2. The acini do not appear until the ducts are formed by an ingrowth of the epithelial cells of the rete mucosum. 3. The acini are developed from the epithelial cells forming the ducts. 4. The mesoblast takes no part in the formation of the glandular structures.


It has been recently shown that, in Nb/Pb junctions having the tunnel barriers grown by r.f. plasma oxidation, large bias voltages induce at room temperature permanent but reversible changes of the I-V characteristics and in particular changes of the Rnn values. In this paper similar variations of thermally oxidated junctions are reported, and a more simple behaviour has been found. Different IV characteristics, corresponding to different values of Run, have been drawn at 77 K on both r.f. and thermal junctions. The voltage dependences of both the conductance and its logarithmic derivative have been studied. A preliminary evaluation of the induced variations of the tunnel barrier parameters is also performed.


In this study, we used image analysis to assess changes in calretinin immunoreactivity in the lateral (LSO) and medial (MSO) superior olivary nuclei in ferrets 2 months after unilateral cochlear ablations at 30–40 days of age, soon after hearing onset. These two nuclei are the first significant sites of binaural convergence in the ascending auditory system, and both receive direct projections from the deafferented cochlear nucleus. Cochlear ablation results in a decrease in the overall level of calretinin immunostaining within the LSO ipsilaterally compared with the contralateral side and with control animals and within the MSO bilaterally compared with control ferrets. In addition, the level of calretinin immunostaining ipsilaterally within neurons in the LSO was significantly less in cochlear ablated than control animals. In contrast, there was no effect of cochlear ablation on the level of calretinin immunostaining within neurons either in the contralateral LSO or in the MSO. These results are consistent with a downregulation in calretinin within the neuropil of MSO bilaterally and LSO ipsilaterally, as well as a downregulation in calretinin within somata in the ipsilateral LSO as a result of unilateral cochlear ablation soon after hearing onset. Thus, cochlear‐driven activity appears to affect calcium binding protein levels in both neuropil and neurons within the superior olivary complex. J. Comp. Neurol. 470:63–79, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The stability of masonry arches plays a crucial role in the seismic assessment of historic and monumental buildings. The block-joint FEM model represents a major step forward with respect to the traditional rigid-brittle approach, allowing the assessment of the in-plane and out-of-plane arch behaviour and modelling of spatial systems such as cross vaults. Recent improvements of the method, among which the blocks modelled as curved frame elements and the pursuit of a static admissible configuration at the first step of the pushover analysis, are introduced. Moreover, the simpler block-block model that captures the behaviour of the arch through a lower number of finite elements is presented. The effects of passive and active strengthening measures such as CFRP sheets or prestress state are also considered in the models.


In this issue of Blood, Dertschnig et al describe the development of autoreactive T cells from the thymus in mice that had previously developed acute graft-versus-host-disease (aGVHD).


and the Chief Justice would have, as in the 1961 Constitution, the power of veto over the higher judicial appointments (paras. 436-444). European and African land areas would be entrenched and provision would be made for multi-racial business and residential areas (paras. 512-598). Amendment of the Constitution would be by a two-thirds majority of both Houses and of an entrenched clause (e.g., land, judiciary, declaration of rights) would require, in addition, a three-quarters majority of both Houses sitting together (paras. 502-511). The recommendations have never been implemented and in July the ruling Rhodesian Front Party published their own constitutional proposals. These provide for the early establishment of a Republic and the eventual creation of three Provincial Assemblies (for the Mashona, Matabele and the Europeans) below a multi-racial National Assembly. But the first stage of these proposals provides for a Senate and National Assembly and makes other provisions which are somewhat similar to the Whaley Commission Report (see The Times, July 18, 1968, p. 4, and July 22, 1968, p. 4).


An optical apparatus for measuring physical quantities, comprising an optical transducer (33) for sensing position, outgoing and return optical fibers (20,23), and an electronic control module (43). Light is generated at the control module and is transmitted by the outgoing optical fiber (20) to the optical transducer (33), which simultaneously varies the relative intensities of two different colors in a dissimilar manner in response to location of a positionable device (34,35) in the optical transducer. The modified intensity is transmitted back to the control module via the return optical fiber (23). The control module (43) measures the intensities of the two returning colors, and then outputs an electrical signal proportional to the intensity ratio for analog applications, or, alternatively, tests the intensity ratio against preselected constants and outputs discrete signals for digital application. The control module can, in addition, incorporate self-monitoring means to determine whether the optical components are functional.


Between January 2009 and December 2010,there were huge amount of articles of acupuncture and moxibustion in science journals of China.We selected 164 representative articles from cqvip.com database and cnki.net database,and reviewed by six aspects including:acupuncture and moxibustion literature study,meridian study,acupuncture points study,experimental study,moxibustion and acupuncture standardization study,as the review of basis academic articles in the subject of acupuncture and moxibustion in 2009-2010.


Generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, such as large language models (LLMs) and diffusion model image and video generators, can transform learning and teaching experiences by providing students and instructors with access to a vast amount of information and create innovative learning and teaching materials in a very efficient way (e.g., U.S. Department of Education, 2023; Kasneci et al., 2023; Mollick & Mollick, 2023; Nikolic et al., 2023). For example, Google Bard and OpenAI ChatGPT are LLMs that can generate natural language texts for various purposes, such as summaries of research papers (e.g., OpenAI, 2023). At the same time, Midjourney and DeepBrain AI are diffusion models that can create diagrams (e.g., concept maps), images, and videos from textual or visual inputs. Engineering education, in particular, can benefit from integrating and utilizing generative AI technologies to improve instructional resources, develop new technology-enhanced learning environments, reduce instructors' workloads, and provide students with opportunities to design and develop their learning experiences. These technologies can help educators to create more personalized, effective, and engaging learning experiences for engineering students. Most engineering students struggle to acquire a deep understanding of complex engineering concepts because of the nature of the highly mathematical concepts, lack of prior knowledge, limitations of the large lectures, limited resources that prevent the use of commercially available lab equipment, and the lack of innovative teaching tools that could be utilized to enhance learning experiences (e.g., Menekse et al., 2018, 2022; Miller et al., 2011; Reeves & Crippen, 2021; Streveler & Menekse, 2017). These factors adversely affect retention and graduation rates and inhibit persistence in engineering majors (e.g., Estrada et al., 2016). Generative AI technologies and tools (e.g., CourseMIRROR) could support engineering educators to improve students' learning and engagement (e.g., Fan et al., 2015; Luo et al., 2015; Menekse, 2020).


Objective To observe the therapeutic efficacy and postoperative complications of combined surgery and sequential surgery in treating proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and cataract.Methods The cilinical data of 59 patients (66 eyes) with PDR were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into combined-surgery group and sequential-surgery group.Combined surgery was performed on patients with obvious lens opacity which was an obstacle to the ocular fundus surgery,while sequential surgery was performed on the patients with transparent lens or lens with light opacity on which ocular fundus surgery could be performed.Lens excision in cataractopoiesis could only be performed when the state of ocular fundus was stable and cataractopoiesis was the main cause of vision damage.A total of 28 patients (32 eyes) in combined-surgery group underwent vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification and IOL implantation;31 patients (34 eyes) in sequential-surgery group underwent vitrectomy,lens excision and IOL implantation.Corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and complications were observed.The mean follow-up period was (25±8.5) months.The measurement data were analyzed with t test and enumeration data with 2 test.Results In combined-surgery group,visual acuity improvement was achieved in 27 eyes (84.4%),remained unchanged in 2 eyes (6.3%) and decreased in 3 eyes (9.4 %).In sequential-surgery group,visual acuity improved in 26 eyes (76.5%),remained unchanged in 2 eyes(5.8%)and decreased in 6 eyes (17.7%.).However,anterior chamber fibrin exudation occurred in 4 eyes in the combined-surgery group and no eyes in the sequential-surgery group;compared with each other,the difference is statistically significant (χ2=4.524,P=0.033).Conclusion Combined surgery and sequential surgery are all safe and effective on treating PDR and postoperative complications have no obvious correlation with the surgery procedure.

Key words:
Diabetic Retinopathy/surgery; Vitrectomy; Phacoemulsification


When the National Health Service was introduced in U.K. in 1948 it was hailed as a major step forward in social reform. No longer would sick people have the additional worry of doctors' bills; nor would they suffer the indignity of receiving charitable treatment in voluntary hospitals; nor would they go without treatment. By introducing a national service, financed from public funds, society provided comprehensive insurance against sickness for all its members, but this has involved the creation of so vast an organisation that the patient often feels he is being processed rather than treated.


This study investigates the predictability of firm values for venture capital-backed firms. Having insights into the internal documents of more than 300 venture capitalists, we derive three common categories of firm value drivers: team characteristics, firm and market characteristics, and accounting information. Based on these value drivers, we provide a regression based valuation approach, which allows to assess valuation precision by comparing estimated firm values to realized values. The results suggest that venture capital-backed firms may be valued as accurately as publicly traded firms. These findings may help entrepreneurs and investors to obtain an indicative value estimate for their firms. JEL classification: G24, G32


In this paper the authors propose a market-based mechanism for organizational units of Commercial and Industrial power consumers or companies in a consortium to reduce their peak power demand. The market mechanism requires participants' bids to indicate the value they associate with power needed to run various services, and the power quantity requirement for these services over a time horizon. The market resolution produces peak demand allocation, i.e., determination of the peak demand and the associated cost that the units need to pay. The global peak-demand is then derived by optimizing individual participants' peak demand. The market mechanism is based on decision optimization, and guarantees the formally defined properties of Pareto optimality, Nash equilibrium and benefit distribution fairness.


An improved and green method has been developed for the synthesis of substituted 2-benzylidene-1-benzofuran-3-ones by treating 2-hydroxychalcones with CuBr 2 in DMF-water mixture (7:3; v/v) using grinding methodology. Molecular docking study was also carried out and it revealed that compound 4h binds with the active amino Glu-277, Try-406 and Arg-152 of neuraminindase against influenza virus.


A novel digital audio frequency power amplifier belongs to a digital audio frequency power amplifier. An analogue output of the work of a last-stage power tube of the power amplifier is got via a lowpass filter in the on-off state, and the output is A/D-converted to get a digital signal, which is the fed back to an arithmetic logic unit; the arithmetic logic unit controls the conducting and stopping of the last-stage power tube based on the deviation of the analogue output, and controls the deviation within an acceptable scope. Moreover, a digital, negative feedback, celestial-gate and changeable power source is made based on the sample principle to supply power to the last-stage power tube. When the power amplifier outputs the high power level, the changeable power source outputs the high voltage. When the power amplifier outputs the low power level, the changeable power source outputs the low voltage. Thus, the digital function of high efficiency and low fidelity is achieved by reducing the on-off frequency of the last-stage power tube.


Abnormally high pore pressure zone may affect many properties and processes in underground, and thus it is important to study the mechanism of developing the high pore pressure zone. In mudstone formations of the Kazusa Group at the Boso peninsula, high porosity anomaly of approximately 5 to 20 % is observed, and this anomaly is suggested to have been generated by an abnormally excess pore pressure. However, the development process of the high pore pressure is still unknown. In general, pore pressure anomalies can develop through normal sedimentation-compaction process under some conditions of permeability and storage capacity, and/or sedimentation rate. In this study, we investigated how much pore pressure and porosity anomalies can develop just only by normal sedimentation-compaction process in the case of the Kazusa Group mudstone formation. Firstly we obtained effective pressure dependencies of permeability and porosity for siltstone specimens from the Kazusa Group by using laboratory experiments, and then carried out 1-D numerical simulation of pore pressure development during sedimentationcompaction processes using the parameters from the experiments. The rock samples used in the experiments were collected from outcrops at Umegase Formation (Fm.), Otadai Fm., Kiwada Fm., Ohara Fm. and Katsuura Fm. of the Kazusa group. The collected samples were shaped into a cylindrical shape about 40 mm in diameter and about 30 mm in height. The measurements were performed using an intra-vessel deformation fluidflow apparatus at Toho University. Distilled water was used for pore fluid and confining pressure was applied by using oil. Permeability and porosity of siltstones were measured at room temperature and under effective pressures from 2 to 35 MPa. To obtain porosity under effective pressure, we measured a volume of water discharged from the specimen when confining pressure was applied. We measured permeability by monitoring flow rate through the specimen under the condition of constant pore pressure differences at the both side of the specimen. Measured porosity ranged from approximately 34 to 42 %, except for the specimens of Ohara Fm., porosity of which was up to 55 %, higher than others. Permeability ranged from 10 −20 to 10−16 m. We obtained the effective pressure dependencies of porosity and permeability for each specimen by fitting normal consolidation domains of the experimental results with some functions. We then simulated developments of pore pressure and porosity anomalies during sedimentation of silt(stone) layer up to the thickness of 3000 m. By using finite difference method, we discretized a differential equation modeling pore pressure developments by sedimentation-and-compaction, and diffusion in the vertical direction of pore pressure. The conditions for the simulation are as follows: the lower boundary of the calculation domain is impermeable, and pore pressure is constant at the upper boundary of the sediments. The sediment layer is initially 54 m in the thickness, and the initial pore pressure is hydrostatic (no pore pressure anomaly). Skempton's constant is 0.9. The sedimentation rate is constant, and we used three values, 4.0, 9.49, 40.0 ×10−4 m/year, estimated from the previous studies at the Kazusa Group. The results of the numerical simulations suggested that, pore pressure anomaly was increased as the depth was increased, and when the sedimentation rate was 9.49 ×10−4 m/year, developed maximum pore pressure and porosity anomaly ranged from 3 to 12 MPa and 0.5 to 6 %, respectively. As the sedimentation rate was increased, the anomalies were increased, and pore pressure and porosity anomalies were increased up to 18 MPa and 8 % when the sedimentation rate was 40.0 ×10−4 m/year. These results indicate that, when considering conditions for the Kazusa Group, pore pressure anomaly of more than 10 MPa and porosity anomaly of several percentages can develop.


Abstract Low temperature scanning electron microscopy using a cryo-stage permits the examination of sputter coated frozen hydrated material. The technique has been used to compare morphological differences between hydrated pollen from either undehisced anthers or stigmas and dehydrated pollen from dehisced anthers. This enables observations of harmomegathic mechanisms, for which optical microscopy has previously been used, to be made at higher magnifications in the scanning electron microscope.


Cognitive radio is an autonomous transceiver that is continuously sensing theongoing communication in its environment, it then starts the communication whenever it is appropriate. Therefore, cognit ...


An uninitialized use refers to a common coding mistake where programmers directly use variables on the stack or the heap before they are initialized. Uninitialized uses, although simple, can lead to severe security consequences. In this paper, we will share our experience in gaining arbitrary kernel code execution in the latest macOS Sierra by exploiting two uninitialized use vulnerabilities for Pwnfest 2016. Specifically, we first analyze the attack surface of the XNU kernel and mitigation techniques, and then study common types of uninitialized uses and potential threats. Then we elaborate on the vulnerabilities and exploitation techniques. Lastly, we summarize the whole exploitation and discuss the reliability of the exploitation.


Tins paper was begun as a comparison of the nesting habits of different kinds of swifts (Apodi), the literature on which is very scattered. But as the work progressed, I became dissatisfied with the existing generic classification, as in the last full list by Peters (1940), so I have here revised the genera, in which, incidentally, nesting habits provide a valuable guide, as pointed out by Sick (1947, 1948a, b, 1951). I have not tried to revise the species, though I have made a few suggestions; the species of Apus are being reviewed elsewhere (Lack, in press). This paper is based primarily on the published literature, but I have also examined the large collection of swifts in the British Museum (Natural History) and am grateful to Mr. J. D. Macdonald for his friendly help in doing so. I am also most grateful to Dr. A. J. Cain, Dr. E. Mayr, and Mr. R. E. Moreau for their valuable criticisms of the paper in preparation.


A number of nonmagnetostrictive flux‐grown garnets have been developed for use in cylindrical magnetic domain ``bubble'' devices. It has been discovered that the material directly beneath the natural {211} facets is magnetically uniaxial. A model relating the required cutting procedure to composition is presented.


The mechanism of traumatic vertical longitudinal tears of the meniscus is investigated. Meniscal injuries can have significant sequelae yet little understanding of the mechanism of injury exists. An anatomic position and force based model of meniscal injury is proposed and preliminary results of testing are presented. Using the described test apparatus, superficial tears were created in 4 of 6 samples. The validity of the proposed mechanism and the significance of the empirical results are discussed.


A physical vapor deposition apparatus includes a vacuum chamber having sidewalls, a cathode, a high frequency power source, a substrate support, a shield and an anode. The cathode is in a vacuum chamber configured to include a sputtering target. High frequency power source is configured to apply power to the cathode. The substrate support is in the inside of the side wall of the vacuum chamber, it is electrically insulated from the side wall. Shield is inside the side wall of the vacuum chamber and electrically connected to the side walls. The anode is inside the side wall of the vacuum chamber and electrically connected to the side walls. The anode includes an annular flange projecting inwardly from the annular body and the annular body, the annular flange is arranged to define a volume beneath the target for plasma generation. .FIELD 1


This paper critically reviewed the role of negative feedback in second language acquisition with a focus on recasts based on the findings of recent...


Aim To observe the effects of medium chain triglyceride(MCT) on obesity and inflammatory reaction in type 2 diabetics mellitus(T2DM).MethodsWith total energy and fat consumption controlled,MCT group's patients took 100% MCT oil,MCT+long chain triglyceride(LCT) group's patients took 50% MCT oil+50% LCT oil and LCT group's patients took 100% LCT oil for 12 weeks.Blood Adiponectin and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1(MCP-1),mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ(PPARγ) in peripheral blood mononuclear cell were detected,body height,body weight,waistline and hipline were measured at 0,6 and 12 week.Then body mass index(BMI) and waist-hip ratio(WHR) were analyzed.ResultsCompared with LCT group,body weight,BMI and waistlines of 6 and 12 week in MCT and MCT+LCT groups were decreased and WHR of 12 week in MCT group was much decreased.Compared with LCT group,plasma adiponectin of 6 week in MCT and MCT+LCT groups were higher,plasma adiponectin of 12 week in MCT+LCT group were higher.Compared with LCT group,plasma MCP-1 of 6 wk in MCT group was lower.ConclusionsWith total energy and fat consumption controlled,the daily diet oil is replaced full or partly by MCT,the body weight and WHR decrease and the inflammatory reaction ameliorate in T2DM patients.So MCT possibly help to reduce atherosclerosis risk.


Arabica coffee plant are generally affected by various pests. The Xylotrechus quadripes (Chevrolat), the coffee white stem borer (CWSB) is a very harmful pest as its grub feeds on the internal parts of the stem leaving very little external evidence of damage to the host plant at the initial stage. Existing pest management methods suffer from the lack of knowledge about the precise location of the pest within the plant and the extent of internal damage. Minimally invasive investigation of pest CWSB in the plant body has good potential to elucidate the stages of the pest infestation inside the stem and the plant growth. Digital radiography (X-ray imaging) is used for in situ feasibility studies of plant growth in presence or absence of pest and also helps in the early detection of the pest. These techniques has challenges like, to study the imaging in the live plants addressing to environmental conditions, X-ray imaging time and distance covered with respect to plant height. In this study, the use of digital radiography involves the mechanism where X-ray auto detection mode with cassettes detects X-rays at the time of exposure and automatically enters the  image detection mode and then the image construction mode. Six uprooted stem of Arabica coffee plants were successfully scanned for CWSB. Results of X-ray imaging confirmed the presence of pest inside the coffee stem in varied stages of growth and even the exit holes of the matured pest  were also observed clearly when exposed to the radiation. The advantage of using the digital  radiography to study the severity of pest in the plant was investigated and discussed.


A partisan affiliation built from social basic and social cleavage in a relationsip of political parties and civil society as mostly discussed, found its new trend to be endshown by local political practices. This study examined why secularist political parties defeat Islamic political parties in muslim society. This study applicate phenomenology to investigate patronage and clientelism relationship between political parties and societies in research area of Probolinggo, East Java. This study had explored four findings, firstly, weakening of support from traditional Muslim societies with Nahdhatul Ulama (NU) affiliated, called nahdhiyyin, to Islamic parties and the tendency to support secularist parties particularly to PDIP. Secondly, multi patronage phenomena and diversed clientelism which weakens nahdliyin support to Islamic party and crossing over of political support to secularist parties. Thirdly, personal politics from local strong man effect shaped multi patronage and divergent clientelism as well as ends partisan affiliation. Fourthly, social basic had no longer a linear relationship to political parties hence social cleavage faded into new shape, is a melting-pot social cleavage. These findings point out weakening of social basic of Islamic political parties, as irrelevantly political party relationship with social basic to support electoral capacity.


WILLIAM Blackstone was born in 1723. After a brilliant undergraduate career at Oxford and an unsuccessful stint as a barrister, he was elected in 1758 to the first chair in English law at Oxford. Between 1765 and 1769, he published the four volumes of his Commentaries on the Laws of England, based on his Oxford lectures. The publication of the first volume established Blackstone's reputation, and in 1766 he resigned his professorship and returned to the practice of law. He became a member of the House of Commons, where he was identified with the King's party, and later a judge; but his political and judicial careers were undistinguished, and apart from some administrative contributions to Oxford his reputation rests entirely on the Commentaries. He died in 1780. Jeremy Bentham, Blackstone's severest critic, was born in 1748, twentyfive years after Blackstone. As a sixteen-year-old student at Oxford, Bentham attended Blackstone's lectures on English law. Bentham, too, became an unsuccessful barrister, but his failure in practice, unlike Blackstone's, reflected above all a total lack of interest in the practice of law. Private means and robust health enabled Bentham to follow his preferred career as a private scholar, social critic, and advocate of reform (especially of the law and legal institutions) with undiminished vigor until his death in 1832 at the age of eighty-four. Professor Hart's lecture in this series will have given you a sense of the character and thought of Jeremy Bentham. Had the appearance of the last volume of Blackstone's Commentaries been delayed until 1776, posterity might have placed the Commentaries alongside the other revolutionary works of that year, such as the Wealth of Nations and the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Instead, the honor of legal revolutionary has been bestowed in this lecture series on Bentham, who had the foresight to publish his Fragment on Government-an intemperate and, I shall argue, fundamentally misconceived attack on the Commentaries-that year. Blackstone's predestined role in this lecture series appears to be to personify a corrupt and discredited Old Order which crumbled before the


Background:The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of Ktrans, Kep, and Ve values in the differential diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) and noncancerous tissue in the peripheral zone (PZ) and central gland (CG). Methods:A search was conducted of the PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases from January 2000 to October 2015 using the search terms "prostate cancer," " dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)," "magnetic resonance imaging," "Ktrans," "Kep," and "Ve." Studies were selected and included according to strict eligibility criteria. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to compare Ktrans, Kep, and Ve values between PCa and noncancerous tissue. Results:Fourteen studies representing 484 patients highly suspicious for prostate adenocarcinoma were selected for the meta-analysis. We found that Ktrans values measured by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) were significantly higher in PCa tissue than in noncancerous tissue in the PZ (SMD 1.57, 95% CI 0.98–2.16; z = 5.21, P <0.00001) and CG (SMD 1.19, 95% CI 0.46–1.91; z = 3.21, P = 0.001). Kep values measured by DCE-MRI were significantly higher in PCa than in noncancerous tissue in the PZ (SMD 1.41, 95% CI 0.92–1.91; z = 5.59, P < 0.00001) and CG (SMD 1.57, 95% CI 0.69–2.46; z = 3.49, P = 0.0005). Ve values generated by DCE-MRI were slightly higher in PCa than in noncancerous tissue in the PZ (SMD 0.72, 95% CI 0.17–1.27; z = 2.58, P = 0.010), but sensitivity analysis found that the Ve value was unstable for differentiation between PCa and noncancerous PZ tissue. However, there was no significant difference in the Ve value between PCa and noncancerous CG tissue (SMD −0.29, 95% CI −1.18, 0.59; z = 0.65, P = 0.51). Conclusion:Our meta-analysis shows that Ktrans and Kep were the most reliable parameters for differentiating PCa from noncancerous tissue and were critical for evaluation of the internal structure of cancer. The Ve value was not helpful for distinguishing PCa from noncancerous CG tissue; its ability to distinguish between PCa and noncancerous PZ tissue remains uncertain.


Livestock distribution is a critical concern for grazing lands. Rangeland health, the condition of riparian areas, water quality, fisheries habitat, and threatened and endangered species are all affected by uneven grazing patterns. Cattle typically graze heavily in areas with gentle terrain near water and avoid rugged terrain or areas far from water, often preferring riparian areas where they spend a disproportionate amount of time compared to uplands [1]. Yet concentrated grazing, especially in riparian zones, may reduce vegetative cover and increase soil erosion [2, 3]. Often, extensive and rugged pastures that experience problems associated with grazing have sufficient forage but suffer from adverse impacts to natural resources from localized heavy grazing. The key to resolving such problems is to encourage livestock to use pastures more extensively (e.g., farther from water and steeper terrain).


Internet provides a significant platform for cultural activity and has become a factor in the shaping of cultural interests. Museums have long recognized the potential that it provides for reaching new audiences and are currently considering the extent to which born-digital activity may require accommodation in the basic definition of museums (special focus on ICOM�s definition) and the museum profession. The inclusion of intangible material as a central component of the museum repertoire requires a change in the focus on tangible property as the touchstone of the museum profession. The articles explores the concerns that arose together with the availability of digital communication technologies but nonetheless does not hesitate to underline the expanding didactic role played by the professional community to forge the shape of Museum as it expands ever further into the all but boundless digital realm.


Purpose : the authors identify the problems of environmental lending in Russia and develop the measures aimed at improving the efficiency of Bank lending to environmental investment projects. Discussion : environmental investments are a special type of investment aimed at protecting the environment, as well as rational use of natural resources. The volume of investments in fixed assets aimed at protecting the environment and rational use of natural resources in Russia has been increasing over the past eight years, and investments aimed at protecting the atmospheric air are increasing more dynamically. Funding for environmental activities and environmental programs is provided from a variety of sources, including Bank lending. An environmental investment loan is a long-term type of loan that is offered by financial and credit institutions for legal entities or individuals to direct the money received to implement an environmental investment program in compliance with the principles of Bank lending. In our opinion, the credit system should be organized in such a way that it is profitable for the company to carry out environmental measures, and for banks to issue the necessary loans. The instruments of the credit system include preferential interest rates on loans for the purchase of environmental protection equipment and the introduction of low-waste technologies. To improve the efficiency of environmental management, grants should be provided to Finance preferential interest rates on loans for environmental purposes. Then operations for crediting environmental measures will become equally profitable in comparison with other loans. Results : the authors proposed specific measures to improve the effectiveness of attracting environmental loans to Finance environmental investment projects.


Supported by questionnaires and interviews, we present a case study of urban transformations in Nanluoguxiang, Beijing at the neighbourhood level. Nanluoguxiang demonstrates key characteristics of self-organisation in its transformation. The case also illustrates that self-organisation sometimes runs counter to socially desired outcomes, which reminds us of the need to be aware of such a development, of the possibility of intervention and of the desirability of bearing in mind spatial planning perspectives. The Nanluoguxiang case also shows that self-organisation and intentional behaviour are not necessarily mutually exclusive. However, the coexistence of both processes does depend on the intentions of the institutions responsible for local developments and the conditions set by them.


The subject of the study is the regulatory and legal provisions of the Institute of surrogacy in the Russian Federation. The object of this research is the concept and essence of surrogacy as a method of assisted reproductive technologies in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation. The methodological basis is represented by a set of methods of scientific cognition of objective legal reality applied in the course of preparation and writing: comparative analysis (also known as the comparative legal method), as well as the formal legal method. In addition, the methods of scientific cognition of objective legal reality used by the author also include the logical method, system-structural analysis, and the method of legal modeling. The sharp drop in the birth rate in Russia in 2022 exacerbates the issue of the early legislative establishment of legal mechanisms that have not yet been used by the Russian state, but which are quite capable of assisting Russian citizens in the use of assisted reproductive technologies, overcoming infertility and, ultimately, in the exercise of their conventional and legal rights to create a family and procreation. The author conducted a sociological observation based on the materials of websites specializing in informing citizens about assisted reproductive technologies, identified the most typical problematic and conflict situations in the relationship of potential biological parents and potential surrogate mothers, made conclusions and suggestions to eliminate the identified problems from social practice. In particular, it is concluded that it is necessary to organize departments at maternity hospitals specializing in monitoring the condition of surrogate mothers and their implementation of medical recommendations, including compliance with the pregnancy preservation regime.


AbstractA new composite floor system was developed to reduce floor-to-floor height and to improve structural capacity and fire resistance as compared with existing encased composite floor systems. The proposed system is composed of asymmetric steel beams with web openings, a biaxial hollow concrete slab, and glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) plates. The shear resistance of the typical composite beams is commonly determined based on the shear strength of the steel web alone. However, for the proposed system, because the steel web has several circular openings, the concrete contribution to the shear resistance should be included in the design equation. In this paper, tests and finite-element analyses were conducted to evaluate the contribution of the shear-resisting components in the proposed system. An asymmetric steel beam with web openings, inner concrete panels, and a biaxial hollow concrete slab within the effective width for shear were considered as shear-resisting components. Each component fully...


The electromagnetic flow control was numerically investigated to clarify the electromagnetic effects measured in a one-kilowatt argon arcjet windtunnel. As a result, an uniform pre-ionized flow assumption was found to be unacceptable to reproduce the measured electromagnetic drag increase because the strong Hall effect in the flow dissipates the circumferential current. Contrastingly, in the simulation using an artificial pre-ionized flow with a distinct insulative plume boundary, a strong Hall electric field is induced and the flow is electromagnetically controllable through E×B drift. To verify this result, a one-kilowatt class arcjet windtunnel is solved instead of such an artificial plume environment using the Naiver-Stokes equations with thermochemical nonequilibrium and steady magnetohydrodynamic equations. As a result, the simulated arcjet plume has a strong electroconductive non-uniformity in the radial direction, and this non-uniformity was found to activate a strong Hall electric field and the resulting electromagnetic flow control even if the Hall parameter is over 40.


ARIAS, M., 1983: Nematodos transmisores de virus de los árboles frutales, Bol. Serv. Plagas, 9: 167-181. A revision of papers on virus transmitter nematodes on fruit trees crops have been carried out. A relation of the nematodes associated with such a diseases as well as a description and a key for identification of the evidenced virus vector species are give. Finally, the transmission mechanisms and control measurements are analyzed.


To create artificial intelligent systems that receive information in the form of images: industrial robots, autonomous vehicles, modeling of objects or the environment, video surveillance, video data can be presented as a sequence of images from various cameras or sensors, of which lidars and cameras are the most studied and discussed. The work reveals and analyzes the possibilities, advantages and disadvantages of these computer vision technologies. Examples are given and researched ways, directions and prospects for the development and improvement of lidar systems. It is shown what new possibilities for autonomous intelligent unmanned systems are opened by the combined usage of cameras and lidars. Such fusion makes it possible to use the advantages of both technologies, to solve problems that seemed insoluble yesterday. It is clear that the symbiosis of these two devices, which work in real time, is crucial for many applications such as autonomous driving, industrial automation and robotics. Especially in the case of autonomous vehicles, efficient fusion of data from these two types of sensors is important for object depth detection as well as object recognition at short and long distances. Since both sensors are capable of simultaneously capturing different environmental attributes, integrating these attributes with an efficient data fusion approach greatly improves reliable and consistent environmental perception.


The article examines the lead-lag relationship in returns on stock index futures and spot market from the Asia practice; the trading volume change relationship between stock index futures and spot market; the impact of stock index futures on stock price fluctuation. The conclusions drawn are that stock index futures may not enhance the spot market fluctuation. Stock index futures can strengthen the marketplace stability; they can perfect our countries capital market structure and function.


Background: Because such a study has not been done in Nigeria before, we undertook to study birth injury (BI) retrospectively in three tertiary hospitals. Materials And Methods: We analyzed the records of patients with BI between January 1 1999 and December 31 2003. Result: 146 patients had BI. Male to female ratio was 1:1, the mean age at presentation was 74.3 ± 380 days and the range was 2 hours to 8.7 days. The most common presentation was brachial plexus palsy (43.8%), followed by head/facial injury (31.5%) the most common of which was cephalo-haematoma and fractures (23.3%). Patients with brachial plexus injury tended to present late with 87.5% of them presenting after 1 month. About 32.9% of the patients had unsatisfactory outcomes and the mortality rate was 16.4% mostly from intracranial injuries. Conclusions: BI are uncommon but they have high mortality and morbidity rates.


Locomotion control uses proprioceptive, visual, and vestibular signals. Previously, we analyzed the visual contribution with visual motion stimulation in roll while participants kept their heads in a normal upright orientation. In this study we applied the same visual disturbance in a head‐upright and a nose‐down condition. Random dot patterns were constantly rotated in roll at ±15°/sec on a computer‐driven binocular head‐mounted display, while the participants walked a distance of 6 m. The stimulation effect was more pronounced in the nose‐down condition. These results are similar to the results of previous galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) studies, suggesting that in terms of the direction of action visual motion stimulation in the roll plane is similar to GVS.


This article presents a contactless, remote sensing Salmonella typhimurium sensor based on the principle of magnetostriction. Magnetostrictive materials have been used widely for various types of sensor systems. In this work, the use of a magnetostrictive material for the detection of Salmonella typhimurium has been established. The mass of the bacteria attached to the sensor causes changes in the resonance frequency of the sensor. Filamentous bacteriophage was used as a probe order to ensure specific and selective binding of the bacteria onto the sensor surface. Thus changes in response of the sensor due to the mass added onto the sensor caused by specific attachment of bacteria can be monitored in absence of any contact to the sensor. The response of the sensor due to increasing concentrations (from 5x101 to 5x108 cfu/ml) of the bacteria was studied. A reduction in the physical dimensions enhances the sensitivity of these sensors and hence different dimensions of the sensor ribbons were studied. For a 2mm x 0.1mm x 0.02mm the detection limit was observed to be of the order of 104 cfu/mL and for a sensor of 1mm x 0.2mm x 0.02mm a reduced detection limit of 103 cfu/mL was achieved.


Cross-linked polymers consisting of cellulose and polyethyleneimine (PEI) were synthesized by the reaction of reactive cellulose derivatives such as chlorinated cellulose (Cell-Cl), cellulose tosylate (Cell-OTs) and cellulose acetate bromoacetate (AcCell-AcBr) with PEI. With Cell-Cl the reaction easily occurred in DMF and dioxane but was depressed by water contained in the medium. PEI content of the polymers increased with an increase in reaction temperature and with chlorine content in Cell-Cl. Cell-OTs also easily reacted with PEI to give the high PEI content polymers irrespective of reaction temperature and the molecular weight of PEI. AcCell-AcBr gave the products of high PEI content only by the reaction with PEI of high molecular weight. Thermogravimetric analysis suggested that the products were the cross-linked polymers composed of cellulose derivatives and PEI owing to their high thermal stabilities.


As the use of computers in critical control systems such as aircraft controls, medical instruments, defense systems, missile controls, and nuclear power plants has increased, concern for the safety of those systems has also grown. Much of this concern has focused on the software component of those computer-based systems. This is primarily due to historical experience with software systems that often exhibit larger numbers of errors than their hardware counterparts and the fact that the consequences of a software error may endanger human life, property, or the environment. A number of different techniques have been used to address the issue of software safety. Some are standard software engineering techniques aimed at reducing the number of faults in a software protect, such as reviews and walkthroughs. Others, including fault tree analysis, are based on identifying and reducing hazards. This report examines the role of one such technique, formal methods, in the development of software for safety critical systems. The use of formal methods to increase the safety of software systems is based on their role in reducing the possibility of software errors that could lead to hazards. The use of formal methods in the development of software systems is controversial. Proponentsmore » claim that the use of formal methods can eliminate errors from the software development process, and produce programs that are probably correct. Opponents claim that they are difficult to learn and that their use increases development costs unacceptably. This report discusses the potential of formal methods for reducing failures in safety critical software systems.« less


Abstract : The project has successfully demonstrated reduced-rank, space-time equalization for high-speed wireless digital communications capable of reliably transmitting multimedia data in support of military operations in stressful environments involving multipath propagation. Research conducted as part of this effort was recognized by a number of awards including a Technical Achievement Award and a Distinguished Lecturer appointment from the IEEE Signal Processing Society, and two Best Paper Awards from the IEEE Communications Society. A key finding that fueled a number of innovations towards the end of the three-year effort was that adding a stage to the Multi-Stage Wiener Filter was exactly equivalent to taking a step of a Conjugate-Gradient (CG) search. A key innovation was the formulation of the matrix-vector product in the CG algorithm in terms of low-complexity FFT's for reduced computation and storage requirements. The results of this research was published extensively in a number of high-profile IEEE and SPIE conferences.


ABSTRACT Objective: Adolescents are at risk for substance use, sexual assault, and sexual risk behaviours; however, to date no integrated prevention programmes address all three risk behaviours. The goal of this study was to evaluate the usability and acceptability of Teen Well Check, an e-health prevention programme targeting substance use, sexual assault, and sexual risk among adolescents in primary care settings. Methods: The current study included content analysis of interviews with adolescents in primary care (aged 14–18; n = 25) in the intervention development process, followed by usability and acceptability testing with qualitative interviews among adolescents in primary care (aged 14–18; n = 10) and pediatric primary care providers (n = 11) in the intervention refinement process. All data were collected in the Southeastern U.S. Results: Feedback on Teen Well Check addressed content, engagement and interaction, language and tone, aesthetics, logistics, inclusivity, parent/guardian-related topics, and the application of personal stories. Overall, providers reported they would be likely to use this intervention (5.1 out of 7.0) and recommend it to adolescents (5.4 out of 7.0). Conclusions: These findings suggest preliminary usability and acceptability of Teen Well Check. A randomized clinical trial is needed to assess efficacy. Highlights Adolescents are at risk for substance use, sexual assault, and sexual risk behaviours. The goal of this study was to evaluate the usability and acceptability of Teen Well Check, an e-health prevention programme targeting substance use, sexual assault, and sexual risk among adolescents in primary care settings. Providers and adolescents rated Teen Well Check as usable and acceptable, and providers indicated that they would recommend it to their adolescent patients.


Mutual funds have become one of the largest financial intermediaries in the leading world economies, currently controlling about 7 trillion dollars in assets in the US and over 3 trillion Euros in assets in Europe. In Russia, the mutual fund industry is relatively underdeveloped but has a huge potential for growth. One of the crucial factors ensuring efficient functioning of mutual funds is proper evaluation of their performance. This is important for investors who would like to make sure that their funds follow desirable strategies and earn positive risk-adjusted returns. In general, there are two types of performance measures: absolute (based only on the performance record of a given fund) and relative (constructed with respect to some endogenous or exogenous benchmark). Absolute performance measures may be raw, such as fund total return, or risk-adjusted, such as the Sharpe ratio or Jensen's alpha. Relative performance measures can be cardinal (e.g., fund return adjusted by the category benchmark) or ordinal (e.g., fund performance rank within a given category). Obviously, the use of a raw performance measure such as fund total return may be inappropriate, since it neglects the riskiness of fund investments. The most popular risk-adjusted measure in the literature is Jensen's alpha based on a factor model, e.g., a four-factor model of Carhart (1997):


In order to decrease the high transmission error rate caused by background noise and impulse noise during underwater acoustic communication, this paper considers the influence of noise during the communication process based on the frequency division multiplexing system model. A filter is carried out to estimate the real-time noise, which is implemented by the least mean square error algorithm and is improved according to the characteristics of short duration and high energy of impulse noise. Finally, the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by computer simulation.


ABSTRACT We examine effects of financial soundness on various export activities of manufacturing firms in South Korea. The main results are as follows. First, the export-starters prepared to have a better financial soundness a few years before becoming export-starter. Second, the better financial soundness at a given year increases a probability for a firm to become a new exporter at the following year. Third, the better financial soundness is related to covering export market entry costs rather than export continuation costs. Our findings imply that the financial soundness plays a self-selection role in increasing numbers of export firms in manufacturing sectors.


In this paper, we consider a multiple-input-multiple-output system employing orthogonal space time block codes over a generalized fading model, namely, g (cid:2) l fading distribution. Simplified closed-form expressions for the probability density function and cumulative distribution function of the proposed system under absolute SNR scheduling have been derived in this paper. More specifically, new analytical expressions for average bit error rate and average channel capacity are derived for two cases: (a) independent and identically distributed (i.i.d) fading links and (b) independent and non-identically distributed (i.ni.d) fading links. Numerical evaluation shows improvement in system performance for various values of g in format 1 with increase in the (a) number of users ( U ), (b) number of transmit antennas ( n T ), and (c) number of receive antennas ( n R ). The proposed mathematical analysis is verified using MATLAB numerical results which demonstrate the accuracy of theoretical approach.


Based on the evolution of higher education systems in the last 50 years, this paper discusses the use of research funding mechanisms as privileged instruments to maintain and foster diversity in higher education systems. We suggest that competitive research funding supported by non-standardised evaluative processes may enable differentiation among institutions according to their resources and capabilities to develop research, while also recognising the limit to the use of such policy instruments. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.


With the coordinated development at "Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei", industrial transfer is bound to bring carbon transfer. Industrial transfer along inter-regional industrial chain has become one of the main forms of industry transfer. So the problems of carbon transfer that happened between industry chain and regional must be pay more attention. This paper based on inter-regional input-output model, counted input-output tables of 2014 on the base of the input-output tables of 2010 to analysis the problems of carbon transfer between upstream and downstream in "Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei" from 2010 to 2014. This paper studied inter-regional, intra-regional, inter-industry, intra-industry carbon linkage in "Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei", in order to provide help for inter-industry cooperative carbon emissions reduction in "Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei"


Drill tower is the support structure to ensure normal work for drilling, and the structural characteristic has been played a vital role in the stability of drilling rig. In the paper, the 3-D modeling of the drill tower has been established by the software UG and the finite element analysis of the structure has been finished by software ANSYS that it provides a new design method and thought for the new type of electro-hydraulic controlling core drill tower. According to the analysis result, the practicability for the structure is discussed, and furthermore, this study can provide reliable and efficient technical reference for future design of drill tower products.


The transformation of British nurse Edith Cavell, executed by the Germans during World War I for spying and helping some French and British soldiers escape, from a patriot to a martyr in popular media representations is discussed. It is observed that her patriotic act was changed into an act of martyrdom to preserve the feminine image of nurses in English and Australian society, and also to make brave act of a woman acceptable to male politicians in the countries.


This paper presents a novel two-stage data segmentation approach for detection of artificial materials and objects in non-urban terrain. High resolution image of the unknown terrain taken with the digital camera from relatively large distance is divided into smaller sub-images for further processing. Each sub-image is segmented and information about obtained cluster centers is transferred to the next stage. Second segmentation stage uses information about cluster centers from all sub-images and applies the same clustering method to this data set. Finally, decision-making module evaluates all potential candidate segments and eventually proposes segments that have high possibility of presenting artificial material or object in the input image.


We demonstrate optical arbitrary waveform measurement (OAWM) using a silicon pho-tonic spectral slicer. Exploiting maximal-ratio combining (MRC), we demonstrate the viability of the scheme by reconstructing 100-GBd 64QAM signals with high quality.


The Day100 Talk (Day100) bridges communication gaps between parents and clinicians early in pediatric cancer care through an interprofessional family conference facilitated by structured tools. We aimed to understand communication challenges and facilitators and to adapt Day100 for Spanish‐speaking parents. We interviewed Spanish‐speaking parents with limited English proficiency, Spanish‐English medical interpreters, and clinicians to gather communication experiences and adapt Day100. Results showed that communication difficulties were precipitated by linguistic and cultural differences, nonvisual technologies, and limited spontaneous communication. Interpreters enhanced communication as linguistic and cultural brokers. Nonverbal cues also facilitated communication. Participants offered recommendations to adapt Day100 for future study.


OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the addition of 10 or 25 mg of empagliflozin to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using a maximum tolerable dose of metformin and gliclazide. METHODS: A total of 60 patients who had been receiving a maximum tolerable dose of metformin plus gliclazide. was divided into two groups in this study. In the first group (Group 1, n=32), 10 mg empagliflozin was added to the current treatment once a day, and in the second group (Group 2, n=28) 25 mg empagliflozin was added to the same treatment once a day. Biochemical results, weight and blood pressure changes of the patients in both groups were evaluated before and after 12 weeks of empagliflozin addition. Patients who developed urinary tract and genital infections after treatment were recorded. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant decrease in HbA1c in both groups after empagliflozin treatment (Group 1, p<0.001 and Group2, p=0.001). When the lipid profile was evaluated, no significant difference was found between basal and post-treatment parameters (p>0.05). Patients in Group 1 and Group 2 lost 2.6±1.2 and 3.8±2.0 kg of body weight, respectively (p<0.0001 for each). There were also significant reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure for groups 1 and 2 (p<0.0001 for each). Although there was a numerical increase in the urinary tract and genital infections in both groups after empagliflozin treatment, there was no statistically significant difference compared to the pre-treatment period (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Two doses of empagliflozin added to the present treatments showed a dose-independent improvement in glycemic control and a neutral effect on lipid metabolism.


Previous studies on the relationship between exchange rates and traded goods prices typically find evidence of incomplete pass-through, usually explained by pricing-to-market behaviour. Although economic theory predicts that incomplete pass-through may also be linked to presence of non-tariff barriers to trade, variables reflecting such a link is rarely included in existing empirical models. In this paper, we estimate a pricing-to-market model for Norwegian import prices on textiles and wearing apparels, controlling explicitly for the removal of non-tariff barriers to trade and the shift in imports from high-cost to low-cost countries through a Tornqvist price index based measure of foreign prices. We show that this measure of foreign prices unlike standard measures used in the literature is likely to produce unbiased estimates of the degree of pass-through, and thereby also the extent of pricing-to-market behaviour. Finally, we demonstrate that the estimated import price equation is reasonably stable and exhibits no serious forecasting failures. These findings contradict the hypothesis that pass-through has changed alongside trade policy shifts during the second half of the 1990s and the monetary policy regime shift in 2001.


** John Pike is Associate Director for Space Policy at the Federation of American Scientists, and Convenor of the Space Policy Working Group.


Assuming that the background geometry is filled with a free gas consisting of matter and radiation and that no phase transitions are occurring in the early universe, we discuss the thermodynamics of this closed system using classical approaches. We find that essential cosmological quantities, such as the Hubble parameter H, scale factor a, and curvature parameter k, can be derived from this simple model. On one hand, it obeys the laws of thermodynamics entirely. On the other hand, the results are compatible with the Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker model and the Einstein field equations. The inclusion of a finite bulk viscosity coefficient derives important changes in all of these cosmological quantities. The thermodynamics of the viscous universe is studied and a conservation law is found. Accordingly, our picture of the evolution of the early universe and its astrophysical consequences seems to be the subject of radical revision. We find that the parameter k, for instance, strongly depends on the the...


In the early of 21st century, the globalization of economy and the development of science and technology, China's entering WTO, especially the target of constructing the overall well -to -do society makes not only the challenge, but also the opportunity to the development of vocational education.So vocational education should take market as guidance to establish vocational education system and teaching system, regard the vocational education in western and rural area as the key to construct vocational education system through lifelong and develop amount of labourer with high quality.


Atom transfer radical polymerization using activators generated by electron transfer (AGET ATRP) of acrylonitrile (AN) initiated by ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate was approached for the first time using 1,1,4,7,10,10-hexamethyltriethylenetetramine (HMTETA) and 1,1,4,7,7-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) as both ligand and reducing agent. AGET ATRP of AN with HMTETA as both ligand and reducing agent was better controlled than with PMDETA as both ligand and reducing agent under the same experimental conditions. With an increase content of HMTETA, the polymerization provided an accelerated reaction rate and a broader polymer molecular weight distribution. The rate of polymerization with DMF as solvent was faster than with acetonitrile, cyclohexanone, toluene, and xylene as solvents. The polymerization apparent activation energy was calculated to be 45.7 kJ mol ―1 . The end functionality of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was confirmed by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. The living feature of PAN was verified by chain extensions of PAN with methyl methacrylate and AN.


Stonecutting treatises, from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment, classify dressing methods in two broad areas. Both are named main]y after masons' too]s: the square -equarrissement, escuadria, derobement, robos- and the template -panneaux, plantas. However, the significance of these categories Jies mostly in the geometrical notions they stand for; the square is applied when tracings make use of the orthographic projection, usualJy double, whereas the template is used where geometrical constructions provide true-size representations of the sides of the dressed stones. Thus, both methods are re]ated to key concepts in Descriptive Geometry, the doub]e


Color Transformation of image is modify the color of image in the another one. Till yet many researchers did work in this field to enhance images for the people suffering from color blindness and to enhance image contrast. Many methods are used to transfer the color of image and color blind viewers are enhancing the image contrast and differentiate those colors. These methods Linear Color Transformation PSO, daltonization are used and make a optimize color table that are taking more time .Here we are going to propose the BFO technique and optimize color table with BFO for the given number of generations. Using BFO makes color transform table more accurately rather than the normal morphological and mathematical based approaches and reduce the processing time.


Modern liberal democracies demand high and equal levels of political action. Unequal levels of political action between ideological groups may ultimately lead to biased policy. But to what extent do citizens' ideological preferences affect their likelihood to participate politically? And does the institutional environment moderate this relationship? From rivaling theories, the authors construct hypotheses regarding the relationship between ideological preferences and participation and those regarding the moderating effect of state institutions. They test them for six modes of political action—voting, contacting, campaigning, cooperating, persuading, and protesting—through multilevel analyses of 27 elections in 20 Western democracies. First, they find that citizens' ideological preferences are an important determinant political action. Second, they find that majoritarianism outperforms consensualism: In majoritarian systems, political action is more widespread and not less equal across the crucial factor of ideological preferences. The field should therefore reconsider Lijphart's conclusions about the superiority of consensualism.


Seed storage is the important part of quality seed production attempts and it is hoped will keep seed quality for such periode in storage. Biotic factor which hugely role in damage and decrease of quality seed corn for storaging is post-harvest pests, espescially corn weevil Sitophilus spp. The study was aimed to know the effects of some formulations and doses of fragrant root and citronella grass to corn weevil Sitophilus spp. and the corn seed in storage. Fragrant root and citronella grass at doses 5-20% in solution (extract) formulation had contact and feed toxicity to corn weevil Sitophilus spp., otherwise in powder and original (non extract) formulation just had feed toxicity. Fragrant root and citronella grass at doses 5-20% in various formulation could depress the population of Sitophilus spp., but the fragrant root caused higher mortality than the citrobella grass, and at the dose 20% could give highest mortality than the 5% and 10%. Application of fragrant root and citronella grass at doses 5-20% in all of the formulations (original, solution and powder) could decrease the lost weight of corn seed, but did not influence the growth potential of corn seed. Key words : corn seed, Sitophilus spp., fragrant root, citronella grass


Instructors of on-the-job training, teachers of special disciplines at institutions of primary and secondary vocational training institutions of Murmansk Region often express negative attitude to innovations being devoted to the same old way, however, the so-called Russian system of vocational training was formed under the influence of the world experience. The article presents an analysis of integration processes' influence on the development of vocational training in Russia in different historic periods and proves a positive innovative nature of such influence.


(2007). Arginine-to-lysine substitutions influence recombinant horseradish peroxidase stability and immobilisation effectiveness. Abstract. Background: Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) plays important roles in many


Indirect adaptive controller based on a self-structuring fuzzy system for nonlinear modeling and control In this paper, a unified nonlinear modeling and control scheme is presented. A self-structuring Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model is used to approximate the unknown nonlinear plant based on I/O data collected on-line. Both the structure and the parameters of the T-S fuzzy model are updated by an on-line clustering method and a recursive least squares estimation (RLSE) algorithm. The rules of the fuzzy model can be added, replaced or deleted on-line to allow a more flexible and compact model structure. The overall controller consists of an indirect adaptive controller and a supervisory controller. The former is the dominant controller, which maintains the closed-loop stability when the fuzzy system is a good approximation of the nonlinear plant. The latter is an auxiliary controller, which is activated when the tracking error reaches the boundary of a predefined constraint set. It is proven that global stability of the closed-loop system is guaranteed in the sense that all the closed-loop signals are bounded and simulation examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.


A major trend in the software industry in general is the adoption of object-oriented (00) technology (increasingly being referred to simply as object technology). In 1992, standards committees began to formulate industry-wide standards to assist in the promulgation of 'acceptable practices' throughout the industry. These standards, once formulated and accepted, will cover the underlying object model through to recommendations for development methodologies and good software engineering practices. The application and applicability of object-oriented techniques to the water industry is considered in the context of these forming future standards using, as an illustrative example, an overview of a simulation model for wastewater treatment plants: a project which has contributed significantly to the software industry's understanding of object technology.


In this paper, a photovoltaic (PV) array is interfaced to a three-phase distribution network. A three-leg voltage source converter (VSC) is used for injecting power to the utility. The PV array is connected to DC bus capacitor of VSC. The maximum power is harvested from the PV array, by generating a reference DC bus voltage, making the use of an incremental conductance (INC) derived MPPT technique. A tapped delay continuous time least mean square (TDCTLMS) based control scheme, is utilized to estimate switching pulses for the VSC switches. For improvement in system response to abrupt changes in irradiance, and grid voltage variations, the control includes a PV feed-forward term. The response is evaluated on an experimental prototype, for balanced and unbalanced nonlinear loads, and dynamic conditions of irradiance variations, and abrupt load unbalancing. The PV system demonstrates the additional functions of correction of power factor, grid currents balancing, and harmonics currents mitigation to within the IEEE 519 standard.


Code-switching so commonly occurs in communication that it has become a hot research topic among linguists home and abroad in the field of sicio-linguistics.This paper aims at explaining why the Chinese-English code-switching is so widely used and what roles it plays in the newspaper and magzines,and also pointing out that the authors should avoid abusing code-switching in newspaper and magzines.Code-switching should be scientifically treated while it is practised in newspaper and magazines.


The discovery of novel by-product feeds for animals, especially cattle, supports an economically viable agricultural community and enhanced stability in the United States food chain. By-products of livestock processing (in this case, paunch manure, or rumen content) could provide the tools necessary to achieve this goal. Paunch manure, the material from ruminant stomachs at the time of harvest, is a waste product of the meat industry and represents a final loss due to cost of disposal. Our objective in this study was to determine the microbial content of fresh versus dried paunch manure in an effort to assess viability as a potential feed source. Fresh paunch manure was collected from cattle at a local abattoir and immediately homogenized for microbial plating. One milliliter of decanted paunch manure was plated on specialized film for determination of colony counts from Enterobacteriaceae, coliform-forming bacteria, Eschericia coli, Salmonella, and yeast and mold. Plates were incubated at 36°C for 24 ± 2 hours. Data were analyzed as a random effects model using PROC MIXED of SAS v. 9.4. In the wet paunch, E. coli had a mean colony count of 3, coliform bacteria of 53, yeast and mold of 0, and Enterobacteriaceae were too numerous to count. In the dry paunch, E. coli had a mean colony count of less than 1, coliform bacteria of 52, yeast and mold of 0, and Enterobacteriaceae less than 1. Source of paunch contributed a majority to the total variance in all instances of the random effects models. Results are interpreted to mean that, given the drastic reduction in microbial loads, paunch manure may represent a viable feedstock for further testing and development.


The massive debt burden of Pakistan calls for a detailed analysis of trends in the foreign debt levels, its causative factors and implications for economic growth. The present study is an attempt to analyze the relationship between external debt and exchange rate, fiscal deficit and deterioration of terms of trade for the period 1974-2008. Using Johansen approach, the study found significant long-run relationship between external debt and exchange rate and deterioration of terms of trade. The results of the study revealed that fiscal deficit had no significant impact on external debt. In the short-run all the variables failed to establish relationship with external debt. However, the existence of long-run causality was observed and three channels of uni-directional causalities were found actively running from (i) fiscal deficit to external debt, (ii) terms of trade to exchange rate, and (iii) fiscal deficit to terms of trade. Diagnostic test confirmed the validity of the model and CUSUM and CUSUMSQ test revealed the stability of the model.


The Teak defoliator, (Hyblaea puera) is the most serious pest of Teak in Sri Lanka causing severe annual defoliation. Teak plants may sustain considerable growth loss due to the loss of foliage and reduced vigour. Rearing this insect in the laboratory is essential for conducting studies on control strategies. The experience gained by maintaining culture in the laboratory for several generations of the insect's life has been used to produce some guidelines for successfully maintaining a laboratory culture. The method of field collection, rearing in the laboratory, implements, tools, the problems arising when long term culturing and possible solutions are discussed.


Background: The impairment of glucose homeostasis are known to be attributed to the alterations of the four factors: first, second insulin secretion (FPIS, SPIS, respectively), glucose effectiveness (GE) and insulin resistance (IR). Objective: Older women were enrolled to investigate the relationships of the four factors with T2DM. Designs: A cross-sectional study. Settings: MJ Health Screening Center in Taiwan Patients and Methods: They were divided into normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and T2DM groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed and two models were built: Model 1: FPIS + GE and, Model 2: FPIS + GE + SPIS. Main Outcome Measures: The area under ROC curve (AUC) was used to predict type 2 DM. Sample Size: 644 non-obese women. Results: The AUC of SPIS was significantly higher than the diagonal line followed by GE and FPIS. Model 2 had the greatest AUC (0.968). An equation was built (-0.012-FPIS – 1003.9-GE – 119.4-SPIS + 20.7). It could predict the chance of having T2D with a sensitivity = 94.2% and specificity = 86.4%. Conclusions: SPIS is the most important contributor for T2DM in older women. The equation built from this model composed of FPIS, SPIS and GE could predict T2DM accurately.


We analyze transfer characteristic mismatches of sample-and-hold circuits in time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters and show their intrinsic connection to aperture delay mismatches. Both cause linear-phase mismatches, i.e., timing mismatches, which significantly degrade the signal-to-noise ratio. Based on our analysis, we introduce a novel power-saving method to correct timing mismatches among the channels by tuning the transfer characteristics of the sample-and-holds. Simulation results confirm the prospects of the presented method.


This paper describes a robust feedback technique involving novel fixed-time-convergent sliding mode technology (NFTCSMT) using improved quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) to obtain high-performance renewable energy inverters. Customary SMT encounters long time convergence towards the origin and the influence of the dithering. The NFTCSMT can rapidly impel system-following movement to approach the sliding manifold and effectively accelerate the convergence speed to equilibrium states. However, the NFTCSMT cannot easily select the global optimum of the controller parameters subject to large parameter changes and nonlinear interventions, leading to the dither phenomenon/steady-state error still being caused. The dither inflicts decreased control accuracy, high voltage harmonics, major harm in relation to switching components, and great thermal losses in power electronic converters. The improved QPSO including the unique property of a random compression/expansion factor is used to find optimal parameters of the NFTCSMT in practical applications, for the reason that it importantly mitigates the dither and amends convergent speed as well as guaranteeing global convergence. The presented alliance amid NFTCSMT and improved QPSO achieves faster response time and singularityless, and also yields high-accuracy tracking and dither attenuation. The robust stability using Lyapunov theorem of the suggested system has provided precise mathematical derivations. Simulations show that the suggested controller offers less than 0.1% voltage THD (total harmonic distortion) which exceeds IEEE standard 519 under heavily distorted rectifier loads, and less than 10% voltage dip which surpasses IEEE standard 1159 during step load transients. Experimental tests of an algorithmically controlled laboratory prototype (1 kW, 110 Vrms/60 Hz) of a renewable energy inverter (REI) based on digital signal processing manifest less than 0.05% voltage THD in the face of great inductor-capacitor alterations, and less than 10% voltage dip in the face of transient load scenarios.


Resistance dividers, capacitance dividers, shunts, termination resistors, and multi-coupling devices have been developed to use with triaxial cable during EMI, LVI, and transient potential measurements. Arcing disconnects switches - back-to-back switching of shunt capacitor produce EMI voltages, intercept potential on fences and ground mat potential rise. Circuits used to measure these voltages and a method to measure ground mat surge impedance is summarized in this report.


1 International trade, as a major factor of openness, has a significant contribution to economic growth, especially nowadays when globalization is becoming a widespread phenomenon. Country's trade openness can be analyzed from one side by the impact of our revenue growth, which will influence the growth of domestic demand for imported goods and from the other side the revenue growth of other countries which will affect the growth of imported goods and thus in the growth of exports of analyzing country. Exports impact is very important to be treated combined with exchange rate, as another indicator of international competitiveness of countries goods.


In the proposed paper the influence of motor aspirated psychrometer on calibration process is investigated. Proper humidity measurement with psychrometer requires sample gas stream of sufficient velocity in order to achieve accurate measurements. For this reason modern psychrometer typically have integrated aspiration motor to assure such gas stream over the thermometer, which is enclosed by a wet wick (wet thermometer). The wick has to be maintained in a wet condition, which causes evaporation and consequently the unwanted humidification of the air being measured, especially in a closed humidity chamber or humidity generator. Different psychrometers were tested in a humidity test chamber in order to estimate the level of such humidification. The results are summarised in the paper. In addition, special considerations are addressed regarding the calibration of motor aspirated psychrometer in closed calibration environment.


Electric slag cleaning furnaces have generally suff ered high rates of refractory wear in the area of the lower sidewalls that are in contact with slag. Campaign lives of around 12 months are quite common. Repairing and relining the furnace often in volves a complete cool-down, stripping out the worn refractory, installing new bricks, re-heating and bringing the furnace back into service. This has typically taken up to 30 days each year and req uires alternate arrangements be made to handle the primary slag. Following successful trial work involving the insta llation of test Composite Furnace Modules in the sidewall of the copper slag-cleaning furnace at Oly mpic Dam, including an element that was operated as a slag taphole, a decision was made to install a full Composite Furnace Module lining in the lower sidewall area of the furnace. The elements were designed to extend from the skewback brick in the furnace hearth, to a height of 1610 mm above the skewback. The design included three slag tapholes and three blister copper tapholes. The slag taphole design was helped by the earlier trial reported previously [1]. Seventeen months into the campaign the CFM's are performing satisfactorily, with evidence that they have achieved equilibrium and should continue to perform well for some years to come.


legal relationship between the governments of member and non-member States and the International Tin Council is also in need of clarification, in light of the 1985/1986 crisis. In an otherwise interesting and informative section on the role of committees, in the chapter on executive functions, the cursory reference to COREPER gives a quite inadequate impression of the key role which this Committee and its growth of subcommittees plays in EEC policy and law-making processes. Emphasis is rightly placed on non-judicial procedures, particularly consultation, negotiation and conciliation, in the resolution of international economic disputes. Dr Kohona also stresses the crucial importance of consent, if not of consensus, in all aspects of the operation of international economic arrangements. Hence, as he points out, the minimal resort to sanctions to enforce obligations, the instances of settlements amounting to compromises ignoring the strict "letter of the law", and the use of extended prior consultation to reach general accord in developing new rules, even where the possibility exists of lawmaking by majority vote. The operation of the EEC, with its much greater legal content, its highly refined system of judicial review, the procedure for obtaining preliminary rulings, and the almost routine occurrence of actions against defaulting Member States, stands out in marked contrast to most other existing arrangements. Altogether this study, which was based on the author's doctoral thesis, offers a clear and balanced review of its subject, and deserves to go into future editions to keep up with the ever-growing developments in the legal regulation of international economic matters. It has a fairly full bibliography (English language items only), and is quite well produced, but several typographical errors remain. The cover price is far too high and one can only plead for a soft cover version to be offered in the near future.


The present invention relates to an eco-friendly snail control agent composition and a control method therefor. In conventional chemical pesticides, there have been problems of resistance and residual toxicity in crops. In order to solve these problems, the present invention provides a control agent composition comprising: tea saponin, a camellia seed extract safe to man and beast, soil, and environment; and a copper compound. The control agent treatment according to the present invention provides a quick and excellent control effect due to a knockdown phenomenon of snails. In addition, the control composition according to the present invention provides a resistance-free control composition for controlling apple snails in a rice field and a simple apple-snail control method.


Aim of this paper is to define a new statistical framework to identify central modules in Gaussian Graphical Models (GGMs) estimated by gene expression data measured on a sample of patients with negative molecular response to Imatinib. Imatinib is a drug used to treat certain types of cancer that inmany medical studies has been reported to have a significant clinic effect on chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase as well as in blast crisis. For centralmodule in a GGM we intend a module containing genes that are defined differentially expressed.


This leaflet presents knowledge about earthworms and their impact on soil structure, based on research projects conducted in Norway. Target group : Farmers and gardeners.


The gene rbcL in the Chlamydomonas chloroplast codes for a mRNA of about 1.6 kb including a 5`UnTranslated Region (5`UTR) of 92 bp.The beginning of the 5`UTR has two stem-loops as part of its secondary structure. A 10-nucleotide element found to be crucial for transcript stability lies at the base in between these two stem-loops. Addition of nucleotides to the 5`terminus of rbcL transcripts has in some cases made the transcript unstable depending both on the number and type of nucleotides added. In this study a 19 nucleotide sequence was added to the 5`terminus of the rbcL 5`UTR in a chimeric reporter gene construct to study its effect on RNA stability.The 19 added nucleotides were not predicted to fold into any secondary structure or to influence folding of the original 5`terminus in any way. Due to the added nucleotides accumulation of transcripts was completely abolished suggesting that transcripts became susceptible to RNase attacks


Trust is generally acknowledged to play an important role in our interactions with other people and, as we will argue, also with systems. Presumably, however, the antecedents of the trust vested by one person in another vary, at least to some extent, with the duration and the intensity of the relation. Someone buying his or her first car, for example, will have little to go on when judging the trustworthiness of the salesperson, whereas someone who buys a new car at that particular sales point once every couple of years may have a more sizeable information pool to draw from.


Details of some of the different storms and floods that struck Australia since 1893 are discussed. The impact of the floods and number of people that were affected are highlighted.