ions, because their kingdom is not of this world, they alone in times of division and calamity and shortsighted passion can keep the flame alive. Thus do they unintentionally serve the state. So far as they are concerned their beneficence is quite adventitious, their service supererogatory. For they do not live to serve humanity but to serve their masterful and inhuman passion; by serving that faithfully they save the world. Let them continue to think and feel, watching, untroubled, the cloudless heavens, till men, looking up from their beastly labours, again catch sight of the unchanging stars. Mens equa in arduis: calm and unconcerned in the hurricane: the mind set steadily on indestructible things: that, I think, is how it should be in these days with artists and philosophers. When the Roman soldiers entered Syracuse they found Archimedes absorbed in a mathematical problem. He never raised his head and they killed him where he sat. I want to save those nice, cultivated people who go about saying that this is no time for art from doing some harm and making themselves ridiculous. To them, not to the artists, is my mission. They are in danger of becoming coarse and absurd and of saying things that their enemies will never allow them to forget. They are not formidable: besides, art is fearless. For art cannot die; neither can the desire for art. If history teaches nothing else worth remembering it teaches that. Artists will create though they must starve for it and art we will have though our days be numbered. Artists and those who care for art may be a mere handful in the human mass, but theirs is the passionate faith that conquers somehow in spite of battles and holds the world in fee. Art survives: the state of this chilly quarrelsome little planet has never grown so desperate that artists have lost


Investigating the sources and impacts of air pollution in Asian megacities Dr Jacqui Hamilton, University of York Abstract: Exposure to poor air quality is the top environmental risk factor of premature mortality globally with an estimated 4 million premature deaths in 2015 from long-term exposure to current levels. Coronary heart disease and strokes are the most common reasons for premature deaths due to air pollution, with other impacts including increases in respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The most damaging air pollutant to health is particulate matter (PM). The International Agency for Cancer Research (IARC) has recently classified air pollution as a known carcinogen (group 1), with particle pollution being most closely associated with increased cancer rates. The very high levels of particulate matter experienced in Asian megacities, such as Beijing in China and Delhi in India, have been widely publicized in the news and Governments are taking action to improve air quality. The Air Pollution and Human Health in a Developing Megacity program, is a collaboration between NERC, the Medical Research Council, Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) in China, and the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) and Department of Biotechnology (DBT) in India. This talk will introduce the program objectives and highlight some of the initial findings. In both locations, ozone and particulate matter concentrations were found to exceed threshold values, providing an opportunity to study emission sources and the impact of local and regional chemistry on air quality in a polluted megacity. Exposure to poor air quality is the top environmental risk factor of premature mortality globally with an estimated 4 million premature deaths in 2015 from long-term exposure to current levels. Coronary heart disease and strokes are the most common reasons for premature deaths due to air pollution, with other impacts including increases in respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The most damaging air pollutant to health is particulate matter (PM). The International Agency for Cancer Research (IARC) has recently classified air pollution as a known carcinogen (group 1), with particle pollution being most closely associated with increased cancer rates. The very high levels of particulate matter experienced in Asian megacities, such as Beijing in China and Delhi in India, have been widely publicized in the news and Governments are taking action to improve air quality. The Air Pollution and Human Health in a Developing Megacity program, is a collaboration between NERC, the Medical Research Council, Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) in China, and the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) and Department of Biotechnology (DBT) in India. This talk will introduce the program objectives and highlight some of the initial findings. In both locations, ozone and particulate matter concentrations were found to exceed threshold values, providing an opportunity to study emission sources and the impact of local and regional chemistry on air quality in a polluted megacity. Assessing New Delhi's vehicle emissions using remote sensing techniques Prof James Lee, University of York Abstract: Understanding how vehicles emit pollution under 'real-world' drive conditions, is crucial if correct legislative policies are to improve air quality, in megacities such as New Delhi. Presented here are remote sensing measurements, obtained during the DelhiFLUX field campaign, focused on assessing New Delhi's fleet characteristics. The University of Denver's Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test (FEAT) instrument gives a direct spectroscopic assessment of key atmospheric pollutants (NO2, NO, NH3, CO, CO2, SO2 & HCs) emitted from a vehicle under 'real-world' driving conditions. Hundreds of unique vehicles were assessed during the campaign, giving an in-depth characterisation of emissions across the vehicle fleet (e.g. passenger cars, taxis, vans and HGVs). Average tailpipe NOx emissions were found to be a factor of two lower than vehicles measured in London during a similar study in 2018. CO and total hydrocarbons (HCs) emissions, on the other hand, were found to be scientifically higher in New Delhi. By understanding which vehicles contribute most to overall emissions, better controls can be put in place to directly target these vehicles to reduce their impact on the cities air quality. Understanding how vehicles emit pollution under 'real-world' drive conditions, is crucial if correct legislative policies are to improve air quality, in megacities such as New Delhi. Presented here are remote sensing measurements, obtained during the DelhiFLUX field campaign, focused on assessing New Delhi's fleet characteristics. The University of Denver's Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test (FEAT) instrument gives a direct spectroscopic assessment of key atmospheric pollutants (NO2, NO, NH3, CO, CO2, SO2 & HCs) emitted from a vehicle under 'real-world' driving conditions. Hundreds of unique vehicles were assessed during the campaign, giving an in-depth characterisation of emissions across the vehicle fleet (e.g. passenger cars, taxis, vans and HGVs). Average tailpipe NOx emissions were found to be a factor of two lower than vehicles measured in London during a similar study in 2018. CO and total hydrocarbons (HCs) emissions, on the other hand, were found to be scientifically higher in New Delhi. By understanding which vehicles contribute most to overall emissions, better controls can be put in place to directly target these vehicles to reduce their impact on the cities air quality. Personal air pollution exposure assessment of rural and urban residents in Beijing Dr Lia Chatzidiakou and the AIRLESS team, University of Cambridge Abstract: Large-scale population studies have associated exposure to air pollution with cardiovascular and lung diseases, which are the primary causes of mortality and morbidity in the developed world, and their rates are accelerating rapidly across the developing nations. However, those large-scale epidemiological cohorts employ outdoor air quality measurements with low spatial and temporal resolution that do not capture the high granularity of total personal exposure. As a result, exposure misclassification of air pollution remains the biggest limitation of epidemiological research preventing the discipline to move from general associations to specific ones introducing both bias and error in health estimations. Taking advantage of rapid advancements in air pollution sensing technologies, highly portable air pollution monitors were deployed in a cardio-pulmonary cohort of 250 participants residing in urban and peri-urban Beijing. Thanks to their significantly reduced costs, smaller size and fast-response, the monitors can increase personal exposure data coverage in space, time, and pollutant type with a much higher degree of fidelity than was previously possible. The high portability and accuracy of operation of the personal monitors can revolutionise epidemiological research by providing exposure metrics at the population scale to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the effects of air pollution on health. Large-scale population studies have associated exposure to air pollution with cardiovascular and lung diseases, which are the primary causes of mortality and morbidity in the developed world, and their rates are accelerating rapidly across the developing nations. However, those large-scale epidemiological cohorts employ outdoor air quality measurements with low spatial and temporal resolution that do not capture the high granularity of total personal exposure. As a result, exposure misclassification of air pollution remains the biggest limitation of epidemiological research preventing the discipline to move from general associations to specific ones introducing both bias and error in health estimations. Taking advantage of rapid advancements in air pollution sensing technologies, highly portable air pollution monitors were deployed in a cardio-pulmonary cohort of 250 participants residing in urban and peri-urban Beijing. Thanks to their significantly reduced costs, smaller size and fast-response, the monitors can increase personal exposure data coverage in space, time, and pollutant type with a much higher degree of fidelity than was previously possible. The high portability and accuracy of operation of the personal monitors can revolutionise epidemiological research by providing exposure metrics at the population scale to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the effects of air pollution on health. Direct measurements of pollutant emissions above megacities Dr Eiko Nemitz, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Edinburgh Abstract: Predictions of air quality and air pollution impacts typically rely on numerical atmospheric chemistry and transport models. The performance of such model is never better than the underlying estimates of the emissions. Diffuse sources such as represented by urban megacity areas are usually estimated through bottom-up emission inventories, where activity figures (e.g. vehicle kilometres driven in each 1 km grid cell) are combined with emission factors (e.g.: grams of NO2 emitted per vehicle kilometre driven), which are often derived under non-representative (laboratory) conditions. As a result, emission inventories are subject to considerable uncertainty. Predictions of air quality and air pollution impacts typically rely on numerical atmospheric chemistry and transport models. The performance of such model is never better than the underlying estimates of the emissions. Diffuse sources such as represented by urban megacity areas are usually estimated through bottom-up emission inventories, where activity figures (e.g. vehicle kilometres driven in each 1 km grid cell) are combined with emission factors (e.g.: grams of NO2 emitted per vehicle kilometre driven), which are often derived under non-representativ


Intergeneric hybridizations were carried out between Roegneria ciliaris(2n=4x=28,StY) and Leymus multicaulis(2n=4x=28,NsXm).Hybrids were obtained successfully.Chromosome pairing at matephase F1 of pollen mother cells(PMCs) in two hybrids of R.ciliaris×L.multicaulis was quite low with average values of 1.04 and 2.09 bivalents per cell and an average of 1.50 and 4.50 chiasmata per cell,with C-values of 0.05 and 0.16,respectively.The results indicate that the StY genome of Roegneria is not closely related to the NsXm genome of Leymus,and Roegneria is distantly related to Leymus.


LAMINATED SYSTEM GLASS ETOU CERAMIC PROVIDING RADIATION PROTECTION MICROWAVE. SYSTEM FEUILLETE PROTECTION MICROWAVE CONTAINS BETWEEN AT LEAST ONE SUPPORT PLATE 1 AND COVER PLATE 4 GLASS IN VITRO-CERAMIC ETOU, SCREEN 2 METAL WATERPROOF MICROWAVE, GLUE THESE PLATES, SCREEN EXCESS METAL SYSTEM WAY TO POWER pUFF BE ASSEMBLE A FRAME OUTSIDE IN A WAY TIGHT MICROWAVE . THE INVENTION IS HOME ITS APPLICATION IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LIGHTS FOR OVENS MICROWAVE.


Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of anterior and posterior interbody fusion cage implantation combined with posterior pedicle screw system in treating lumbar spondylolisthesis.Methods This retrospective study analysis was performed for the outcome of 43 patients with single level spondylolisthesis.All the patients were divided randomly into two groups: anterior lumbar fusion cage combined with posterior pedicle screw system(group A) was performed in 17 patients,and posterior lumbar interbody fusion cage combined with posterior pedicle screw system(group B) was performed in 26 patients.The two groups were compared for operation duration,amount of bleeding,JOA scoring,fusion rate and complication.Results Operation duration,amount of bleeding in group B were less than those of group 1(P0.05 for both).There was no significant difference between the two groups in the therapeutic effect(JOA score) and radiographic fusion rate(P0.05).There was no leakage of cerebrospinal fluid,great blood vessel injury,nerve injury,retrogression ejaculation and impotency in group A.There was 5 got leakage of cerebrospinal fluid and 7 got nerve root traction injury in group B.Conclusions Both the operations are effective for lumbar spondylolisthesis.Comparing with posterior approach,the disadvantages of anterior approach are more complicated and more tissue trauma.And posterior approach has more risk of spinal dura mater and nerve injury than anterior approach.The technique used should conform to the type and extent of spondylolisthesis and the experience of operators.


This paper addressed a fractal evolution of 11 one-month lasting MHz electromagnetic disturbances, recorded in Greece prior to nine significant earthquakes of 2009. Time-space wavelet-based power spectral techniques were employed in the analysis. All investigated signals evolved naturally to epochs of fractal organization in space and time. Continuous organization was detected in seven signals. Significant number of successive () power-law -values were observed lying between 1.5 and 3.0 or above. The majority of fractal segments exhibited anti-persistent () or persistent () behaviour. Switching between persistency and anti-persistency was also found. Locality and sensitivity were traced. Findings were considered indicative of self-organized critical states of the last stages of preparation of the investigated earthquakes. Results implied fractional Brownian modelling. Explanations were proposed in view of the asperity model. Persistent–anti-persistent MHz anomalies were due to self-organized micro-cracking of the heterogeneous medium of the earth's crust which may have led the system's evolution towards global failure. The precursory value of the signals was discussed.


This paper examines the new configurations in global relations and the centrality of knowledge as the emerging currency in that relationship. Taking into account the vacuum created by the collapse of the Soviet Union, and especially the subduing effect that this has had on Marxist scholars and scholarship as the once core critical paradigm, the paper argues that the 'centre-periphery' fault line and dichotomy may be far less obvious to the younger generation than to the predecessors. This has to do with the fact that on the one hand, discourses of concealment with benign exteriors have so permeated the life spaces including those in the 'periphery', making it ever more difficult to separate what is real and what is not. On the other hand, the forces of the new global economy have led to structural acquiescence of the economies of the South to the extent that one witnesses the poor countries becoming quite desperate to become, and remain, attractive to globalised capital. In the far less categorical scenar...


Abstract:In 1984, while a graduate student in mathematics and in the relatively new Computer Science Department at the University of California at Berkeley, Fritz Kunze founded Franz, Inc. along with a few fellow students and one professor. Their mission was to commercialize a programming language known as Lisp (originally LISP for LISt Processor), which for a moment in time was the most widely used in the world for artificial intelligence and expert system applications.


We report the results of our Chandra observations of six QSOs at z ∼ 3 from the Palomer Transit Grism Survey. Our primary goal is to investigate the possible systematic change of αox between z > 4 and z ∼ 3, between which a rapid rise of luminous QSO number density with cosmic time is observed. The summed spectrum showed a power-law spectrum with a photon index of Γ ≈ 1.9, which is similar to other unabsorbed active galactic nuclei. Combining our z ∼ 3 QSOs with X-ray observations of QSOs at z > 4 from literature or archives, we find a correlation of αox with optical luminosity. This is consistent with the fact that the luminosity function slope of the luminous end of the X-ray-selected QSOs is steeper than that of optically selected QSOs. We discuss an upper limit to the redshift dependence of αox using a Monte Carlo simulation. Within the current statistical errors, including the derived limits on the redshift dependence of αox, we found that the behaviors of the X-ray and optically selected QSO number densities are consistent with each other.


Thank you very much for downloading electron phonon interactions in low dimensional structures. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their chosen novels like this electron phonon interactions in low dimensional structures, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful bugs inside their computer.


Today in Mongolia, maintaining and improving the quality of nursing care is one of the most important tasks of the healthcare system, however, the issue of shortage of specialists in medical institutions is no less pressing. This study aims to examine the relationship between workload, job satisfaction and motivation to leave work among nurses working in the healthcare sector in Mongolia. The study used a scale developed by Ivziku D. et al (2022) to measure workload. The Generic Job Satisfaction Scale developed by McDonald and McIntyre (1997) was used to measure job satisfaction, and motivation to leave a job was measured by Liu H.L. et al (2018, 2019) with using the intention to leave scale. The study randomly selected 185 nurses from 279 pediatric nurses working in Ulaanbaatar. Subsequently, the reliability and correlation analysis of the metric variables was conducted and the results were obtained using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results of this study showed that nurses' workload has a strong negative effect on job satisfaction and a moderate effect on turnover, meaning that as job satisfaction decreases, employee motivation to quit increases.


Producing a Precision Magnetic Field in the Muon g (cid:0) 2 Experiment at Fermilab BRENDAN KIBURG, Fermilab — A new effort to measure the muon's anomalous magnetic moment is currently underway at Fermilab. The 3.6 (cid:27) discrepancy between theoretical calculations of the muon's anomalous magnetic moment and the Brookhaven E821 measurement motivates this experiment. The main systematic uncertainties are related to the detection of the decay positron produced in muon decay, and the production and measurement of the precision magnetic field in the muon storage ring. To reach the precision goal of 140 ppb, the muon g (cid:0) 2 experiment will implement several upgrades to the E821 approach and collect 20 times as many muons. This talk will give a brief overview of the experimental sta-tus. The upgrades associated with the production and measurement of the highly uniform magnetic field will be described.


John Nelson, a cartographer and specialist in data visualization, has used NASA satellite photos of Earth to create animated GIFs in which the planet seems to breathe (Nelson 2013). Seasonal cycles are compressed down to moments, green turns to brown and back to green, and snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere expands and contracts rhythmically, at about the same pace as human breathing. It is hard to watch the animations and not come away with the impression that the planet is, in some sense, alive. Of course, we all know (don't we?) that it's not really alive. But Nelson's work makes us wonder how our intuitions about this sort of thing might be influenced by spatiotemporal scale. If we could live our lives at a vastly larger spatial and temporal scale, would planet Earth seem just as obviously alive to us as any cell? Nelson's animations dispose one to look more favorably on the Gaia hypothesis. James Lovelock and Lynn Margulis teamed up in the early 1970s to defend and promote the Gaia hypothesis (Lovelock and Margulis 1974). Lovelock was a chemist and inventor with wide scientific interests who at the time was probably best known for developing the electron capture device. Margulis, a biologist, was known for her theory that eukaryotic cells first formed when some prokaryotes swallowed up others with which they had a symbiotic relationship. Together, Lovelock and Margulis argued that Earth is a self-regulating, homeostatic system. "Gaia" was their name for the living planetary organism. Why did the broader, nonscientific public respond so warmly to Lovelock and Margulis's idea, while much of the professional scientific community reacted so dismissively? In his new book, Michael Ruse explains the mixed reception of Lovelock and Margulis's Gaia hypothesis by giving us an intellectual history. What Ruse offers is not just a history of science, but a b o o k r e ie w s 477


A revision of a taxonomically complex group of species allied to, and including, Acacia leprosa Sieber ex DC. and A. verniciflua A.Cunn. is presented. These species predominate in temperate regions of eastern Australia. Two new species are described, A. rostriformis Maslin & D.J.Murphy and A. stictophylla Court ex Maslin & D.J.Murphy and one, A. exudans Lindl., is resurrected. Acacia leprosa is treated as a highly polymorphic species comprising five varieties, four of which are described as new, namely, A. leprosa var. uninervia Maslin & D.J.Murphy, A. leprosa var. graveolens Maslin & D.J.Murphy, A. leprosa var. magna Maslin & D.J.Murphy and A. leprosa var. crassipoda Maslin & D.J.Murphy. Acacia verniciflua is similarly variable but no formal infraspecific taxa are recognised within it. Details of phyllode anatomy and resin glands are characterised by light and electron microscopy.


Purpose: This study examined the effect of different gluten-free flours on the properties of cookies. Methods: Each gluten-free cookie was made from wheat, brown rice, buckwheat, corn, sorghum, teff, or black rice. Results: Baking loss was highest on sorghum (18.85%) and the lowest on teff (12.73%). The spread factor was highest on brown rice (8.20) and lowest on corn (7.60). The density was similar in all samples (1 g/mL). pH was the highest on buckwheat (6.45) and lowest on wheat (5.96). While L-value, a-value and b-value were lowest on black rice, the ΔE -value was the highest on black rice (35.57). The hardness was highest on wheat (30.28 N) and lowest on teff (14.87 N). The polyphenol and flavonoid content was the highest on buckwheat (25.97 µg GAE/mg) and the flavonoid content was the highest on black rice (24.33 µg QE/mg). The DPPH IC50 value was highest on wheat (352.41 µg/mL) and lowest on black rice (33.59 µg/mL). The ABTS IC 50 value was highest on wheat (349.30 µg/mL) and lowest on black rice (57.72 µg/mL). The results of the sensory properties revealed color to be highest on corn (7.33). The top grain was similar in all the samples (5.43-6.57). Flavor was highest on black rice and teff (6.43-6.48). The softness was the highest on wheat, sorghum, teff, and black rice (6.48-7.05). Sweetness was highest on sorghum, teff, and black rice (6.19-6.71). The overall preference also was highest on sorghum, teff, and black rice (6.14-6.48). Conclusion: Gluten-free flours can improve the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of cookies.


I would like to thank Dr Patel for his interest in our paper.Taking his points in turn, with regard to delivery when the first twin is in a breech presentation, I can only assume we differ in what we regard as 'compelling'. Given the results of the Term Breech Trial, the burden of proof will be to establish that the results do not apply to twins. As elaborated in our paper, such observational data as exist suggest better outcome with caesarean delivery when the first twin is presenting by the breech.


Report that provides a side-by-side comparison of every provision in the House Agriculture Committee-reported and Senate-passed farm bills with each other and with current law or policy, as amended and extended by the fiscal cliff bill.


A key input to any thermal infrared signature model is the environment, more specifically the model inputs specific to the thermal infrared background model. This paper describes a new method of analysing the climatic data for input to ShipIR. Historical hourly data from a stationary marine buoy are used to select a small number of data points (N=100) to adequately cover the range of statistics (CDF, PDF) displayed by the original data set (S=46,072). The method uses a coarse bin (1/3) to subdivide the variable space (35=243 bins), and a single-point ranking system to select individual points so that uniform coverage (1/N = 0.01) is obtained for each variable. The selected data points are used in Vaitekunas and Kim (2013) to demonstrate how the new methodology is used to provide a more rigorous and comprehensive analysis of platform IR susceptibility based on the statistics of IR detection.


Elemental composition and crystal structure of synthesized monocrystal series FexGa1-xBO3, which is model object for fundamental research of magneto-ordered state physics, was investigated. It was established that the crystal lattice parameters weakly grow with magnetic ion concentration increase.


Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a very special concrete that have inherent characteristics like a flowability, self comparability, segregation resistance and improved performance. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of specimen size on the stress strain of SCC incorporating with High Volume Fly Ash (HVFA) compared to normal concrete for different sizes of height to diameter (h/d) ratio, with the fixed diameter (d) cylinder parameter. The experimental results show that the magnitude of stresses HVFA-SCC concrete and normal concrete will decrease on higher specimen size. The maximum strain and ductility factor of HVFA-SCC concrete is greater than normal concrete.


In this paper, the Finite-Step-Integration (FSI) method, based on differential geometry theory, is proposed for solving the forward kinematics (FK) of parallel manipulators (PMs). To regard the PM's configuration intended to solve as the final-form after executing a continuous motion, and the initial-form is known absolutely. The process of the motion is segmented into finite steps, and the system of constraint equations which can be applied on any step is established and linearized according to the invariable geometric characteristics of several differential elements of the PM. Finally, the linear system can be solved via finite iterations and calculations, and the final-form can be obtained completely. The example based on 6-UPS PMs is provided to illustrated the process further, and the method is validated on correctness and accuracy by ADAMS simulation. The research results show that the FSI method is an effective tool for the PM's FK analysis. The FSI method can be applied to the majority of PMs theoretically, as well as provide references for the analyses of velocity and acceleration.


Objective To study the countermeasure of nursing after amputated digit replantation. Methods A retrospective analysis of 1976 amputated digits among 1583 cases in our hospital from January 2005 to December 2013. Results 1888 among 1976 amputated digits had a good recovery after surgery,88 amputated digits among 82 cases occurred necrosis,postoperative survival rate was 95. 5% of total( 1888 /1976); the patients with older than 60 years,long history of smoking,warm ischemia time more than 6 hours,completely amputated finger,crushing injuries,vascular thrombosis,vascular vasospasm,inappropriate finger preservation and postoperative anxiety and depression situation had lower survival rate of amputated digit replantation( P 0. 05). Conclusion Paying more attention to the patients with the risk factors, popularizing the knowledge of amputated digit,taking appropriate preoperative and postoperative nursing care were important to improve the survival rate of amputated digit replantation.


Objective:  To review the risks of placing double‐pigtail stents during pregnancy in women presenting with loin pain associated with hydronephrosis.


Text Reader for Blind Person using camera module ensuring portability is the prototype made using the Raspberry Pi 3b and Python to read the text from the handheld objects of the blind person. This paper proposes a better approach for text localization and extraction for detection of text areas in the images. The text size is an important factor whose dimension should be properly elected to make the method more general and insensitive to various font shapes and sizes. The proposed method involves four steps detection of an object, localization of the text, extraction of the text and text to speech conversion. The Region of Interest is extracted from the cluttered background and then the text localization algorithm is applied to locate and extract the text. After extracting the text from the ROI, it is converted it into speech. It works more efficiently with Optical Character Recognition. Convolutional recurrent neural network is proposed for training the words separately. The experiment and training are performed on Synth 90k word dataset. Finally using OCR and CRNN a proposed model has been developed.


The article analyzessome aspects ofthe legal provisionof cross-borderinter-municipal cooperationin the documents ofthe Council of Europeratifiedin Ukraine, which aim to achieve greater unity "between Territorial Communities or Authorities", realizing the ideals and principles which are their common heritage, in sustainable development based on a balanced relationship between social needs, economic activity and the environment plays an important social role in the cultural, ecological, environmental and social fields and constitutes a resource that promotes well-being and consolidation of the European identity.


Although the exceptional theoretical specific capacity (1672 mAh g−1) of elemental sulfur makes lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries attractive for upcoming rechargeable battery applications (e.g., electrical vehicles, drones, unmanned aerial vehicles, etc.), insufficient cycle lives of Li–S cells leave a substantial gap before their wide penetration into commercial markets. Among the key features that affect the cyclability, the shuttling process involving polysulfides (PS) dissolution is most fatal. In an effort to suppress this chronic PS shuttling, herein, a separator coated with poled BaTiO3 or BTO particles is introduced. Permanent dipoles that are formed in the BTO particles upon the application of an electric field can effectively reject PS from passing through the separator via electrostatic repulsion, resulting in significantly improved cyclability, even when a simple mixture of elemental sulfur and conductive carbon is used as a sulfur cathode. The coating of BTO particles also considerably suppresses thermal shrinkage of the poly(ethylene) separator at high temperatures and thus enhances the safety of the cell adopting the given separator. The incorporation of poled particles can be universally applied to a wide range of rechargeable batteries (i.e., metal‐air batteries) that suffer from cross‐contamination of charged species between both electrodes.


With the increasing integration of renewable energy, the problems associated with deteriorating grid frequency profile and potential power system instability have become more significant. In this paper, the inertial control algorithm using Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) is implemented on type-4 Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) - wind turbine generator (WTG). The overall nonlinear dynamic model and its small-signal linearization of PMSG-WTG using VSG is established and comprehensively analyzed. Inevitably, the direct application of VSG introduces large inertia which causes conflict between the fast-varying of available wind power and inverter control with slow dynamics, particularly in region 2 of wind turbine. Aiming to address such issue, VSG with multiple virtual rotating masses is proposed in order to improve the active power tracking performance as well as to boost inertial control of a VSG. The inertial responses are verified in a modified 10MVA IEEE 14 bus microgrid system. The assessment of the simulation results demonstrates the applicability of VSG on renewable energy generation units.


The purpose of this paper is to give a theoretical analysis for the variational variant of the Tikhonov regularization method for solving a system of nonlinear ill-posed equations in real Hilbert spaces.


Chemical vapor deposition on copper is currently one of the most prospective preparation techniques of large area graphene films. There are still many undisclosed questions regarding the growth process and its conditions. The adlayer formation belongs to those, not only because of the need of uniform monolayers, but also due to the increasing demand for high‐coverage bilayers. The combination of Raman spectroscopy, isotopic labeling and functionalization using fluorine can provide the necessary insight into the CVD growth process. The disorder degree caused by the fluorination is unambiguously distinguished by Raman mapping and evaluation of more than 1000 spectra for the individual layers, suggesting the shielding of the 13C adlayer underneath the continuous 12C top layer. High resolution Raman map of the D/G peak intensity ratio of the 12C component in the 13C/12C region of the studied isotopically labeled bilayer graphene and a scheme depicting the adlayer growth at the bottom.


ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare optic nerve head (ONH) blood flow in healthy eyes, eyes with preperimetric glaucoma (PPG), and eyes with mild normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG).Methods: In 172 eyes (normal: 44 eyes; PPG: 62 eyes; mild NTG: 66 eyes), LSFG was used to measure mean blur rate in the ONH tissue area (MBRT), an index of capillary blood flow. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine factors affecting circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (cpRNFLT), mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD) of the visual field.Results: Despite similar characteristics in age, refractive error and systemic variables among the study groups, MBRT in the normal eyes differed significantly from both the PPG and mild NTG eyes (P = 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). Multiple regression analysis revealed that MBRT was an independent factor affecting cpRNFLT, MD and PSD (P < 0.001, P = 0.001, P = 0.003, respectively).Conclusion: ONH blood flow was detectibly reduced in eyes with PPG, in close association with structural and visual field damage. This suggests that measuring ONH tissue-area blood flow with LSFG may be a useful way of monitoring glaucoma severity, even in the early stages of glaucoma.


Standard solar cells heat up under sunlight, and the resulting increased temperature of the solar cell has adverse consequences on both its efficiency and its reliability. We introduce a general approach to radiatively lower the operating temperature of a solar cell through sky access, while maintaining its sunlight absorption. We present first an ideal scheme for the radiative cooling of solar cells. For an example case of a bare crystalline silicon solar cell, we show that the ideal scheme can passively lower the operating temperature by 18.3 K. We then show a microphotonic design based on realistic material properties, that approaches the performance of the ideal scheme. We also show that the radiative cooling effect is substantial, even in the presence of significant non-radiative heat change, and parasitic solar absorption in the cooling layer, provided that we design the cooling layer to be sufficiently thin.


Abstract In the present work, the Van Leer and the Liou and Steffen Jr. flux vector splitting schemes are implemented to solve the three-dimensional Favre-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The Zhou, Davidson and Olsson, the Yoder, Georgiadids and Orkwis, and the Rumsey, Gatski, Ying and Bertelrud two-equation models are used in order to close the problem. The physical problem under study is the supersonic flow around a blunt body configuration. The results have demonstrated that the Van Leer scheme using the Yoder, Georgiadids and Orkwis turbulence model has yielded the best value of the stagnation pressure at the blunt body nose.


Vibrio harveyi is widely distributed in the marine estuarine environments and has been widely recognized as a primary pathogen of many commercially cultured invertebrate species over the world. Breeding season of spring,2011,the outbreak of mass mortality of mysis of Fenneropenaeus chinensis L. occurred in a hatchery in Lianyungang,Jiangsu Province. In this study,we isolated and identified the pathogenic bacteria,analyzed the pathogenicity of isolated strains,and detected the presence of virulence genes of isolated strains. Dominant bacteria isolated from the diseased mysis were identified based on morphological characteristics,physiological and biochemical characteristics,sequences similarity and phylogenicity analysis of the 16 S rRNA and gyrB genes. The phylogenetic trees were constructed using the neighbor-joining method,and pathogenicity of the tested strain was analyzed by bath challenge experiment on postlarvae F. chinensis and P. japonicus,and virulencegenes of isolated strains were detected by a specific PCR assay. The characteristics of identified strains( kx1-kx4) consist with V. harveyi,and the 16 S rRNA and gyrB genes of the tested strains exhibited high similarity with V. harveyi. Two strains( kx1 and kx2) were clustered with V. harveyi,which wassupported by a high bootstrap value. The tested strain( kx1) was lethal to the healthy postlarvae F.chinensis and P. japonicus with the LD50 of 2. 0 × 106 CFU /ml and 7. 0 × 105 CFU /ml,respectively.The genes( luxR,toxR,vhhA,vhhB and pap6) existed in these four strains with gene fragments were679 bp,390 bp,1324 bp,216 bp and 355 bp,respectively. These results suggested that the diseased mysis of F. chinensis were infected by V. harveyi,and the isolated four strains have the same virulence genes,which can be used as the biomarkers to detect pathogenic V. harveyi.


In recent years, tulip flowers have been grown extensively in parks and green spaces of Urmia city (NW Iran). During the surveys in a period from 2014–16, characteristic symptoms of the blue mold rot were observed on both planted and stored tulip bulbs, as the bulbs were covered with a white to bluish-green mycelia and spores. In order to determine the fungi associated with tulip bulbs (Tulipa gesneriana L.), the bulbs with characteristic rot symptoms or signs (Fig. 1a-c) were collected from different green spaces and municipal greenhouses. The fungi were isolated in two ways: First, small pieces of fungal colonies were taken with a sterile fine needle and a suspension of spores was prepared in sterile distilled water. A small aliquot of suspension was spread all over the PDA medium amended with streptomycin sulfate. Second, the bulbs were washed thoroughly under tap water, then surface sterilized in 0.5%  sodium hypochlorite solution for 10 minutes and washed for three times again with sterile distilled water. The outer parts of the bulbs were removed and small pieces were taken from the inner parts and put on PDA medium (Kim et al. 2006, Valdez et al. 2009). Petri dishes were incubated at 25±2o C in dark. The isolated fungi were purified using single spore method and the purified isolates were stored on PCA slants at 4° C. From the 40 obtained isolates, except three which were belonged to the genus Rhizopus, the remaining isolates had typical characteristics of the genus Penicillium


The characteristics of velocity fields of the external and boundary layer flows during run-up motion of a non-breaking solitary wave propagating over a 1:3 sloping beach are explored experimentally. Flow visualization technique (FVT) of particle trajectory photography and high-speed particle image velocimetry (HSPIV) were employed to qualitatively observe and quantitatively measure the macro-viewed external and micro-viewed boundary layer flow fields. The experiments were conducted in wave flume equipped with a wave maker being triggered by a precise servo-motor. The incident wave-height to water-depth ratios, H0/h0, is equal to 0.363. The slope of the sloping beach model is fixed at 1:3. Profoundly distinct characteristics of flow fields around the flow demarcation curves, as observed respectively from the macro-viewed external flow and the micro-viewed boundary layer flow, are first interpreted, together with elucidation of the flow reversal exhibiting wall-jet-like feature. A promising similarity profile of the flow reversal underlying the flow demarcation curve is proposed by selecting the characteristic length and velocity scales in the boundary layer flow. Keywords— velocity field, flow visualization, high-speed particle image velocimetry, wall jet


'Mirrors for Princes'' designates a literary genre in which political ideas are expressed in the form of advice to a ruler. This genre has its roots in Antiquity and especially in Late Antiquity. The first medieval flourishing of works of this kind dates back to the so-called Carolingian Renaissance, when the image of the ideal ruler is strongly influenced by the monastic background of most authors writing on this topic. After a long decline, John of Salisbury gave a renewed impulse to the genre, exerting a long-lasting influence with his Policraticus. In the cultural context of the twelfth century, Mirrors for Princes opened not only to the patristic heritage, but also to classical authors. Many mirrors date back to the second half of the twelfth and to the first half of the thirteenth century, when they mostly took the form of compilations. In the following period, great thinkers such as Aquinas and Giles of Rome tried to insert the newly rediscovered Aristotelian ethical and political language into the mirrors tradition. Giles's De regimine principum was the most successful and influential result of such effort. The rise of De potestate papae treatises in the first half of the fourteenth century reduced the role of Mirrors for Princes as carriers of political ideas but could not completely supersede them. On the contrary, when the heyday of De potestate papae was over, mirrors regained at least in part their function. The present article does not cover the Quattrocento: it is well known, however, that the tradition of the Mirrors continued in the Renaissance and in the following centuries. The use of the expression ''Mirrors for Princes'' to designate a literary genre goes back to German scholarship that refers with the term Fürstenspiegel to writings dealing with the virtues of the ideal ruler, with his duties and his behavior in general. The counterparts of Fürstenspiegel in other European languages, such as Miroir de princes, Specchio dei principi (and the Latin specula principum, although it is attested much later than the first examples of the genre) have also established themselves in present day scholarship. These terms can be used in a rather loose sense, referring to a very wide range of sources, even narrative or iconographic ones, or parts thereof, carrying notions concerning rulership, or in a stricter sense, limited to independent works explicitly aiming at instructing kings and lesser rulers about the virtues they should cultivate, their lifestyle, their duties, the philosophical and theological meaning of their office.Mirrors for Princes can therefore be used as a source for many purposes, from the reception of classical literary texts to the history of mentality. They usually follow standard conventions so that their teachings about royal justice, princely virtues, and the like tend to give the impression of a continuous repetition of commonplaces. This notwithstanding the genre undergoes interesting changes during the Middle Ages. This article will focus on the aspects that can be brought to bear on the history of ethics and political philosophy. Roots in Late Antiquity and in the Earliest Mediaeval Centuries It is well beyond doubt that the genre is indebted to classical works and to patristic literature as well, although there is still lively discussion among specialists about the extent and relevance of such influence. Seneca and Cicero played a very important role, but also Ambrose (De divinis officiis) and Augustine, whose chap. 24 in Book V of his City of God have been regarded as examples of Christian Mirror for Princes, obviously in a very loose sense of the expression. Martin of Braga's Formula vitae honestae, (570–579), mediated a virtue ethics strongly influenced by Cicero and Seneca, and in the Middle Ages was often referred to as a work of the latter. The discussion about De duodecim abusivis (or abusionibus) saeculi, falsely attributed to Cyprian, but now dated to the seventh century, is H. Lagerlund (ed.), Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4020-9729-4, # Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2010 Comp. by: PG2686DRajalakshmi Stage: Galleys ChapterID: 0001136893MedPhilosophy978-1-40209728-7 Date:25/2/10 Time:13:14:38 still open among scholars. It seems ascertained beyond doubt, however, that this work of Irish origin influenced, especially with its treatment of the sixth abusio (dominus sine virtute) and of the ninth (rex iniquus), later Carolingian Mirrors for Princes. Carolingian Mirrors for Princes Although some writings by Alcuin during the reign of Charles the Great already bear some essential features of the Mirrors for Princes, the first flourishing of the genre is usually dated to the ninth century, in the context of Carolingian courts. Scholars have rightly pointed out that some authors of this century draw on previous works, such as the already mentionedDe duodecim abusivis seculi. Nevertheless, Smaragd of Saint Mihiel's Via regia (813), Jonas of Orléans' De institutione regia (831), Sedulius Scottus' De rectoribus christianis (855–859), together with some works by Hincmar of Reims' (806–882) build up the first noteworthy body of texts explicitly devoted to the moral instruction of the ruler. A common feature of such treatises is the focus on the personal Christian virtues of the sovereign. They represent therefore an important source for the history of virtue ethics in the early Middle Ages, since authors such as Smaragd are persuaded that the ruler should possess the same virtues as other Christians, obviously at the highest level. A striking feature of Smaragd's mirror, is that it overlaps in part the Diadema monachorum (a sort of manual for monks) of the same author. From this point of view, Carolingian Mirrors for Princes can be regarded as a source for the ethical doctrines of the period, which are in turn heavily influenced by the monastic background of their authors. From the point of view of the history of political thought, such ''mirrors'' share the implicit assumption that the well-being of the kingdom depends almost exclusively on the moral righteousness of the ruler. As far as the relationship between the secular rulers and religious authority is concerned, the authors of such ''mirrors'' consider the king or the emperor as the highest authority of a community that is temporal and spiritual at the same time. Sacerdotium and regnum are conceived of as integral parts of a whole. Sedulius Scottus (De rectoribus christianis) defines the temporal ruler as God's vicar in his church. Notwithstanding this, as Jürgen Miethke has pointed out, authors such as Jonas of Orléans, writing in the troubled period of Louis the Pious' empire, try to draw at least some boundaries dividing the sphere belonging to the spiritual power (mainly understood as the power of bishops) from temporal jurisdiction, without excluding however, the possibility of interference. In case of necessity, for example, the temporal ruler is allowed to have recourse to church goods, but on the other hand, he should submit to the judgment of the bishop when he fails to fulfill his duties. Twelfth Century Between 1148 and 1153, Bernard of Clairvaux wrote a treatise addressed to Pope Eugenius III, the De consideratione, enlightening him not only about the duties and perils of the most important office in Christianity, but also about his view of the role of the pope in the church. Many scholars emphasize the similarities of this work to the Mirrors for Princes, describing it as a speculum paparum (mirror for popes). Bernard in fact devotes large sections of his treatise to the virtues of a good pope (the four cardinal virtues that are according to him necessarily connected), to the vices he should avoid in himself and correct in the faithful, and to the advisers he should choose, on the governance of the papal household. In addressing his advice to the pope, Bernard also expresses his ecclesiological views: on one hand, he stresses the fullness of power of the supreme pontiff, on the other, he claims that the exercise of this power should result in a service (ministerium) to the church and not in a dominion over it. In particular, the pope is morally bound to respect the rights of the local churches. Written by a cleric who had attended the French schools at the eve of the age of universities and had personal experience of life at lay and ecclesiastical courts alike, John of Salisbury's Policraticus, even though it is not only a speculum principis in the strict sense, gave a renewed impulse to the genre, as Wilhelm Berges noted in his ground breaking survey, which accordingly begins its detailed analysis with this work. Deeply indebted to the interest in the classical heritage that is peculiar to the socalled twelfth century Renaissance, John draws not only on biblical texts, such as Deut. 17 (which was to become an almost topical reference for this literary genre) but also on authors from Antiquity. The Institutio Traiani that John attributes to Plutarch and inserts in his Policraticus is a fake, but it adds a distinct classical flavor to John's political organicism, which conceived of the realm as a body. The hierarchical functionalism that is implicit in the detailed parallelism between limbs of the body and the parts of the regnum was also to exert a long lasting influence on later specula. Historians of political thought have also taken great interest in John's attitude toward unjust rulers, because he does not limit himself to contrasting the ideal ruler with the tyrant but supports the right to resist the tyrant, and even to kill him. According to some interpreters this right is, in John's mind, also a duty. John of Salisbury's impact is particularly noticeable in Helinand of 2 M Mirrors for Princes Comp. by: PG2686DRajalakshmi Stage: Galleys ChapterID: 0001136893MedPhilosophy978-1-40209728-7 Date:25/2/10 Time:13:14:39 Froidmont's work, completed before 1210. This former t


A retelling of the Cain and Abel bible story. Set in the mountains of southeastern Oklahoma, this novel follows a 10-year-old girl as her family treks across America to Indian territory and she struggles to hold them together through a mix of spite, loyalty and free will.


This is an exoskeleton (1) lower limb (2) comprising two articulated legs arranged to be coupled to lower limbs of a user, a linking member (4) between the upper ends of the legs to which it is articulated adapted to be positioned at the user's pelvis and means for actuating the articulated legs as a function of the movements of the user. The connecting member is located entirely in front of the legs articulated in the direction of travel and comprises an articulated toolholder arm (8) fixed to the connecting member (4) so centered or substantially centered with respect to the body in the plane (10) or substantially in the sagittal plane of the user.


Currently the e-commerce live streaming develops quickly, however there is little research on the user behavior in such context. Firstly, based on the TAM (task technology acceptance model, TAM), we add the potential variable perceived cost to propose the concept model with research hypotheses, in which interface features of live streaming, characteristics of live anchors, live interaction and characteristics of the live streaming platform are used as external variables. Secondly, through questionnaire survey of Taobao live streaming, 121 valid questionnaires are collected and analyzed by SPSS and AMOS to test the proposed research hypotheses. The results show that (1) users' perceived usefulness significantly affected users' attitude towards use; (2) users' perceived ease of use significantly affected users' perceived usefulness; (3) users' attitude significantly affected users' continuance intention; (4) characteristics of Taobao live streaming platform have significantly positive impacts on users' perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness; (5) the features of the live interface and anchor's factors notably affect users' perceived usefulness; (6) unexpectedly, the perceived usefulness had no significant effect on continuance intention, both the perceived ease of use and the perceived cost had no significant effect on the attitude toward use, and live interaction had no significant effect on the perceived usefulness.


Bell & Howell Information and Learning: Foreign text omitted. ... Gender in the Book of Jeremiah: A Feminist-Literary Reading, by Angela Bauer. Studies in Biblical Literature 5. New York/Bern: Peter Lang, 1999. Pp. xiv + 203. $47.95. This slim volume addresses important questions usually treated only glancingly by Jeremiah scholars, with the notable exception of Robert Carroll. Bauer employs literary and rhetorical-critical methodologies from a feminist perspective to discern how gender (mainly the female) is "inscribed" through metaphors and images of the feminine in jeremiah. Chapter 1 describes the metaphorization of Israel as faithful bride and the "pornographic representation" of Israel as promiscuous woman in Jeremiah 1-2. Bauer faults "male commentators" for not acknowledging that the image of Israel's blood-stained skirts in 2:34 resonates with undertones of Israel as sexually violated female (p. 41), a reading she offers without argumentation. In chapter 2, Bauer discusses tropes "from divorce to labor pain" in Jeremiah 3-6, proposing that the prophet "impersonates" a woman in labor (4:19a) as a means of identification with doomed Jerusalem; that this might be Zion's voice (cf. 4:31 ) is not given adequate consideration. Chapter 3 highlights women's roles in "ritual and requiem" as leaders in worship of the Queen of Heaven (7:18) and as mourners (9:16-20), setting wise women's mourning in a rather strained contrast with "male wisdom, power, and wealth" in 9:22-23: "the wisdom of the men is worthless. . . . the only wisdom left in the land is ascribed to the women who know the music of mourning" (pp. 95-97). In chapter 4 Bauer reviews more metaphors of the sexually violated woman and other negative images (e.g., mother bereaved in 15:8-9, birth cursed in 20:14-18), including the unsettling portrayal of Jeremiah as having suffered metaphorical rape himself (20:7). In chapter 5, Bauer studies eschatological motifs in Jeremiah 30-31, seizing particularly on the enigmatic ...: ("female surrounds warrior-male") of 31:22b, wherein she finds "the promise of a new creation" that "embodies the functions of female imagery in the book of Jeremiah as a whole" (p. 145). Bauer is an intelligent and attentive reader, but she supplies too little argumentation for her more innovative readings, and there are significant flaws in the theoretical underpinnings of her exegesis. Debatable assumptions are in evidence regarding how a text's surface structure might architectonically convey a deeper semantic sense; for instance, she writes of 1:5, "the sentence structure around `the womb' symbolizes the content of the call: separation, protection, and challenge . . . . The three lines shrink in length visually symbolizing a focusing on the birth of the prophet" (pp. 13-14). In fact, 1:5 is precisely not about the birth of the prophet. More attention to complex questions of how metaphor and voice function in literature would have helped situate Bauer's own approach, which presumes that the implied reader is to "identify" with figures. For example, in 3:4-5 she discerns a "rhetorical strategy" pressing "male Israel" to identify with metaphorical wife, daughter, and husband/father, thus requiring the hapless ancient reader "both to try on identification with female Israel and to resist that role at the same time" (p. …


Two new motion compensation methods for video coding are presented. The first method named motion-partitioned adaptive block matching algorithm (MPA-BMA) uses motion boundary information as the sub-dividing or merging criteria to form variable-size matching blocks. The second method named predictive block matching algorithm (PBMA) eliminates the need of sending motion data by predicting motion vectors from previously transmitted pixels. The performance evaluation of both algorithms are given in the experiments.


Wildlife news is assumed to be a less commonly reported item in the media. We studied wildlife related news coverage by the Indian print news agencies and quantified its patterns by reviewing 766 news items across 50 national, regional and business newspapers in the year 2011. We found a considerable size bias towards large bodied species (1 : 8 times) in portrayal of wildlife news items. The Indian print media was also more likely to report large, endangered, terrestrial mammals when they reported about wildlife. Nearly half of the wildlife reports by dailies were on tigers (>250) and other endangered large felids (>150). A tendency towards controversial portrayals with respect to species such as leopards and elephants was observed. We found similar pattern of reporting between national, regional and business newspapers with respect to species and themes covered. Business dailies rarely carried wildlife related news (5 items). It is suggested that a balanced and ecological approach to sensitize the masses by various agencies can be adopted to reduce misconceptions and increase acceptance.


Introducing BHO to malicious pages detection technique,a detective system of malicious pages behavior is constructed.Practical test results indicate that the system is of high efficiency and accuracy.


Malathion is an organophosphorous insecticide, used in agriculture and a possible source of environmental poisoning. During malathion metabolization, mitochondria generates reactive oxygen species, responsible for significant structural changes. In this study, gills and kidney histological changes in Carassius auratus gibelio exposed to 0.05 mg/l malathion were investigated. In kidney, the effects were dramatic. The 24 -72 hours exposure to malathion induced cytoplasm vacuolization and changes in cell and nuclear volumes. In addition, necrotic renal tubules appeared, nuclear malformations of epithelial cells, anisokary, nuclei pycnosis and nuclei hypertrophy, were noticed. Epithelial ruptures, secondary lamellae fusion and hyperplasia of branchial epithelium, vascular congestion were the main changes noticed soon after pollutant exposure. We suggest that structural changes in gill and kidney could be used as good response to aquatic pollution with organophosphorous insecticides.


This article deals with the influence of the romantic phenomenon in Brazil, with regard to the intellectual environment characterized by the positivism. More specifically, it emphasizes the political culture marked by those values held by the Brazilian society in that period.


Three modes of contraction are described as produced by the anaesthetics in the frog's ventricle. The actions of the anaesthetics are also found capable of classification as reversible and irreversible.

Many of these reversible actions are influenced by the salts of calcium and potassium.

Thus, the action of the anaesthetics in depressing the beats of the heart to a constant level by a lessening of systole is antagonised by calcium salts, and the same salts are necessary for subsequent restoration of the beats to their original size.

Similarly, calcium salts are found necessary for restoration of initiation and propagation when these processes were depressed by the anaesthetics.

The action of each of the substances examined in stopping the heart in the contracted condition was resolved into the processes of stopping the heart in the dilated condition and production of contraction.

An increased amplitude of contraction resulted from the action of the anaesthetics after they had undoubtedly done some form of damage to the heart. Reasons are given for believing this damage to be primarily associated with the sarcoplasm, the results being in agreement with others obtained by the author that the sarcoplasm is a structure which governs the amplitude of contraction in virtue of its content in calcium.

It is suggested that in strengths sufficient to produce anaesthesia these anaesthetics bring about a reduction in the effective concentration of the calcium salts and phosphates in the tissues, and that, consequent on such reduction, those functions dependent on calcium will be affected, e.g. initiation, conduction, excitability, oxidation, etc.


The impact of nicotine on drug metabolism should be carefully considered, including its impact on ropinirole. The author presents a case in which a patient with RLS effectively treated with ropinirole (Requip) experienced profound side effects from ropinirole when she stopped smoking.


Abstract In this study, the heat and mass transport characteristics of anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are numerically investigated by using a two-dimensional model. The mathematical model is validated by comparing the numerical results with experimental data found in the open literature. The species and temperature distributions of SOFCs at different cell voltages are presented and compared. Effects of operating temperature, flow direction arrangement, and flow velocity on the overall cell performance and local temperature distribution are also analyzed. It is concluded that the local temperature is increased with decreasing operating cell voltage, increasing operating temperature, and decreasing cathode flow velocity. The temperature distribution is significantly changed when counter-flow arrangement is used instead of coflow arrangement. In addition, the effect of anode flow velocity on temperature distribution is negligible.


Ratio-dependent predator-prey models are favored by many animal ecologists recently. The present paper deals with the case where densities of preys and predators are spatially inhomogeneous in a bounded domain subject to the homogeneous Neumann boundary condition. The main purpose is to study the qualitative properties of solutions to this reaction-diffusion (partial differential) system. As a result, dissipation, persistence and stability are established.


Cationic copolymers for fixing perfluoroalkyl phosphate (Rf phosphoric ester) on pulp fiber are used to prepare water and oil resistant paper using internal sizing. Quaternary ammonium salts of vinyl monomers were synthesized by the Menschutkin reaction, 2-(diethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DE) and 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DM) as vinyl monomers reacted with quaternizing compounds (dimethyl sulfate, diethyl sulfate) to provide the corresponding quaternary ammonium salts of vinyl monomer. Quaternary ammonium salts and acrylamide (AAm) were copolymerized. The copolymer of diethyl(2-methacryloxyethyl)methyl ammonium methylsulphate(DE-DMS) [I] and acrylamide(AAm) at a molar ratio of 1.0/ 1.5 has been found to improve the oil and water resistance of paper using Rf phosphoric ester. Water and oil resistant paper using internal sizing may thus be obtained through use of cationic copolymer.


Young children love to draw. However, at around age 10, they begin to feel that their drawings are unrealistic and give up drawing altogether. This study aims to help those who did not receive the proper training in drawing at the time and as a result remain at that level of drawing. First, through 12 drawing workshop sessions, we condensed 2 prominent art education books into 10 core drawing skills. Second, we designed and implemented a novel interactive system that helps the user repeatedly train these skills in the 5 stages of drawing a nice car in an accurate perspective. Our novel interactive technique, Tick'n'Draw, inspired by the drawing habits of experts, provides friendly guidance so that the user does not get lost in the many steps of perceptual and perspective drawing. Third, through a pilot test, we found that our system is quick to learn, easy to use, and can potentially improve real-world drawing abilities with continued use.


Four insecticides were evaluated for wheat curl mite control in furrow irrigated winter wheat at the Fruita Research Center (Mesa County, CO). Insecticides were applied with a hand held CO2 sprayer calibrated to deliver 18 gal/acre finished spray material through six LF4 nozzles mounted on a 8.5 ft boom with 20 in spacing at 25 psi. Treatments were applied 13 Apr while plants were jointing. Plots were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Plot size was 11 ft x 25 ft. Sampling for mites was accomplished by picking 5 tillers at random from each plot, and counting the mites on the uppermost leaf using a dissecting microscope. The penultimate leaf was sampled on the first sample date, and the flag leaf on the final 2 sample dates. Analysis of variance was done on arcsin transformed percent control; nontransformed data are shown. A 5.5 x 23 ft area was harvested from the center of each plot on 21 Jun for yield estimates.


Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/copper composite powders with different CNT contents ranging from 0 to 2 wt.% were prepared by a high energy ball milling method has shown that CNTs are well dispersed in the matrix up to 1.5 wt.%. Dense specimens were prepared by vacuum sintering technique. The relative density and porosity were calculated from the measured and theoretical densities of the sintered specimens. The porosity increases by increasing CNT content due to the agglomeration of the CNTs in the copper matrix. Brinell hardness tests were performed to evaluate the hardness of CNT/Cu composites. The best CNT content enhancing the hardness of composite was determined as 1.5 wt.% CNT having hardness 35 percent higher than that of pure Cu at the same preparing conditions. The electrical resistivities of sintered specimens are measured with a four-probe method. The results show that the resistivity increases by increasing CNT content could be caused by the scattering during electron transfer at interface regions between CNTs and Cu particles. Kewords: carbon nanotubes, CNT/Cu composite, hardness, vacuum sintering INTRODUCTION Because of the combination of the outstanding properties of the metal matrix and reinforcement materials, metal matrix composites (MMCs) become one of the important materials mentioned recently due to their unique mechanical properties such as light weight and high elastic modulus, and their potential widely used in many industries such as aerospace, defense and security, mechanical, electrical, and electronics, etc [1-3]. Conventional MMCs reinforced with carbon fibers and particulates exhibit high specific strength and specific elastic modulus over their monolithic alloys. Recently, since the discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by Iijima [4], a number of investigations have been carried out to utilize this material as reinforcement in different materials, namely polymer, ceramics and metals, in order to combine the advantages of CNTs and metal matrix [5-8] due to its extraordinary properties such as very high mechanical properties, good electrical and thermal conductivity. Carbon nanotube reinforced metal matrix (MM-CNT) composites are prepared through a variety of processing techniques [9-13]. Powder metallurgy (PM) is the most popular and widely applied technique due to its combining easily different types of materials for yielding unique property combinations, for producing metal parts in a uniform and fine microstructure as well as preparing MM-CNT composites [7, 8, 14-17]. PM is a Pham Van Trinh, Nguyen Van Luan, Phan Ngoc Minh, Doan Dinh Phuong, Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay Distr., Hanoi, Vietnam Powder Metallurgy Progress, Vol.15 (2015), No 2 254 cost effective method that allows one to produce near net-shape parts and requires a low manufacturing temperature in comparison with the melting methods [16-19]. Some kind of materials had been produced successfully via the PM technique such as electrical contact materials [20, 21], copper alloys [22], and metal matrix composites [7, 8, 23]. Among MMC-CNTs, CNT/Cu composite is an important composite due to Cu and its alloys facile fabrication and generating a wide application oriented in electronics and electrical industries [24-27]. Reports on Cu/CNT composites deal with improvement in mechanical as well as electrical properties [28-30]. Researchers showed that the most critical issues in the processing of CNT-reinforced MMCs are (1) dispersion of CNTs and (2) interfacial bond strength between CNT and the matrix. Thus, ball milling of the initial powder mixture became a useful method for the production of composite powders by a solid-state reaction at room temperature [31, 32] with relatively inexpensive equipment, and ability to scale up production for commercial quantities [32]. Powder metallurgy technique, comprising compaction and sintering, helps increasing the hardness up to 20% with 15 vol. % CNT addition [33]. The improvement is not very great, but the processing route has the capability to be a very popular one, due to its ease if further improvement. The aims of this study are to fabricate and investigate some properties of CNT/Cu composite. High energy ball milling was applied for mixing and milling the mixture of CNT and Cu powder to obtain uniform dispersion of CNT within composite powders with CNT contents changing from 0 to 2 wt.% . Then the vacuum sintering method was utilized to produce the CNT/Cu composite specimens. These specimens were subjected to investigation of the dispersion of CNTs within Cu matrix, density, porosity, hardness as well as electrical resistivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials To fix the initial condition for fabricating the CNT/Cu nanocomposite sample, copper powders of 27 μm in diameter purity 99.9 % produced by PEAXNM Co. were used as a matrix material shown in Fig.1 a). Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) commercially produced by the Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Institute of Materials Science, VAST, with an average diameter of about 47 nm in diameter, 50 μm in length, and purity more than 95%, were used as the reinforcement component shown in Fig.1c). Tab.1. Milling parameters used for producing the composite powders Samples CNT content (wt.%) Ball/powder ratio (w/w) Rotation speed (rpm) Milling time (h)


Dip pen nanolithography (DPN) is a flexible nanofabrication process for creating 2-D nanoscale features on a surface using an "inked" tip. Although a variety of ink-surface combinations can be used for creating 2-D nanofeatures using DPN, the process has not yet been characterized for high throughput and high quality manufacturing. Therefore, at present it is not possible to (i) predict whether fabricating a part is feasible within the constraints of the desired rate and quality and (ii) select/design equipment appropriate for the desired manufacturing goals. Herein, we have quantified the processing rate, tool life, and feature quality for DPN line writing by linking these manufacturing metrics to the process/system parameters. Based on this characterization, we found that (i) due to theoretical and practical constraints of current technology, the processing rate cannot be increased beyond about 20 times the typical rate of ∼1 μm2 /min, (ii) tool life for accurate line writing is limited to 1–5 min, and (iii) sensitivity of line width to process parameters decreases with an increase in the writing speed. Thus, we conclude that for a high throughput and high quality system, we need (i) parallelization or process modification to improve throughput and (ii) accurate fixtures for rapid tool change. We also conclude that process control at high speed writing is less stringent than at low speed writing, thereby suggesting that DPN has a niche in high speed writing of narrow lines.


Should cartel facilitators be treated just as if they were actually active in a cartelized industry? The authorities are keeping an ever-closer watch.


This paper presents the principles of pattern-based task management (PBTM) that aims at knowledge maturing based on the integration of task and knowledge management. It takes into account that knowledge does not only manifest in artifacts but also in actions. The approach supports knowledge workers in the execution of their tasks by offering guiding task patterns without restricting their freedom of execution. Task patterns are collaboratively managed and support the sharing and development of work experience in a way, which makes this experience easily applicable to new tasks. The collaborative origin of task patterns requires offering obvious benefits to knowledge workers to motivate their contributions. In this regard, PBTM establishes an organizational knowledge maturation process that prevents the loss and ensures the development of organizational knowledge.


Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EET) and related epoxy fatty acids (EpFA) are endogenous anti‐inflammatory compounds, which are converted by the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) to dihydroxylethersatrienoic acids (DHETs) with lessened biological effects. Inhibition of sEH is used as a strategy to increase EET levels leading to lower inflammation. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease that leads to destruction of joint tissues. This pathogenesis involves a complex interplay between the immune system, and environmental factors. Here, we investigate the effects of inhibiting sEH with 1‐trifluoromethoxyphenyl‐3‐(1‐propionylpiperidin‐4‐yl) urea (TPPU) on a collagen‐induced arthritis model. The treatment with TPPU ameliorates hyperalgesia, edema, and decreases the expression of important pro‐inflammatory cytokines of Th1 and Th17 profiles, while increasing Treg cells. Considering the challenges to control RA, this study provides robust data supporting that inhibition of the sEH is a promising target to treat arthritis.


Ground-source heat pump systems can be designed to include liquid-loop Heat Recovery Ventilation (HRV), free cooling and recharging of the borehole collector. The HRV-system uses an exhaust-air coil to warm brine that has been preheated by a borehole heat exchanger. The warm brine then heats a supply-air coil and returns to the borehole. The performance of the exhaust-air and supply-air coils has an influence on the HRV system efficiency. This paper presents a mathematical model to investigate how the brine flow rate and the allocation ratio between the exhaust and supply-air coils affect the heat recovery efficiency.


Global analysis of the out-of-plane behavior is presented. The sensitivity of the global behavior of the tokamak to out-of-plane support structures is described.


The invention relates to a catalyst system for polymerizing C2 to C12-alk-1-enes containing; A) one organic or inorganic support; B) at least one metallocene complex; C) oligomeric aluminum oxide compounds; D) at least one boron compound of general formula (I) or a cyclic boron compound of general formula (II) or mixtures from boron compounds (I) and (II). The substituents in said formulas (I) and (II) have the following significance: R to R a C1 to C20 alkyl group which can be substituted by halogen atoms, C6 to C15 aryl groups and/or C1 to C10 alkoxy groups; a C4 to C7 cyclo-alkyl group which can be substituted by halogen atoms, C1 to C10 alkyl groups and/or C1 to C10 alkoxy groups; a C1 to C10 alkoxy or alkyl sulfide group which can be substituted by halogen atoms, C1 to C10 alkyl groups and/or C6 to C15 aryl groups; a C6 to C15 aryl group which can be substituted by halogen atoms, C1 to C10 alkyl groups, C1 to C10 halogen alkyl groups, C4 to C10 cyclo-alkyl groups, C6 to C15 aryl groups, C1 to C10 alkenyl groups, amino groups, mono- or dialkyl amino groups, nitro-groups, formyl groups, acetamido-groups and/or C1 to C10 alkoxy groups, or a saturated or unsaturated C3 to C15 heterocycle containing one to three oxygen, sulfur and/or nitrogen atoms in the ring system and which can be substituted by halogen atoms, C6 to C15 aryl groups, additional C3 to C15 heterocycles and/or C1 to C10 alkyl groups; R to R are also defined as above and also carry one to three additional B(OR')(OR'') groupings or if R to R contain an aromatic ring, said ring is part of a metallocene system; R' and R'' are the same or different and each signify hydrogen or a C1 to C10 alkyl group.


We developed a gauge-covariant formulation of the non-equilibrium Green function method for the dynamical and/or non-uniform electromagnetic field by means of the deformational quantization method. Such a formulation is realized by replacing the Moyal product in the so-called Wigner space by the star product, and facilitates the order-byorder calculation of a gauge-invariant observable in terms of the electromagnetic field. An application of this formalism to the linear response theory is discussed.


Bibliographie: Verloo, Mieke: To which subversive everyday practices does feminism inspire you? A personal note, Femina Politica, 1-2017, S. 180-181. https://doi.org/10.3224/feminapolitica.v26i1.28


The new Hungarian National Radioactive Waste Repository was established in the granite of the Moragy Block Mountains (Bataapati) to store low and intermediate level radioactive waste originating from Paks Nuclear Power Plant. Before the start of the operation of the facility the environmental characteristics of the site and its vicinity, i.e. the so-called zero level was determined. The determination of the zero level is inevitable as the evaluation of the measurement data in the course of the operation of nuclear facilities should mainly be related to this zero level. In the course of the monitoring activity environmental elements, i.e. air, soil, water (springs, streams, precipitation, fall-out, wash-out, plant and animal samples were investigated from several points of view. From the samples radiocarbon, tritium, Sr-90, gamma emitters, gross alpha, gross beta, and field gamma measurements were carried out. Results reported show that the state preceding the operation of the facility can approximately be considered as the Hungarian background data. (authors)


A strain-alleviating strategy was developed by creating a layered-spinel alternate heterostructure for LROs, resulting in a 3D channel for lithium-ion diffusion which was capable of reducing structural strain during the intercalation/deintercalation of Li+, thereby enhancing dynamic stability.


The current wave of decoration quietly rising,the particular culture and distinct charm of the decorative vocabulary transfers modern demand of the diversified artistic styles.The visual ideology of debris of deconstruction in the decorative vocabulary combines high visual impact of the screen,and the center of gravity will point to the cheerful,staggered,natural,eclectic and diversified emotional.Deconstruction being applied to graphic design,not only follows the decorative arts on the subjective sense of personal identity and the performance of social value,but also help to create a new culture of design.


Summary Palaeomagnetic investigations of rocks from a single locality within the Middle lava series, Faeroe Islands, comprising two lavas and intercalated baked tuffs, revealed some remarkably stable, coinciding, shallow dipping directions of reversed polarity. Analysis of different rock magnetic properties suggest that sections of the baked tuff contain single domain magnetite, probably formed during baking, which seems to carry a TRM spotreading. The bulk oxidation state of rocks yielding coinciding directions is either low (primary) or very high (imposed prior to or as a result of baking). Accepting a 15" secular variation, the obtained direction will represent a dipole field previously proposed for Lower Tertiary. Deviating magnetic directions, composed of a TRM spot-reading and a CRM (average reading) in a later geomagnetic field, appear in the partly baked lava flow below the tuff layer.


A colloidal suspension of LEV structure type crystalline molecular sieve, making the suspension by washing smaller crystallites from a previously found solid LEV product, and using the suspension as seeds in further crystalline molecular sieve syntheses.


This invention relates to a liquid crystal display device having two stable states nematic by breaking anchoring, characterized in that it has two polarizers (10, 40), one (10) placed side observer, the other (40) on the opposite side of the liquid crystal cell and the latter being at least partially reflective to define a reflective or transflective mode, the orientation of the two polarizers (10, 40) being offset from a value equal to the rotatory power of the cell to +/- 30 °.


Background Previous reports demonstrated that the early recurrence of atrial fibrillation (ERAF) after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) was associated with the inflammatory process. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been proposed as indicators of a systemic inflammatory response. However the relationship between NLR/PLR and clinical outcomes after PVI remains unclear. Methods and Results We enrolled 633 consecutive atrial fibrillation (AF) patients who underwent PVI from September 2014 to June 2018. The NLR and PLR in peripheral blood leukocytes 1 day before and 36-48 hours after PVI were measured. We compared the NLR and PLR changes in each parameter (ΔNLR and ΔPLR) between a late recurrence of AF group after the PVI (LRAF, during 1 year after PVI) and the no-LRAF group. We also evaluated the relationship between the ΔNLR /ΔPLR and pulmonary vein (PV) reconnections in repeated ablation procedures. The LRAF patients consisted of 151 patients (23.9%). The ΔNLR and ΔPLR were significantly higher in the LRAF group than no-LRAF group (p=0.021, p=0.011). The ΔNLR in the initial ablation sessions was significantly higher in patients with right PVs reconnections than in those without in the repeat ablation sessions (0.914±1.199 vs 2.316±3.615, p=0.032). Conclusion The NLR and PLR changes were associated with an LRAF. A higher NLR change in the initial ablation session was associated with a right PV reconnection in the repeat ablation session.


The visual assessment and severity grading of acne vulgaris by physicians can be subjective, resulting in inter‐ and intra‐observer variability.


OBJECTIVES
Sharing similar negative age-stereotypes (e.g., outdated, unfashionable), older adults and older technologies are stereotypically associated with each other. This also was found to be internalized by older adults. Recent research has suggested that internalized negative age-stereotypes may be one of the reasons for technophobia among older adults. Therefore, considering the pervasiveness of intergenerational comparison of technologies (e.g., computer vs. tablet) in which older-generation technologies are negatively portrayed, we aim to investigate whether a mere intergenerational comparison of technologies would affect technophobia via negative self-stereotypes activation among older adults. Specifically, two commonly-seen framings of intergenerational comparison of technologies are examined: contrast framing, which describes opposing intergenerational relationship of technologies; and connect framing, which describes continuous intergenerational relationship of technologies.

METHOD
We designed three advertisements for a made-up new technological product using contrast framing, connect framing, and neutral framing (where intergenerational comparison was absent). A sample of 284 participants (age 27-83) was gathered online and randomly assigned into the three experimental conditions. Self-perception of aging (SPA), technophobia, and potential covariates were measured.

RESULTS
The results showed a significant framing×age×gender effect on psychosocial loss dimension of SPA and technophobia. Men were significantly affected by the framing effect as they age, but women were not affected. Contrast framing (vs. connect vs. neutral framing) led to significantly higher technophobia via psychosocial loss dimension of SPA among older men aged 49 and over.

DISCUSSION
The findings have important implications for how to better convey persuasive information to promote new technology adoption among older adults.


This manuscript reports the findings from a series of inter-related meta-analyses of the effectiveness of peer-mediated learning for English language learners (ELLs). Peer-mediated learning is a broad term that as operationalized in this study includes cooperative learning, collaborative learning, and peer tutoring. Drawing from research on interaction in second language acquisition, as well as from work informed by Vygotskian perspectives on socially-mediated second language learning, these meta-analyses synthesize the results of experimental and quasi-experimental studies.
 Included studies were conducted with language learners between the ages of 3 and 18 in order to facilitate comparisons to US students in K-12 educational settings. All participants were identified as ELLs, though learners in both English as a Second Language (ESL) and English as a Foreign Language (EFL) settings were included. Similarly, learners from a variety of language backgrounds were included in order to facilitate generalizations to the linguistic diversity present in US schools, and abroad. Main effects analyses indicate that peer-mediated learning is effective at improving a number of outcome types, including: language outcomes, academic outcomes, and social outcomes. Funnel plots and Egger's regression analyses were conducted to examine the probability of publication bias, and it appears unlikely in most analyses. Moderator analyses were also conducted, where sample sizes were sufficient, to examine what measured variables were capable of explaining heterogeneity in effect sizes between studies.


This article analyses the changes and continuities in the Russian Military Strategy in response to NATO's expansionist policies. The methodology used is interdisciplinary in nature as the discourse is based and conceptualized in the historical context with social insights into the contemporary development of events. The paper is divided into two sections: the first concerns NATO's expansion, both during and after the Cold War period; and the second examines the proposed Russian Military Strategy in response to NATO's increasing eastward expansion. It is concluded that Russia's national security concepts and evolving expressions of military doctrine closely follow the process of NATO's expansion. The nature of forward deployment, defense concept and military strategy that NATO adopts are decisive in formulating and influencing not only Kremlin's perception but also its reaction, especially in the military field to alliance enlargement.


This article analyses the differences between the Good Friday intercessions of the - according to Summorum Pontificum - two usages of the one Roman rite out of an ecumenical perspective. Besides the differentiation of the newer usage between non-believers in Christ and non-believers in God and the obvious differences in tone (e.g. ,,haeret;cs" vs. ,,brothers and sisters"), there seems to be a dif- ferent attitude towards non-Catholics and non-Christians, since the newer usage does not pray for a return of the other Christians or a conversion of the ,,pagans". But the intercessions of the older usage (with the exception of the prayer for the Jews newly formulated by Pope Benedict XVI 2008) do not only contradict the intercession of the newer usage, but also important statements of II. Vatican Council and the post-conciliar magisterium. Therefore, new formulations of the intercessions for the unity of the Christians and for the non-Christians are desider- ata.


A Phase II study of cisplatin (100 mg/m2 on day 1 and bleomycin (15 mg intravenous push day 1) followed by 5 days of continuous intravenous infusions of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) (650 mg/m2/d) and bleomycin (16 mg/m2/d) repeated at 21‐day intervals was performed in 54 previously untreated patients with nonmetastatic (MO), locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The aim of this study was to increase the complete response rate to chemotherapy and to identify prognostic factors that may influence local control and disease‐free survival. From April 1986 until August 1988, 5 patients with Stage III and 49 with Stage IV (International Union Against Cancer‐American Joint Committee on Cancer 1986 [UICC‐AJCC]) disease received this regimen. Thirty (61%) patients with Stage IV disease had bulky nodal disease (9 N2c and 21 N3) and 29 (53%) had T4 primary lesions. The response rate was 59% (95% confidence interval, 47% to 71%) and the complete response rate to chemotherapy was 13% (95% confidence interval, 0% to 26%). The response rate was greatly influenced by tumoral volume and performance status (PS). The complete response rate to chemotherapy was 40% for patients with Stage III disease (2 of 5 patients) versus 10% for patients with Stage IV disease (5 of 49 patients; P = 0.02). The response rate for patients with Stage III disease was 100% (5 of 5 patients) versus 55% for patients with Stage IV disease (27 of 49 patients; P = 0.14). For patients with Stage IV bulky nodal disease (N2c‐N3), the response rate was 43% (13 of 30 patients) and the complete response rate to chemotherapy was 3% (1 of 30 patients) versus 68% (13 of 19 patients; P = 0.13) and 21% (4 of 19 patients; P = 0.07), respectively, for patients with Stage IV less than N2b disease. The local control rate after definitive therapy was 100% for patients with Stage III disease, 70% (17 of 24 patients) for patients with Stage IV less than N2b disease, and 17% (5 of 30 patients) for patients with bulky nodal disease (P = 0.0005). As of February 1991, with a median follow‐up time of 38 months (range, 30 to 53 months), 4 of 5 patients with Stage III disease and 7 of 19 patients with Stage IV less than N2b disease were alive with no evidence of disease (37%) versus 0 of 30 patients with bulky nodal disease (P = 0.001). In advanced head and neck SCC, the variations in the complete response rate to chemotherapy, the obtaining of local control, and the success of multimodality treatment depend on tumoral volume, especially nodal tumoral volume. The differences between Stages III and IV, and within the Stage IV category for greater than N2c‐N3 disease, point to the need for a better definition of prognostic groups in future trials. Cancer 68:2109–2119.


Over the last two decades, scientific workflow management systems (SWfMS) have emerged as a means to facilitate the design, execution, and monitoring of reusable scientific data processing pipelines. At the same time, the amounts of data generated in various areas of science outpaced enhancements in computational power and storage capabilities. This is especially true for the life sciences, where new technologies increased the sequencing throughput from kilobytes to terabytes per day. This trend requires current SWfMS to adapt: Native support for parallel workflow execution must be provided to increase performance; dynamically scalable "pay-per-use" compute infrastructures have to be integrated to diminish hardware costs; adaptive scheduling of workflows in distributed compute environments is required to optimize resource utilization. In this survey we give an overview of parallelization techniques for SWfMS, both in theory and in their realization in concrete systems. We find that current systems leave considerable room for improvement and we propose key advancements to the landscape of SWfMS.


This study has estimated disaggregated Phillips Curve (PC) in case of Pakistan for food, nonfood and core inflation using annual time series data. The main objective of the study is to compare traditional and open economy Phillips curves using global output gap as external determinant of inflation. The study has estimated global slack hypothesis by augmenting traditional PC with global output gap as measures of global determinant. The accurate measurement of slope of PC has significant role in effective monetary policy formulation to control inflation through managing aggregate demand. There is abundant literature investigating whether Phillips curve still holds, weakened or strengthened as it used to be before 1990. Although less focused in case of Pakistan, for other countries the literature shows evidence of flattening of PC due to many reasons mainly globalization. The results of this study indicate existence of global slack hypothesis where both domestic and global output gaps affect overall inflation in Pakistan positively and significantly. However, when estimated for food and nonfood inflation separately for the period 1976-2019, domestic output gap in presence of global output gap does not affect nonfood inflation in Pakistan. Similarly, for core inflation domestic output gap in presence of global output gap does not affect core inflation in Pakistan. This finding is consistent with existing literature arguing that central banks' monetary policy intervention significantly affects relation between domestic output gap and core inflation. The results have also indicated that global economic crisis 2008 positively affected overall, food, nonfood and core inflation in Pakistan. The main policy implication of the study is that demand management policies in Pakistan need to be accompanied with supply side price controlling measures considering global economic factors.


THE MIDWIVES ACT: A COERECTION ... 162 Metropolitan Counties Branch: Letters ... .D . ... 164 Wandsworth Divison ... 165 PROCEEDINGS OF STANDING COMMITTEES: AN ADDRESS ON THE INTERESTS OF MEDICAL LIFE AND ETHIcAL COMMIrTEE.-Election of Chairman.-Principals and WORK; AND THE AIMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE Assistants.-Club Appointments.-Ethical Rules.-Trade BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. By ALFRED H. Advertisements.-Advertisements of Hydropathic EstablishCARTER, M.D., M.Sc., F.R C.P.-Education: Knowledge and ments.-Alleged "Process of Exclusion" of General Medical Character.-Need for Recreation.-Intellectual Interests.Practitioners.-Inquiries from Branches.-Articles on Medical Intraprofessional Obligations.-The Aims and Prospects Subjects in Lay Newspapers.Contract Practice Disputes.of the British Medical Association ... ... ... 165 Medical Officers of Insurance Companies ... ... ... 163 BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LIBRARY ... ... ... 168


This study investigates the interactions, volatility spillovers and efficiency for foreign exchange markets of Taiwan, Hong Kong and Japan by using VEC GJR-GARCH model and Panel cointegration approach. The sample period of this study is from January 2, 2003 to August 15, 2008. The empirical results prove that the various foreign exchange markets the spot rate of all have the own-mean spillover effects, GARCH effects and ARCH effects. In addition, the results also show that Japanese forward exchange premium (or discount) has significant effect on the spot exchange markets of Taiwan and Japan when incorporating the Japanese forward exchange premium (or discount) into the model, and volatility spillovers effects all disappeared. It confirms that Japanese forward exchange premium (or discount) is a mediating variable of information. In the asymmetrical volatility effect aspect, the empirical results discover that asymmetrical estimated coefficients are positive and significant in exchange markets of Taiwan and Japan. This expresses that under the bad news impact, own market's volatility will probably be bigger than the good news. Based on the results in testing foreign exchange market efficiency, it indicates discover that three foreign exchange markets all accept the forward rates as unbiased predictors of future spot rates. Finally, this study also does not reject the hypothesis for foreign exchange market efficiency by using Panel FMOLS