The present invention discloses a network-end data transmission method, apparatus and system for restricted, relates to communication technologies, data can be realized in a limited P2P network with a communication restrictions, simple, easy to implement. The present invention provides end-restricted network for transmitting data comprising: a first client establishes a TCP data transmission channel and the relay server can access, and obtain the session key and bind data transmission channels, and, service by trusted network address information of the relay server and a second session key to the client; a second client using the address information and the relay server establishes a TCP data transmission channel, using the session key and a data transmission channel with binding ; first client using the data transmission channel, data transmission P2P client through the second relay server. The program can be flexibly applied to various types of network environments, it has a wide application prospect.


The two isotypic compounds Cr(NCNH2)4Cl2 and Mn(NCNH2)4Cl2 have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction. They crystallize in the cubic space group Im3m (Z = 6) with a = 12.643(2) Å for Cr(NCNH2)4Cl2 and a = 12.821(1) Å for Mn(NCNH2)4Cl2. The divalent transition metal ions are octahedrally coordinated by four H2NCN molecules in equatorial and two chloride ions in axial positions. The magnetic susceptibility data of the four Curie-paramagnetic compounds Cr(NCNH2)4Cl2, Mn(NCNH2)4Cl2, Co(NCNH2)4Cl2, and Ni(NCNH2)4Cl2 have been analyzed in greater detail, including many-body quantum theory.


This paper presents a system that will support a remote guidance collaboration, in which a local expert guides a remotely located assistant to perform physical, three-dimensional tasks. The system supports this remote guidance by allowing the expert to annotate, point at and draw upon objects in the remote location using a pen and tablet-based interface to control a laser projection device. The specific design criteria for this system are drawn from a tele-health scenario involving remote medical examination of patients and the paper presents the software architecture and implementation details of the associated hardware. In particular, the algorithm for aligning the representation of the laser projection over the video display of the remote scene is described. Early evaluations by medical specialists are presented, the usability of the system in laboratory experiments is discussed and ideas for future developments are outlined.


V. O. Key's Southern Politics in State and Nation continues to be a central text in political science, the single most important work in understanding the role of the South in American politics. This article returns to, replicates, and seeks to advance Key's analysis of southern politics in Congress, reanalyzing and extending his account of southern strategies and actions in the House of Representatives. Where Key's text was characterized by an episodic attention to issue substance, we focus directly on how southern representation varied across discrete issue areas. We generate temporally fine-grained issue-specific ideal points for members of Congress that allow us to determine how congressional preferences changed across time, generating a more refined portrait of the process by which southern Democratic members diverged from their northern counterparts. We also thicken and extend Key's account along regional and temporal dimensions, assessing how his findings change when we employ a legal-institutional definition of the South, and include the whole period from the beginning of the New Deal to the close of the Truman administration. The article concludes by detailing the significance of our finding to the study of American politics, particularly American political development.


The Team Orienteering Problem (TOP) is an NP-hard routing problem in which a fleet of identical vehicles aims at collecting rewards (prizes) available at given locations, while satisfying restrictions on the travel times. In the TOP, each location can be visited by at most one vehicle, and the goal is to maximize the total sum of rewards collected by the vehicles within a given time limit. In our research, we propose a generalization of the TOP, namely the Steiner Team Orienteering Problem (STOP). In the STOP, we provide, additionally, a subset of mandatory locations. In this sense, the STOP also aims at maximizing the total sum of rewards collected within the time limit, but, now, every mandatory location must be visited.

As a first contribution, we propose a new commodity-based formulation for the STOP and use it within a cutting-plane scheme. The algorithm benefits from the compactness and strength of the proposed formulation and works by separating five families of valid inequalities, which consist of some general connectivity constraints, classical lifted cover inequalities based on dual bounds, a class of the so-called arc-vertex inference cuts and classes of conflict cuts and clique conflict cuts. To our knowledge, the last three classes of inequalities are also introduced in this work, along with the due proofs of validity. A state-of-the-art branch-and-cut algorithm from the literature of the TOP is adapted to the STOP and used as baseline to evaluate the performance of the cutting-plane. Extensive computational experiments show the competitiveness of the new algorithm while solving several STOP and TOP instances. In particular, it is able to solve, in total, 14 more TOP instances than any other previous exact algorithm and finds nine new optimality certificates. With respect to the new STOP instances introduced in this work, our algorithm solves 31 more instances than the baseline.

In this work, we also prove that solely finding a feasible solution for the STOP is NP-hard and propose a Large Neighborhood Search (LNS) heuristic for the problem. The algorithm is provided with initial solutions obtained by means of the matheuristic framework known as Feasibility Pump, which, in our implementation, uses as backbone the commodity-based formulation we propose. The LNS heuristic itself combines classical local searches from the literature of routing problems with a long-term memory component based on Path Relinking. Computational experiments show the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed heuristic in solving a benchmark of 387 STOP instances. Overall, the heuristic solutions imply an average percentage gap of only 0.54% when compared to the best known bounds. In particular, the heuristic reaches the best previously known bounds on 382 of the 387 instances. Additionally, in 21 of these cases, our heuristic is even able to improve over the best known bounds.

At last, the hybrid algorithm obtained from warm starting our cutting-plane algorithm with the LNS heuristic is able to solve to optimality four more TOP instances and seven more STOP instances than the cutting-plane algorithm alone. Additionally, it provides the optimality certificates of five previously unsolved (even by our plain cutting-plane algorithm) TOP instances.


Directed transport of self-propelled ellipsoidal particles confined in a smooth corrugated channel with asymmetric potential and Gaussian colored noise is investigated. Effects of the channel, potential and colored noise on the system are discussed. Large x axis noise intensity inhibits the transport. The directed transport speed has a maximum with increasing y axis noise intensity. Proper size of the bottleneck is good for the directed transport of the ellipsoidal particles, but large and small size of bottleneck inhibits this directed transport. The transport reverse phenomenon appears with increasing load and self-propelled speed. Perfect sphere particle is easier to directed transport than needlelike ellipsoid particle.


This study summarizes a field experiment analyzing relationships among "openness" of superior-subordinate communication, and attitudes toward five basic types of message-responses occurring in a dyad: confirmation, disagreement, accedence, repudiation and disconfirmation. Results indicated that regardless of perceived climate of "openness" of communication, subordinates (subjects) predicted (and preferred) that a superior respond to an unfavorable message from a subordinate more often with a confirming or disagreeing response, than with an acceding, or repudiating, or disconfirming response. However, dependent upon the degree of perceived "openness" or "closedness" of the communication relationship with the superior, subordinates evaluated the appropriateness of these responses differently. Moreover, the object (superior or subordinate) of the subordinate's initial message was found to play an important role in determining the superior's and subordinate's later responses. Subjects also predicted that a su...


The basic equations of compartmental analysis are a system S of differential equations which govern the exchanges of material among various compartuments and an environment. The equations are ordinarily nonlinear. In this paper we show that if certain natural conditions are satisfied S possesses an equilibrium point, and that if additional reasonable conditions are met the equilibrium point is unique and globally stable. These results have natural interpretations and, in particular, provide an analytical basis for the use of the familiar linear tracer-analysis equations. We also consider the case in which S takes into account cyclic variations with a given period \tau (this case often arises in ecological studies) and show that under certain reasonable conditions S has a \tau -periodic solution that is approached by every solution of S.


Black Kite and Horsfield's Bushlark are the latest species to be added to our survey lists, when they were recorded in our February surveys. The Black Kite is a familiar scavenger in inland Australia, especially in the north and east, where it wheels and soars over towns and fires. Euan Fothergill recorded it at Galgi Ngarrk (Craigieburn Grasslands), and commented that he has been seeing it increasingly in a few locations around Melbourne. It is a relatively recent colonizer here and seems to be on the increase – another indication of climate change? Six raptor species were recorded across our sites, including a Peregrine Falcon hunting Rock Doves above Moreland Road bridge. Formerly known as Singing Bushlark, Horsfield's Bushlark is an uncommon streaked brown bird of grasslands, slightly smaller than a Pipit or Eurasian Skylark. It has white edges to the tail (like the other two species) and bold rufous wing margins. Being a lark, it sings while hovering high, but also in low undulating flight and when perched. Stuart Dashper and the other observers at Bababi Marning had a good view of the perched bird, and saw its deep finch-like bill that is fairly diagnostic and separates it from Pipit and Songlarks. It had no crest at all so was not a Skylark. Euan had a possible sighting at Galgi Ngarrk, but not enough for a positive identification. A total of 78 bird species was seen across the ten sites surveyed in February. Most widespread (occurring at every site) were Spotted Dove, Rainbow Lorikeet, and Magpie. At the other end of the spectrum, 24 species were each recorded at only one site. The most numerous species were Common Myna, Silver Gull, Rainbow Lorikeet, Pacific Black Duck and Red Wattlebird. The sites with the most diversity were Bababi Djinanang and Blyth Street-Moreland Road East Brunswick, with 34 species each. Coburg Lake Reserve had the most individual birds, an estimate of


Background : Eusideroxylonzwageri is an endemic tree in certain areas of Borneo and Sumatra. Limited reports are available for the ethno medical use, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities of its seed. Objective: The present study was focused on the phytochemical constituents of E.zwageri seed extracts, polar (aqueous) and nonpolar (Ethanol and Ethyl Acetate) compounds. Methods : GC-MS and LC-MS techniques were used to establish the phytochemical profiles of the studied extracts. Result : β-Asarone was detected as single dominant component of the ethanol and ethyl acetate seed extract from E.zwageri . The GC-MS result of the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts exerted considerable and 3′-O-Methylviolanone and two chromones. This preliminary observation suggests a potential medicinal use of the seed of E.zwageri . It is anticipated that the finding of the above chemical constituents in this seed will open new avenues for research and contribute towards establishing primary data on these species for designing novel phytopharmaceuticals.


A 4-dimensional data assimilation system is improved and applied to resolve the synoptic problem in the cruise survey data usages. The validation of the assimilation method is investigated with a set of inter-comparisons between the assimilated temperature and observed temperature from the mooring data, the remote sensing satellite data and the cruise data. 1) Comparisons between the assimilated temperature and the mooring observed temperature show that NMC (National Meteorological Center) method with modified parameters is more suitable than the IV (Innovation Vector) method in temperature data assimilation for sea areas off Changjiang estuary. The assimilated temperature is in same trend with the mooring observed temperature, with a maximum temperature difference of 0.4℃. 2) Comparisons between the assimilated sea surface temperature (SST) and the remote sensing SST show that assimilated SST are able to reproduce the spatial and temporal distribution of survey data, with better trend and accuracy. 3) The analysis of root mean square error (RMSE) indicates RMSE is 3.8oC and lower than 0.6℃ for the observation section and assimilation section. This implies that errors caused by assimilation method are much lower than that caused by synoptic problem. 4) Analysis of surface mean temperature shows that using assimilation data can avoid unreal temperature patches, which is a mistake caused by synoptic problem, and the distributions of temperature and front got with the method are more likely to exhibit the real condition.


Objective: This article should encourage students to explore various teaching styles and delivery methods in film and in their own lived experiences Courses: Public Speaking for Freshman and/or Education Majors


This paper reflects a conducted assessment of the Defense Information Systems Agency's (Department of Defense) compliance with the Federal Information Technology Acquisition Reform Action (FITARA) Section 833: Portfolio Management and Section 834: Federal Data Center Consolidation Initiatives. The paper is organized by providing an overview of DISA leading into a brief history of FITARA (and its associated federal government implementation). For Section 833, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) Information Technology Investment Management (ITIM) assessment tool was applied to DISA's Information Technology Capital Planning and Investment Control (CPIC) process for evaluation, analysis, and recommendations for improvement. Following GAO ITIM, Section 834 was introduced, leading into a PEST and SWOT analyses relative to DISA's implementation of the framework concluding with the evaluation and recommendations. Summarily, Kotter's 8-step change model was applied in a proposed 12 – 36-month plan for implementation throughout the agency for senior leadership in addressing the various gaps of both sections 833 and 834. IndexTerms—FITARA, DISA, GAO, IT Capital Planning


A viscous-inviscid splitting finite element method is developed to solve two-dimensional compressible and incompressible external flows. The outer inviscid solution is dealt with by solving the potential flow using an artificial compressibility finite element method while the inner viscous solution is obtained by solving the Navier-Stokes equations by a streamline upwind Petrov-Galerkin finite element method. The motivation of developing this approach is to take full advantage of the physical nature of the flow around aircraft where in most cases, the viscous effects are substantial only in the vicinity of the aircraft surface and its wake. Some preliminary results for the two dimensional compressible and incompressible flows around an NACA0012 airfoil are presented to show the efficiency and accuracy of the method.


Pahari embroidery was practised in different parts in undivided Punjab and Himachal Pradesh. The surface ornamentation of these articles with respect to design, raw material and technique were beautifully adapted according to their utility. The popular product in embroidery is Chamba rumals locally known as dhaknu or chabbu. In addition, equally fascinating embroidery was seen on household products which were meant for personal use and decoration in single sided stitches. The most startling are cholies from Himachal Pradesh in terms of their construction and designs. The cholies from given museums were studied namely Bhuri Singh Museum, Chamba; Government Museum and Art Gallery, Chandigarh National Museum, New Delhi and personal collection. Evidently they are characterized by selective treatment given to them in terms of construction, materials, stitches, adaptation of designs and motifs. Apart from embroidery miniature paintings also indicated the relevance of traditional costumes in socio cultural traditions. Interestingly two different kinds are observed in cholies according to their construction. Likewise on basis of designs and motifs two different styles in embroidery are seen i.e. free hand curved designs and geometrical designs. The documentation of these designs is done by redrawing the traditional motifs with help of miniature artist Shri Prixit Sharma, Chamba. The stitches are also classified as filling, outline and finishing used in single sided embroidery. Conspicuously these minute variations lend special features to choli blouses and distinguish them from other form of embroideries from the pahari region.


This study sought to enhance, through qualitative methods, an understanding of the factors that influence adolescents'commitments to extracurricular activities over time. We obtained semistructured interview data from 41 adolescents who had been highly involved in athletics or the arts since middle childhood. We examined their interpretations of the factors that supported or hindered their continued involvement in these activities over the years. Thematic analysis of the interviews revealed that psychological factors, perceptions of the context, and emerging identity all played a role in decisions to remain involved or quit. Perceived competence and peer relationships emerged as important psychological factors, whereas perceptions of challenge and costs and benefits were important contextual influences. We discuss implications of the findings for the implementation of extracurricular programs that support adolescent development.


Testicular tumours are one of the most prevalent cancers in young males. Teratoma is one type of testicular tumour, which carries a good prognosis if treated appropriately. We describe a case of a 37 year old man, diagnosed with testicular non-seminomatous germ cell tumour in 2005. He underwent left orchidectomy and radical chemotherapy with Bleomycin, Etoposide and Cisplatin. He had involved retroperitoneal lymph nodes at the time of diagnosis and underwent retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in 2007. He made a good recovery but presented with a left neck lump in 2009, the appearance of which suggested differentiated teratoma on fine needle aspiration cytology. The neck lump was excised without any complications and histology confirmed the mass to be mature teratoma with no undifferentiated elements. He has remained disease free since then and remains under oncological surveillance, in keeping with current protocols.


The phase-locked loop (PLL) is an available synchronisation technique that can extract the fundamental frequency and phase of the grid. Benefited from the filter properties, pre-filter PLL is widely applied in voltage source inverters (VSIs) to enhance the accuracy of phase extraction. With the consideration of inter-harmonic perturbation, the principles between pre-filter PLL and VSI performance as well as the effects of pre-filter PLL on VSI are investigated in this study. Based on the conventional PLL, the small signal of pre-filter PLL is proposed. To fully represent the pre-filter PLL effects, the simplified VSI model is established and the current performance of VSI could be presented by the pre-filter PLL. From the angles of current total harmonic distortion, the effects of pre-filter PLL under inter-harmonic perturbation are clarified. The effects of pre-filter PLL on VSI are validated under the inter-harmonic perturbation based on the experiment platform. The results indicate that the current performance of VSI could be improved with the decreased bandwidth of both pre-filter and PLL, which shows a valuable application reference for the optimised design of VSI.


Increased frequency of climate extremes is another face of climate change confronted by humans, resulting in catastrophic losses in agriculture. While climate extremes take place on many scales, impacts are experienced locally and mitigation tools are a function of local conditions. To address this, agrometeorological early warning systems must be place and location based, incorporating the climate, crop and land attributes at the appropriate scale. Existing services often lack site-specific information on adverse weather and countermeasures relevant to farming activities. Warnings on chronic long term effects of adverse weather or combined effects of two or more weather elements are seldom provided, either. This lecture discusses a field-specific early warning system implemented on a catchment scale agrometeorological service, by which volunteer farmers are provided with face-to-face disaster warnings along with relevant countermeasures. The products are based on core techniques such as scaling down of weather information to a field level and the crop specific risk assessment. Likelihood of a disaster is evaluated by the relative position of current risk on the standardized normal distribution from climatological normal year prepared for 840 catchments in South Korea. A validation study has begun with a 4-year plan for implementing an operational service in Seomjin River Basin, which accommodates over 60,000 farms and orchards. Diverse experiences obtained through this study will certainly be useful in planning and developing the nation-wide disaster early warning system for agricultural sector.


Company which is go public have to make annual report to BEI ( Indonesian stock exchange ) and stockholder annually according to the decision of BAPEPAM chairman No. Kep 36/PM/2003, No 1 regulation X.K.2 about the obligation of giving periodical financial report, say that periodic financial report with accountant reporting give to BAPEPAM at least on the last third month after the date of annual report. The result of company audit have to announce to public through two Indonesian newspapaer periodically and on time.The purpose of this reseach is to test factors influencing time periode of financial report giving to public with criterium of company, range of provitability, solvability, auditor reputation and kinds of auditor's opinion as independent variable The reseach population about company size, provitability, solvability, auditor reputation and opinion about the completion of annually financial audit report and publication of annual financial report to public are LQ 45 company, registered at BEI 2004-2006. The data whichis used is secundary data. Data analysis with normality, classical assumtion including moltikolinearitas test, heterokedastisitas test and autocorrelation, and also hipotesis test including regression analysis and partial hipotesis ( uji t ) First regression got the result that only ROA significanthy to time periode of financial report giving to public annually ( Y1) with value of significant = 0,004<0,05. Second regression got the result that only SIZE with value of significant 0,000<0,05, ROA value of significant 0,026<0,05 dan OPINI with value of significant 0,000<0,05 that is significantly influence to time periode of auditor's financial report announcement to public ( Y2 ) Key words : timelinnes, audit delay, size, provitability, solvability, auditor's reputation, auditor's opinion


This project uses a multiple goals theoretical perspective to examine the sophistication of responses to depression disclosure. In the first study, 504 college students imagined that a friend revealed a depression diagnosis using one of several messages exhibiting different identity management goals. Their responses were coded for expressive, conventional, or rhetorical message design logic. Variation in how depression was disclosed influenced the sophistication of responses. In the second study, 352 individuals with depression rated messages taken verbatim from the first study. Expressive messages were evaluated less favorably than conventional messages, which in turn were rated less favorably than rhetorical messages. The discussion focuses on the connection between attention to multiple goals and communication sophistication in responding to important disclosures.


Total knee arthroplasty is associated with significant blood loss, necessitating blood transfusions. Due to the obvious risks and costs of allogeneic blood transfusions, techniques to minimize blood loss in surgery are needed. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of tranexamic acid treatment in reducing blood loss and blood transfusion requirements during total knee arthroplasty.

A prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, non-crossover trial was carried out in Prathima Hospital, Karimnagar. The trial involved 28 ASA I and II patients undergoing unilateral knee arthroplasty, 14 in each of the control and study groups. In the study group, a 10 mg/kg bolus of tranexamic acid was administered slowly IV 30 min before tourniquet deflation, followed by a 1 mg/kg/hr infusion for 12 h, compared to the standard medical treatment in the control group. Total blood loss during and after surgery was compared between the two classes. We also compared the hemoglobin drop after surgery, the number of people who needed blood transfusions, and the number of units needed between the two classes. Any complications were also reported.

Total blood loss in the tranexamic acid group was 543.3 ± 184.85 versus 685.83 ± 176.74, a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Intraoperative blood loss was comparable, but post-operative blood loss was significantly lower in the tranexamic acid group (389.16 ± 174 ml vs. 514.36 ± 143.89 ml), indicating that it was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There were no complications reported from any of the groups.

Tranexamic acid is an effective strategy for minimizing overall blood loss and blood transfusions in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.


This article discusses the flutter problem of a physically nonlinear viscoelastic rod in a gas stream, taking into account nonlinear dependencies. A statement and a method for solving the flutter problem of a viscoelastic rod are given taking into account the physical and aerodynamic nonlinearities.


In the previous chapter we have described the experimental techniques and instrumentation necessary for our HFEPR measurements of SMMs. Now we will focus our attention on the mathematical basis for modeling our systems of interest and briefly discuss the construction of a proper mathematical model. We will outline the two most widely used approaches to describing SMM systems and the approximations and limitations of each approach. In order to properly describe a system of interest, it is necessary to construct the relevant quantum mechanical Hamiltonian that characterizes the energy spectrum of the system. Once the Hamiltonian is diagonalized it must produce the proper energy eigenvalues for a given spin multiplet. A simplified approach is used, by using a spin Hamiltonian to model the experimental data for SMMs. This redefines the orbital momentum contributions needed to characterize the system, and relies only on spin contributions and symmetry properties of the system. The spin Hamiltonian considers only the spin angular momentum operators and their interactions with each other and an external magnetic field. The spin orbit interaction is parameterized in constants of the model, which are essential to the magnetic anisotropy in SMMs. Any spin Hamiltonian must satisfy certain basic requirements for it to be a valid model. First, it must properly express the point symmetry of the molecule and the lattice, and must be invariant under all point symmetry operations [10, 11] and maintain the space group symmetry. Second, it must be Hermitian since the eigenvalues (energies) of the system are real. Finally, for cases of practical interest, only even powers of the spin angular momentum operators, starting with the quadratic term, are included in the zero field terms of the Hamiltonian. Thus, the spin


more academic or analytical documents, including any that put a different interpretation of the factors shaping post-war immigration policy. While their decision helps to sustain an accessible, ethnographic flavour, I do wonder about the value of long and breathless journalistic accounts like that describing the Cabramatta and Springvale Indo-Chinese enclaves, written by Bruce Stannard. His


Holmes', Yaw Peasah and Yaw Twumasi's theses could share. Because she conceives of administration as largely 'field work' she ignores the governance of the Gold Coast's large towns, and spends far too little time on the Secretariat. District officers certainly perceived themselves as the elite, the cavalry, of colonialism but some of those districts were towns, and all armies need much more than horsemen. This blinds her to the feuding between the regional administrations and the demands of the 'file pushing' centre which was to become positively dangerous for good government in the 1940s. Relations with technical services are similarly omitted although some of this friction, between medical services and local administration, for example, was endemic. It is a pity that Professor Kuklick's research was so number oriented that she limited her general reading. The picture becomes thin on texture and at times positively incorrect; it is simply wrong or at least needing qualification to state as she does on p. 145 that 'political officers . . . were less than enthusiastic about the introduction of democratic practices during the period immediately before independence' for example. So, despite many serious misgivings, the book certainly deserves to be read and its general intentions should be emulated in other territorial frameworks.


In order to perform the assembly of a haptic device in the set of a simulator, we have to check that it operates in its optimal workspace. In general it will depend on the required functionality. One of the characteristics that define the performance of a haptic device is the manipulability. In this paper we are going to accomplish a kinematics study of the device PHANToM OMNi. This study will produce as result the calculation of a map, in which to each of the points of the workspace, we assign a value of manipulability. In this way it is obtained a drawing that identifies the best zones of functioning of the device and therefore those in which we wish that our manipulator preferably works as a design criteria.


The key role of the market-driven theories of economic rationalism in reviving European interest in Mozart operas in the late 1980s is discussed. It is suggested that Mozart's music was used as a commodity to be marketed to make the audiences feel youthful, classy and experience a sense of well-being amid economic problems.


Finger-vein recognition as a non-contact biometric technique has its inherent superiority on accuracy, speed, sanitation, maintenance and security. However, we found that due to posture changes when acquiring finger images, the discrepancy between different images from the same finger greatly lowers the performance of the entire system. In this paper, we define 6 types of finger posture changes, and analysis how they influence imaging. We then proposed a method to reconstruct a 3D normalized finger model from 2D images, which can be used to map finger area in 2D image into a new 2D coordinate system, thus being able to eliminate the influence of these six types of posture changes. We choose three kinds of feature extraction method, with a test data set from a practical finger-vein recognition system including 50,700 finger-vein images. The experimental results well proved the effectiveness of this method.


The article consisted of controversial discussion on the status Pancasila. Its main problem is whther Pancasila maybe understood as an ideology or not. In this article, the solution in solving the controversial probelm is also offered. The transquality of the controversial status of Pancasila is actually easy to be carried out thourgh ideology and history of thought perspectives. Since the beginning of its history, such concept of ideology has interpreted into two forms of explanations; as a neutral or as a critical concept. The controversy of Pancasila's status, in the other sense is describing another aspect because of such two notions recommended a something a new perspective in elaborating. Pancasila is necessarily needed. It is argued in this article as separation between Pancasila's meaning as comprehensive doctrine with its meaning as a political conception. Finally, in this article, the benefit in expand Pancasila as a political conception is shown more than Pancasila as a comprehensive doctrine.


Objectives. We sought to assess the relation between glucose metabolism, myocardial perfusion and cardiac work after orthotopic heart transplantation. Background. The metabolic profile of the transplanted cardiac muscle is affected by the lack of sympathetic innervation, impaired inotropic function, chronic vasculopathy, allograft rejection and immunosuppressive therapy. In relation to myocardial perfusion and cardiac work, glucose metabolism has not previously been studied in heart transplant recipients. Methods. Regional myocardial blood flow (mlzminzg) and F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) uptake rate (mlzszg) were measured after an overnight fast in 9 healthy male volunteers (mean age 6 SD 32 6 7 years) and in 10 male patients (mean age 50 6 10 years) who had a nonrejecting heart transplant, normal left ventricular function and no angiographic evidence of epicardial coronary sclerosis. Measurements were made by using dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) with O-labeled water and FDG, respectively. Heart rate and blood pressure were also measured for calculation of rate-pressure product. Results. FDG uptake was similar in all heart regions in the patients and volunteers (intrasubject regional variabily 12 6 8% and 16 6 12%, respectively, p 5 0.51). Regional myocardial blood flow was similarly evenly distributed (intrasubject regional variability 14 6 10% and 12 6 8%, respectively, p 5 0.67). Mean FDG uptake and myocardial blood flow values for the whole heart are given because no regional differences were identified. FDG uptake was on average 196% higher in the patients than in the volunteers (2.90 6 1.79 3 10 vs. 0.98 6 0.38 3 10 mlzszg, p 5 0.006). Regional myocardial blood flow and rate-pressure product were similarly increased in the patient group, but by only 41% (1.14 6 0.3 vs. 0.81 6 0.13 mlzminzg, p 5 0.008) and 53% (11,740 6 2,830 vs. 7,689 6 1,488, p 5 0.001), respectively. Conclusions. FDG uptake is homogeneously increased in normally functioning nonrejecting heart transplants. This finding suggests that glucose may be a preferred substrate in the transplanted heart. The magnitude of this observed increase is significantly greater than that observed for myocardial blood flow or cardiac work. In the patient group, the latter two variables were increased to a similar degree over values in control hearts, indicating a coupling between cardiac work load and myocardial blood flow. The disproportionate rise in FDG uptake may be accounted for by inefficient metabolic utilization of glucose by the transplanted myocardium or by the influence of circulating catecholamines, which may stimulate glucose uptake independently of changes in cardiac work load. (J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;30:533–8) ©1997 by the American College of Cardiology


In recent years, endoscopic thyroid surgeries as cosmetic advantage have become the preferred way for patients, in which transoral thyroidectomy(TOT) has catched academics′ eyes from domestic and overseas for its excellent cosmetic effect, practicing minimally invasive concept, unique approach. However, the basic research and clinical application which is still in the initial stage leading to some limitations need to be explored. The paper addresses the development, clinical application and future directions of TOT with literatures at home and aboard.

Key words:
Thyroid; Endoscopic; Transoral thyroidectomy; Natual orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery


Chitosan sulfates have demonstrated ability to mimic heparan sulfates (HS) function. In this context, it is crucial to understand how the specific structural properties of HS domains determine their functionalities and biological activities. In this study, several HS-mimicking chitosans have been prepared in order to mimic the structure of HS-domains that have proved to be functionally significant in cell processes. The results presented herein are consistent with the hypothesis that interactions between sulfated chitosan and GFs are controlled by the combined effect of electrostatic interactions and the conformational adaptation of the polymer. Thus, we found that highly charged O-sulfated S-CS and S-DCS polysaccharides with a low degree of contraction interacted more strongly with GFs than N-sulfated N-DCS, with a higher degree of contraction and a low charge. Finally, the evidence gathered suggest that N-DCS would be able to bind to an allosteric zone and is likely to enhance GF signaling activity. This is because the bound protein remains able to bind to its cognate receptor, promoting an effect on cell proliferation as has been shown for PC12 cells. However, S-CS and S-DCS would sequester the protein decreasing the GF signaling activity by depleting the protein or locally blocking its active site.


The photo was taken with an old box-brownie found in the curved cloakroom under the sweeping staircase of my grandparents' house. The cloakroom had peeling yellow and white swan wallpaper and a little, square, mottle-glassed window, which when opened looked out on to the dusty backyard; hens pecking and squawking in the jacaranda shadows, dark figures moving indistinguishably through the thick foliage of the hibiscus hedge which less than discreetly separated the servants' quarters from the main house.


The uncertainty of renewable energy and demand response brings many challenges to the microgrid energy management. Driven by the recent advances and applications of deep reinforcement learning a microgrid energy management strategy, i.e., upper confidence bound based advantage actor-critic (A3C), is proposed to utilize a novel action exploration mechanism to learn the power output of wind power generation, the price of electricity trading and power load. The simulation results indicate that the UCB-A3C learning based energy management strategy is better than conventional PPO, actor critical and A3C algorithm.


LIBRARIESAS PUBLICLY supported institutions are without exception the creatures of some sort of legislative enactment. Of all the states, only Michigan has a constitutional provision for the establishment of public libraries. Article XI, Section 14, of the Michigan Constitution of 1908 provides: "The legislature shall provide by law for the establishment of at least one library in each township and city: and all fines assessed and collected in the several counties, cities and townships for any breach of the penal laws shall be exclusively applied to the support of such libraries." l Interestingly, this provision is originally to be found in the Michigan Constitution of 1850. However, failure to provide in a state constitution for the establishment of libraries does not derogate from the validity of legislation to that effect, either by the state legislature or by local governmental units. In fact, omission of specific provisions from the basic document of government is to be expected, and, far from being disadvantageous, may well be a benefit, since the axiom of "inclusio unius est exclusio alterius" might well work to the disadvantage of any function not specified in the constitution. So long as the constitution does not prevent the establishment of libraries, one need not be concerned. But even Michigan's constitutional provision is not self-executing: there must be legislation to carry it into effect. I t is to the legislature then, that we must look for the procedures for establishing libraries. As might be expected of a country as large and as heterogeneous as this, the library laws of the various states are not uniform, a fact which makes generalizations dangerous. However, there is a common pattern which can be seen in the legislation of the states. Almost without exception there are three governmental agencies which are given the power to establish libraries: the school district, the county, and


In this study, the effects of ultrasound as emerging technology on the activity of alpha-amylase cafter cgermination cwere c investigated. cAll cexperiments cwere carried out at 20KHz on the ultrasonic generator by considering the three effective factors, temperature (30, 50 and 70 ο C ) and time (5,10 and 15 min) in different intensities (20, 60 and 100% of total power of device(460w)).For determining the effects of these parameters the enzymatic activates measured by DNS method due to determination of the reducing sugar equivalents released. The results of these assays were analyzed by qualitek4 software using Taguchi statistical method to evaluate the factor's effects on the enzyme activity. Consequently the results of assays showed that the activity of this enzyme was reduced after germination after thermosonication by comparing to the blank.


The 1-phosphate, 2′-phosphate and 1, 2′-cyclic phosphate of 6-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)-cyclohexane-1,2,4,6-tetraol are synthesised and found to be good inhibitors of inositol monophosphatase; the stereochemistry of the most potent inhibitor, the (1R,2R,4R,6R)-1-phosphate, provides useful mechanistic insight into the action of this enzyme, the putative target for lithium therapy.


With the rapid growth of language translation tools and digital libraries, text documents can be easily translated from one language to other resulting cross-language or multilingual plagiarism. Through this article we are presenting a detailed study in the comparison of multilingual documents for the efficient language translation. Parallel corpus is used to compare multilingual text which is a collection of similar sentences and sentences which are translation of each other. A detailed study is presented in this paper with various methods used in the literature to identify the similarity between French and English languages. A heuristic ranking model was developed to assess the suitability of various string similarity methods for determining language similarity. Through this study we concluded that the Fuzzy-Wuzzy (Partial-ratio) string similarity method out performs in terms of accuracy and Spacy similarity technique finds the similarity between the languages used for translation in less amount of time.


A variety of studies have shown that human basophils are participants in allergic reactions and a recent study has indicated that it may even be important in the immediate reaction generally associated with a mast cell response. Therefore, it is important to understand how the function of these cells is regulated and whether the functionality has a re- lationship to the presence and severity of diseases like atopy. There are many indications that for IgE-mediated secretion, the regulation of syk expression is relevant to the broad distribution of outcomes observed in the general population. The factors influencing the expression of syk will be explored. In addition the outcomes of studies surveying signal element expression by various methods will be discussed.


The Zhaobao Tai chi culture forms included human's factor and the region influence,all previous dynasties deeply loves the Tai chi knowledge the Zhao fort to pass on the person to practice realizes from experience,conforms to a rule completely in its practice process.The Zhaobao Tai chi conjugated tradition as thought of people and nature to combine,contains the profound eastern philosophy,the relations of the humun to nature that each other depends on were promulgated,and has the alone charm cultural color,has the beauty to gather one,follows the gauge to defend the ritual,joyfully to cast the characteristic which will prolongs the life.


This study examines whether internal and external corporate governance (CG) mechanisms can reduce the distressed financial pressures in Indonesian manufacturing industry. As a consideration, This research was investigated whether the internal mechanisms of CG, represented by independent committees as well as audit committee characteristics, and CG's external mechanisms which demonstrated by audit quality, have a negative relationship with distressed financial pressures on the manufacturing industry on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Samples were obtained from 64 manufacturing companies with purposive sampling as a sampling method, and they were collected of 320 company observations from 2011 to 2015 as samples. Data were obtained from the Company's Annual Report published by the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2011 to 2015 as well as from the respective company's website. By using logistic regression analysis, this research shows that audit committee characteristics have a significant effect on the financial distress. However, there is no significant effect on the relation between Independent commissioners and audit quality.


Recently, it has been shown that the Schwinger-Dyson equations of QED can be closed in a certain functionalanalytic sense [8]. Using functional derivatives with respect to the free propagators and the interaction [8–14] two closed sets of equations were derived. The first one involves the connected electron and two-point function as well as the connected three-point function, whereas the second one determines the electron and photon self-energy as well as the one-particle irreducible three-point function. Their conversion to graphical recursion relations leads to a systematic graphical generation of all connected and one-particle irreducible Feynman diagrams in QED, respectively.


To solve the difficult problem that exists in the location of single-phase ground fault for coal mine underground distribution network, a fault location method using RBF network optimized by improved PSO algorithm based on the mapping relationship between wavelet packet transform modulus maxima of specific frequency bands transient state zero sequence current in the fault line and fault point position is presented. The simulation analysis results in the cases of different transition resistances and fault distances show that the RBF network optimized by improved PSO algorithm can obtain accurate and reliable fault location results, and the fault location perfor- mance is better than traditional RBF network.


The paper deals with the physico-chemical characteristics of water in the Pillaimadam Lagoon along the Palk Bay and their relationship with variations in the abundance of fish seed in the lagoon. Seven stations have been fixed covering the vast expanse of the lagoon and one at the bar mouth in the sea for collection of data at fortnightly intervals. Detailed observations have been made on variations in depth, direction of the movement of water in and out of the lagoon, atmospheric and surface water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and pH from October 1978 onwards. In addition, data on the rate of evaporation, seepage and the effect of tidal i hfluence on the depth of the water in the adjacent fish farm are also included.


A method is proposed for decomposition of stage control indices of total water resources development and utilization control in the Yellow River Basin in Qinghai Province.This method includes the decomposition of the indices of total water consumption and the indices of development and utilization of groundwater,diverted water,and surface water.The system of total water resources development and utilization control includes three indices: total surface water consumption,total groundwater consumption,and total diverted water consumption.These indices are decomposed based on the basin and administrative districts.The diverted water consumption is not added to the total water resources,but is considered in the water resources allocation.The water resources development and utilization control indices are decomposed,and the proposed method is applicable to analysis of the water resources development and utilization level of the Yellow River in Qinghai Province in 2015.


Using a sample of 46 000 EU firms from the Community Innovation Survey, this paper analyses the drivers of innovation adoption. In contrast to most empirical studies on innovation diffusion in which a specific technology is analyzed, this study covers several countries and industries in the European Union. Following Van de Ven and Van Praag (1981), Heckman's method is applied in a context of binary endogenous variable to explain the choices made by firms regarding innovation. Distinctions are made between the internal generation of innovation and the adoption of innovation produced by others, as well as between different types of adoption (product vs. process and cooperation-based adoption vs. isolated adoption). The study is focused on the impact of users' features and their cooperation with suppliers on the adoption choices. The results point out that cooperation is a key driver of adoption choices. Usual determinants such as firm size, absorptive capability or exports would foster generation of innovation instead of adoption.


The advanced ultra-supercritical power plants of the future will utilize steam pressures and temperatures that are too high for traditional ferritic steels,thus requiring austenitic materials.Older nickel-base superalloys such as 263 and 617 were initially evaluated under the European THERMIE project beginning in the 1990s.An entirely new age-hardened alloy 740 which possesses exceptional fireside corrosion resistance and creep strength was also developed for boiler tubing capable of serving at 700C.Subsequently,interest in the USA considered other product forms such as steam header piping and steam turbine forgings for service as high as 760C.A more stable and weldable alloy version now called 740H was developed to meet these more demanding conditions.This paper summarizes the current status of work on alloys 740 and 740H.


The urban park is the city area reserved for promenades, recreation, romantic dates. Unanimously considered as a part of nature, people often forget that this is a manmade planted area, where alleys and water surfaces are designed, the perspectives are controlled through massive softscaping, shrubs or flowering pockets, so that the park can express a variety of feelings. The urban park is enriched with gazebos, monuments, statues or embraces the already there or man-made ruins, spaces with a cultural destination, exhibitions. It can have a development based on a geometrical structure or free compositions. When associated to an emblematic building or integrating it, the park becomes representative too. As an organized public space, of a large weight in the economy of the urban territory, the park will reach a status of a genuine urban landmark. A park can divide districts in a city, similarly to a border but it as well connects the neigboring areas as a passing zone, thus playing an important role in building communities. Occasionally, the parks may be associated to large local or national events, at the time of their opening to the public or dedicated, hence adopting their symbolic meaning (see Ferdinand Park or Carol Park).


Purpose We examined the relationship between portal venous velocity and hepatic-abdominal fat in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), using spectral Doppler ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods In this prospective study, 35 patients with NAFLD and 29 normal healthy adults (control group) underwent portal Doppler US. The severity of hepatic steatosis in patients with NAFLD was assessed by MRI through chemical shift imaging, using a modification of the Dixon method. Abdominal (intra-abdominal and subcutaneous) fat was measured by MRI. Results The difference in portal venous velocity between the patients with NAFLD and the control group was significant (p < 0.0001). There was no correlation between the degree of abdominal or hepatic fat and portal venous velocity (p > 0.05). There were strong correlations between the hepatic fat fraction and subcutaneous adiposity (p < 0.0001), intraperitoneal fat accumulation (p = 0.017), and retroperitoneal fat accumulation (p < 0.0001). Conclusion Our findings suggest that patients with NAFLD have lower portal venous velocities than normal healthy subjects.


The students ability to understanding mathematic concept is evpected to grow and develop in mathematical learning. But, mathematical learning process in VIII th grade SMPN 22 Padang was still not involved students optimally. One of solution for this problem is applying cooperative learning model TSTS type. The goal of this research is to see whether mathematic concept understanding of student learn by using cooperative learning model TSTS type is better than student's learn by using conventional learning. The kind of this research is quasi experiment with Randomized Control Group Only Design. The result show student s mathematic concept understanding with cooperative learning model TSTS type is better than students with conventional learning. Keywords - TSTS, mathematic concept understanding, convensional learning


Precision of the Cherenkov ring pattern recognition and reconstruction relies, apart from other factors, on highly precise and stable positioning of the spherical mirrors, which focus the Cherenkov light cones produced by the particle to form ring-images on the focal plane. Prototypes of adjustable mirror mountings that hold the mirrors on the support structure have to be tested for their long-term angular stability, in order to ensure that the mirrors will not change their precisely adjusted positions inside the detector vessel. A method, together with a set-up, for such a measurement is presented. As an example, measurement results from a mirror support prototype developed for the RICH2 detector in LHCb are described and discussed. LHCb 2000 – 020 RICH


Objective To evaluate the efficacy of Urapidil hydrochloride injection in treatment of hypertensive emergency.Methods 36 patients of hypertensive emergency were treated by Urapidil hydrochloride injection.The changes in blood pressure and heart rate before and after the treatment(5min,15min,30min,60min,120min) were recorded.Results The blood pressure began to reduce after 5 min of treatment and arrived at peak after 30 min.The changes in blood pressure before and after the treatment showed significant difference (P0.01).Conclusion Urapidil hydrochloride injection is a safe and effective medicine for reducing boold pressure.


0. Introduction. 1. Syllable oonfcact changes. 2. Syllabification of consonant-f-glide in Vulgär Latin. 2.1. Evidence from metrics. 2.2. Evidence from Romance developments. 3. A tentative explanation. 3.1. Preliterary and preclassical developments of glides in Latin. 3.2. The distribution of glides in Classical Latin. 3.3. Phonetics of juncture in Classical Latin. 3.4. Phonotactic constraints on consonant+glide sequences in Classical Latin. 3.5. Non-identification of word and syllable boundary in Vulgär Latin. 3.6. Interpretation of Vulgär Latin syllabification. 3.6.1. Hül (1954). 3.6.2. Nyman (1982). 3.7. Morphological value of syllable boundaries. 3.8. Instances of natural syllabification in Vulgär Latin. 4. Conclusions.


It is very important to get the desired clad geometry characteristics and quality during the laser cladding. The thermal behaviour and clad geometry evolution of Inconel 718 during laser cladding (LC) have been studied using an enhanced three-dimensional (3-D) finite element model which includes attenuation of the laser heat flux due to the convection as well as surface to ambient radiation. The cladding layer formation process is simulated and by applying the temperature-based decision-making approach to evaluate the cladding geometry which is very important to get high quality of the cladded layers on the substrate. During the simulation, observed that more heat is transferred into to the substrate at the higher laser power which results more dilution percentage and at the same time cross sectional view of the cladded powder showed higher temperature distribution when move downward from the surface of the substrate. With increasing laser power, the clad width, penetration depth reference to the surface and clad width increases at constant scanning speed. The dilution can be minimized by varying the scanning speed and laser power simultaneously.


Informative investigations on the aboveground plant biomass of grass communities were made in the colline, montane and lower alpine belts of two mountain regions in Mongolia, the Charchiraa in the northwest and the Ich-Bogd in the south of the country. Temperature and precipitation conditions influence the biomass production. The mountain steppes and the lower alpine meadows, the main summer pasture regions of the Mongols, give especially good yields. The biomass of the colline belt (dry steppe in the Charchiraa, semi-desert or desert steppe in the Ich-Bogd) amounts to only 1/6 of the mountain steppes, including the high portion of woody parts of perennial plants. A general comparison with biomass investigations of Russian authors in Mongolia gave similar values and high fluctuations from year to year


The utility model relates to a nerve threshold stimulator which is composed by a microprocessor, a DDS signal generator, a low pass filter, an outgoing message photocoupler, a power amplifier and a stimulating current sample resistance, a feedback photocoupler and a stimulating current measurement circuit; the data bus, address bus and control bus of the DDS signal generator is connected with the corresponding bus of the microprocessor, the output of the DDS signal generator is connected with the input of the low pass filter, the output of the low pass filter is connected with the input end of the outgoing message photocoupler and the output end of the outgoing message photocoupler is connected with the input of the power amplifier, the output of the power amplifier is connected with the body electrode, the body electrode acts on the measuring brain nerves of the patient and the body of the patient connects the earth through the stimulating current sample resistance, the earth connection end and the power amplifier are on the earth at the same time, the unearth end of the sample resistance is simultaneously connected with the input end of the feedback photocoupler, the output end of the feedback photocoupler is connected with the input of the stimulating current measurement circuit while the output of the stimulating current measurement circuit is connected with the interruption input end of the microprocessor.


Abstract In 1988, the Government of Quebec adopted a regulation imposing the use of a full-face protector ( FFP) on the 100,000 adult recreational ice hockey players of the province. After one year of enforcement, the FFP use rate increased from 25% to 88%. Compliancy rates then dropped steadily to reach 76% by 1993. Based on those rates and on epidemiological data on facial injuries, health care costs and efficiency of FFPs in preventing such injuries, it was estimated that the regulation resulted so far in a net saving of $1.9 million in health care costs alone. The savings/cost ratio for the regulation is 1.87:1. If the regulation had imposed a visor instead of a full-face protector, the net savings in health care costs for the same period would have been only $96,277, for a savings/cost ratio of 1.04:1. If no regulation had been adopted at all, it is estimated that voluntary use of FFPs would have resulted in $665,912 of savings while voluntary use of visors would have resulted in a saving of $497,023...


The main purpose of this paper is to develop quantitative analysis and control design for the switched-capacitor (SC) boost DC-AC inverter proposed, and then employ them to realize DC-AC conversion function for the application of electromagnetic luminescent (EL) lamp drive. Due to SC technique, this inverter does not require any big/heavy inductive element, for examples, inductor and transformer, so its IC. fabrication is promising for realization. Here, the theoretical analysis and control design include: steady-state analysis, output/input power, conversion efficiency, voltage conversion rate, output ripple percentage, switch timing control, system stability analysis, and total harmonic distortion (THD). etc. Finally, a multi-stage SC boost DC-AC inverter is made and simulated by SPICE tool, and then to verify a variety of conclusion from theoretical analysis and control design above. In addition, a practical capacitive load: electromagnetic luminescent (EL) lamp is considered and simulated, and the results are illustrated to show the efficacy of the inverter proposed.


The persistence of direct violence on account of sectarian conflicts and the inability of Nigerian governments to restore lasting peace motivated this study. The study was descriptive and data obtained from secondary sources. The study found that ethnicity and religion were over played and often used as political weapons to achieve selfish goals; the traditional models of conflict transformation were no longer very effective while crime on account of conflict is becoming a business, as offenders often go unpunished. The government lacked the political will to address the issues of conflict but largely embarked on palliative measures. The study concludes that power sharing is the primary issue engendering conflict. In addition, the issues associated with most conflicts are surmountable given sincerity of purpose by intervening agencies. The study recommends that the traditional models of conflict transformation be strengthened as well as the involvement of Non- Governmental Agencies (NGO) while security reports on a potentially explosive situation should not be ignored. The governments need to develop sufficient political will to confront the issues of conflicts and implement previous relevant reports. Finally, good governance based on fairness and equity is a prerequisite peaceful coexistence while the press moderates sensational news on conflicts.


Abstract This phenomenology study was aimed at investigating the injury characteristic, cause of injury, and selfcare to prevent injury, and to explore alternative interventions for developing self-prevention among ricefarmers who use rice thresher in rural areas of Khon Kaen. Key informants were farmers who willing to participate and complied with the recruit criteria of the study. Data were collected by participatory observation, in-depth interview, and focus group discussion during March 1, 2008 to May 31, 2009, and data were analyzed using Colaizzi analysis. Injury and causes of injuries among thresher users were categorized into 6 characteristics: 1) transmitting belt pull the edge of fabric stripes causing death 2) broken fingers from the use of threshers, wounded cuts from rice straw or thin bamboo-stripes, 3) head bumping injury after being drunk and being carelessness at work, 4) eye injuries from rice grains and cuts through the eyes by rice straw, not wearing goggles, 5) foot injury caused by cuts from rice straw and thin bamboo-stripes, and not wearing shoes and being drunk at work, and 6) other injuries caused by carelessness at work, drunkenness, insufficient rest. Self-care conditions and obstacles to the injury prevention among farmers using thresher were: 1) night threshing caused injury from bad vision, 2) limited number of farmers accessible to rice threshers, 3) lack of thresher operating skill among farmers, 4) lack of awareness and important of injury prevention, 5) insufficient  skill worker to operate the thresher, and 6) value of drinking while operating the thresher. Self-care related experience for injury preventions among thresher users were divided into 6 groups: 1) proper clothing and use protective devices when working, 2) recess between using rice thresher, 3) sufficient sleep, 4) no alcohol drinking before and after works, 5) avoid using medicine that cause uncon-sciousness, also, 6) cautiousness while working. Self-care experience among farmers after injuries 1) First aid self-care experience after injuries i.e. eyes washing or submerging in clean water when eyeus injuries occurred, blood suppressions or wound dressing after the injury, 2) self-care for repeated injuries: wear protective facilities while working, pause between work hours, sufficient sleep, avoid alcohol drinking, avoid drugs causing unconsciousness, and cautiousness while working. Strategies for developing self-care to protect injuries from rice threshers among farmers were categorized into 3 major groups: 1) providing health education and creating self - awareness for injury prevention from the use of threshers, 2) injury surveillance and preventions among thresher users, 3) networking creation for injury prevention from the use of threshers. Keywords : Self-Care, Prevention, Injury


The morphological features fo focal dysplasia and its significanceof various colo-rectal polyps and adenocarcinomas of 76 cases were studied. The resultsshowed that the detection rates of focal dysplasia in colo-rectal polyps of various typeswere:zero in the juvenile polyps,8.3% in the hyperplastic polyps,10% in the inflamma-tory polyps,42.9% in the polypoid adenomas,50% in the familial adenoma,66.7% in thevillous adenoma and l00% in the maligant and adenome,The focal dysplasia(2 to 5 cellsat least and l0 at most)might be located in a glandular cavity or in a papillary branch,They were arranged irregularly,some protruded to the lumen of the tubules,some outsidethe basal membrane.The focal dysplasia showed enlargement of the size of the cell nu-clei,so that the nuclear cytoplasmic ratio was altered.The chromatin was increased orcondensed,and nucleoli became more prominant.Nuclei were frequently lobes in shape,or otherwise irregular,Immunohistochemical examination showed that the expression of P21 in 59.3%,CEA in 77.8%,MC3 in 59.3%and PNA in 63%. The AgNOR counts were2.84-8.6l per cell, 47.05%of the cells contained more than 4 argentaffin granules percell, granules were enlarged and irregular. The findings indicated that focal dysplasiamight be an important malignant change of precancerous iesions.


In this communication, a new bandpass reconstruction filter is developed to partially remove the low spatial frequencies of the bone and the soft tissue in an X-ray reconstruction of a lumbar spine. This partial removal of the low frequencies suppresses the bony vertebral body and the soft tissue components within the projections of actual clinical data. It also has the effect of enhancing the sharp edges of the fatty tissue surrounding the spinal cord region. The intent of this effort is to directly visualize the spinal cord without the need for water-soluble contrast (e.g., metrizamide) to be installed through lumbar punctures.


This is a practical guide to retiring abroad, written by an independent financial consultant resident in Spain. The book offers guidance on selecting a suitable country and location, with details of property prices, as well as how to enjoy life there.


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Early-onset bacterial sepsis is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. The condition is challenging to diagnose because many signs of sepsis are nonspecific and are seen in babies with noninfectious conditions. Moreover, the diagnostic


The purpose of the system designing is creating an automatic testing system(ATS) for responder beacons(RSP) based on the idea of virtual instrument.The main designing method is bus technology,such as the CompactPCI,serial port,GPIB,the Ethernet technology.The system can not only accomplish the unit measurement of the responder beacon,also can simulate the radar base to achieve the real-time monitoring,test data acquisition and analysis of the received data.The automatic testing system can enhance the efficiency,precision and automation of the test.And it also has flexible architecture and good expansibility.


Catholic parishes in the United States are complex organizations (where multiple communities coexist and interact). Relying on participant observation, in-depth interviews, and a case study approach, this chapter explores three parishes in Southern California that showcase the complexity of interactions among different racial and ethnic communities. These parishes are shared in various configurations by white, Latino, Black, and Asian parishioners, and this chapter illuminates the power dynamics of race and ethnicity as they work themselves out in American life. In shared parishes, the cultural work of constructing Catholic identity necessarily involves deploying distinct cultural expressions of Catholicism shaped by broader power dynamics of race, ethnicity, and language. This chapter lays bare this process as parishes illustrate power-in-action, with parish interactions variously producing, perpetuating, and challenging existing power dynamics and race relations.


This study aims to determine how far the factors that affect the Initial Return on Initial Public Offering (IPO) and the most dominant influence. Research using Multiple Linear Regression method, which is to know about using more than one variable affects another variable. The object used is a company that does perdahan stock offering (IPO) and also stated Listed in IDX, the sample of this study are companies that do an IPO of the year 2004-2008 as many as 18 samples.. T-test results showed that underwriter reputation has a significant relationship to the Initial Return of 2.442 with sig. t equal to 0.031 (sig. t accepted. With the rejection of Ho means Underwriter Reputation significantly influence the level of Initial Return.dan based on test results obtained, calculated F value (2.698) with a sig F for 0.074 so that Ho refused and Ha is received, which means there is no significant effect simultaneously or together. Based on this, for investors who will invest their shares in companies that do an IPO underwriter reputation as better pay for consideration to predict earnings in an investment, so that expected profits obtained as expected. REFERENCES (2000 2005). key words: factors, indonesia stock exchange, initial


Yoghurt is a drink that is currently very famous because it has many benefits for the human body. Ngeboon Panorama Indonesia Yoghurt is made from fermented milk with the addition of fruit puree, sugar, and jelly so that it has unique taste characteristics and is in demand by all groups of mothers, office workers to children. The fruit puree added makes this yoghurt richer in nutrition and benefits for the body because it has natural sugars, fiber, various vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and polyphenols. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical, chemical, and organoleptic characteristics of the yoghurt flavor variants that have been produced by Ngeboon Panorama Indonesia. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor, namely yoghurt flavor variants (strawberries, pineapple, guava and tomatoes). The data obtained were analyzed with ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) at α = 5%. If there is a difference, it is done by DMRT (Duncan's Multiple Range Test) test. Yoghurt flavor variants have a significant effect on the value of lightness, redness, yellowness because each fruit has a different color density and pigment compound. Yoghurt with strawberry flavor has the highest levels of polyphenols (632,847 mg / kg) and antioxidant activity (83.828%) compared to other flavored yoghurt. From the level of likeness of appearance, color, aroma, texture, and taste in all variants of the flavor of yoghurt is very liked by all panelists except the tomato flavor variant yoghurt at the color preference level only gets a liking value from all panelists.


Light leakage from liquid crystal displays in the dark state is relatively larger and leads to a degraded contrast ratio and color shift. This work describes a novel colorimetric model based on the Muller matrix that includes depolarization of light propagating through liquid crystal molecules, polarizers, and color filters. In this proposed model, the chromaticity can be estimated in the bump and no-bump regions of an LCD. We indicate that the difference between simulation and measurement of chromaticity is about 0.01. Light leakage in the bump region is three times that in no-bump region in the dark state.


The author of this illuminating work is Professor of the History of Religion and Director at the Center for the Study of World Religions at Harvard. This volume, which is a revision of his doctoral dissertation, stands as a significant and welcome contribution to Western scholar ship. The book not only elucidates the theological perspective of Ramanuja, but it also points the reflective reader in the direction of meaningful interreligious dialogue and understanding.


The development of concepts for new generations of products that are located at the convergence of various cutting-edge technologies requires: integration of knowledge from different fields of science and technology; the management of non-linear interactions of technical, cognitive and organizational nature; the handling of multiple and inconsistent information; innovative solving of negative correlations between different system's characteristics, etc. Despite specialists' experience, empirical approaches to the synthesis process for this category of products do not represent a reliable solution. An innovative tool for the systematic management of the synthesis process of complex innovative products is introduced in this paper. It is called the complex system design technique (CSDT) and incorporates a set of coefficients and a specific algorithm that take data from product performance planning process (e.g. data extracted from QFD-type matrices) for the formulation of a working scheme for system design (WSSD). This scheme represents a practical tool for the new product synthesis (design) process. It also allows systematic integration of innovation and analysis tools (e.g. TRIZ, AFD, Pugh, Design-FMEA, etc.) in the product synthesis process.


The ATLAS central solenoid magnet is being constructed to provide a magnetic field of 2 T in the central tracking part of the ATLAS detector. As a key technology for a solenoid coil as thin as possible, a high-strength aluminum stabilized superconductor has been developed, achieving a yield strength of >100 MPa at 4.2 K. This paper describes the status of the design and development of the solenoid magnet.


Aim: To digitally evaluate the color matching ability of a "single-shaded" resin composite versus a "single translucency" resin composite system placed in patients' teeth with different shades, and to compare both of them to a gold standard multi-shaded resin composite system, immediately after placement, after 6 months and after 12 months. Methods: 90 anterior teeth and premolars were selected in patients with class V lesions and categorized into three groups according to teeth shades (S 1 , S 2 and S 3 ). These groups were further subdivided into three subgroups according to restorative material placed in the cavities (M 1 , M 2 and M 3 ). Restoration shades were recorded directly after placement (T 1 ), after 6 months (T 2 ) and after 12 months (T 3 ) and ΔE was calculated. Results: Single-shaded resin composite (M 1 ) recorded significant lower ΔE values wih S 1 followed by S 2 and S 3 respectively (P ≤ 0.05). The color matching ability of the single translucency group-shaded resin composite was inferior to that of the single-shaded resin composite at shade S 1 while it was superior to that of the single shade resin composite at shades S 2 and S 3 . Multi-shaded resin composite (M 3 ), generally showed the best results with the three teeth shades compared to the other two materials. Time had no significant effect on color matching of the three types of restorative materials (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: The single-shaded resin composite showed more acceptable color matching with lighter teeth shades than darker teeth shades. Multi-shaded resin composite showed superior color matching ability at the three different teeth shades.


The Ras-Raf-MAPK pathway has been implicated in lung carcinogenesis and, potentially, the maintenance of the malignant phenotype in these tumors. Mutations in ras and B-raf genes have been described in lung cancer, representing one of the few examples of tandem mutations in a signaling cascade. As a result, numerous approaches to inhibiting this pathway in lung cancer have been explored in the past decade. The most promising approach to date appears to be the inhibition of mitogen-activated ERK kinase or MEK. In this review, the potential utility of MEK inhibitors in the therapy of lung cancer is discussed.


Along with the speeding up of urbanization and the improvement of people's quality of life, city garbage as a core part of the city sanitation engineering in recent years, more and more get the attention of the government. In our country, kitchen waste as part of the city garbage, the manufacturing quantity more and more. Science of processing the rubbish can not only protect the environment and people's health, but also for resources to use again. Through the survey of domestic processing of kitchen waste, put forward the domestic city for reasonable deal with the necessity of kitchen waste.


This article is devoted to the research on a way to miniaturize a microstrip branch-line hybrid coupler. The construction miniaturizing is based on a simple bend of a micro strip line. This way is simple as it does not require complex mathematical calculations. During the process of design it was taken into account that compact devices should have similar characteristics to those of conventional constructions. In addition, the modeling of the suggested coupler at the operational frequency of 1000 MHz was carried out and its frequency-response characteristics were obtained. The suggested way of the miniaturizing allowed to reduce the coupler geometrical dimensions by 84 % in comparison with the conventional construction.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Safe motherhood ensures safe pregnancy and childbirth. One of the noteworthy causes of maternal morbidity and mortality is the complications arising from prolonged or obstructed labour. World Health Organization recommends the use of partograph to significantly reduce the maternal mortality crisis. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel partograph in terms of maternal and perinatal outcomes along with its utility. Materials and Methods: A total of 400 intranatal women were selected in a non-randomized control trial to evaluate the effectiveness of novel partograph on selected maternal and perinatal outcomes. Subjects in experimental group (n=200) received care with newly developed partograph whereas subjects in control group (n=200) received standard care. Effectiveness was determined at a significance level of α ≤ 0.05. Utility of the novel partograph was determined as perceived by nurses. Results: There was significant reduction in the duration of the 1st and 2nd stage of labour (P=0.023 and 0.006 respectively) and number of vaginal examinations performed during labour (P=0.017) among mothers in the experimental group. Significant improvement in the Apgar score (P=0.005) was also observed among the infants of mothers in experimental group. Novel partograph was considered as of having extreme utility by 71% nurses. Conclusion: Study concluded that subjects monitored by the partograph experienced improved maternal and perinatal outcomes. It was found to be having extreme utility.


Serious natural disaster threatens the citizen's lives and property and it has a bad effect on the economic development of our country.With the background of the rapid development of E-government in China,this paper analyzes the status of the construction of natural disaster information system in China,and then presents the idea of the construction of serious natural disaster information system on E-government.The natural disaster information management can be integrated with the E-government in this system,and the prevention and cure of serious natural disaster can be effectively supported by the system.


Many researches on life expectancy have been done, and for most countries it is shown to be increasing. Since the life expectancy at a particular age tends to increase over time for male and female, the mortality risk tends to be lighter over time. Therefore it is expected that pensioners will live longer and thereby cause an increase in pension liabilities to the government. Many countries are now facing a problem of an increase in pension costs, and are looking for solutions to this problem. The most common solutions used are to equalize the retirement age for male and female and to raise the retirement age up to 65 years old. On 1st October 2001, the Malaysia government had extended the compulsory retirement age from 55 to 56 years old with an option to retire earlier. And up to date, the Malaysia government had again extended the compulsory retirement age to 58 years old with an option to retire earlier, which was enforced from 1st July 2008.


Tom Murphy, one of the most important contemporary Irish playwrights, has written mainly for the Irish audience. In his remarkable play, Famine, Murphy attempts to unite the national past with his contemporary Ireland by representing the Irish Famine in 1840s - one of the most important and disastro...


Non-separatist insurgents unable to overthrow a sitting government often face a problem successful rebellions can avoid: They are not the only players who can claim to be acting on behalf of the nation. They will have to imagine the nation in a new way that distinguishes them from the older, established nationalism usually promoted by the existing government. This new nationalism aims to legitimise their actions, but first and foremost it has to be attractive to the population in the region under insurgent control and later to others as well. Each camp, the government and the insurgent side, articulates its understanding of the nation to the other side. In the process, both sides often also adopt different forms of imagination to render the specifics of their nationalism more visible to their followers as well as to partisans in the other camp. This article analyses this political articulation by taking Côte d'Ivoire as an example.


The Dominative $p$-Laplacian is the operator defined for $2\le p < \infty$ as follows: \begin{equation}\label{dominativep} \mathcal{L}_{p}u(x)=\frac{1}{p}\left(\lambda_{1}+\ldots+\lambda_{N-1}\right)+\frac{(p-1)}{p}\lambda_{N},
\end{equation} where we have ordered the eigenvalues of $D^{2}u(x)$ as $\lambda_{1}\le \lambda_{2}\ldots\le\lambda_{N}$. The operator $\mathcal{L}_{p}u(x)$ was introduced by Brustand to give a natural explanation of the superposition principle for the $p$-Laplace equation.
In this paper, we present a discrete stochastic approximation to the unique viscosity solution of the Dirichlet problem for the Dominative $p$-Laplace Equation.


Deletion polymorphism in intron 16 of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme(ACE) gene has been found to be associated with a risk of essential hypertension in some black American populations. Among some caucasian populations, however, this same polymorphism has been found to be associated with an increased risk for myocardial infarction. In an on-going family study in black Americans, we compared the frequency of the ACE deletion polymorphism in 21 hypertensive probands with 28 normotensive healthy controls drawn from the same clinic. The frequency of the deletion allele in hypertensive probands was significantly higher than in normotensive controls, 0.738 versus 0.571 with p<0.01. This suggests that polymorphism in or near the ACE gene might contribute to an increased risk of essential hypertension in blacks.


We assess the predictive power of alchemical perturbations for estimating fundamental properties in ionic crystals. Using density functional theory we have calculated formation energies, lattice constants, and bulk moduli for all sixteen iso-valence-electronic combinations of pure pristine alkali halides involving elements $A \in \{$Na, K, Rb, Cs$\}$ and $X \in \{$F, Cl, Br, I$\}$. For rock salt, zincblende and cesium chloride symmetry, alchemical Hellmann-Feynman derivatives, evaluated along lattice scans of sixteen reference crystals, have been obtained for all respective 16$\times$15 combinations of reference and predicted target crystals. Mean absolute errors (MAE) are on par with density functional theory level of accuracy for energies and bulk modulus. Predicted lattice constants are less accurate. NaCl is the best reference salt for alchemical estimates of relative energies (MAE $<$ 40 meV/atom) while alkali fluorides are the worst. By contrast, lattice constants are predicted best using NaF as a reference salt (MAE $<$ 0.5{\AA}), yielding only semi-quantitative accuracy. The best reference salt for the prediction of bulk moduli is CsCl (MAE $<$ 0.4$\times$10$^{11}$ dynes/cm$^2$). Alchemical derivatives can also be used to predict competing rock salt and cesium chloride phases in binary and ternary solid mixtures with CsCl. Alchemical predictions based on dispersion corrected density functional theory with pure RbI as a reference salt reproduce reasonably well the reversal of the rock salt/cesium chloride stability trend for binary $(AX)_{1-x}$CsCl$_x$ as well as for ternary $(AX)_{0.5-0.5x}(BY)_{0.5-0.5x}$CsCl$_x$ mixtures.


The influence of level of nutrition during pre-natal and early post-natal life on adult body weight a.nd wool growth has been studied. Low levels of nutrition during pre-natal life were associated with reductions in mature body weight (c. 9 per cent.) fleece growth (c. 15 per cent.) and total number of follicles per sheep (c. 8.5 per cent.). Low levels of intake between birth and 16 weeks resulted in reduced body weight at maturity (c. IO per cent.), lower fleece weights (c. 12 per cent.) and smaller output per follicle (c. 10.5 per cent.).


Presented herein are techniques that involve utilizing a blockchain-based methodology that provides a defense against rollback attacks on a virtual machine and is scalable for other application areas. In one example, a solution is provided to avoid rollback attacks during restoration of a virtual machine under the assumption of a malicious host and hypervisor. Techniques presented herein also address problems associated with an untrusted host under certain assumptions. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Malicious login attempts on a virtual machine (VM) are typically rate limited by blocking the number of wrong attempts that can be entered by a user. However, this is not an effective method to stop the number of login attempts as the state of a virtual machine can always be restored and played back in order to restore the number of login attempts. By restoring a virtual machine in this manner, the malicious login attempts on the virtual machine can effectively become infinite. The state of a virtual machine is easily accessible from the hypervisor and host. In some instances, the state of a virtual machine can also be gained through other side channels using various hacks or other malicious means. Thus, through the use of such hacks or malicious means, it may be possible to gain unlimited attempts at hacking a virtual machine, which opens a security vulnerability. Consider an example in which a malicious entity performs ten password attempts to try and login to a virtual machine. In this example, the malicious entity would be locked out of future attempts unless the state of the virtual machine is replayed or forked, in which case the malicious entity could potentially have infinite attempts. 2 Sharma et al.: PROTECTING AGAINST MALICIOUS LOGINS ON VIRTUAL MACHINES USING BL Published by Technical Disclosure Commons, 2020 2 5927X Techniques presented herein utilize a blockchain-based methodology that provides for the ability to defend against malicious agents gaining infinite login attempts to a virtual machine. Additionally, techniques presented herein address problems that may be associated with an untrusted host under certain assumptions. A solution is provided to prevent a malicious agent from reusing the same state of a virtual machine in order to obtain infinite login attempts. In at least one implementation, a component providing secure computation (e.g., Intel® SGX, ARM® TrustZone®, etc.) can be utilized to perform techniques associated with the solution. A secure shared storage for blockchain with frequent updates from non-adversarial agents may also be utilized in order to avoid a host taking control of the blockchain ledger. For example, the secure computation component on the host can be utilized in order to validate the blockchain and also to perform operations on an input pre-committed on the ledger by a host. Using precommitment, the solution can limit the host from providing different inputs on the same virtual machine state, thereby securing the virtual machine against such attacks launched by the host. Consider a mathematical description and definition of the set-up of the blockchain solution in which O denotes an object of interest. In one example, consider that this could be a disk image for a virtual machine that needs to be protected against a rollback attack. In this example, let TF denote a trapdoor function (note, this mathematical description may not follow the exact definition of a set, but a general understanding of trapdoor functions may be utilized for this description). Further, let O' <TF(O) and K be the key to invert the trapdoor function. Therefore, O <TFInv(K, O') is a probabilistic polynomial-time (PPT) algorithm, but otherwise there does not exist a PPT algorithm to invert TF without the knowledge of K. Additionally, Let P be a PPT program that generates the valid key K based upon a given input. In one example, this input may be a user password or the like. Mathematically, a description can be provided such as: K <P(I), where I is the input to the program (e.g., the password in this example). Additionally, let EP <E(K', P), where EP denotes an encrypted program which is encrypted using an authenticated encryption with associated data (AEAD) algorithm E 3 Defensive Publications Series, Art. 2858 [2020] https://www.tdcommons.org/dpubs_series/2858 3 5927X using key K'. The AEAD can be used in order to hide the details of converting I to K from the host (using encryption) and to avoid changes (such as bit flips) to P by changing EP. Further, let VM <{EP, O', ...} denote a VM image that can be restored on a host and let L denote a ledger maintained by a third party using a protocol similar to blockchain. The ledger is to be present at a shared location maintained by a third party in order to avoid any forgery by the possibly malicious host. In addition, let C be the public certificate of the third party maintaining the shared ledger. The public certificate (C) can be used to verify whether L is a fake ledger or not since the host may fake network communications and present a fake ledger. Let SL denote the signature by the third party over a hash of the ledger. Finally, let OID be an identifier (ID) provided by a user to uniquely identify each distinct copy of O. This can be a publicly known identifier used to calculate how many times attempts have been made to compute O. For the present example, consider various steps (in which certain steps may be highlighted in Figure 1, below) as follows:  A user sets up K', C, OID and any other data for the secure computation unit (e.g., SGX : SetupSGX(K', C, OID, ...)), as generally shown in Step 1 for Figure 1.  When the host would like to restore the VM image, the host is to execute P in order to restore O.  The host pre-commits to a given input by declaring (H(I), OID) on a ledger L maintained by a third party and H is a one-way function (preferably a cryptographic hash function), as generally shown at Step 2 in Figure 1. Further, the host requests L and SL from the third party, which is sent to the host as shown at Step 3 in Figure 1.  The host sends (EP, L, H, I, SL) to the secure computation unit, as generally shown at Step 4 in Figure 1.  The secure computation unit verifies the authenticity of ledger L using C and SL and, further, verifies the integrity of ledger L using hash values present in the ledger. 4 Sharma et al.: PROTECTING AGAINST MALICIOUS LOGINS ON VIRTUAL MACHINES USING BL Published by Technical Disclosure Commons, 2020 4 5927X  The secure computation unit verifies any state that it is to check. In this example, this can be the number of times a login has been attempted for the VM in which the latest commitment corresponding to OID corresponds to H(I).  If everything looks fine, the secure computation unit computes P from EP using the stored key K': P <D(K', EP), where D denotes the decryption function corresponding to E.  The secure computation unit executes P upon input I to compute K in which K <P(I), as generally shown at Step 5 in Figure 1.  The secure computation unit returns K to the host (e.g., K <SGX(EP, L, H, I, SL), as generally shown at Step 6 in Figure 1.  The host computes O <TFInv(K, O') and follows up with further processing on the VM. In this example, this can include restoring the snapshot of the VM. Thus, the above steps and Figure 1, below, illustrate that blockchain can be utilized to protect against rollback attacks launched by the hypervisor on a virtual machine.


in Germany. In this study, the respective prevalence was determined by employing the Unrelated Question Model (UQM; Greenberg et al., 1969), which is an indirect questioning technique for sensitive topics. During this process, the influence of comprehension instruction was also ex-amined. In an online survey, students of the University of Tübingen were questioned, either via direct questioning or via UQM (in two variations). A lifetime prevalence of 44 % was estimated for all three groups. Explanations for the results are discussed and future research questions regarding both driving while intoxicated and the mechanisms of the UQM are presented.


The strategic role of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the midst of a national economic life, a fact that can not be denied any longer. The strategic role is primarily related to the amount, distribution and potential. In addition to being the life expectancy for most people of Indonesia, KUKM also capable of absorbing high enough jobs. The problem that arises is the need for internal control in a company. SAK ETAP expected use of small, medium, able to prepare its financial statements to obtain funds for business development. To achieve these objectives, the required system, particularly in securing wealth, maintain accuracy and to what extent the reliability of accounting data in the cooperative. The research method is done by collecting data used questionnaire method. The questionnaire was given to the cooperative supervisors each, totaling 91 supervisors of cooperatives in all cooperatives in the city of Semarang. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Results of this research are: 1) There is a positive and significant influence between the independence of the internal control supervisors, so that if the independence of the supervisory increase the cooperative's internal control will also increasingly baik. 2) There is a positive and significant influence between the competence of the internal control, so that when supervisory competence increases, the internal control co-operatives will also be baik. 3) There is no influence of the scope of work on internal control. The level of complexity of the scope of the labor inspectors are not always followed by the low height of the internal control cooperatives. 4) There is a positive and significant influence between accounting information system of internal control, so that when the accounting information system of internal control, the better the cooperative will also be better