We report our simulation results for the dynamic characteristics of single‐transit SiC SiC impact‐ionization avalanche transit‐time (IMPATT) diodes. An iterative Monte Carlo–Crank‐Nicholson technique has been used to solve the coupled electron transport‐heat conduction problem. This procedure allows for accurate computation of both the device current as a function of temperature, time, and position, and the internal heat generation. The technique is quite general, has not been used before, and can be applied for the analysis of any power device. Our results show that the internal power generation profile within the SiC IMPATT device can have a very nonuniform axial distribution. The internal heating is seen to significantly degrade the device efficiency and optimum operating frequency. With thermal effects the output current values are lower and the transit time is increased.


We have theoretically analyzed the potential efficiency improvement to multi-junction solar cell efficiencies which are available through the incorporation of quantum dot using detailed balance calculations. We have also experimentally investigated the Stranski-Krastanov growth of self-organized InAs quantum dots and quantum dot arrays on lattice-matched GaAs by metallorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). The morphology of the quantum dots were investigated as a function of their growth parameters by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Photoluminescence and optical absorption measurements have demonstrated that the incorporation of InAs quantum dots (QD) into a GaAs structure can provide sub-GaAs bandgap electronic states


A Steptoe and J Wardle; eds. 525 pages. New York: Cambridge Univ Pr; 1995. $94.95. ISBN 0-521-41610-8. Order phone 800-872-7423. An anthology of journal articles on such topics as stress and strain, personality types, modification of risk behaviors, medication compliance, and self-examination. Each section is composed of a group of papers on closely related subjects and is introduced with a summary view.


The charge/discharge imbalance problems in series-connected batteries may result in ravage to cells in battery and decrease battery life cycles. This study presents a comparison survey study among different modular cell balancing approaches that are used to balancea battery cell voltage for battery management systems. In particular, the cell equalizing methods that are considered in this paper have a modular structure. This paper would provide guidelines for selecting a suitable topology during the design process of modular cell balancers. A module concept of modular cell balancer shown in the paperis useful for future research on modular cell equalization approaches for energy storage applications.


Background: Breast cancer is a common malignancy in women. DCTPP1 is a potential target for the development of antitumor drugs, and plays an important role in the process of DNA replication. Aims: To investigate the biological role of DCTPP1 gene, as well as its expression in breast cancer and its relation to patient prognosis. Materials and Methods: Breast cancer data was derived from the TCGA database. Using the UALCAN database, the expression level of DCTPP1 mRNA in breast cancer tissues was investigated. The expression of DCTPP1 in various pathological types of breast cancer was studied using the Human Protein Atlas. UALCAN was also used to investigate the relationship between DCTPP1 gene expression and breast cancer patient prognosis. Bioinformatics studied the proteins related to DCTPP1 expression and their roles in the GeneMANIA and WebGestalt databases. Results: DCTPP1 mRNA was significantly expressed in breast cancer compared to normal breast tissue (P<0.001). DCTPP1 was shown to be highly expressed in breast cancer tissues from different pathological types and stages (P<0.001). The DCTPP1 protein was expressed at a higher frequency in breast cancer than in normal breast tissue. When compared to patients with low DCTPP1 expression, patients with high DCTPP1 expression had a considerably shorter overall survival time. The 20 proteins related to DCTPP1 expression were mostly located in the nucleus and membrane, and were involved in biological regulation, stimulus response, metabolic process, and other processes, according to gene ontology analysis. It plays an important role in protein binding, ion binding, and nucleic acid binding. Conclusion: DCTPP1 is highly expressed in breast cancer, and is associated to a poor prognosis for patients with breast cancer. DCTPP1 may be a potential therapy and intervention target for breast cancer.


An angle measuring tracking technique based on conical scanning is proposed to be used in mobile satellite communication system.Following an introduction of the principle of this technique,detailed analysis is devoted to two key parameters in conical scanning tracking system,beam deviation angle and frequency of scanning.together with the simulation of their influence on the system performance.By use of an elegant structure design,the technique reduces both the volume and the cost.The system uses digital signal processing approach to get rid of traditional analogue error demodulator circuit.


The frame is not only the main body of the bicycle but also the bearing part of the bicycle. It bears the gravity of people and the weights of the bicycle. It must have enough reliability, durability, and lightness. According to the working conditions of the frame, the strength is checked from static strength and fatigue strength, and the length of each member of the bicycle frame and the angle between them are designed. The model is created by using PRO/E three-dimensional design software. The established three-dimensional model is imported into ANSYS finite element software, and then the static and modal simulation of the frame structure is established. Finally, the optimization of the frame is completed according to the analysis results.


Airbus Defence and Space developed with its partners iXBlue and CILAS an engineering breadboard (EBB) model of optical communication chain able to manage nonreturn to zero (NRZ) on-off-keying (OOK) and differential phase shift keying (DPSK) modulations at 10 Gb/s and 25 Gb/s. The EBB includes a digital processing unit (DPU), an optical transceiver (Tx/Rx) and a 5 W-optical booster. It uses wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology to increase the total data rate. This is a first step towards the development of an engineering model (EM) that will be developed in 20202021. This paper reports a part of measurements performed on the EBB, particularly the performance of NRZ-OOK and NRZ-DPSK modulations for 3 × 25 Gb/s channels. Measurements reveal that non-linear effects start to appear inside the 5 W-booster. Because of its constant envelope during bit time, NRZ-DPSK signal is less sensitive to power modulation-related non-linear effects than NRZ-OOK The average sensitivity of the NRZ-OOK and NRZ-DPSK links at 25 Gb/s are respectively −36.8 dBm and −40.2 dBm for bit error ratio (BER) at 10−3.


The increasing demand for 3D geospatial data is driving the development of new products. Laser scanners are becoming more mobile, affordable, and user-friendly. With the increased number of systems and service providers on the market, the scope of mobile laser scanning (MLS) applications has expanded dramatically in recent years. However, quality control measures are not keeping pace with the flood of data. Evaluating MLS surveys of long corridors with control points is expensive and, as a result, is frequently neglected. However, information on data quality is crucial, particularly for safety-critical tasks in infrastructure engineering. In this paper, we propose an efficient method for the quality control of MLS point clouds. Based on point cloud discrepancies, we estimate the transformation parameters profile-wise. The elegance of the approach lies in its ability to detect and correct small, high-frequency errors. To demonstrate its potential, we apply the method to real-world data collected with two high-end, car-mounted MLSs. The field study revealed tremendous systematic variations of two passes following tunnels, varied co-registration quality of two scanners, and local inhomogeneities due to poor positioning quality. In each case, the method succeeds in mitigating errors and thus in enhancing quality.


Purpose
This study aims to examine the extent to which organizational dissent predicts perception of workplace bullying. As previous studies have reported inconsistent and sometimes contradictory results regarding the interaction between the reporting of bullying and demographic variables, these variables are examined in the New Zealand context. Organizational communication research provides considerable insight into the ways individuals make sense of and resist workplace bullying through juxtaposition with the concepts of dissent and intragroup conflict.

Design/methodology/approach
A nationally representative sample of managers in New Zealand (n = 239) was conducted. Surveys included demographic questions and the following measures: Organizational Dissent Scale and Negative Acts Questionnaire Revised Scale.

Findings
Key results and indications for further research are highlighted by the third model in this study. First, workers who reported they engaged in either articulated dissent or latent dissent were more likely to perceive workplace bullying. Second, workers who are more likely to express contrary opinions in the workplace are more likely to recognize, acknowledge and tolerate less positive interactions in the workplace such as bullying.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to analyze dissent and bullying in the New Zealand context. Second, this research raises the question of whether there is a conflation of work-related bullying behaviors and bad leadership styles that may not be targeted (e.g. authoritative leadership and micromanaging). Finally, communication research provides a distinctive contribution by exploring the narrative form of worker responses to perceived bullying. In this manuscript, the authors examine potential predictors on the perception of workplace bullying in the context of New Zealand, particularly focus on the relationship between dissent and the perception of workplace bullying.


The smectic-y^ phase can be characterized as a onedimensional density wave in an orientationally ordered fluid.'-^ When the constituent molecules are symmetric only one type of smectic-^ phase occurs, viz., the monolayer A1 phase in which the periodicity of the density wave (or the layer spacing d) is approximately equal to the molecular length (/). When the molecules have a strongly polar end group, several types of A phases are seen.^ In addition to the monolayer A\ phase, there are the partially bilayer Ad phase, the bilayer A2 phase, and the incommensurate A\c phase.'* They can be identified unambiguously on the basis of the x-ray diffraction patterns obtained from monodomain samples. The A\ phase gives a strong diffraction maximum (quasi-Bragg peak) at a wave vector Iq^^^^ln/i, the A2 phase two maxima, the fundamental at q^ and the second harmonic at 2<7oThe Ad phase also has two maxima, these being at q'o =2n/l' (where / < / ' < 2/) and 2^oIn addition, a diffuse maxima centered around 2<7o is seen in the Ad phase. The smectic-^ polymorphism exhibited by the terminally polar compounds has been successfully explained in terms of a phenomenological model. ^"^ More recently, the nature of the Ad phase and its relation to the A\ and A 2 phases were examined theoretically by Barois, Prost, and Lubensky.^ They used the phenomenological model within the framework of the mean-field theory to study phase diagrams as well as x-ray scattering intensities. It has been argued that, the symmetries of the Ad and A2 phases being identical, there cannot be a second-order phase transition between them. (These arguments should, in principle, be valid for the A\-Ad transition also. The A1-A2 transition can, however, be second order'^ because of the exact doubling of the layer periodici ty . ' ' ) The theory of Barois, Prost, and Lubensky^ also predicts that a first-order phase boundary along which the Ad and A 2 phases coexist can terminate at a critical point similar to the gas-liquid critical point. There have been some experimental attempts'^"'"* to observe the Ad-A2 critical point, but they have so far remained unsuccessful. We present in this Letter the results of our miscibility and x-ray studies on binary mixtures of 4-A2-undecy loxy pheny 1-4'(4 " -cyanobenzyloxy ) benzoate (or 1 lOPCBOB) and 4-«-nonyloxybiphenyl-4'-cyanobenzoate (or 90BCB) which have led to the first observation of the Ad-A2 critical point (CP). We show that the first-order Ad-A2 transition characterized by a jump in the wave vectors terminates at a CP in the temperatureconcentration plane. We also show that the width of the coexistence region associated with the Ad-A 2 transition, as well as the difference in the wave vectors at the transition, goes to zero at a CP. The phase diagram of the 1 1 0 P C B 0 B 9 0 B C B binary system is shown in Fig. 1. This diagram has been obtained by observing under a polarizing microscope the optical textures exhibited by the different phases. It is seen that for the mole fractions of l l O P C B O B (X) less than 0.52, the ribbon phase C intervenes between the Ad and A 2 phases. However, with increasing X the C gets suppressed leading to a direct Ad-A2 transition which is seen optically as a readjustment of the focal conic texture. We shall show in the following that the first-order Ad-A2 transition terminates at a critical point (CP) in the temperature-concentration plane. The results of x-ray studies for a number of concentrations on either side of CP are shown in Fig. 2. These high-precision data were obtained using a computer controlled Guinier diffractometer (Huber model 644). Cu Ka] and Ka2 lines were separated by using a bend quartz monochromator in the Johansson geometry and only the Ka\ line was used for the experiment. The sample filled in a Lindemann glass capillary (0.5 mm in diameter) was oriented by slow cooling from the nematic to the Ad phase in the presence of a 2.4-T magnetic field. The oriented sample was then transferred along with the temperature controlled oven to the goniometer of the diffractometer. Temperatures were held constant to ± 5 mK or better during any measurement of the Bragg angle 0. The precision in the determination of the wave


【Objective】To investigate the development of ovary and oocytes of Varicorhinus macrolepis,and the effect of sex hormone on development of ovary.【Method】Anatomy,histology,histochemistry of the oocytes were studied and the changes of sexual steroid by Radioimmunoassay(RIA) in annual reproductive cycle were also studied in the study;【Result】The results are as follows:(Ⅰ) from February to April,the ovary developed from phase Ⅳ to phase Ⅴ;(Ⅱ) from April to June,the ovary was in phase Ⅴ;(Ⅲ) from June to July,after the finish of ovulation,the ovary entered phase Ⅵ.(Ⅳ) in August,the ovary changed into phase Ⅱagain;(Ⅴ) from September to January next year,ovary was in Ⅲ period and spent cold in winter.The concentration of E2 went up to peak in March before ovulating(53.6 pg.ml-1 around),and began to drop to minimum point from April to September and maintained at low level until January,then began to rise to March.The concentration of 17α,20β-DHP rose to the highest point in April,and maintained at high level to the end of ovulating.Then it decreased from July to November and maintained at low level until March of next year;【Conclusion】The results indicated that Varicorhinus macrolepis is in a successive process,and spawning season only once a year.The modulation of E2 and 17α,20β-DHP was sufficient to the oocytes development in Varicorhinus macrolepis.


The invention concerns an intermediate server station (4) on the Internet (9) equipped with a request manager so as to receive a request from a user station (2) requesting the setting up of a connection between said user station (2) and a site (1) of the network. The intermediate server station (4) comprises an encryption software element adapted to propose a customised encryption mode, and to encrypt the addresses and data page titles of sites consulted on the user station (2). Said encryption enables the recording of said encrypted addresses and page titles in a history module and in a bookmark module on the user station.


This research aims to introduce the advantages of FRM masonry structures over plain masonry members. The masonry walls durability is at stake during the earthquake more than any other structural components. In this experiment for enhancing the tensile and compressive strength, ductility, toughness of mortar locally available and economical fibers is used. In this paper, the investigation is evaluated based on three different effects, effects of the volume ratio of fiber, types of fibers (Steel, Nylon and natural fibers), and length of fibers. Also, the tensile stress-strain behavior of FRM is found by MATLAB analysis. The tensile capacity of hooked steel FRM having volume ratio 1.5% is increased by 2.1 times and for mild steel wire having 3% volume ratio capacity is increased by 1.44 times with respect to control specimen. This research can propose FRM with steel fiber and nylon fiber can merge to the masonry constructions to increase ductility, stability along with crack resistance at the time of natural calamities especially during the earthquake when masonry structures are subjected to seismic loading.


This paper presented a vector controlled drives of permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) by using Proportional-Integral (PI) Speed controller based dSPACE implementation. The concept of vector control is applied to PMSM to obtain linear dynamics similar to that of a DC motor. The model consist of two control loops, hysteresis current controller is used for inner loop current control and PI controller for outer loop speed control. PI speed controller selected due to simplicity compare to fuzzy, neutral etc. to make sure dSPACE DS1103 successfully implemented. The PMSM vector control algorithm for a theoretical basic has been verified by experimental results and created a rapid control prototype environment by using MATLAB/ Simulink and the DS1103 DSP of dSPACE.


The reflectance-based method is used to determine an absolute-radiometric calibration of Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper for the solar reflective portion of the spectrum. Results are given for data collected at White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico on 1993-08-15 and 1993-10-21. These results are compared to those obtained from applying an identical approach to data collected in 1984, 1985, and 1988. Results indicate sensor degradation in the first three bands with greatest degradation at the shortest wavelengths. The reflectance-based method is also to be used for the in-flight, absolute-radiometric calibration of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) to be launched on the Earth Observing System's AM1 platform. The authors describe the anticipated improvements to the reflectance-based method and their application and impact on the calibration of ASTER. These improvements should allow the absolute calibration of ASTER at the 3% level.<<ETX>>


The present paper deals with histological observations of the reproductive organs of the lined shore crab, Pachygrapsus crassipes, (Grapsidae, Brachyura), known as a common crab which widely inhabits the rocky beaches of the Japanese Islands. The materials used were collected from the coast of Niigata City, facing the Japan Sea, and the period of collection extended from April to November, 1969. The male reproductive organ consists of six parts, and are as follows: the testis, coiled vas deferens, median vas deferens, prostate gland, ejaculatory duct, and external penis. The thicker part of the epithelium of the coiled vas deferens produces the secretory droplets, which are weakly positive to PAS reaction, and are released into the lumen. The prostate gland, consisting of many blind tubes with a simple layer of epithelium, produces secretory droplets of the spindle shape that become stained with basophilic dyes. Both types of secretory droplets reach the ejaculatory duct, and move to the basal portion of the penis together with spermatozoa. While the outer surface of the penis is coated with a chitinous layer, its epithelium constituting an inner duct is invaginated deeply into the cavity. The female reproductive organ consists of the ovary, chitinated short duct, and the seminal receptacle. In the central part of the ovary a germinal center is visible, and the oocytes develop and migrate toward the cortical region of the ovary. A simple layer of the columnar epithelium of the seminal receptacle produces the basophilic substance in colloidal form which are discharged into the lumen. The secretory function of this epithelium is more active in the virgin crab than in crabs after copulation. There could not be seen spermatophore and/or its related material anywhere in the gonoducts of this crab.


With the urbanization process accelerated,many farmer's land have been imposed.The phenomenon generally exists in process of land expropriation which landless peasant's rights being violated,urgently need solution.Base on the investigation of 500 landless peasants in Zhejiang Province,the thesis analyses the main reason of rights damaged in land expropriation,then proposes some corresponding countermeasures,to be benefit in solving the rights protection of landless peasants.


One of the most effective approaches to noise robust speech recognition is to remove the noise effect directly from corrupted MFCC vectors. However, VTS enhancement, which is a typical method for performing MFCC enhancement, provides limited improvement when the noise is highly non-stationary. This is because the VTS enhancement method cannot use a time-varying noise model to keep the computational cost at an acceptable level. This paper proposes a method that can enhance MFCC vectors and their dynamic parameters by using noise estimates that change on a frame-by-frame basis at a practical computational cost. The proposed method employs stereo data-based feature mapping like the well known SPLICE algorithm. The novelty of the proposed method lies in that it uses the joint space spanned by a concatenated vector of corrupted and noise features. It is also proposed to use linear discriminant analysis to effectively reduce the dimensionality of the joint space. The proposed method achieves 19.1% and 8.3% relative error reduction from the SPLICE and noise-mean normalized SPLICE algorithms, respectively.


The work presents the results of studying the use of public transport for the riding purposes in selected transport surveys. The planners have to forecast the number of public transport users during a day, week, months in the year, location and direction, jurney, lenght, speed and time, which is important in the estimate of the public transport proposal. The estimated passenger traffic on the observed public transport lines is of great importance in the decision-making, in order to attract as many users of public transport as possible. The characteristics of public transport users are presented through incomes, ownership of passenger cars, gender, age and profession. The work also presents the difference between captive passengers of public transport and choice riders. As coclusion the work gives the overview of the types of people who use public transport and reasons for that, as well as special interest regarding social or political reasons.


One of the alternatives and most popular heuristics for global optimisation and for training artificial neural networks is the application of evolutionary searching method. This paper investigates the internal details of the evolutionary searching mechanism from theoretical aspects and also from experimental parallel execution aspects utilising commercial (AWS) and community (ELKH) cloud resources. The paper introduces and evaluates a procedure where the resources assigned for the execution of calculations are scalable horizontally in order to increase significantly the speed of processing.


The synergy effects of product, process, marketing, and organizational innovation are examined with consideration of the innovativeness levels and industrial categories. This study also investigates the effect of a firm's strategic orientations, exploration and exploitation, on innovation activities. Results indicate that exploration and exploitation orientations have positive impacts on product innovation and process innovation respectively. Process innovation encourages both radical and incremental product innovation. In case of the moderating effect of marketing and organizational innovation, there are some differences between high-tech and low-tech industry. For high-tech firms, the relationship between a new product and firm performance is increased with the introduction of marketing innovation. In the case of low-tech firms, process innovation has direct and positive impacts on a firm's performance with organizational innovation. The findings show that the synergy effects of innovation exist and can be changed depending on the innovativeness levels and industrial categories.


Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici inhabits most tomato-growing regions worldwide, causing tomato production yield losses. A molecular marker linked to resistance would be useful for tomato improvement programmes. Thus, a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker TAO1 902 was developed to identify tomato genotypes possessing the 1-2 gene, which confers resistance to F. o. lycopersici race 2. The RsaI or Fokl restriction fragments corresponded to the presence or absence of the 1-2 allele in a segregating 100 F 2 progeny, tomato cultivars, 16 resistant and 20 susceptible to Fusarium wilt, respectively, lines and F 1 hybrids, representing various tomato gene pools. TAO1 902 may be helpful for selection of F. o. lycopersici-resistant tomato germplasm.


Fully relativistic ab initio calculations have been performed on energy levels of cerium in BaF{sub 2}, LaF{sub 3}, YAP (yttrium aluminum perovskites) and YAG. Also nonrelativistic calculations were done on cerium in LSO (lutetium oxy orthosilicate). The results are in fair agreement with experiment. Both the splitting of the 4f and 5d levels and the 4f-5d energy gap can be explained in the high symmetry crystal BaF{sub 2} as well as in the low symmetry crystals LaF{sub 3}, YAP, YAG and LSO. The more traditional nonrelativistic approach is not capable to handle 4f-5d energy differences but can be used for the description of the 5d state and other properties which do not critically depend on the 4f state. The authors have estimated the position of the cerium levels in the gap of the host materials. So important information for luminescence of cerium centers is obtained.


We present instrument concepts for in-situ reflectance spectroscopy over a spatial resolution range from several meters to tens of μm. These have been adapted to the low mass and power requirements of rover or similar platforms. Described are a miniaturized imaging spectrometer for rover mast, a combined mast and arm point spectrometer, and an imaging microspectrometer for the rover arm.


The ongoing devastating epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Iran and the evolving public health situation is very concerning. We have developed a deterministic epidemiological SEIR (Susceptible, Exposed, Infectious, Recovered) model to quantify the required time and efficacy to bring the COVID-19 outbreak under control in Iran. Our results showed that the efficacy of COVID-19 confronting strategies on Feb 29th and March 9th were at 0.5 and 0.7, respectively owing to the relative equivalence number of infected cases estimated by the model and national officially reported cases. Therefore, to control the COVID-19 outbreak in Iran we strongly recommend maintaining the effectiveness of interventions at 0.7 or more at least for the next 4-6 weeks. Because the COVID-19 declining statistics over the next few days or weeks do not mean the definitive control of the outbreak.


This paper looks at the highly complex issue of policy-making related to English teaching in Sri Lanka by comparing recent government policy, as disseminated through press releases, newspaper articles and policy documents, with previous post-colonial policy decisions regarding English language teaching. The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis and critique of government policy in engaging with English as the language of globalization. In Sri Lanka, English has historically been viewed by the majority as the language of the elite and of the 'coloniser' (Kandiah, 1984). The prestige of English remains today as it is considered a prerequisite for securing jobs in both the private and public sectors (Raheem & Ratwatta, 2004) and a precondition for social mobility (Fernando, 1977; Parakrama, 1995). Despite the Sri Lankan government's repeated attempts to create language policy in order to make English more accessible to the larger community, it has remained a gatekeeper for many. With the end of the 30-year civil war in 2009 the government declared trilingual national policy over 10 years. Despite this claim, the policy implemented in the first two years has focussed not on the vernaculars but on improving English Language Teaching. As the government acknowledges the importance of English for employment and business in a globalized world, the agenda is on creating policy and practice that focuses on teaching 'English as a Life Skill'. This paper will explore this policy stance and examine the government's privileging of English in a global/local setting. The extent to which this is achievable and the manner in which the vernacular languages are effected by this initiative will also be discussed. References Fernando, C. (1977). English and Sinhala Bilingualism in Sri Lanka. Language in Society 6 (3), 341 - 360. Kandiah, T. (1984). "Kaduva": Power and the English language weapon in Sri Lanka In P. C.-T. A. Halpe (Ed.), Honouring EFC Ludowyk . Colombo: Tisara Prasakayo. Parakrama, A. (1995). De-hegemonizing language standards: learning from (post)colonial Englishes about "English" . Hampshire: Macmillan Press. Raheem, R., & H. Ratwatte. (2004). Visible strategies: invisible results: language policy and planning in Sri Lanka. In S. M. A. T. S. Mansoor (Ed.), Language policy, planning and practice - A South Asian perspective (p. 14). Karachi: Oxford University Press.


Providing reference architectures for general natural language applications, software architecture for language engineering has gradually became one of the main research fields of language engineering in the past several years. This paper makes a short review on this fresh area, introduces its primary concepts, and discusses some representative progresses. Based on the analysis to the current work, we present some promising direction for future research.


The utility model discloses a multi-seat rotary connecting device, which is used for course equipment and mainly comprises a U-shaped fixed seat (1), a shaft pin (2), a main rotary seat (3), a rotary arm pin (4), a rotary arm (5), a passing hole (6), a bearing (7) and the like, wherein shaft pin holes are arranged on the U-shaped fixed seat (1) and the main rotary seat (3), the U-shaped fixed seat (1) and the main rotary seat (3) are connected through the shaft pin (2), a bearing hole is arranged on the main rotary seat (3), the main rotary seat (3) is connected with the rotary arm pin (4) through the bearing (7), the rotary arm pin (4) is fixed on the rotary arm (5), and the passing hole (6) is arranged on the rotary arm (5). The multi-seat rotary connecting device realizes the effect that the simultaneous multi-position and multi-direction rotation of the same equipment joint can be realized, so the use of the equipment is flexible.


BackgroundThe National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines do not currently recommend the use of salbutamol in infants under the age of 2 years due to lack of evidence of effectiveness and concerns about harm. It has been estimated that only 17–27% of UK clinical practice may be compliant with these guidelines. In February 2020 the Joint Royal Colleges Ambulance Liaison Committee (JRCALC)) changed their guidelines for managing respiratory distress in children, emphasizing that salbutamol is rarely effective in children under 1 year of age.ObjectivesWe conducted a quality improvement project assessing the use of pre-admission nebulised salbutamol in infants under 12 months brought in by ambulance to an English NHS Emergency Department (ED), before and after the change to the JRCALC guidelines.MethodsThe audit compared two periods: November 2019;and November/December 2020. Two months were required in 2020 to increase the number of patients included. Electronic patient records for November 2019 were retrospectively audited. Inclusion criteria included: all children under 1 year old brought in by ambulance with an initial presentation documented as respiratory distress and/or a final ED discharge diagnosis of bronchiolitis, upper respiratory tract infection, lower respiratory tract infection or viral induced wheeze. We recorded whether these children were treated with nebulised salbutamol before arrival. We then developed an educational video in September 2020 highlighting the above mentioned JRCALC guideline changes and shared it on the Oxfordshire paramedics teaching website. We then conducted a repeat audit for November and December 2020.ResultsIn November 2019, 53 infants were brought in by ambulance to our ED fitting the inclusion criteria, of which 9 (17%) had been given nebulised salbutamol by the paramedics. In November and December 2020, 19 infants met inclusion criteria, of which 2 (15%) received salbutamol from the paramedics. The two patients who received salbutamol were less than 6 months old and were not diagnosed with viral induced wheeze or anaphylaxis.ConclusionsThe JRCALC guidelines for salbutamol were adhered to in 83–85% of the pre-hospital cases that were audited. The change in salbutamol practice between audit cycles was small, however analysis is limited by the low number of patients. Unfortunately, only 4 paramedics watched our video;this may have been related to the pressures of the COVID -19 pandemic that were experienced during this time. We therefore need to assess the best way to disseminate guideline changes to our teams. There was a significant decline (75%) in the number of children brought into our hospital by ambulance with respiratory problems from 2019 to 2020, requiring us to expand data collection to two months, likely to be due to a reduction in circulating respiratory viruses due to the social response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The two infants who received salbutamol did not have a clinical indication for their use in this age group (i.e. anaphylaxis). We need to improve dissemination of guidelines pertaining to management of respiratory problems in infants to pre-hospital care providers by repeating the training when the pandemic is over.


Increasing numbers of wind turbines are connected to electrical power systems. Wind turbines are based on technologies different from the synchronous generator, such as the squirrel cage induction generator and high or low speed generators that are grid coupled through a power electronic converter. When connected in small amounts, the impact of distributed generation on power system transient stability will be negligible, but, at the present time, dynamic analysis of power systems has a great significance and several wind turbine models has been developed, but very little attention has been given to development of wind generation models to support fault analyses by protection engineers. This paper analyzes the wind turbine models applied in protection engineering software, used to calculate and test the response and the coordination among protective devices. The study has been applied to the overcurrent protection.


Provided is an electrode pattern of a touch panel, including: a plurality of conductive pattern cells which are formed to be spaced apart from each other on a substrate; and an insulating layer which is formed on the conductive pattern cells; and a plurality of metal bridge line electrodes which are formed on the insulating layer so that the conductive pattern cells are connected to each other.


Microstructural control in surface layers using continuous cyclic bending (CCB) and its bendability in a commercial purity titanium sheet have been investigated. The sheet of the titanium worked by CCB with little dimensional change showed 1.2 times higher hardness than that before CCB on the surface. The microstructure was controlled by CCB and the subsequent annealing for grain refinement leading to better formability in microscopic level. There was a remarkable difference in softening behavior after annealing between the samples continuous-cyclic-bent in rolling and transverse directions. This is attributable to formation of the microstructure where recrystallization does not occur easily after CCB in transverse direction. The fine grained samples showed smooth surfaces after a bending formability test, while the coarse grained one had a lot of microscopic cracks on the surface, especially for the CCB in transverse direction.


A model is presented to interpret in situ laser reflectance interferometry (LRI) measurements of film growth. The model uses no adjustable parameters and measures film thickness, growth rate, attenuation, and root‐mean‐square (rms) surface roughness in situ and in real time. For the particular case of diamond film growth on silicon substrates, it is shown that the assumptions of the model are satisfied, and that film properties determined in situ by LRI and by various means ex situ are in good agreement. With this model, the evolution of diamond film properties are followed under typical diamond growth conditions using mixtures of CH4 and H2. In agreement with texture formation models, the growth rate and surface roughness were observed to increase as film growth progressed. The growth rate was found to be proportional to CH4 fraction for CH4 fractions less than 8.5%. At higher CH4 fractions, the growth rate decreased and significant attenuation was observed.


In the museum world, where paintings and other objects are frequently lent and borrowed for exhibitions, standards and practices have been developed to guide curators and other professionals in the packing of artwork for shipping. The emphasis is on packaging that protects the object within from external forces and does not cause damage itself. These packages must also be durable, for at a minimum, a good shipping container is designed to be used twice—first on the trip to the borrower and again on the trip back to the home institution, If an object is part of a traveling exhibit, . . .


Abstract On contemporary standard accounts exploitation is of man by man: One individual exploits another through a particular transaction. This paper offers a departure from the individualist transactional paradigm of exploitation by formulating an account of anonymous exploitation. The departure is threefold. Anonymous exploitation may occur as non-individual exploitation in cases where exploiter, exploited or both are not individuals but group agents, it may occur as non-agential exploitation in cases where exploiter, exploited or both are not agents but non-agential groups and it may occur as structural exploitation in cases where structures are exploitative. I shall argue that anonymous exploitation in its three variants is a real, independent and non-mysterious phenomenon. To miss its significance is to miss the 'genius' or even to remain blind to important instances of exploitation. My argument proceeds in seven steps. In section 1, I offer a brief analysis of the concept of exploitation and spell out the desiderata that a successful theory of exploitation would have to satisfy. In section 2, I explain what I mean by anonymous exploitation. Section 3 explores the idea of non-individual exploitation; section 4 presents an account of non-agential exploitation and section 5 proceeds likewise with the idea of structural exploitation. Section 6 puts the individual steps of my argument together and I conclude in section 7.


The results of growths and cold injuries of 6 fast-growing eucalyptus clones of E.urophylla×E.camaldulensis,E.urophylla×E.grandis,etc,grown in Xianshui,Quanzhou of northern Guangxi showed that there were significant differences in growths of 6 eucalyptus clones.Among the clones,growths of No.3(E.grandis×E.urophylla),No.5(E.grandis×E.urophylla)and No.6(E.urophylla×E.camaldulensis) were better,while that of No.1(E.saligna×E.exserta) was the worst. Freezing injury was a critical index to test the adaptability of fast-growing eucalyptus clones.For all clones,their freezing injury was serious and trees were all pressed to break by the attack of wind and snow,moreover,part of trees were dead from cold injury and lost the ability to sprout.It was clear that the climate conditions of areas similar to that of Xianshui of Quanzhou was unsuitable for the planting of E.urophylla×E.grandis,E.urophylla,E.saligna×E.exserta,etc.


1. A method for identifying touch events in a terminal having a touch-sensitive screen, the method comprising the steps of: determining the perceived position of the touch event on the touch sensitive screen when a touch event is perceived; calculated maximum change value of the central node touch signal and the changed value touch signal, at least one peripheral unit, wherein at least one peripheral unit is disposed in a central node in perceived circumferential position; and determining whether the event is the touch input targeting event the tool near the touch-sensitive screen according to the calculated maximum change value and the calculated value of the changed touch signal, at least one peripheral uzla.2. The method of claim 1, wherein computing the maximum change value comprises the steps of: determining whether the sensed position is included in the first region, a second region or a third region of the touch sensitive screen; and determining the maximum value of the modified central node touch signal and the changed value of the touch signal, at least one peripheral unit disposed in the central hub circumference, in accordance with at least one of the first region, second region and third region.3. A method according to claim 2, wherein determining the modified maximum value further comprises the steps of: determining the maximum value of the changed touch signal central node and at least three touch signal values modified with at least three peripheral uzlo


The data collected from 14 varieties (lines) and 8 experimental sites were analyzed in the regional sugarcane variety trial.The result showed that the Q141,Q170,YZ99-596 and CP85-1308 were characterized by a high yield,the YZ98-46,98-236,DZ93-94,FR93-435,YZ99-596,CP85-1308 and YR99-113 were characterized by high sugar content,the Q170,Q141,YZ99-596,CP85-1308 and YZ98-236 showed a high sugar yield.


7247 Background: With wide spread use of chest spiral computed tomography (CT), small early stage lung cancer has been increasingly found. It is important for improvement of lung cancer mortality that early detection is followed by early treatment. We prospectively performed wide wedge resection as curative procedure for the lung cancer equal to or less than (=<) 10 mm. We analyzed early results of limited resection for lung cancer =< 10 mm.

METHODS
From November 1999 to March 2003, 24 patients with lung cancer =< 10 mm underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) in our institute. There were 9 males and 15 females. Mean age of the patients was 61 years old. None of lesions was not diagnosed preoperatively and diagnosed by intraoperative pathological examination. All but one VATS were done with preoperative CT- guided marking. In case of clear surgical margin, wide wedge resection was final procedure without lymph node sampling or dissection. In case of involved or indeterminate surgical margin, segmentectomy or lobectomy was added with lymph node sampling or dissection. For follow-up after surgery, patients underwent chest radiography every 3 months and chest CT every 6 months.

RESULTS
Mean size of the tumors was 7.1 mm. There were 22 adenocarcinomas, one squamous cell cancer and one small cell cancer. Twenty wedge resections, two segmentectomies (right basal segment and left Segment 8) and two lobectomies (right upper and right middle). No serious morbidity and mortality were found after operation. Applying perioperative care pathway for 14 patients, mean and median hospital stay after operation was 3 and 2 days. With mean follow-up time of 22 months, no recurrence was found.

CONCLUSIONS
For lung cancer =< 10 mm, wedge resection could be curative operation. Because of high curability, low risks and low cost, we should be positive for resection of pulmonary nodule =< 10 mm suspected of malignancy by VATS. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


In this work, gold-nanoparticle, functionalized glycidyl methacrylate-ethylene dimethacrylate (GNPs@GMA-EDMA), porous-polymer monoliths were prepared via an on-site synthesis method and enclosed in silica capillary as sensitive, uniform, and stable surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. The on-column detection technique was used for SERS detection. The 4-mercaptopyridine (4-Mpy) at 1 × 10−7 M concentration was successfully detected on the SERS substrate. Uniformity was examined by collecting 4-Mpy spectra at 10 random locations on the capillary column, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 18.74% and 15.83% for corresponding Raman intensities. The GNPs@GMA-EDMA showed great SERS-active stability in the first month after synthesis and could provide stable SERS signals of 4-Mpy within 8 months. The detection ability of this SERS-active monolith for pesticides, dyes and biomolecules was demonstrated by phosmet, crystal violet and adenine. Phosmet in real samples was analyzed by this substrate, with recovery of 89.78–109.91% and RSDs of 4.14–8.78%. The SERS-active porous polymer monoliths could serve as a novel SERS substrate for rapid in situ analysis on a capillary column.


Much progress has been made in recent years on the mechanisms and physical consequences of hydrogen incorporation in minerals that they do not contain H 2 O as a major constituent in their structure (aka. Nominally Anhydrous Minerals, NAMs). Despite the amount of new experimental data [1], the extrapolation to regions outside the experimental range (typically at low subsolidus temperature and water-undersaturated conditions) relies on models that do not capture the complexities observed in nature. A remarkable exception is the only model that is able to handle water-undersaturated conditions (pHMELTS [2]) by using an iterative algorithm that converge the thermodynamically modelled H 2 O chemical potential and the water content in the NAMs fitted from fluid saturated experiments to maintain mass balance constrains. Yet simple, these models track first order consequences for the adiabatic near-fractional decompression melting [2]. Although powerful such model is not able to account for the importance of several hydrated point defects with different dependencies on water activity [3], the role of trace element in NAMs in controlling low water concentrations and importantly how the stability of other phases (such as amphiboles) will impact on both, water activity and trace element partitioning. One approach, presented here, is to develop a thermodynamic treatment of intrinsically and extrinsically (i.e. trace elements) hydrated point defects that can be combined with robust free-energy minimizations strategies (such as Perple_X [4]). This will allow to track changes in bulk water contents and changes in mineral assemblages at subsolidus and supersolidus conditions.


DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE ICE CREAM MAKERS MACHINE (THE SHAFT AND TUBES) By: Cori Wahyudi ABSTRACT Ice cream is one type of drink preferred by various people. In general, the ice cream is often seen around the neighborhood is kind of rough or hard ice cream, whose creation is still manual. The purpose of this final project will make ice cream maker a more effective and efficient in their production process. Shaft is the most important part in this ice cream maker, because it is used to rotate the inner tube and the tube as well as the fulcrum. Thus the strength of the shaft must be taken into account, particularly in determining the diameter of the shaft. In this machine the shaft used are solid shaft with material st-37 and a length of 350 mm. From the calculations, the shaft diameter of 25.4 mm. Keywords: Ice cream, ice cream maker, shaft.


Virtually no one anticipated the ending of the Cold War. Understanding how this long-standing conflict was peacefully resolved can give us insight into how to conclude other seemingly intractable conflicts.
Triumphalists believe that President Ronald Reagan "won" the Cold War by building up US military power and threatening the USSR. His hard-line policies forced Moscow to reduce its arsenal, adopt democratic reforms, withdraw from its war in Afghanistan, and ultimately collapse. Triumphalists assert that contemporary leaders should follow Reagan's example bycompelling adversaries into submission.
However, triumphalism is a myth, a series of falsehoods about Reagan's intentions, his policies, and the impact his administration had on the USSR.Drawing upon American and Soviet sources,this book demonstrates that Reagan's initial hard-line policies brought the superpowers to the brink of war and made it more difficult for Moscow to disarm and reform. Compellence failed miserably.
The Cold War was resolved through diplomacy, not threats. President Reagan eventually engaged in dialogue so as to ease Moscow's security concerns, build trust, and focus on the superpowers' mutual interest in eliminating nuclear arms. For his part, Mikhail Gorbachev sought to end the arms race so as to divert resources to democratization. He too sought dialogue and trust.
The ending of the Cold War demonstrates the importance of moral leadership. Reagan and Gorbachev both rose above their differences and introduced radical new ideas about nuclear disarmament. Consequently, both encountered domestic opposition. Each persevered, however, leading their nations toward a safer, more humane future.


Abstract Cognitive testability is an inherent attribute of the modern electronic equipment. The information acquisition ability of cognitive testability was described in details and an evaluation model was built upon the basic construction of the index system of the cognitive testability. First of all, the idea and contents of the information acquisition ability of the modern electronic equipment was stated. Second, based on this, a mathematical model of weight calculation with the use of entropy weight method was built. The innovation and characteristic of this paper lie in the detailed explanation of information acquisition ability and the building of the evaluation model.


This study compares basement and main-level radon exposure based on bi-level week-long radon measurements, occupancy and activity data collected in normal use during heating and non-heating seasons in a geographically-stratified random sample of about 600 Minnesota homes, in response to critiques of radon measurement protocol. Basement radon (RN1) (M=4.5, SD=4.5) and main level (Rn2)(M=2.9, SD=3.4) correlation was 0.8 (p=.00), including seasonal variation. In a 101-house subsample where Rn1 >=4.0 pCi/L and Rn2


We present a method to fabricate nanometer scale gaps within InAs nanowires by selectively etching InAs/InP heterostructure nanowires. We used vapor–liquid–solid grown InAs nanowires with embedded InP segments of 10–60 nm length and developed an etching recipe to selectively remove the InP segment. A photo-assisted wet etching process in a mixture of acetic acid and hydrobromic acid gave high selectivity, with accurate removal of InP segments down to 20 nm, leaving the InAs wire largely unattacked, as verified using scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy. The obtained nanogaps in InAs wires have potential as semiconducting electrodes to investigate electronic transport in nanoscale objects. We demonstrate this functionality by dielectrophoretically trapping 30 nm diameter gold nanoparticles into the gap.


This Special Issue on Audiovisual Translation and Interdisciplinarity has two interrelated goals: to promote methodological sensitivity and robustness in audiovisual translation research; and to gi...


Dramatic development of information technology requires new type of sales strategy to enterprise S/W dealers. That is, one should thoroughly consider diversified types of enterprise S/W and more elaborated consumer needs to establish successful sales strategy. However, various factors that should be considered in establishing enterprise S/W sales strategy are different according to types of enterprise S/W and hard to be managed systematically which led to the current situation where they have not been discussed enough. Therefore, this study introduced the relationship between the factors that affect selection of enterprise S/W using the concept of cognitive map on various enterprise S/W sales cases. Through this process, this study grouped the cognitive maps of similar cases to introduce their characteristics and made this result to be practically useful to enterprise S/W sales strategy.


A slowly decaying fluorescence [lifetime⇒13.3(5) μs] induced by implanted positive muons has been observed in KBr by using the time-resolved direct-photon-counting method with a total yield of one photon per four incident muons below 30 K. The temperature dependence of the fluorescence yield shows a remarkable coincidence with that of the amplitude of the anomalous muonium center in KBr observed by the muon-spin-rotation method, strongly suggesting a coupled state between muonium centers and radiation-induced relaxed excited states as a model for the anomalous muonium centers


A novel approach to improve the path tracking performance based on time shifted feed-forward signals is presented. It uses approximately linear closed-loop dynamics through feedback linearization of the ARTIS unmanned helicopter. The flight controller is currently in use to track nonlinear trajectories represented by piece-wise cubic splines. Feedforward signals shifted in time with varying and constant time-shifts are evaluated to improve the suboptimal tracking behavior. The problem is illustrated for a representative path and the process of determining the time shift is discussed. Having runtime performance advantages, the constant variant of time-shifted feedforward signals is chosen for onboard implementation. To validate the approach, it is implemented onboard our flying rotorcraft test bed and flight test results showing the improved tracking performance are presented.


Loan agreement (agricultural rehabilitation program) between the islamic republic of mauritania and the international fund for agricultural development. Rome, 29 july 1986 [united nations, treaty series, vol. 1478, i-25184.]


Hipsters are a contemporary postmodern subculture of young urbanites that have created their own visual identity through the clothing they wear. Since clothing is an important symbolic communicator that allows members of a subculture to identify individually and as a group, this essay will examine the material subtexts of three different Hipster subgroups found at Grenfell Campus through incorporating a contextual approach to the symbolic interaction perspective.


The influence of various parameters of technological treatment on the degree of chlorophyll destruction and change in the green coloration of the sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) has been investigated. It has been established that the temperature and duration of its effect on sweet pepper during primary heat treatment alter its natural green coloration to yellow with a brown tint. The paper presents experimental spectra of the intensity of light absorption by the samples of sweet pepper, which make it possible to define regularities in the influence of time and temperature on the color and the degree of chlorophyll destruction. During blanching, from 25.2 to 59.2 per cent of the total amount of chlorophylls of the starting value are destroyed, depending on the water temperature. It was established that the blanching process duration negatively affects the content of chlorophylls as well: depending on the process duration, 20.2‒61.7 % of the original content are degraded. The experimental diffuse reflection spectra for opaque objects, provided here, have made it possible to identify the dependence of color of the samples of pepper, treated in the Xanthium strumarium decoction, on various factors of the technological process. It is shown that the use of decoction of the natural plant raw material Xanthium strumarium for treating the samples leads to the stabilization of the green coloration of pepper compared to that blanched in water. The influence of the Xanthium strumarium concentration, temperature, and exposure time in the decoction, on the color of pepper samples has been investigated. Applying such colorparametric characteristics, calculated on the basis of spectral reflection coefficients using a CIE XYZ method, as dominant wavelength (λ, nm), color clarity (P, %), and brightness (T, %), has made it possible to compare the color of pepper samples with fresh samples (control1), as well as with the samples blanched in water (control2). The multivariate experiment, performed in this research, has made it possible to optimize parameters for the technological treatment of pepper samples in the Xanthium strumarium decoction. Basic parameters for treating sweet pepper are a 1% Xanthium strumarium decoction, a treatment temperature of 75 °C, and a treatment duration of 15 minutes


Sir, Thank you for the opportunity that your editorial policy gives us to go into some aspects of our research thoroughly. We know our case report is ''receiving extraordinary emphasis in the mass media'' and it seems this is the main ''reason'' for the criticism received. In fact, recently RAI, Italian national TV, has aired for the second time (the first time being March 24, 2010) only a part of the documentary made by National Geographic. To be precise, the news about our research spreads worldwide after a poster presentation (1) at the 2009 AAFS annual meeting in Denver, and the world's first broadcast of the documentary was February 23, 2010. It is relevant to underline that emphasis in the documentary (according to the authors and the broadcast) that this was not on the ''vampire'' discovery, but on the scientific analysis from a forensic point of view of the belief in revenants, based on a possible archeological evidence of an exorcism. The application of forensic techniques on an ancient superstition related to the years of the Black Death (2) was the reason for the interest of the National Geographic Society, which supported a research project after a review by scientists; some aspects of this research have just been presented as an oral presentation (3) at the Last Word Society section during the 2011 AAFS annual meeting in Chicago and also published in an Italian book (4). It is important to remember that the first presentation of the identification of a possible ritual of exorcism involving a vampire was made at a scientific meeting of the Italian Society of Anthropology and Ethnology in 2008 (5); one of the Italian colleagues who signed the letter to which we are responding was present at that meeting and on that occasion stressed that the data presented represent evidence of an anomalous burial. Before proceeding further with the answers to the questions raised by colleagues, it is important to note that the entire research framework presents a hypothetical reconstruction of the facts based on the archeological pieces of evidence and the analysis of ancient traditions: it is not therefore a ''truth'' but a reconstructive hypothesis. Forensic scientists know the implication of the difference between what can be extrapolated by a piece of evidence and what actually was the case (6): facts that can be known in each detail only by those involved in them. With the awareness of the necessity of intellectual modesty, the authors have tried to propose a hypothetical but plausible reconstruction of what might have happened in that place at that time. The intentional deposition of the brick in the mouth is strictly linked with the contextual analysis. Here, we present a section of the excavation map: all the human remains of the Lazzaretto Nuovo and the contextual analyses are in fact being studied as research project of University of Florence since 2007 and some results have recently been published (7,8). The stratigraphic analysis, as evidenced by Fig. 1 (where the stratigraphic units are identified with the initials US), shows how the burial of ID6 was intercepted at two different times by the excavation of two other graves: ID1 and ID12. It is possible to infer that US – 112 intercepted ID6 when her body was already skeletonized. It is suggested not only by the general stratigraphy (8) but also from the fact that the second graves physically cut the bones of the skeleton in question producing typical postmortem fractures. Unlike US – 112, the burial cut US – 114 intercepts ID6 grave without disrupting relations between the bones. The maintenance of the temporo-mandibular joint, and also the preservation of the cervical articulation, the sternum-clavicle articulation, and the humeral-scapular relations, in spite of the evidence of the intersection between the two burials, allows a reconstruction of a disturbance that occurred when the corpse was not even completely skeletonized (as reported by Duday (9), Mallegni and Rubini (10), and Canci and Minozzi (11)). This evidence therefore suggests that, at the time of the deposition of ID1 (ID6 occurred separately as it is clear from the intersection between the two grave cuts), the body of ID6 was uncovered during its decomposition: the gravediggers encountered that cadaverous phenomena which was interpreted, at the time, as evidence of vampirism. Barber (12) and also Borrini (13) have written about the link between the birth of the belief in vampires and also stages of decay (a part of the research supported by the National Geographic Society also regarding this topic); this and perhaps because of the brevity of the articled reviewed (about dental issues and not archeological or cultural ones) is why the authors were not too clear, which gave rise to the misunderstanding with Italian colleagues. The reference to ''body quite intact'' and the holed shroud are assumed considering other cases of ''vampire exhumations'' cited by the authors of the 17th century as More (14) or 18th century as Calmet (15); in these reports, as better explained elsewhere by Borrini (13), the corpse was described as ''undamaged by decay'' (16), although it exhibited distinct changes nowadays known as lack of rigor mortis, the epidermolysis and the emphysematous stage: this postmortem phenomena had been instead interpreted as a stigmata of vampirism. We have already explained that it was possible to hypothesize ID6 at the moment of the grave reopening as a decomposing and not skeletonized body by the intersection between ID1 and ID6 and by the preservation of the joints. These allow us to hypothesize the presence of a shroud because of the verticalization of the left clavicle associated with medial rotation of humeri (Canci and Minozzi [11], Duday and Guillon [17]). It is certainly true that this phenomenon might be attributable to a wall effect originated from possible barriers in the ground (not present in this case) or a coffin, but no evidence of wooden containers for ID6 or any other skeletons in the site were attested during the excavation. There were no traces in the stratigraphy of linear demarcation (Canci and Minozzi [11]) and even nails that indicated the presence of such containers for corpses, as has been found at other sites more or less contemporary (18). The finding in other individuals is noteworthy, as well as the presence of the taphonomic aforementioned indicators of a shroud, the use of small pins to secure the bandages (Fig. 2). When the authors reported that ID6 was ''interred supine in a simple burial pit (covered space),'' they indicate the absence of evidence that could suggest the presence of a coffin, as just explained previously. Nevertheless, a shroud can create a delayed filling because of its decay at different times than those of the corpse, as it happens with clothes (Canci and Minozzi [11]). With regard to the modification of bones, it is important to remember that the decomposition can create an empty space within the body's volume (Mallegni and Rubini [19]). Again, the ''slight rotation of skull'' is J Forensic Sci, May 2012, Vol. 57, No. 3 doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02099.x Available online at: onlinelibrary.wiley.com


The research on Xinjiang dried fruit compound beverage by using the extraction of dried apricot, plum, jujube and raisins. Using orthogonal experimental method to study the ratio of soaked raw materials,and select optimal amount of the additive including the stabilizer and pigment-retaining. The detection of the contents of sugar, acid, Vc, trace elements in compound beverge. It is found that the best formula of the compound beverage will be got by using 400mL, 40℃ water to soak 25g apricot, 20g plum, 15g jujube and 10g raisins for 24 hours, and by adding stabilizer of 0.2% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.03% xanthic gluc and citric acid 0.01%. The trace element Zn, Fe and the Vc content separate is 0.386mg/100mL, 0.678mg/100mL, 2.469mg/100mL.


1 Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland 2Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt 3Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology (FABI), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium 4Laboratory for Food Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 5Departament of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 6 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland


Abstract:The extant Book of Fenagh, written in 1516, contains not only a verse and prose 'Life' of St Caillín of Fenagh but some additional poems from the lost 'Old Book of St Caillín' which are more relevant to the politics of Tír Conaill during the eleventh to the early-thirteenth centuries than to St Caillín and the church of Fenagh. This article argues that these poems may have originated with the churches of Kilmacrenan, Drumleene and Derry and that they belong to an earlier period than the prophecies concerning the mid-thirteenth-century Ó Domhnaill chieftains found in the verse material directly associated with St Caillín in the same manuscript.


Objective: To explore the clinical effect of the combined treatment of Yishen decoction with antibacterial drugs for chronic prostatitis (CP). Methods: A total of 210 patients with chronic prostatitis were randomized into the control group (105 cases) and the treatment group (105 cases). The control group was treated with levofloxacin hydrochloride capsules and terazosin hydrochloride tablets, while the patients in the treatment group were treated with self-made Yishen decoction on the basis of the administration of the control group. The National Institutes of Health chronic prostatitis symptom index (NIH-CPSI) was used for the treatment group and the control group before the treatment and one month after the treatment. Expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) related indexes, including white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), and lecithin small body (LSB) in the prostate fluid, were examined by microscopy. Hematological inflammatory factors, including IL-8, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were measured by ELISA. At the same time, the Meares localization method was used for the bacterial detection. The treatment effect and satisfaction rate were evaluated, and the results were statistically analyzed. Results: In the treatment group, 42 cases were cured and 62 cases were improved, with an effective rate of 99.05%, and in the control group, 38 cases were cured and 60 cases were improved, with an effective rate of 93.33%, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Before treatment, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in their NIH-CPSI scores, EPS related indicators, or hematology inflammatory factors, but after treatment, the mentioned indexes in the treatment group were all lower than they were in the control group, with significant differences (all P<0.05). The satisfaction rates of treatment in the treatment group and the control group were 98.10% and 91.43%, respectively, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusion: Yishen decoction can effectively treat chronic prostatitis by relieving pain and discomfort and improving the CP patients' quality of life.


Conventional field‐effect transistor (FET) concepts are limited to static electrical functions and demand extraordinarily steep and reproducible doping concentration gradients. Reaching the physical limits of scaling, doping‐free reconfigurable field‐effect transistors (RFETs) capable of dynamically altering the device operation between p‐ or n‐type, even during runtime, are emerging device concepts. In this respect, Ge has been identified as a promising channel material to enable reduction of power consumption and switching delay of RFETs. Nevertheless, its use has been limited to simulations and bottom‐up demonstrators not compatible with complex circuit technology. In this work, a deterministic top‐down fabrication scheme is demonstrated to realize a Ge‐based RFET architecture and exploring realizations with three independent gates. Polarity control and leakage current suppression are enabled by the specific injection of charge carriers through gated Al‐Ge heterojunctions and the introduction of a blocking electrostatic energy barrier. Further, the choice of monolithic Al/Ge contacts alleviates process variability compared to Ni‐germanide contacts presenting a top‐down technology platform for Ge‐based RFETs. Our device concept is a first step toward future integrated high‐performance and low‐power reconfigurable circuits, providing a platform for future energy‐efficient systems as well as hardware security integrated circuits.


The electrical characteristics and insulation design strength of liquid-nitrogen-impregnated synthetic insulation were considered. The impregnation of liquid nitrogen into insulation paper can be monitored by measuring the electrostatic capacitance of the cable. in tan delta , an index of the dielectric loss, was 0.31% for cellulose paper and 0.18% for semisynthetic paper, polypropylene laminated semisynthetic paper, and biaxially oriented polypropylene laminated paper. It was found that the decline of the thickness dependence of the breakdown strength of the liquid-nitrogen-impregnated insulating cable was steeper than that of the oil-filled cables. It is possible to design the insulation strength of the 66 kV cable to be 10 kV/mm. >


Twenty Good grade bulls and heifers approximately 18 mo of age from the university crossbred beef herd were stunned and monitored for heart rate by radiotelemetry until ventricular activity ceased. The animals ranged in weight from 335 to 470 kg and were stunned with a captive bolt stunner and allotted to different bleeding treatments. Control animals (three bulls and two heifers) were bled immediately by severing the carotid arteries and jugular veins. The other animals were decapitated by severing the atlas joint and removing the head without previously severing the carotid arteries and jugular veins. Time periods after stunning were 0 rain (two bulls), 3 rain (two bulls and two heifers), 6 rain (two bulls and one heifer), 15 min (three heifers with foreshanks removed immediately after stunning) and 15 rain (three heifers pithed and foreshanks removed immediately after stunning). Respiration ceased in all animals when they were stunned and did not resume. Duration of heart activity after stunning was greater in animals in which bleeding was delayed than in control animals. Weight of blood removed from animals decreased as the time between stunning and bleeding increased. Heart activity ceased 8 to 10 rain after stunning in animals decapitated 15 rain after stunning. Therefore, the majority of blood was removed without ventricular pumping. (


During the last three decades, the Mexican economy has not generated enough jobs for the expanding labour force. Unemployment rate in Mexico is low, but almost one third of the labour force works in the informal sector. Migration flows from Mexico to the US have been significant in the last decade. Even though the number of Mexicans in the US has remained stable, Mexican immigration to the US dropped from 2006 to 2009. Emigration is a key employment channel for the enlarged working-age Mexican population. A reduced migratory flow may pose a major challenge for the Mexican labour market.


....................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. iv LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................... vii LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................ viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................... ix INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 1 Purpose of this Study ...........................................................................................................3 White Spot Lesions and Orthodontics ............................................................................5 Demineralization Process ...............................................................................................7 Decalcification Prevalence in Orthodontic Patients.......................................................8 Decreasing Decalcification in Orthodontic Patients ................................................... 10 Manual Products Fluoride ....................................................................................................................... 11 Mechanism of Action Fluoride Products Bonding Systems Incorporating Fluoride ................................................................... 15 Enamel Coatings and Sealants .................................................................................... 16 New Materials .............................................................................................................. 17 Present Study ................................................................................................................18 MATERIALS AND METHODS Study Design .................................................................................................................19 Statistical Analysis ........................................................................................................24 RESULTS ........................................................................................................................................................... 25 DISCUSSION ....................................................................................................................28


Folium Isatidi,the well-know heat-clearing and detoxifying drug,attracted great attention in recent years.Many researchers studied on origin,cultivation,chemical components,and pharmacological activities in it and have made some progress.But,it is still unclear about which chemical components to clear heat and detoxify and lack of quality standard which reflect its pharmacological activities.We summarized origin,cultivation,chemical components,and pharmacological activities in Folium Isatidis in recent years,provided references to its research and application.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate EMG activities of quadriceps and hamistring muscles and the knee joint motions of both affected and non-affected sides in stroke patients during gait. Thirty stroke patients participated in this study. Their ages ranged from 47 to 61 years old with a mean of 52.8 ± 3.84. They were complaining from stroke from three to 13 months with a mean of 8.2 ± 2.83. All patients were assessed for range of motion of both knees by the use of Optoelectronic motion analysis system and EMG activities of quadriceps and hamistring muscles of both sides during gait by the use of kinesiological EMG. The results of this study showed a statistically significant difference in the mean peak values of knee flexion between both sides during stance and swing phases and a highly statistically significant difference in the mean values of the least degree of the knee flexion between both sides during stance with a non significant difference during swing phase. Concerning the EMG activity of quadriceps muscles, there was a statistically significant difference between both sides during stance with a non significant difference between them during swing phase. There was a highly statistically significant difference the EMG activity of hamistrings muscles between both sides during stance and swing phases. Therefore, assessment of the knee joint motion synchronized with EMG during gait should be considered in the rehabilitation and prognosis of stroke patients.


In this study, we have fabricated Schottky barrier diodes (SBD) on single-crystal  -Ga 2 O 3 semiconductor that has received much attention for use in next-generation power devices. The SBD had a Pt/Ti/Au Schottky contact on a 2 μ m Sn-doped low concentration N-type epitaxial layer. The fabricated device exhibited a breakdown voltage of > 180 V, a specific on-resistance of 1.26 m Ω · cm 2 , and forward current densities of 77 A/cm 2 at 1 V and 473 A/cm 2 at 1.5 V, which proved the potential for use in power device fabrication.


Summary form only given. Managing multiresolution simulations is a real challenge in large-scale distributed simulation systems. Various levels of resolution in a simulation, may result in inconsistencies, due to improper correlations between attributes of entities interacting at varied levels of resolution. Aggregation/disaggregation (A/D) is a method for implementing multiresolution simulations within a high level architecture (HLA) federation. This is a follow-up of our earlier work, where we studied the dynamic grid-based vs. region-based data distribution management (DDM) strategies, in a monoresolution distributed simulation system. Here, we wish to extend that work, and present a multiresolution scheme, based upon the aggregation and disaggregation (A/D) paradigm. The purpose of A/D is to ensure consistency in state updates between federates simulating objects at various levels of resolution. We present an extensive simulation experiments using several real-world benchmarks to evaluate the performance of both data distribution management schemes using our multiresolution paradigm.


The first implementation of the IA-64 architecture achieves high performance by implementing a highly parallel execution core, while maintaining binary compatibility with the IA-32 instruction set. The processor contains 25.4 M transistors. The chip is fabricated in a 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS process with 6 metal layers and packaged in a 1012-pad organic land grid array using C4 (flip-chip) assembly technology.


A selective bandpass filter is presented by using a pairs of open loop resonators, each has a perimeter about half-wavelength. For the improvement of bandwidth, we have used a DGS under coupled area. A prototype filter circuit of center frequency at 1.8 GHz has been fabricated with PTFE substrate. Measured result shows bandwidth of 200 MHz with insertion loss of 0.2 dB at center frequency of 1.95 GHz. We have used defected ground structures under feed lines for extra stopband rejection mode to the 2nd and 3rd harmonics of the filter with attenuation losses over than -25 dB, without affecting the center frequency and insertion loss of the originally designed filter.


The Chinese female novels reveal dense post-modernism characteristics in new era.Taking measures from four characteristics of post-modernity and multi-opinion of post-modernism,uncertain internality,anti-traditional culture and anti-intelligence,anti-philosophy and anti-aesthetics,taking development track of subjective practice,objective reality,theoretical criticism in post-modernism and female novel creation as communicative skeleton,illustrates the achievements and disadvantages,this is precisely the key of post-modernity.


This paper proposes the optimal tuning of the parameters of PI and PID controllers for an automotive application by Backtracking Search Optimization Algorithms (BSOAs). The automotive application is related to the position control of pancake DC torque motor systems. The effects of the population size, which is an important parameter of BSOAs, on the performance of both the BSOAs and the position control system are discussed using simulation results.


Introduction: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer among women, except for cases of non-melanoma skin. However, the state of Amazonas has the highest incidence rate of new cases per year. Objectives: To determine the prognostic impact of early nephrostomy in patients with advanced cervical cancer who present post-renal acute renal failure. Methods: This prospective cohort study was carried out with patients with locally advanced cervical cancer, who evolved with post-renal acute renal failure. Results: 25 patients were included in the study, 52% (13/25) died, 32% (8/25) lost outpatient follow-up and 16% (4/25) returned for follow-up. Of the total, 16% (04/25) underwent renal ultrasonographic reassessment, with 75% (3/4) having unilateral nephrostomy and 25% (1/4) having bilateral. It was not possible to assess the impact of cortical thickness on renal function, due to the lack of indicators used to assess the improvement in renal function. Conclusion: In this study, the relationship between low socioeconomic levels and late diagnosis of cervical cancer was observed. Knowledge of this population's clinical, and socioeconomic profile, and outcomes is essential to guide more robust studies and improve the clinical management of these patients. In addition, promote discussions on the importance of access to information, health services, and preventive measures essential to survival.


AbstractObjective. To strengthen the timely retrieval of medical records, give full play to the utility of medical record information, improve the management of the hospital and provide better service for the society. Methods. Calculating retrieval rate according to medical record collection, analyzing the cause of delay in medical record retrieval, and proposing improvement measures. Results. After the implementation of measures for collecting medical records, in the first quarter of 2013, the 2-day retrieval rate is 84.6% and the 7-day retrieval rate is 95.2%. As a result, the collection of medical records is improved greatly. Conclusion. All management levels at the hospital should attach great importance to medical records, establish a perfect medical record collection and a reward-punishment mechanism, and undertake effective supervision and management.


This foundation course on International Relations (IR) theory will familiarise students with some of the major debates within the discipline. It will also introduce them to key interdisciplinary conversations between IR and other disciplines such as history, philosophy and sociology. Although the course content is largely theoretical, we will refer to historical and contemporary developments as illustrative examples. We hope that this course will be a learning experience to nudge students to think creatively and critically.


Populations in many developing countries especially women and young children do not receive adequate vitamins and minerals in their diet on an ongoing basis. The resulting chronic malnutrition leads to a number of significant health impacts including poor immune response and stunted growth. Those who survive their childhood years suffer life-long repercussions on health, education, productivity and income.


The significance of the reform of rural collective property rights system was summarized,taking the case of Bei'ao Street in Dongtou County,the experience of the reform practice of Wenzhou shareholding cooperative system was introduced,and main achievements and problems of the reform of Wenzhou collective property rights shareholding cooperation were analyzed,and the corresponding policies suggestions were put forward.


Increased synthesis and release of S100β protein from activated astrocytes has been implicated in the overgrowth of dystrophic neurites in neuritic plaques in Alzheimer disease (AD). To evaluate the quantitative relationships between tissues levels of S100β and the numbers of neuritic plaques, by Tau‐2 immunoreactive (Tau‐2+) labeling, in tissue sections of hippocampus and adjacent temporal cortex and measured the levels of S100β protein, by Western immunoblot labeling, in samples of analagous regions from contralateral hemisphere of the same patients. In AD, tissue levels of S100β (two‐ to fivefold that of controls) were significantly correlated with the number of Tau‐2+ plaques (R = 0.82, P < .01). Dual‐label immunohis‐tochemical analysis showed that most S100β+ cells were activated GFAP+ astrocytes. These results were substantiated by a significant correlation between S100β and GFAP tissue levels (R = 0.81, P < .05). Many of the S100β+ astrocytes were clustered around and within Tau‐2+ plaques. Indeed, no Tau‐2+ plaques were found without associated activated S100β+ astrocytes. Our findings provide further evidence of a role for S100β protein in dysregulation of neurons that leads to apparently nonsensical growth of imperfect neurites in AD, a potential key element in early stages of neuritic plaque pathogeneis. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Recently, machine-to-machine (M2M) communication becomes an attractive topic due to the rapid evolution of wireless communication systems and the potential market size of Internet of Things. In this paper, we investigate a M2M network with typical M2M features. Three key parameters, throughput capacity, delay and energy consumption, are analyzed to evaluate the performance of the M2M network under multi-hop and single-hop manner. By scrutinizing these parameters, we find √log n that as r grows from √log n/πn to 1, delay increases progressively from order √n log n to order n. Meanwhile, throughput keeps the same at order W/n. And there exists an optimal transmission range to minimize average energy consumption. Our results state that multi-hop manner is effective to decrease the delay and energy consumption of M2M network, without benefit on the throughput. To answer the question "to hop or not to hop in massive machine-to-machine communications", we provide guidelines based on different optimal transmission ranges for the M2M network with different M2M features respectively.


The following appraisal is by Eduard M. Murzayev, physical geographer and toponymist, with interests in Mongolia and Central Asia, who was a student of Berg at Leningrad University, and since this graduation in 1930 has been associated with the Institute of Geography of the Academy of Sciences USSR, first in Leningrad and after 1936 in Moscow. This article is based on a talk given by Murzayev in March 1976 at a memorial session of the Geographical Society USSR in Leningrad.


Calculations of oxygen chemical potentials in the interior of ceramic electrodes with ion blocking interfaces indicate that phase changes and/or decomposition will occur as a result of dc polarization. For electrodes with reversible interfaces, unacceptably thick oxidation layers can form. Results are applied to nonslag and slag-covered MHD electrodes.


Objective To discuss the effect on the life quality and the ability to return to work for schizophrenia patients using the regular nursing intervention in outpatient department.Method The 168 schizophrenia patients who were recovered and had back to community were randomly divided into experimental group and control group.Patients who were in the experimental group were given nursing intervention while the control group was given nothing but for the medication.Two group's life quality and job abilities were compared using the form of the quality of life assessment scale.Results Physical,mental health and social function in the experimental group were higher than control group significantly(P0.05),there is no different of the dimensionality of living in two groups(P0.05),and job abilities in experimental group is significantly higher than control group(P0.05).Conclusion Regular outpatient nursing intervention is help to improve the patients' quality of life and their job abilities.


We will start with an analysis structure that defines the key areas in which long-term funding sources will be analyzed and attracted. We will then look at the techniques for calculating the impact on the company's financial performance caused by the introduction of new capital from each of the major sources. We will turn to the often used form of graphing, EBIT (break before interest and tax) break-even chart to demonstrate the dynamic impact of financial choices, which changes the company's situation. Once we touch the leases as a special source, we will list the key issues involved in the stock options.


MIKKO IMMONEN: Effects of Phone Booths' Composition on Health and Development of the Composition Definition Process Tampere University of Technology Master of Science thesis, 70 pages, 67 Appendix pages September 2018 Master's Degree Program in Environmental and Energy Technology Major: Safety Engineering Examiner: Prof. Jouni Kivistö-Rahnasto


Oxidation of the gibberellin photoaffinity reagent GA4-17-ylsulfanylethyl 4-azidosalicylate 2 yields separable isomeric sulfoxides. Oxidation at the sulfur atom occurs during the radio-iodination of 2, leading to low radiochemical yield. The sulfoxides themselves can be efficiently radio-iodinated to specific activities approaching 1000 Ci mmol–1 and recovered in high yield after ion-exchange purification. They are biologically active in the induction of α-amylase in aleurone cells of wild oat, Avena fatua and, thus, are useful probes for the study of gibberellin perception in this system. The synthesis of 6-[2-(5-iodosalicyloyloxy)ethyl]sulfinylhexanoic acid is also described. This molecule has been designed to act as a mimic of the hydrophobic side-chain of the radioiodinated photoaffinity probe and, thus, may be a useful additive for the reduction of non-specific labelling in photoaffinity experiments.


Based on the figures of import and export and total output value from 1981~2005 in Anhui province,by means of coordinate test and Granger cause-effect test,the practical analyses of the relationship between Anhui import and export trade and economic growth were carried out,the result of which shows there exist the mere dynamic balanced relationship among the three for a long time,the one-way cause-effect relationship between import and export trade and economic growth,while the relationship between export and import is cause and effect.


As diverse student populations expand in colleges and universities in the United States, attention must be given to preserving students' cultural integrity. Dominant theories of student persistence contend that integration, not cultural preservation is necessary to student success. This qualitative study examines the experiences of one group of diverse students who had low retention and graduation rates. International students in their senior year at a private, religiously-affiliated university were interviewed to determine if they had integrated into the mainstream campus culture to be successful. Three areas of change were identified: those that most students make when transitioning to college, those required by the religious environment of the institution, and those related to students' home cultures. The study demonstrates that one group of diverse students, international students, saw integration as positive. They did not view their integration as assimilation and felt that they had preserved their cultural integrity.


Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is an increasingly used curative treatment for some solid tumors in children. Instead of allogeneic transplantation, the risk of developing graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is much lower after AHSCT. Although the clinical findings of auto-GVHD are mild and self-limited in most cases, rare cases may be severe and need intensive immunosuppressive treatment. Here, we present a case who underwent autologous HSCT due to relapsed neuroblastoma, developed steroid-refractory GvHD after AHSCT, and achieved remission using ruxolitinib. A 12 years old female patient was diagnosed with relapsed neuroblastoma. After metaiodobenzylguanidine treatment, AHSCT was performed, and the status of the disease was a very good partial response at the time of transplantation. Our patient was diagnosed with severe and steroid-refractory GvHD with skin involvement after AHSCT. We used ruxolitinib with extracorporeal photopheresis because of the essential side effects of the other drugs and got a very good response. Over the following five months, there was no recurrence of GvHD. She was in complete remission of neuroblastoma after two years of AHSCT. It is crucial to keep in mind that GvHD may develop after AHSCT. Ruxolitinib is an effective treatment for GvHD also after AHSCT. Further studies and case reports are needed to understand the disease's pathogenesis and regulate appropriate treatment.


In seismology Fourier analyses of long time series are used chiefly in connection with studies of free oscillations and earth tides. In the past, these analyses have required large amounts of time on large computers, and many seismologists who had important data, but did not have access to large computers, were unable to analyze their data. In this letter we point out a recent alogrithm [Cooley and Tukey, 1965] which considerably reduces the time required for Fourier analysis.

As an example, we have analyzed a record obtained on a strain seismograph after the large Rat Island earthquake of February 4, 1965 (magnitude 7¾). The record consists of 2048 equally spaced data points extending over a period of approximately 13½ hours. The data were analyzed not only with the 'fast Fourier transform' but also with a Fourier analysis program prepared by one of the authors (A.A.N.). This latter program purposely sacrifices speed for accuracy, and it is not surprising that the difference in time required for the analysis: 2.4 sec for the fast Fourier transform as compared with 1567.8 sec for the conventional program, is greater than predicted. In general, the Cooley-Tukey algorithm should be faster according to the ratio n/log2n, where n is the number of data points.


The influences of Ge-132 on the expression of Epstein-Barr Vi-rus (EBV) antigens were studied in vitro by indirect immunofluorescence staining. Theresults showed that the expression of EBV antigens was significantly inhibited by non-non-cytotoxic doses of Ge-132 and the inhibition was dose-dependent. Inhibition rateof Ge-l32 (50~200μg/ml) on VCA and MA expression by B95-8 cells were 39.24~52.27%and 15.42-34.1 5%respectively. Co-cultured and pretreated Raji cells with theconcentration of 5~40μg/ml of Ge-132 markedly inhibited the exoression of EA inducedby croton oil and n-butyric acid, inhibition rate were 11.29% to 54.21%and 39.15~80.08%.respecti vely. These results suggest that Ge-132 markedly inhibit the expression of EBVantigens in target cells, it may be used in the prevention of EBV-related disease.


The accuracy and reliability of acoustic field calculations are often determined by uncertainty in environmental parameters. There are currently several approaches for predicting calculated‐acoustic‐field uncertainty arising from environmental uncertainties. This presentation outlines the current development of a method for predicting acoustic uncertainty based on correlations between variations in an uncertain parameter and spatial shifts within a calculated acoustic field. The results of this technique are compared with several other modern methods for predicting acoustic uncertainty such as direct sampling of environmental parameters, linearization and higher‐order finite difference approaches, the adjoint method for approximating derivatives of the acoustic field with respect to environmental parameters, and polynomial chaos methods. The advantages and limitations of each technique are presented for range‐independent shallow‐ocean sound channels at nominal ranges of 1 to 10 km and frequencies from 100...