Understanding the relationship between IT Business Strategic Alignment (ITBSA), IT Personnel Capabilities (ITPC), and Intangible IT Resources (IITR) is utmost important. Strategic scholars and professionals looks to these three strategic resources as the main driver of generating distinctive competencies which in turn become the main source of creating sustainable competitive advantages (SCA). The aim of this study is to establish and understand a new path between three strategic inputs on the SCA which overlooked in the literature and thereby there is a need to cover this critical gap. The main objective of this paper is to determine whether IT personnel capability will influence directly and/or indirectly (moderating role) on the relationship between IT business strategic alignment and intangible IT resources towards creating SCA. Hence, this paper question to what extent capability of IT personnel is able to strengthen the relationship between ITBSA and ITPC on the SCA. Applying, Resources-based View (RBV) and Dynamic Capability View (DCV), this paper intended to investigate the role of IT personnel capability on enabling firm?s strategic resources such as ITBSA and IITR on SCA achievement. Therefore, in order to achieve the proposed objectives and answering the questions of this study, the author will apply cross sectional survey for collecting appropriate data from IT managers among Algerian high-tech industry. Implications and suggestions will be discussed.


There is a multitude of instruments for measuring religiosity/spirituality. Many of these questionnaires are used or even were developed in the context of studies about the connection between religiosity/spirituality and health. Thus, it seems crucial to note that measures can focus on quite different components along a hypothetical path between stressors and health. We present an instructive model which helps to identify these different components and allows the categorization of instruments of religiosity/spirituality according to their primary measurement intention: intensity/centrality, resources, needs, coping, and quality of life/well-being. Furthermore, we point out possibilities as to how religiosity and spirituality can be differentiated. We argue that the distinction between religiosity and spirituality is important in countries with a more secular background where a growing number of people identify themselves as "spiritual, but not religious".


By doping an inorganic compound with two specific types of trivalent rare-earth impurities the controlled creation of electron- and hole-trapping centres is possible. This is demonstrated with experimental data on LiLnSiO4:Ce3+, Sm3+, Ln = Y or Lu. After exposure to ionizing radiation electrons are captured by Sm3+ and holes are captured by Ce3+. The electron trapping depth is given by the energy difference between the Sm2+ ground state and the bottom of the conduction band. This energy is estimated from the energy of charge transfer from the valence band to Eu3+ employing recently developed models. The trapping energy is also determined from thermoluminescence studies. Both values are in good agreement.


ABSTRACT Public speaking strikes fear in the heart of many people. This tactics session sought to sharpen the audience's public speaking and presentation skills by providing them with six ingredients to a successful presentation: comfort level, gaining attention, organization, presentation style, discussion, and the wrap-up. Incorporating these principles in one's presentation would help the speaker gain the attention of the audience, communicate effectively, and enact change.


The Ministry of Transport and Communications started in 1992 a long-term project to enchance the study and evaluation of traffic safety work in Finland. The programme focuses on studying traffic behaviour by means of collecting data on road user behaviour, on the same locations and at the same time yearly. This report presents the results of the study for 1995 and 1996, and compares them with earlier findings.


Equipment offering degree evaluation plays a fundamental role in requirements analysis of weapons and equipment demonstration. An equipment offering degree evaluation method for weapon system-of-systems combat network (WSOSCN) based on operation loop is proposed. After discussing the WSOSCN model and its generation algorithm, a measure called equipment offering degree index is put forward to evaluate the contribution of single equipment in a WSOSCN. A case is studied to analyze the offering degree of different type of nodes. And different edge connection probability increased strategies are considered to illustrate the influence of edge connection probability on equipment offering degree evaluation. Results show that decision entities play the most essential role in a WSOSCN and high level command & control (C2) center is of more significance than the leaf C2 center. Results also show that in the early period of WSOS development, enhancing the connection between armaments has important implications.


Introduction: One of the important criteria for assessing the quality of educational services in any university is the students' opinions. In this regard, this study aimed to assess the quality of educational services from the viewpoints of radiology students of the School of Paramedicine of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences based on the SERVQUAL evaluation model. Method: The statistical population of this descriptive and analytical study was all the 120 undergraduate students of radiology in Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in southwest of Iran, of whom 115 were selected by census method. A standard questionnaire was used to collect data which were analyzed by SPSS version 22. Findings: This study showed that there was a negative gap in all dimensions of the model. The corresponding gaps for each dimension are as follows (from highest to lowest): the assurance dimension (mean = 1.26), empathy dimension (mean = 1.16), reliability dimension (mean = 1.0), responsiveness dimension (mean = 1.09) and tangibles dimension (mean = 0.98). Also, there was no statistically significant difference between age, sex and academic year of the students and the percentage of the gap. Discussion and Conclusion: Students' expectations were beyond their perception of the status quo, and none of the five dimensions of the quality of educational services met their expectations. Therefore, it is necessary for the university to narrow the existing gap according to its type and severity.


The electric variable transmission (EVT) offers a powersplit for hybrid electric vehicles by integrating two motor/ generator sets into one electric machine. This double rotor concept implements a continuously variable transmission between the engine and the driveline, including the possibility for electric propulsion. To guarantee good energy efficiency of the overall vehicle configuration, an integrated powertrain control (IPC) strategy is developed. First, optimization of the transmission ratio is analyzed by considering energy losses in the EVT. Next, an energy management strategy is presented incorporating the complete hybrid functionality of the EVT. Simulation results demonstrate feasibility of this IPC strategy and support the design process for optimal component specifications.


Minimum-wage laws are no longer a subject of merely academic discussion in the United States. Massachusetts has already legis? lated; Ohio has given constitutional sanction to the principle of minimum-wage legislation; two other states, Minnesota and Wisconsin, considered in 1910 bills which, though they failed to pass at the first session, will be reintroduced in 1913. The Wis? consin bill, drafted by Professor John R. Commons, will have the powerful support of the State Industrial Commission. In Oregon an initial measure has been drafted and will doubtless be introduced during 1913. There is, however, at present not one wage board in existence, and it seems probable that there will be none before


International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) ha s proposed alternative solutions for cases when Glo bal Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) is blocked. Among them, DME/DME has fe tures that make it as a good and cost-effective option. In this paper, DME/DME navigation is implemented based on Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and its performance and accura y from the APNT perspective has been investigated in a real aerial route based on current operable DME network in I.R. IRAN. These investigations show that the integrated aerial navigation via DME/ DME cover the specified APNT requirements and their proper dispersal provides the required coverage according to RNAV/RNP require ments.


With survey data collected from 414 farmers of professional farmers cooperatives in Jiangxi Province,an empirical study was conducted to study the factors affecting farmers fulfilling the contracts through the construction of a two-element Logistic model.The results showed that: Education,price fluctuations of agricultural products,the distance between the village and the town,government support,changes in agricultural technologies after joining the co-operatives,agricultural cooperatives' investment in agricultural facilities,profit return,penalties clauses and penalties for members of cooperatives who have violated contract terms are positively related to the behaviors in fulfilling the contracts. Household number of laborers,ratio of agricultural income to total revenue,agricultural input cost and infrastructure are negatively related while age and gender have not significant influence; Fruit and vegetable farmers are more likely to fulfill the contract; In order to improve the rate of farmers fulfilling the contracts,some countermeasures and suggestions were put forward.


Grid computing is the act of sharing tasks over multiple computers. Tasks can range from data storage to complex calculations and can be spread over large geographical distances. This paper emphasis on grid computing basic features, difference between cloud computing, grid computing, cluster computing and distributed computing. In addition this paper highlights the various applications of grid computing for prominent fields both in India & abroad.


We study the extension of the macroscopic crowd motion model with congestion to a population divided into two types. As the set of pairs of density whose sum is bounded is not geodesically convex in the product of Wasserstein spaces, the generic splitting scheme may be ill-posed. We thus analyze precisely the projection operator on the set of admissible densities, and link it to the projection on the set of measures of bounded density in the mono-type case. We then derive a numerical scheme to adapt the one-typed population splitting scheme.


Background and objective: There are no data about the influence of anaesthetics on cardiovascular variables during pressure support ventilation of the lungs through the laryngeal mask airway. We compared propofol, sevoflurane and isoflurane for maintenance of anaesthesia with the ProSeal® laryngeal mask airway during pressure support ventilation. Methods: Sixty healthy adults undergoing peripheral musculo‐skeletal surgery were randomized for maintenance with sevoflurane end‐tidal 2%, isoflurane end‐tidal 1.1% or propofol 6 mg kg−1 h−1 in oxygen 33% and air. Pressure support ventilation comprised positive end‐expiratory pressure set at 5 cmH2O, and pressure support set 5 cmH2O above positive end‐expiratory pressure. Pressure support was initiated when inspiration produced a 2 cmH2O reduction in airway pressure. A blinded observer recorded cardiorespiratory variables (heart rate, mean blood pressure, oxygen saturation, airway occlusion pressure, respiratory rate, expired tidal volume, expired minute volume and end‐tidal CO2), adverse events and emergence times. Results: Respiratory rate and minute volume were 10‐21% lower, and end‐tidal CO2 6‐11% higher with the propofol group compared with the sevoflurane or isoflurane groups, but otherwise cardiorespiratory variables were similar among groups. No adverse events occurred in any group. Emergence times were longer with the propofol group compared with the sevoflurane or isoflurane groups (10 vs. 7 vs. 7 min). Conclusion: Lung ventilation is less effective and emergence times are longer with propofol than sevoflurane or isoflurane for maintenance of anaesthesia during pressure support ventilation with the ProSeal® laryngeal mask airway. However, these differences are small and of doubtful clinical importance.


The Outer Banks of North Carolina has become an increasingly popular tourist destination over the past couple of decades, with water sports, golf, and historical sites luring thousands of people to its shores each year. Even some residents think of their lifestyles as working vacations, and this is particularly true for the mobile practitioners assigned to the area's healthcare facilities. Darrell Todd, BSN, RN, a traveler with Vita Medical Staffing, considers himself lucky to be among that lot.


Based on the actual rainfall data and saturated-unsaturated seepage theory, the change of pore water pressure and volumetric moisture content of carbonaceous mudstone embankment slope were studied under designed rainfall intensity. At the same time, the effect of rainfall intensity change on the slope failure mode and safety coefficient was analyzed. The results of the study show that: Continuous rainfall will make the surface layer negative pore water pressure of carbonaceous mudstone embankment slope loss, and in transient saturation zone the volumetric moisture content reaches the saturated moisture content. Safety coefficient of carbonaceous mudstone embankment slope gradually decreases with the rainfall continuing, potential sliding surface also have the tendency of extending into the embankment.


SPINAL CORD OLIGODENDROGLIOMA is a rare lesion.' Oligodendrogliomas form a very small minority of gliomas and out of 220 oligodendrogliomas, Kernohan and Sayre* found only 9 involving the spinal cord. The two cases reported here show extensive involvement of the cord by tumor at multiple levels and bony changes in the spine. In one of the cases there is a n unusual radiographic appearance with widespread scalloping of the posterior vertebral bodies and severe kyphoscoliosis.


We propose and demonstrate a five-port optical router based on mode-selective property. It utilizes modes as labels to distinguish its routing paths. The optical signal-to-noise ratios for all paths are larger than 16.3 dB.


This paper experimentally documents the relevance of cognitive uncertainty – subjective uncertainty over one's utility-maximizing action – for understanding and predicting intertemporal choice. The main idea is that when people are cognitively noisy, such as when a decision problem is very complex, they implicitly treat different time delays to some degree alike. By experimentally measuring and exogenously manipulating cognitive uncertainty, we document that this logic sheds light on why observed choices often appear very impatient over short horizons but not over longer ones, and why intertemporal decisions frequently violate transitivity. Structural estimations provide evidence that cognitive noisiness is a quantitatively important driver of intertemporal decisions, so that accounting for measured cognitive uncertainty generates large improvements in model fit. Finally, cognitive uncertainty also matters for choice architecture: people who are nervous about making mistakes in intertemporal decisions are twice as likely to follow expert advice.


Knock is one of the major constraints to improve the performance and thermal efficiency of spark ignition (SI) engines. It can also result in severe permanent engine damage under certain operating conditions. Based on the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), this paper proposes a new approach to determine the knock characteristics in SI engines. By adding a uniformly distributed and finite white Gaussian noise, the EEMD can preserve signal continuity in different scales and therefore alleviates the mode-mixing problem occurring in the classic empirical mode decomposition (EMD). The feasibilities of applying the EEMD to detect the knock signatures of a test SI engine via the pressure signal measured from combustion chamber and the vibration signal measured from cylinder head are investigated. Experimental results show that the EEMD-based method is able to detect the knock signatures from both the pressure signal and vibration signal, even in initial stage of knock. Finally, by comparing the application results with those obtained by short-time Fourier transform (STFT), Wigner–Ville distribution (WVD) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT), the superiority of the EEMD method in determining knock characteristics is demonstrated.


This study was designed to examine the effects of angiogenesis inhibitors IFN-α and TIMP-1 on lymphangiogenesis. We cultured lymphatic endothelial (LE) cells from pig thoracic ducts and performed morphological observations using light microscopy, TEM, and confocal microscopy to confirm their lymphatic origin. We tested these cells for growth inhibition by angiogenesis inhibitors IFN-α and TIMP-1 using both the scraping line and MTT methods. In addition, we analyzed apoptosis using the Hoechst and Caspase staining methods. Finally, we tested IFN-α and TIMP-1 using in vivo inhibitory assays. By morphological observations, all LE cells in vivo and in vitro were found to be of very similar morphology. Both in vitro inhibitory assays of scraping line and MTT showed significant differences for the IFN-α treatment (p<0.01) and no significant difference for TIMP-1. Hoechst and Caspase apoptosis assays demonstrated that IFN-α could induce apoptosis of LE cells, and TIMP-1 had little effect. IFN-α and TIMP-1 inhibitory in vivo assays showed a lack of healing following IFN-α treatment compared to control and TIMP-1 treatment. In summary, these different angiogenesis inhibitors have different effects on lymphangiogenesis. IFN-α inhibits proliferation and migration of LE cells in a dose-dependent fashion and induces apoptosis of LE cells while TIMP-1 has no significant inhibitory effects on proliferation, migration, or inducing apoptosis.


Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of benzene-exposed workers with leucopenia by syndrome differentiation.Methods: 53 inpatients randomly divided into regular group and herbal group were diagnostically treated.Glutathione,polyactini A tablets and leucogen were used in regular group combinated with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor injection.Herbal decoction was used together with the above-mentioned therapy by syndrome differentiation in herbal group.Results: Symptoms and leukocyte count of herbal group were much better than those of regular group(P0.05).Conclusion:The curative effect could be improved by syndrome differentiation to therapy the leucopenia caused by benzene-exposure.


Journal of Organic Chemistry of the USSR translated, vol. 14, No. 6 1978 pp. 1222-1224. Journal of Organic Chemistry of the USSR translated vol. 14, No. 5, 1978 pp. 985-988. Nouveau Journal De Climie, vol. 8, No. 6 1984 p. 381-385. Inorg. Chem. 1984 vol. 23 pp. 2633-2640. J. L. Schrenk, et al, "Solvent and Ion-Pairing Effects on the Photochemical Arene Replacement Reactions of (n-C4H9)Fe(7p-xyl)"(p-xyl=p-xylene)", Inorg. Chem. 22, 4047-4049, 1983.


Key words: ethnic/national identity, language, history, Balkan, Macedonia
ABSTRACT
This paper attempts to contribute towards the discussion of contemporary identity issues and their influence, basing the analysis upon the current situation primarily in the Republic of Macedonia, but also in the context of the identity issues of other Balcans?ethnic groups/nations. The basic identity construction will be based upon the scientifically (un)justified thesis on the sustainability of language and history as basic elements from which the ethnic or national identity of Balkan people is being constructed and maintained. How are identities manifested in contemporary Macedonian society, the question of the so called "traditional identity", auto-identification, the relations on the line of I/we and he/she/others, the influence of the historical past upon Macedonians and the Macedonian cultural and historical space of identification (in Balkan context), the analysis of all these issues presents an attempt for a contribution towards the contemporary discussion on the which almost averyone searches for a kind of identity.


Objective
To explore the effects of teach-back method on the compliance of functional exercises in postoperative patients with breast cancer.

Methods
Totally 105 postoperative patients with breast cancer admitted in our hospital from March to September 2015 were selected as the control group, and 114 patients from October 2015 to March 2016 were selected as the intervention group. Patients in the intervention group received the functional exercises based on teach-back method, while patients in the control group received routine health education method. The mastery skill score and compliance of functional exercise one day before discharge in two groups were compared.

Results
The mastery skill score of functional exercise one day before discharge was (63.73±5.51) in the intervention group, which was significantly higher than (56.45±4.88) in the control group (P<0.05); the constituent ratio of fully compliance, partial compliance and noncompliance status in the intervention group one day before discharge were 64.91%, 25.44%, 9.65%, and they were obviously superior to the control group (47.62%, 36.19%, 16.19%) (P<0.05).

Conclusions
Teach back method can effectively improve the skill and compliance of functional exercise in postoperative patients with breast cancer.

Key words:
Breast cancer; Teach-back method; Functional exercise; Compliance


While collecting and analyzing customer data via the web browser (Web Analytics) is very common in onlineretail, stationary retail outlets have so far tended to neglect to collect and assess data of customer visits to their stores (InStore Customer Analytics) and have instead tended to focus on analyzing transaction data. Yet for online retail, it is the analysis of customer data prior to the transaction that has been the most influential tool for the further development and improvement of services, in particular the optimization of the landing page and conversion optimization. Thus it can be assumed that the analysis of customer visit data offers a similar potential to improve services and conversion rates for stationary retail. This paper offers a systematic assessment of the measurable components of in-store customer metrics based on an extensive literature review and furthermore provides a matrix for maturity assessment for a number of key technologies that are available for in-store customer analytics.


Alcoholic fermentation is generally performed by Saccharomyces spp., especially by the principal wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The wide variety of natural yeasts reflects the biodiversity, in most grape musts. During spontaneous fermentation, dynamics of microbial population results in successions of different strains, which contribute to the aromatic complexity and diversity of the wine. In the present work, Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were isolated in 2009 during the harvest from biodynamic wine farms of Tuscany, starting from Syrah musts with zero or low levels of added sulphite, according to the tendency of "natural wines" producers to abate every invasive operation during wine making. By means of molecular techniques, thirteen different profiles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were identified from a hundred isolates. The collected Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were characterized, in order to verify the effect of low sulphite addition on biodiversity, pursuing information about stress-adaptation mechanisms that allow the survival in the challenging environment of fermenting must. Sulphite addition may act as a selective factor to induce the presence and the activity of strains with diverse features about sulphite metabolism. The different additions of sulphite induced a considerable variability among strains. Moreover, increasing levels of ethanol limited considerably the activity of the selected strains. Further gene-specific investigation may contribute to reveal the complex mechanism of resistance to environmental stress condition.


It is known that fabrication of shallow silicide‐to‐silicon contacts is possible by diluting the silicide‐forming metal with some other metal which does not participate in silicide formation at the chosen annealing temperature. We report preliminary experiments undertaken to develop contacts which are even shallower, by a modification of this method. The diluting metal is replaced by Si which supplies a portion of the Si needed in silicide formation. An amorphous alloy of ∼400‐A Pd80Si20, coevaporated onto a Si single crystal substrate, has been successfully used to form a continuous and uniform layer of Pd2Si which only consumes ∼80A of substrate silicon. The formation and microstructural properties of the formed silicide has been studied by in situ transmission electron microscopy experiments. These results were correlated with parallel measurements of the current‐voltage characteristics of Schottky diodes made from the same material. It is shown that annealing for ∼ 1/4 h at 200 °C is sufficient to for...


This paper investigates the event-triggering containment control of multi-agent networks with fixed and switching topologies, where there exist interactions between the leaders. Two cases are studied, respectively: One is that the leaders are opinionated. Then each leader will converge to its initial goal and the followers converge to the convex hull formed by the leaders. The other is that the leaders are not opinionated. Then the leaders will not insist on their initial goals and converge to some compromising states due to the interactions among them, while the followers still converge to the convex hull formed by the leaders. By means of pull-based event-triggering control, the event-triggering containment control problems of multi-agent systems with fixed and switching topologies are investigated, respectively. Finally, simulations are given to illustrate the theoretical results.


The deposition of metallic nickel on n-Si(100) wafers was performed without external potential control in aqueous NiSO 4 solutions of different compositions at pH 8.0. Without giving any catalyzation treatment, the deposition of nickel on hydrogen-terminated Si(100) was confirmed in a conventional electroless plating bath containing NaH 2 PO 2 as the reducing agent, sodium citrate as the complexing agent, and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 as the buffering agent. The deposition of nickel was found to take place also in a bath without the reducing agent, and even in a simple solution consisting of NiSO 4 and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 . By using a transmission electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, the cross sections of the films deposited from these solutions were examined, which revealed formation of silicon oxide between the Ni deposit and Si substrate. Based on these results, the mechanism of the entire process of electroless Ni deposition on Si is discussed.


CLASSROOM MODELS FOR TEACHING professional writing often do not accurately reflect the way writing is conducted in the workplace. Many techniques for teaching professional writing are adapted from models from the composition classroom and may overlook the context in which writing in the workplace occurs. Not surprisingly, studies and surveys of professionals in the workplace have found that many professionals feel their undergraduate training in writing left them unprepared for the writing tasks they faced every day (Aldrich, 1982; Redish, 1989; Spears, 1996). Readers of workplace writing frequently complain not that recent college graduates lack strategies for writing, but that they apply inappropriate strategies to writing tasks (Redish, 1989). My own experiences teaching writing in industry have caused


The U.S. Navy has unique sensing requirements that require the use of non-traditional sensing techniques. Problems of electromagnetic interference (EMI), reliability, and weight have driven the Navy to pursue fiber optic sensors to meet these requirements. This paper presents an overview of fiber optic sensor technology related to Navy shipboard requirements. The different types of sensors as well as a means of interconnecting these sensors are described. In addition, overviews of two areas relating to future shipboard sensing systems are presented: MEMS Sensors and Hybrid Networks.


Title: Function, Form and Material Changes of Sasak Traditional House due to Modernization
Along with the increasing time and technological development, society's needs will change or evolve, starting from the social and cultural aspects. This will affect the architectural side of community dwellings, including traditional houses. Traditional houses will experience architectural changes starting from the needs of space, activities, social users, and materials as in the study to be discussed, the Sasak traditional house in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. Many changes that occur are the function of the living space due to various factors, one of which is the addition of family members. The use of material also experienced a lot of changes due to economic factors and technological factors. Therefore, this study will analyze the changes that occur and their influence on the initial meaning contained in the Sasak traditional house due to various factors at the time of modernization.


The case of a "smoking disaccustomer" and "psycholigist" is reported who carried out his profitable job at various places. Aided by his lawyer, he successfully resisted all attempts by the authorities to acquire registration as a lay healer. In this way, he skillfully took advantage of the existing loopholes of legislation and even went as far as threaten the authorities. Finally, his dealings were brought to an end by the district court of Kassel on March 21, 1978, which ruled that the "Heilpraktiker" law ought to protect the people against mistreatment and exploitation. Thus criteria of the German "Reichsversicherungsordnung" are not applicable in this case.


This is an online car renting store that has listings of various car along with their features. The system allows user to brent a car online through credit card payment. This system also consists of feature where user can ask admin for car on rent. The visitor who visits the system must register himself by filling up personal details. After registration user can login to the system with his username and password in order to access the system. User can check various car listing and can view each car feature. User can also check features of the car. User may select the product and can add the product to shopping cart. User can make payment through credit cards by clicking on credit card payment option. User can also access blog section by registration. User can post their and blogs and see other blogs too.


Scenarios for the use of the recently approved scalable video coding (SVC) extension of H.264/MPEG4-AVC in IPTV services are presented. For that, a brief technical overview of SVC when deployed in IPTV services is provided. The coding efficiency of the various scalability types of SVC is demonstrated followed by an analysis of the complexity of the various SVC tools. Based on this technical characterization, it is described how the different SVC features such as efficient methods for graceful degradation, bit rate adaptation, and format adaptation, can be mapped to application requirements of IPTV services. It is discussed how such mappings can lead to improved content portability, management and distribution as well as an improved management of access network throughput resulting in better quality of service and experience for the users of IPTV services.


Intracellular electrophysiological recordings in current‐ and voltage‐clamp mode were obtained from dopaminergic neurons of the rat mesencephalon in an in vitro slice preparation. In current‐clamp mode, a time‐dependent anomalous rectification (TDR) of the membrane was observed in response to hyperpolarizing current pulses. In single‐electrode voltage‐clamp mode, a slowly developing inward current (lh) underlying the TDR was studied by hyperpolarizing voltage commands from a holding potential of ‐50 to ‐60 mV. lh started to be activated at ‐69 mV, was fully activated at ‐129 to ‐141 mV, with half‐maximal activation at ‐87 mV, and showed no inactivation with time. The time course of development of Ih followed a single exponential, and its time constant was voltage‐dependent. At ‐81 mV, lh activated with a time constant of 379 2 47.6 ms, whereas at ‐129 mV lh activated with a time constant of 65 ? 2.2 ms. Its estimated reversal potential was ‐35 ± 4 mV. Raising the extracellular concentration of K+ from 2.5 to 6.5 and to 12.5 mM increased the amplitude of lh while reducing the extracellular concentration of Na+ from 153.2 to 27.2 mM caused a reduction in amplitude of lh. Bath application of caesium (1–5 mM) reversibly reduced or blocked the TDR/lh. Perfusion of tetrodotoxin (0.5–1 μM), tetraethylammonium (10–20 mM) or barium (0.3–2 mM) did not significantly affect lh. lh was also present in cells impaled with CsCI‐filled electrodes. When lh was substantially reduced by extracellular caesium (1 mM) the firing rate of the dopaminergic cells, which consisted of a spontaneous pacemaker discharge of action potentials, was not clearly changed. In addition, the holding current in voltage‐clamp experiments at ‐50 to ‐60 mV was not affected by 1 mM caesium. We conclude that although the lh current is a typical feature of the dopaminergic neurons, it is neither a significant factor underlying the spontaneous pacemaker activity nor does it contribute substantially to the setting of the normal resting potential level of the membrane. On the other hand, since lh starts at voltages lower than or equal to ‐69 mV (below firing threshold), it may play a modulatory role in the cell's excitability by limiting the amplitude and duration of any prolonged hyperpolarizing events in the dopaminergic cells.


Let K, A be respectively a compact and an element of B(H) the algebra of all bounded linear operators acting on a complex Hilbert space H . In this paper we define the maximal numerical range of the set A∗K = {A∗B : B ∈ K} relatively to K by WK(A∗K) = co( ⊔ B∈K WB(A∗B)). Where WB(A∗B) is the maximal numerical range of A∗B relatively to B defined by Magajna [6] and which coincides with the maximal numerical range W0(B) of B defined by Stampfli [7] if A is the unit element I . Our new definition will generalize the results of Stampfli [7] and BarraaBoumazguour [1] over the distance of an element B to Vect(A) . It also will generalize and improve several inequalities established by Dragomir [4, 5] linking the norm and the numerical radius of B .


The study was carried out in 2003–2004 on the field which had been left fallowed for the last 3–4 years, on loess soil. Thirteen species of weeds were thoroughly analysed. The purpose of the analysis was assessing their prolificacy in relation to the selected biometric features. Each species was represented by 30 specimens. On the basis of each plant's seed numbers the average, minimal and maximal numbers of seeds for species were given in the table.
Among the most prolific were: Daucus carota, Conyza canadensis and Matricaria inodora, and the least prolific were Vicia grandiflora, Stachys palustris and Lithospermum arvense. Seed production of the studied weed species was significantly correlated with their air-dry weight and the number of fruits or fruit sets. Also, the correlation of seed production and the height of plants was found for Bromus secalinus, Viola arvensis, Stachys palustris, Centaurea cyanus and Vicia hirsuta. Among the discussed biometric features the weight of one thousand seeds and plant's height revealed slight deviation, while the number of fruits or fruit sets and air-dry weight – strong deviation from the average values.


Uterine prolapse is a common obstetrical problem, adversely affects productive and reproductive performance of buffalo by hampering postpartum return to estrus, conception rate and calving interval. A three years old buffalo having history of recent parturition was suffering from prolapsed mass coming throughout the vagina. On gynae-clinical examination it was diagnosed as uterine prolapse as the mass was huge and presence of maternal caruncles on it. The prolapsed mass was replaced manually, in recumbent condition using Buhner's suture. The buffalo was recovered uneventfully without any complication.


Human beings experience all sorts of emotions: sadness, fear, joy, anger, etc. which they communicate to their surrounding through language. As such, emotions are embedded in culture and thus differ from one person to another according to the cultural context and specific situations or events that trigger them. They can be expressed in action, for instance boxing in order to evacuate once anger, or in writing through language. Language is thus relevant for emotion and plays a key role in expressing emotions. There thus exists a close link between emotion and language. This partly explains why literary works, be it drama, prose or poetry are highly characterised by emotional discourse. This is because writers in order to educate, to sensitise, to entertain or to get the support of readers on an issue, evoke their emotions by the use of linguistic tools such as tone, diction, figurative languages, etc. However, despite the pervasiveness of emotions in literary texts, the translation of emotional discourse remains a challenging task. The reason being that, although emotions have been broadly searched in the domain of psychology, it remains under investigated in the domain of translation studies. As compared to other fields where the areas of investigation of emotions are types of emotions, emotions vocabulary in a specific culture, the measurement of the intensity of emotions, the cross-cultural similarities of emotion words, emotion meaning across culture, emotional problems, the manifestation of emotions, and so on, most translation scholars fail to investigate translation strategies which can be suitable to render emotions conveyed in a text. Some of these scholars limit themselves to the difficulties posed by the translation of emotions, and to finding equivalence in emotion words that exist between languages. This study thus aims at investigating translation strategies suitable to render the meaning of emotional discourse embedded in a literary work and their effects in the translation process, while focusing on the stylistic signals of emotions in a literary work more precisely in Djaïli Amadou Amal's Munyal: Les Larmes de la Patience, and their translatability. It thus provides grounds for the translation of emotions, and comes up with translation strategies adapted for their translation. It also sheds light on what should be considered as the translation unit during their rendering. For this purpose, the emotions concerned in this study are anger, fear and sadness; and the selected emotional cultural phenomena dealt with in this research cut across borders. Besides, the study was grounded on the polysystem theory backed up by few literary and language theories. Also, it opted for a mixed approach. This approach enabled the collection of qualitative data through documentary research and textual analysis carried out both at the macro-textual level and at the micro-textual level; and quantitative data through statistics. The results of the investigation showed that stylistic signals of emotions in a literary text are dialogue, the author naming and describing emotions experienced by characters, characters' choice of words, the description of characters' facial expression, characters' tone, the narrator tone and characters' attitude. In addition to this, the study also revealed that translation strategies proposed by Chesterman (1997) more precisely literal translation, information change and explicitness change can be used to render the meaning of emotional discourse
embedded in a text. These strategies can also be combined and used. Furthermore, the investigations also highlighted that in translating emotional discourse, a translator can either be "source-oriented" or "target-oriented"; or both. Given that both source and target-oriented strategies were used. Besides, the results also showed that in translating emotional discourse the translator should take into account sentences in their entirety and not isolated terms.


The FEA model of a certain CPP hub is built in this paper. The simulation analysis under the MCR operating mode is carried out, and the stresses of important parts are compared with traditional, theoretical calculation results. Combined with the traditional calculation, the analysis result can offer a preferable foundation for the design and structure optimization of hubs.


A wave is a distributed execution, often made up of a broadcast phase followed by a feedback phase, requiring the participation of all the system processes before a particular event called decision is taken. Solutions to a large number of problems such as globalsnapshots can be solved efficiently using multiple concurrent initiators. In this paper, we propose an optimal snapstabilizing algorithm, referred to as an mwave algorithm, that would be initiated by one or more initiator processes, essentially forming a collection of individual waves. Having multiple initiators enables a better reach and faster completion of broadcasted messages as a result. Our algorithm differs from existing multi-node broadcasting techniques in a few notable ways, such as working in any arbitrary network and having dynamic initiator processes that participate in an m-wave cycle depending on the presence of an external input. Being snap-stabilizing ensures the proposed algorithm always behaves according to its specification.


Members of Staff, Mildura Branch, 1947. Title and names of staff printed on cream cardboard mount. The names are too numerous to index fully. PERSONS: Frederick J.D. Syer, L.R.D. Pyke, Dr. J.S. Rogers, Margaret Blackwood, William K. Tickner, Margaret Lester, Jean L. Alexander, Norman H. Olver, John C. Barton, Joan W. Nanson, R.W. Nettle, Dr. F.H. Drummond, A.A.C. Carter, B.C.J. Meredith, H.K. Powell, Miss E.L. Mollison, A.H. Redcliffe, V.J.S. Greig, J.A. McDonell, K.V. Merry, K. Martin,
Previous Control Number: UMA/I/1605
Previous Control Number: OSBA/347


In order to explore the location and sizing problem of electric vehicle charging stations, this paper comprehensively considers the impact of different land types on user travel and charging station construction costs, and establishes an electric vehicle charging station location and sizing model based on charging demand forecasting. This paper first analyzes the travel behavior characteristics of electric vehicles, including travel time, travel destination, parking time, and travel times, and builds an electric vehicle travel chain based on this. Second, we use the Monte Carlo method to calculate the electric vehicle's position and state of charge. At the same time, considering the user's power anxiety coefficient, we judge the charging behavior of electric vehicles and obtain the spatial and temporal distribution of electric vehicle charging demand. Then we consider the impact of land type on the construction cost of electric vehicle charging stations and use the queuing theory to analyze the queuing system of charging stations. We establish an electric vehicle charging station location and capacity model with the goal of minimizing social costs, using the genetic algorithm to solve. Finally, we verify the effectiveness of the proposed planning method through case analysis. The results show that construction and operation costs will continue to rise with the increase in the number of charging stations. In contrast, the time cost of electric vehicle users will continue to decline. The charging station location and capacity determination method proposed in this paper can effectively balance the interests of both charging station construction operators and electric vehicle users. In the planning process of charging stations, it is worth considering the impact of land types on user travel and construction costs. Building charging stations in residential and industrial areas close to commercial or leisure areas is valid to reduce total costs.


Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is the ability that an observer persuades a distant observer to share entanglement by making local measurements. Determining a quantum state is steerable or unsteerable remains an open problem. Here, we derive a new steering inequality with infinite measurements corresponding to an arbitrary two-qubit T state, from consideration of EPR steering inequalities with N projective measurement settings for each side. In fact, the steering inequality is also a sufficient criterion for guaranteering that the T state is unsteerable. Hence, the steering inequality can be viewed as a necessary and sufficient criterion to distinguish whether the T state is steerable or unsteerable. In order to reveal the fact that the set composed of steerable states is the strict subset of the set made up of entangled states, we prove theoretically that all separable T states can not violate the steering inequality. Moreover, we put forward a method to estimate the maximum violation from concurrence for arbitrary two-qubit T states, which indicates that the T state is steerable if its concurrence exceeds 1/4.


A brief historical review is given of external radiation therapy (RT), one of the main cancer treatment methods along with surgery and chemotherapy. Cellular mechanisms of radiation damage are described. Special attention is paid to hadron (proton and ion) therapy, its history, results, problems, challenges, current trends, and prospects. Undeniably great contributions to proton therapy have been made by Russian researchers, notably at the experimental centers that have operated since the mid-20th century at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, the A I Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), and the B P Konstantinov Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics. A quarter of the global clinical experience was accumulated by 1990 at the world's largest ITEP-hosted multicabin proton therapy center.


for a historian of early modern Europe, the night, conceived as a time zone with a jurisdiction of its own, remains hard to pin down. As Evening's Empire documents, while the new meanings that came to be attributed to the night can be seen as a key element in the transition from the medieval universe, the sociocultural value of the world after nightfall took on contradictory shapes. to some it was a site of diabolic temptation and witchcraft, given that Christian doctrine had long associated darkness with Satan, death, and evil. Yet during the turbulent time between the reformation and the Enlightenment, marked as this period was by confessional conflict, those persecuted as heretics were forced to meet in secret under the cover of darkness. As a result, the night also emerged as a site for communal prayer and an encounter with the divine, with religious visionaries like John of the Cross recasting it as a sacred space for mystical devotion. Equally conflicted values can also be found regarding the distinction between the urban and the rural experience of the night. While public street lighting in cities made possible an expansion of night work, it also rendered fluid the boundary between consumer leisure, drunken excess, and political conspiracy. in rural communities, in turn, where nocturnal folk beliefs had always resisted a straightforward demonization of the night, gatherings such as spinning bees became seminal to the social exchange in village life, bringing with them courtship customs that undermined any attempt on the part of religious authorities to discipline the rural night.


The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of addition of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and potassium chloride (KCl) on the rheological behavior of bentonite suspension. The rheological measurements were carried out on the bentonite suspension and showed a shear thickening behavior with a yield stress. It was observed that the polymer solution dominates the rheological behavior of the claypolymer mixture. The addition of KCl induces an increase in viscosity and yield stress explained by the particle aggregations due to the electrical double-layer compression. Mots-clefs : Rheologie ; bentonite ; additif


NISHIDA et al. have published in the Vol. 55, page 213 of this journal the article "Induction of hyperadiponectinemia following long-term treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis with infliximab (IFX), an anti-TNF-alpha antibody" where the authors concluded that the use of infliximab in patients with active Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) significantly reduced inflammatory markers (CRP) and significantly increased total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and serum adiponectin. Recently statins have been shown to be a valuable resource for treatment of patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. The beneficial effects of these drugs in RA have two basic targets: reduce inflammation and reduce high cardiovascular risk of these patients (1). The evidence has demonstrated significant decrease in CRP (2), swollen joint counts (3) and improvement in endothelial dysfunction and aortic stiffness (4). For all these benefits and considering the safety profile with relative few adverse effect many patients are treated with this drugs. As the authors described Adiponectin levels are diminished in patients at high cardiovascular risk. Moreover concentrations are positively correlated with highdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol and statin treatment has demostrated to increase adiponectin levels being this effect dose-dependent (5). This study showed significant reduction in CRP levels, as well as increases in serum adiponectin and HDL-C with the treatment of infliximab. However it was not clear whether the included patients were receiving concomitant statins and if so, in which doses and for how long? While these results are very interesting, the potential confounding effect of statins should be further clarified.


The aim of this paper is to examine the legal changes brought about by the 1994 Forest Law and to explore how this law together with the 1974 Land ordinances regulates forest and land tenure. The paper in particular highlights conflicts with customary forest tenure and their social implications for Bantu and Bagyeli people. At the same time, the paper investigates the legal and procedural opportunities and constraints, but also the motivations the law provides for the local population to participate in forest management. First, the issues of forest control and administration, rights to economically exploit forest resources and sharing of forest benefits will be addressed to shed light on (potential) conflicts between state and customary forest management regimes. Second, the implications of legal land and forest regulations in the local setting are discussed. It will be shown that while the forest law is hardly implemented, it indirectly affects local forest tenure. Next, local conceptions of forest management are related to state's ideas of forest management and conservation. The paper concludes with some implications for future forest management scenarios.


produced focal firing from the PVs, 14 while injection of acetylcholine into the GP induced, within minutes, focal firing originating from the adjacent PV and sustained AF. 15 In addition, it has been shown that PV myocytes have cellular electrophysiological properties distinctive from the adjacent atrium, which facilitate the induction of AF. In these experiments, a shorter action potential duration and greater sensitivity to autonomic stimulation of canine PVs led to triggered firing, similar to the focal firing observed in patients with paroxysmal AF. 16,17 Moreover, the autonomic neural activity recorded from the anterior right GP increased hour by hour during 6 h of rapid atrial pacing, suggesting Abstract Ganglionated plexi (GP), consisting of conglomerations of autonomic ganglia on the epicardial surface of the heart, have been shown to play a significant role in different arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation. GP ablation has become an adjunctive procedure in the treatment of atrial fibrillation, while it has been used successfully in preliminary studies in vasovagal syncope. This review will present the current data on the physiology and clinical applications of GP ablation in the treatment of atrial fibrillation and other diseases.


Nanotubes, the last in the focus of scientists in a series of "all carbon" materials discovered over the last several decades are the most interesting and have the greatest potential. This review aims at presenting in a concise manner the considerable amount of knowledge accumulated since the discovery of this amazing form of solid carbon, particularly during the last 15 years. The topics include methods of synthesis, mathematical description, characterization by Raman spectroscopy, most important properties and applications. Problems related to the determination of CNT properties, as well as difficulties regarding their applications, in particular scaling, which would lead to their utilization,


Objective:To investigate the concentration and possible influencing factors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in urban settled house dust.Methods:Vacuum cleaner was used for gathering settled house dust in 61 urban homes,and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) with fluorescence detection and wavelength programming were used for PAHs measurement.Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the possible influencing factors on PAHs in settled house dust.Results:Of 61 samples,the detection rates of phenanthrene,fluorene and pyrene were all 100%,and others were more than 85%.The geometric mean(G) concentration range was from 0.113 to 1.919 μg / g.The G concentration of total PAHs was 10.066 μg / g,and the maximum concentration was up to 280.395 μg / g.The sum of PAHs was far higher for high molecular weight than low high molecular weight.No influencing factors were found on PAHs levels in settled house dust.Conclusion:The PAHs pollution is ubiquitous and its level might cause potential health effects.It needs further investigation with larger sample size to explore the possible influencing factors on PAHs levels in settled house dust.


Conclusions and Summary Intravenous procaine HCl increases cardiac rate and restores a regular sinus rhythm to those hearts showing irregularity during cyclopropane anaesthesia. This may account for the favorable clinical impressions on the use of procaine HCl. A protecting action against cyclopropane-epinephrine induced ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation with doses of procaine HCl reasonable for prophylactic purposes during anaesthesia could not be demonstrated. In our opinion such protection has not yet been demonstrated by others. Under the conditions of the experiment the predominating effect of procaine HCl given intravenously was an anti-vagal one.


The following article presents the final results of the design and content validation of a generic competencies dictionary for the trained psychologist. Diff...


Background: Funding is a very important aspect to improve quality of services and sustainability. The calculation per unit of service at the hospital is required to determine the amount of subsidy from the government. Aim: To calculate of unit cost and operating cost subsidies and to explore stakeholder opinions toward the calculation in maternal and child hospital, Government of Aceh. Method: The study used a descriptive case study design. Data processing referred to the calculation of unit cost by using Activity Based Costing (ABC) through two steps of direct tracing and driver tracing. Results: The average cost of direct cost is Rp13.616,00. and the driver cost is Rp2.421,00 and the unit cost is Rp20.046,00. The highest unit cost is Rp38.343,00 for implant removal service. The total subsidy required by this hospital in 2012 amounted to Rp1.019.946.211,00. Conclusion: Costs produced per unit of service are greater than tariff. Stakeholders strongly support the calculation of unit costs and will use the information for proposing subsidy to the Government of Aceh. Keywords: unit cost, activity based costing, subsidies


The development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) significantly affects life in general. On the contrary of the dynamics development of security science and high demand of knowledge and practical ability to handle the network and information security problems; network security learning is taught with theoretical dominance — the methods tend to be passive in nature for students and uses traditional approaches that are through lectures and textbooks. The study attempts to discuss technology intervention in network security learning in form of media learning named Capture The Flag game — with little involvement of Boyer-Moore Algorithm for answer-matching calculation. To test the media appropriateness, the study implements experiment in one of vocational school of Network and Computer Engineering in Bandung. By using LORI instrument, the experimental results show that the developed media is categorized as appropriate to be implemented and used as learning guidelines.


Abstract:  A 22‐year‐old white man without a personal or family history of atypical nevi had received chemotherapy for pre‐B‐cell acute lymphocytic leukemia at age 17 that included l‐asparaginase, prednisone, methotrexate, mercaptopurine, daunorubicin, and cytoxan. Two to three months after completing maintenance chemotherapy, the patient reports he developed many moles, which remained stable for approximately 2 years.


Abstract An overdetermination is introduced in an initial condition for the second order mean field games system (MFGS). This makes the resulting problem close to the classical ill-posed Cauchy problems for PDEs. Indeed, in such a problem an overdetermination in boundary conditions usually takes place. A Lipschitz stability estimate is obtained. This estimate implies uniqueness. A new Carleman estimate is derived. This latter estimate is called "quasi-Carleman estimate", since it contains two test functions rather than a single one in conventional Carleman estimates. These two estimates play the key role. Carleman estimates were not applied to the MFGS prior to the recent work of Klibanov and Averboukh in [M. V. Klibanov and Y. Averboukh, Lipschitz stability estimate and uniqueness in the retrospective analysis for the mean field games system via two Carleman estimates, preprint 2023, https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.10709].


Objective To investigate the effect of ulinastatin(UTI) on intestinal mucosal barrier of rats with severe traumatic-hemorrhagic shock.Methods 70 male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups,sham-shock group(SS group),lactated Ringer's group(LRS group) and ulinastatin(UTI) group(LRS+UTI group).After traumatic hemorrhagic shock was induced,the rats in LRS group received shed blood volume and two times of the shed blood volume of lactated Ringer's solution within 30min.The rats in LRS+UTI group were infused with Ringer's solution plus 50 000 U·kg-1·d-1 UTI.The levels of DAO and ET were detected by ELISA method at three time points(12h,24h,48h),respectively.Results The DAO levels in LRS group and LRS+UTI group at 12h,24h,48h after resuscitation were significantly higher than those in SS group(P0.05),which in LRS group reached peak at 24h,then slowly decreased,however,which in LRS+UTI group were decreased obviously 24h after resuscitation,and the decrease tendency was more obvious 48h after resuscitation.There were significant differences in the levels of DAO at 24h,48h between LRS+UTI group and LRS group(P0.05).The ET levels in LRS group and LRS+UTI group at 12h,24h,48h after resuscitation were significantly higher than those in SS group(P0.05),which in LRS group reached peak at 24h,then slowly decreased,however,which in LRS+UTI group decreased obviously at 24h,48h after resuscitation,and there were significant differences in the levels of ET at 24h,48h between LRS+UTI group and LRS group(P0.05).Conclusion The application of ulinastatin in the treatment of traumatic hemorrhagic shock can effectively relieve the injury of intestinal mucosal barrier function,alleviate the permeability of intestinal mucous membrane and can lessen the displacement of bacteria and endotoxin.


Vocational education is an important component in the popular education system,and an important basis of the national economy and social development.Developing vocational education energetically is an important measure to improve the quality of laborers,to promote industrial restructuring,and to realize the great-leap-forward development of Yan'an,the sacred land.


In this context, the term 'marker' needs to be explained. Occasionally, in the course of the millennia, mutations may occur in the DNA of an organism, such as a human or a seed of grain, and these mutations are passed down to the descendants. If these descendants remain united by a common characteristic such as a language, a certain geographic area, or a resistance against cereal rust, the DNA mutation can be considered a marker for that characteristic, even though it does not cause the characteristic. The two best-characterized genetic systems for identifying evolutionary markers in humans are the Y chromosome (passed down exclusively from the father to his male children) and mitochondrial DNA (transmitted exclusively from the mother to her children). Individuals living today differ genetically from each other as a consequence of different mutation events which occurred in their past ancestry, irrespective of whether these mutation events are interesting markers for any characteristic. To date there have been two approaches to analyzing data for the exploration of genetic patterning: the summary method and the lineage approach. The summary method treats the entire data set in terms of a population concept which considers all the different genetic types as a single heritable unit, which is passed down through time. The lineage method looks at the geographic spread and mutational age of specific lineages which in turn reflect movement of prehistoric individuals (for a discussion of the two approaches see Richards et al. 1997; Forster et al. 2001). This contrast in approach is also reflected in the choice of methods for detecting geographic patterns in genetic data. We will compare available coarse-grained approaches to detecting genetic patterns in Europe with the finer-scaled methods we propose in the main part of this paper. Peter Forster, Valentino Romano, Francesco Calì, Arne Röhl & Matthew Hurles


This case report presents the orthodontic evaluation and treatment planning of a patient with Dubowitz syndrome, an autosomal recessive inherited and rare genetic disorder characterized by microcephaly, growth retardation, high sloping forehead, facial asymmetry, micrognathia, deep palate, blepharophimosis, sparse hair and eyebrows, low ear and mental retardation. The male patient, with a chronological age of 8 years and 2 days, was referred to our clinic due to severe overjet and mandibular retrognathia. Radiographic and clinical evaluations revealed deep palate, narrowness of maxillary and mandibular arches, mandibular micrognathia, speech difficulties and mixed breathing. The patient's treatment planning was aimed at function and phonation and included the use of a twin block appliance with expansion screw in both parts and simultaneous use of occipital headgear (350 g force on one side). It was aimed to positively direct the growth in the craniofacial structure by making use of the continuation of the patient's growth and development period, and to prevent interventions such as surgical-assisted rapid maxillary expansion and orthognathic surgery, which are invasive approaches in adulthood.


Madrasah supervisors have a responsibility in improving the competence of teachers in the institutions they supervise, therefore this research aims to know and analyze how supervisors perform their functions in improving teacher competence in MAN 1 Pasaman. This research is a descriptive research of non-statictic analysis using qualitative methods. Data is obtained through observation, interview and documentation studies. The data collected is then analyzed through three activities, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results prove that: 1) Supervisors play an active role in providing advice and input to madrasah heads for activities to be carried out in order to improve teacher competence,  2) In the activities of improving teacher competence in MAN 1 Pasaman, supervisors act as mediators, facilitators, 3) Teacher competencies in MAN 1 Pasaman are evaluated by supervisors through a review of aspects that become the duties and responsibilities of teachers.


Glazing comprising a transparent substrate, especially a glass substrate, provided with an antireflection property comprising coating at least one layer of a porous material consisting essentially of silicon, oxygen, carbon, and possibly hydrogen in which the atomic ratio pc of the carbon relative to the sum of the atomic contribution of silicon, oxygen and carbon varies locally, in the direction of the thickness of the layer from a first surface to a second surface thereof: - according to an increase between a first minimum value and a maximum value P P, the ratio between said maximum value P ax and said first minimum value P being at least 1.2, - then in a decrease in the proportion of carbon, between said maximum value P and a second minimum value P, the ratio between said maximum value and said second minimum P value P being at least 1.2.


We develop an iterative multiuser receiver for decoding turbo-coded synchronous code-division multiple-access signals in both Gaussian and non-Gaussian noise. A soft-input soft-output nonlinear multiuser detector is combined with a set of single-user channel decoders in an iterative detection/decoding structure. The nonlinear multiuser detector utilizes the prior probabilities of each user's bits to form soft estimates used for multiple-access interference cancellation. The channel decoders perform turbo-code decoding and produce posterior probabilities which are fed back to the multiuser detector for use as prior probabilities. Simulation results show that the proposed multiuser receiver performs well in both Gaussian and non-Gaussian noise. In particular, single-user turbo-code performance can be approached within a few iterations with medium to low cross correlation (/spl rho//spl les/0.5).


Scalability is the key issue in making content-based copy de-tection (CBCD) methods practical for very large image and video databases. Since copies are transformed versions of original documents, CBCD involves some form of retrieval by similarity using as queries the descriptions of potential copies. To enhance the scalability of an existing competitive CBCD method, we introduce here three improvements of this retrieval process: a Z-grid for building the index, uniformity-based sorting and adapted partitioning of the components. Retrieval speed is significantly increased, enabling us to monitor with a single computer one TV channel against a database of 120,000 hours of video.


The energetics and decomposition mechanisms of (CH3)2(C2H5)CO- and (i-Pr)(C2H5)2CO- have been studied at the G2++, G3, and G3(MP2) levels of theory. It is found that the energies required for methane elimination of (CH3)2(C2H5)CO- are less than that for ethane elimination, in agreement with experiment that only the former reaction is observed. On the other hand, the energies required for ethane and propane eliminations of (i-Pr)(C2H5)2CO- are within 2 kJ mol-1 of each other. So both eliminations are likely, as observed experimentally. Mechanistically, it is found that alkane dissociation of the tertiary alkoxide anions follows a pathway similar to that of methane elimination for primary and secondary alkoxides. The dissociation starts with detachment of a carbanion, followed by proton abstraction to form an alkane molecule, with an ion−molecular complex being formed as an intermediate.


The variety of computer terminals is growing rapidly. Research on variables likely to have the greatest effect on operator-terminal interaction is needed to guide terminal design. Effective information on display rates for the most common tasks performed at a terminal (e.g. program debugging, typing) have not been reported in the literature. This paper investigates the variables of terminal types, display speed and display noise since these determine to a large extent the cost of terminals. The results show a strong effect due to display speed with virtually no effect due to display noise and terminal type. Operator response speed for the debugging task increased up to a speed of about 60 CPS with no further advantage gained at higher speeds (up to 240 CPS).


Introduction: In Africa, fruit trees are an important yet a neglected component of people's livelihood that contribute to food security via dietary diversity. Mango trees are attacked by invasive and native fruit flies that are quarantine pests in many parts of the world, including European Union and the United States, threatening export markets. To control fruit flies, farmers usually spray chemicals and harvest the fruits earlier. Conservation biological control is considered as the biological control strategy with great potential for field use in developing world agriculture. Previous studies highlighted the weaver ant, Oecophylla longinoda(Latreille)(Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as a key generalist natural enemy to control this pest, but it is an aggressive predator that disturbs farmers during the harvest. The aim of this study was to improve the biocontrol by finding a sugar source to develop the ant population and to find repellents to protect farmers. Methods: We studied the nectar of cowpea as a sugar source and we tested the repellent effect of 10 products by video tracking. Results/Conclusion: We showed in the laboratory that the extrafloral nectar of cowpea is a sugar source for ants but we found differences in the varieties' attractiveness. Among the repellent tested, the oily ones, coconut oil and paraffin, were the most repellent followed by the powders, talcum, palm ashes and cassava flour, whereas the aqueous repellent, lemongrass extract and lemon juice, did not repel weaver ants. These results are crucial for the development of conservation biological control programs using weaver ants. (Texte integral)


Toni Morrison's Sula was published in 1973.It portrays a black woman who quests for self under the strick doctrines of black community.The novel puts forward a complexed contradiction of identity and black community in the historical context of black community and protagonist Sula's change,rejection,awareness of self and death.The overall challenges of Sula pays her life as a price.Morrison,through this piece of work,reveals the conflicts between Sula's self and black community.Sula's tragic ending voices an unchanged fact that self must be developed within the black community.


The key problem for developing the Sulige gas field with high efficiency is the identification of the relatively high permeability of sandbodies in low efficient gas reservoirs. In Sulige gas field, with the characteristics of typical coal measure strata, many primary pores have disappeared due to severe diagenesis. As a result, the relatively high permeable sandbodies are mainly developed in coarse sandstone facies with secondary pores. It is known that different log curves, such as density log and acoustic log, reflect different pore structure and lithofacies. Based on this, an interpretation model of secondary porosity index for the reservoir is established. After the calibration with the core lithology of key wells, the sensitive logs to lithology, such as GR, PE, and DEN are used to identify lithofacies by utilizing cluster analysis. The results show that the relatively high permeable sandbodies identified by this log interpretation model of secondary pores and lithofacies are consistent with core analysis and production capacity tests of gas wells.


311 Summary A series of square planar complexes of the type [PdX2L2] where X = C1, Br, I; L = teUuracyclopentane (tcp), telluracyclohexane (tch) or benzotelluracyclopentane (btp) have been synthesised. The complexes were characterised by far-i.r., n~ and u.v.-vis, spectroscopy. The data imply trans-geometries except for the complex [PdC12(tch)z] where a mixture of cis- and trans-isomers is obtained.


We demonstrate wavelength conversion based on cross-phase modulation induced nonlinear polarization rotation in a carbon nanotubes-filled micro-slot fiber device. Wavelength converted signal with 3-dB power penalty for 10 Gb/s NRZ signal is obtained.


The performance of Islamic banks in financing activities is determined by many factors, including macroeconomic variables and internal factors, such as the financial performance of the bank. The study investigates the determinant of non-performing financing (NPF) of Islamic banks in Indonesia, particularly in Small-Medium Enterprises (SMEs) sector. Adopting the panel data analysis, the data comprise 33 provinces in Indonesia starting from 2016m1 to 2021m07, equal to a 2211 observation period. The study reveals that the size of the bank's asset and financing to deposit ratio (FDR) of Islamic banks has a significant relationship to NPF value in SMEs sector, and the impact remains unchanged in the period before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. From the regional viewpoint, the size of the bank's assets also has a significant influence on NPF in the provinces located in Java but not outside of Java. As a policy implication, the study suggests that the size of a bank's assets must be enhanced with prudent risk management in financing activities in the SME sector. Surely, the policy can be implemented in a top-down approach through government and financial authority; then it also can be applied bottom-up approach through the bank's business activities. Finally, as the limitation of the research, the study only utilizes limited variables and uses a single-country analysis which can be improved and extended for future study.


Sound velocity which is mainly influenced by pressure and temperature of the medium,is the key parameter to the ultrasonic non-contact measurement. By the regression analysis of experimental data,the velocity-temperature model and velocity-pressure model of two sorts of popular hydraulic oil are estab-lished as a basis for the ultrasound non-contact measurements of the pressure and flow of hydraulic system.


Objective HPLC method was established to determine the contents of chlorphenmine maleate and dextromethorphan hydrobromide in Dextromethorphan hydrobromide and Chlorphenamine Maleate Syrup.Methods The C18 column was used with Methanol-Acetonitrile-0.005mol/L Sodium Laurylsulfate(contained 2%acetic acid glacial)as the mobile phase.The detection wavelength was 254 nm.The flow rate was 1.0ml/min.Results A good linear relationships were obtained when the concentrations of chlorphenmine maleate were among 20.2 and 161.6μg/ml and that of dextromethorphan hydrobromide were among26.4and211.2μg/ml,respectively-Conclusion HPLC method was simple,accurate and highly sensitive and could be applied to the quatity control for Dextromethorphan Hydrochloride and Chlorphenamine Maleate Syrup.

Key words:
Chlorphenmine Male; Dextromethorphan hydrobromide; Dextromethorphan Hydroehlorideand Chlorphenamine Maleate Syrup; Determination; HPLC


Disclosed is an enclosure wall assembly of a type which can be used to cool electronic equipment, the electronic equipment characterized by having a rail comprising a thermally conductive surface which is cooled by its installation into a cooled enclosure. The described enclosure wall comprises channels whose cooled surfaces can be cooled by coolant flowing through a coolant guide in thermal contact with each surface. Configurations of coolant guides with fins or pins are described as are coolant guides which enable mission critical cooling via redundant cooling flows. Also disclosed is a method and apparatus for controlling the temperature of coolant supplied to cooled enclosure apparatus in a data center environment. The described coolant delivery system comprising inner and outer pipework separated by a mixing valve, the mixing valve being operable to allow coolant from the outer portion to mix with coolant from the inner portion.


The heristic argument with which Meno questions the possibility of inquiry and knowledge is tackled by Socrates through the reference to an archaic and religious doctrine, according to which the soul is immortal and has seen all things. Through this reference Socrates actually wants to affirm the affinity between the soul and the world of forms. So behind the myth of the prenatal vision of forms by the soul Plato intends to assert the ontological condition of the soul, that is, its affinity to forms.


In this article, we examine the programmatic reactions to the rise of populist parties. It has been argued that populism is not necessarily the prerogative of populist parties; it has been adopted by mainstream parties as well. The article investigates whether populism is contagious. On the basis of the results of a content analysis of election manifestos of parties in five Western European countries (France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands and the United Kingdom), we conclude that the programmes of mainstream parties have not become more populist in recent years. We find no evidence that mainstream parties change their programmes when confronted with electoral losses or successful populist challengers. Yet, we do find that populist parties change their own programmes when they have been successful: Their initial success makes them tone down their populism.


Solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs) are a type of electrochemical energy conversion devices with high efficiencies and low emissions.The practical application of SOFCs technology would have a great environmental benignity.The decrease of operation temperature can accelerate the commercialization of SOFCs technology,the key is the development of high performance of cathodes operated at low temperature.The progress in developing of novel ca-thodes for reduced temperature SOFCs is introduced,including ABO3-type,A2BO4-type,AA1B2O5-type cathodes and composite cathode.The development trend of cathode in SOFCs is proposed.


This article reviews the concept and theoretic content about cultural power and culture as unoffical rule. According to author's thinking, cultural power and culture as inofficial rule take on good adjustive function on e-conomy construction and the variance of economical rule.


Introduction Unit 1 Getting things done in the classroom Unit 2 Asking questions Unit 3 A: Beginning of lesson Unit 4 B: End of lesson Unit 5 C: Set phrases Unit 6 D: Textbook activity Unit 7 E: Blackboard activity F: Tape activity G: Slides, pictures, OHP Unit 8 H: Games and songs J: Movement, general activity K: Class control Unit 9 L: Repetition and responses M: Encouragement and confirmation N: Progress in work Unit 10 P: Language work Appendix: Pupil language Index


To probe the cardiac metabolism of carbohydrates and short chain fatty acids simultaneously in vivo following the injection of a hyperpolarized 13C‐labeled substrate mixture prepared using photo‐induced nonpersistent radicals.


The new species Onosma juliae is described and illustrated based on specimens collected in the westernmost part of the Taurus range in southern Anatolia (Turkey, Karaman province). Differences with the putatively more closely related species are briefly discussed, and a synthetic but comprehensive key to the Irano-Turanian members of the genus known to date is provided to allow the identification of the major species group.


Percutaneous cannulation of the axillary artery is a safe and appropriate means of intervention for invasive blood pressure monitoring, particularly in the absence of radial or other peripheral pulses. On five separate occasions the author was called upon to place an indwelling cannula for continuous blood pressure monitoring for patients in whom no distal peripheral pulses were palpable. In each of these cases, the axillary artery was palpable and was cannulated on the first attempt, thus enabling the anesthetist to obtain accurate pressure values.


The optimal control of a production facility consisting of a single machine processing a certain number of jobs with a fixed service sequence is considered. The objective of the problem is that of determining the optimal timing and lot-sizing of the considered jobs. Necessary conditions for optimality are derived which allow the determination of an optimal solution for the control problem.


Climate factors such as rainfall, temperature, wind, humidity, and solar radiant heat affect soil erosion. Among those factors, rainfall influences soil erosion to the most extent. The kinetic energy of rainfall breaks away soil particles and the water flow caused by the rainfall entrains and transport them downstream. In order to estimate soil erosion, therefore, it is important to determine the rainfall erosivity. In this study, the annual average Rainfall Erosivity(R) in Korea, an important factor of the Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE) and Revised Equation(RUSLE), has been estimated using the nationwide rainfall data from 1973 to 1996. For this estimation, hourly rainfall data at 53 meterological stations managed by the Meterological Agency was used. It has been found from this study that the newly computed values for R are slightly larger than the existing ones. It would be because this study is based on the range of rainfall data that is longer in period and denser in the number of gauging stations than what the existing result used. The final result of this study is shown in the form the isoerodent map of Korea.


Globally, transgender women sex workers have a high prevalence of HIV and condomless receptive anal intercourse with male clients (CRAIMC). We investigated the prevalence of CRAIMC and factors associated with CRAIMC among transgender women sex workers in China.


The aqueous Mg–air battery is an attractive candidate for some electric vehicle applications due to its high theoretical specific energy, environmentally and physiologically benign properties, and implied low cost from using earth-abundant materials. However, the experimentally observed potentials (1.6–1.2 V) are far from the thermodynamically predicted value of 3.09 V, based on the free energy of formation for the reaction Mg (s) + 1/2 O2 (g) + H2O (l) ⇌ Mg(OH)2 (s). It is generally believed that this large difference is principally due to the presence of Mg corrosion giving rise to a net corrosion potential, and that it would be possible to nearly obtain the full potential of 3.09 V if corrosion were completely suppressed. In this contribution, we present a density functional theory study of the hydroxide-assisted Mg anodic dissolution mechanism in the aqueous Mg–air battery. We show that the Mg surface is expected to be highly OH*-covered in the anodic dissolution process, and that the calculated intri...


We study the acceleration of heavy nuclei at SNR shocks when the process of ionization is taken into account. Heavy atoms ($Z_N >$ few) in the interstellar medium which start the diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) are never fully ionized at the moment of injection. The ionization occurs during the acceleration process, when atoms already move relativistically. For typical environment around SNRs the photo-ionization due to the background galactic radiation dominates over Coulomb collisions. The main consequence of ionization is the reduction of the maximum energy which ions can achieve with respect to the standard result of the DSA. In fact the photo-ionization has a timescale comparable to the beginning of the Sedov-Taylor phase, hence the maximum energy is no more proportional to the nuclear charge, as predicted by standard DSA, but rather to the effective ions' charge during the acceleration process, which is smaller than the total nuclear charge $Z_N$. This result can have a direct consequence in the prediction of the knee structure of the cosmic ray spectrum. Moreover the acceleration of ultra-heavy elements beyond the Iron's maximum energy is very hard to achieve making unlikely their possible contribution to the cosmic ray spectrum in the transition region between Galactic and extragalactic component.


According toan old British tradition sport has always been regarded as an important socializing environment in society. The developments of sport during the past decades with its many problems and, on the other hand, the strong expansion of children's and young people's competitive sports has increased pedagogical interest towards children's sports. Ever larger number of children participate in regular training of sport at younger ages than before. Organized sports is usually begun before puberty, i.e. at an age which we are accustomed to call childhood. More than half of the 15 year-olds e.g. in Norway and Sweden participate in organized sport (Engstrom, 1990; Ommundsen, 1992). The interest in many other countries is also quite extensive. (Campbell 1986; Martens 1986; Robertson 1986; Valeriote & Hansen 1986). Interest in the educational aspects in children's sport has also been increased by the evident changes in modem society which can be seen most clearly in the set of values. The lessening importance of the ideals and clearly defined norms of traditional society as factors guiding the moral decisions and behaviour, privatisation, individualisation and the


A number of key biological processes involving cell migration in which cells traverse boundaries separating well‐defined tissues can be modeled in terms of mean first‐passage time (MFPT) problems in confined domains. Motivated by this scenario, we consider suitable three‐dimensional domains Ω$$ \Omega $$ on which MFPT functions T$$ T $$ , fulfilling a Poisson‐like equation and different boundary conditions on the surface S$$ S $$ enclosing Ω$$ \Omega $$ , are studied. By extending methods coming from potential theory, the calculation of T$$ T $$ boils down to dealing with inhomogeneous linear integral equations having singular kernels on S$$ S $$ . The latter are solved compactly and yield consistent T$$ T $$ 's for several domains and homogeneous boundary conditions. Moreover, the integral equation approach allows us to analyze the MFPT with mixed (Dirichlet‐Neumann) boundary conditions on S$$ S $$ for the case of a closed spherical surface with Dirichlet conditions on most of S$$ S $$ , except for a small complementary surface domain with Neumann conditions.


An ultrasensitive microgravimetric biosensor has been
developed incorporating Au nanoparticle-amplified sandwiched immunoassay
and silver enhancement reaction; Au nanoparticle-promoted
silver(I) reduction and silver metal deposition result in
ca. two orders of magnitude improvement in human IgG
quantification.


Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) consists of two chronic remitting‐relapsing inflammatory disorders in the colon referred to as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (CD). Inflammatory bowel disease affects about 1.4 million Americans. 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)‐induced colitis is a widely used model of experimental intestinal inflammation with characteristic transmural and segmental lesions that are similar to CD.


The class of algorithms for approximating reasoning tasks presented in this paper is based on approximating the general bucket elimination framework. The algorithms have adjustable levels of accuracy and efficiency, and they can be applied uniformly across many areas and problem tasks. We introduce these algorithms in the context of combinatorial optimization and probabilistic inference.


A 0.18 /spl mu/m linearized CMOS power amplifier, based on polar modulation, is implemented in 1.8/spl times/3.6 mm/sup 2/. The switching RF PA achieves an output power of 27 dBm with a PAE of 34% and an input power of -3 dBm. As an EDGE transmitter, the amplifier achieves an average output power of 23.8 dBm, a PAE of 22%, an EVM-rms of 1.67%, and an ACPR of -56.7 dBc.


Abstract Modern museum practice embraces equal access for all, but access for blind and partially-sighted (BPS) audience remains problematic given the ocularcentricity of museums. Many museum professionals and BPS visitors remain frustrated by the degree of accessibility on offer. The use of 3-D printed replicas as a handling surrogate represents a solution, allowing BPS visitors to engage tactually with museum content while minimizing risk. However, the design of such replicas is poorly researched. This exploratory examination of the design of 3-D printed replicas utilizes semi-structured interviews, sensory observations and content analysis to examine BPS perceptions of museum objects in the absence of interpretational support. Interpretation was dominantly multisensory, while participants found it easier to determine material traits than object traits, with textual, geometrical and optical properties being of use. Assistive approaches rather than major alterations were favored. Overall, museum professionals should consider how the process of 3-D printing influences BPS perception.


The aim of the work was to conduct a comparative analysis of the static work of two structural types of steel poles of power lines (HVPC): in the form of a closed profile rods-shells with height-varying wall thickness and in the form of a trellised trihedral design made according to the patent [1]. In this case, both types of supports were considered for three different heights-under power lines of 10 kV - 9-11 m high, 35 kV - 20.6 m high and 110 kV - 22.5 m high, respectively. The bulk of the research was carried out at the ANSYS PC, where the joint work of the structural system "steel support of an overhead power transmission cable - a prefabricated and dismantled reinforced concrete foundation of a new type [2] - soil base" was considered. For this, the authors proposed a computer simulation technique that takes into account the spatial work of the structural system elements and the physical nonlinearity of the materials they are made of. At the same time, the Mises strength theory was used for steel, Williams-Warnake yield criterion was used for concrete, and Drucker-Prager yield criterion was used for the base soil. In addition, all the necessary geometric, power, and physical characteristics of the model were obtained on the basis of the current building codes for the energy facilities' design. The auxiliary engineering calculations taking into account these codes were performed in the LIRA-SAPR 2017 PC in a linear formulation.


This study examined the thinking processes students engage in while constructing graphic representations of textbook content. Twenty-eight students who either used graphic representations in a routine manner during social studies instruction or learned to construct graphic representations based on the rhetorical patterns used to organize textbook content produced think-aloud responses while constructing graphic representations. Responses indicated that both groups of students needed to restate text while writing, but knowledge of rhetorical patterns appeared to facilitate students' ability to discriminate between main ideas and details, understand relationships between ideas, and, generally, engage the text more deeply. Implications for instruction are discussed.


The Order of the Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives (or Trinitarian Order) is one of the least studied continental religious groups to have expanded into thirteenth-century England. This article examines shifting notions of Trinitarian redemption in late medieval England through the prism of the order's writing about Yorkshire hermit St Robert of Knaresborough (d. 1218). Against the Weberian theory of the routinization of charisma, it demonstrates that Robert's inspirational sanctity was never bound too rigidly by his Trinitarian hagiographers, who rather co-opted his unstable charisma in distinct yet complementary ways to facilitate institutional reinvention and spiritual flourishing in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.


Circular economy is high on the political agenda, with governments at all levels setting ambitious goals to move away from traditional linear production models, where goods are used and disposed as waste, towards a future with less use of virgin raw materials, and where valuable materials at a product end-of-life are returned as raw materials or in an environmentally-friendly way to the biosphere. While circular economy is gaining a lot of attention on a policy level, the role that digital government can play to facilitate the circular economy transition is largely unexplored. We carry out a review of existing literature in the fields of digital government and Information Systems (IS) to identify the roles played by digital government in the circular economy. Based on an analysis of 54 empirical research articles, we identify foci and gaps in relation to the different types of roles played by government (nodality, authority, treasure, and organization), to stages of the Product Life Cycle (pre-use, in-use, and post-use), and to types of digital technology focused on. Based on these findings, we present an analytical framework to guide future research on digital government in relation to the circular economy, and exemplify the use of the framework drawing on examples from circular economy initiatives in the automotive industry.


Electrical surges on ac and dc inverter power wiring and diagnostic cables have the potential to shorten the lifetime of power electronics. These surges may be caused by either nearby lightning or capacitor switching transients. This paper contains a description of ongoing surge evaluations of PV power electronics and surge mitigation hardware at Sandia.


Simple Summary Light therapy, or photobiomodulation, is a collective name for methods where tissue is irradiated with different types of light, with the aim of stimulating healing. The group includes methods such as laser, Light Emitting Diode (LED) light, ultra and infrared light, and tanning beds. In animals, the main indications for light treatment are musculoskeletal injuries, neurological diseases, wounds, and pain. Despite being frequently used, there is no consensus regarding the optimal treatment protocols for light therapy nor its clinical efficacy. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the documented clinical effects of light therapy, with a focus on laser and LED light, in horses, dogs, and cats. The undertaken systematic literature review found gaps in the scientific documentation. Conflicting study results and unclear application for clinical use are explained by the wide variety of treatment parameters used in the analyzed studies, such as wavelength, laser class, dose, and effect, as well as the frequency and duration of treatment. Some beneficial effects have been reported during treatment with light therapy; however, the published studies also have limited scientific quality regarding these therapies, with a high or moderate risk of bias. Abstract Light therapy, or photobiomodulation, is a collective name for methods where tissue is irradiated with different types of light, with the aim of stimulating healing. Despite being frequently used, there is no consensus regarding the optimal treatment protocols for light therapy, nor its clinical efficacy. A systematic literature review was conducted, searching the relevant literature regarding light therapy in three databases, published between 1980–2020. The risk of bias in each article was evaluated. Forty-five articles met the inclusion criteria; 24 articles were regarding dogs, 1 was regarding cats, and the rest were regarding horses. The indications for treatment were musculoskeletal and neurologic conditions, skin disease and wounds, and pain. The literature review showed conflicting study results and unclear application for clinical use. This can be explained by the wide variety of treatment parameters used in the searched studies, such as wavelength, laser class, dose, and effect, as well as the frequency and duration of treatment. Although some beneficial effects were reported for light therapy, the studies also had limited scientific quality regarding these therapies, with a high or moderate risk of bias.


This article focuses on the representation of different types of elephant on coins uncovered from Egypt in the Græco-Roman period. It equally highlights on the iconography of the Ptolemaic kings and Roman emperors on such coins. The representation of four elephants on numismatic evidence uncovered from Græco-Roman Egypt may have served as an emblem of the victoryof Alexander the Great over the Persian king Porusin Hydases battle which occurred in May 326 B.C. This coincides with the representation of the Macedonian king wearing the elephant scalp headdress which signified his conquest of India. Later on, the elephant skin headdress began to be associated with a female figure as a remarkable sign of Alexandria. Unlike their depictions on the Roman-dated coins, it will be concluded that accurate details of the representations of facial features of the Ptolemaic king and the elephant are remarkable features of the Ptolemaic coins. The four Indian elephants driven by the king or the Roman emperor are mostly represented on coins to symbolize the victory of Alexander the Great over the Persian king and his successful conquest of India. The elephant scalp representing the Indian species may have similarly been used to refer to the Macedonian conquest of India. Later, the appearance of the skin of the African elephant accompanied with the female figure was meant to symbolize Alexandria city.