Background and Purpose— Because photon energy delivered using a low-energy infrared laser may be useful to treat stroke, we determined whether transcranial laser therapy would improve behavioral deficits in a rabbit small clot embolic stroke model (RSCEM). Methods— In this study, the behavioral and physiological effects of laser treatment were measured. The RSCEM was used to assess whether low-energy laser treatment (7.5 or 25 mW/cm2) altered clinical rating scores (behavior) when given to rabbits beginning 1 to 24 hours postembolization. Behavioral analysis was conducted from 24 hours to 21 days after embolization, allowing for the determination of the effective stroke dose (P50) or clot amount (mg) that produces neurological deficits in 50% of the rabbits. Using the RSCEM, a treatment is considered beneficial if it significantly increases the P50 compared with the control group. Results— In the present study, the P50 value for controls were 0.97±0.19 mg to 1.10±0.17 mg; this was increased by 100% to 195% (P50=2.02±0.46 to 2.98±0.65 mg) if laser treatment was initiated up to 6 hours, but not 24 hours, postembolization (P50=1.23±0.15 mg). Laser treatment also produced a durable effect that was measurable 21 days after embolization. Laser treatment (25 mW/cm2) did not affect the physiological variables that were measured. Conclusions— This study shows that laser treatment improved behavioral performance if initiated within 6 hours of an embolic stroke and the effect of laser treatment is durable. Therefore, transcranial laser treatment may be useful to treat human stroke patients and should be further developed.


Effect of some additional heating schemes so far done on plasmas with field-reversed configuration (FRC), l. adiabatic magnetic compression, 2. magnetic axial compression and, 3. application of fast rise magnetic pulse are studied. A theoretical model for heating which takes into account of empirical scaling law is proposed and is successfully used for the study. Experimental results that, item 1. has remarkable heating capability but degrades plasma confinement and the heating capability of item 2. is modest but it improves confinement, were explained theoretically.


Prunus domestica L., P. insititia L., P. salicina Lindl. and P. cerasifera Ehrh. are the most important species included in the plum group. Many 'cultivars' have an undefined origin and share very similar morpho-phenological characteristics that make their identification difficult. This is the case of 'Ramasin', a group of Piedmontese genotypes whose fruits are small, ellipsoidal and very tasty. They are commonly considered as P. domestica varieties, even though on the basis of some morphological characteristics they are similar to other species such as P. insititia. In order to study the origin of this group, the DNA of 25 genotypes of 'Ramasin', and that of some 'cultivars' of P. domestica, P. insititia, P. cerasifera, P. salicina and two selections of P. spinosa L. was examined. The PCR-RAPDs method (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction) was used and all 69 primers that were tested generated more or less polymorphic bands. From the results of these analyses it can be supposed that the 'Ramasin' plums are a single genetically heterogeneous group. Moreover it can probably be assumed that 'Ramasin' arose from crosses between P. domestica and P. insititia.


Advanced lithography is becoming increasingly demanding when speed and sophistication in communication between litho and metrology (feedback control) are most crucial. Overall requirements are so extreme that all measures must be taken in order to meet them. This is directly driving the metrology resolution, precision and matching needs in to deep sub-nanometer level [4]. Keeping the above in mind, a new scatterometry-based platform is under development at ASML. Authors have already published results of a thorough investigation of this promising new metrology technique which showed excellent results on resolution, precision and matching for overlay, as well as basic and advanced capabilities for CD [1], [2], [3]. In this technical presentation the authors will report the newest results from this ASML platform. This new work was divided in two sections: monitor wafer applications (scanner control - overlay, CD and focus) and product wafer applications.


Objective:To explore the relationship between the methylation of Syk(spleen tyrosine kinase) gene in promoter region and the expression of Syk gene and mRNA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) cell lines.Methods: Three cell line models: CNE-1(highly differentiated),CNE-2(poorly differentiated) and the immortalized benign human nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line(NP69) were used in the experiment.Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction(MS-PCR) assay was performed to determine the methylation of Syk gene in promoter region.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(Q-RT-PCR) and Western Blot were used to analyze the Syk gene expression in all cell lines.Results: No methylation of Syk promoter was found in NP69 cell line;whereas the rates of Syk promoter methylation in CNE-1 and CNE-2 were 36%±3.6% and 62%±4.5% respectively.The Syk mRNA transcription levels in CNE-1 and CNE-2 were 42%±3.5% and 28%±2% respectively,both significantly lower than that in NP69(P0.01).Also,in CNE-1 and CNE-2,the Syk protein expression had significantly lower levels(36%±4.5% and 16%±2.5%,respectively) than that in NP69(P0.01).Conclusion: While the rate of Syk promoter methylation was negatively correlated to the differentiation status of NPC cell line;it appeared that Syk promoter methylation and Syk expression in NPC cell lines also had negative correlation.


In automated Chest X-Ray (CXR) screening process, foreign objects, such as coins/buttons, medical tubes and devices, and jewelries can adversely impact the performance. In an automated process, conventional machine learning algorithms did not separately consider them into account, and as a consequence, they results in false positive cases. In this paper, we address the use of Deep Neural Network (DNN) to detect circle-like foreign objects of difference sizes in CXRs. We present faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) for foreign object detection on a set of 400 publicly available CXR images hosted by LHNCBC, U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH). The proposed DNN achieved 97% precision, 90% recall, and 93% F1-score. The results are comparable with the existing techniques.


This paper shows the mathematical framework for a new architecture, the Code Aperture Agile Spectral Imaging (CAASI), which extends the capabilities of the Code Aperture Spectral Imaging (CASSI) to allow multiple measurements.


We use lattice QCD and the Luscher method to study elastic pion-nucleon scattering in the isospin $I = 3/2$ channel, which couples to the $\Delta(1232)$ resonance. Our $N_f=2+1$ flavor lattice setup features a pion mass of $m_\pi \approx 250$ MeV, such that the strong decay channel $\Delta \rightarrow \pi N$ is close to the threshold. We present our method for constructing the required lattice correlation functions from single- and two-hadron interpolating fields and their projection to irreducible representations of the relevant symmetry group of the lattice. We show preliminary results for the energy spectra in selected moving frames and irreducible representations, and extract the scattering phase shifts. Using a Breit-Wigner fit, we also determine the resonance mass $m_\Delta$ and the $g_{\Delta-\pi N}$ coupling.


Backscatter differential phase d within the melting layer has been identified as a reliably measurable but still underutilized polarimetric variable. Polarimetric radar observations at X band in Germany and S band in the United States are presented that show maximal observed d of 8.58 at X band but up to 708 at S band. Dual-frequency observations at X and C band in Germany and dual-frequency observations at C and S band in the United States are compared to explore the regional frequency dependencies of thed signature. Theoretical simulations based on usual assumptions aboutthe microphysical composition ofthe melting layer cannot reproduce the observed large values of d at the lower-frequency bands and also underestimate the enhancements in differential reflectivity ZDR and reductions in the cross-correlation coefficient rhy. Simulations using a two-layer T-matrix code and a simple model for the representation of accretion can, however, explain the pronounced d signatures at S and C bands in conjunction with small d at X band. The authors conclude that the d signature bears information about microphysical accretion and aggregation processes in the melting layer and the degree of riming of the snowflakes aloft.


Consider Ginibre's ensemble of N × N non-Hermitian random matrices in which all entries are independent complex Gaussians of mean zero and variance 1 N. As N ↑ ∞ the normalized counting measure of the eigenvalues converges to the uniform measure on the unit disk in the complex plane. In this note we describe fluctuations about this Circular Law. First we obtain finite N formulas for the covariance of certain linear statistics of the eigenvalues. Asymptotics of these objects coupled with a theorem of Costin and Lebowitz then result in central limit theorems for a variety of these statistics.


The article is devoted to the analysis of man names functioning, included in college referent sphere, in informal student discourse fixed in graffities. In course of analysis the next points are revealed: opposite character of co-existence of the given paradigm lexemes, syntactic and semantic specialities of it's realization, perspective of the vision of the speech object marked by these lexemes.


Companies are increasingly dependent on tailor-made software to achieve their organizational goals. Much is already known about how to specify a software from an idea or concept, however, predicting the impact of building it on a company's results is still something little studied, and often the impact is measured only after its construction, resulting sometimes in a misuse of resources, compared to the result obtained. This paper presents a way of relating and measuring the impact of software requirements on strategic KPI's, in order to extract quantitative and qualitative analyses of these relationships, providing relevant information in the decision making process regarding prioritization against business value. Through a case study, it is shown how to use Goal Modelling techniques to extract and relate requirements from the KPI's of a Balanced Scorecard. It is possible to extract, from the described techniques, qualitative and quantitative results that show the impact of each of the requirements on the mapped KPI's.


In this paper the millimeter-wave passive components developed for the Ka-band Bar-SPOrt (Balloon-borne Radiometer for Sky Polarization Observatory) correlation radiometer are described. Comparison between numerical and experimental results are reported for all the building blocks of the radiometer: marker injector, polarizer, ortho-mode transducer, filtering sections and correlation unit. Due to the very low level of the polarized sky emission to be measured, all the components were designed and manufactured in order to achieve a very high level of sensitivity.


How does security privatization affect democracies' propensities to go to war, and to be victorious in war? This paper seeks to answer this question, assessing both historical and contemporary cases of private security company employment by democratic states to trace the processes through which these firms impact conflict decisions. I examine the case of the Hessians in the American Revolution – as a historical, grouped, profit-motivated predecessor to private security companies – in addition to the cases of Croatia in the 1990s and Iraq in more recent years. In doing so, the paper aims to contribute to the literatures on the democratic peace and the democratic advantage, and highlights the potential for future trends in the private security industry to have a strong impact on both the practice and theory of democratic peace and war.


We fear that the recent, tragic events of the beginning of the 21st century would produce a series of instant-books characterized more by the rapidly increasing demand for information than by an improvement in the quality of the offer. However, this book by Enzo Pace certainly is not a book of this kind. Its author is a long time expert in the sociology of religions; moreover, the book in question is the second edition of a book first published in 1999. In any case, the publication of a book on the sociology of Islam is an event deserving attention, because of its relative rarity. In comparison with the many books focusing on the history, culture and various specific aspects of the world of Islam (e.g. the numerous publications on sufi literature), the sociology of Islam has been a subject relatively less developed. As regards the general sociology of Islam, the basic reference works remain the two volumes by Reuben Levy, The Sociology of Islam, published in 1931–1933, followed by a second edition, The Social Structure of Islam, in 1957; the book by Joseph Chelhod, Introduction à la sociologie de l'Islam, published in 1958; those by Jacques Berque, including, for instance, Les Arabes, in 1973; the book by Jean-Paul Charnay, Sociologie religieuse de l'Islam, 1978 and 1994, and the book of a great eclectic sociologist, Ernest Gellner, Muslim Society, 1993. Those are all books whose sociological approach seems to us beyond dispute. One could claim that all the non-fiction literature dealing with the subject of Islam has something to do with sociology; and that ultimately all the historical, political, juridical and literary studies on Islam, on the one hand, and sociology of Islam on the other, overlap each other. Since all the studies on Islam are, at least in part, studies on a religious phenomenon, and since religion is first of all—as Durkheim so clearly showed in his classical book Les formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse—a social phenomenon, it follows that all these studies could be regarded as sociological studies. So, more particularly, the studies on Islamic law can't help being in some way sociological too, since law is ultimately interested in social facts. Historical studies on Islam can't avoid taking into consideration the social context within which the events take place. Studies on the literature of Islam need a reconstruction of the social organization from which the literature derives (one can't study sufi literature without taking into considerations sufism). And so on and so forth. This point of view, in the particular case of Islamic society, may appear even more realistic because, in this type of society, the integration between the various elements is clearly deeper than elsewhere. Whereas Christianity tolerates that worldly matters be dealt with according to the principles that belong to them, Islam regards as blasphemous any attempt at separating the worldly sphere from the religious one. Islam in fact is an integrated set of law, culture and social organization; and any demarcation of a boundary between religion and literature, law and culture, economy and politics, and between all these elements and society as a whole, seems to be particularly problematical. At the same time, all these common-sense considerations end up by being at least in part wide of the mark. It is true that sociology deals with social facts and that therefore in this perspective it is difficult to separate it from other disciplines whose subject is society, even in a broad sense. However, it is also true that sociology deals with social facts by using its own particular epistemology. According to this epistemology, in a few words, sociology substantially studies 'normal' social facts—i.e. facts that are not unique, but bound to reoccur again and again in societies of a certain type; it links social facts by means of relations of probabilistic, causal and logic type; and it develops, on the basis of the preceding elements, explanatory models whose value goes beyond the case or cases directly studied. International Review of Sociology—Revue Internationale de Sociologie, Vol. 12, No. 3, 2002


,leading to a capacity of 170-200 mAh/g and demonstrated reasonable discharge and recharge cycle performance for both testcells and practical batteries.


Doppler Weather Radar (DWR) plays an important role in short-term forecast and now-casting, and the weather radar data could be used for rainfall estimation of a certain region or other further processing. We improved the algorithm of rainfall estimation based on Radical Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN), and optimized the key parameters of RBFNN such as centers, length and link weights of the neural network with Cuckoo Search (CS). In order to realize the match of the weather radar data and the rain gauge data in time, we proposed the Time Interpolation Method (TIM). This rainfall estimation model from weather radar data was called CS-RBFNN model, which was employed in a rainfall estimation algorithm of DWR. The experimental results show that the estimated results are more close to the measured rainfall with the CS-RBFNN model.


Congenital asymmetric crying face (ACF) is a minor congenital anomaly resulting from the unilateral agenesis or hypoplasia of the muscle depressor anguli oris and imitating unilateral peripheral facial nerve paralysis. The incidence is between 0.3-1% and it is often seen as an isolated anomaly although many associated major cardiovascular, cervicofacial, musculoskeletal, respiratory, genitourinary and central nervous system anomalies have been defined. Because ACF is frequently confused with peripheral facial nerve paralysis due to birth trauma; history, physical examination, detailed investigation for associated malformations and long-term follow-up is crucial. Here we present a 23-days-old term infant whom was diagnosed as ACF after attracting our attention with the downward sliding of the corner of her mouth during crying. With the presentation of this case report, we aimed to review the clinical features and differential diagnosis of ACF among neurological and genetic disorders of the neonate.


A subset of a model of PA is called neutral if it does not change the dcl relation. A model with undefinable neutral classes is called neutrally expandable. We study the existence and non‐existence of neutral sets in various models of PA . We show that cofinal extensions of prime models are neutrally expandable, and ω1‐like neutrally expandable models exist, while no recursively saturated model is neutrally expandable. We also show that neutrality is not a first‐order property. In the last section, we study a local version of neutral expandability.


The full potential of Fe3O4 for supercapacitor applications can be achieved by addressing challenges in colloidal fabrication of high active mass electrodes. Exceptional adsorption properties of catecholate-type 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) molecules are explored for surface modification of Fe3O4 nanoparticles to enhance their colloidal dispersion as verified by sedimentation test results and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy measurements. Electrodes prepared in the presence of DHBA show nearly double capacitance at slow charging rates as compared to the control samples without the dispersant or with benzoic acid as a non-catecholate dispersant. Such electrodes with active mass of 40 mg cm−2 show a capacitance of 4.59 F cm−2 from cyclic voltammetry data at a scan rate of 2 mV s−1 and 4.72 F cm−2 from galvanostatic charge–discharge data at a current density of 3 mA cm−2. Experimental results are corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) analysis of adsorption behaviour of DHBA and benzoic acid at the (001) surface of Fe3O4. The strongest adsorption energy (ca. −1.8 eV per molecule) is due to the catechol group of DHBA. DFT analysis provides understanding of the basic mechanism of DHBA adsorption on the surface of nanoparticles and opens the way for fabrication of electrodes with high capacitance.


Data-ferrying disconnection-tolerant networks allow remote rural areas to access the Internet at very low cost, making them viable alternatives to more expensive access technologies such as DSL, CDMA, and dial-up. In such a network, an Internet-based proxy gathers data from the Internet and sends it to a set of edge nodes called "gateways", from which data ferries, such as buses and cars, opportunistically pick up the data using short-range WiFi as they drive past, and deliver it wirelessly to kiosks in remote villages. In this context, we pose the following question: assuming knowledge of ferry schedules, when and to which gateway should the proxy send each data bundle so that the overall delay is minimized and the bandwidth is shared fairly among competing kiosks? We show that a well-known schedule-aware routing scheme proposed in the literature, i.e., EDLQ [11] is far from optimal. Moreover, EDLQ does not provide means to enforce bandwidth allocations. To remedy these problems, we employ a token bucket mechanism to decouple fairness and delay minimization concerns. We also describe a utility-maximizing scheduler based on the classical minimum-cost network flow problem, that finds optimal schedules. Through simulations, we show that our scheme performs at least as well as EDLQ in scenarios that favour EDLQ, yet achieves up to 40% reduction in delay in those that do not.


A systematic method applied to design sliding mode surfaces is described. The design technique allows to find a simple surface for an specific desired dynamic response of the system. This design technique is specially interesting in tracking problems such as unity-power-factor rectifiers.


Visualizing the present biodiversity status of Nepal, an integrated approach comprising of biodiversity documentation, bio-prospecting, sustainable utilization and conservation has become an urgent need. Realizing the importance of medicinal plants altogether 45 plants were collected from Khumbu region with the altitudinal variation of 2582m to 4470m. Among the collected plant species 12 have been characterized as highly valuable. The important biochemical constituents and morphology of these plants have been described in this paper. Key words: Himalayan region; Khumbu; Medicinal plants; Morphological characters DOI: 10.3126/njst.v10i0.2828 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Volume 10, 2009 December Page: 73-82


The national lucerne disease and pest survey carried out by M.A.F. and D.S.I.A. scientists in 1975-76 (1,2) led the authors to formulate the following key to the common diseases and pests of lucerne, for field use. Some problems, such as the localized basidiomycete problem in the central plateau area of the North Island, root knot nematode, seedling diseases, some trace element deficiencies, and insects of lesser significance, are not included in the key. The application of the key in the field necessitates the use of a spade, a sharp knife to cut roots and crown open, anti a hand lens to observe fruiting bodies, lesion characteristics and insects.


Abstract Promising ways of energy efficiency gain of spindles with fluid flow bearings are offered. New design of journal hybrid flow bearing which contains spherical bearing pockets and adjustable valves with relay control system is offered to improve energy efficiency of spindle units of machine tools. To reduce power losses of fluid bearings at high speed special lubrication based on water with integrated system of corrosion protection is offered. Results of theoretical research of energy consumption of grinding machine tool with a new design of spindle hybrid bearings are presented. Power losses of the spindle unit with both new design and base design of journal bearings are assessed. Effectiveness of new design of spindle hybrid bearings at high operating speeds is shown.


Thomas Hart Benton, senator from Missouri from 1820 to 1850, eloquently defended the Union in the late years of his public life. The purpose of this study is to identify Benton's major Union arguments, the conditions under which they were introduced into Missouri, and some of the political implications of the arguments.


Abstract. A continuous, 36-year measurement record of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) at three measurement sites of Mount Zugspitze, Germany was studied. The CO2 trend and seasonality were analyzed by decomposing the long-term time series into trend and seasonal components. The mean CO2 annual growth rate over the 36 year period at Zugspitze is 1.8 ppm yr−1, which is in good agreement with the Mauna Loa station and the global means. The peak-to-trough amplitude of the mean CO2 seasonal cycle is 11.67 ppm at Mount Zugspitze, which is significantly less than nearby measurement sites at Mount Wank and Schauinsland, but which follow similar patterns. To characterize this mountain site better, analyses of weekly periodicity and the diurnal cycle were performed to provide evidence of local sources and sinks of CO2. Together, with an atmospheric trace gas (CO and NO) and the number of site visitor case study, clear weekday–weekend differences were detected, indicating potential CO2 sources in the near vicinity.


We propose a method for estimating demosaicing algorithms from image noise variance. We show that the noise variance in interpolated pixels becomes smaller than that of directly observed pixels without interpolation. Our method capitalizes on the spatial variation of image noise variance in demosaiced images to estimate the color filter array patterns and demosaicing algorithms. We verify the effectiveness of the proposed method using various images demosaiced with different demosaicing algorithms extensively.


We describe a reordering procedure that changes the order of test vectors in a test sequence for a synchronous sequential circuit without reducing the fault coverage. We use this procedure to investigate the effects of reordering on the ability to compact the test sequence. Reordering is shown to have two effects on compaction. (1) The reordering process itself allows us to reduce the test sequence length. (2) Reordering can improve the effectiveness of an existing static compaction procedure. Reordering also provides an insight into the detection by test generation procedures of faults that are detected by relatively long subsequences.


The enlargement of the EU by ten new member states in 2004 increased the importance of the EU cohesion policy; however, the readiness of these states to absorb the funds has not been adequate. Consequently, their absorption capacity has been relatively low. An analysis was made which states the importance of institutional settings for the efficiency of absorbing funds. With this purpose in mind, we first closely examined the most successful countries in absorbing EU funds. These were: Ireland as the leading country among the EU-15 and Estonia and Slovenia as the leading countries among the EU-10. Ireland has a decentralized managing system with several managing authorities and paying authorities, also on the regional level, while Estonia and Slovenia have a more centralized system on a national level. Regarding the current implementation system and absorption success in these three countries, we cannot determine which of the three presented implementation structures is more effective and advisable for improving the absorption of EU funds. We came to the conclusion that even different implementation structures can lead to high absorption results.


Proposed is semiempirical equation-of-state model for organic compounds over a broad region of thermodynamic parameters, which takes into account transformations of substances at high dynamic pressure. Equations of state for polystyrene, polyimide, and poly(m-phenilene isophthalamide) are developed; the critical analysis of calculated results in comparison with the set of available at high energy density experimental data is made.


Over the past decade, exploitation of antimicrobial effect of nanoparticles on viruses, fungi and bacteria, respectively have developed markedly. A close attention was received by the possibility of nanoparticles type drug delivery systems to limit the biofilm formation within the oral cavity due to their important properties such as delivery abilities, anti-adhesive and biocidal features. The major objective of this work was to obtain doxycycline-loaded chitosan nanoparticles and to analyze the properties of as prepared samples in order to prolong the antibiotic release. The synthesized nanoparticles had less than 100 nm using the classis or improved drug encapsulation technique in chitosan matrix. The study focused on the antimicrobial characteristic of nanoparticles for controlling oral infections.

https://revistadechimie.ro/pdf/40 ZEGAN 5 19.pdf


This paper presents a new form of nonsingular terminal sliding mode control with fuzzy tuning approach for tracking-performance enhancement in a class of nonlinear systems with uncertainties and external disturbance. The robustness of the controller is established using the Lyapunov stability theory. The main contribution of the proposed method is that the terminal sliding surface can rotate and bend in the phase space so that the tracking performance can be enhanced, and chattering can also be reduced by employing fuzzy tuning of the controller parameters. Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate the efficacy and superiority of the proposed approach in the sense of tracking-performance enhancement comparing with conventional terminal sliding mode control.


A multi-resonant antenna is provided to enhance radiation efficiency or multiband characteristics of the antenna by coupling radiation elements with different sizes or grid structures and minimize a space occupied by the antenna by inserting another radiation element in a radiation element. A multi-resonant antenna comprises a dielectric substrate(1), a plurality of radiation elements(2,3), and a power feeding line(8). The plurality of radiation elements are composed of patches formed on a single surface or both surfaces of the dielectric substrate. The power feeding line feeds power to the plurality of radiation elements. At least two of the plurality of radiation elements arranged on the same surface of the dielectric substrate have different sizes or grid structures having fractal shapes with different repeat numbers. The relatively smaller radiation element of the at least two radiation elements is asymmetrically arranged in the other larger radiation element.


A model of the specular component of a radar return waveform from a planar surface is presented for narrowband rectangular probe pulse and Gaussian antenna pattern for beam- and pulse-limited modes. Comparison of the derived model with a conventional incoherent model has been carried out.


A high‐order immersed boundary method is devised for the compressible Navier‐Stokes equations by employing high‐order summation‐by‐parts difference operators. The immersed boundaries are treated as sharp interfaces by enforcing the solid wall boundary conditions via flow variables at ghost points. Two different interpolation schemes are tested to compute values at the ghost points and a hybrid treatment is used. The first method provides the bilinearly interpolated flow variables at the image points of the corresponding ghost points and the second method applies the boundary condition at the immersed boundary by using the weighted least squares method with high‐order polynomials. The approach is verified and validated for compressible flow past a circular cylinder at moderate Reynolds numbers. The tonal sound generated by vortex shedding from a circular cylinder is also investigated. In order to demonstrate the capability of the solver to handle complex geometries in practical cases, flow in a cross‐section of a human upper airway is simulated.


Cognitive radio networks have emerged as a promising solution to the ever-growing demand for additional spectrum resources and more efficient spectrum utilization. Cognitive radio (CR) technology used for the vacant licensed frequency band, for improvement of the spectrum utilization. CR operation does not interfere with transmission of the licensed or primary user and this is getting by incurring a trade-off in the CR network performance. A key novelty of CRP is the local interference observation to packet observations to a packet forwarding delay over the control channel and mapping of spectrum selection metrics. This will allow the route formation to undertake over a control channel to capture the environmental and spectrum information for all the nodes, which reducing the computational overhead at the destination. The result of wireless network is unguaranteed. We can't say that the output of the wireless network always comes, because it depends on the connectivity of the network. On the other hand wired network gives the result because all the devices are connected with wired line. In this paper we are going to add TCP (Transport Control Protocol) to the CRP. Keywords— Cognitive Radio, Transport Control Protocol, Optimization, Routing, Spectrum.


Customary forest utilization to improve the indigenous (adat) community welfare must be in line with local wisdom and preserving ecological function, even though they are no longer part of the state forest. In term of sustainable customary forest management, knowledge related to customary forest utilization and community welfare is getting significant to be study object. The paper aims to identify and analyse the determinants of indigenous community's income. It was conducted in indigenous community of Kasepuhan Karang, Banten in 2018. Data collection was taken by purposive sampling, processed by ordinal logistic correlation and descriptive analysis. The results show the indigenous community has high level of dependence on the forest through on and off farm. From the respondents, the average income from forest use is below the regional minimum wage. While from the partial test results, it is concluded the land owned area and the livelihood type have a significant positive effect on the income level. Therefore, land distribution should be well managed due to conservation issue and livelihoods diversification to increase income level. Nonetheless, formal education level undetermined on income level. Informal education, capacity building of the community regarding to sustainable customary forest management needs to be organized.


This paper presents a review on the numerical solution of the Euler equations. Three different high resolution versions of the following schemes are considered: Roe's scheme, the HLLE scheme and the AUSM+ scheme. We present a variety of test cases, each designed to test the robustness of each scheme and compare the results to determine which scheme was the most accurate.


Allport ( 1, pp. 7-9), following De Grange ( 11, pp. 12-19), has argued that Comte was the ancestor of social psychology. This refers mainly to Comte's proposed final science, morale, which was to deal with the development of the individual in society. Traditional opinion, however, has denied, on the whole, that Comte was a psychologist in any sense. Even Mourgue would appear to regard Comte's psychology as part of a greater science, anthropology or the science of man, considered equally as an individual and a social being (18, p. 52 n ) . The writer hopes, however, to deal critically with this point of view in a further study. Harriet Martineau translated and condensed the Cozcrs de Philosophie Positive, 1830-42, as The Positive Philosophy of Azcgzcste Comte (1853). Comte himself "in his . . . catalogue of works sanctioned by him, . . . substituted Miss Martineau's version for the original" ( 14, I, p. i ) . He is usually convicted out of Miss Martineau's mouth and his own jointly, thus: "The most obstinate psychologist could not well persist in maintaining the sovereign independence of his intellectual entities, if he would consider that the mere standing on his head for a moment would put a complete stop to the course of his own speculations" ( 14, I, p. 326). This seems to be merely a confusion between derangement and invalidity. A deranged operation may be perfectly valid in its normal state.


The depredations caused by Portuguese slaving in Northern Zimbabwe and the Middle Zambezi valley remain one of the lesser written about episodes in Zimbabwean history, and there has been a tendency, even among our foremost authors on Afro-Portuguese relations in Zimbabwe, to think that Portuguese slaving only affected areas north of the Zambezi. This traditional assumption needs to be challenged in light of abundant evidence, especially from the large corpus of published primary sources written by contemporary European observers in the nineteenth century, detailing the impact of the slave trade on the northern regions of Zimbabwe bordering the Zambezi. Other traditional assumptions regarding the nature and extent of Portuguese slave trafficking along the Zambezi, and the market for slave exports from Mozambique, also need to be modified in light of more recent, contrary evidence. To begin with, the conventional picture of the complete isolation of the peoples of the Middle Zambezi valley from the outside world, prior to their first contact with Portuguese traders
from the East Coast in 1860, needs modification because, it is now clear that there was direct and indirect contact with West Coast Portuguese traders from Angola that preceded them. Secondly, more evidence has come to light showing that the people of the Middle Zambezi had, through their own efforts, been in contact with the East Coast trade for at least 200 years before 1860. Thirdly, it has now been shown by other scholars that the traditional assumption that the demand for Mozambique slaves
was generated predominantly by Brazilian demand needs modification, because new evidence now shows that the French islands of the western Indian Ocean rivaled, and might even have replaced, Brazil as the major export market for Mozambique slaves by 1830. Finally, the internal slave trade of Mozambique, comprising the resale of slaves into the interior, i.e. from Mozambique 'up' the Zambezi, in the 1860s and 1870s, needs more scholarly attention because it marked a significant change both in the direction and nature of the Portuguese slave trade with the Middle Zambezi and Northern Zimbabwe.


Current clinical HER2-targeting ADCs, especially T-DXd, have shown strong efficacy in HER2-expressing/mutant cancers, however, with adverse events such as hematologic toxicities and interstitial lung disease (ILD)/pneumonitis. Here we presented a potential best-in-class HER2-directed ADC, SHR-A1811, which was composed of trastuzumab, a stable and cleavable linker, and a novel topoisomerase I inhibitor payload (SHR9265). SHR9265 was a delicately selected exatecan derivative with a better liposolubility and cellular permeability: SHR9265 had a higher AlogP value than SHR7971, synthesized using published DXd structure (3.67 vs. 2.72). Consistently, SHR9265 showed ~5 times higher membrane permeability (PAMPA model) at pH5 and pH7.4. Cell killing activity of SHR9265 was ~3 times more potent than SHR7971. SHR-A1811 had a drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) of 5.7, and showed HER2-dependent growth inhibition against various breast cancer and gastric cancer cell lines. In the bystander killing system, SHR-A1811 was able to kill both SK-BR-3 (HER2+) and MDA-MB-468 (HER2-) cells when co-cultured, with the IC50 on MDA-MB-468 of 0.28 nM. The in vitro efficacy of SHR-A1811 was comparable with anti-Her2-SHR9265 (DAR 7.5) and ADC1 (synthesized using T-DXd structure), and stronger than anti-Her2-SHR9265 (DAR 3.5). In SK-BR-3 (HER2 high), JIMT-1 (HER2 moderate) and capan-1 (HER2 low) xenograft models, SHR-A1811 treatment resulted in a dramatic and sustained inhibition of tumor growth. A significantly stronger antitumor activity was observed for SHR-A1811 than ADC1 under the same dosages. Moreover, SHR-A1811 showed good stability and improved safety profiles, presumably due to the proper steric hindrance which was purposely designed on the payload (SHR9265). Less than 2% of payload release was observed in human plasma after a 21-day incubation. The HNSTD of SHR-A1811 in cynomolgus monkeys was 40mpk with thymus as the main target organ. No death and lung lesions were observed at dose levels up to 70mpk for 42 days, while ADC1 led to one male cynomolgus monkey death on day 10 at 70mpk with multiple lung damages. These findings were consistent with safety profiles observed in a multi-center, dose-escalation phase I clinical trial (NCT0444620). Patients with different solid tumor types received initial intravenous doses of SHR-A1811 from 1 to 8.0 mg/kg. Only trace amount of free toxin was detected. The Cmax of payload was 3.85 ng/ml at 8mg/kg of SHR-A1811. The incidence of G2 ILD was < 2.5% and the treatment discontinuation rate was 5.1% across doses. In summary, with a highly permeable payload, optimized DAR, great potency and better clinical safety profiles, SHR-A1811 has demonstrated the best-in-class potential. Currently SHR-A1811 has entered phase II and phase III clinical studies for breast cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and NSCLC (NCT05424835, NCT05482568, NCT04818333, NCT05349409).
 Citation Format: Ting Zhang, Lingfeng You, Jianyan Xu, Junzhao Yin, Bolei Qu, Yuchang Mao, Beibei Fu, Dan Cao, Linda Zhao, Jun Feng, Min Hu, Feng He. SHR-A1811, a novel anti-HER2 ADC with superior bystander effect, optimal DAR and favorable safety profiles [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 2 (Clinical Trials and Late-Breaking Research); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(8_Suppl):Abstract nr LB031.


ABSTRACT Introduction. Hematological malignancies are a heterogeneous group of cancers of blood cells and their precursors for which there are not many studies in Africa due to diagnostic difficulties. It is with the aim of enriching the data on these pathologies in Cameroon that the present study was initiated. Materials and methods. We conducted a retrospective analytical study in the department of hematology and medical oncology of the Central Hospital of Yaounde in Cameroon for 10 years from January, 2008 to December, 2017. We have elaborated on a technical sheet where were found epidemiological, sociodemographic, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary variables. Results. Among the 167 files selected, the average age of the patients was 52 +/- 16, with extremes of 21 years and 87 years. Lymphoproliferative syndromes were the most common group of hematological malignancies, represented at 52.7% (88 patients). Patients consulted mainly for "suspicion of hematological malignancy" (89.2%). Definite exposure factors were identified in 52 cases (31.1%). Agricultural pesticides and herbicides were the most commonly found exposure factors (25%). The chemotherapy protocols varied according to pathologies and stages. Toxic events were rare. The average survival rate after one year was 30% for all hematological malignancies and nearly 1% after 4 years. Conclusion. This work allowed to determine the extent of hematologic malignant disease, to identify the socio-demographic characteristics, the risk factors, the clinical characteristics and the fate of the patients. RESUME Introduction. Les hemopathies malignes constituent un ensemble heterogene de cancers des cellules sanguines et de leurs precurseurs pour lesquels il n'existe pas beaucoup d'etudes realisees en Afrique du fait des difficultes diagnostiques. C'est dans l'optique d'enrichir les donnees sur ces pathologies au Cameroun que la presente etude a ete initiee. Methodes. Nous avons conduit une etude transversale retrospective dans le service d'hematologie et d'oncologie medicale de l'Hopital Central de Yaounde au Cameroun sur 10 ans du 1er janvier 2008 au 31 decembre 2017. Nous avons elabore sur une fiche technique ou ont ete relevees les variables epidemiologiques, sociodemographiques, cliniques, therapeutiques et evolutives. Resultats. Parmi 167 les patients retenus, l'âge moyen etait de 52 ans +/- 16, avec des extremes de 21 ans et de 87 ans. Les syndromes lymphoproliferatifs constituaient le groupe d'hemopathies malignes le plus frequent, represente a 52,7% (88 patients). Les patients consultaient surtout pour « suspicion d'hemopathie maligne » (89,2%). Des facteurs d'exposition ont ete retrouves chez 52 patients (31,1%). Les pesticides agricoles et herbicides etaient les facteurs d'exposition majoritairement retrouves (25%). Les protocoles de chimiotherapie variaient en fonction des pathologies et des stades. Les evenements toxiques ont ete rares. Le taux moyen de survie au bout d'un an etait de 30% pour toutes les hemopathies malignes et de pres de 1% au bout de quatre ans. Conclusion. Ce travail a permis de determiner l'ampleur de la maladie maligne hematologique, d'identifier les caracteristiques sociodemographiques, les facteurs de risque, les caracteristiques cliniques et le devenir des patients.


Information theoretical optimization problems related to the resource allocation of wireless cellular and ad hoc networks are not solvable in closed form due to the nonlinear logarithmic representation of the Shannon capacity. This paper introduces functional approximations to the MIMO capacity over flat Rayleigh fading channels, which allow for analytical solutions to network resource optimization problems. The precision of the suggested approximations is assessed and is shown to provide a very close match to the exact capacity expression.


Chetniks opposition to Guerrillas during the Civil War in Yugoslavia took place not only on battle fields. Information war between two branches of Opposition was one of the components of race for power in the state occupied by the «Axis» countries. All this was supplemented with the difficulties connected with the political pressure put by Great Powers, especially by Great Britain and the USSR, inter-confessional and international problems existing in the formerly indivisible kingdom.


the entire fleet can now be run on Arctic coal from the Sangara mines on the Lena River, the Norilsk mines on the Yenisei and the Zilyansk mines on the Kolyma River, and prospecting for new deposits is active. Regular seasonal navigation along the route is based on aerial reconnaissance of ice conditions, reports from the radio and meteorological stations along the route, and the systematic research carried out by scientific parties.


Abrupt rainfall intensification and heavy rainfall associated with landfalling tropical cyclones are often the direct causes of severe disasters such as floods,landslides,mud slides and flashfloods.Therefore,they have been paid much attention to by lots of meteorologists,being regarded as the frontier and the problem in the tropical cyclone research field.In this paper,the main progress made at home and abroad is comprehensively summarized from the five following aspects:(1) Multi-scale interactions between the planetary scale,large scale and mesoscale atmospheric systems;(2) The effect of underlying surface conditions;(3) Impact of environmental vertical wind shear;(4) Energy production and conversion theory;(5) Wave propagation theory.Thereafter,discussions of the existing problems and future work plans are presented in the last section of the paper.


On April 15th, 1989, a bad decision cost the lives of ninety-six men, women, and children and injured over 700 others. The site was the Hillsborough stadium in Sheffield, England, where a semifinal match was being played between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest. The decision was to allow the opening of the Gate C exit off Leppings Lane in order to alleviate a crush of fans at the turnstiles rather than delay the start of the game [1,2]. When the gate was opened, direct access was given to the central pens on the soccer pitch level. The pens quickly filled and the crush became lethal within moments [1-3].


The rise in the energy spectrum of the positron ratio, observed by the PAMELA satellite above 10 GeV, and other cosmic-ray measurements, have been interpreted as a possible signature of dark matter annihilation in the Galaxy. However, the large number of free parameters, and the large astrophysical uncertainties, make it difficult to draw conclusive statements about the viability of this scenario. Here, we perform a multiwavelength, multimessenger analysis, that combines in a consistent way the constraints arising from different astrophysical observations. We show that if standard assumptions are made for the distribution of dark matter (we build models on the recent Via Lactea II and Aquarius simulations) and the propagation of cosmic rays, current dark matter models cannot explain the observed positron flux without exceeding the observed fluxes of antiprotons or gamma-ray and radio photons. To visualize the multimessenger constraints, we introduce 'star plots', a graphical method that shows in the same plot theoretical predictions and observational constraints for different messengers and wavelengths.


We show how the recent improvement of the Hermite-Hadamard inequality can be applied to some (not necessarily convex) planar figures and three-dimensional bodies satisfying some kind of regularity.


Abstract The present work was carried with the aim to document the Sacred Natural Sites in both Garhwal and Kumaon regions of Uttarakhand to access their major ecosystem services benefiting at both regional levels to local inhabitants and globally benefiting environment. The Sacred Natural Sites (SNS) included sacred forests, sacred groves, sacred bugyals and water bodies. A total of 130 SNS were found during the present study located in different areas of Uttarakhand. The surveyed SNS included 55 groves, 44 forests, 24 meadows/bugyals/Kharks and 6 water bodies. With respect to the range of ecosystem services offered by the SNS about 24 percent share goes to the cultural services and 32 percent each for supporting and provisioning services whereas 12 percent services are of regulatory in nature.


Geography is the science of place and space. It focuses on mechanism of people, place and environment in general and people and their activities in particular. This paper attempts to analyze challenges of geography education in Nepal. For this, data were collected from both the primary and secondary sources through interviews, group discussion and field observation covering five schools and campuses offering geography. Knowledge of geography is necessary for each and every citizen for the national development. It requires effective geography education at various levels that introduces national territory, topography, soil, water, climate, vegetation, people, settlement, planning and resources. However, the geography education has been taught as an optional subject and it is competing with the other subjects like computer science, optional math, and economics in secondary and higher secondary levels in Nepal. As a result, there is no room for choosing geography as an optional subject to majority of students. They forced to select their least favored subject which was decided by school. Nowadays, the number of schools and students have been decreasing in geography subject at both school and university level.


The architecture, function, control strategy and implementation of decision-making agents are researched. Meanwhile some experimental results are given as well at last. It is confirmed that the neural net is quite available for decision-making agent to satisfy the adjustment of assembling parameters; furthermore, all the decision-making agents are able to predict the quality problem and easily give some improving suggestions in advance. The intelligent agents are employed in the quality control system for assembling production line while a multi-agent based monitor system is successfully implemented at the engine assembling workshop in a automobile enterprise.


This paper introduces a novel 4H-SiC SOI-MESFET with a step in buried oxide (SSOI-MESFET) for improving breakdown voltage. We investigate the improvement in device performance with two-dimensional and two-carrier device simulation. Our simulation results show that breakdown voltage of SSOI-MESFET is higher than conventional Bulk-MESFET (CB-MESFET) and conventional 4H-SiC SOI-MESFET (CSOI-MESFET). In this study we have shown that saturation current of the proposed structure is higher than CB-MESFET.


In an attempt to gain a better understanding of the prevalence of otitis media with effusion (OME) in the Hong Kong community, and to compare the characteristics of the disease here with OME as it is described in the Western literature, we screened more than 6,000 6- and 7-year-old children with both clinical and audiologic examinations. The initial positive screening rate was 5.3%. Upon further evaluation, we determined that the overall prevalence of persistent OME was 2.2%. We found that the disease pattern and natural history of persistent OME in Hong Kong children are similar to those reported in the Western literature.


Objective To put up the spot test and investigate the lung function of the young and middle-aged normal subjects living in the land city and island of Zhejiang province and its correlative factors such as living circumstance,age,height and body weight.Methods The lung volumes and breath capacities of 820 normal subjects aged 20-45 were tested by portable spirometers.The key indices of lung function,including VC,FEV1,FEV/FVC%,PEF and MMEF75/25,were analyzed by multiple linear regression so as to observe the influence of age,gender,height and body weight on the lung function.Results Significant difference existed between the land city and island in some indexes(P0.05,P0.01);The small airway value indexes of island were more than land city.Most of indexes reached their peaks at the age of 26 and then decreased gradually by age.Among these factors,height had the most influencing effect while age and weight took the second place.Conclusion There is significant difference in the lung function test results between subjects living in the land city and island,the air quality has an important effect on lung function.


The irreversible water in the interlayer of HLaNb2O7 (HLa), which was removed in the temperature range of 350—400 °C, greatly affected the formation of acidic properties of the HLa. The reversible water removed at lower temperature than 350 °C did not greatly affect the acidic character of the HLa. The relations between the isoelectric points and heat-treatment temperature of the HLa were examined in connection with the acidity.


Conclusion: Vocal cord polyps occur infrequently in children and adolescents. These cases are seldomly seen and reported and may arise from chronic abuse of the larynx, vocal cord trauma or phonotrauma. Hoarseness is the most common presenting symptom. Differential diagnoses include recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, laryngeal cyst and laryngeal nodule. The management of vocal cord polyps involves surgical removal followed by speech therapy.


Bilateral birooted primary canine presentation is an exceptionally rare dental oddity, and its occurrence with primary double teeth is even rarer. In Indian literature, fused primary anteriors are the most common dental morphological anomalies, whereas only one case of bilateral birooted primary canines has been published. This article describes the case of a 3-year-old male with a chief complaint of pain and intraoral swelling associated with fused primary anterior teeth, wherein supernumerary roots in primary canines found bilaterally were an incidental radiographic finding. This case thus emphasizes the importance of a thorough and comprehensive intraoral and radiographic examination using numerous angulations for facilitating early diagnosis, favorable treatment outcome, and reduced need for complex orthodontic interceptions for similar dental anomalies.


CPHS data, examine the relationship between vaccination and individual labor market outcomes. In a Covid Special Module fielded World Bank, individuals were asked about their vaccination status and the number of doses they have taken. This was collected during the 24th Wave of CPHS between September - December 2021 when all adults were eligible for vaccination. India's vaccination campaign took place in a phased manner. Vaccination of frontline workers started 2021; 60 years 45 years 2021; all years 2021; and finally, all adults May 2021. survey data on individual vaccination status 2021. to panel structure of CPHS, we are able to observe outcomes for the 18-45 years age-group both before they were eligible for vaccines (January – April 2021) and after (September – December 2021). Hence, the results this section exploiting the panel structure of the data restrict the sample to adults aged between 18-45 years.


Objective To investigate the clinical value of MMP-9 and PIIINP in diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.Methods To retrospective analyze MMP-9 and PIIINP In 76 cases patients with acute myocardial infarction ,when prophase and anaphase of treatment in our hospital.Results The MMP-9(191.6 ±38.5)μg/L and PIIINP(8.9 ±1.8)μg/L of observation group treatment prophase were higher than control group[(85.6 ±33.2)μg/ L,(3.5 ±1.5)μg/L],(t = 13.01,14.55,P < 0.05),which were obviously different between treatment anaphase 3d,7d,14d MMP-9[(170.2 ±30.2)μg/L,(123.6 ±32.7)μg/L,(90.2 ±30.2)μg/L]and PIIINPf(6.9 ±1.7)μg/L,(5.2 ±1.6)μg/L、3.7 ±1.8)μg/L]were lower than treatment prophase(t = 12.63,9.58,5.36,5.01 ,18.0,17.8,all P<0.05);the MMP-9(90.2 ±30.2)μg/L and PIIINP(3.7 ±1.8)μg/L were remove in treatment anaphase 14d,which had no difference between treatment anaphase 14d and treatment prophase(t=0.69,0.54,all P> 0.05).Conclusion The MMP-9 and PIIINP were higher diagnostic value in clinical diagnosis acute myocardial infarction,which was worth to be used.

Key words:
Myocardial infarction; Matrix metalloproteinase 9; Procollagen n-endopeptidase


The growth in research advancement of vehicular Adhoc Network (VANET) has seen a significant rise in the security attack.In this paper we gives the simulation for quantitative investigate of VANET in presence of Timing attack and Sinkhole attack. We described the performance metrics and discover the effect and harm caused by Timing attack and Sinkhole attack, which directly affect the network Quality of Service (QoS).Our assessment results shows that the impact on VANET under Timing attack and Sinkhole attack varies potentially depending on number of vehicles, number of attacker vehicles.The impact of a Timing attack and Sinkhole attack increased significantly by increasing the number of attacker vehicles in several of the situations. While the number of attacks impact level continually effect on network performance with varying the number of vehicles. It has been perceived that in presence of Timing attack delay is increased approximately 80%. On the other hand, in presence of Sinkhole attack delay is increased approximately 72%. It implied that these attacks are harmful for network life and stand against safety application in VANET.


There has been much discussion in recent years on the uses and practice of history beyond the academy,' where a wide diversity of heritage, memory, community, tourism and educational projects can be said to complement, and sometimes contest, the more traditional academic 'routines and spaces of. ..teaching and research procedures'.* These other contexts, while now burgeoning as perhaps never before, are of course not new. The track record of some such forms of history had no doubt given professional historians and colleagues in allied disciplines cause for concern, especially now that their role, as 'history', was becoming more centre-stage at a time when student numbers in academic departments were declining. In the South African context museums, for example, were characterised in the 1980s as 'bastions of ideology', for the trends they then represented in the depiction of history (these shortcomings being noted from


289 Air Force students were presented in counterbalanced order within-Ss two forms to gauge their attitudes toward military technical training. The content of each of 55 items was structured according to two different formats, a Likert-type and a Guttman-type configuration. The forms were similar in the sense that for each item written in the Likert format there was a corresponding item written in the Guttman format which had essentially the same content. Not only were all items within one form of the same structure, but all were composed in such a manner to reduce as much as possible variability among items due to phraseology. Each item was randomly placed in its sequential position among the 55 items of each form; and each item maintained the same sequential position within both forms. Items were scored according to customary Likert and Guttman procedures. A multiple discriminant analysis and its associated statistics were computed for these data between measurement formats. Ss demonstrated significantly more favorable attitudes toward the same content areas on the Guttman-structured items than on the Likert-structured items. Evidently, item format did affect the degree of the evaluative assertions ascribed to the attitude universe. These results were explained in terms of several alternative theories, namely, anchoring, adaptation-level, and intensity interpretations.


This thesis analyzes how the Inverse Gaussian distribution compares to other statistical distributions for fitting flow data from Newfoundland rivers. Although the 2-parameter Inverse Gaussian distribution is as flexible as most 3-parameter distributions, it is not currently used for statistical analysis of hydrologic data. Theories are available for regression analysis as well as hypothesis testing that is based on the Inverse Gaussian assumption. -- A hydrological study of Newfoundland rivers was performed to assess application of the Inverse Gaussian distribution to flow and regional analysis techniques. For high flows, the Inverse Gaussian distribution was compared to the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV), the 3-Parameter Lognormal (3PLN), the Extreme Value (EV) and the Lognormal (LN) distributions. For low flows, comparison was made to the 3-Parameter Weibull (W3), 2-Parameter Weibull (W2), Extreme Value (EV) and the Lognormal (LN) distributions. -- The analysis confirmed the Inverse Gaussian distribution is a suitable candidate for flood analysis of high flows. However, the distribution does not perform well for low flow analysis. Using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) as an indicator of suitability, the Inverse Gaussian distribution is significantly better than both the 2-parameter and 3-parameter distributions considered in this analysis for high flows. The results of the study include regional flood frequency curves based on the Inverse Gaussian distribution for two distinct regions within the island of Newfoundland. These curves are suitable for use in addition to and for comparison with other regional flood analysis techniques for Newfoundland streamflow data. -- There are two main recommendations derived from this study. The first is to apply the Inverse Gaussian distribution to streamflow data in areas other than the island of Newfoundland. Such application of the distribution to both high and low flows of other areas would determine if the suitability for high flows, or the inappropriateness for low flows, is limited to Newfoundland streamflow data. The second main recommendation is to develop an approximation for the inverse of the Inverse Gaussian distribution, similar to the approximation for the more popular Gaussian, or Normal distribution. Such an approximation would enhance the use and capabilities of the Inverse Gaussian distribution in flood frequency analysis, as well as many other statistical applications where the inverse of this robust distribution is required.


The paper analyses performances of the mandatory mode of Body Area Network IEEE 802.15.6 Impulse-Radio Ultra-Wideband DPSK physical layer in different types of interference; namely Frequency Modulated Ultra-Wideband, WiMax and other co-located IEEE 802.15.6 Impulse-Radio Ultra-Wideband devices. Interference performance of two receiver architectures suitable for the specification of this physical layer: duty-cycled sampling receiver and chirp receiver are analyzed through probabilities of error in different phases of packet reception.


Based on the analysis of heat flow theory and calculation of heat transfer,this paper points out the shortcomings of a naturally convective TF run for many years,and describes the clipper and convenient methods of reconstructing that in order to save energy and increase effect.The tryout result shows clearly that the rate of energy saving is 50% after the project has been constructed.The contents of the paper are of the general guide significance and referential effect to the reformation of all natural convection temperature fields.


In this article author has longstanding researches about problems of cultural mentality of Russia and old Russia. Also researches about dominant traits of this great culture. These researches and also facts of Russian history leads author to main principles of evolution that took place in Russian culture. These principles are: evolution consists of several leaps. Author found about 5 leaps like this. We can talk about leap in X-XI centuries, XIV-XV centuries, first half of XIX century, last part of XIX and first part of XX century, 50-60 years of XX century. This article tells about reasons and preconditions of these leaps, characteristics of these leaps, correlation of these leaps and meaning of each leap for Russian culture.


A knowledge of the evolution of dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) provides information on the nature of these poorly-understood discharges and a reference against which models of DBDs can be assessed. Here, we report the observation of the growth and decay of DBDs between parallel plate dielectric covered electrodes separated by 2.2 mm, in a 2.0-mm /spl times/ 5.0-mm /spl times/ 25.4-mm gas cell, in helium, neon, and argon by means of a gated image intensifier coupled to a CCD array.


In this paper, the principles, the design, the methodology of low cost implementation and the results of implementation of a shunt active power filter (SAPF) in the embedded system environment are ...


The purpose of this study clarifi ed the sensory nerves that innervate the area near the trigger point of the jaw opening refl ex. The trigger point is located at the midpoint between the palatoglossal arch and pterygomandibular fold and medial to the retromolar pad. For the morphological investigation of sensory innervation in this area, we exposed the cranial nerves in 52 halves of cadaver head and observed their distribution in soft tissue. In all the observed examples, the branches of the lingual nerve together formed mesh networks and distributed to the mucosa near the palatoglossal arch, retromolar pad, and the lingual gingiva of the last molar. It was suggested that the sensory nerves distributing to the area around the trigger point of jaw opening refl ex were the branches of the lingual nerve, namely the branches to isthmus of fauces. We believe that the information herein may be of use to substantial nursing care and dysphagia rehabilitation.


this paper deal with the estimation of the power spectral density function of time series. A kernel estimator which is based on local average is defined and the rates of convergence of the pointwise, -norm; and; -norm associated with the estimator are investigated by restricting as to kernels with suitable assumptions. Under appropriate regularity conditions, it is shown that the optimal rate of convergence for 0 both in the pointwiseand -norm, while; is the optimal rate in the . Some examples are given to illustrate the application of main results.


Objective Using Southern Blot to explore the possibility of cruing the pR ST98 in different enteric bacilli using Oflocaxin and Chinese traditional medicine Shuang huang-lian.Methods Sub-inhibitory concentration of the drugs was selected to crue the plasmid carried by pR ST98 . Southern Blot of the Amp and Tc probe were used to identify the drug resistant genes on pR ST98 .Results Southern Blot results showed that the drug resistant genes were still presented on pR ST98 , Oflocaxin and Shuang huang-lian could not eliminate pR ST98 in vitro. But the kinds of resistant markers coded by the plasmid were reduced and the level of drug resistance (MIC) had declined remarkably in some of the bacteria strains.Conclusion These two drugs could reduce the drug resistant level of pR ST98 hosted bacteria.


The Buddhist Lent (known as War Dwin in Myanmar) is a 3 lunar month long period of fasting observed by devout Buddhist during the monsoon each summer. Dietary patterns during the War Dwin pose a challenge for patients with diabetes who wish to fast, as well as for diabetes care providers who have to provide effective, yet safe therapeutic regimes. During the War Dwin, people take solid meals only from midnight to noon. Intake is limited to jaggery and from noon to midnight. This predisposes to hypoglycemia, which in turn encourages defensive snacking and leads to poor glycemic control. This article discusses rational oral drug therapeutic options during War Dwin. It draws from available pharmacological evidence, combined with clinical experience, to suggest possible antidiabetic regimes which combine efficacy with safety and tolerability. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sjdem.v3i2.6380 Sri Lanka Journal of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism 2013; 3 : 108-111


Traditional MPPT control strategy for variable speed wind turbine was dependent on turbines parameters, the algorithm was difficulty in realize system. A new MPPT based on fuzzy control was presented to improve the efficiency of wind power generation system. This MPPT control strategy adjusts the proportion coefficient of power curve according to the operation states and change perturb step by power characteristic point slop, the power characteristic of wind turbine was analyzed and the strategy of dynamic power curve tracking mode was described, with fuzzy controller designed for this MPPT tracking, the tracking speed was improved, the oscillation around MPP was reduced, the control performance confirmed by MATLAB simulation.


Remote sensing (RS) image captioning (IC) is a novel technique introduced recently in the RS community to enrich the description of very high resolution (VHR) images. The goal of RSIC is to generate a sentence that summarizes the content of an image. In general, RSIC is developed in a supervised way where annotated samples are needed to train the system. However, obtaining annotated samples is costly and time consuming in particular when the labels are sentence descriptions that are very subjective. In order to cope with the problem of having large amounts of training samples in this work we propose an active learning solution for RSIC that selects the most important samples to label and include in the training. Experimental results performed on UCM caption dataset show the promising effectiveness of the proposed active learning strategy.


Evaluation of urban landscape is very important for urban environment and characteristies. The paperpoints out two main methods of landscape quality evaluation, which are non-quantification andquantification, from which the paper induces threo detailed evaluation methods, and subdivides them intoaesthetic, ecological, psychological, phenomenological, and surrogate component modes, etc.


To achieve the cadastral map's internal and external continuous assignment as well as the cadastral information management and automation, the article studies two important problems, namely the programming method of curve and the programming method of symbol of line in the cadastral management information system. It puts forward the main drawing methods on curve boundary, namely the parabola parameter pattern calculating methods. A new programming idea of drawing the large amount of curve symbols on the cadastral map is proposed. This new idea suggests to break up curve symbols into all kinds of basic symbols to compose a complete message storehouse. When you need a certain curve symbol, you may directly obtain it from the message storehouse and compose it. The results indicate that it may raise the speed of drawing, simplify procedures, and promote information development and automation in cadastral management.


Neointimal fibroproliferative lesions after balloon angioplasty remain a major clinical problem, frequently leading to restenosis of initially successfully dilated coronary arteries. The cGMP‐dependent protein kinase type I (cGMP‐PK I) and its substrate vasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), molecular targets of the atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and nitric oxide (NO) signalling pathways, are likely to be involved in various aspects of vascular wall regulation and restenosis formation.


People hold a long-lived concern for modernity which originated in Europe in the late 19th century with exceedingly remarkable industrial results.Since western society has such different characteristics,that modernity has been a comparable model(at least a standard) for developing countries.Now modernity research focuses on urbanization of developing countries,making researchers consider the relationship between modernity and tranditionality by a new definition and bringing a new vision for observing complex relationship between modernity and traditionality in architectural theory.First,this paper not only reviews the concepts of modernity and modernization in the Western context of the 20th century,but also tries to reconstruct the relationship between modernity and tradionality on the level of epistemology.Secondly,by analyzing from the perspective of modern architecture it presents either the colourful folk culture or regional traditional architecture as an old-time ghost which shall be removed,while a vivid cultural feature which can be continued.Last but not least,the paper gives a conclusion-traditionality and modernity are not of binary opposition.Tradition not only belongs to the past,but also becomes modernized increasingly to match modernity.So,various non-Western and regional knowledge frameworks is given an equal place so that they have chances to develop and learn from one another,contributing to construction of a more sustainable,fairer,culturally and ecologically more colourful world.


Thirty-two infants were observed twice in the Ainsworth Strange Situation procedure, once with their mothers and once with their fathers. Following the emphasis and procedures described by Ainsworth, the analysis focused on the nature of the infants' responses to separation and reunion. Raters then assessed the "security" of the infants' attachments to their mothers and fathers. Sixteen of the infants were "securely attached" to both parents, and seven had insecure relationships to both. Knowledge of the security of either parent-child relationship facilitated prediction (p < .06) of the nature of the other relationship, but there was sufficient variability to indicate that a major determinant of the quality of either relationship might be the earlier interaction between that individual and the infant, rather than one prototypic relationship.


In 2003, Lu et al. developed a novel fragile watermarking scheme for image authentication to against the quantization attack. Unfortunately, their scheme is not secure enough. In 2006, Liao et al. proposed two types of attack on Lu et al.'s scheme. They pointed out that Lu et al.'s scheme is still impractical. To achieve both the copyright protection and tamper detection of stego-image, a robust-fragile watermarking algorithm is proposed in this paper. Our proposed scheme is not only to against the quantization attack ("modification attack" and "counterfeit attack" ), but also to achieve both the copyright protection and tamper detection of stegoimage. From experimental result, we can show that the performance of our proposed scheme is better than Lu et al.'s method.


This research allows one to take an existing pattern classiier (software/hardware system) and enhance its performance in two ways: (i) it maps class scores produced by the classiier to probability values, and (ii) it allows the performance of the classiier to be improved with a new training set without having to access the internal structure of the classiier. Moreover, every time the original classiier improves, this approach can further improve the classiication performance. The probability values returned are truly scale independent, thus carrying the same meaning across classiiers. This makes the research extremely attractive for classiier combination applications. The methodology described in this paper has been tested. A word recognizer is used to demonstrate the conversion of conndence (distance) scores to probabilities and digit recognizers are used to demonstrate the improvement in recognition accuracy.


Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) have been shown to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Recent evidence indicates that statins may also exert direct effects on vascular wall cells (including endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells) independently of their hypocholesterolemic properties. However, little is known about whether statins have direct effects on myocardium. The effect of lipophilic and hydrophilic statins (fluvastatin and pravastatin) on apoptosis and protein synthesis in rat neonatal cardiac myocytes was investigated. The presence of apoptosis was evaluated by morphologic criteria, electrophoresis of DNA fragments, 4″,6″-diamidine-2″-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, and TUNEL assay. Protein synthesis was measured by 3H-leucine incorporation into the cells. Fluvastatin, but not pravastatin, induced apoptosis in cardiac myocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The pro-apoptotic effect of fluvastatin was reversed in the presence of mevalonate or geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate (GGPP), but not in the presence of squalene. The addition of protein prenylation inhibitor perillic acid and Rho-kinase inhibitor Y27632 significantly increased apoptosis. Fluvastatin decreased RhoA protein in the membrane fraction, whereas there were no significant changes of the RhoA protein in the cytosol fraction. Interleukin-1&bgr;-stimulated 3H-leucine incorporation was completely inhibited by fluvastatin, but not by pravastatin. The findings suggest that fluvastatin induces apoptosis in cardiac myocytes via protein prenylation and the subsequent inhibition of Rho, and may play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling.


A comparison of the iq scores of a group of spina bifida children and their siblings and a group of matched control children and their siblings indicated that maldevelopment of or damage to the central nervous system is associated with lower iq, even when social class is taken into account.


R.R.W. Foreword A DYING art peculiar to itself, and largely a Continental art at that, is modelling in wax. At one time, prior to the introduction of television, the cinematic film and the epidiascope, waxen images had an important role as a visual aid to medical education. Medical illustration to-day, however, is wed to the photograph with the colour photograph improving in excellence, and medical painting taking second place. Both of these are only two-dimensional, but the photograph overcomes this disadvantage by its accuracy and is therefore preferred. The painting or drawing, on the other hand, bears the spirit of the artist who may be either a doctor or a layman. Few doctors possess either the technical skill or the time for first-class work and lay artists often tend involuntarily to subjugate medical considerations to artistic appreciation. The results, therefore, while excellent impressions as to how the lesions or specimens appear to them in a particular light, do not always properly portray the conditions which are being illustrated especially as regards contrast and emphasis in so far that vivid colours, when they exist, often appear with unnatural vividness. The model made by a doctor, on the other hand, if good at all is a faithful reproduction, one which can be handled and examined at leisure and which can teach generations of students. I t is a tribute to such models that they are often photographed in colour and the reproductions used even in the textbooks of to-day. Those excellent colour photographs in Jacobi's Atlas if Dermochromes are but one example. Devotees to the art of wax modelling often commence with apples and oranges or other sideboard delicacies, but in time the medically minded turn to something more difficult. The good, well-painted model of a skin eruption or ulcer, in its three-dimensional reality, is a joy to behold and, second to the patient himself, must be the best of all the visual aids. Each model requires hours of patience and hard work for someone already skilled, and it is a great pity nowadays that


The concept of anomie has drawn & still continues to draw the attention of sociol'ts of diff fields because of its soc relevance, its practical signif, its theoretical fruitfulness, as a test of methodological position, & finally as a challenge to the historian of sociol & the student of SofK. For these reasons it is felt to be appropriate to return to the original texts in which E. Durkheim discussed the phenomenon & the concept of anomie. In particular, the text concerning anomie in DE LA DIVISION DU TRAVAIL SOCIAL (On the Division of Social Labor, 1893, see SA 0206/B4861) has not received the attention it deserves. This & other Durkheim texts relating to anomie (eg, LA SUICIDE, Suicide) are recapitulated & analyzed. Finally, the importance of the concept of anomie for understanding the sociol of Durkheim is underscored. Modified AA.


Pyrolysis is an important thermochemical route to decompose lignocellulose biomass into biogas, bio-oil and biochar, which can be then converted into value-added biofuels, chemicals and biomaterial...


Hospital workers have borne a large burden of the COVID-19 pandemic, exposed to risks of infection, while enduring elevated workloads, increased workplace stress, prolonged hours in uncomfortable working conditions, and public stigmatisation. In this cross-sectional study, we examined the psychological stressors of COVID-19 on hospital essential services workers and their needs at a tertiary hospital in Singapore. Methods: We conducted a study of 246 outsourced essential workers comprising housekeeping, maintenance staff, and porting staff. Psychological distress was measured by the Kessler-6 scale. We also surveyed respondents through a questionnaire on the main concerns that worried them, supportive resources available, and additional resources that would most help them. Among the survey respondents, concerns related to employment, finances, accommodation, transportation, and likelihood of receiving medical attention for COVID-19 were significantly associated with moderate to severe psychological distress ( p<0.05). Stress from isolation and fear of COVID-19 infection constituted the greatest psychosocial burdens. Respondents felt that main supportive resources came from their employers and social circles. They also listed enhanced individual ability to cope, and additional financial aid from their employers and the government would help them the most. Financial and accommodation-related stressors reflect structural factors that exacerbated the psychosocial burdens faced by non-medical hospital workers. Most respondents tended to individualise their coping strategies, which point towards the need for stronger social protections and mental health provisions for hospital essential services workers.


In this paper, we study the
time-asymptotic behavior of the solution for the Cauchy problem of
the damped wave equation with a nonlinear convection term in the
multi-dimensional space. When the initial data is a small perturbation around a
constant state $u^*$, we obtain the point-wise decay estimates of the
solution under the
so-called dissipative condition $|b| < 1$, where $b$ depends on $u^*$ and the nonlinear term.


Background
Vascular calcification is enhanced in uraemic chronic haemodialysis patients, likely due to the accumulation of midsize uraemic toxins, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Here we have assessed the impact of uraemia on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification and examined the role of IL-6 and TNF-α as possible mediators and, most importantly, its underlying signalling pathway in VSMCs.

Methods
VSMCs were incubated with samples of uraemic serum obtained from patients treated with haemodialysis for renal failure in the Permeability Enhancement to Reduce Chronic Inflammation-I clinical trial. The VSMCs were assessed for IL-6 gene regulation and promoter activation in response to uraemic serum and TNF-α with reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assay and for osteoblastic transition, cellular calcification and cell viability upon osteogenic differentiation.

Results
Uraemic serum contained higher levels of TNF-α and IL-6 compared with serum from healthy individuals. Exposure of VSMCs to uraemic serum or recombinant TNF-α lead to a strong upregulation of IL-6 mRNA expression and protein secretion, which was mediated by activator protein 1 (AP-1)/c-FOS-pathway signalling. Uraemic serum induced osteoblastic transition and calcification of VSMCs could be strongly attenuated by blocking TNF-α, IL-6 or AP-1/c-FOS signalling, which was accompanied by improved cell viability.

Conclusion
These results demonstrate that uraemic serum contains higher levels of uraemic toxins TNF-α and IL-6 and that uraemia promotes vascular calcification through a signalling pathway involving TNF-α, IL-6 and the AP-1/c-FOS cytokine-signalling axis. Thus treatment modalities aiming to reduce systemic TNF-α and IL-6 levels in chronic haemodialysis patients should be evaluated in future clinical trials.


The penetration behavior is very important for the semi-armor-piercing warhead.The oblique penetration behavior of the projectile with cutting mechanism was studied numerically by using the finite element code LS-DYNA.The penetration performance of the projectiles with and without cutting mechanism were compared respectively on the limit ricochet angle,the residual velocity after perforation,the dimension of the hole and the sliding distance of the projectile on the target before perforation.It shows that the numerical results agree well with the experimental ones.It reveals that the antiricochet effect of the cutting mechanism on the projectile is not so obvious but the dimension of the hole created by the projectile with cutting mechanism is much larger than that of the traditional projectile.The deflection and attack angle of the projectile with cutting mechanism change to different extent compared to the case of the traditional projectile.An optimized projectile with half cutting mechanism was proposed,and the simulated results showed that the anti-ricochet ability of this optimized projectile is better.


We present a photoluminescence study of In(As,P) monolithic nanoinclusions into Si (100) substrates. The structures were grown in openings of the silicon substrates using an original approach based on the metal-organic vapor epitaxy method. The obtained arrays of In(As,P) nanoinclusions into the Si (100) surface were investigated by scanning microphotoluminescence spectroscopy. The obtained results show high crystalline quality of In(As,P) inclusions with broad emission peak in the near-infrared range of wavelengths.


In a recent paper1 we introduced a novel procedure for the generation of spatial filters optimized with respect to the entropy of the correlation plane intensity distribution. Compared with the conventional matched filter, the entropy optimized filter indicated superior pattern recognition performance even in the presence of substantial noise in an apparent contradiction with theoretical expectations. Employing procedures of communication theory this apparent contradiction is traced back to the idealized definitions related to the matched filter. If practical limitations are taken into account the entropy optimized filter and other synthetically generated filters can be predicted to perform better than the matched filter.


Presents a practical application of the conventional multi-loop control method for the temperature control of a television glass furnace. To control the temperature of the TV glass furnace, major input-output variables are selected, and simple first-order-plus-dead-time (FOPDT) models are established with the process experimental data. Based on the FOPDT models, a multi-loop control, which is a combination of cascade and single loops, is used. Practical implementation using a distributed control system showed satisfactory results of the proposed control algorithm for the 150-ton/day-production furnace.


The causal link between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer (CaCx) is now established beyond reasonable doubt with the implication that intervention against this viral infection should be able to prevent the vast majority of CaCx cases worldwide. Traditionally, vaccines have represented a cost-effective means to prevent microbially and virally induced diseases and HPV should be no exception. Indeed, Phase II and III trials of prophylactic HPV vaccines are in progress and early data on efficacy is emerging. However, there are many questions in terms of fundamental science, public health policies and socioeconomic constraints in different resource settings in the world that need addressing before HPV vaccines are licensed for general use. Prophylactic vaccination, even if introduced in the next 5–10 years would not have a demonstrable impact on CaCx for a further 15–30 years even in the most optimistic scenario for population coverage and efficacy. Therapeutic strategies for those already infected remains, therefore, a high priority. In addition, although anogenital cancer is the most serious consequence of HPV infection, HPV-associated genital warts remain the commonest viral and therapeutic options for these are less than optimal. The cutaneous HPVs often take a back seat but in an aging population not to mention the immunosuppressed, HPV-associated infections of skin and mucosae are common and difficult to treat. It is with this as a background that leading researchers in the field of HPV immunology and vaccine development met at Robinson College, Cambridge in July at a symposium on HPV vaccines and immunotherapies that reviewed current and future prospects.


Position of women and their status in any society is an index of its civilization. Women are to be considered as equal partners in the process of development. But exploited and subjugated for centuries, women have remained at the receiving end. Women's empowerment demands a life cycle approach where empowerment is viewed as a process and not as an event. Although a unique creations of nature, women are sufferers in society, under the domination of men. They are much behind men in socioeconomic and cultural matters. Can empowerment be achieved through the traditional media? This question is examined in this article. As the most vital component for sustainable development, empowering women as agents of social change and development is always a concern of the government and non-government agencies. But due to lack of proper education, communication tools and co-ordination of the various schemes and planning this objective is yet to be achieved. In this context education through proper mode of communication should lead to social and economic change of individuals and, as a corollary, of society. One of the most outstanding features of Indian socio-cultural history is its long and unbroken continuity. Different religions of India as part of this mosaic have long provided a fertile ground for the growth of traditional media. Being indigenous, the traditional media are close to the hearts and minds of the people and their appeal is at this personal and intimate level. The receptivity and acceptivity of outside message is enhanced by the use of traditional media as they are an integral part of rural life and commonly used by the viewers. An attempt is made in this paper to discuss the role and function of the traditional media as a tool of rural women's empowerment and development.


The present invention relates to a complex of exfoliated clay pillar-like in carbonization matrix. Substantially complete exfoliation of the clay, this first, viscous dispersed in highly dielectric organic matrix readily can be achieved by forming a precursor complex, followed by carbonization, during carbonization matrix it is possible to form a complex of the pillar-like peeling clay. This complex, for example, mechanical polymers are useful as fillers for improving the thermal and barrier properties.


An electronic apparatus for installation in a motor vehicle with a radio module (18) for establishing a short range radio link to a legitimate mobile telephone (2), wherein the authorized mobile telephone (2) stored based on a stored in a memory element (28) of the electronic device identifier of the authorized mobile telephone ( 28) is identified, characterized in that the electronic device further comprising: - means for detecting an expansion of the electronic device of a motor vehicle, and - means for automatically establishing a short range radio link to another mobile phone and for automatic initialization of a mobile radio connection to the further mobile phone when an identifier of the other mobile phone in the storage element (28) is to be stored for the first time after a new start-up of the electronic device according to a detected removal or has been saved.


This study focused on the effect of filler distribution and morphology on the observed mechanical behavior of nanocomposites under compressive loading. Polymer-clay nanocomposites (PCN) at various filler loadings were prepared via solution intercalation method. Organomodified montmorillonite (MMT) fillers were dispersed into nanometer length scales using high frequency ultrasonicator. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) suggested polymer intercalation with a 44-52% increase in the d-spacing of MMT. Dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses showed that the heat evolved during the curing process was relatively lower in PCN compared to the neat resin. This decrease in the magnitude of the heat of reaction (HR) was attributed to nanoclay addition. Since HR for a thermoset was primarily due to network formation, it was deduced that the crosslink density of neat resin is higher than that of PCN. Consequently, with fewer points of restriction in the polymer network, PCN has a higher propensity of sustaining larger elastic strain under low loadings. This behavior is similar to an elastomer despite the thermoset nature of the PCN.


This article develops the classical and Marxist theory of growth, establishing their basic links and main features, that is, the bond among their theories of value, distribution, accumulation and growth, centered around the concept of surplus, and the key role of the sphere of production in the determination of those theories. The exposition tries to show up the unity, continuity and progressiveness theoretical-analytic among the theories of the Physiocrats, Smith, Ricardo and Marx. In all of them it is analyzed the meaning of the saving-investment process and its relation with the growth, specially their stance with regard to the Say's Law.


Electric field fluctuations play a major role in dissociation reactions in liquid water and determine its vibrational spectroscopic response. Here, we study the statistics of electric fields in liquid water using molecular dynamics computer simulations with particular focus on the strong but rare fields that drive dissociation. Our simulations indicate that the important contributions to the electric field acting on OH bonds stem from water molecules less than 7 Å away. Long-ranged contributions play a minor role.


to the education of the whole person, and particularly to the moral, emotional and spiritual aspects of personhood, are considered here. These include the impact of 'marketisation' and 'commodification' generally in society, and especially on schools and schooling; the hidden curriculum which underlies, and may sabotage, stated intentions; the problematics of schools as 'communities'; religion and faith schools; and education for citizenship.Anyone who thought that educational decision-makers could ignore the ethical environment at any point in the process of generating and implementing policy should have been disabused of such an idea by the end of this chapter. The short Conclusion reminds us that citizens, teachers, academics, parents and governments all have a responsibility for the ethical environment. This book is well-planned, logically structured and clearly argued. It is published in the 'Foundations and Futures of Education' series, aimed at teachers and students of education rather than at philosophers. As such, it includes explanations of some concepts and the ideas of key philosophers which more advanced readers may find elementary, but, for many readers, the assumption that they may not already know much about either moral philosophy or values education will be a strength rather than a weakness. Graham Haydon has done us all a service in foregrounding the concept of the ethical environment. I hope that this concept, and Haydon's introduction to it, will provide the basis for a lively discussion amongst philosophers and pedagogues with an interest in the education of the whole person.