Intermittent vesical self-catheterisation is a legitimate and safe technique that has been reported since the 1970s as a solution for the treatment and prevention of vesical urinary complications resulting from spinal cord injury. This practice, using clean technology, has been asserting itself as one of the best alternatives for people with neurogenic bladder. However, adherence is not complete due to some barriers imposed to this procedure by the injured, with emphasis on positioning, agility, and visual impairment. The solutions presented today to support self-catheterisation are expensive equipment that does not allow patients with advanced levels of spasticity to have their autonomy. A biomechanical support device was developed to aid self-catheterisation, mainly aimed at women with spasticity, filling the gap in the existing products. Despite the main objective of self-catheterisation, the system's design made it possible to quantify the strength of the adductors for the sitting position during the execution of the adduction movement, particularly relevant for spastic patients. The device's production was entirely carried out using the FDM methodology, with 3D printers, and its design and operation were thought to overcome the physical and psychological barriers imposed by the users. The system was first tested with a group of healthy volunteers to obtain a pattern of the adductors force in a sitting position and after with a group of spastic volunteers. The obtained data allows to compare the adductor force data and optimize the system, with particular functionalities for spastic patients, with the implementation of a motorised version and a visualization camera. The system, its developments, and results obtained are present and discussed.


The structure and working principle of a novel electro-hydraulic proportional valve are introduced.Under electro-hydraulic proportional valve control requirements,a controller based on ARM MCU and LPC12C14 is designed.The electro-hydraulic proportional displacement digital PID control and PWM driven control technologies are discussed.


DNA fragment assembly is an area which makes intensive use of computers. However, computer users in this field are typically not experts in computer science, but build their working environment on an ad-hoc basis. In this situation, it seems appropriate to offer a kind of support which can contribute to a better organization of working environments, and a better exploitation of computer hardware and software. The authors describe an approach in this direction based on the emerging paradigms of workflow modeling and management. In particular they offer three contributions: first, they discuss why workflow management can be fruitfully adopted in DNA fragment assembly, and describe one way to perceive and model sequencing processes as workflows. Second, they outline an architecture of a system intended to support sequencing applications, whose core component is a workflow management system. Finally, they sketch their experience of building a prototype using commercial workflow management technology.


Training paraprofessionals is vital to providing good service and minimizing turnover. This manual is designed for librarians creating and implementing a training programme for paraprofessionals who will be working in reference services. The process is covered from goal-setting to evaluation.


The shape of Critical Infrastructures (CIs) has changed drastically in recent years, leading them to become interconnected systems with complex interactions. This will be especially true for future power grids, known as "Smart Grids". In such complex systems, one of the main challenges consists in understanding the possible impact of failures on the overall system, and avoiding cascading or escalading effects. In this paper we present an extensible framework for the analysis of failures propagation in power networks, based on model templates developed using the Stochastic Activity Networks formalism. The approach is applied to a case study of a power network, derived from a real system. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach in assessing the impact of failures on the network, both when considering random failures and when performing what-if analyses on specific nodes.


This paper explores the common ideological ground between Islam and Christianity in Nigeria, in the ways in which gender and sexuality are configured in relation to women's bodies. The latter constitute key sites for the inscription of social norms and practices inherent in particular interpretations of religion. We proceed by examining the interplay between religion and politics in historical context and in specific concrete instances. Whilst the religious right among Muslims and Christians share the view that women's bodies are sexually corrupting and therefore in need of control, this perspective is also found in secular institutions. The linkage made between women's bodies and 'public morality' produces diverse forms of gender inequality. The moralising of political economy that these processes entail complicates the terrain on which challenges to the politicisation of religion and its gender politics need to be sustained.


morrow and tomorrow power and light will continue to stream from every waterfall and coal mine, pouring gold into the hands of those proud people who help themselves, and flooding with energy and light that world of humble but patient people who exist mainly to enrich the lives of others? May we relax our grip on present realities and assume that eventually the great masses of the people will be so stupified by physical and mental undernourishment that they will voluntarily support the


When gravitation is combined with quantum theory, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle could be extended to the generalized uncertainty principle accompanying a minimal length. To see how the generalized uncertainty principle works in the context of black hole complementarity, we calculate the required energy to duplicate information for the Schwarzschild black hole. It shows that the duplication of information is not allowed and black hole complementarity is still valid even assuming the generalized uncertainty principle. On the other hand, the generalized uncertainty principle with the minimal length could lead to a modification of the conventional dispersion relation in light of Gravity's Rainbow, where the minimal length is also invariant as well as the speed of light. Revisiting the gedanken experiment, we show that the no-cloning theorem for black hole complementarity can be made valid in the regime of Gravity's Rainbow on a certain combination of parameters.


In this paper, we look at the impact of background risk on optimal prevention with respect to another risk. We carry out our analysis in a two-period framework and use various configurations of background risks defined either in the first or second period, as state-independent or state-dependent. We show that results differ depending on both the nature of the background risk and the properties of the utility function.


Abstract: Tamarindus indica L., commonly known as tamarind, is a multipurpose long-lived tree best known for its fruit. It is indigenous to tropical Africa and exotic to Asia and Central America. India and Thailand are the major tamarind world producers, generating 300 000 and 140 000 tons annually, respectively. There are two main types of tamarind: sour (the most common) and sweet (mostly comes from Thailand). Tamarind can be eaten fresh (ripe or unripe) and it can be consumed processed into different products. In addition to the use of tamarind fruit in food it has many uses in the pharmacological industry and folk medicine. The ripe tamarind pods are susceptible to different pest and diseases, especially when grown in a big plantation. This chapter will describe the nutritional importance and the postharvest handling of tamarind.


The simulated static ecological system was constructed outdoor to study the performance of Potamogeton crispus for water purification and nutrients adsorption under different substrates,depths and water qualities in winter.Results showed that Potamogeton crispus was very effective in removal of the nutrient in water body;adding soil modifier could promote the comprehensive nutrient removal efficiency,the TN,TP,NO-3-N and permanganate index removal efficiency of the treatment adding soil modifier adding was obviously higher than that of treatment without adding soil modifier.Potamogeton crispus presented better water purification performance in water with high nutrient loading,and it was more suitable to growth in water depth of 35 cm.Potamogeton crispus was suitable to be utilized in winter for river water remediation.


There are several studies for extracting ophiolitic rocks using thermal properties. The algorithms developed to discriminate olivine-rich rocks among ophiolite units, even altered to serpentinite. Within this study, it was objected to recognize peridotite group rich in olivine minerals among ophiolitic rocks or mélange, and to map them with distinct boundaries. Besides, these results may point to the chromite occurrences related to dunite rocks as well. These algorithms were applied to ophiolitic units around Cankiri region. Various rock types exist within the area and were mapped during previous studies. Target ophiolitic rocks have extensive outcrops in Eldivan Mountain. The ophiolitic rocks cover most of ophiolitic sequence around the study area. The purpose is to discriminate olivine-rich portions of ultramafic lithologies with their thermal infrared properties. Olivine-rich ultramafic rocks have intense reflection near 10.58 and 11.92 micrometers and absorption around 8.86. Those can be identical for extracting dunite or olivine-rich units using ASTER data. Band ratio algorithms were developed by comparing olivine reference spectra with ASTER TIR bands 12, 13, and 14. Consequently, olivine-rich lithologies were clearly identified, and were checked during ground truth in 15 different locations. Petrographical determinations indicate that 13 of 15 samples are mostly serpentinized but still contain olivine, less orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene as relicts. Additionally, target unit's boundaries were distinctly mapped among ophiolitic mélange within the area.


I. Introduction More than 200 years ago, Sir William Blackstone recognized that: We may observe that punishments of unreasonable severity, especially when indiscriminately inflicted, have less effect in preventing crimes, and amending the manners of a people, than such as are more merciful in general, yet properly intermixed with due distinctions of severity. (3) Despite this, over the last 50 years, the sentences and consequences of a conviction for impaired driving imposed under the Canadian Criminal Code or under provincial Highway Traffic Acts have become more severe and more punitive. Politicians have been unable to resist the political attractiveness of being perceived as "getting tough on crime" through the simplistic and unquestioned assumption that the increased use of mandatory minimum sentences will serve as a deterrent to impaired driving. (4) Harsh mandatory minimum penalties, combined with police and Crown policies of mandatory charging and mandatory prosecution leave a person charged with impaired driving no alternative means available to "resolve" the charge apart from contesting the charges. The combined effects of a policy of mandatory prosecution, coupled with harsh mandatory minimum sentences for impaired driving offences has led to a significantly increased likelihood that a person charged with impaired driving will plead not guilty and take their case to trial. The judiciary, faced with mandatory minimum penalties which are unduly harsh, have accepted numerous technical defences we argue, to avoid their imposition. As a result, the harsh mandatory minimum sentences have led to a decrease in the certainty of punishment for someone charged with impaired driving, and undermined the desired deterrent effect that the mandatory minimum sentences were intended to accomplish. II. Increasing Impaired Driving Sentences in Canada A. Canadian Criminal Code (5) In Canada, the federal Government has jurisdiction over the criminal law, enacted primarily through the Criminal Code. (6) Impaired driving has been recognized as a socially unacceptable behaviour that has been a criminal offence in Canada for over 80 years. (7) The crime of driving while intoxicated was first introduced in Canada as a summary conviction offence in 1921, and was punishable by mandatory minimum penalties of seven, 30 and 90 days jail, respectively, for first, second and subsequent offences. (8) In 1930, an amendment allowed the Crown the option of prosecuting the offence as an indictable offence, in which case the offence was punishable by mandatory minimum sentences of 30 days for a first offence and 90 days for each subsequent offence. (9) The precursor to the modern offence of impaired driving was passed in 1951 as a hybrid offence. The offence carried mandatory minimum penalties of a $ 50 fine, 14 days, and 90 days for first, second, and subsequent offences, respectively. (10) Extensive revisions were made to the Criminal Code in 1969. In the context of impaired driving, the law was amended to permit the use of roadside screening devices. The new offences "driving with more than 80 mg of alcohol per 100 ml. of blood" and "refusal to provide a breath sample" were also introduced and were also punishable on summary conviction by a mandatory minimum fine or $ 50.00.11 In 1976, these offences became hybrid offences, and became punishable by the same penalties for impaired driving of 14 days, and 90 days for first, second, and subsequent offences, respectively. (12) In 1985, the mandatory minimum sentence for a first offence for any of the impaired driving-related offences was increased to $ 300.00, and mandatory federal driving prohibitions of three months, six month and one years were introduced, respectively, for first, second and subsequent offences. The new offences of impaired driving causing bodily harm and impaired driving causing death were also introduced, and were punishable by up to ten and fourteen years' imprisonment respectively. …


Three types of Prussian blue compounds,NaxMyFe(CN)6(M=Fe,Co,Ni),were prepared simply by solution precipitation method and tested as cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries.X-ray diffraction and SEM measurements demonstrated that the prepared materials,namely,NaFeFe(CN)6,Na2CoFe(CN)6 and Na2NiFe(CN)6,exhibited a perfect cubic structure with a particle size of several tens nanometers.Cyclic voltammetric and galvanostatic cycling tests revealed very different electrochemical behaviors of these three materials.The specific capacities of NaFeFe(CN)6 and Na2CoFe(CN)6 could reach 113 and 120 mAh·g-1,respectively,indicating that both Fe(CN)64-and Fe2+/Co2+ ions in the Prussian blue lattices were electrochemically activated.However,Ni ions in the Prussian blue lattice were found to be electrochemically inactive.Therefore,the Na2NiFe(CN)6 delivered a specific capacity of only 64 mAh·g-1 but with quite stable cyclability.These preliminary results suggest a possible use of the Prussian blue compounds as low cost and environmentally benign cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries.


Integral membrane proteins contain the hydrophobic peptide segments spanning lipid hydrocarbon layer and, for functional proteins within the membrane, also contain the amphiphilic peptide segments. The former may be called the "stabilization" peptide and the latter for the "functional" peptide. Membrane proteins in enveloped viruses have the fusion and hemolytic activities. They contain the hydrophobic or amphiphilic peptide segments. We calculate the mean hydrophobicity and the mean hydrophobic moment for these petides and discuss their functions based on these data.


For the problem that mine geological record uses manual recognition for handwritten numbers with low efficiency,the paper proposed an automatic recognition method of handwritten numbers,and introduced steps of color filtering and positioning of number area,number divide,sample training and number recognition in details.The method uses computer image processing technology to locate and identify numbers in specific region automatically,which improves work efficiency.


ABSTRACT This paper explores students and researchers drawings of white blood cell recruitment. The data combines interviews with exhibit of review-type academic images and analyses of student model-drawings. The analysis focuses on the material aspects of bio-scientific data-making and we use the literature of concrete bioscience modelling to differentiate the qualities of students model-making choices: novelty versus reproduction; completeness versus simplicity; and the achievement of similarity towards selected model targets. We show that while drawing on already published images, some third-year undergraduates are able to curate novel, and yet plausible causal channels in their graphic representations, implicating new phenomenal potentials as lead researchers do in their review-type academic publications. Our work links the virtues of drawing to learn to the disclosure of potential epistemic things, involving close attention to the contours of non-linguistic stuff and corresponding sensory perception of substance; space; time; shape and size; position; and force. The paper documents the authority and power students may achieve through making knowledge rather than repeating it. We show the ways in which drawing on the images elicited by others helps to develop physical, sensory, and sometimes affective relations towards the real and concrete world of scientific practice. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Abstract The effect of curing temperature and layering pattern on mechanical and free vibrational properties (natural frequency and damping) of Sansevieria cylindrica/coconut sheath fiber reinforced hybrid unsaturated polyester (USP) composites is discussed. The hybrid composites were compression molded using different layering sequences. Curing was carried out at different temperatures (30°C and 60°C). The results show that Sansevieria cylindrica/USP composites are stronger than the coconut sheath/USP composites. At higher curing temperatures, a significant improvement in strength was observed in all composites and layering pattern also played a vital role in enhancing composite strength, with coconut sheath/Sansevieria cylindrica/Sansevieria cylindrica stack yielding a higher strength compared to the other composites. In addition, curing temperature and layering pattern produced a similar effect on the vibrational characteristics of the composites.


Introduction. Nowadays, the development of the international economic system is mainly due to the innovation processes associated with the creation and initiation of advanced sciences and technologies, which is why the sphere of innovation becomes the most important resource of the nation, and its effectiveness determines the dynamics and progressive development of the national economy.
The purpose of the paper is to investigate the theoretical issues of the essence of risk management of innovative projects.
Results. Innovative modifications at the enterprise are developed and implemented through design. The project is an independent system with innovative content, presented in a document format, limited in time, characterized by risks and high levels of uncertainty due to external environmental factors. The key features of an innovation project are uncertainty, exclusivity, the specific purpose of the project, clearly defined conditions and risks. A large number of threatening and dangerous situations exist in the external and internal environment of companies developing and implementing innovative projects, so the question arises of effective risk management at all stages of project operation and implementation. The study found that integrated risk analysis and the development of a quality innovative project risk management system will maximize opportunities to achieve project goals and minimize costs or adverse events.
Conclusion. The process of development and implementation of innovative projects is associated not only with large investments, but also with risks at all stages of design. In this regard, there is always the question of the effectiveness of the formation of project risk management mechanisms that will improve the profitability of the enterprise and its functioning in the direction of innovative development. The methodology of project risk management clearly proved to be a successful form of management activity. A consistent course of action should be developed to determine the risk for each project that meets the requirements of the particular enterprise. Implementation of risk management of an innovative project into the practice of the enterprise will lead to significant savings of the budget of realization of projects, time of their realization and will improve quality of execution.


The concepts that "the working masses are the primitive forces to create history "and that "the working masses are the basis existence of human society" provide the "human-centered" scientific idea of development with solid philosophic basis. The scientific development idea is human-centered and is in unity with the basic principles of the historic materialism, with the essential tenets of our party and with the basic targets of the socialist movement. It is also in harmony with the important thoughts of Marxism, Mao Zedong Thoughts, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the Three Representatives.


The role of academic network systems was pivotal for the development and expansion of Internet in Latin America. Most of the first Internet points‐of‐presence (POPs) in the region were implemented within the academic and scientific community. Today, deregulation is fostering a wave of competition and privatization through the region. The academic networks are facing a more competitive regulatory environment on the one hand, but also facing strong monopolies of basic telecom services on the other hand. It is necessary for regulatory agencies to establish and enforce clear and open regulations to help the survival of the academic networks. However, it is also necessary for the academic Internet providers to implement creative and aggressive strategies to continue providing communications services to universities, high schools and research and scientific institutions.


Purpose – This paper aims to examine the preferences of students towards different teaching methods and the perceived effectiveness of experiential teaching methods in different operations management (OM) modules.Design/methodology/approach – Student perceptions of different teaching methods and various aspects of an experiential teaching method, in the form of a business simulation game, are examined using survey data from 274 respondents in four small post‐experience and two large pre‐experience OM modules.Findings – The paper's analysis suggests that traditional and experiential teaching methods are both popular with OM students, whilst independent teaching methods are less well liked. Analysis also shows that students on both kinds of OM modules perceive most aspects of the experiential teaching method used in this study (The Operations Game) very positively.Research limitations/implications – This research study was confined to a particular type of experiential teaching method – a business simulation...


1 Department of Psychology, Hamadan Branch of Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran 2 Department of Psychology, Saveh Branch of Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran * Corresponding Author: Narges Zamani, PhD scholar of Psychology, Department of Psychology and Young Researchers and Talents Club, Hamadan Branch of Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran: E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com ; Tel: +989183113279


Silicon photonics is revolutionizing computing, communication and sensing systems. As a result, there is a growing need to teach integrated photonic design, fabrication, testing and packaging principles. The focus of this paper is on an improved fabrication process for silicon waveguides that are compatible with most university cleanrooms (i-line photolithography) Furthermore, we establish a simple process for integrating metal heaters to realize thermo-optic tuning of silicon photonic circuits. The process optimization was performed by running extensive etch tests with PEVCD TEOS and carbon hard masks. PECVD TEOS was prone to erosion, while carbon proved more resilient and was chosen as the best hard mask material. The Photolithography was improved by adjusting the coating thickness of the BARC and resist layer. Etch resistance of the photoresist was improved by a simple curing process. The passive component fabrication is followed by addition of metal heater to thermally tune the waveguides. This optimized fabrication process is executed in a CMOS compatible academic fabrication facility with 365 nm i-line lithography. The bi-layer metal lift off process has Nichrome alloy as the heater metal because of this high electrical resistivity along with less resistive molybdenum for contacts.


Pyloric stenosis is a disease of infants usually from two to six weeks of age who present with a history of vomiting for days or weeks. Douglas (1 U7:!) reviewed the history of the disease, its possible aetiology, diagnosis and treatment. He stated: "The usual signs and symptoms are projectile vomiting (which is non bile stained), loss of weight, visible peristalsis, constipation, hunger after vomits, electrolyte and acid-base disturbances, dehydration and a palpable tumour" . The preoperative assessment of the dehydration together with the associated electrolyte and acid base disturbances is important so that the anaesthetist can adequately resuscitate the infant and avoid possible complications. This paper reviews Ji) consecutive cases of pyloric stenosis at the Adelaide Children's Hospital. The age range was 13 to 76 days, with an average of 38 days. The preponderance of males to females was :) : 1.


On the basis of analyzing the current situation of vocational guidance towards college students,the paper puts forward some suggestions in order to improve its efficiency.


SummaryA description of a 17-year-old male patient with active juvenile rheumatoid arthritis who developed symptoms and signs simulating brain tumor. In carotid angiography there could be seen caliber changes in the vessels of the arteria media group and a distinct expansive process in the left hemisphere. The patient received prednisone, and in a control angiography taken six weeks later the angiographic finding was normal. The rheumatoid inflammatory process remained active during the observation period of one and a half years, but the neurological signs diminished. Rheumatoid factor tests and tests for antinuclear factors were negative, but the patient had a marked increase of immunoglobulins.


We're paying attention on ultrasound irradiation the cancer treatment method using apoptosis of a cell self-destruction program. We think that our method can be expected as a new effective and safety treatment method, if the cells were induced into apoptosis by using ultrasound. In this experiment, ultrasound irradiation experiments, to rat glioma cell line C6 were performed. The experiments were performed by using the standing wave type ultrasound irradiation system at frequency of 150 kHz. Also, we estimated the apoptosis induction after ultrasound irradiation by using Annexin V Assay Kit. We examined apoptosis induction of the cells after 8 hours of ultrasound irradiation. The fluorescence of FITC and PI was observed in the same cells, when ultrasound was irradiated to the cells by applying the continuous sinusoidal wave with voltage of 150 Vpp. It was suggested that the cells wave in the late stage of apoptosis and the stage of necrosis. When irradiated with applied voltage of 213 Vpp, only the fluore...


: Smart Cities take advantage of innovative technologies to improve city-administration, increase the level of interactivity and improve the quality of life of citizens in a community. An important question is whether cities are truly measured in their policies and practices relative to any proposed model. Based on focus-group interview supplemented by an aspect of Q-methodology, this paper investigates how stakeholders prioritize the factors/indicators of cities smartness in the context of Abuja city. The paper addresses the challenges of quantifying the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) needed to monitor the impacts of smartness in emerging economies. To propose a novel framework model, the study analyse the existing models and frameworks for measuring the impacts of Smart Cities with a view to identifying the core indicators that will be unique for cities in emerging economies. The analysis shows that the existing models focused on the identification of indicators of economy, people, governance, environment, mobility, and living. However, the study found that core indicators on infrastructure are omitted. The paper therefore propose collapsing the well-known indicators into three core components of smart cities, namely Smart infrastructure, smart institution and the smart people to have a more holistic assessment of smart cities impacts.


The effect of the application of solid urban waste (SUW) on three different semiarid area soils was studied. Emphasis was on the availability of plant nutrients and heavy metals, as well as on the enzymatic activities of the soils. The soils were treated with 0, 20, and 80 Mg SUW ha‐1 of and incubated at 25°C for 168 days. Both water‐ and EDTA‐extracted Co2+, K+, Na+, Mg2+, Fe3+, Al3+, Zn2+, and Pb2+ were determined after 14, 56, and 168 days. Extracellular, humus‐bound activities of urease, phos‐phatase, BBA‐hydrolyzing protease, and casein‐hydrolyzing protease were determined in soil pyrophosphate extracts. After 168 days, the biodegradation of the organic matter applied to the soils was higher in the clay‐loam soil than in the other soils. The concentration of water soluble cations diminished in the three soils, and EDTA‐extractable cations were retained in the clay and clay‐loam soils but were released in the sandy‐loam soil. Heavy metals did not exceed critical concentrations. Extracellular urease, B...


Summary form only given. Two methods of frequency tuning of the split cavity oscillator have been investigated. The first makes use of the fact that the cavity resonance depends on the total beam current present. As the beam current increases, the cavity is more heavily loaded and the resonant frequency is pulled higher. Frequency tuning is achieved by adjusting the diode gap to increase or decrease the injected current. While this technique works, it has the disadvantage that the beam power must be changed in order to set the frequency. A more suitable method is to modify the cavity itself by inserting a series of inductive posts radially between the outer wall and the central grid. In this way, the operating frequency can be adjusted over a 200-MHz range while maintaining constant tube power. These two techniques have been compared, and the effects of frequency tuning on tube performance and extractor efficiency have been investigated.


New types of marketplace are now becoming viable. They can slash transaction costs, bring new resources into the economy and expand economic opportunity. These markets can be grown by the private sector. But, to deliver their full potential, they need a change in the mindset of government.


We focused on group IV semiconductors, i.e., Ge (Si), containing C, Si (C, Ge), and/or Sn atoms as alternative candidates for poly-Si crystals to achieve higher engineering efficiency in solar cells in this research. The main target of this study was to obtain basic data on atomic configurations, such as bond strain and stable sites for substituted C, Si, and Sn atoms in Ge and for C, Ge, and Sn atoms in Si crystals through first principles analysis. We found that ((C, Si)/C) atoms with smaller covalent radii than (Ge/Si) formed tensile local strain along zigzag bonds in the direction while (Sn/(Ge, Sn)) atoms with larger covalent radii than (Ge/Si) formed compressive local strain. Another important result was that local strains except for zigzag bonds had opposite signs to strains along zigzag bonds. The main results to summarize stable configurations of substitutional IV elements were: (1) C and Sn (Si) atoms were stable at positions next to one another, while Si and Sn atoms were stable at mostly separated positions in Ge crystals. (2) C (Ge) and Sn atoms were stable at positions next to one another, while C and Ge atoms were stable at mostly separated positions in Si crystals. (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Air pollution is a very serious problem facing hznaghou of China. The local government in Hangzhou has implemented lottery system for license plate application, traffic ban in rush-hours and investment in subway system to decrease automobile exhaust. The main research objective of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of these policies on the air pollution. The data analyzed in this paper include four pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2) daily concentration (unit: ?g/m ), which is provided by the Environmental Protection Bureau of Zhejiang province. We use both OLS regression and regression discontinuity analysis to check the effects of the three policies memtion above. From the regression results, we find that the "lottery license plate", "rush hour traffic quota" , and subway system expansion all policies improved air quality in Hangzhou. Acknowledgement : Chunhui Ye gratefully acknowledges China National Science Foundation (Project 71773113) as well as Zhejiang University for financial support.


The experiments reveal the strong narrow band in the spectra of the emission from Au-film on the Cu substrate. The emission was excited by red He-Ne laser in standard geometry for Raman back-scattering experiments. Some additional experiments were made. The set of obtained data did not give enough arguments to make the final conclusion about the nature of this emission. The details of experiments, results, and possible explanations are discussed.


Trustworthiness in an online environment is essential because individuals and organizations can easily be misled by false and malicious information receiving from untrustworthy users. Though existing methods assess users' trustworthiness by exploiting Twitter account properties, their efficacy is inadequate because of Twitter's restriction on profile and tweet size, the existence of missing or insufficient profiles, and ease to create fake accounts or relationships to pretend as trustworthy. In this paper, we present a holistic approach by exploiting ideas perceived from real-world organizations for trust estimation along with available Twitter information. Users' trustworthiness is determined by considering their credentials, recommendation from referees and the quality of the information in their Twitter accounts and tweets. We establish the feasibility of our approach analytically and further devise a multi-objective cost function for the A* search to find a quasi-optimal path between the trust evaluator and the user whose trustworthiness is being evaluated. We also propose an incentive mechanism to increase user participation in the trust evaluation process, and a threat model and trustworthiness measure of referees to thwart the possibility of providing an untruthful recommendation to inflate one's trustworthiness. The efficacy of our proposed approach is validated through experiments using Twitter data and extensive simulation in various scenarios.


This talk is part of IVEC's plenary session discussing educational programs in vacuum electronics from various national perspectives. Here, the position of vacuum electronics in U.S. universities is examined with emphasis on its synergistic relationship with industry and government laboratories. Present dynamics are explored and future possibilities encouraged.


With the arrival of flood period,the urban storm waterlogging attracts more and more widespread attention from different areas.Therefore,the origin of this problem is analyzed,and the practicable solutions are put forward.The superior policy guide on how to solve the urban storm waterlogging is given.It is pointed out that the traditional drainage concept needs to be changed,the great attention should be paid to the construction of urban stormwater facilities,and the investment in the sector should be gradually increased in order to control urban waterlogging entirely.


By tapping on the volume manufacturing capability of the Si CMOS platform, Si photonics can potentially offer costeffective yet high performance optical interface solutions, and will be especially important in short reach applications. Numerous challenges lie ahead for monolithically integrated Si photonics. There are process integration and thermal budget constraints when monolithically integrating individual Si photonic components such as modulators and photodetectors, and also CMOS on the same chip. In this work, the CMOS-compatible monolithic integration of Si modulators and Ge-on-Si photodetectors on the same wafer is demonstrated and the details of performance optimization are also discussed. Besides process compatibility, the modulators and photodetectors should possess high efficiency and the ability to operate at low power supply voltages. The methods to achieve this are also described. The carrier depletion type Si modulators achieved high modulation efficiency and speed (Vπ.Lπ = 2.6 V.cm, 10 Gbps). At 10 Gbps, an extinction ratio of 6 dB was measured in a modulator with 2-mm-long phase-shifters using single-ended drive (VRF = 5 Vpp). Low voltage operation at 3.125 Gbps was also demonstrated using differential drive, which allowed the drive voltage to be reduced to only 1 V (VRF = 1 Vpp). Ge-on-Si photodetectors were integrated by using a selective epitaxial Ge growth process. The performance of such photodetectors was evaluated in terms of speed, responsivity and dark current for different temperatures and operating voltages. It is shown that introducing a low thermal budget post-epitaxy anneal improves the performance of the Ge photodetectors, resulting in significantly improved dark current. The responsivity and speed in the low voltage regime are also enhanced, which enhances low voltage or even short-circuit (VBias = 0 V) operation.


To explain the effect of advisor during training postgraduate from 3 aspects:passing on professional knowledge;heightening ideological quality;career instruction.Come to a conclusion:advisor should play a leading role during training postgraduate.


The description of a new Cimex species, C. emarginatus, and first records of bat-parasitic Cimex species on the Balkan Peninsula, are presented. The rarity of the findings and possible reasons for the absence of Cimex lectularius on bats in the Mediterranean area are discussed.


Abstract A theoretical investigation into the effects of rotation on the burning characteristics of an isolated fuel droplet is presented. Rotation induces a secondary flow in the gas phase inward towards the droplet poles and outward from the equator. Overall, additional heat is transported from the flame to the droplet, enhancing the vaporization and burning processes and shortening the droplet lifetime. Explicit expressions are given for the burning rate and for the variations in the droplet diameter. The distorted flame shape and the modified flame stand-off distance are also determined. Although it enhances the burning, the swirling makes the flame more susceptible to extinction. It is found that when extinction occurs it first takes place locally either at the poles of the flame sheet or at the equator, depending on how far conditions are from stoichiometry


In this report we present results of linear and nonlinear optical properties of colloidal material consisting of triangle silver nanoparticles in distilled water. The nonlinear optical properties of the material were investigated by a Z-scan technique using femtosecond laser pulses with tunable wavelength. Nanoparticle suspension showed distinct spectra with absorption lines, emerging due to the plasmonic properties of the silver nanoparticles. Surface plasmon resonance peak change over a wide range of wavelengths from 400 to almost 1100 nm was observed when the size of silver nanoparticles varied from 20 to 150 nm. In the samples different nonlinear effects such as saturable absorption, two photon absorption and self-focusing were observed when the femtosecond pulse intensity was changed from 1 up to 100 GW/cm 2 .


The district of Strath in Skye, which has so often formed the subject of geological description, has been assigned to me to be mapped in detail for the Geological Survey; and while engaged in this duty, during the past summer and a portion of the autumn, I had occasion to study the complex series of eruptive rocks which extends from Loch Slapin on the west to the Sound of Scalpay and Broadford Bay on the east. Among the features of interest connected with these igneous rocks, special importance attaches to their relations one to another, and this subject has received due attention. The full details will be fitly deferred until the appearance of the official Memoirs; but, with the sanction of the Director-General, I now present to the Society the following brief account of certain minor intrusions of granophyre illustrating a peculiarity which, I believe, has not yet received notice. The granophyres of Skye have been described, as a whole, by Maccullocch, Oeynhausen and von Dechen, J.D. Forbes, Sir Archibald Geiki, Prof. Judd. Despite mineralogical and textural variations, these rocks have a general community of characters, which they share also with rocks of various ages in other regions. The examples to be described, however, present quite exceptional features, which seem to be worthy of examination. They form five distinct intrusions lyinh north and west of Loch Kilchrist and 2 or 3 miles south–west of Broadford (see Map). At this locality occurs a large tract of massive volcanic agglomerate, which has


Soviet and Russian historiography has scarcely dealt with the development of the universities in Eastern Germany from 1945 to 1949, and up to now the historians have made use of a very small portion of the SMAD records only. They have hardly looked into any other archives. Their future task will be to open up and thoroughly investigate all available archives. An additional and most interesting source will be the private records of former SMAD members and of other witnesses of that time just as their memories. The colloquium organized by Professor Heinemann at Gosen was a first step in the direction of tapping these sources, and the author thinks that the discussions at Gosen reflecting the difficulties of the past as well as of the present times in Russia and in Germany will be a most valuable source for future research work. He hopes that there will be a lively cooperation of Russian and German universities.


Online health question-and-answer platforms (OHQPs), where patients post health-related questions, evaluate advice from multiple doctors and select their most preferred answer, are a prominent channel for patients to receive medical advice in China. They are gaining traction globally and have the potential to circumvent resource-based, geographic, or circumstantial barriers that limit access to care. At the same time, they are underregulated in contrast to brick-and-mortar points of care. Ours is the first study to evaluate the quality of healthcare advice promoted by these platforms and to provide insight into how patients respond to advice. We found that, though advice is generally good, patients cannot discern good advice from bad, choose poor advice (when offered) as often as good advice, and do so to a greater extent in vulnerable categories such as pediatrics, cancers/tumors, and internal medicine. Moreover, we found that OHQPs exacerbate care avoidance. Our findings suggest that platform owners and policymakers should ensure that signals of expert consensus are provided to patients to better assist their choices on OHQPs. We also unveiled bad actors on OHQPs, including drug promoters and spammers, indicating that stronger oversight and accountability mechanisms are needed. Physician peer reviewing and auditing can address both problems.


To overcome the current performance wall, data streaming and data-flow computing paradigms have been gradually making their way into the general-purpose domain. However, the proliferation of such paradigms is often hindered by the lack of compilation support, as their execution model is usually incompatible with the internal static single-assignment form used in modern compilers. Accordingly, we propose a new compilation flow that leverages the LLVM infrastructure to automatically extract and encode the memory access pattern and computation data-flow graph with streaming representations. The proposed compilation flow is used to generate code for the recently presented Unlimited Vector Extension, which tackles the shortcomings of vector-length agnostic single-instruction multiple-data extensions by deploying a data streaming paradigm with implicit memory access and loop control. We show that our proposed tool is capable of detecting, representing, and vectorizing a much wider range of loop patterns than existing solutions while providing significant performance gains.


The impressive chemistry shown by porphyrins in natural systems is particularly attractive for exploitation in chemical sensors. In these devices the sensing mechanisms can mimic most of the porphyrin biological reactivity, such as reversible binding, activation of small molecules, redox activity, and photoactivated processes. The simultaneous presence of multiple binding mechanisms allows porphyrins to interact with a large variety of analytes. This feature reduces the selectivity, but prompts the development of sensor arrays, where the cross-selectivity of more sensors is used to classify and identify samples characterized by a complex composition. Since 1995 the Sensors Group of the University of Rome Tor Vergata has exploited these features to prepare sensor arrays based on different transducers and aimed at several applications. These kinds of devices have been reported as electronic noses (gaseous phase analytes) and electronic tongues (liquid phase analytes) to underline that their working mechanis...


untary organizations. Young nobleman Alexis de Tocqueville, when traveling the U.S. in the early nineteenth century, highlighted that Americans are inclined to found voluntary organizations for any purpose you might think of, ranging from sending missionaries to the antipodes to establishing a public library downtown. The same holds true for Max Weber. When he was in the U.S., he also perceived the density of voluntary organizations as an important element of the political culture of the country. In his speech delivered at the inaugural meeting of the German Sociological Society, he even advised his German colleagues to make the study of voluntary organizations a top priority on the sociological research agenda.


PURPOSE: A composition for treating or preventing vitiligo which includes longanae arillus extract is provided to induce re-settlement of color in bleaching area by promoting the cell migration to the epithelial tissue. CONSTITUTION: A composition for treating or preventing vitiligo includes longanae arillus extract as active ingredient. The Longanae Arillus extract is extracted as water, C1-C2 of low class alcohol or a mixture thereof. The C1-C2 of low class alcohol is methanol or ethanol. The Longanae Arillus extract induces the differentiation of melanoblast. The Longanae Arillus extract promotes the migration of the melanoblast. The cosmetic composition for preventing or treating the vitiligo includes the Longanae Arillus extract as active ingredient. The external preparation for skin for preventing or improving the vitiligo includes the Longanae Arillus extract as active ingredient.


The presence of 60,000 m/sup 3/ of CO/sub 2/ at 15 kg/cm/sup 2/ pressure made it necessary to set up a detection and protection system. Instruments to check CO and CO/sub 2/ in the atmosphere carry out measurements continuously, alarm systems give warning if the CO/sub 2/ content increases, and the working areas may be surveyed by a whole series of portable instruments. (auth)


Currently, the demodulation algorithm optimal for the minimum mean squared error criterion (MMSE algorithm) is increasingly used in communication systems. However, as the dimension of this algorithm increases, it is obviously difficult to implement it in practice. The development of modern communication systems requires an increasingly high dimension of the MMSE algorithm. A number of possible methods for implementing the MMSE algorithm are known, among which those that allow the algorithm itself to be implemented accurately, i.e. without loss in noise immunity, can be distinguished. An analysis of the computational complexity of various embodiments of the MMSE algorithm was carried out: the implementation of the MMSE algorithm in the form of a Kalman filter; implementing the MMSE algorithm using the Frobenius bordering method; implementation of the MMSE algorithm using the Frobenius method with division of dimension in half. As a criterion of computational complexity, the total number of arithmetic operations (multiplications, additions and subtractions, as well as divisions) is used, which is necessary for the exact implementation of the analyzed algorithm. Implementation using the Frobenius bordering method allows you to gain a computational total of about 15% compared to implementation using the Frobenius method with division of dimension in half; and a gain of about 25% over the Kalman filter implementation.


Becomes "history of" if it has been treated by surgery, radiation or chemotherapy and there is no current indication of disease.  Patients who have not received treatment for their malignancy should continue to be documented as current and not history of.  Breast and prostate cancer patients receiving long term adjunct therapy can be documented with a current malignancy, as long as treatment is documented and active.


It has been shown that long-term administration of anticonvulsant drugs may result in bone demineralization, 1,2 and abnormal vitamin D metabolism has been implicated as the main cause. 3 Recently, however, serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-[OH] 2 D) levels were found to be within normal range or slightly elevated in patients who were receiving anticonvulsant drugs. 4 Other studies have suggested that metabolic acidosis produced by anticonvulsant drugs is a causative factor of bone demineralization. 5-7 However, in these reports, the serum levels of vitamin D metabolites were not measured. We observed a case of anticonvulsant-induced rickets associated with renal tubular acidosis with a normal level of 1,25-(OH) 2 D and a reduced level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) in the serum. Report of a Case .—A severely handicapped institutionalized 12-year-old girl


In order to establish a path from source to destination with less routing cost, we propose a directional probabilistic algorithm to broadcast RREQ packets toward the destination. Without any positioning system, the algorithm uses encounter records to predict the direction to destination and sets different forwarding probability for different intermediate nodes. The simulation results show that our algorithm saves 70% routing cost compared to flooding and 20% compared to pure probabilistic algorithm. Furthermore, the new algorithm also shows good performance in other aspects.


I thought that I was fairly up to date in my knowledge of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), having read Peterson's (2003) book Mild Cognitive Impairment: Aging to Alzheimer's Disease and attending Smith and Machulda's (2008) presentation ''Mild Cognitive Impairment: Current Concepts and Controversies'' at the 2008 American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology (AACN) meeting. However, there are some topics that were not covered by these previous efforts. In fact, a lot of additional research and clinical findings have occurred since 2003, which was not covered in the AACN talk. Burns and Morris's (2008) book, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early Alzheimer's Disease: Detection and Diagnosis (John Wiley & Sons) filled in many of the missing blanks for me. Even better, the entire book can be read in 2 hours—on an airplane flight! But there is a reason that the reading time was so short and that the size of the book is relatively small: not even a small portion of the vast literature documenting the value neuropsychological assessment in the differential diagnosis of MCI and AD was included. One wonders if only a neuropsychologist would regard this as a glaring omission! There is no portion of the book devoted to neuropsychology per se, except for a few paragraphs on what amounts to screening measures (Mini Mental Status Examination, Clock Drawing Test, 7-minute screen). Undoubtedly this is a serious weakness of the book, at least for the readership of The Clinical Neuropsychologist. Was this omission because the text was written by two physicians who have a particular (medical) bias in their approach to the differential diagnosis of the dementias? Or is it because the text was simply directed toward a different audience


This research aims to 1) study the theory of strengthening the community and for the principle of strengthening the principles of Buddhism and 2) to study the involvement of the clergy in. building a strong community of communities Chuk West Coast and East Coast.  The study found that the strength of the community. Basis of a conscience that would like to participate in mutual aid. To fix problems in the community unity. Communities are able to analyze problems Judgment and choice to successfully develop solutions to other problems. What happens in the community Autonomous communities with the ability and quality of life improved.  People in the community have a passion for the preservation of the unity of the marketing year. Which is the center of life in the community. From the past to the present the priest is the center of faith. Act Promoting the Buddhist. So that people in the community Born interactions It also serves to promote the spiritual development of the community is strengthened. And the development seedlings or the youth of the community is a good Srisuphanthavorn. Which is to foster a strong Buddhist monks outside of the community, but also nurture a foundation for young people. There is a strong spiritual can culture Life in the community to continue to strengthen.


Deep-ultraviolet nonlinear optical crystal, a class of functional materials, is the core material in hotolithography, micro-machining and high resolution photoelectric spectrometer.These crystals are classified here by their structural building unit into two categories: those with a π-conjugated system (including borates, carbonates and nitrates) and those with a non-π-conjugated system (such as phosphates, sulfates, and silicates).Their crystallographic structure, major optical properties (including linear and nonlinear optical properties), and strategies of their syntheses are summarized.This brief review should shed some useful light on future explorations of novel deep ultraviolet nonlinear optical crystals.


Abstract This article seeks to shed more light on the consequences of China's aid to and trade with African states. It attempts to answer two questions: First, does China's 'no-strings-attached' policy in Africa constitute a challenge to Western aid paradigms? Second, is there as an emerging state-sponsored Chinese model of 'effective governance', guided by a south-south vision of mutuality, equality and reciprocity at work? It is argued that China's Africa watchers are cautious, not wanting to project any false hopes into bilateral relationships with African countries. In the light of China's reform experience, these analysts propose that indigenous contexts should determine what developmental model to choose. China is unwilling to force its experiences of 'a market economy with Chinese characteristics' upon other nations. The article concludes by arguing that, although not unproblematic, there is reason to be positive about China's higher profile in Africa.


Social entrepreneurship is a unique entrepreneurship which is totally driven by the societal problems. Business entrepreneurship focuses on wealth creation and is of interest because of its potential to fuel economic development whereas social entrepreneurship focuses on 'making the world a better place' and creating social capital. Social entrepreneurs are driven by an ethical obligation and desire to improve their communities and societies. In this back drop an attempt is made to highlight the importance, ethics and preparation of young social entrepreneurs. All the relevant data was collected through review of available literature.


Disintegration of sunspots (and starspots) by fluxtube erosion, originally proposed by Simon and Leighton, is considered. A moving boundary problem is formulated for a nonlinear diffusion equation that describes the sunspot magnetic field profile. Explicit expressions for the sunspot decay rate and lifetime by turbulent erosion are derived analytically and verified numerically. A parabolic decay law for the sunspot area is obtained. For moderate sunspot magnetic field strengths, the predicted decay rate agrees with the results obtained by Petrovay and Moreno-Insertis. The new analytical and numerical solutions significantly improve the quantitative description of sunspot and starspot decay by turbulent erosion.


The prevalence of obesity and the number of bariatric surgical procedures performed annually have increased during the past 20 years. Unfortunately, some bariatric surgical patients do not achieve meaningful weight loss or regain lost weight over time. The possibility that endoscopic therapies may lead to significant weight loss for these patients without the morbidity associated with revisional surgical procedures is appealing. It is not surprising that a number of companies have brought endoscopic devices designed to address this issue to market in recent years. It is likely that weight regain after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is related to a combination of factors, including behavioral, anatomic, physiologic, and genetic mechanisms. In fact, the exact mechanism of weight regain after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is unknown. A recent systematic review1 determined that endoluminal procedures for weight regain tend to be well tolerated with limited efficacy. An article2 jointly published by the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and the American Society for Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery recommends that endoscopic bariatric therapies be evaluated on end points, including weight loss, safety, efficacy, and durability. I commend Dr Eid and colleagues for designing a prospective sham-controlled trial to evaluate such a device, for stopping the trial when their primary end point was not met, and for publishing a negative result.3 Endoscopic bariatric revisional procedures should be performed in wellinformed patients in the context of a registered, adequately controlled clinical trial. Only then will we be able to determine whether we are on the right track.


ABSTRACT This study examines the effects of real earnings management on accounting conservatism, based on 2,121 A-share listed firms in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2005 to 2017. The results indicate that real earnings management has a significant negative impact on listed firms' accounting conservatism. The real earnings management based on loss avoidance, seasoned equity offerings (SEO), maintaining growth and reversing loss reduces accounting conservatism, while that based on earnings smoothing incentive improves accounting conservatism. Real earnings management of firms with poor corporate governance has a more significant impact on accounting conservatism than firms with good corporate governance. The findings also offer reference for further strengthening listed firms' financial supervision, improving corporate governance structure, and promoting the healthy development of the securities market.


Practicing mindfulness can offer people living with long-term conditions, such as dementia, a higher quality of life by focusing on the present and living in the moment. Aysha Mendes and Sarah Jane Palmer discuss two recent studies in this area of care


Several research projects about ECG signal processing have been made by proponents from different countries, most of which focused on the portability, accessibility and interpretations presented. The projects implemented algorithms which only eliminated a certain number of ECG noise artifacts. ECG-NI, on the other hand, is a research project which aims to create a signal smoothing algorithm using a new technological platform – the NI LabVIEW. By using NI LabVIEW and its compatible hardware device, the NI ELVIS, the proponents created a system which eliminates noise artifacts such as Baseline Wander, Wideband Noise and Power Line Interference for a 12 lead ECG reading. The signal processing was done through the use of LabVIEW's virtual instruments (VIs). Aside from eliminating noise, it also provides readings and pre-diagnostic interpretations as well as the option to export the waveform for reference. ECG-NI was subjected to noise immunity, accuracy and user-friendliness tests. Based on the results of these tests, ECG-NI is noise immune in terms of the ECG signal read due to its high signal-to-noise ratio, the accuracy was acceptable since previous studies only focused on certain noise artifacts without verifying the accuracy of the preprocessed signal. The user-friendliness of ECG-NI was determined through surveying cardiologists. Hence, the proponents were able to create a signal smoothing algorithm using NI LabVIEW and NI ELVIS which was noise immune, accurate and user-friendly.


The invention relates to a disparity estimation method between images constituting a stereoscopic image. The method includes - in a first step, to achieve the same hierarchical decomposition of each image (Id (t), Ig (t), monoscopic, by levels of resolution, by forming at least three pyramids of images of increasing resolutions, one pyramid of images low frequencies and two high frequencies pyramids of images according to the horizontal and vertical directions of the images; (CF DRAWING iN BOPI) coarsest resolution and to refine the estimate in each level progressively as the resolution increases . Application: treatment of special effects of stereoscopic images.


The purpose of this Information Bulletin (IB) is to provide for Extension of timeline and due dates on Tier I and Tier II Fiduciary Agent Deliverables under the FY 2007 Supplemental Port Security Grant Program (PSGP). The information contained in this bulletin should be considered an addendum to the Fiscal Year (FY) 2007 Supplemental PSGP Guidance. All other programmatic requirements remain unchanged. Actual deliverables remain unchanged.


Effect of a new planting technique i.e. planting sugarcanc 90 cm apart double row strips, on cane yield, intercropping and sowing of irrigation water was studied. Experiment was conducted at Shahkot and Lahore sites. Turnip, garlic and cauliflower were intercropped. After the harvest of intcrcrops 49 furrows of 88 cm width each were made. There was 20-28% saving in irrigation water and 14-60% increase in cane yield as compared with traditional method of planting sugarcane in 60 cm apart single rows. Intereropping of garlic in 90 cm apart double row strip gave the highest net income of Rs. 57854 ha".


This paper considers the wireless indoor localization problem and aims at improving the localization precision for advanced medical and industrial applications. We propose an enhanced machine learning approach based on the support vector regression (SVR) model, with the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) values as features. The proposed method incorporates the ensemble learning concept and a new weight assignment scheme for ensemble learning. Numerical results demonstrate improved prediction performance of the proposed scheme in comparison with common machine learning techniques for localization such as artificial neural network (ANN), k-nearest neighbor (k-NN), and conventional SVR in simulated indoor environments.


As originally planned, the war on poverty was to be co-ordinated at the Washington level by the Office of Economic Opportunity and in each community by a community-action agency (CAA). But neither institution succeeded in that purpose: Sargent Shriver chose to make OEO an operating rather than a co-ordinating agency; in the communities, the CAA's lacked the power to enforce co-ordination among community institutions and, in any case, like OEO, became absorbed in operating programs—and sometimes in organizing protest. To fill the vacuum, the federal government created a new co-ordinating structure for urban programs—Model Cities—that has proved successful to a promising degree. The federal government needs to conceive a single system for co-ordination of intergovernmental programs, extending from the Executive Office of the President to the neighborhood. In the cities, it should be built upon the Model Cities mechanism; in nonurban areas, upon multicounty organizations created by the states. The entire system should be overseen by a unit of the Executive Office of the President, created or designated for that purpose. It should have regional staff that would, among other things, develop their roles in the intergovernmental system on an individualized basis with the states.


Blisk is a new integrated structure of blades and disk widely used in the new aero-engine with high performance and the power equipment for missiles all over the world. The structures of aero-engine parts are innovated by the application of this technique. To research the parts with new structures, new design methods are needed to realize the design of manufacture roughcast. The design principles and methods proposed in this paper are the important composing parts of series manufacture techniques in applying the blisk technology.


кризис, не-легальный, кризис, СМИ, безработица, демократия, Черная Африка, Сеута, Мелилья, Канарские острова, Марокко, выдворение, мафия, спираль Бруно. The article deals with the problem of illegal immigration to Spain mainly from sub-Saharan Africa. It provides an overall perspective of the phenomenon in terms of its origin, development, stimulating factors. «Black» immigration is seen as an internal problem of the state and the phenomenon of international scope. Representatives of different political forces and social movements consider the problem in ambiguous way and there are different ways to solve it, but the question remains open.


Between 1998 and 2005, Russia's hydrocarbon exports increased in value terms by a factor of 5.3—from $28 billion to $148.9 billion. Many specialists view the growing influx of petrodollars not only as a positive factor of economic growth but also as a cause of high inflation and excessive appreciation of the ruble; they also hold that it slows down the development of manufacturing industry, agriculture, and high-technology branches of the economy. They draw analogies between the current economic situation in Russia and the "Dutch disease" that was observed in the 1970s in the Netherlands in connection with the exploitation of gas deposits in the North Sea. At a session of the Council for Competitiveness and Entrepreneurship on September 6, 2006, the chairman of the government of the RF referred to this disease. What then is the "Dutch disease"? Has Russia really come down with it? How dangerous is it for the country's economy and how is it to be cured? Economists have no agreed view on these questions.


Effects of four different kinds of coated urea on corn growth were studied by pot experiment.These coated fertilizers were appraised by their impact on available N,urease activities,corn biomass and nitrogen utilization.According to corn biomass,improvement of CRF-16 is remarkable with 30.67% more than that of ck.Compared with the other treatments,the N utilization of CRF-16 is the most highest.It is 19.16% more than ck.Urease activities of these four coated fertilizers kept down in prophase.In the flush period of corn,the urease activities increased.It promoted N release.Available-N of coated fertilizers increased in anaphase of corn.It related to N controlled release in the front stage and more release in the later stage.


ABSTRACT Fresh and preserved specimens of Aristaeomorpha foliacea caught in the Sicilian Channel were examined in order to establish a macroscopic scale for the rapid determination of sexual maturity in females. Four macroscopic criteria were identified as being useful for classification under difficult field conditions. The scale was tested against a microscopic examination of ovarian histological preparations, and corresponding stages were identified on the same specimens with good macro/microscopic agreement. Both procedures were compared to the gonadosomatic index method which, although less practical, may also prove to be a robust indicator of maturity. Practical uses for the proposed scale are given.


&NA; 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) is the major resin monomer that is released from incomplete polymerized dental restorative and adhesive biomaterials during dental therapy. Autophagy and apoptosis are biologically connected and the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis is complex under various circumstances. This study aimed to determine whether autophagy is activated by HEMA and further explore the function of autophagy during the HEMA‐induced apoptosis of dental mesenchymal cells (DMCs). We exposed DMCs to different concentrations of HEMA. Cell viability showed a time‐ and concentration‐dependent decrease when exposed to HEMA. We showed that HEMA exposure increased autophagic vacuoles and the expression of autophagic biomarkers (Beclin1, Atg5 and LC3). Pre‐incubated with autophagy inhibitors (3‐methyladenine and chloroquine) significantly prevented HEMA‐induced apoptosis. Interestingly, HEMA initiated nuclear factor‐&kgr;B (NF‐&kgr;B) expression and nuclear translocation, whereas the NF‐&kgr;B inhibitor (Bay 11‐7082) markedly suppressed HEMA‐induced autophagic activation and apoptosis. As is consistent with the in vitro results, HEMA treatment resulted in dental pulp tissue toxicity and activation of typical autophagic vacuoles in the tooth slice organ culture model ex vivo. In summary, we demonstrated that NF‐&kgr;B signaling functioned upstream of HEMA‐inducecd autophagy in DMCs and that the activation of NF‐&kgr;B‐autophagy axis was responsible for HEMA‐induced apoptosis. Our findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms of resin monomer‐mediated dental pulp damage during dental treatment, highlighting the activation of NF‐&kgr;B‐autophagy axis as an important mechanism of HEMA‐mediated apoptosis.


Treatises of natural history, when discussing a population or species, often refer to an animal by means of the definite article, e.g. "the boar." They invoke thereby a curious creature which is at once both singular and plural, an example of what Derrida would call the general singular. We are given an ideal, Platonic boar, an essence which effaces the specificity of individuals. Similarly, digital games like Titan Quest depict each of their animals by means of a single character model: every boar is indistinguishable from her fellows. The virtual animals of Titan Quest, however, are encountered by players as individuals: we meet each time a particular adversary or ally, and we experience, to our cost or benefit, their personal strength and power (virtus).


Clustering graphs annotated with feature vectors has recently gained much attention. The goal is to detect groups of vertices that are densely connected in the graph as well as similar with respect to their feature values. While early approaches treated all dimensions of the feature space as equally important, more advanced techniques consider the varying relevance of dimensions for different groups. In this work, we propose a novel clustering method for graphs with feature vectors based on the principle of spectral clustering. Following the idea of subspace clustering, our method detects for each cluster an individual set of relevant features. Since spectral clustering is based on the eigendecomposition of the affinity matrix, which strongly depends on the choice of features, our method simultaneously learns the grouping of vertices and the affinity matrix. To tackle the fundamental challenge of comparing the clustering structures for different feature subsets, we define an objective function that is unbiased regarding the number of relevant features. We develop the algorithm SSCG and we show its application for multiple real-world datasets.


CTR welcomes letters to the editor. Please note that letters may be edited for length. Due to our production schedule there may be a two issue delay before publication.


The ethno-biological value of hornbills in the Philippines are largely scattered in the local literature, and this paper represents a compilation of these local traditions and practices. Various ethno- linguistic groups emulate the signifi cance of hornbills in their language and artifacts, which show similarities with other cultures in Asia and Africa. Importance of nine endemic species hornbills is well established among a number of different indigenous people in the Philippine islands. Their value varies from a basis for telling time or bringer of bad omen, to a source of food and local medicine. Among indigeous tribes of Northern Luzon, hornbills adorn headdresses (Yangnoh, Panglao), used as jewelry (Batling) and as basis for ceremonial dances (Tariktik). Hornbills are also found in several literary accounts such as fables, poems and songs, but are limited and require further research. Local beliefs are often patterned from behavior and have either negative or positive effects. Derivatives of vernacular names appear to be varied across major regional languages, from the onomatopoeic Tarictic to the widely used Kalaw. Offi cial Filipino names for all 15 Philippine hornbills are proposed. The signifi cance of these diverse uses and traditions may have implications to the conservation of these endemic Philippine hornbills. This paper was presented at the 5 th International Hornbill Conference jointly organised by the National Parks Board (Singapore) and the Hornbill Research Foundation (Thailand), in Singapore on 22 nd -25 th March


were learning it from their children. This is why nine out of Israel's twenty-four newspapers are published in languages other than Hebrew, the official language of the country. Of the nine non-Hebrew newspapers, one is published in Arabic, which is a recognised language-even for use in the Knesseth (parliament) by Arabic-speaking members; one in English, which had been an official language in pre-state days; one in French, which Israel has adopted as the language of her diplomacy; two in German; and one each in Hungarian, Polish, Rumanian, and Yiddish. All these


Investigation on the influence of courtship feeding on fecundity of Conocephalus maculatus was studied during November, 2016 to April 2018. The spermatophylax produced by the male is eaten by the female over the following 4 hours after copulation and this had an influence on the number of eggs produced by C. maculatus. However, there was no significant difference in the weight and length of the eggs produced. Feeding on an extra spermatophylax resulted in more number of eggs, increased weight and length of eggs being produced per day. Females preferred to oviposit their eggs in the leaf sheaths of Panicum maximum and the incubation period ranged between 14-39 days. Most of the eggs hatched within two hours after midnight although the eggs began to hatch from 18hrs and ended by 12 hrs in the afternoon of the next day.


Education and basic research are large costs to society, which governments, in general, accept as a necessary long-term investment. Still, it is fair to ask how this investment can be used to the best overall benefit for society. Many excellent reports and talks [1–5] describe how basic research, motivated by "curiosity" — the desire to extend our understanding of nature — contributes as much to innovation as do the applied sciences, which focus on solving specific problems. Both stimulate industry and advance technology. Consider the core technologies of high energy particle physics. Accelerator applications range from killing bacteria and treating cancer, to welding and cutting, hardening materials, reducing harmful gas emissions from thermal power plants, and much more. Particle detectors are not only ubiquitous in medical imaging; they are also used, for example, by volcanologists and archaeologists to image sites of potential interest. Computer simulation toolkits developed for particle physics have become essential in other fields, including medicine, aerospace, and nano-science. Complex instruments and cutting-edge technologies are required for the construction and operation of accelerators and intricate detectors, as well as for managing the wealth of data they produce. When existing technologies are inadequate to meet requirements, developments are triggered that often give rise to technological innovations. Most famously, the World Wide Web, which was invented at CERN in the late 1980s to allow automatic sharing of information for scientists, has revolutionized global communication with enormous social and economic impact. Three decades later, data-handling and analysis needs for research at the LHC continue to push forward the evolution of worldwide distributed grid computing, bringing benefits to bio-computing and health sciences, astrophysics, environmental studies, and others.


In this paper, a new computational kinematical-kinetical model is introduced which was created in the MSC.ADAMS program system. To make the knee model more realistic, the geometry was mapped from MRI images. The aim of the model development is to analyze the motions of the inner joint (sliding and rolling properties) during the flexion of the knee.


Diffuse gliomas occur at all ages, but their incidence is highest among older adults [7]. They have astrocytic or oligodendroglial morphologies and are represented across WHO grades II–IV. In childhood, they are uncommon, presenting less frequently than the broad range of pediatric circumscribed gliomas, particularly pilocytic astrocytoma, and a few glioneuronal tumors, e.g., ganglioglioma [16]. The genetically defined IDH-mutant diffuse gliomas and the diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant were introduced in the 2016 edition of the WHO classification [13]. In that update of the classification, IDH-wt/H3-wt diffuse gliomas are currently assigned to IDH-wt or NOS (not otherwise specified) diagnoses based upon morphology, grade, and IDH status when available. However, this scheme masks a heterogeneity that has implications for outcome and treatment; IDH-wt/H3-wt tumors with the same histologic features can harbor distinct genetic alterations and can demonstrate significantly different clinical outcomes and responses to targeted chemotherapy, all of which might influence the selection of an optimal adjuvant therapy. IDH-wt/H3-wt diffuse gliomas, arising mainly in middleaged adults, with WHO grade II/III histologic features and either combined chromosome seven gain and chromosome ten loss, or a TERT promoter region mutation, or EGFR amplification have a relatively aggressive behavior, with outcomes that are marginally better than those of IDH-wt glioblastomas [2, 4]. In contrast, historic studies of WHO grade II diffuse gliomas from children and adolescents, which we now know must be dominated by IDH-wt/H3-wt tumors with either a BRAFV600E mutation, an FGFR alteration, or a MYB or MYBL1 rearrangement, describe an indolent clinical behavior and rare anaplastic progression [3, 8, 18, 23, 24]. Patients with these tumors generally have a prolonged disease course and good overall survival, despite suffering significant morbidity during their chronic disease. In the context of this heterogeneity, WHO grading and the term 'low-grade glioma' have diminished utility; entirely different approaches to the post-operative management of a WHO grade II diffuse glioma from each of these two genetic categories would be appropriate. Therefore, the cIMPACT Steering Committee decided that it would be valuable for our working committee to complement the recommendations of 'Update 3′ by addressing the heterogeneity among IDH-wt/H3-wt diffuse gliomas from the perspective of pediatric practice and focusing on tumors from the latter genetic category [2].


Origami/kirigami of flexible electronics is a promising way to produce 3D electronics because well‐developed silicon‐based technologies can be used for the planar circuitry layout. However, it is still a challenge to enable general row and column control lines to develop 3D addressable sensory and display systems. This study addresses this issue via selective plasticization of an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) film with N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) through polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic channels. The use of DMF provides plasticization in a controllable manner because of the fast absorption of the DMF in the liquid phase during the plasticization process, a prolonged retention time of DMF in the ABS film at room temperature during the transformation process, and fast desorption at 60– 80 °C for the deplasticization process. The use of microfluidic channels allows high‐resolution selective plasticization to enable extreme cases of local bending or even folding inward and outward, thereby enabling tucking‐based origami with no crack generation. The lamination of membrane‐type electronic devices to an ABS film followed by selective plasticization and transformation enables nondisruptive tucking‐based origami at the electronics level, such as for the demonstration of a hexahedral light‐emitting diode (LED) array with general row and column control lines.


The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing an organic thin film transistor substrate. The method of manufacturing an organic thin-film transistor substrate is a step and a channel region to define a channel region to the source electrode and the drain electrode on the step and the gate insulating film to form a gate insulating film on the step and the gate electrode for forming a gate electrode on a substrate and in the neutralizing step and the area provided by the step and the bank insulating film for forming the bank insulating film on the source electrode and the drain electrode comprises the step of forming an organic semiconductor layer. According to the present invention minimizes the photolithography process and etching process during chemical damage of the gate insulating film can be prevented from deteriorating characteristics of the organic thin film transistor.


This study focuses on the Russian-speaking immigrants and examines how they view the Russian organized crime activities in The Netherlands and what differences are between their perceptions and those of the Dutch authorities. The material derives from observations of the author, observations of respondents and interviews with officials interpreted in the context of personal experiences of respondents, before and after their migration from the former Soviet Union to The Netherlands. These attitudes and opinions deal with questions of ethnic identity, experiences with various representatives of Dutch society, including government, police and justice officals, journalists and others. The data gathering for the research lasted from March 1999 to March 2001. Many contacts with Russian-speakers, however, were established earlier, before the formal beginning of the fieldwork. The core of the authors fieldwork is based on daily contact with twelve to fourteen informants and their families, weekly meetings with about sixteen to eighteen others, open conversations (interviews) with 38 Russian-speaking legal and fourteen illegal immigrants and interviews with officials from the various relevant institutions and organizations.


ABSTRACT Various theories, theoretical viewpoints and models on consumer behaviour stipulate consumers' offline and online behaviour when purchasing a product or using a service. This article deviates from the purchasing perspective and instead proposes an information and web-based communication message 'seeking and consumption1 perspective. This new perspective is theoretically grounded in two new approaches to online consumer behaviour: the web-based communication exposure and internal psychological behavioural processes approaches; as well as the integration of various theoretical perspectives, approaches, theories and models that address fragments of offline and online consumer behaviour. The research problem is to address the existing limited and fragmented approaches, because existing purchasing perspectives arguably do not provide adequate theoretical criteria to explain online consumer behaviour during interactive information-seeking and consumption activities. Hence, the main aim of this article is to propose new theoretical criteria for online consumer behaviour to address these shortcomings.


The mixed syntax of complementation in the languages at hand seems to be the result of intensive language contact. It cannot be an accident that the mixture is found where the Indo-Aryan model is weak and heavily influenced by Dravidian. Geographically, the relevant languages form a belt along the frontiers of Dravidian territory, with an extension into the North-Eastern regions. It will be argued that the syntax of these languages cannot meet with an explanatory account as long as the coexistence of the two typological models of complementation is not properly acknowledged. As the comparison with Germanic


O ver the past 15 years, multiple graduate medical education training programs have established global health career pathways. These tracks, some of which have benefited from decades of experience with short-term elective rotations, were developed in response to the sustained interest of a steady stream of medical school graduates intent on shaping their careers to address global health disparities. In this issue of the Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 2 articles highlight the promises and challenges faced by graduates of global health programs. Palazuelos and colleagues describe the early career paths of graduates of a global health residency program at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. Though the majority of graduates were engaged in a career in global health, they faced substantive challenges, including ill-defined career pathways, a lack of institutional support and long-term mentorship, relatively low salaries, educational loan debt, and expanding family obligations. In a second article, Brown and colleagues systematically reviewed job postings of major global health employers seeking physicians for overseas placement. Having previous overseas experience, a master's degree, and language skills were frequently listed as desirable qualifications, and many global health employment opportunities involved administrative or public health skills. Taken together, these studies highlight the uphill battles that many graduates of global health training programs face early in their careers. Aspiring global health physicians are typically idealistic individuals who demonstrate remarkable commitment and unique talents. Arguably, the most successful graduates of global health training programs demonstrate an existential commitment to health equity, the depth of which motivates them to overcome myriad challenges. The physicianphilosopher and Holocaust survivor Viktor Frankl writes in Man's Search for Meaning (quoting Friedrich Nietzsche), ''He who has a why to live for can bear almost any how.'' My own experience with individuals pursuing advanced global health training is that their deep understanding of human dignity and their dedication to human flourishing grounds their commitments to health equity. It is not surprising, then, that graduates of such programs often settle for lower-paying salaries, extend their training, dedicate extra time to learn new skills, forge new collaborations, and are prepared to give up many creature comforts of life in the United States. These are highly motivated, inspired, and often inspiring individuals who are a joy to mentor and to coach. But how do we help them navigate early career transitions, institutional expectations, and family obligations? The path forward is through strong mentorship and solid institutional commitments. Those based in academic settings need faculty mentors who provide dispassionate, informed career guidance, serve as life coaches, and advocate within and beyond their institutions for their mentee's engagement with health disparities. The best global health mentors nudge trainees toward better selfunderstanding, not only of their strengths and weaknesses across various competency domains but also how vocational fulfillment (whether in research, education, clinical care, administration, or policy) can be married to a particular global health need. And graduates of global health training need to earn a reasonable wage. According to the Association of American Medical Colleges' 2018 questionnaire, 72% of graduating medical students carry outstanding loans, with a median debt of $195,000. For some, substantive salary support comes from clinical activities that can easily be blocked in shifts, such as hospitalist positions for internists and pediatricians (nearly 60% of graduates from the Brigham and Women's Hospital Residency in Global Health Equity were engaged in global health careers as hospitalists), laborist positions for obstetricians, and emergency medicine positions. These roles may be more conducive to work overseas than positions with extensive outpatient responsibilities. For trainees seeking to build global health careers in the research arena, navigating funding can be daunting. Experienced research mentorship is critical to guide mentees toward appropriate funding opportunities and to offer constructive feedback on manuscripts and grant proposals. Those aspiring to research-oriented global health careers may particularly benefit from early career opportunities for advanced training in research methods, such as MSc-Global Health, MPH, and PhD programs. Recognizing the particular value of DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/JGME-D-18-00660.1


A WHILE AGO a company of Japanese Noh players visited my home town, Charlottesville, Virginia, and I watched some of their per formances. I was struck by their impossibly slow and sudden, incisive movements, neither gesture nor pantomime nor dance in any Western sense, but a kind of studious surrender to vectors outside human agency. I felt sometimes that they were performing a karate designed to injure the air, other times that they aspired, through their deep rough intonation, to be organ-pipes or conduits of wind. Like most of the audience I left in a state of happy confusion, and yet, though we had seen little and under stood less, we had attained a better acquaintance with the Noh theater than had Yeats or Pound or any of those early twentieth-century poets who hoped to find a sort of dramatic salvation through the purity and severity of the Noh drama. This essay does not treat the actual practice of the Noh ?I could not do this in any case?but treats certain exuberant fantasies bred in considerable ignorance of the Noh theater. This invention by means of imitating a misunderstood precedent is a more usual state of affairs than it may seem, for the great renewals in the history of art have often found it convenient to claim the prestige of some extremely remote sanction: when the opera originated in Florence, at the end of the six teenth century, its inventors claimed to be reviving the musical drama of classical Greece. Of course Peri and Caccini and Vicenzo Galilei knew al most nothing about the music of classical Greece, and the little they thought they knew turned out to be wrong; but this pleasant hope of recovery of long-forgotten aesthetic truth allowed their imaginations the necessary freedom for invention. What the Greek theater was to time, the Noh theater was to space: a settled and elaborate body of conventions ex isting at a great distance and susceptible to almost any interpretation. I do not mean that Yeats and Pound did not do everything they could to discover what the reality of the Noh theater was; it is simply that there was little they could do in England in 1913 to educate themselves properly. When Yeats in 1916 wrote his essay on the Noh, "Certain Noble Plays of Japan," he complained that the war had required the closing of the Print


Metal‐sequestering innate immune proteins participate in the host/pathogen interaction. The S100 protein family includes calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9), psoriasin (S100A7), and S100A12, and these proteins exhibit antimicrobial activity that results from their ability to chelate transition metals in the extracellular space and thereby reduce the availability of essential metal nutrients to pathogens. Calprotectin is a versatile metal‐sequestering protein that can capture a number of divalent first‐row transition metals at an unusual hexahistidine site, whereas psoriasin and S100A12 can selectively deplete zinc. Recent biochemical and biophysical studies that address the coordination chemistry and host‐defense function of these abundant human proteins will be presented.


The invention discloses a parking lot vehicle control method. The method comprises steps of: after charging operation is performed on a vehicle, receiving a license plate identification device corresponding to a charging pile and identifying a license plate number of the charged vehicle; when receiving a request that the vehicle leaves a parking lot exit or a request of electronic payment, acquiring vehicle payment information corresponding to the license plate received from a cloud end, wherein the vehicle payment information comprises charging payment information and parking payment information; and when the payment operation corresponding to the vehicle payment information is not finished, deducting the parking cost and the charging cost corresponding to the payment operation from a third-party system associated to the license plate number, and directly controlling a controller at the parking lot exit to open a gate at the parking lot exit when the vehicle leaves the parking lot gate. The invention also discloses a parking lot vehicle control device. According to the invention, intelligent processes of parking lot management are accelerated and efficiency of parking lot vehicle control is increased.


Gonococcal disease is a sexually transmitted infection. The responsible agent is Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Disseminated gonococcal infection results from blood dissemination of N. gonorrhoeae from its mucosal first site of infection. In our cases, two patients had systematic lupus erythematous, in which one patient developed a dermetitis-arthritis syndrome and the other patient developed a febrile polyarthritis. The third patient was a healthy female who developed a dermetitis-arthritis syndrome. The treatment consisted of intravenous antibiotic and immobilization. The evolution was favorable in all of our cases.


Photochromic fluorescent molecules dramatically extend their fields of applications ranging from optical memories, bioimaging, photoswitches, photonic devices, anti-counterfeiting technology and many more. Here, we have logically designed and synthesized a triazole appended bis-(dithienylethene)-naphthalenediimide based photo-responsive material, 5, which demonstrated fluorescence enhancement property upon photocyclization (FF = 0.42), with high photocyclization (44 s, ksolution = 0.0355 s-1, ksolid = 0.0135 s-1) and photocycloreversion (160 s, ksolution = 0.0181 s-1, ksolid = 0.0085 s-1) rate and decent photoreaction quantum yield (Fo→c = 0.93 and Fc→o = 0.11). The open isomer almost converted to the closed isomer at photo-stationary state (PSS) with distinct color change from colorless to blue with 92.85% conversion yield. A reversible noninvasive modulation of fluorescence through efficient photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process was observed both in solution as well as in solid state. The fluorescence modulation through PET process was further corroborated with thermodynamic calculations using Rehm-Weller equation and quantum chemical studies (DFT). The thermally stable compound 5 exhibits high fatigue resistance property (up to 50 cycles) both in solution and solid state. Furthermore, the compound 5 was successfully applied as erasable ink and in deciphering secret codes (Quick Response/bar code) portending potential promising application in anti-counterfeiting..