We study a free boundary problem arising from American put options. In particular we prove existence and uniqueness for this problem, and we derive and rigorously prove high order asymptotic expansions for the early exercise boundary near expiry. We provide four approximations for the boundary: one is explicit and is valid near expiry (weeks); two others are implicit involving inverse functions and are accurate for longer time to expiry (months); the fourth is an ODE initial value problem which is very accurate for all times to expiry, is extremely stable, and hence can be solved instantaneously on any computer. We further provide an ode iterative scheme which can reach its numerical fixed point in five iterations for all time to expiry. We also provide a large time (equivalent to regular expiration times but large interest rate and/or volatility) behavior of the exercise boundary. To demonstrate the accuracy of our approximations, we present the results of a numerical simulation.


This contribution is the second part of a research project attempting to provide a tentative basis for the standardization of the terminology and methodology for the acoustic analysis of induced pain cries. The first part of the study [Raes & Dehaen, 1988] described the vocabulary and the techniques for the objective and uniform segmentation of pain cry series represented on acoustic registrations. The present paper provides a detailed description of the terms and methods necessary for the accurate and uniform durational analysis of pain cry series segmented according to these basic principles. The durational measuring system comprises eight characteristics: reaction time, total crying time, total phonation time, latency, duration, phonation time, pause and continuity. Comparatively applied to a collection of pain cry series from healthy babies and one from abnormal infants, the system proved to have a very considerable capacity to differentiate between normality and abnormality.


We study the support of subdivision schemes: that is, the region of the subdivision surface that is affected by the displacement of a single control point. Our main results cover the regular case, where the mesh induces a regular Euclidean tesselation of the local parameter space. If n is the ratio of similarity between the tesselations at steps k and k − 1 of the refinement, we show that n determines the extent of this region and largely determines whether its boundary is polygonal or fractal. In particular if n = 2 (or n2 = 2 because we can always take double steps) the support is a convex polygon whose vertices can easily be determined. In other cases, whether the boundary of the support is fractal or not depends on whether there are sufficient points with non-zero coefficients in the edges of the convex hull of the mask. If there are enough points on every such edge, the support is again a convex polygon. If some edges have enough points and others do not, the boundary can consist of a fractal assembly of an unbounded number of line segments.


: The prognostic implications of isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH), as defined by 2017 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines, have not been tested using ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitor thresholds (ie, 24-hour mean systolic BP <125 mm Hg and diastolic BP ≥ 75 mm Hg). We analyzed data from 11 135 participants in the IDACO (International Database on Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Relation to Cardiovascular Outcomes). Using 24-hour mean ambulatory BP monitor values, we performed Cox regression testing independent associations of IDH with death or cardiovascular events. Analyses were conducted in the cohort overall, as well as after age stratification (<50 years versus ≥ 50 years). The median age at baseline was 54.7 years and 49% were female. Over a median follow-up of 13.8 years, 2836 participants died, and 2049 experienced a cardiovascular event. Overall, irrespective of age, IDH on 24-hour ambulatory BP monitor defined by 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association criteria was not significantly associated with death (hazard ratio, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.79–1.13]) or cardiovascular events (hazard ratio, 1.14 [95% CI, 0.94–1.40]), compared with normotension. However, among the subgroup <50 years old, IDH was associated with excess risk for cardiovascular events (2.87 [95% CI, 1.72–4.80]), with evidence for effect modification based on age ( P interaction <0.001). In conclusion, using ambulatory BP monitor data, this study suggests that IDH defined by 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association criteria is not a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in adults aged 50 years or older but is a risk factor among younger adults. Thus, age is an important consideration in the clinical management of adults with IDH. (


The method for measurement of granularity of ultra-fine coal powder by laser granulometry is experimentally studied.The effects of concentration of powder sample,measurement temperature,dispersant type and its concentration,dispersing time on the measurements are discussed in details.Based on the results of the study the optimum experimental condition is put forward.


Purpose
The flux vector splitting (FVS) schemes are known for their higher resistance to shock instabilities and carbuncle phenomena in high-speed flow computations, which are generally accompanied by relatively large numerical diffusion. However, it is desirable to control the numerical diffusion of FVS schemes inside the boundary layer for improved accuracy in viscous flow computations. This study aims to develop a new methodology for controlling the numerical diffusion of FVS schemes for viscous flow computations with the help of a recently developed boundary layer sensor.

Design/methodology/approach
The governing equations are solved using a cell-centered finite volume approach and Euler time integration. The gradients in the viscous fluxes are evaluated by applying the Green's theorem. For the inviscid fluxes, a new approach is introduced, where the original upwind formulation of an FVS scheme is first cast into an equivalent central discretization along with a numerical diffusion term. Subsequently, the numerical diffusion is scaled down by using a novel scaling function that operates based on a boundary layer sensor. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated by applying the same on van Leer's FVS and AUSM schemes. The resulting schemes are named as Diffusion-Regulated van Leer's FVS-Viscous (DRvLFV) and Diffusion-Regulated AUSM-Viscous (DRAUSMV) schemes.

Findings
The numerical tests show that the DRvLFV scheme shows significant improvement over its parent scheme in resolving the skin friction and wall heat flux profiles. The DRAUSMV scheme is also found marginally more accurate than its parent scheme. However, stability requirements limit the scaling down of only the numerical diffusion term corresponding to the acoustic part of the AUSM scheme.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first successful attempt to regulate the numerical diffusion of FVS schemes inside boundary layers by applying a novel scaling function to their artificial viscosity forms. The new methodology can reduce the erroneous smearing of boundary layers by FVS schemes in high-speed flow applications.


In this paper, we consider the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layer flow and heat transfer of power law fluid over a flat plate with slip boundary conditions. We use a similarity transformation to convert the governing nonlinear partial differential equations into a system of ordinary differential equations and solve the resulting system numerically using MATLAB's boundary value solver, bvp4c, and the shooting method. We present velocity and temperature profiles within the boundary layer and demonstrate the effect of changing the magnetic parameter, Prandtl number, and slip parameters.


Close-up of human cerebellar development Early on, cerebellar development shares similarities across humans, nonhuman primates, and even mice. But differences emerge while development progresses, as cellular and molecular analyses by Haldipur et al. now reveal. The rhombic lip persists longer during cerebellar development in humans than in either the mouse or the macaque and generates a pool of neuroprogenitor cells. Similarly, the ventricular zone of the human cerebellum goes a step further than that of the mouse in developing an additional proliferative layer with outer radial glia cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed detailed similarities and differences between progenitor cells of the developing human cerebellum and neocortex. Science, this issue p. 454 A close look at human cerebellar development reveals species-specific neuronal progenitors that inform cerebellar disease pathogenesis. We present histological and molecular analyses of the developing human cerebellum from 30 days after conception to 9 months after birth. Differences in developmental patterns between humans and mice include spatiotemporal expansion of both ventricular and rhombic lip primary progenitor zones to include subventricular zones containing basal progenitors. The human rhombic lip persists longer through cerebellar development than in the mouse and undergoes morphological changes to form a progenitor pool in the posterior lobule, which is not seen in other organisms, not even in the nonhuman primate the macaque. Disruptions in human rhombic lip development are associated with posterior cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and Dandy-Walker malformation. The presence of these species-specific neural progenitor populations refines our insight into human cerebellar developmental disorders.


Abstract The gas-particle partitioning and particle size distributions of airborne PAH in Bangkok urban air were investigated using an 8 stage size fractionating cascade impactor (Andersen "low volume" sampler) and a downstream XAD-2 adsorbent tube for sample collection. Nine PAH classified as carcinogenic and co-carcinogenic compounds-Pyrene (PYR), Benz(a)Anthracene (BaA), Benzo(e)Pyrene (BeP), Dibenz(a,c)Anthracene (DBacA), Benzo(k)Fluoranthene (BkF), Benzo(a)Pyrene (BaP), Dibenz(a,h)Anthracene (DBahA), Benzo(ghi)Perylene (BghiP) and Trimethylcholanthrene (3MC) - were quantified. The lower molecular weight (MW) PAH such as PYR, BeP and BaA were present mainly in the gaseous phase (80%, 40% and 24%, respectively) while higher MW compounds were present almost totally in the particulate fraction. The results show that 30%–60% of each PAH by mass were found on particles smaller than 0.43 μm and more than 70% on particles with diameter less than 2.1 μm. In addition, the relationship between the particle/gas partition coefficient (K p ) and the sub-cooled liquid vapor pressure (p°L) was also determined to describe the gas-particle partitioning of those PAH compounds in a tropical atmosphere.


The Berezin transform $\widetilde{A}$ and the Berezin number of an operator
$A$ on the reproducing kernel Hilbert space over some set $\Omega$ with
normalized reproducing kernel $\widehat{k}_{\lambda}$ are defined,
respectively, by $\widetilde{A}(\lambda)=\left\langle {A}\widehat{k}_{\lambda
},\widehat{k}_{\lambda}\right\rangle ,\ \lambda\in\Omega$ and $\mathrm{ber}%
(A):=\sup_{\lambda\in\Omega}\left\vert \widetilde{A}{(\lambda)}\right\vert .$
A straightforward comparison between these characteristics yields the
inequalities $\mathrm{ber}\left( A\right) \leq\frac{1}{2}\left( \left\Vert
A\right\Vert _{\mathrm{ber}}+\left\Vert A^{2}\right\Vert _{\mathrm{ber}}%
^{1/2}\right) $. In this paper, we study further inequalities relating them.
Namely, we obtained some refinement of Berezin number inequalities involving
convex functions. In particular, for $A\in\mathcal{B}\left( \mathcal{H}%
\right) $ and $r\geq1$ we show that
\[
\mathrm{ber}^{2r}\left( A\right) \leq\frac{1}{4}\left( \left\Vert A^{\ast
}A+AA^{\ast}\right\Vert _{\mathrm{ber}}^{r}+\left\Vert A^{\ast}A-AA^{\ast
}\right\Vert _{\mathrm{ber}}^{r}\right) +\frac{1}{2}\mathrm{ber}^{r}\left(
A^{2}\right) .
\]


A digraph that represents reasonably a scheduling problem should be a directed acyclic graph. Here down we shall deal with special kind of graded $DAGs$ named $KoDAGs$. For their definition and first primary properties see $ [1]$, where natural join of directed biparted graphs and their corresponding adjacency matrices is defined and then applied to investigate cobweb posets and their $Hasse$ digraphs called $KoDAGs$. In this report we extend the notion of cobweb poset while delivering some elementary consequences of the description and observations established in $[1]$.


Characterization of RF Carpets with Variable Frequency for use in RIB Measurements1 SHANE RYAN, Univ of Notre Dame, ALEC HAMAKER, REU Summer Intern, MAXIME BRODEUR, Univ of Notre Dame — The recent, worldwide development of radioactive ion beam (RIB) facilities has dramatically increased potential for answering pressing nuclear science questions, ranging from mechanisms involved in creation of heavy nuclei to the structure of exotic nuclei. The chemistry-independent nature of in-flight production of RIBs allows for a broad range of nuclei however, the high energy and momentum spread of these beams are at odds with requirements for low energy experiments, which consequently implement gas cells to thermalize the RIB. Many such gas cells include radio-frequency (RF) carpets, which are sets of concentric electric rings carrying superimposed electric signals to rapidly vary a repulsion force with both time and position. This enables and facilitates active transport towards an extraction orifice in the center as opposed to passive diffusion, increasing both experimental accuracy and efficiency. The growing use of RF carpet technology prompted us to investigate the behavior of the repelling force as a function of various experimental parameters, including gas pressure, RF amplitude, and opposing electric field strength. We also developed novel circuitry for use in an RF carpet that allows for variable signal frequency.


In light of the dicussions on the necessity and operability of etiquette courses offered in vocational schools,the article points out the non-standard status of etiquette courses offered in vocational schools and proposes relevant measures with a view to improving the quality of students,achieveing a win-win situation for individ- uals and businesses.


The basic conception of the work, the idea of eternal recurrence, the highest for mula of affirmation that can possibly be attained?belongs to the August of the year 1881 : it was jotted down on a piece of paper with the inscription: "6000 feet beyond man and time." I was that day walking through the woods beside the lake of Silvaplana; I stopped beside a mighty pyramidal block of stone which reared itself up not far from Surlei. Then this idea came to me.


This paper describes an application of the EM (expectation and maximisation) algorithm to the registration of incomplete millimetric radar images. The data used in this study consists of a series of nonoverlapping radar sweeps. Our registration process aims to recover transformation parameters between the radar-data and a digital map. The tokens used in the matching process are fragmented line-segments extracted from the radar images which predominantly correspond to hedge-rows in the cartographic data. The EM technique models data uncertainty using Gaussian mixtures defined over the positions and orientations of the lines. The resulting weighted least-squares parameter estimation problem is solved using the Levenberg-Marquardt method. A sensitivity analysis reveals that the date-likelihood function is unimodal in the translation and scale parameters. In-fact the algorithm is only sensitive to the choice of initial rotation parameter; this is attributable to local suboptima in the log-likelihood function associated with /spl pi//3 orientation ambiguities in the map. The method is also demonstrated to be relatively insensitive to random measurement errors on the line-segments.


We propose an efficient adjoint variable method (AVM) for estimating wideband second-order response sensitivities using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) approach. Our AVM approach reduces the number of required simulations for computing the Hessian matrix of the desired objective function from O(n2) to only n + 1 where n is the number of designable parameters. All first-order sensitivities are also estimated as a by-product. Our sensitivity technique is illustrated through 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D electromagnetic examples involving both dispersive and nondispersive materials. The accuracy of our AVM approach is verified through comparison with analytical sensitivity results or sensitivities estimated using the accurate but computationally intensive central finite-difference (CFD) approximations.


The article discusses the issue of law in Hannah Arendt based on its connection with the theme of the common. The idea is to guide us through the paradigmatic dimension of the refugee (outlaw) and thus to mediate the discussion about the common through Arendt's understanding of the human condition present seminally in the text "We refugees" (1943), in the section "The decline of the nation-state and the end of the rights of man" in Origins of Totalitarianism (1951), and explicitly thematized in the book The Human Condition (1958). In choosing this path, we broaden the discussion of the common beyond the simple opposition between the public and the private, as seems to happen in the case of those who interpret chapter II of The Human Condition from the liberal perspective. Law will therefore appear as the dimension responsible for organizing our insertion in the community through the constitutive activities of our human condition: work, action, opinion and thought. Keywords : law, common, human condition, world, public.


This paper aims to present the results of petrographic and lithochemical studies obtained in one of the three artifacts, which fell on the farm Buritis in Buritizal County in August 1967, which were collected and stored until the present by reporter Saulo Gomes. The petrographic analysis showed that the artifact is composed by spherical and irregular chondrules with serial granulometry and size averaging around 1 mm and the largest reaching about 6 mm in diameter. The chondrules are made of olivine, ortho and clinopyroxene, crystallite glass, nickel iron alloy and troillite (kamacite and/or taenite/tetrataenite) and inter chondrules glassy material occurs in association with troillite, nickel and other alloy iron-based compounds. The lithochemical data show excellent correlation with the C chondrite, noting only small differences above or between them. The study made it possible to classify the artifact as type L3 and L4 ordinary chondrite.


Abstract. Various ocular fundus findings recorded by means of ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein angiography of the fundus towards the end of pregnancy in 11 healthy pregnant women and 13 patients with toxaemia of varying degree were analysed. Ten healthy non‐pregnant women formed the control group. The results showed that: (1) The healthy pregnant women showed both normal ocular fundi and changes which must be considered definitely pathological. (2) The toxaemic patients showed both pathological ocular fundus changes and perfectly normal findings. (3) On angiography, the healthy non‐pregnant women revealed a wide variation in the arterial caliber of the ocular fundus, expressed in terms of the artery/vein (A/V) ratio. (4) Variations of roughly the same degree in the A/V ratio occurred in the healthy and toxaemic pregnant women. (5) The A/V ratio was not correlated with the clinical status.


Basic scientific approaches and viewpoints on the topic of civil society are shown. Theoretical and practical problems of building a Russian model of civil society are marked.


The current research studied the relationship between risk management by the institutions underlying the Colombian coffee sector and risk perceptions held by Colombian coffee growers from a neo-institutional approach, in order to explain the risk perceptions and individual behaviors of coffee growers and establishing the effect of institutions on risk perception and management of Colombian coffee growers. The research was performed through an explanatory study with a sequential mixed approach, formed by two phases: (a) a qualitative phase characterized by elaboration of taxonomies on the risks Colombian coffee growers are vulnerable to, and on risk management instruments offered by institutions, creating a coffee grower's profile, sociodemographic features and exploitation scale; and (b) a quantitative stage that developed a Structural Equation Model (SEM), through which the existing relationship between risk management offered by Colombian coffee sector institutions and risk perceptions of Colombian coffee growers was empirically evaluated, by studying risk perceptions from past experiences and the way coffee growers deal with the risk associated to situations they must face, risk attitudes and management strategies. The study concluded that the set of risk management instruments offered by the institutions underlying the coffee sector lower risk exposure of Colombian coffee growers, and also determine their risk management strategies. In addition, the current study showed that adjusting the extended model proposed by Sitkin and Pablo (1992) showed its capacity to capture the relationships observed in the context of the Colombian coffee grower. Finally, the institutions underlying the coffee sectors affect risk perceptions of opportunity or threat situations faced by coffee growers; it is also validated through the existing relationship between the constructs.


By collating sports scientific research literature on data mining, using sports statistics research method, this paper analyzes the scientific research literature according to sports management, competition, training,application, teaching, review, and several other classifications.The results show that the current research mainly focuses on the simple theory analysis, but the establishment and application of databases on sports fields relatively small, this has caused the one-sided deviation.But the positive side is that some domestic experts and scholars have begun to bring data mining technology to sports.Although the current research only scratches the surface, but it has a great significance for further study of sports data mining, for using data mining technology to sports technique and sports development decisions, for promoting the development of data mining technology in sports field.


Recently, progressive government infrastructure projects on: roads and bridges, harbour, oil and gas, water and sanitation, railroad, electricity, city transportation and information technology have reached big records of government projects since the independence of Indonesia – A country with 17.504 islands and projected population in 2030 of 350 million. Every construction project carries its years of serviceability usually between 50 – 100 years. During and before that time, cost of risk due to the unfulfillment of engineering standard of design, construction, management, usage and maintenance can cause problems. Cases of past project failures that bring consequences in terms of cost, disfunction/failure and sometimes people's lives in some of the past projects are analyzed from the geoforensic point of view as cases to be avoided from the early beginning when the project was physically decided to be constructed in a certain geophysical area in specific parts of Indonesia.


The article analyzes the features of the content and origins of the concept of "risk" through the optics of different sociological approaches. On the basis of dualism objectivist and socio-constructivist approaches to the definition of risk, the author focuses on the duality of activity risks and the  environmental risks. The paper refuted several "myths" about the risk - the myth of the "tightness" and the myth of the "catastrophic" risk. The risk is considered as a characteristic attribute of human activity that contributes to the "disclosure" of subjectivity in the decision-making agent. According to the author, the prospect of awareness and understanding of risk has the potential partial risk management. The research focuses on the study of the etymology of the concept of "risk" as a result it was concluded that there is no "time" and "space" the containment of risk and the prevalence of the use of the term for nomination of identical phenomena in different cultures. The analysis of the substantive content of the notion of "risk" in the sociology of social and humanitarian disciplines. The author offers the research emphases, which help to understand the specifics of such a social phenomenon as the risk, in the logic of the development of sociological thought and scientific doctrines in general. Particular attention is focused on the analysis of synthetic sociological approaches to the study of the risks, which the author considers most heuristic for the study of this phenomenon.


polymer is constricted in geometries smaller than its unperturbed molecular size its properties may greatly differ from the bulk state. The effect of cylindrical confinement on crystallization of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and polycarbonate (PC) was studied. Polymer nanowires were prepared by melt-wetting into nanoporous templates of varying diameter (15 – 200 nm). X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies reveal that iPP crystallizes into the -phase and preferentially orients along the long axis of the pore. Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) it is shown that iPP transitions from hetero to homogeneous nucleation as the pore diameter decreases. The isothermal crystallization kinetics is analyzed using Avrami analysis and a progression, with time, into primarily 1D crystallization is presented.


Background: Eye tumors are commonly found and fatal among pediatric patients. The immediacy of management depends on the diagnosis, and is increased when the patient's characteristics are known. This study aims to describe the characteristics of pediatric patients diagnosed with eye tumors. Methods: This is a descriptive retrospective study using secondary data involving 102 medical records of pediatric patients diagnosed with eye tumors in the National Eye Center Cicendo Eye Hospital Bandung in the period from January 2013 to December 2014. Results: The characteristics of 102 subjects: 54 (52.9%) were female, 59 (57.8%) were 1 to 4 years old, and 79 (77.5%) were from West Java. The characteristics of the tumors: 42 (41.2%) presented with a chief complaint of leukocoria, 73 (71.6%) were malignant, 68 (66.7%) were retinal, and the most common management was surgery (64.7%). The most common malignant tumor was retinoblastoma (93.2%) while the most common benign tumor was dermoid cyst (31%). Conclusion: Patients were frequently 1–4 years old and the most common diagnosis were retinoblastoma and dermoid cyst. D OI:  10.15850/amj.v4n1.970


U.S. Macroeconomic Outlook eal economic growth remains solid in the United States. The economy has benefited from improved business investment as a result of reduced regulation and the 2017 tax reform. The industrial sector, in particular, has seen strong growth. The U.S. economy also has benefited from faster economic growth in Europe and Asia, although growth has slowed in Europe more recently. Solid consumer spending has contributed to economic growth.


The earth electrical resistivity observed in three direction at Xinyi station is very inconsistent.This paper analyzed the reasons of the differences objectively,and pointed out that detecting depth could cause a variety of annu al variations.The deeper detecting depth is,the more obvious annual variation quantity is.It is less effected and more precursory significance.Reasonable el ectrical structure must be taken into account in field selection.


The grain boundary character distribution of multicrystalline SiGe (mc-SiGe) solar cells with microscopic compositional distribution was revealed to have a significant effect on the photovoltaic performance of solar cells. This was clarified by comparing the photovoltaic performance of small-area (≈0.02 cm2) solar cells fabricated in a large-area solar cell with their local structures. With increasing fraction of random grain boundaries in a small-area solar cell, the conversion efficiency was found to decrease. On the other hand, Σ3 grain boundaries are found to be dominant in a solar cell with good performance. These results suggest that the development of a crystal growth technique that fully controls the grain boundary character distribution is the key to improving the conversion efficiency of the solar cell based on multicrystalline semiconductors.


The American Cordillera, a major mountain belt spanning >15000 km along the western margins of North and South America, formed as a result of crustal shortening and magmatism during ocean-continent convergence. These mountains were the loci of addition and redistribution of continental crust. The contributions presented here address the style, timing, and kinematics of underthrusting of continental crust in the retroarc of the central Andes as well as the rapid burial and metamorphism of forearc rocks that contributed to magmatism in the Canadian Cordillera. This work involved geological mapping and structural analysis coupled with geoand thermochronological analysis. In the central Andes, results confirm a southward transition in structural style and magnitude of Cenozoic shortening that coincides with the disappearance of a thick Paleozoic basin that accommodated major Cenozoic shortening. U-Pb and (U-Th)/He results also demonstrate that thrust belt kinematics in northwestern Argentina were greatly influenced by pre-orogenic heterogeneities in Cretaceous rift architecture. Results from western Canada reveal that rapid underthrusting of forearc rocks occurred during Late Cretaceous time, likely associated with an episode of shallow subduction. This event did not result in basement-involved foreland uplifts thought to be a signature of shallow subduction in the western United States and central Argentina. Taken together, this work has the major implication that variations in the pre-orogenic upper crustal architecture strongly influence the behavior of the continental lithosphere during orogenesis, a result 10 that challenges geodynamic models that largely neglect upper plate heterogeneities. 11 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION During Phanerozoic time, ocean-continent convergence resulted in formation of some of the most prominent mountain belts on Earth. These "Cordilleran-style" orogenic belts, where the upper plate accommodates significant shortening, are the sites of major addition and redistribution of crustal material (e.g., DeCelles et al., 2009). This is thought to occur mainly by: 1) Addition and recycling of mantle and crustal material via arc magmatism; 2) Redistribution of continental crust by erosion and deposition; and 3) Underthrusting of continental lithosphere on both sides of the magmatic arc. Despite the documented importance of these tectonic environments, ocean-continent subduction systems that are characterized by significant shortening in the overriding plate are poorly represented in the modern record. One such active system is in South America, where oceanic plate subduction occurs along much of the continental margin and significant shortening of the overriding plate results in continued growth of the Andes. During Mesozoic time, South America represented the southern half of a >15000 km long Cordilleran orogenic belt that continued along-strike to the north along the western margin of North America outboard of British Columbia and Alaska (Fig. 1). Despite major geoscientific research in the American Cordillera, however, many questions about the geodynamics of these orogenic systems remain unanswered, particularly regarding the relative importance during orogenesis of mantle dynamics, buoyant anomalies within the downgoing plate, climate, and pre-orogenic crustal architecture. 12 Many authors have implicated changes in relative convergence rates between the downgoing and overriding plates and the age of the downgoing oceanic slab in controlling the geodynamic evolution of Cordilleran-style orogenic systems (e.g., PardoCasas and Molnar, 1987; Somoza, 1998). Outboard of the central Andes, however, there is not a considerable along-strike variation in the relative convergence velocity of the oceanic and continental plates nor in the age of the subducting oceanic Nazca plate (e.g., Oncken et al., 2006). This is in spite of the documentation by many workers of major along-strike changes in the style and magnitude of Cenozoic shortening in the overriding continental plate (e.g., Allmendinger et al., 1983; Isacks, 1988; Kley and Monalid, 1998; Kley et al., 1999). In addition, the central Andes are flanked by shallowly subducting slabs that are spatially associated with oceanic seamounts (Jordan et al., 1983). The southern region of shallow subduction is widely accepted to have formed the Sierras Pampeanas, which are basement-involved uplifts that segment the foreland (Jordan et al., 1983). These structures have been proposed to be the modern analog of foreland uplifts formed during an episode of Late Cretaceous to early Cenozoic shallow subduction beneath the ancestral margin of North America (Jordan and Allmendinger, 1986). Despite the widespread acceptance that these basement-involved structures are the signature of shallow subduction, however, extrapolation of the shallowly subducting slab back through time indicates that shallow subduction also occurred beneath northern Argentina and southern Bolivia (Yañez et al., 2001), where foreland deformation is characterized by thin-skinned shortening within a thick section of Paleozoic strata. In addition, rapid burial 13 of forearc metasedimetary rocks beneath the Cretaceous magmatic arc in western Canada that have elsewhere been considered to result from shallow subduction (e.g., Grove et al., 2003), is not associated with basement-involved structures in the foreland of the Alberta fold and thrust belt. These observations suggest that considerable heterogeneity in the upper plate expression of orogenesis is largely controlled by pre-orogenic variations in upper plate architecture (Allmendinger et al., 1983; Allmendinger and Gubbels, 1996; Kley et al., 1999). Investigation of the evolution of the active South American Cordillera thus provides a unique natural laboratory to investigate the dynamics of ancient oceancontinent orogenic systems. To further our understanding of the abruptness and cause of the major along-strike gradient in shortening and structural style in the central Andes, I conducted regional geological mapping, structural analysis, and geoand thermochronological analysis of apatite and zircon to constrain a balanced cross section across a transect of the Eastern Cordillera tectonomorphic province in northwestern Argentina at 24-25°S. This was also intended to evaluate the magnitude of retroarc shortening and the timing and kinematics of the fold-thrust belt to determine the extent that its evolution was closely linked with other orogen-scale processes, which may shed light on the geodynamics of Cordilleranstyle orogenic systems. I also present age-dating results obtained from the core of the Coast Mountains batholith of western British Columbia, Canada. This work aims to evaluate the protolith age and timing of metamorphism of high-grade metasedimentary rocks that represent the deep levels of the Mesozoic and upper Cenozoic orogenic crust. 14 These data contribute significantly to our understanding of the mechanisms and timing of redistribution and recycling of continental crust. 15 PRESENT STUDY The research presented in this dissertation makes a significant contribution to our collective understanding of the geodynamics of convergent ocean-continent orogenic systems, as well as to our understanding of the mechanisms for redistribution and addition of crustal material to the continental lithosphere. The bulk of this work involved delineating the style, timing, kinematics, and magnitude of shortening accommodated within the retroarc fold-thrust belt of northwestern Argentina. Additional results were obtained from deeply exhumed metamorphic rocks exposed in the core of the Coast Mountains batholith in western Canada. The basic methods and primary results of this research are presented below; additional methods, results, and conclusions of this work are presented in the manuscripts appended to this dissertation. Miocene Exhumation in the Eastern Cordillera of Argentina This investigation involves a geological and geo-thermochronological study of the Cachi Range (24–25°S), which is a prominent topographic feature at this latitude. U-Pb detrital zircon results from the oldest exposed rocks (Puncoviscana Formation) constrain deposition to mainly Cambrian time, followed by major, Cambro-Ordovician shortening and ~484 Ma magmatism. Later, Cretaceous rift faults were locally inverted during Cenozoic shortening. Coupled with previous work, new (U-Th)/He zircon results require 8-10 km of Miocene exhumation that was likely associated with fault-propagation folding within the Cachi Range. After Miocene shortening, displacement on sinistral strike-slip faults demonstrates a change in stress state to a non-vertically oriented !3. This change in 16 stress state may result from an increase in gravitational potential energy in response to significant crustal thickening and/or lithospheric root removal. These results also underscore the importance of the pre-existing stratigraphic and structural architecture in orogens in influencing the style of subsequent deformation. Kinematics and Timing of Cenozoic Shortening in Northwestern Argentina Using regional geological mapping and construction of a balanced cross section, coupled with U-Pb and (U-Th)/He age dating of apatite and zircon, this work builds upon the pre-existing geological framework for the region. Results demonstrate that at 2425°S, following a major eastward propagation event in the thrust belt at ~40 Ma, deformation and exhumation were restricted to the western arm of a Cretaceous rift system located at the western margin of the Eastern Cordillera and eastern margin of the Puna plateau until ~10 Ma. After this time, the thrust front jumped ~75 km toward the east to bypass the central portion of a horst block of the Cretaceous rift system, followed by subsequent initiation of new faults in a subsystem that propagated toward the west into this pre-existing structural high. During Pliocene time,


This paper proposes a method to model the path loss characteristics on urban streets in microwave band. We applied the concept of fuzzy logic to predict an unknown path loss from a set of known path loss. The input fuzzy sets were classified into five sets, namely distance between transmitter and receiver, frequency, time of day, transmitting antenna height and receiving antenna height. These inputs are then inferenced into output path loss via linguistic rules which were trained by measurement. To check the proposed model, we compared the fuzzy prediction with another measurement. The results shown that the fuzzy logic models provided a better prediction.


Two galaxies that lie deep within the Local Void provide a test of the expectation that voids expand. The modest ( M B ∼ − 14 ) HI bearing dwarf galaxies ALFAZOAJ1952+1428 and KK246 have been imaged with Hubble Space Telescope in order to study the stellar populations and determine distances from the luminosities of stars at the tip of the red giant branch. The mixed age systems have respective distances of 8.39 Mpc and 6.95 Mpc and inferred line-of-sight peculiar velocities of −114 km s−1 and −66 km s−1 toward us and away from the void center. These motions compound on the Milky Way motion of ∼230 km s−1 away from the void. The orbits of the two galaxies are reasonably constrained by a numerical action model encompassing an extensive region that embraces the Local Void. It is unambiguously confirmed that these two void galaxies are moving away from the void center at several hundred km s−1.


The objective of this study is to examine the predictive role of pre-service teachers' professional anxiety on positiveemotions. The relational screening model was adopted in the study. 484 pre-service teachers were selected from theFaculty of Education in Kırıkkale University with stratified sampling method for sample. Occupational AnxietyScale and Dispositional Positive Emotion Scales were applied to sample group. Correlation and multiple regressionanalysis were used to analyze the data. Correlation analysis revealed that the relations between contentment andoccupational exam centered anxiety and socio-economic centered anxiety have the highest scores, whereas therelations between compassion and socio-economic centered anxiety and school management centered anxiety havethe lowest scores. Results of multiple regression analysis indicated that occupational exam centered anxiety andsocio-economic centered anxiety are significant predictors of positive emotions but job oriented anxiety, interactionwith students centered anxiety, colleagues and students' parents centered anxiety, self-development centered anxiety,adaptation self-development centered anxiety and school management centered anxiety isn't a predictor for positiveemotions. Suggestions for decreasing the pre-service teachers' occupational anxiety level were presented at the endof the study.


: The Evolutionary and Swarm Intelligence algorithms are two recently introduced population based meta-heuristic algorithms that have been successfully employed to numerous scientific and engineering problems. In this paper, we have selected two recent and representative algorithms — one from the evolutionary algorithm family, the other from the swarm intelligence family and compared their performance on high dimensional function optimization problems. The evolutionary algorithm that isselected in this paper is the Fast Evolutionary Programming (FEP) which uses Cauchy mutation to improve over the basic Gaussian mutation scheme. The swarm intelligence algorithm that is selected is the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm which has been introduced recently and found to be very effective on many continuous optimization problems. This paper compares the performance of these two algorithms on a common set of benchmark problems in order to achieve a better understanding of their algorithmic nature and characteristics. The experimental results show that the performance of ABC is usually better than FEP, especially on complex multimodal functions, because ABC can deal with the problems of premature convergence and fitness stagnation more effectively than FEP.


Do people have an irrational dislike for risk? People pay less for uncertain prospects than their worst possible outcomes, and researchers have proposed that this effect occurs because people strongly dislike risk. We challenge this proposition across seven studies. Though people seem to irrationally dislike risky prospects when preference is assessed with open-ended pricing measures, such as willingness-to-pay, people display rational responses toward risky prospects when preference is assessed using rating measures, such as ratings of expected enjoyment. This discrepancy does not seem to arise because these measures (a) focus on different components of the uncertainty, (b) rely on context-dependent versus normed scales, or (c) involve voluntarily opting into an uncertain situation. Accordingly, we find that people also display rational responses toward risky prospects with time measures (i.e., willingness-to-wait and anticipated time usage) and choice. We discuss alternative explanations and crucial implications of our effects for both theory and application. This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, judgment and decision making.


British Commonwealth of Nations — Admission from other Parts of the Commonwealth — "Prohibited Immigrants" from the United Kingdom — The Law of South Africa. Aliens — Admission of — "Prohibited Immigrants" — Whether Acquiring Domicile — The British Commonwealth of Nations — The Law of South Africa.


Social media has reformed the manner with which consumers interact with brands, particularly in the fashion industry. The fashion industry is a dynamic sector, where companies strive to involve customers and build brand loyalty. The widespread use of social media platforms has provided fashion brands with an opportunity to engage with customers in real-time, shape interactions, and create brand loyalty. The influence of "social media" on "customer engagement" and "brand loyalty" in the fashion business is complex and multifaceted and requires further investigation. This study looks to empirically investigate the influence of "social media" on "customer engagement" and "brand loyalty" in the fashion industry. The results provide an understanding about how brands can effectively use "social media" to involve customers and create and retain brand loyalty. The findings highlight the importance of creating personalized content and establishing two-way communication with customers. The research also emphasizes the need for fashion brands to adapt to the changing social media landscape and embrace new platforms and technologies to stay relevant in today's digital world.


Introduction Wangdi Dzong was built in the 17 century by Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal and is situated at a strategically important intersection of the country's main east-west axes with an important northsouth axis. The Dzong's position on the end of a ridge between the two rivers Punatsanchu and Danchu made it easy to defend and enabled a good view over the traffic on the axes. In the early days, the dzongpon of Wangdue Phodrang was the powerful ruler, after the dzongpons of Punakha and Thimphu.


1. The pattern of reproductive success (RS) in barnacle geese varied significantly as a function of age. RS continued to increase through the sixth year and peaked in the eleventh. It declined between the eleventh and fifteenth year. 2. The decline in RS in old age was not, as suggested by other workers, due to loss of mate and re-pairing with a young bird; individuals that retained their mates also had diminishing RS in the later years. 3. Low RS in the early years was attributable to the female. We suggest that this is because of inexperience in food and feeding area selection, which affects the build-up of body reserves in preparation for nesting and hence breeding potential. Low RS in the later years was, on the other hand, attributable to the male. We suggest that this is caused by a decline in fighting ability which determines both the acquisition of optimal feeding sites for the female and the ability to acquire and defend a nesting site. 4. At whatever age they re-paired, geese tended to choose replacement mates that were similar in age to themselves. This was despite the fact that, at all times, birds from the young, unpaired cohort (1-2 years) were considerably more numerous than older unpaired geese. 5. We argue that pairing with a familiar individual is advantageous both from the point of view of partner compatibility and of familiarity with the feeding and nesting habitat


The molecule of the title compound, C19H18N2O3, shows a nearly planar conformation, with a dihedral angle of 8.46 (6)° between the benzene ring and the quinoline moiety. The molecules are linked into dimers by C—H⋯O interactions.


The existing cassava harvesting machines were introduced,including common digging plow,digging,separating and harvesting integrated machine,and digging-type machine.And the technical performance,working principles and characteristics of the digging-pulling machine developed by our group were also introduced.The research direction of cassava harvesting machine was forecasted.Several conditions should be considered during the development of cassava harvesting machine.Firstly,due to the diverse geographic conditions of cassava planting,the machine should be equipped with the deep loosening parts which can be replaced and adjust to diverse terrain conditions.Secondly,the machine should have the ability to harvest the cassava of different rows so as to improve the harvesting efficiency.Thirdly,the power output of the machine should be adjusted according to different soil conditions so as to reduce power loss.Fourthly,it is better that the machine can complete the processes of soil loosening,cassava digging,cassava pulling,soil separating,cassava straw cutting and cassava collection at one time,so as to make the whole harvesting process more easy,practical and automatic.


Congenital absence of the left circumflex artery is a rare anomaly of the coronary circulation with a prevalence ranging from 0.6% to 1.3%. We report a 33-year-old male who presented with recent anterior wall myocardial infarction, in whom coronary angiography revealed absent left circumflex artery and stenosed left anterior descending artery. The left circumflex territory was being perfused by the superdominant right coronary artery. Although the absence of an artery is mostly considered as a benign condition, atherosclerotic lesions may diminish the compensatory mechanisms and worsen the outcome.


RFID technology has been gradually expanding its application areas however studies on personal space infringement along with security are insufficient. This paper proposes a new security protocol access time interval scheme and RSA algorithm to analyze existing RFID security protocol and attempts to solve the problem of lightweight protocol. Information protection for two-way channels can be enforced through the proposed protocol and other issues of sniffing and man-in-the-middle attacks can be solved by applying a mutual certification technique application among tag readers.


Objectives To compare the clinical viability and safety of transurethral enucleation of prostate (M-TUEP) and transurethral resection of prostate(M-TURP) for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)with monopolar reseetoscope.Methods 60 patients with BPH who had surgical indications and whose volume of prostate was 50ml-75ml were randomized into M-TUEP group and M-TURP group,with 30 patients in each.The preoperative international prostate symptom score(IPSS),the quality of life(QOL),Quantity of maximum flow rate(Qmax),postvoid residual urine volume(PVR),the perioperative operation time,bleeding,weight of resected prostate,mean bladder irrigating time,catheterization time,and hospitalization were recorded.Three months after the operation,the correlative complications,PVR,Qmax and IPSS were observed.All results were statistically analyzed.Results There was no statistically significant difference in preoperative factors between the two groups (P> 0.05).The mean operation time,hemorrhage,bladder irrigating time,catheterization time,hospitalization and perioperativelly correlative complications were significantly less in the M-TUEP group than in the M-TURP group (P < 0.05).The mean weight of resected prostate was more heavy in the M-TUEP group than in the M-TURP group(P <0.05).There were no significant differences in urinary incontinence,urethral stricture,and retrograde ejaculation between the two groups(P >0.05),PVR,IPSS and Qmax were significantly improved(P <0.05) at three months postoperatively.Conclusions M-TUEP has the same short-term efficacy as M-TURP for the treatment of symptomatic BPH.The advantages of TUEP is higher safty and efficiency of resection and less complications than M-TURP.And M-TUEP is easy to be mastered for urological surgeons and more fit to be popularized in China than enucleation of prostate with lasers.

Key words:
Prostatic Hyperplasia;  Electrosurgery


We have investigated various doped metal oxides such as copper doped molybdenum oxide, copper doped Al2O3, copper doped ZrO2, aluminium doped ZnO, and CuxO for novel resistance memory applications. Compared with non-stoichiometric oxides (Nb2O5-x, ZrOx, SrTiOx), doped metal oxides show higher device yield. Moreover, Cu:MoOx have demonstrated excellent memory characteristics such as reliability under programming cycles, potential multi-bit operation, good data retention, highly scalable property, and fast switching speed. The switching mechanism of the copper doped molybdenum oxide can be explained by the generation and rupture of multi-filaments under the electrical stress


It is our aim to prove strong convergence of a new iterative sequence to a common element of the solution set of a generalized mixed equilibrium problem; the null space of an inverse strongly monotone operator; the set of common fixed points of a countable infinite family of nonexpansive mappings; and the set of fixed points of a continuous pseudocontractive mapping. Moreover, the common element is also a unique solution of a variational inequality problem and optimality condition for a certain minimization problem. Our theorems generalize, improve, and unify several recently announced results.


This paper draws experiences from 198 heads of rural households benefitting from four operational NGOs to address the extent to which NGOs impact on poverty reduction in the Wa West and Tain districts of northern Ghana. It examines the NGOs poverty reduction strategies and their impact on people's quality of life. The paper reveals that the NGOs adopt the integrated rural development strategy with both basic needs and basic means approaches. The paper identifies improved income, productivity


The invention discloses a production method for bentonite carbonization nutrient soil. According to the technical scheme, the production method is characterized in that ingredients of bentonite carbonization nutrient soil are stirred and extruded into flaky grains and carbonized into the bentonite carbonization nutrient soil, and then the ingredients of the bentonite carbonization nutrient soil are granulated, sterilized and packaged into the finished bentonite carbonization nutrient soil. The bentonite carbonization nutrient soil is composed of bentonite, activated clay waste residues, zeolite, waste, urea, superphosphate, potassium sulphate, expanded vermiculite, expanded perlite, quick lime, ferrous sulfate and super absorbent resin. The bentonite carbonization nutrient soil contains a large number of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter and microelements, is the high-quality nutrient soil which has complete nutrition ingredients, is high in fertilizer efficiency and good in water retention capacity, and has no toxicity or bacteria or harm or foul smell, the bentonite carbonization nutrient soil is applicable to planting flowers and nursery stock, and the production method for the bentonite carbonization nutrient soil is applicable to producing carbonization nutrient soil and nutrition media.


As part of a project that is examining how to support teachers in the use of challenging tasks and those teacher actions that encourage students to persist, we focused on the activities of students and teachers during seatwork. We describe the nature of teacher interactions with students, student behaviours when working on challenging tasks, and the relationships between the two. Interactions that seemed most beneficial were brief, and usually preceded by the teacher watching and listening to the students at work.


Background: It has been seen that epidemiology and clinical presentation of dengue infection differs significantly across geographical areas. The present study was done to study clinico-hematological profile of patients with dengue fever in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary level teaching hospital in Navi Mumbai. All patients were observed over their entire duration of their hospital stay (up to 7 days). We included adult patients of both gender (males or females) who were admitted with clinically and serological diagnosed dengue fever, consenting to participate in the study.  The clinical, laboratory and radiological findings of the patients were noted. Results: All 80 patients presented with fever while 71.25% had myalgia. Retro-orbital pain, rash and vomiting was observed in 38%, 26% and 26% respectively, whereas 23.75% patients were having cough and bleeding from any site. Three fourths of the patients were diagnosed with dengue, 18.75% and 6.25% were diagnosed with DHF and DSS. respectively. Hepatosplenomegaly was increasing from day 1 (9%) to 6th (60%) and 7th (60%) day. Mean haemoglobin levels and haematocrit started increasing from second day onwards, while WBC count and platelet count increased gradually from first day onwards. Splenomegaly was diagnosed in 3.75% of patients while hepatosplenomegaly and fatty liver was observed in 8.75% and 2.5% respectively. There were two deaths, both were cases of DSS. Conclusions: Almost all the patients included in our study showed both haematological and biochemical abnormalities.


Introduction: Ewing's battery of cardiac autonomic function tests provides a single value ignoring the decline in autonomic function with ageing.  Objective: To derive age related normal range of heart rate response to deep breathing at six respiratory cycles per minute (HRV) from healthy subjects and estimate the prevalence of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in diabetes. Materials and Methods: HRV was measured in 207 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 141 healthy subjects matched for age and sex of diabetics. Abnormal scores had been defined as those more than 2 standard deviation below the mean value in controls. Results : Diabetics had lower HRV compared to controls in above the ≤ 40 year's age groups (p < 0.0001). Abnormal HRV expressed in beats per minute for different class intervals of age was: ≥ 40 years: < 17; 41-50 years :< 13; 51-60 years: < 11; ≥ 61 years :< 7.Abnormal HRV was observed in 11.59% of diabetics. Conclusion: Single value generates falls negative results among younger and falls positive results among older age groups. Thus age related normal range of HRV is appreciated in defining cardiac parasympathetic dysfunction in diabetics.


A 62-year-old man was referred to our emergency department because of acute onset of abdominal pain after a colonoscopic examination to exclude colonic cancer. On arrival, his vital signs included temperature of 36.3°C, pulse rate of 97/min, respiratory rate of 20/min and blood pressure of 93/53 mmHg. Physical examination revealed diffuse abdominal …


Having completed her studies at a conservatoire in London, England in 1925 she began a career in singing. Her husband's employment brought her to Canada in 1939 and her work in music education began in that country. She directed the University Settlement School in the city of Toronto where music classes were offered to new immigrants and to the poor. Later, while living in Regina, she initiated the Saskatchewan Junior Concerts which run to this day, bringing professional artists to public school children throughout the province. Finally, in 1966, the Cass-Beggs moved to Ottawa where they remained and Barbara put into practice her ideas for introducing babies and young children to music. Shortly after launching the Listen Like Learn Music Programme, she published her methodology in the first of several books which shared with all educators her novel and original views on the importance of, and the methods for, introducing music into the lives of small children. Both her books and her programmes are in high demand today. The Listen Like Learn Music Programme is unique in that it begins with a series of classes for parents and babies. In every music class the babies are introduced to a variety of musical concepts such as high, low and medium pitches, the dynamics of fast, slow, loud and soft. By using vocal and instrumental sounds, trained teachers help them to learn to listen and encourage parents in the


Started with 50's intermediate stages in 20th century,the Sino-Soviet two parties started to appear the argument and the difference gradually,then developed to the 60's big polemics,and finally caused the severance and the relations between the two countries which the Sino-Soviet two parties related seriously enough to draw back.Deng Xiaoping in these polemics,as Chinese Government commander in chief,played the important and pivotal role,had made the brilliant contribution with his intelligence and ability as China's diplomatic enterprise.


The classical AM-GM inequality has been generalized in a number of ways. Generalizations which incorporate variance appear to be the most useful in economics and finance, as well as mathematically natural. Previous work leaves unanswered the question of finding sharp bounds for the geometric mean in terms of the arithmetic mean and variance. In this paper we prove such an inequality. A particular consequence is easily described: among all positive sequences having given length, arithmetic mean and nonzero variance, the geometric mean is maximal when all terms in the sequence except one are equal to each other and are less than the arithmetic mean.


In this paper,based on the fuzzy mathematics theory, established prediction function model about the surface movement deformation caused by underground mining. On the basis of the measured data of a large number of engineering, determined the fuzzy measure expression. The function model is applied to a surface movement deformation prediction in the mines, combine with the Matlab, implement the surface movement deformation's 3D visualization. The results of prediction was coincident with the test data, illustrated that the function model has certain validity and practicability. The method provided an exploration for the reserch of Surface Movement Deformation Prediction method.


There is not a well-developed method to identify accurately the risk source of groundwater pollution at present,so a risk source identification model including the vulnerability and contaminant source,coupling of many factors,was constructed based on the comprehensive analysis of contaminant source structure and the evaluation of contaminant transport process in this study.Hazard assessment parameters system of contaminant source was established from the characteristics of sources and pollutants.Groundwater vulnerability index and potential hazard assessment index of contaminant source were used to evaluate and classify the risk source by product model.The method was applied to a groundwater supply source,and which identified high-risk areas of groundwater contamination.The results show that risk source of groundwater pollution was effectively determined by contaminant source and the vulnerability assessment,and the method was of great importance for the prevention of groundwater contamination and effective supervision of contaminant source.


The fact–value distinction is grounded in an apparent contrast. Facts constitute reality. They are what they are regardless of what anyone thinks about them or wants them to be. Our relation to facts is cognitive: Judgments of fact are objective; they both can and should be responsive to reasons. Values are considerations that bear on choiceworthiness. They are personal. Our relation to them is conative: They directly inform the will. Together, judgments about facts and assessments of value rationalize action. Because Jim wants a drink and believes that the glass contains water, he drinks from the glass. His wanting consists in his considering the slaking of his thirst valuable; his belief concerns what will in fact slake his thirst. His action would be irrational if the two factors did not work together.

Keywords:

metaethics;
metaphysics


scope for specialized examinations and pleads for the provision of further facilities for research and training. Edward F. Griffith deals with "Marriage and Family Life". In a very contentious field he takes a broad view, which embraces the bypaths of petting, masturbation and frigidity. William Moodie deals with "The Future of Child Guidance". There is an interesting mention of anomalies of lateral dominance. Very cogently he writes that "the well-disciplined child knows just how far he can go and the limitations of the boundaries of his freedom. Within these he is free. The undisciplined child cannot experience that freedom of action, because he does not know at what point his actions may land him in difficulties". The modern trend is for guidance and reasonable control. Harry Stalker writes on "Psychopathic Personality" and J. C. Whitehorn on "Psychotherapy". The latter gives a masterlv account of such factors as the doctor's attitude, transrerence and timing. He points out that lack of time is a common excuse by physicians who wish to evade their psychotherapeutic obligattons, yet it is often possible in one session to accomplish an effective and enduring job. Psychotherapy resembles the dramatic art. "The situation needs to be set, the issue delineated and the confiicting forces recognized, before there can be an effective challenge and a resolution of the issue. These steps may take months or seconds. The therapist's timing depends not upon a calendar schedule, but upon an appreciation and a close following of the issues which exist in the patient's mind, and an evaluation of his preparedness to make a strategic move in their resolution." Harold Palmer, of New Zealand, has an informative chapter on the various physical treatments of modern psychiatry. Those who are interested in abreaction will find practical help in the chapter by J. R. P. Edkins on further developments. Case histories are given. Photographs showing whip marks and bloodstains during abreactlve sessions draw attention to the deep-seated material involved in this method of treatment. . It is impossible in a short review to do justice to Joshua Bierer's discussion on "Modern Social and Group Therapy". to a chapter by H. V. Dicks on "Principles of' Mental Hygiene", and to H. R. Hamley on "Character Formation in Relation to Education". The very important topic of "Personnel Selection" is dealt with by T. Ferguson Rodger. He prophesies that the psychiatrist will be involved still further in decisions regarding occupational adjustment. The concluding chapters are by R. R. Tredgold on "Mental Hygiene in Industry", by T. F. Main on "Rehabilitation and the Individual", and by Jules H. Masserman on "Psychological Medicine and World Affairs". In the last-mentioned we are urged to take our psychiatric tools to the bedside of a sick world. . "Modern Trends in Psychological Medicine" is a work which should be on the bookshelf of every physician who is interested in the study of psychiatry and psychosomatic medicine.


The present article reveals the existing filiation between the narrative production of Alejo Carpentier and his literary essays. Carpentier's literary essay, a late genre in the chronology of his whole corpus, plays an exegetical role and illuminates techniques, narratological resources, and Scriptural traits which were the breeding ground of the authorial novel. From a structural perspective, Carpentier's novel crystalizes in a model reconfigured from the chronicle of the Indies that allows a broadening of history and its re-reading from different viewpoints. Re-writing the past allows, according to the author, to intervene in history from an ethical and epistemic angle, which resolves itself in a reconfiguring of the sociopolitical imagery. With my research I will illustrate the theoretical development of this model, whose systematic value was highlighted by the author in the conference «The social role of the novelist», while I shall functionally follow the trail of its aesthetic realization in the novel "Concierto barroco.


With China's economic and social development, but also promote the development of education in our country. In the development of education and teaching, through the use of modern science and technology, to achieve a good educational effect. Therefore, this paper on the use of this network of modern science and technology platform, construction are analyzed and discussed and innovation of methods of Ideological and Political Education under the new situation, hope that through this study, to further promote the development and innovation of Ideological and political education. Keywords—Network, ideological and political education method, construction, innovation


This report documents the results of a qualitative common cause failure analysis (CCFA) of the essential auxiliary power system of the McGuire Nuclear Station Unit 2, which is owned and operated by Duke Power Company. The CCFA method is described. The analysis showed that potential problems exist for common-manufacturer and same-type components, but no potential problems were found attributable to environmental conditions - steam, humidity, etc. - because of the diversity and redundancy of the system.


Background: COVID-19 pandemic has pulled us all a few steps back, were we never shake hands or hug each other when we meet our friends and family after a gap, but instead we greet them by saying Namaste and joining our hands together. As we all know, COVID-19 spreads through air and the only way to shield ourselves is by maintaining a safe distance from one another. Methodology: In order to conduct a meta-analysis on the number of COVID-19 cases in Kerala and India, the data was retrieved from various sites hosted by the government bodies. The data for analysis was collected from May 2020 to July 2020. The average number of days required to reach every 5000 fresh cases were also calculated using this data. COVID-19 has affected all the economy holistically regardless of financial, behavioral, or societal aspects. Conclusion: Lifting of the lockdown in a step by step process keeping in mind the necessities for the nation was a thoughtful act, but the people who mistook this opportunity and did not remain in quarantine after coming from abroad was recognized as the reasons behind the sudden and uncontrolled rise in the number of COVID-19 cases in Kerala, India. The government authorities had no other option but to lift the restrictions to reduce the economic burdens that had already affected the daily wage worker and farmers prompting them to give up their lives.


Plastic and polythene are useful innovations and are used for many products ranging from paper clips to spaceships due to their cost effectiveness, versatility, ease of production, and water resistant. However, the misuse and improper disposal of plastic and polythene create serious environmental, health, social, and financial issues. Thus, it is important to adhere to responsible disposal methods. The present study focused on the magnitude of usage, disposal methods, public awareness, and perception toward household polythene and plastic usage and disposal methods. A total of 150 respondents were selected using the cluster sampling technique in the Kuruwita Pradeshiya Sabha, Ratnapura, Sri Lanka. The data were collected through face‐to‐face and online interviews. The weights of the collected wastes were measured through a handheld digital scale. The findings of the study revealed that the majority of the respondents use polythene and plastic products and 83.33% of the respondents use these for their daily life due to the lack of alternatives and easy availability. The majority of the respondents mentioned the use of separate bags for shopping made out of eco‐friendly materials. Shopping in supermarkets has been a reason to increase the usage of polythene and plastic. HDPE, PET, and LDPE were the most commonly‐used plastics types and among which HDPE was the highest (24%) in the study area. Findings further revealed that the people with post‐graduate education used more polythene and plastic (19.8%) and the usage was higher (40.39%) in families in the non‐governmental sector. The participants with monthly income higher than 100,000 LKR used more polythene and plastic (28.84%) compare to others. The common way of disposing of was burning and participants had only a fair knowledge of banning, recycling, reusing, and controlling plastic waste. The study revealed the need for strict regulations and necessary actions to control the usage of polythene‐based products.


M malnutrition affects billions of people and continues to impose substantial health, economic and social burdens worldwide. Zinc (Zn) is one of the essential micronutrients crucial for both plants and humans. It is an exceptional micronutrient in respect to its diverse and critical functions in biological systems such as maintenance of structural and functional integrity of biological membranes and as a cofactor for more than 300 enzymes. Zn deficiency is one of the major yield limiting factors. The major limitation for plant to acquire Zn may be due to low content in soil or problem in uptake and translocation within plant system.


Cascade Integrator Comb(CIC)filter is the main part of the next generation High Frequency (HF) radar. This paper describes the key points of CIC theory in the Digital Down Conversion (DDC) module of a radar receiver, and takes advantage of the high flexibility and high density feature of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) for putting forth to design the CIC filter by using FPGA. This paper provides particular insight into design by FPGA, which has advantages in high speed operation and simply structure. Some important and practical applications are given in this paper. The simulation result proves the validity and veracity. Because we can adjust the parameters freely according to our need,the CIC filter can be adapted to the next generation HF radar.


This paper presents the results of measurements of the dissipation of a traffic 'shock front' when a platoon of traffic is released on the green signal at pedestrian controlled traffic lights. The results are used to study the applicability of kinematic wave theory to single lane traffic flow, and in doing this the relevance of straight line, reciprocal and exponential speed/ density relationships is investigated. Generalised criteria for relating microscopic and macroscopic measures of the main traffic flow parameters headway, velocity and density are also developed (A).


Abstract The joint production of a single output from a single input by a group of potential users of a technology is usually analyzed in the literature using a "cooperative" approach. We provide an analysis for such economies by means of non-cooperative bargaining. Two bargaining models are analyzed, one based on demands the other on proposals. We show that the convexity of the production function implies that subgame perfect equilibrium outcomes of these bargaining games are coalition stable, (i.e., core outcomes). In the case of the proposal model, the equilibrium outcomes yield even a full characterization of the core. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers C72, D21, D42.


ABSTRACT An integral equation approach is applied to calculate the propagation characteristics of high temperature thin-film superconducting lines at high frequencies. To evaluate losses in these lines, the superconducting strips are replaced by frequency-dependent surface impedance boundaries. The values of these surface impedances are measured experimentally by a TE01 cavity technique. Using this method, a parametric study is performed where phase and attenuation constants as well as characteristic impedance are evaluated as functions of frequency, temperature, permittivity and geometry of the structure.


Abstract : The overall purpose of this study is to define a joint test, or series of tests, concerning the ability of the services to conduct LOTs operations, and the means to accomplish such test(s). Guidance provided by the study sponsor which shaped the test definition included the following: (1) Tests would include a containership and breakbulk ship, with consideration also given to the inclusion of a bargeship and roll-on/roll-off ship. (2) Major areas of evaluation would include the quantitative exploration of LOTS systems deployment techniques; Ship discharge procedure; Ship-to-shore lighterage functions; Beach organization/preparation; and Overall management and control aspects. and (3) That the tests would be undertaken in the Fiscal Year 1976-77 time period.


PrankWeb is an online resource providing an interface to P2Rank, a state-of-the-art ligand binding site prediction method. P2Rank is a template-free machine learning method which is based on the prediction of ligandability of local chemical neighborhoods centered on points placed on a solvent accessible surface of a protein. Points with high ligandability score are then clustered to form the resulting ligand binding sites. On top of that, PrankWeb then provides a web interface enabling users to easily carry out the prediction and visually inspect the predicted binding sites via an integrated sequence-structure view. Moreover, PrankWeb can determine sequence conservation for the input molecule and use it in both the prediction and results visualization steps. Alongside its online visualization options, PrankWeb also offers the possibility to export the results as a PyMOL script for offline visualization. The web frontend communicates with the serer side via a REST API. Therefore, in high-throughput scenarios users can utilize the server API directly, bypassing the need for a webbased front end or installation of the P2Rank application. PrankWeb is available at http://prankweb.cz/. The source code of the web application and the P2Rank method can be accessed at https://github.com/jendelel/PrankWebApp and https://github.com/rdk/p2rank, respectively.


![Graphic][1]

Basal microtubules converge (yellow arrowhead) and are stabilized by end- to-side (red arrows) and side-to-side (pink arrows) interactions.Epithelial microtubules (MTs) rely on the cortex and each other to create stable organized patterns, as shown by Reilein et al. (

[


In a Nash equilibrium, every participant's strategy is the optimal reaction to the strategies of others. Based on economic theory, this paper analyses core stakeholders' behaviour in the tourism community at Qingcheng Mountain, Chengdu, China. Taking taxation, land prices and employment as the payoffs, and the local government, the community and the investors as the players, the incomplete information static game model is applied to outline the stakeholders' behaviour. The paper also examines who benefits the most and who occupies a dominant position. The results indicate that the game strategy of residents in Qingcheng Mountain is influenced by the investors. The influence of the investors is also crucial in the decision making mechanism of the tourism community to maintain sustainable tourism development.


Since the start of the National Blood Program in 1950 there has been a consistent loss of a small percentage of blood collected for processing into plasma due to excessive hemolysis. Although the over-all incidence of hemolysis has been fairly consistent, the daily occurrence has been sporadic, and not attributable to any one collection center. This recurring irregularity has aroused much curiosity and, indeed, concern, for although the percentage is small, it represents a formidable total number of units of blood. Many of these bloods are not lost entirely, for they may be diverted to fractionation. Still, the constant presence of unnecessarily hemolyzed blood of unknown cause has been a matter for consideration. Since hemolysis often results from improper techniques, such as contamination 1 or rough handling of the blood including temperature irregularities, 2 it serves as a readily available sign of trouble 3 when seen in whole blood or


The invention relates to a composite which comprises a matrix material made of an amorphous polyamide with a glass transition temperature of at least 180 DEG C. The composites according to the invention are used for the production of reinforced components in the fields of sport, leisure, engineering industry, electronics, construction, medical technology, communication and transport means and aeronautical and aerospace engineering.


In May, 2002, a most important consignment of records returned from Russia to Belgium. It concerns records stolen by the German occupier during the Second World War, that ended up in the Soviet Union. The localisation of the records of the National Insitute for Social History in the Osoby-Archives in Moscou, was the immediate cause for Amsab to look for other records as well. In this interview, Michel Vermote looks back on ten years of searching for Belgian records in Russia.


The Quick Test appears to be a relatively adequate instrument for screening retarded individuals because it provides a non-verbal mode of response. During screening of moderately retarded individuals, Ss appeared to require relatively longer times to respond than normals and frequently moved their fingers over several of the pictures before selecting one. Examiners should allow sufficient time for response. There are sequences wichin Form 2 which are so arranged that a stereotyped response pattern moving in a clockwise fashion around the four pictures might produce more correct answers than would otherwise be obtained. A possible control is alteration of the order of such items.


Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease characterized by a defective adaptive immune receptor repertoire (AIRR) that fails to distinguish self from non-self antigens. The AIRR is vast, encompassing four T cell receptor (TCR) and three B cell receptor (BCR) chains, each of which displays an extraordinary amino acid sequence variability in the antigen-binding site. How the concerted action of T and B cell clones is associated with the development and clinical evolution of immune-mediated diseases is still not known. Using a new immunosequencing technology that allows the unbiased amplification of the seven receptor chains, we conducted an in-depth quantitative analysis of the seven-receptor chain variability in RA. Compared to healthy controls, the AIRR in RA was found to be characterized by a lower BCR diversity, the depletion of highly similar BCR clones, an isotype-specific signature as well as a skewed IGL chain and gene segment usage. A predictor based on quantitative multi-chain AIRR information was able to accurately predict disease, including the elusive seronegative subset of RA patients. AIRR features of the seven immune receptor chains were also different between patients with distinct clinically relevant phenotypes. Incorporating HLA variation data, we were able to identify the TCR clones that are specifically associated with disease risk variants. The longitudinal analysis of the AIRR revealed that treatment with Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) inhibitors selectively restores the diversity of B cell clones in RA patients by reducing the frequency of clones with a similar biochemical profile. The biochemical properties of the TNFi-modulated clones were also found to differ between responders and non-responders, supporting a different antigenic reactivity in the B cell compartment of these two groups of RA patients. Our comprehensive analysis of the TCR and BCR repertoire reveals a complex T and B cell architecture in RA, and provides the basis for precision medicine strategies based on the highly informative features of the adaptive immune response.


This letter presents an overview of the market trends and requirements for the energy consumption of optical equipment and a survey of low power design techniques.


The aim of this paper is to research the challenges related to the ways of advancing management of multi-sided platforms within local and multinational firms that have subsidiaries spread across cultures and economic regions and the means of innovating through their use. The paper explores challenges and opportunities that arise in construction of local MSP's competitiveness in Russia: both for competitiveness policies and for MSP management.Keywords: Multi-sided Network Platforms, Local MSPs, E-finance, Search Engine MSP


A published set of downstream targets of MyoD defined in a well-controlled in vitro experiment was filtered for rel to muscle regeneration using a 27-time-point in vivo murine regeneration series. Using interactive hierarchical and B clustering, only a minority of the targets defined in vitro can be confirmed in vivo ( ∼50% of induced transcripts, and none repressed transcripts). This approach provided strong support that 18 targets including of MyoD are biologically releva myoblast differentiation. To cite this article: P. Zhao et al., C. R. Biologies 326 (2003).  2003 Académie des sciences. Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.


The urgency of the problem lies in the fact that the development of methods and mathematical models of the measurement s-parameters in the coaxial paths in the scientific and practical aspects enhances the accuracy and adequacy of measuring S-parameters of active microwave circuits, for the improvement of the work of the microwave technology, to ultrahigh frequency range, which in turn, increases the cost-effectiveness of production. The task of ensuring the continuity of the parameters of standard measures within its operating frequency range these days is one of the important tasks in the field of metrological assurance of measurement of parameters of complex reflection and transmission phase and module in coaxial paths. This problem is due to the fact that the certification standard measures have a finite set of experimentally determined parameters of these measures and the consumer need to know the parameters of the measures at any point of the frequency range. splineinterpolation was used to solve this problem. A serious drawback of the previously used methods of measurement of radio circuits maintain the unity of their parameters is some isolation from the existing measurement methods and measurement error analysis methods that are not allowed to use the opportunities of high-precision measurement methods and algorithms to improve the accuracy of devices supporting traceability and vice versa. The purpose of this article the creation of new methods and mathematical models of high-precision measurement of S-parameters, ensuring their use in any point of the frequency range with high accuracy through the use of spline functions.


The goals of education are to promote the academic, as well as the social development of students. Cooperative learning is one way to attain that goal. This paper will recreate cooperative learning research, in a New York high school Earth Science Regents inclusive classroom using lesson study. It does not specifically address one or more types of learning disabilities, but rather how teachers can help all students with learning disabilities in the inclusive classroom. Document Type Thesis Degree Name MS in Mathematics, Science, and Technology Education This thesis is available at Fisher Digital Publications: http://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/mathcs_etd_masters/119


In light of the enterprises' requirements for flexibility,high productivity,and low labor intensity on the part of single-cylinder diesel engine block in bearing press mounting machine,along with high security risks in manually placing bearings,the article designs two NC bearing press mounting machines with a mirror image on either side.The machine tool uses NC slide platform as a workbench to design a locating device for automatically pushing bearings.With PLC as the control core,effective automation of workpiece clamping,bearing placing and bearing press mounting is realized in the process of bearing press mounting,offering to enterprises production e-quipment of the bottleneck process.


R eference is made to about 200 species of fossil plants and plant fragments previously reported from Upper Eocene to Pleistocene/ Holocene strata of Jebel Qatrani area in northern Fayum Depression. The fossils belong to algae, pteridophytes and angiosperms. Comments are made on the origin of the flora, palaeoenvironment and palaeoclimate.


According as the determining method and the assessing criterion,the uncertainty assessing of measuree result of tungsten in U3O8 by ICP-AES is researched.With the assessment of each component in detail,the result shows that urel(sc) urel(c) urel(F) urel(m) by uncertainty contribution.Other uncertainty is random,calculated by repetition.urel(sc) is contributed to uncertainty mainly.So the general uncertainty is reduced with strict operation to reduce urel(sc).


The products of decomposition of solutions of p-chlorobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate in aqueous buffer solutions (pH 9.0–10.3; ionic strength 0.1–0.5) at 20.0° have been analyzed quantitatively. Up to eleven low molecular weight compounds could be identified besides the major product, the complex polymeric diazo tar. The distribution of products is influenced by trace amounts of oxygen as well as by p-chlorophenol and the radical trapping reagent iodoacetic acid. Mechanisms of formation of the products are discussed.


Chelation and compartmentalization are important mechanisms for metal tolerance in plants. Thiol-containing peptides, i.e., glutathione (GSH), phytochelatins (PCs), and metallothioneins (MTs), are metal ligands and play important roles in metal tolerance in plants. This article summarizes the present knowledge about the functions of these thiol-containing peptides in plant heavy metal tolerance, especially for Cd, As, and Cu. GSH participates in the amelioration of metal-induced oxidative stress. Metal-GSH complexes are the substrate for PC synthesis. Thus, enhanced GSH synthesis can increase metal tolerance in plants. PCs, a set of thiol-rich peptides with the general structure (γ-GluCys)n-Gly, play an essential role in constitutive Cd and tolerance, whereas PCs are not involved in adaptive Cd tolerance. In contrast, PCs are required for both constitutive and adaptive As tolerance in plants. PCs may play a role in constitutive Cu tolerance in some plants, but they are not involved in Ni or Zn tolerance. MTs may play an important role in constitutive Cu tolerance, and may be involved, to some extent, in Cd tolerance in plants.

Keywords:

chelation;
glutathione;
phytochelatins;
metallothioneins;
metal tolerence;
peptides


Acute exacerbations (AE) of interstitial pneumonia are characterised by a rapid decline in respiratory function and oxygenation, and the appearance of new radiological abnormalities: ground-glass opacification/consolidation superimposed on pre-existing patterns of interstitial pneumonia, typically during the preceding month in patients with chronic fibrosing interstitial pneumonia. While AE is associated with a high mortality rate, survivors of AE are severely impaired and are potential candidates for consideration of lung transplantation. First reported in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) [1], AEs have also been reported in other idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs), such as nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD) that includes fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (FHP), and connective tissue disease-related ILDs. Well-designed multicentre clinical trials are warranted to determine a safe and efficacious treatment regimen for patients with acute exacerbation of IPF and fibrotic lung disease beyond IPF http://bit.ly/3KnaHtV


This Presentation is brought to you for free and open access by the Public Lands Institute at Digital Scholarship@UNLV. It has been accepted for inclusion in Presentations (PLI) by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com. Repository Citation Rees, M. N. (2006, April). Earth Science & Public Policy: Increasing Our Spheres of Influence. Presentation at Earth Science & Public Policy: Increasing Our Spheres of Influence, University of Nevada, Las Vegas.


The thermal atomic layer etching (ALE) of VO2 was demonstrated using sequential exposures of BCl3 and SF4. The VO2 etch rate measured by quartz crystal microbalance investigations at 250 °C was 2.3 Å/cycle. The mass losses during individual BCl3 and SF4 reactions were nearly self-limiting versus BCl3 and SF4 exposures. The VO2 etch rates were also dependent on temperature and varied from 0.05 Å/cycle at 150 °C to 2.3 Å/cycle at 250 °C. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy studies observed VO2 etching by monitoring the decrease in absorbance from V—O stretching vibrations in the VO2 film. The FTIR spectra during the initial BCl3 exposures on the VO2 film observed the growth of absorbance from B—O stretching vibrations from B2O3 and the concurrent loss of V=O vibrational features. These changes were consistent with BCl3 converting VO2 to B2O3. The FTIR difference spectra during subsequent SF4 and BCl3 reactions also observed the growth and loss of absorbance features that were attributed to F3V=O and V—F stretching vibrations, respectively. These changes indicate that SF4 fluorinates VO2 to form a VOF3 surface layer and then BCl3 undergoes ligand-exchange with VOF3 to volatilize the VOF3 surface layer as VOCl3. There was also evidence for conversion of VO2 to B2O3 during BCl3 exposures and then removal of B2O3 by SF4 exposures. In addition, quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS) measurements observed that the SF4 exposures produced ion intensities for SOxFyClz products in oxidation states greater than 4+. These SOxFyClz products indicate that SF4 is being oxidized and acting as a deoxyfluorination reactant. Concurrently, the QMS analysis also monitored ion intensity for S8+, S7+, S6+, S5+, and S4+. These S8 electron impact ionization products argue that SF4 oxidation occurs concurrently with SF4 reduction. The QMS also observed ion intensities corresponding to VCl4+ and VOCl3+. The presence of VOCl3+ indicates that the oxidation state of vanadium has increased to 5+ in some of the volatile etch products. The QMS also detected trichloroboroxin (B3O3Cl3) during BCl3 exposures. B3O3Cl3 is a known etch product of B2O3 during BCl3 exposures. BCl3 can convert VO2 to B2O3 and then proceed to etch the converted B2O3. Thermal VO2 ALE using BCl3 and SF4 reveals the rich complexity of surface etching reactions that can proceed by multiple pathways including conversion, ligand-exchange, and oxidation state changes.


In this paper we show that the analysis of interprocessor data movement in terms of sourcelevel data structures can be e ective in performance debugging. We present a method for the low overhead run time monitoring of interprocessor communication in terms of data structures. We show how performance indices based on postmortem analysis of the collected trace data can guide the user directly to the causes of poor performance. One of the most important decisions a programmer has to make in writing parallel programs is with regard to data structure distributions and alignments. Even so, there are very few performance tools which attempt to provide statistics or views of programs in terms of the data structure interactions resulting from those alignments. Current tools for message passing programs provide mechanisms for studying performance from the processor and function perspectives only. We demonstrate that our approach, based on postmortem analysis of trace les augmented with data structure information, o ers a rich set of performance indices and views that can be used to debug the performance of parallel programs.


Wireless electromagnetic charging becomes an important useful module for the internet of things (IoT) devices. The majority of commercial applications utilize the wireless radiofrequency (RF) charging in 2.45 GHz band. This frequency band ensures the design compactness of either the antenna or the rectification unit. In this study, a compact RF-DC rectifier operating at 2.45 GHz is investigated. The proposed rectifier employs a coplanar strip line (CPS) configuration and a lumped LC component used for the impedance matching. The CPS architecture is selected so it provides a balanced output DC voltage which is appropriate for directly supplying the CMOS circuitry of the IoT devices. The impedance matching is simply constructed using an L-section of reactive elements. To greatly enhances the output DC voltage, the rectifier is built using multistage voltage-doubler configuration. The performance of the rectifier is evaluated, and the measurements were compared with the simulation results. The rectifier efficiency is estimated over the frequency band from 1.8 to 3 GHz, and it indicates a flat response for the RF-DC efficiency. The peak efficiency of the rectifier reaches up to 53% over the band of interest. This rectifier can find several applications in wireless communication and IoT electronic circuits.


For a Z-connected set system,the concept of Z-connected algebraic poset is introduced.We prove that the category of Z-connected algebraic posets is dually equivalent to a full subcategory of the category of strongly algebraic lattices.


The weather patterns in Taiwan have been more changeable in recent years. Taking rainfall as an example, natural disasters that lead to major damage are often caused by heavy rainfall in a short period of time. Therefore, how to effectively predict changes in weather patterns has become an important issue for the development of disaster prevention technology. In this paper, an AI-based query system using a convolutional auto-encoder is developed for historical weather radar reflectivity retrieval that is expected to forecast heavy rainfall soon. When the weather radar receives a current radar reflectivity, meteorologists can employ the query system to quickly search for the historical radar reflectivity with the weather characteristics similar to the one to be queried. The experimental results reveal that under the given MSE threshold of 58,000, the average pass rate achieves 83.9% for the ranked top 10 similar results from 33,461 historical records via 4,319 query tests in total. Without considering the model loading time of 60 seconds, the execution time of each query requires 6 seconds for only listing query results or 8 seconds for including saving resulting maps in pseudo-colour.


The twenty-first century is an era of multilanguage personalities and polyglots. The interaction of peoples around the world, their desire for mutual understanding, the international position in the field of education on the intensification of learning languages, wide access to the educational space of the world community—all this demonstrates the importance of multilanguage competence in the modern world. By creating a solid foundation in the field of professional training in foreign languages, we form the ability to use them as a means of intercultural communication.