Digital game-based learning (DGBL) has gained traction on various educational levels in recent years as educators continue to seek best practices and researchers keep conducting studies to investigate the affordances and constraints of such technology-mediated instruction. This paper discusses the intersections between the historical development of educational digital games and contemporary theories of learning. Resultant from the review, a typology of educational digital games consisting of four genres -- edutainment and educational game applications, serious games, commercial off the shelf and massive multiplayer online role-playing games, and educational game design tools--is devised to help teachers interested in digital games better understand the pedagogical processes and cope with challenges involved in implementing DGBL. The paper concludes with the importance that the implementation of different genres of educational digital games in instruction entails teachers' usage of different pedagogical strategies in accordance with the chosen game genre and opportunities to teach subject area content.


The article is devoted to the problems of preservation of unified information space of Russia, to strengthening of its influence in the modern society, and also to definition of national interests in information sphere. The information paradigm, which centers according to the author, around the idea of the information as the main factor of modern geopolitical dynamics is considered.


This paper presents the simulation model of Dual Magnetodiode and Dual Schottky Magnetodiode using Sentaurus TCAD to simulate the virtual structure of magneto device and apply Hall Effect to measure magnetic field response of the device. Firstly, we use the program to simulate the magnetodiode with p-type semiconductor and aluminum anode and measure electrical properties and magnetic field sensitivity. Simulation results show that sensitivity of Dual Schottky magnetodiode is higher than that of Dual magnetodiode.


As a child in Malmesbury, Thomas Hobbes had an opportunity to observe many of the social and political phenomena that he considered in his later work. Contemporary sources reveal that Hobbes lived in a community that was wracked by marked animosity between different social groups, frequent disorder and a lack of consensus about the legitimacy of local political institutions. There was tension between the town's elite and a proletariat of impoverished workers. Different members of the elite clashed, sometimes violently, as they competed for local ascendancy. Hobbes's extended family was heavily involved in these events. His hometown was deeply troubled. It was also a place where people had access to some "political" vocabulary which they used when describing their discontents and conflicts. The possible influence of Hobbes's early experiences on his intellectual development has attracted little previous attention.


The ultrafast electronic relaxation and the hydrogen-bond-formation/dissociation dynamics of photoexcited all-trans retinal in 1-butanol/cyclohexane mixed solvents have been studied by femtosecond time-resolved visible absorption spectroscopy. Four transient absorption bands, which can be assigned to the S3, S2, S1, and T1 states, were observed in neat cyclohexane. The shapes and the dynamics of these absorption bands agree very well with those reported previously for all-trans retinal in hexane. In contrast, only three transient absorption bands, which can be assigned to the S3, S2, and T1 states, were identified in the mixed solvents. The band assigned to the S2 state showed a time-dependent peak shift, which is attributed to solvent reorganization on a picosecond time scale. A kinetic analysis of the three transient absorption bands has led to the conclusion that no state-ordering change of the (n, π*) and (π, π*) states takes place in the excited singlet manifold upon hydrogen-bond formation. The 1-bu...


A significant aspect of political propaganda/marketing often employed by political parties in Nigeria during electioneering campaigns is the printing and pasting of posters in the public built environment. Posters usage as a political party propaganda is a recent development in Nigerian politics. Its evolution is traceable to internal development brought about by emergence of democratic rule in Nigeria and external influence in the introduction of printing into the country. The study therefore examines the impact of propaganda tools such as posters, billboards, banners and flyers on Nigerian-built environment. It aims at identifying the aesthetic and the cost of re-beautification of the defaced environment during electioneering campaign. The study employed the use of qualitative means of gathering and analyzing data, through the use of visual aids. Findings revealed that though posters are cheaper and far reaching especially to advertise middle level politicians, the environments were made unsightly through the indiscriminate pasting of posters and other propaganda tools. It also revealed that the decisions of electorates are not influenced by the use of posters. The paper suggested the proper and decent use of propaganda tools in designated areas and concluded that the environment deserves better handling than what is obtainable currently. The paper therefore, recommends the enactment of environmental laws banning indiscriminate pasting of posters on roundabouts, immovable vehicles, signage, bridges and tarred roads. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2016.v5n2p9


This paper gives an overview and preliminary results of a project to design new educational software for use in thermodynamics and fluid-related disciplines. In the past, educational software has been created for use as teaching aids, design tools, and even electronic textbooks. Where this project differs is in its emphasis on integration into the existing thermodynamics curriculum while simultaneously allowing improvement in teaching methods. Factors influencing the improvement of any course include a clear determination of course objectives and evaluative procedures. Comparison of the teaching and learning styles is another factor. Research shows that traditional teaching methods for thermodynamics leave gaps in the educational landscape. Whereas some software is designed independent of these considerations, the goal of this project is to fully integrate the curriculum objectives and knowledge of cognitive styles into the software development. Built around the programming environment of LabVIEW this material is intended to provide flexibility in the mode of presentation. Specifically, more active hands-on experience will be possible as well as a greater use of visual input. Most engineering students do not gain substantial hands-on experience in thermodynamics classes, due to time and equipment constraints. It is anticipated that use of the virtual instrument capabilities of LabVIEW will give students a closer approximation of real world experience through simulation.


We show that the soft X-ray spectra and light curves observedwiththeROSAT andEUV Efromtheclosestknown millisecond pulsar J0437-4715 can be interpreted as thermal ra- diation from two hot polar caps whose emitting layers (atmo- spheres) are comprised of hydrogen. The simplest model yields a uniform temperature of (0:8 0:9) 10 6 K within a cap radius of 0:7 0:9 km. The spectral ts indicate that the tem- peraturemaybenonuniformlydistributedalongthecapsurface. The distribution can be approximated by a central core heated up to (1 2) 10 6 K within a radius of 0:2 0:4 km, sur- rounded by a colder rim with temperatures (3 5) 10 5 K extending out to 2 6 km. The polar cap interpretation implies low column densities, (1 3) 10 19 cm 2 , and a high degree of ionization, > 20%, of the interstellar hydrogen towards the pulsar. The inferred bolometric luminosity of the polar caps, (1:0 1:6) 10 30 erg s 1 , is in excellent agreement with the predictions of the slot-gap model of radio pulsars developed by Arons and his coworkers. Similar polar cap radiation should be emitted by other millisecond pulsars, although in some of them (e. g., PSR B1821-24) the soft X-ray flux is dominated by the nonthermal radiation from pulsar magnetospheres.


In this paper specimen level measurements and finite element
simulations are introduced in order to study the thermal behaviour of
a pin and wheel sliding contact configuration. The pin-like specimen
is processed from cast iron and models the local contact of a railway
brake block and wheel tire. The sliding contact is treated in the
framework of a 3 dimensional problem in order to achieve reliable
results. The paper also treats with the heat partition problem by
distributed heat source and moving heat source models. The results are
compared to measured datas and show that the classical heat partition
approach is not valid for the friction pair examined i.e. the
contact. However authors determine the exact heat partition ratio by
an iterative approach and give explanations on the experienced
temperature differences.


Our research on the occurrence of free radicals with only two unconnected aromatic groups on the central atom, has now been extended to reactions of molecular silver with:

a.
bis-phenyl-chloromethane;

b.
bis-(4-methoxyphenyl)-chloromethane;

c.
bis-(2:4:6-triethylphenyl)-chloromethane.

We always found indications of the occurrence of free radicals.

We shall report on these reactions in detail in a subsequent communication. Of the substances required for this investigation, only bis-(2:4:6-triethylphenyl)-chloromethane has not been described in the literature.

Therefore in this communication we describe the preparation of this compound.


This paper describes the development of alternative time domain numerical simulation methods
for predicting large amplitude motions of ships and floating structures in response to incoming waves in the frame of potential theory. The developed alternative set of time domain methods simulate the hydrodynamic forces acting on ships advancing in waves with constant speed. For motions' simulation, the diffraction forces and radiation forces are calculated up to the mean wetted surface, while the Froude-Krylov forces and hydrostatic restoring forces are calculated up to the undisturbed incident wave surface in case of large incident wave amplitude. This enables the study of the above waterline hull form effect. Characteristic case studies on simulating the hydrodynamic forces and motions of standard type of ships have been conducted for validation purpose. Good agreement with other numerical codes and experimental data has been observed. Furthermore, the added resistance of ships in waves can be calculated by the presented methods. This capability supports the increased demand of this type of tools for the proper selection of engine/propulsion systems accounting for ship's performance in realistic sea conditions, or when optimizing ship's sailing route for minimum fuel consumption and toxic gas emissions.


This paper describes the design procedure of a phase-locked loop (PLL) preceded by a Kalman estimator-based filter. It provides a highly accurate and fast estimate of the grid frequency and phase angle in grid-connected power electronic applications. Moreover, it enables the transformation to the rotational dq frame for various control purposes. Closed-form equations allow for a performance driven design for both PLL and estimator. By using a variable sample frequency controlled by the PLL, the Kalman filter is always operated around its center frequency, which is the rated grid frequency. The new topology is compared to other published single-phase PLL designs and its operation is verified by both simulations and experiments. The PLL exhibits excellent performance even under severely distorted utility grid voltage conditions. This robustness makes it very suitable for use in systems connected to grids having an important share of non-linear loads


If the phase space X of a motion $x_{n + 1} = f(x_n )$ is discretized into a space of states $X_1 , \cdots ,X_N $, then probabilities can be assigned to sample paths in the state space so as to coincide with the ones assigned by a finite Markov chain. Theorems 1 and 2 show how the assignment of such probabilities rests on the properties of $f( \cdot )$ and on the construction of the states. Theorems 3 and 4 extend these results to the case in which $x_{n + 1} = f(x_n ,\omega )$, $\omega \in \Omega $ being a random event. Theorems 5 and 6 indicate certain applications relating to stochastic systems in which a decision-maker applies some control action which is fully or partially determined by the observed state of the system.


From outline: The present paper gives a detailed account of the glaciation of the Snowy mountains and of the upper valleys of the Yellowstone, whose deposits show an unusual phase of alpine glaciation. The evidence thus far gathered shows that a large body of ice, originating in the ice sheets of the Yellowstone National Park, pushed northward, filling the upper valleys of the Yellowstone and extending down that stream 36 miles north of the park boundary.


The field is developed within a complex environment, located within deep water and operated from a TLP / FPU facility. The wells are targeting 2 reservoir structures at 4000m TVD, requiring long and deviated wells to achieve field coverage. The reservoir is highly laminated with complex lithology requiring approximately 3:2 producers to injectors. Existing lower completion design utilizes a combination of cement and metal expandable annular sealing technology, to ensure zonal isolation and annular sealing (liner to formation) during the high-pressure stimulation and to ensure sealing over the life of well for zonal water shut off requirements. The oil reservoir is located approximately 20m TVD above a highly-pressurized water zone, making the oil producers challenging to drill and cement. Existing wells were drilled with a long shoe track into the water zone creating a possible flow path for the water to migrate along the annulus if annular sealing is not achieved.
 As part of a global efficiency drive, the operator issued a challenge to the service industry, to reduce the DRILLEX of these wells whilst maintaining the beneficial productivity index that has been achieved within the highly heterogeneous carbonate field, being prone to asphaltenes. One of the implemented solutions was cement replacement across the reservoir. The benefits of this solution impacted several areas; it removed the need for drilling 100m of rat hole, under reaming of the 6 ½″ hole, clean out of the 6 ½″ hole and most significantly, eliminating cementing of the 4 ½″ liner. This led to a substantial cost savings and reduction of rig time and because it simplified the operations, the operational risks were also reduced.
 The scope of work to deliver the solution included the design, development and qualification of the metal expandable annular sealing system. The project included validation of both sealing and anchoring of the cement-less liner within the open hole. The solution was also required to maintain the synergies with the perforation, acid stimulation and diversion techniques to achieve the required Productivity Index (PI) and Injectivity Index (II). The first deployment was within a well that was converted from producer to water injector. This would help validate the technology for further deployment on oil producers. The lower liner with the metal expandable annular sealing system was deployed from the rig whilst the activation (expansion) and subsequent acid stimulation were completed offline. Production and injectivity data were analysed and compared to the PI / II to the prior cemented and perforated well designs.
 This paper will discuss the project scope of work, first deployment of the metal expandable sealing system, data analysis and an estimate of the risk and cost reduction delivered.


In 1994, 40 percent of the nearly $300 billion of new-issue bonds sell with an insurance policy which gives them a Triple-A rating from the major rating agencies. Yet, "natural" Triple-A bonds those that don't carry this added protection - are valued higher in the market place. Robert Godfrey investigates this anomaly and proves to investors that insured Triple-A bonds are actually the best to buy. Investors should welcome Godfrey's insights, which reveal that Triple-A bonds have: a stronger credit rating than uninsured Triple As; an exceptionally low default rate; and built-in financial strength to protect them in dire economic times.


Stress analysis is one of the important works in finding the structural safety and integrity of a structure. In this work, initially, the main landing gear strength calculation based on the ultimate load is carried out analytically. The stress failure exists in the intermediate zone between the support bearing of the wheels and the clamping of the axle to the nose of the aircraft. To determine the causes of the failure, a material analysis was performed. The margin of safety for major components, such as axle, piston, cylinder, and yoke, as well as minor components, such as toggle link, toggle fork, stub fork, and bolts, is determined. Both analytical and FEA results for stresses are compared. It is found out that the factor by which the FEA and analytical results are varying. The margin of safety calculated by analytical work based on ultimate loads gives positive values as expected. The landing gear strength calculations by both analytical and FEA show the maximum stress for different load conditions based on ultimate loads are well within the ultimate strength of that material.


Two localities in the Paleozoic biogeographic province of the western Mediterranean previously listed as Permian, have been found to be medial Carboniferous. The sequence, lithofacies, and presumed diastrophic history of a marine Triassic column in southernmost Spain indicates the possibility of marine Permian strata. Available evidence does not demand a direct connection between the Permian Tethys of the Old World and that of the New World. However, there remains the possibility that southernmost Spain is a portal leading from Permian waters of the western Mediterranean into Permian waters of an Atlantic or proto-Atlantic "ocean."


In this article, we propose SPADE, an encrypted data deduplication scheme that resists compromised key servers and frees users from the key management problem. Specifically, we propose a proactivization mechanism for the servers-aided message-locked encryption (MLE) to periodically substitute key servers with newly employed ones, which renews the security protection and retains encrypted data deduplication. We present a servers-aided password-hardening protocol to resist dictionary guessing attacks. Based on the protocol, we further propose a password-based layered encryption mechanism and a password-based authentication mechanism and integrate them into SPADE to enable users to access their data only using their passwords. Provable security and high efficiency of SPADE are demonstrated by comprehensive analyses and experimental evaluations.


The methods of compacting dry polydisperse and nanometric powders into required shapes with improved density distribution have been developed: pressing under powerful ultrasonic action and collector pressing by the control of friction forces redistribution. Modeling and experimental investigation of the deformation process of a powder body by different methods show that in the case of ultrasonic pressing, the relative differential of density along the pressing height has decreased by 35% as compared to the conventional uniaxial pressing. Collector pressing promotes decreasing dispersion of density distribution by 10 times, and reducing the relative density differential along the sample height by 60%.


Although lake-dwelling trout frequently eat smaller conspecifics in the absence of other fish prey, there are fewer reports of cannibalism in stream populations. However, a coarse riverbed structure and low discharge may facilitate cannibalism by providing pools for large fish whilst limiting refuges for small ones. We estimated the autumn size structure and density of the seatrout population in a regulated stream in western Norway over a period of 12 years. Bioenergetics models were used to relate energy intake in large trout (≥ 17 cm) to the biomass of small fish present. The number of 0 + trout in autumn decreased with increasing abundance of large trout (log-log regression, nonlinear R 2 = 0.80, n = 10, p = 0.0005). The size distribution of 0 + trout in autumn had a lower mean, but more positive skewness, when many small fish were present. Twenty percent of the large trout sampled had parr of trout or salmon Salmo salar in their stomach. The total food consumption estimated for large trout exceeded the total energy content of small fish in years with few small per large trout. We conclude that cannibalism appears to be an important cause of small-fish mortality in this stream, regulating the abundance and size distribution of small trout. In streams with low discharge, weir building can improve conditions for large trout, presumably reducing the density of small fish. However, it is difficult to predict the net effect on smolt production of improved growth but increased mortality.


In 1974 it was determined that the Marine and Ocean Engineering programs at the Coast Guard Academy were suffering from the lack of a facility to allow students to do experimental work in the area of fluid mechanics and ship hydrodynamics. A study was conducted to develop and evaluate the options, and this resulted in the design and construction of a free surface circulating water channel with the associated instrumentation. This CWC has a test section of 2 ft. deep x 4 ft. wide x 12 ft. long and a maximum velocity in excess of 8 ft./sec. (Froude No. greater than one). The technique of using a vertical loop circulation with a 3 to 1 compression section prior to water entry into the test section and the use of turning vanes to inhibit separation of the flow stream resulted in a uniform velocity profile quite suitable for the experimental work by the Academy and the Research and Development Center.


This article provides nurses with a simple structure to aid effective communication. It explains how one trust implemented the situation-background-assessment-recommendation (SBAR) structure to improve patient handover, and outlines the benefits for nurses and patients.


The present invention, service that is application driven to address within the unwanted application redundant drive terminal part of providing the available Bluetooth-based information service service system and method using a beacon device, and hence operation of the driving policy providing device and the device to be applied It suggests a method.


We generalize the recent result of Erdoğan, Goldberg and Green on the L-boundedness of wave operators for two dimensional Schrödinger operators and prove that they are bounded in L(R) for all 1 < p < ∞ if and only if the Schrödinger operator possesses no p-wave threshold resonances, viz. Schrödinger equation (−∆ + V (x))u(x) = 0 possesses no solutions which satisfy u(x) = (a1x1 + a2x2)|x| + o(|x|−1) as |x| → ∞ for an (a1, a2) ∈ R \{(0, 0)} and, otherwise, they are bounded in L(R) for 1 < p ≤ 2 and unbounded for 2 < p < ∞. We present also a new proof for the known part of the result.


A micromagnetostrictive vibrator using a U-shaped core made of iron-gallium alloy (Galfenol) was investigated. The vibrator consists of a Galfenol core, with a 1mm2 cross section, a length of 5.8mm, and a 0.3mm separation between the prongs of the "U," driving coils, and an iron yoke to close the magnetic loop. The Galfenol vibrator is superior to the PZT type in its high mechanical strength, low drive voltage requirements, and wide temperature operating range, and compared to our previous cylindrical type vibrator has a simpler construction and higher bandwidth. A displacement of 1.2μm (220ppm) was verified for the prototype with a 5.8mm long Galfenol core; the high magnetostriction >200ppm is inherited from the stress-annealed Galfenol. The displacement was also maintained under a 21MPa tensile stress (1.5kg hanging weight). Incorporation of a Nd–B–Fe magnet into the magnetic circuit successfully shifted the operating point to the linear portion of the magnetostrictive curves. This biasing effect is use...


In recent years, it has been suggested that the method for determining the requirements for indispensable (essential) amino acids be changed from the nitrogen balance method to the tracer methods. In particular, the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) method has been implemented. Although the requirements for indispensable amino acids have been reported in several independent trials, no reported study has statistically integrated these data. In addition, the requirement as obtained from the IAAO method reported to date is the estimated average requirement (EAR), which will be met nutrient requirements in 50% of population only; thus, the risk of deficiency cannot be ruled out from a nutritional perspective. In this study, we statistically synthesized the data of multiple required amounts of lysine obtained by the IAAO method and attempted to accurately estimate the EAR. Further, we estimated the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) value from the obtained estimated EAR value. Analysis using a random effects model estimated that the EAR of lysine in healthy adults was approximately 37 mg/kg (95% CI: 31.2–42.5). In addition, the RDA was estimated to be about 46 mg/kg. These values are higher than the previously reported value of 30 mg/kg.


With the rapid development of Internet, traditional router becomes the bottle-neck of it. This paper introduces the architecture of the next-generation IP routers: parallel routers, and then analyzes it's optimal allocation. Also, this paper presents two kinds of technology being applied in Internet: the Gigabit router and the IP switching.


On April 6, 1995, in New Delhi, India, demonstrators with the group AIDS Bhedbhav Virodhi Andolan (ABVA) protested against the death of an AIDS patient in Calcutta due to medical negligence. They observed two minutes of silence in the memory of Dipak Biswas and carried signs stating Fight AIDS Not AIDS Patients, AIDS Patients Have Human Rights, and Wake Up, National Human Rights Commission. The demonstrators also submitted a memorandum to the Chairman of the National Human Rights Commission and a 26-page report entitled Who's Afraid of AIDS drafted by the Drug Action Forum and the Health Services Association. The report accuses three well-known medical institutions in Calcutta for insensitive treatment of Dipak, and it brings to light the subsequent victimization of his family following his death. Dipak's brother was dismissed from his job. His mother and sister were forced to leave the area. Some important health care questions and human rights issues the report brings up include: despite the commitment of the central and state governments to provide treatment to AIDS patients, AIDS patients tend not to receive care; hospital personnel from top management down are unaware of WHO guidelines on the management of AIDS patients and of the ethical norms concerning confidentiality; and AIDS patients and their families have no one to help them with treatment or with the social stigma. In the case of Dipak, hospital personnel did not tell his family that he had AIDS but told the press and members of the funeral party, who declined to touch his body. ABVA promotes AIDS-related human rights issues, such as the rights of gays, sex workers, prisoners, international travelers, and professional blood donors. The group documents inappropriate practices. For example, some companies practice arbitrary blood testing of employees and prospective recruits without their informed consent. They then fire or refuse to hire persons found to be HIV positive.


A long-standing claim in political science is that taxation deepens|and revenue windfalls undermine|the willingness or ability of citizens to hold politicians accountable for their performance. Nonetheless, there is little micro-level evidence to support causal claims about how taxes and windfalls impact political preferences and behavior. This paper uses revenue and transparency experiments embedded in a budget awareness campaign to investigate whether taxes impact political engagement directly as well as indirectly by enhancing the impact of information. To identify the causal impact of taxes, the revenue experiment employs a novel exercise in which participants made a simulated tax payment to the district government. The campaign was conducted with 1860 randomly sampled and assigned participants in Blora, a resource rich district in Indonesia. The impact of the treatments on political behavior was measured through participation in a postcard campaign; results from an original survey are also presented. This paper is among the rst to provide micro-level causal evidence of the independent and interactive impact of taxes and transparency on political engagement and accountability.


An experimental study was conducted to determine the effect of adding filler material to carbon fiber composites. A manual layup process is used to create composites. All composites consist of fixed carbon fibers with a volume fraction of 5%. Various volume fractions (2, 4, 6, and 8%) of lotus seed filler are added to the composite. To ascertain the mechanical characteristics of composites, tensile and flexural tests are conducted. Testing and sample preparation were carried out in accordance with ASTM guidelines. As a result, it was found that the tensile strength increased at 6% filler loading and then tended to decrease when more filler was used


Anemia or a lack of blood cells during pregnancy and childbirth is very dangerous. It may cause pregnant women to be at risk for bleeding during childbirth and hinder infant growth and development. This study aims to determine the knowledge of pregnant women with anemia about nutrition during pregnancy. The research design used in this study was quantitative descriptive, with 137 pregnant women with anemia as the population and a total sample of 58 respondents taken with random sampling technique. The variable in this study is the knowledge of pregnant women with anemia about nutritional intake. This study shows that the majority of the pregnant women had poor knowledge (84.48%) of nutritional intake, and only a small number had good knowledge (15.52%). With almost all pregnant women with anemia in the study having a lack of knowledge about nutritional intake, there is a concern that the baby will be negatively affected. The implication of the results highlights the important role of health workers to provide information about good nutrition during pregnancy, particularly the impact of tea-drinking habit.


In The Growing Church Lobby in Washington, James L. Adams directs some sharp criticism toward the denominational agencies that lobby in the nation's capital. He complains that "church lobbyists form a kind of self-perpetuating religious curia operating in a free-wheeling fashion with no accounting to the people they supposedly represent and who incidentally pay their salaries."1 This thrust becomes a major theme of the book— church officials in Washington do not truly represent their con stituents.


Using the first-principles non-equilibrium Green's function technique with supercell disorder averaging, we study the influence of interfacial intermixing on the spin-orbit torque in Co | Pt bilayers. Intermixing is modeled by inserting one or more monolayers of a disordered CoPt alloy between Co and Pt. Dampinglike torque is moderately enhanced by interfacial intermixing, while the fieldlike torque, which is small for abrupt interfaces, is strongly enhanced and becomes comparable to the dampinglike torque. The enhancement of the fieldlike torque is attributed to the interface between Co and the intermixed region. The planar Hall-like torque increases with intermixing but remains relatively small. The behavior of the torques is similar for bilayers with (111) and (001)-oriented interfaces. Strong dependence of the fieldlike torque on intermixing could provide a way to tune the fieldlike-to-dampinglike torque ratio by interface engineering.


What factors influence an individual to adopt the usage of mobile banking? : A study regarding customer behaviour in mobile banking


This paper processes the output power of the grid-connected wind turbine with the denoising and extracting method based on Hilbert Huang transform (HHT) to discuss the turbine-grid interaction. At first, the detailed Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and the Hilbert Transform (HT) are introduced. Then, on the premise of decomposing the output power of the grid-connected wind turbine into a series of Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs), energy ratio and power volatility are calculated to detect the unessential components. Meanwhile, combined with vibration function of turbine-grid interaction, data fitting of instantaneous amplitude and phase of each IMF is implemented to extract characteristic parameters of different interactions. Finally, utilizing measured data of actual parallel-operated wind turbines in China, this work accurately obtains the characteristic parameters of turbine-grid interaction of grid-connected wind turbine.


Introduction Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common clinical diagnosis encountered in the hospital and it is imperative to investigate the etiology of the thromboembolic event after initiating appropriate treatment. According to the American Society of Hematology Choosing Wisely Campaign, VTE provoked by a temporary risk factor does not warrant further evaluation for heritable risk factors of thrombophilia. Inappropriate thrombophilia testing is costly and may increase adverse events if anticoagulation treatment is extended based on these results. We aimed to identify the prevalence of improper thrombophilia testing in the inpatient setting and institute an EPIC advisory to prevent inappropriate use. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients hospitalized in our institution between January 2014 through December 2014. Adult patients ( Results In the one year prior to the Epic Advisory, a total of 453 patients were diagnosed with provoked VTE in the hospital. Fifty-one patients (11.2%) underwent an inpatient thrombophilia work-up. Thirty-seven patients (72.5%) had at least one test ordered while on anticoagulation and twenty-three (45.1%) thrombophilia evaluations had at least one positive finding. Changes in clinical management based on thrombophilia testing were clearly documented in only 2 (0.004%) of the patients. Following the intervention, a six month time span was reviewed. We identified 262 patients with provoked VTE. Twenty patients (7.6%) underwent an inpatient thrombophilia work-up. The rates of thrombophilia testing between the pre and post intervention groups were analyzed using Fisher9s exact test and results were not found to be statistically significant (P value= 0.152). Twelve (60%) of thrombophilia evaluations had at least one test ordered while on anticoagulation. Eight (40%) of thrombophilia evaluations had at least one positive finding. Changes in clinical management based on thrombophilia testing were clearly documented in two (10%) of the cases. Discussion In patients with provoked VTE, there is significant prevalence of inappropriate thrombophilia testing at our institution. An EPIC clinical practice advisory message incorporating the ASH Choosing Wisely recommendations trended toward limiting inappropriate testing. Review of our advisory intervention showed a modest decrease in unnecessary thrombophilia testing, but one that was not statistically significant over a six month period. This lack of significant change may be secondary to provider alert fatigue among inpatient EMR users. Providers at our institution are continually faced with EMR alerts upon placing electronic orders. Given the minimal downside associated with the advisory, we intend to continue this intervention to promote efficient use of health care resources and reduce costs associated with unwarranted testing. In the future, we could also consider inpatient ordering restrictions and further provider education given the narrow range of clinical utility for inpatient thrombophilia tests. These interventions could potentially reduce the risk of adverse events associated with extended anticoagulation and result in cost savings to the health care system. Disclosures Rajasekhar: Alexion: Consultancy; Octapharma: Consultancy; Bayer: Consultancy; Baxter: Consultancy; American Society of Hematology: Research Funding.


A slave audio two-phase sinewave generator, which output can be directly synchronized to a master generator, is here described, to be used in ac metrology setups to provide additional "compensations" signals (traditionally derived with expensive multi-decadic inductive voltage dividers). The generator is based on two direct-digital-synthesis (DDS) chips, programmed via parallel printer PC interface, their clock provided by a phase-locked loop circuit which ensure frequency and phase synchronization of DDS outputs to the master generator. Synchronization reference signal can be provided with an optical link reference channel, which avoids interference and ground loops. In its present implementation, output is 10 Vpk, frequency range 500 Hz to 4 kHz; total harmonics distortion is contained to -65 dB, amplitude stability is better than 500 ppm over 24 h.


Modern ports function in the context of complex infrastructure, business transactions, and regulations and have a broad range of stakeholders including but not limited to port operators, port authorities, haulers, and shipping companies. There is a recent trend in the ports toward adopting technology-based solutions as well as new approaches to port operations planning and management. Ports are becoming increasingly interested in smart solutions to optimize operations, promote efficiency, enhance sustainability, and avoid safety and security incidents. The adoption of such solutions to address recent problems is known to be switching to smart ports. This work attempts to develop a framework for a smart port and a quantitative metric, Smart Port Index (SPI), that ports can use to improve their performance, resiliency, and sustainability. Our proposed SPI is based on Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) that are collected from the literature and measure the port performance with regard to smart port activity domains: operations, environment, energy, and safety & security. Numerical results show how SPI can be used to evaluate the performance of a port. Our methodology provides a quantitative tool for port authorities to develop their smart port policies, assess their smartness, and determine their strengths and weaknesses for potential improvements.


Ischemia followed by reperfusion (I/R) in the presence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) results in cardiac contractile dysfunction. Enhancing endothelial nitric oxide (NO) release prior to ischemia attenuates cardiac contractile dysfunction following I/R. A cell‐permeable PKC ε peptide activator enhances NO release when given to rat aortic segments. We studied isolated rat hearts following ischemia (20 min) and reperfusion (45 min) in the presence of activated PMNs. In hearts given PKC ε+ (5 μM, n = 6) prior to I/R and reperfused with PMNs, left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and the maximal rate of LVDP (+dP/dtmax) recovered to 90% ± 10% and 89% ± 9% of baseline values, respectively, at 45 min post‐reperfusion, and these cardioprotective responses were blocked by NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME). I/R hearts receiving PMNs alone (n = 10) recovered to 58% ± 4% and 49% ± 4% of baseline values for LVDP and +dP/dt max respectively. The effect of PKC ε+ on LVDP and +dP/dtmax was significant (p<0.01) compared to I/R + PMN hearts at 45 min post‐reperfusion. The PKC ε+ significantly increased endothelial NO release (p<0.01) from a basal value of 2.12 ± 0.39 (n = 11) pmol NO/mg tissue to 4.76 ± 0.36 pmol NO/mg tissue for 5 μM (n = 36), and this response was blocked by L‐NAME. These results suggest that PKC ε+ attenuates PMN induced post‐I/R cardiac contractile dysfunction, in part, by increasing endothelial NO release prior to ischemia.


This paper is concerned with a variable structure model-reference adaptive control (VS-MRAC) scheme for uncertain stability input-delay systems. A new method to solve the problem is presented using signals model reference prediction and auxiliary model to induce sliding modes. An augmented error signal replaces the error normally used, which is defined as the difference between the plant and model outputs. The offered algorithm guarantees asymptotic properties of an error in case of presence in a closed system of a signal with a rich spectrum and dissipativity properties otherwise. Simulations results show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.


Result : Mean age was 70+/-18 years, 69% were male. Impaired LV function was present in 27%, atrial fibrillation in 47%, 13% had a previous device, and 5% and 30% had a pre-existing right or left bundle branch block (BBB) respectively. Mean QRSD pre-HBP was 121+/-35ms, mean procedure time was 120+/-53 minutes, and mean fluoroscopy time was 21+/-18 minutes. HBP was successful in 82% of procedures, but was less likely to be successful if AV block was the indication (70% vs 100%, p=0.02). QRSD decreased by 5+/-13ms overall (increasing by mean 10+/-19ms in patients without BBB, while decreasing by mean 21+/-44ms in patients with BBB). Rates of procedural success, QRSD improvement, and use of an RV backup lead were 80%, 50%, and 40% respectively for cases 1-15, and 93%, 78% and 27% respectively for cases 31-45. Across the three groups, both procedural and fluoroscopy time changed reflecting operator experience (procedural time 114+/-30 minutes for cases 1-15, 143+/-64 minutes for cases 16-30, and 90+/-45 minutes for cases 31-45, p=0.05; fluoroscopy time 15+/-7 minutes for cases 1-15, 28+/-22 minutes for cases 16-30, and 8+/-3 minutes for cases 31-45, p<0.001). Figure 1 demonstrates an electrocardiograph with no change in QRS duration prior to HIS pacing (panel A) and following HIS pacing (panel B) in a patient with atrial fibrillation.


ABSTRACT The whole genome of a pigment-producing isolate from a lake in northern India, Pseudogulbenkiania ferrooxidans strain EGD-HP2, has been sequenced to study the spectrum of biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. The genome annotation data revealed an operon for violacein, which showed homology with the reported operon of a Chromobacterium sp., and also a quinone cofactor.


ABSTRACT Eudicella trimeni is reportedly one of the most endangered species of the genus, having been declared virtually extinct until recently. Present research has shown that the species occurs in an area wider than previously known. However, its habitat is disappearing at a fast rate and the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal populations appear to be sufficiently different from each other to warrant at least subspecies status and further investigation. Third instar larvae of the northern population were collected recently in the Karkloof Nature Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal. They were reared to adulthood under environmentally controlled conditions and are here described.


I am indebted to Dr. B. F. Andrews, interne at the Colony, for the history and clinical notes in the following case: Patient. —G. D., male, aged 25, a native of New York and by occupation a farmer, was admitted to the Craig Colony in 1901, at the age of 19 years. Family History. —Mother was hysterical both before and after marriage; possibly tuberculous. Father had "fainting spells" between his sixteenth and thirty-fifth years; was subject to rheumatism. Both parents are said, to have been subject to headaches. Personal History. —Was a strong healthy baby. "Worm fits" at age of 3 years. Epilepsy said to have begun at the age of 15; history blank states cause to have been worms, but none were seen. Grand mal attacks, both diurnal and nocturnal. It is stated that the right arm is "most frequently involved." When admitted, the patient was feebleminded. No abnormalities


The present invention discloses an apparatus for operating a railway warning method for signal analysis and data comparison-based logic, comprising the steps of: real time status data and online traffic data collection device signal; critical data associated with the common use of back and forth between the signal devices or the analysis of the association between the business logic signal device;; or logical comparison of Comparative analysis abnormality alarm. The present invention presents various railway signaling equipment through the online collection and centralized operational data and device status data, key data comparison and logic analysis, security and assist with the monitoring device interface running business logic signal equipment running properly. Ultimately ensure the normal operation of signal equipment and signal logic correctly, so as to ensure the safe operation of the train.


The article presents the main achievements and shortcomings of the previous linguistic studies failure. A new approach to the failure. Identified distinctiveness signs of verbal failure. The differences between the manifestations and models failure to avoid their syncretic analysis and create a detailed classification. Substantiated the hierarchical structure of failure. Mentioned advantage of a holistic approach to the translation of failure. Material analysis serve authentic texts in German and Russian languages and translations.


The article analyses the theoretical basis of the theme «Homogeneous Parts of the Sentence» and offers various types of tasks with the algorithm of its making. The tasks purpose is the development of knowledge and skills of finding homogeneous parts of the sentence in the text, their grammar characteristics and punctuation pointing. Understanding of the homogeneity idea, grammar means of homogeneity expression, homogeneous and unhomogeneous attributes, not homogeneous constructions, punctuation under the homogeneous parts by schoolchildren is in the centre author's attention.


Abstract In this paper, a direct discrete time design method in the sense of passivity-based control (PBC) is investigated. This method, which is known as interconnection and damping (IDA), deals with the stabilization of under-actuated mechanical systems and, it is based on the modification of both the potential and kinetic energies. In order to give a direct discrete time IDA-PBC design method, the discrete time counterpart of matching conditions is derived using an appropriate discrete gradient. The discrete-time matching conditions are obtained as a set of linear partial differential equations which can be solved off-line parametrically and a set of linear equations. The unknown parameters of linear partial differential equations and the linear equations have to be solved at each sampling time, to calculate control rule. Moreover, a design procedure is given to solve these matching conditions for a class of Hamiltonian systems. To illustrate the effectiveness and the appropriateness of the proposed method, the example of pendulum on a cart is considered.


I analyze a model of strategic interdependence between two economies linked by investments in defensive capital for deterrence purposes. I adapt a two-agent dynamic setting where weapon production affects consumption. Individually both economies determine their balanced growth path by taking this interdependence into account in different grades of awareness. I associate two types of equilibria with internal or external determinants for defense production analogous to scenarios of arms build-up or arms race. I find that a defense sector is compatible with economic growth but a tight arms race can harm growth.


ABSTRACT. Myoclonic jerks during sleep is a normal phenomenon seen also in infancy. Sometimes the episodes can be extended both in duration and seizure type. When this happens it should be differentiated from epilepsy and treatment is not needed. Five cases are reported.


A necessary choice for the trading mode of aquatic products in the wholesale markets is to implement the auction trade in China.Since there are still some restricting factors in the imple-ment ation at present ,a mode of auction trade combined with direct trade can be employed,so that the range of auction trade can be extended gradually and therefore the auction-dominated trade mode can be realized.


Presently a-days the whole world is confronting the instability which has gotten one of the major challenges. Each nation has their own unconventional security issues. The crime percentage in all aspects of our general public nowadays has become an undermining issue with the end goal that vehicles are currently utilized for carrying out crimes more than previously. The issue of vehicle robbery has expanded massively, for the most part at gunpoint or vehicle leaves. There is a requirement for reasonable records of taken, recognized and recuperated vehicles which are not promptly accessible inour general public and in that capacity significant. The improvement of a vehicle robbery caution and area distinguishing proof framework turns out to be increasingly essential for vehicle proprietors to guarantee burglary anticipation and an expedient recognizable proof over recuperation which incorporates missing of vehicles by an unapproved individual. Our model utilizes a GSM application created and introduced in a cell phone gadget that is installed in the vehicle to speak with the vehicle proprietor's cell phone through SMS. The correspondences set up incorporate; (I). Sending an alarm message from introduced cell phone gadget to vehicle proprietor portable phone.(ii).Sending an admonition message from the vehicle proprietor's cell phone to begin and stop the introduced cell phone. Decide the present area of a vehicle utilizing GPS.


IN THE COURSE OF TREATMENT HUMEDO ISOTERMICO TISSUE IN THE FORM OF HANKS IN FACILITIES DYED RIDING MEDIA SCATTERED TREATMENT OR DISSOLVED A gas stream that supply CIRCULATION OF MERCHANDISE IN PART ON THE SIDE OF THE PRESSURE TORCH IS NOT PROVIDES EVEN IN THE rATIONAL CONDITIONS OF THE PROCEDURE IT IS NECESSARY EXISTENCE OF A SPECIAL INJECTION CIRCUIT. By deleting CIRCUITS INYECCION SEPARATE AND INTRODUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL TREATMENT TO THE TORCH which activates the movement of goods (THAT IS, IN YOUR PART OF ABSORPTION) IN THE CURRENT GAS POWERED OBTAINED SIMPLIFICATIONS TECHNIQUE MACHINE AS The invention that are also active in process engineering PROPERLY IN SPENDING AND ENERGY COSTS AS WELL AS THE ENVIRONMENT.


FIELD: ventilation. SUBSTANCE: in a conditioning system with heat-exchange devices, comprising heat-exchangers installed serially at the supply, a mixing chamber of external recirculation air, an irrigation chamber, a fan, a sensor to monitor enthalpy of supply air, an air valve to control supply of recirculation air, valves of seasonal switching, a heated water pump, a pump of water cooled by evaporation, a cooling tower, connection pipelines, a water heat exchanger to use waste heat of process water and an automatic valve to control flow of cooled water, the irrigation chamber is arranged in the form of a rotor heat mass exchanger and comprises an inlet and outlet nozzles arranged in a body, rotary discs fixed on the shaft, the lower part of which is in a tray with water, besides, discs are fixed to each other by pins via orifices and arranged from a properly soaked material with thickness of 0.5…1 mm, and the shaft with discs rotates along with air travel with frequency of 4…24 min-1 from a motor; besides, discs may be arranged as corrugated or flat in shape, and in the body there are protective canopies to reduce drop entrainment, and the body of each nozzle is hollow, axisymmetric, the axis of which is perpendicular to the axis of the header pipe hole, and the body shape is in the form of a solid of revolution formed by a curve of the second order, for instance, spherical, in the form of a truncated ellipsoid or paraboloid of revolution, and at the side of the flow hole of the header pipe in the nozzle there is a straightening element arranged in the form of a ring having a central bushing, with which at least three blades are rigidly connected as radially arranged and connected to the nozzle body, besides, the body is arranged with two ledges oppositely arranged to the axis of the nozzle, by means of which via yokes with locks the nozzle is fixed on the header, at the same time in the lower part of the nozzle body there is a conical throttling hole connected to a mixing chamber, which is installed between the throttling hole and the straightening element, and on the inner surface of the mixing chamber there are helical grooves. EFFECT: higher efficiency and reliability of heat and moisture treatment of air in winter period of time. 2 dwg


Abstract : LOWTRAN and MODTRAN were evaluated in the 2.0-5.5 micron region against field collection data at high zenith angle/long path lengths to determine the degree of uncertainty associated with these models under these conditions. Matching data sets were developed using data from the Air Force Geophysics Laboratory Flying Infrared Signatures Technology Aircraft (FISTA) as the field reference. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied to determine the degree to which the outputs of LOWTRAN and MODTRAN follow the same distribution as the field data. The percent difference between the model and field data was also studied. Agreement between the model and field data was found to be better than 97% for most cases. Median percent difference was within 10% for zenith angles less than 90 degrees.


After the state council forbid new village debt in 2003,villages in Shaanxi province has added lots of new debt,which takes some big effects on the New Rural Construction of Shaanxi.This study investigates Y town of Guanzhong region in Shaanxi province,and then analyses the data in order to find out the present situation and effects of the new added village debt of Y town.Based on this,considering the characteristics of Shaanxi province,it puts forward some solutions to solve the new added village debt problems.


This paper discusses the design and practice of ESD (Education for Sustainable Development) through an online video co-creation workshop for Japanese high school students. Our research group has designed a workshop program that co-creates short videos to promote the UN SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals). The workshop took place from July to December 2020 and involved 112 Japanese high school students. The workshop consists of four phases: Research, Planning, Making, and Reviewing. Through questionnaires and qualitative observational surveys, we analyzed whether participating students could learn the seven abilities and attitudes emphasized in ESD in each phase. As many learning environments shift to online due to COVID19, this paper explores ESD workshops that can be realized even in online environments, contributing to ESD


Introduction: Aneurysmal bone cyst is a benign and destructive bone lesion of unknown etiology. Current approaches to treatment include surgical en bloc excision, curettage, selective arterial embolization and radiotherapy. A giant aneurysmal bone cyst in the lumbar vertebra is reported, along with a brief review of the literature on the topic. Method: A 15yearold boy presents with lumbar pain and a 3 months history of paraparesis. Diagnostic imaging revealed an expansile lytic lesion in the spinous process and lamina of the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebra. Surgical treatment consisted of excisional biopsy and a segmental instrumented posterior fusion from L2-S1. Histopathology was consistent with an aneurysmal bone cyst. After one year, the patient improved his neurological function with only a L5 bilateral paresis. Discussion: Treatment of aneurysmal bone cysts of the spine is challenging when it occurs in close proximity to neural and vascular structures. Fusion and stabilization with instrumentation are often necessary. One vertebra is involved in most cases and extensive lesions are uncommon. Complete tumor resection and fusion of lumbar spine, using stabilization with instrumentation provide both cure and preservation of lumbar spine stability. Neurological deficits can be improved by surgical removal of the tumor


Numerous parameters have been proposed to evaluate eggshell quality in order to reduce losses from damaged eggshells. The uniformity of eggshell thickness (UET), as a newly proposed parameter, is defined as the reciprocal of the coefficient of variation of the eggshell thickness of multiple points on the eggshell surface. In this study, we further evaluated the relationship between UET and eggshell quality of eggs from Lohmann Brown layers. Three hundred and thirty fresh eggs from 40-week-old hens were collected. Egg weight, eggshell weight, eggshell thickness, shape index, and breaking strength were measured, and UET, static stiffness, fracture toughness, and elastic modulus were calculated. The relationship between UET and other eggshell quality parameters was analyzed. Results show that UET is positively correlated with eggshell thickness, breaking strength, static stiffness, and fracture toughness (r=0.297, 0.430, 0.409, and 0.171, respectively, P<0.01). In order to analyze the effect of UET on eggshell quality, eggs were divided into three groups according to their eggshell thickness (thin, medium, and thick), and eggs within each thickness group were subdivided into three subgroups based on their UET (low, medium, and high). Relationship between UET and eggshell quality was analyzed. Result showed that eggs with higher UET in the thin group had higher breaking strength, static stiffness, fracture toughness, and elastic modulus than those with lower UET in the medium group, indicating that eggs with thinner but more uniform eggshells were stronger than those with thicker but less uniform eggshells. Our study suggested that UET has a significant influence on breaking strength, static stiffness, fracture toughness, and elastic modulus and should be included in evaluating eggshell quality.


With end applications in the high performance server, mobile computing and smart phone space demanding ever higher performance of microelectronic devices while reducing power consumption and package size, the industry is preparing for the market introduction of 3D stacked devices based on TSV technology. The ability to reliably handle and process wafers with a thickness significantly less than 100μm plays a key role in enabling low cost, high volume manufacturing of TSVs with acceptable yield. Consensus has developed on the use of Temporary Bonding / Debonding Technology as the solution of choice for reliably handling thin wafers through backside processing steps. While the majority of the device manufacturing steps on the front side of the wafer will be completed with the wafer still at full thickness, it will be temporarily mounted onto a carrier before thinning and processing of the features on its backside. Once the wafer reaches the temporary bonding step, it already represents a significant value, as it has already gone through numerous processing steps. For this reason, inspection of wafers prior to non-reworkable process steps is of great interest. Within the context of Temporary Bonding this consideration calls for inline metrology that allows for detection of excursions of the temporary bonding process in terms of adhesive thickness, thickness uniformity as well as bonding voids prior to thinning of the product wafer. This paper introduces a novel metrology solution capable of detecting all quality relevant parameters of temporarily bonded stacks in a single measurement cycle using an Infrared (IR) based measurement principle. Thanks to the IR based measurement principle, the metrology solution is compatible with both silicon and glass carriers. The system design has been developed with the inline metrology task in mind. This has lead to a unique system design concept that enables scanning of wafers at a throughput rate sufficient to enable 100% inspection of all bonded wafers inline in the Temporary Bonding system. Both, current generation temporary bonding system throughputs and future high volume production system throughputs as required by the industry for cost effective manufacturing of 3D stacked devices were taken into account as basic specifications for the newly developed metrology solution. Sophisticated software algorithms allow for making pass/ fail decisions for the bonded stacks and triggering further inspection, processing and / or rework. Actual metrology results achieved with this novel system will be presented and discussed. In terms of adhesive total thickness variation (TTV) of bonded wafers, currently achieved performance values for postbond TTV will be reviewed in light of roadmaps as required by high volume production customers. Furthermore, the paper will review a suggested product flow considering inline metrology as well as additional offline inspection processes for making a final pass / fail decision.


This paper describes our winning solution for the ECML-PKDD ChAT Discovery Challenge 2020. We show that whether or not a Twitch user has subscribed to a channel can be well predicted by modeling user activity with boosting trees. We introduce the connection between target-encodings and boosting trees in the context of high cardinality categoricals and find that modeling user activity is more powerful then direct modeling of content when encoded properly and combined with a suitable optimization approach.


Penicillin and other antibiotics were the original wonder drugs and laid the foundation of the modern pharmaceutical industry. Human health significantly improved with the introduction of antibiotics. By 1967, the U.S. Surgeon General declared victory over infectious diseases in the United States. But pride goes before a fall. The evolutionary pressure of antibiotic use selects for resistant strains. Effective drugs should be used. But when they are used, no matter how carefully, evolutionary pressure for resistance is created. The problem is not limited to antibiotics. Variants of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) develop resistance to anti-retroviral drugs. Antifungal agents face similar challenges. Even cancer cells may develop resistance to pharmaceuticals. Tens of thousands of Americans are dying every year from drug-resistant infections. Some pharmaceutical knowledge is therefore exhaustible, and after patent expiration the public domain may receive a drug which is no longer useful. For these drugs, the public domain vanishes.


Sodium hypochlorite at concentrations higher than 1 mM suppresses ADP-dependent aggregation of blood platelets. The effect was associated with the process of cell modification. Blood platelet aggregation may be depressed partially by ADP destruction. Products of ADP-sodium hypochlorite interaction may lead to the induction of blood platelet aggregation, which is not so intensive than the ADP-induced one.


A total of 91 strains were isolated from frozen vegetables products during three months in a processing plant. To determine the prevalence of the L. monocytogenes species in these vegetables the strains were characterized by serotyping, biochemical profiles, multiplex PCR and PCR determination of virulence gene lmo. For molecular subtyping, isolates were subjected to REPPCR analysis. Most isolates (70) were identified as Listeria monocytogenes. Of these, 85% had the sequence-specific virulence gene lmo2821. Between strains confirmed as Listeria monocytogenes 66 belonged to serotype 1/2a and 4 to 1/2b, which are the most frequently isolated from food. The REP-PCR automated technique revealed 17 different genetic profiles, consisting of 70 to 80 bands between 150 and 7000 bp. A level of 82% of homology were identified three genetic groups or clusters. At this level, the REP-PCR technique allowed discrimination between serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b and 4b, establishing relationships between the REP-PCR profiles, serovars and biochemical profiles (API


Fast and accurate response to computational problems is the need of the industry. Hence this research study aims at finding the correct wavelet for quick and correct solutions to computational problems with electromagnetic (EM) wave equations. Three separate computational problems were addressed utilizing the suitable wavelet technique after the proper wavelet has been provided. Error analysis has also been discussed in this paper.


Recent evidence has shown that suffixes are identified within nonwords only when they follow an existing stem (e.g., in 'shootment', but not in 'mentshoot'), thus suggesting that their mental representation is position-locked (Crepaldi, Rastle & Davis, 2010). These results highlight the important issue of morpheme position coding. Though it is clear that morphemes are somehow coded for position in the word identification system (or otherwise we could not distinguish between words like 'overhang' and 'hangover'), even the most recent theories of morphological processing (e.g., Crepaldi, Rastle, Coltheart & Nickels, 2010; Taft, 2006) have not considered how that position specificity might be implemented. In this study we ask whether stem and prefix identification is sensitive to positional constraints (as has been observed in suffix identification). To address this question we carried out two lexical decision experiments capitalizing on the well-established morpheme interference effect as a diagnostic for morpheme identification (e.g., Taft & Forster, 1975); this effect refers to the fact that nonwords comprising existing morphemes (e.g., 'shootment') are rejected more slowly than nonwords that do not have a morphological structure (e.g., 'shootmant'). In Experiment 1 we show that the rejection time of reversed compounds (e.g., 'moonhoney') is longer than that of matched control nonwords (e.g., 'moonbasin'). Because it has been shown that non-morphological transposed-halves nonwords (e.g., 'dulesche') do not activate the representation of their corresponding words (e.g., 'schedule'), this effect must be morphological in nature; readers must have thus identified 'honey' and 'moon' within 'moonhoney', and the representations of these morphemes must have activated (at least partially) the word 'honeymoon'. This account implies that stem identification is position-independent. In Experiment 2 we show that the rejection time of pseudo-prefixed nonwords (e.g., 'predrink') is longer than that of matched control nonwords (e.g., 'pledrink'), thus replicating the morpheme interference effect described in previous studies. Crucially, however, we also show that this effect disappears when the relative order of the prefixes and the stems is reversed; nonwords like 'drinkpre' are as difficult to reject as nonwords like 'drinkple', indicating that 'pre' has not been identified as a prefix in these stimuli. These results extend previous findings (that were limited to suffixes) and allow a strong and general conclusion on the position specificity of morpheme representations: stem identification is position-independent, whereas affix identification is position-specific. We discuss how the characteristics of the orthographic input might give rise to this difference in the recognition system.


High intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)is a kind of noninvasive and effective therapeutic method,it has been widely used in clinical treatment.This paper reviewed the mechanisms,influential factor and empirical study of HIFU effected blood vessel.


(2004). Erythropoietin enhances response to treatment in patients with advanced breast cancer. Acta Oncologica: Vol. 43, No. 6, pp. 594-597.


Threekinds of inactivation metheds by heat treatment, papain, tea polyphenols were studied on trypsin Inhibitor in soybean milk, which can all inactivate trypsin inhibitor effectively. In addication, there were the optimal conditions in the course of inactivations otherwise it was disadvantageous to the quality of preduce or inactivition effect. For exemple, excessive heat treatment would make soybean milk come into being empyreuma and brownening, when the amount of papain botained optimal quantity, the activity of trypsin inhibitor would be steady, superfluous tea polyphenols would inactivate trypsin activity instead when tea polyphenols was excessive. At the same time this article discussed the influence of temperature and heat treatment time on inactivational function to soybean trypsin inhibitor.


The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of lacteol® forte against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatic damage in rats. Twenty male albino rats were randomly allocated into four groups (five rats each) as followed control group: received 0.2 ml of distilled water/ 100 g B.W./ day orally 5 times/week, TAA-treated group: received an intraperitoneal injection (I/P) of TAA at a dose of 200 mg/kg B.W. twice/ week, Lacteal fort-treated group: received lacteal fort (1 × 109 CFU/rat) orally 5 times/week, and TAA + Lacteal fort: I/P injected with TAA (200 mg/kg B.W.) and lacteal fort was given orally (1 × 109 CFU/rat). Six weeks post-treatment, biochemical results indicated that TAA induced a significant elevation in the serum level of aspartate aminotransferase AST and no significant difference was observed in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) as compared to control. While, no significant changes in serum levels of hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST, and GGT) were recorded. Histopathologically, TAA induced various degenerative, necrotic, fibroblastic and hyperplastic alterations. Conversely, the administration of lacteol® forte improved TAA-induced hepatic histopathologic alterations. In conclusion, lacteol® forte improved serum liver enzymes and liver damage, suggesting it to have useful protective potential against liver injury.


Summary A 114-item sentence completion test of hostility, aggression anxiety, projection of hostility, and dependency was scored with an explicit scoring standard, correlated with extrapunitive and intropunitive peer ratings of 101 subjects, and cross-validated against a second group of 101 subjects. The reliability of peer ratings ranged from +.85 to +.91. Interscorer reliabilities for the sentence completion scales ranged from +.90 to +.98, while odd-even reliability was +.78. Significant correlation ratios between peer ratings and the hostility and aggression anxiety scales of the test were obtained.


This research was conducted to determine the changes of the composition of some vegetables after blanching and drying. Primarily, composition as fresh of seven different vegetable species such as parsley, spinach, crees, swiss chard, collards, mint and rocket have been identified. Then boiling for 10 minutes or drying two days at 50°C was applied. This fresh, boiled and dried vegetable samples of total dry matter, vitamin C, pH, titratable acidity, ash, total phenol content, DPPH radical reduction activity and total antioxidant activity were analyzed. Total phenol (TP) content in fresh and blanching methods ranged 4.03-56.06 mg GAE/ g and 6.72-330.44 mg GAE/g, respectively. Vitamin C contents of fresh vegetables were found higher than the blanched and dried samples (p<0.01). Total phenolics and pH of the blanched samples, and dry matter, crude ash, titratable acidity, total antioxidant activity rates of the dried samples were found higher then the other samples (p<0.01).


The spinel LiMn_2O_4(LMO) was prepared and studied as the cathode of lithium ion battery using cyclic voltammetry techniques. Characterization of sample was studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and the crystal volume was caculated. The results of sizer measurement of sample show that it is suitable to measure this LMO powder using microelectrode which cave depth is 43 μm. No matter powder microelectrode or normal electrode, it is seen that the splitting profile of the two oxidation or reduction peaks, which indicate the two stages during both intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions, becomes more clearly under slower cyclic voltammetric. The charging and discharging current of the electrode can not be increased so greatly as to reduce the cyclic time for electrode composed powder microelectrode. However, the time which the electrode marinated in nonaqueous electrolyte is reduced because the radius of the microelectrode is smaller than normal electrode and the content of the active substance is lower. Whats more, the sensitivity of microelectrode is increased for the value of I_(pa)/I_(pc) increasing. The initial capacity is caculated 131 mAh·g~(-1) according to CV data and the mass of the active substance in the corrision cave.


Using the matching asymptotic expansion method,a class of singularly perturbed boundary value problems with two boundary layers for forth-order nonlinear equation is studied.Introducing the stretched variables,according to the boundary conditions and the matching principle,under the definite solvability conditions,the outer solution and the interior solution near the left and right boundary layers are given.The asymptotic solution with second-order for the problem is obtained.The existence of the solution for this class of nonlinear problems is illustrated by an example.


Earthquake vibration monitoring technology still has obstacles in collecting information data such as requiring human labor and a long time. One of the earthquake vibration technologies is a wireless sensor network system that can facilitate field data measurement and provide an earthquake detection system. By using a transmission medium that is widely applied in sensor networks, namely LoRa (Long Range), it is hoped that the prototype earthquake vibration monitoring system can overcome the problems that occur. This research uses the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) research methodology with a waterfall development approach consisting of 4 stages, namely planning, analysis, design, and implementation. Testing is done with two schemes, namely the system without AES and the system with AES and testing in two conditions, namely LOS and NLOS. The maximum distance achieved in communicating in LOS conditions is 9600 meters while NLOS conditions reach 6000 meters. The highest average RSSI value at a distance of 500 meters LOS conditions without AES is -88.8 dBm while the lowest value at a distance of 6000 meters NLOS conditions with AES is -123.7 dBm. Based on these results, it is concluded that the prototype successfully performs the process of sending and receiving data properly.


The invention relates to a robot for cleaning and transporting ultra thin glass. Frame type columns are installed on two ends of a beam component respectively. The beam component is provided with an X body and a Z body. An X guide in the X body is sliding and is provided with a stent. Two ends of an X timing belt are connected with two ends of the stent through a driving synchronous belt wheel and a driven synchronous belt. The driving synchronous belt wheel is arranged on an output axis of a servo deceleration motor on an X axis. A tensioner at an upper part and a lower part of the Z body is arranged on the stent respectively and a Z axis synchronous belt wheel is arranged on an output axis of a servo deceleration motor on the Z axis correspondingly arranged. A Z axis body is connected with the stent in the manner of sliding and is vertically installed. A Z synchronous toothed belt is fixed on an upper and lower ends of the Z axis body through the tensioner and the Z axis synchronous belt wheel and forms an n-shaped surrounded structure. The Z axis body is articulated with a stirrup on cylinder bar of a balanced cylinder on the stent. The lower end of the Z axis body is connected with an end picking-up device through a quickly changed device for the en d picking-up device. The invention can meet the transportation and packaging requirements of ultra thin glass and can reduce losses and labor intensity under the condition that the production schedule is satisfied.


As readers of this Journal will appreciate, our remit is broad; both in regard to time (from before the Common Era to the closing decades of the twentieth century) and as far as place (from Baghdad to Beijing and beyond) is concerned. This gives us the opportunity to publish research on those elements of human activity that bind or separate cultures on the macro level both historically and geographically. Languages, for example, gather or divide populations. The challenges experienced by Asian language communities, engaged on the task of adopting the Roman script, were examined by a group of linguists in Vol. 20 (January 2010). Religion and kingship are other phenomena that make or break barriers and in Vol. 22 (January 2012) we published a series of complementary articles that looked at the Paramara dynasty, their religious involvements with Jainism, the Śaiva tradition of Hindusim and Buddhism in its initial homeland, North India.


Jeremy Corbyn's recent speech purported to set out how Labour would approach the ongoing Brexit negotiations. The speech appears to have had three major aims. Firstly, it sought to criticise the incumbent government. Additionally, Corbyn attempted to present Labour as an alternative "government in waiting" with its own Brexit agenda and policies. Finally, it sought to drive a wedge between different factions of the governing Conservative party.


Discussion of the control system and power
electronics in wind turbine generation generally reviewed separately, of so comprehensive and involves the study of wind power. Electric power generators that are raised and the output power or load to grid need to be more extensively examined. Issues related to research performed to be wind
speed, wind speed modeling which is entries on wind turbine, made further modeling and control design of a wind turbine to get the optimal wind power, how to set up the play pitch of the blade on a wind turbine. Wind power in the next feeder induction generator as device the power of wind power into electricity. Wind generated power value varies between (30- 40) DC voltage, while the output is the expected value (12-14) DC voltage so that the necessary buck converter to transformation ensure the output of electricity which is determined. The modeling each block of system components (wind turbine, generator, sensor, actuator and converter). The designed the control system PID conventional and Fuzzy logic control further applied to the system. By doing simulations on system that has been integrated into the system performance can be known; like rise time, settling time, Overshoot, peak time and error steady state. From the simulation shown that the integration of PID control and converter produces a govd response. But if compare with the fuzzy logic control, FUZZ)' logic control is a system that more readily bring electricity better if composed with the PID conventional control system.


In 2003, Gottesman and Gould advocated using the endophenotype concept in psychiatry genetics; describing it as a measurable component "along the pathway between disease and distal genotype" (p. 636). Especially in schizophrenia research, the idea of endophenotypes has gathered a wide following. Meehl's definition of schizotaxia [Ref. (1), p. 829], as "an 'integrative neural defect' as the only direct phenotypic consequence produced by the genetic mutation" and "This neural integrative defect […] is all that can properly be spoken of as inherited. The imposition of a social learning history upon schizotaxic individuals results in a personality organization which I shall call, following Rado, the schizotype" (p. 830; my emphasis) reminds clearly of the aforementioned endophenotype description.


The Governor of the National Bank, Guy Quaden, has repeated that the Belgian employee leaves his job too early, at the age of 59,7 on the average. This should be discouraged because it raises the costs of pensions. The vocabulary used by him and other experts, i.e. "leave", "step out", "retire", ignores the fact that most employees who become prematurely unemployed, have been sacked, "reorganized", temporarily unemployed, a.o. The Governors underlying idea that working longer will create jobs, is a falacy. Most enterprises have lowered their workforce and continue to do so. Every 60-plus worker that remains active, decreases the number of vacancies for youngsters. As long as consumption and production stay low, managers will not hire new personnel.


A low-voltage high-speed CMOS fully-differential operational amplifier based on the pipelined ADC was designed.The operational amplifier combining the amplifying structure of folded cascode with a novel continuous time CMFB circuit achieves high speed and high stability.The Spectre simulation of the operational amplifier is implemented on the basis of SMIC 0.25 ?m CMOS standard process model under Cadence.At the voltage of 2.5 V single power supply,the open loop DC gain is 71.1 dB,the unity gain bandwidth is 303 MHz,the phase margin is 52°,the slew rate is 368.7 V/μs and the settling time is 12.4 ns while the load capacitance is 0.5 pF.


Evidence demonstrates that health care professionals are more prone to burnout than other professionals due to the emotionally taxing interactions they have with their patients on a daily basis. The aims of this study were to measure occupational burnout levels among sonographers, radiographers and radiologists and to examine predictors of burnout according to demographic characteristics.


Borocarbonitride nanotubes show efficient physical and chemical anchoring and conversion of lithium polysulfides, ensuring the enhanced electrochemical performance in lithium–sulfur batteries.


This research proposed the approach of Thai-Word Segmentation through Thai-Writing Structure Matching, with an aim to create Thai writing structure for word segmentation. Indeed, the writing structure was originated from the words stored in the 1999 Royal Institute Dictionary and Thai-writing levels. This research also aimed to improve word segmentation by adding the number of the rules for the matching, decreasing the waste of the storage space, and reducing the time-consumption of the word segmentation processing. The documents used for the performance test of word segmentation contained a variety of data, in terms of the writing patterns used for communicating with the readers under the identical understanding. These documents should provide neither illustrations nor equations. In fact, the documents used in this research were concerned with news papers, articles, Buddhism, encyclopedia, laws, non-fictions, the Royal Family's news, interviewing, and general news. Theses papers contained a variety of word use. Our approach works successful with about 94% accuracy.


Monitoring of the properties and applicability of high-voltage insulating systems containing epoxy resins require knowledge of curing degree of these resins. This curing degree is considered to be the key parameter for quality of materials used for these systems. Application of differential thermal analysis (DTA) for evaluation of curing degree of three-component composite materials (glass fabric, reconstructed mica, and epoxy resin) is presented in the article. Used analysis enables to observe characteristic structural parameter-the concentration of reaction-able particles in organic component of this material. In our investigation, concept of curing reactions courses was obtained as well as details for determination of optimal curing time of material. These conclusions have been verified with the other methods such as thermomechanical analysis (TMA) or loss factor and permittivity determination. Based upon these results it is obvious, that the conclusions correspond to one another


Wireless sensors deliver the data to the Base Station which is collected and monitored at the interested environment. To efficiently transmit the data, some nodes are elected to aggregate the data locally and hierarchically. Recently many cluster-based approaches are proposed. In the proposed technologies, UDACH uses a clustering method which considers the energy of each node instead of selecting cluster head randomly like as LEACH. UDACH consists of three stages such as cluster construction, building a cluster head tree and transmitting the data to the base station. The cluster construction is to select cluster node. In the next stage, the cluster heads form tree structure to transmit multi-hop through the parent cluster head. However, if the parent cluster head is not selected appropriately, UDACH dissipates the energy because the total distance of transmission to the BS is longer. In this paper, we propose A Clustering Method of Enhanced Tree Establishment to construct tree structure for the optimized energy consumption. Through the simulation, we describe that the proposed scheme is more effective than LEACH and UDACH routing protocol.


We have simultaneously measured t h e d i s l o c a t i o n con t r ibu t ions t o u l t r a s o n i c a t tenua t ion aD and reduct ion o f sound v e l o c i t y A v ~ / v between 10 and 200 MHz i n deformed Cu. The samples were y i r r a d i a t e d i n order t o reduce the a t tenua t ion and extend t h e exper imenta l ly usable frequency range t o highe r frequencies. The r e s u l t s have been evaluated i n terms o f d i s l o c a t i o n re sonance damping. Q u a n t i t a t i v e data f o r t h e dislocat ion dens i t y and f r e e d i s l o c a t i o n loop leng th as func t ion o f E have been der ived both f o r d i s l o c a t i o n s i n tangles and i n the c e l l i n t e r i o r . 1. In t roduct ion. D is loca t ion resonance (DR) i s a f requen t l y s tud ied and t h e o r e t i ca l l y we1 l described i n t e r n a l f r i c t i o n phenomenon /l/. The p red ic ted frequency (f )c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f overdamped OR has been observed by MHz-attenuation a measurements /2/ and Hzand kHz-experiments a re expected t o show the low f DR behaviour 3 f o r the modulus de fec t MD AL" ( A = d i s l o c a t i o n densi ty , L = d i s l o c a t i o n loop 4 leng th ) and f o r t h e damping decrement 6 a/f BAL f (B = damping f o r c e constant). There i s considerable experimental /3 ,4 / and t h e o r e t i c a l /5,6/ support f o r the Granato Liicke DR-theory /7/ based on Koehlers v i b r a t i n g s t r i n g model /g/. However, several problems w i t h respect t o the i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f 6 and MD data have accumulated /g/ . One problem i s t h a t 6 f as p red ic ted by t h e GL-theory i s o f t e n not observed i n low f experiments. Also i n MHz experiments a puzz l ing dev ia t ion from the p red ic ted f-dependence has been observed a t low f, b u t o n l y i n pre-defomed samples. To our op in ion an explanat ion o f t h i s e f f e c t may c o n t r i b u t e t o the c l a r i f i c a t i o n o f o ther low f problems. We inves t iga ted t h e in f luence o f deformation on 6 and MD fo l lowed by y i r r a d i a t i o n induced d i s l o c a t i o n pinning. MHz pulse-echo experiments o f f e r the unique chance t o study the most revea l ing f-dependence o f DR over a broad f-range ( t y p i c a l l y 5 t o 200 MHz) i n one and t h e same we l l def ined sample volume i n d i f f e r e n t p inn ing s tates. 2. Experimental.A s e t o f i d e n t i c a l h igh p u r i t y (RRR 2 1000) Cu s i n g l e c r y s t a l s was deformed a t room temperature by compression (0.19% 2 E 6 27%) along cl l l > . Sample preparat ion, y i r r a d i a t i o n and measuring techniques f o r a t tenua t ion a and sound vel o c i t y v a r e described i n / I Q / . Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1981550 C5-340 JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE 3 . R e s u l t s . F i g . l a s h o w s a ( ~ ) m e a s u r e d a t 1 0 M H z . Curve D represents t h e a values 30 min a f t e r deform l mation (time f o r con t ro l o f sample q u a l i t y and f o r transducer bonding) : a increases w i t h E t o a maximum 6 a t = 0.4%, decreases then and becomes near l y con01 s t a n t a t E > 5%. An ( Ih , 373K)-anneal reduces a con-5 s ide rab ly (curve R). The y i r r a d i a t i o n (TIRR = 320K, fo l lowed by an ( I h, 353K) -anneal ) f u r t h e r reduces 001 005 01 05 1 5 10 l5 Deformatton E I%I a towards t h e minimum value clB ("non d i s l o c a t i o n background") which could n o t be reduced f u r t h e r by FIG l a a d d i t i o n a l i r r a d i a t i o n . For c 1% t h e ag values are the same as f o r background i r r a d i a t e d standard cu long wave lDMHl samples /I I/. The aB increase a t E > 1% i s due t o zuOj V,""' I sound wave s c a t t e r i n g by deformation induced inhomo25100 v,a genei t ies ( k i n k bands, as shown by meta: lographic g ana lys is ) and i s no t due t o d is loca t ions (as proved fmO by a d d i t i o n a l i r r a d i a t i o n ) . F ig . la demonstrates t h a t 84900/ the a-maximum around E = 0.4% i s caused by d i s l o l l 0 5 10 15 -20 25 30 _ _ l cat ions which become pinned w i t h increasing y-dose Deformat~on E 1x1 (0 ). For comparison f i g . l b shows the sound v e l o c i t y Y FIG I b v 30 rnin a f t e r deformation (D) and a f t e r the "background" dose (curve vo). The V ( E ) data a f t e r i n t e r l a y b Influence of deforma t i o n (curve D), recomediate gy (omi t ted f o r sake o f c l a r i t y ) approach very (R: l h,373K) and w i t h inc reas ing fly the v. curve (which as aB cannot y i r r a d i a t i o n (0 on t h e a t tenua t ion ?fig. be changed by fu r the r i r r a d i a t i o n ) . At E < 1% v. i s l a ) and sound v e l o c i t y given by t h e l o n d i t u d i n a l sound v e l o c i t y v ~ < ~ ~ ~ > o f ( f i g . l b ) . the i d e a l ( " d i s l o c a t i o n f r e e " ) Cu c r y s t a l /10/. The v -decrease a t E > 1% i s due t o increasing deforma0 t i o n induced m i s o r i e n t a t i o n ( "c rys ta l log raph ic modulus de fec t " ) as shown by x-ray measurements. Since v L<111> represents t h e maximum f c c sound v e l o c i t y any dev ia t ion from <l1 l > r e s u l t s i n a v e l o c i t y reduct ion. 4. General Discussion.We consider the evaluat ion o f a ( f ) and v ( f ) ( f ig . la ,b shows on ly t h e 10 MHz r e s u l t s ) t o be t h e key t o f u r t h e r understanding. Fig.2 shows t h e complete data s e t f o r the decrement 6 (open symbols) and the modulus de fec t MD (so l i d symbols) MD? AM/Mo = { M o M ( f ) } / MO = 2 { v o ~ ( f ) l / v 0 (2 f o r the 1% deformed sample (D), a f t e r recovery (R) and i r r a d i a t i o n (a,,). Since f o r standard c r y s t a l s the p inn ing behaviour i s q u a n t i t a t i v e l y described by t h e GL-theor y /10/ we compare t h e present data on deformed samples a lso w i t h the t h e o r e t i c a l GL(6,MD)-profile (GLP). Each GLP consis ts o f a 6-branch (curve showing t h e over-


Cognitive age is an important concept in the study of mature consumers. The present study examines the association between cognitive age and technology readiness and adoption of technologies among mature consumers. Findings suggest that mature consumers perceive
themselves to be cognitively younger than their actual age. Cognitively younger mature consumers are more likely to be Explorers holding more positive feelings towards technology
readiness. Adoption of self-service banking technologies and other technologies appear to decrease, with an increase in cognitive age. The inclusion of cognitive age in this study has provided an alternative insight into the mature consumer market.


Stagnation of grain growth is often attributed to impurity segregation. Yttria-stabilized cubic zirconia does not evidence any segregation-induced slowdown, as its grain growth obeys the parabolic law when the grain size increases by more than one order of magnitude. However, lowering the temperature below 1300 oC triggers an abrupt slowdown, constraining the average grains to grow by less than 0.5 ${\mu}$m in 1000 h despite a relatively large driving force imparted in the fine grains of ~0.5 ${\mu}$m. Yet isolated pockets of abnormally large grains, along with pockets of abnormally small grains, emerge in the same latter sample. Such microstructure bifurcation has never been observed before, and can only be explained by an inhomogeneous distribution of immobile four-grain junctions. The implications of these findings for two-step sintering are discussed.


The $1.3-billion renovation of the United States military headquarters, the most complex and challenging reconstruction effort in recent history, spanned 20 years and was interrupted by the catastrophic September 11, 2001, terrorist attack. However, it was completed ahead of schedule and under budget without disrupting operations. The renovation of this national icon stands as an eloquent testament to well-planned and well-executed collaboration involving an extensive field of participants.


According to the material composing and the characteristics of strength of Cement-Emulsified Bituminous Mixture. The author has advanced the revised marshall test and the suit order of mix round. The optimum content of bitumen and rational content of cement are defined. This paper has also built up the construction method for cement emulsified bitumen mixture pavement.


operant conditioning to look at constancy or of turning the lights out to see whether babies still respond to objects which have disappeared from view. Yet despite this ingenuity the book has some serious shortcomings, all of which stem from the conceptual argument developed to link the different experiments. One thing to notice about this theoretical background is that very little of it is Bower's. The two theoretical figures which dominate this book are James Gibson and Piaget. Bower's most serious attempt to add anything new conceptually comes in the last chapter where he develops a set of "rules". But these always stay within Piaget's framework and do not really seem to be anything more than a redescription of experimental results. I suppose that this contrast between experimental novelty and theoretical familiarity would not matter very much, were it not for the fact that the traditional points of view are relayed with such reverence that Bower actually seems to do his best to conceal his disagreements with them. There are two points where Rower's data are in direct conflict with Piaget's ideas, one where Bower appears to show reaching in the right direction to visual objects by babies of two weeks or less, the other where his results seem to show that babies of less than six months do understand that an object hidden behind a screen still does exist. In the first case Bower attacks only Burton White, who thinks, as Piaget does, that visual and manual space stay quite separate for the first few months of life. In the second case, Bower disagrees only with "the standard view", in much the same way as Virgil stops calling Aeneas Italian and refers to him instead as Trojan whenever he is being particularly beastly to Dido. Another problem with the conceptual argument is that the experimental basis for it is often poor. Unpublished reports abound. For example, most of the argument developed in the last chapter depends on the suggestion that young babies understand that something still exists when it is hidden behind but not when it is hidden inside something else. Yet the crucial experimental data for this distinction between behind and inside come from an unpublished undergraduate project (never the strongest source of information) which from the very brief description given of it looks pretty badly designed. Another unpublished report, which has an important place in the argument and yet is only described very briefly, is one by Bower himself which apparently shows that the precocious reaching of the first two weeks can be maintained provided that babies are given suitable treatment. But precisely what treatment? Experiments such as these should not be dismissed in the odd, single paragraph. Lastly one consequence of Bower's obvious enthusiasm for the arguments he develops is that he often fails to consider alternative possibilities. An example is his analysis of Greenfield's unsurprising discovery that young babies have difficulty stacking cups of different sizes, a result for which there are many possible explanations. Bower considers only his, though this is not even the same as Greenfield's. Much the same thing happens with his argument about the "place error", where babies have difficulty finding a toy hidden in one place when it has previously been hidden in another. Bower tries to deal with this in terms of distinction between inside and behind, and simply does not mention the many other approaches that are possible to this odd piece of behaviour. The fact that here, and through most of this provocative and well-written book, only one viewpoint is considered at all seriously must mean that we should be influenced more by the individual experiments than by the arbitrary and shaky conceptual links between them. P. E. BRYANT And how great was the effect?