ABSTRACT. The aim of this investigation was to assess the presence of 16 PAHs (naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, anthracene, phenanthrene fluoranthene, benz[a]anthracene, pyrene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, benzo[ghi]perylene, and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene  with symbols Nap, Ace, Ane, Flu, Ant, Phe, Flt, BaA, Pyr, Chr, BbF, BkF, BaP, DahA, BghiP and InP, respectively) in alcoholic beverages consumed in Awka, Southeast Nigeria. The samples used were sourced from international, national, and local-based alcoholic beverages sold in Nigeria, which were analysed for the 16 priority PAHs components using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) in order to quantify and offer advice to the public on the health implications of consuming these alcoholic beverages. The results show the absence of all the PAHs in all the alcoholic beverages, which could be due to lower temperature and shorter production duration utilized in the production process. This is because during the intense heating of raw materials or additives, PAHs are released. Therefore, the consumption of these alcoholic beverages is safe for consumers and poses no health risk that is detrimental to adults or children. As such, further research into other micropollutants and toxins is advocated to maintain current good manufacturing practices for quality.
KEY WORDS: Alcoholic beverages, Food analysis, Public health, PAHs, GC-FID, Southeast Nigeria

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(4), 805-815.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i4.1


In discussions concerning the modern equitable unconscionable bargains doctrine, judges and commentators often draw seamlessly from English and Australian law as though they are siblings from the same family. In reality, their doctrinal elements are substantively and substantially different, and these reflect three core points. First, English and Australian law respectively imposes a negative and positive duty on contracting parties. Secondly, the legal policy underlying equitable intervention in completed contracts is much narrower and targeted in England than it is in Australia. Thirdly, 'unconscionability' means different things in the two jurisdictions. Ultimately, the Australian and English iterations of the doctrine are cousins rather than siblings, which counsels caution as to how the doctrine should be approached from a comparative perspective.


An ambitious infrastructure megaproject, Boston's $5 billion Central Artery/Tunnel project is discussed. A section of the project, the state-of-the-art immersed tube tunnel (ITT) beneath Boston Harbor is described to illlustrate the many challenges that face the project. The ITT is part of the I-90 extension to Logan Airport. The sourthern terminus of the tunnel is at a pier, currently a storage lot for imported cars. The alignment then passes beneath Boston Harbor which contains a 40 ft deep shipping channel, and the northern terminus is in East Boston near the ariport. The geotechnical investigations are described, as well as the blasting and the construction aspects. Placing the ITT sections in the trench, the most sensitive part of the construction, is also described. The construction of the ITT is planned in 3 stages over 3 years.


This publication provides security and privacy control baselines for the Federal Government. There are three security control baselines (one for each system impact level—low-impact, moderate-impact, and high-impact), as well as a privacy baseline that is applied to systems irrespective of impact level. In addition to the control baselines, this publication provides tailoring guidance and a set of working assumptions that help guide and inform the control selection process. Finally, this publication provides guidance on the development of overlays to facilitate control baseline customization for specific communities of interest, technologies, and environments of operation.


Unusually small forms of Blastocystis hominis were found in the stools of Indonesian immigrants. The size of the parasites seen in faecal samples of the Indonesian isolates were 3 ' 5 mm whereas larger vacuolar forms measuring 10 ' 15 mm were seen Malaysian and Bangladeshi isolates. These small forms showed a distinct growth profile with an optimum parasite yield as high as 11.7 ' 105 when cultured in Jone's medium compared to yield of 3.9 ' 105 and 0.5 ' 105 for Malaysian and Bangladeshi isolates respectively. The unusually small forms of Blastocystis, unlike the other isolates, was found to grow in cultures at 37'C even after being kept at room temperature for as long as 9 days.


© IISS Each gure depicts the highest reported level of rape by actor type (state or rebel forces) over the course of a con ict for 91 civil wars between 1980 and 2012. For each con ict, there are two observations: the highest reported level of rape perpetrated by state forces, and the highest reported level of rape perpetrated by rebel forces. While the reported level of rape may vary over the course of a con ict from 0 reports (coded as 0) to isolated reports (coded as 1) and numerous or widespread reports (coded as 2), the levels shown here represent the highest reported level during the entire span of the con ict. The gures highlight the considerable variation between perpetrators of rape, even within one con ict. Overall, state forces are more likely than rebel forces to be reported to have engaged in numerous or widespread levels of rape.


In the previous chapter, you learned about the various layouts that you can use to position your views in an activity. You also learned about the techniques you can use to adapt to different screen resolutions and sizes. In this chapter, you will take a look at the various views that you can use to design the user interface for your applications. In particular, you will learn about the following ViewGroups: ä Basic views — Commonly used views such as the TextView, EditText, and Button views ä Picker views — Views that enable users to select from a list, such as the TimePicker and DatePicker views ä List views — Views that display a long list of items, such as the ListView and the SpinnerView views ä Specialized fragments — Special fragments that perform specifi c functions Subsequent chapters cover the other views not covered in this chapter, such as the analog and digital clock views and other views for displaying graphics, and so on. 4


This paper discusses the results of in-depth semi-structured interviews with 39 telecommuters
from 12 Australian organisations. The paper serves two broad aims: firstly, it identifies current
trends in telecommuting and offers a perspective on Australian developments. Secondly, it
provides a focus on significant communication aspects of the Australian telecommuting
experience.
Findings are that the majority of interviewees reported overall satisfaction with telecommuting as
an important contributor to their improved work and lifestyle outcomes. Overall, telecommuters
appear to cope with communication aspects of their work environments. They also were not overreliant
on advanced communications media when telecommuting. Difficulties as reported by
telecommuter interviewees included: perceived discomfort over lack of management support for
their telecommuting; reduced levels of interpersonal communication suggesting the likely need to
adopt a 'media mix' approach to servicing their communication needs; problems of information
access; and telecommuters' reported levels of difficulty with their uses of some computer and
communication technologies. Problems relating to telecommuters' perceived professional and
social isolation, were also identified.
Finally, the paper underscores where organisational communication theorists and practitioners
need to more energetically embrace the concepts of virtual work and telecommuting


The regards to widespread impact of distribution networks and ever increasing demand for electricity, some strategies must be devized in order to well operate the distribution networks. In this paper, to enhance the accountability of the power system and to improve the system performance parameters, simultaneous placement of renewable energy generation (REG) sources (e.g., wind, solar and dispatchable distributed generators (DGs)) and capacitors are investigated in a modified radial distribution network with considering ZIP loads. To enhance all network parameters simultaneously to the best possible condition multi-objective functions are proposed and solved using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA II). The employed objectives contain all economical, environmental and technical aspects of distribution network. One of the most important advantages of the proposed multi-objective formulation is that it obtains non-dominated solutions allowing the system operator (decision maker) to exercise his/her personal preference in selecting each of those solutions based on the operating conditions of the system and the costs. It is clear that the implementation of each non-dominated solution needs related costs according to the technology used and the system performance characteristics. However, there is a paucity of objective methodologies for ranking the obtained non-dominated solutions considering economical, environmental and technical aspects. So, in this paper, data envelopment analysis (DEA) is suggested for this purpose. In other words, in this paper, first NSGA II is applied to the siting and sizing problem, and then the obtained non-dominated solutions are prioritized by DEA. The significant advantage of using DEA is that there is no need to impose the decision maker's idea into the model and ranking is done based on the efficiencies of the non-dominated solutions. The most efficient solution is the one which has improved network parameters considerably and has lowest costs. So, using DEA gives a realistic view of solutions and the provided results are for all, not for a specific decision maker. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, the simulations are carried out on a modified test case 33-bus radial distribution network.


The research objective of this class action is to determine whether the model type STAD cooperative learning can increase the motivation to learn science for students of classes VII G SMP 3 Jekulo district on the materials of symptoms nutare and can determine the increase learning achievement in science for students of classes VII G SMP 3 Jekulo districts the material of symptom nature. This study was conducted over seven months starting from the beginning of November 2012 until May 2013. The results of this study states through cooperative learning STAD (Student Team Achievement Division) can increase the motivation to learn science Symptom nature from the initial condition low learning motivation to conditions high-end motivation to learn science. From the results of the study also mentions through cooperative learning STAD (Student Team Achievement Division) can improve learning achievement Symptom nature on the material of the initial conditions of learning achievement averages 47.5 to the final conditions mean 76.32. It can be concluded both theoretically and empirically that cooperative learning STAD (Student Team Achievement division) can improve learning achievement.


Aim: To investigate the effects of selected alcohol-free mouthwashes with different formulations (zinc-hydroxyapatite, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium fluoride) on the surface microhardness of a single-shade universal resin composite. Materials and Methods: Forty disc-shaped specimens (8 × 2 mm) from the universal resin composite (Omnichroma®), and a nano-hybrid composite (Tetric® N-Ceram) were prepared. After polymerization, baseline surface microhardness values were recorded using Vickers microhardness tester. The samples from each material were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 10) and immersed in 20 ml of the mouthwashes: Biorepair®, Listerine®, Colgate® Optic White, and distilled water (control). The samples were kept in the immersion solutions for 24 hours, and post-immersion microhardness values were recorded. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and paired sample t-tests at p < .05. Results: Significant reduction in microhardness was observed in all resin composite groups after immersion in the mouthwashes compared to baseline values (p < .0001). The highest microhardness reduction in Omnichroma® group was observed after immersion in Colgate® Optic White; and Tetric® N-Ceram group after immersion in Listerine® mouthwash. For both materials, the least reduction in microhardness was observed after immersion in Biorepair®. Microhardness values for Omnichroma were significantly higher than Tetric® N-Ceram (p < .0001). However, Omnichroma exhibited a significantly greater reduction in microhardness after immersion in the tested mouthwashes. Conclusion: In vitro simulated use of the investigated mouthwashes negatively affected the surface microhardness of both tested resin composites. The observed effects were both mouthwash and material dependent.


In this paper, we propose a semi-implicit Euler scheme to discretize the stochastic nonlinear Maxwell equations with multiplicative Ito noise, which is implicit in the drift term and explicit in the diffusion term of the equations, in order to suited to Ito product. Uniform bounds with high regularities of solutions for both the continuous and the discrete problems are obtained, which are crucial properties to derive the mean-square convergence with certain order. Allowing sufficient spatial regularity and utilizing the energy estimate technique, the convergence order 1/2 in mean-square sense is obtained.


Objective: To study the radiation protection effect of PF4 17-70 on mice from total body irradiation using attenuated salmonella as gene delivery vectors. Methods: A live attenuated aroA-autotrophic mutant of salmonella typhimurium (SL3261) was used as carrier for eukaryotic vector PIRES2-EGFP/PF4 17-70 and was administered orally to BALB/C once at 3 day intervals. After the second oral administration the mice were injured by a total body irradiation (TBI) of 700 cGy using a 137 Cs source. GFP expression and gene integration were detected after administration. The survival rate, the number of bone marrow mononuclear cells and the forming ability of CFU-GM and HPP-CFC were measured. Results: GFP expression and gene integration could be found in liver, spleen, intestine, kidney, peripheral blood and bone marrow samples of treated mice. In comparison with control mice, the treated mice had a increased survival rate. Increased numbers of bone marrow mononuclear cells, CFU-GM and HPP -CFC were observed at 7?14 days after irradiation. Conclusion: These data demonstrate for the first time that an oral PF4 17-70 gene therapy using salmonella typhimurium as carrier protects mice from TBI damage and accelerates recovery of hematopoiesis in vivo. ;


Objective To explore the changes of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV)and ankle-brachial index(ABI)with aging in healthy people,and to analyze the law of vascular aging.Methods 400 healthy people were divided into≤44 years old,45~54 years old,55~64 years old,65~74 years old and ≥75 years old groups.The items including carotid ultrasonograph,biochemistry,blood pressure,baPWV and ABI were measured to observe their changes with aging.Results The changes of baPWV were significantly changed with aging,and there were significant differences between men and women of≤44 years old group and 45~54 years old group.Age,systolic blood pressure(SBP),pulse pressure(PP),diastolic blood pressrue(DBP),carotid artery intima-media thickness(IMT),carotid artery intermal diameter(D),systole peak velocity(SPV),carotid artery end-diastolic velocity(EDV),low density lipoprotein(LDL),fast blood glucose,total cholesterol(TC),trigalloylglycerol(TG)were correlated with baPWV significantly(r value = 0.732,0.697,0.655,0.463,0.537,0.502,-0.277,-0.372,0.176,0.163,0.125,0.099,respectively,all P0.01,except TC,TG P0.05).Conclusions Age is the most important factor of arterial stiffness of healthy people,LDL is the risk factor of arteriosclerosis.To combine with PWV and ABI can provide an evidence for evaluating health status of cardiovascular system.


A complete account with full descriptions is given of the Australian species of Symplocos. Keys to all accepted taxa are provided. The following new taxa are described: Symplocos hylandii Nooteboom and S. cochinchinensis vars glaberrima Nooteboom and pilosiuscula Nooteboom. A new combination is S. cochinchinensis var. candelabrum (Brand) Nooteboom for a taxon endemic to Lord Howe Island.


Disclosed in the invention is an implanted detector for medical treatment. The implanted detector comprises an electronic medical detection module, a communication antenna for realizing communication between an electronic medical detection module and an external world, and a middle shell with an H-shaped cross section. A first accommodation cavity for accommodating the electronic medical detection module is formed above the middle shell; a second accommodation cavity is formed below the middle shell; and separation boards are arranged in the second accommodation cavity and above the middle shell. The structure is reasonable; no pricking feeling on the human body is caused; the internal structure is designed reasonably; and the antenna arranged in the detector has a wide frequency range, good isolation, and a high gain. A good installation module is provided for development of an implantable medical diagnosis device. As long as enterprises design respective implantable electronic medical units into ones that have shapes and thicknesses or sizes and can be placed in the bottom shell, the good communication quality can be realized.


In this paper an innovative approach is presented for MT, which is based on pattern matching techniques, relies on extensive target language monolingual corpora and employs a series of similarity weights between the source and the target language. Our system is based on the notion of 'patterns', which are viewed as 'models' of target language strings, whose final form is defined by the corpus.


The occurrence of quench crack in the GCr15 blank rods was attributed to the over-size of the rods,the existence of network secondary cementite in the microstructure,inadequate pre-cooling before quenching,and the combined effect of microstructural and thermal stresses on the steel.And,the poor size stability of the finished bearings was caused by the remained austenite that was not completely eliminated by the subsequent low temperature tempering.The size stability and service time of the precise GCr15 bearings were found to be markedly increased by adopting an improved heat treatment process.


extent, therefore, Dr Gomez's book fulfils a need but she has been too ambitious in combining a complete dictionary of diagnosis and treatment with advice to the layman as to when and when not to seek medical advice. Every conceivable differential diagnosis is discussed, under each symptom heading, the decision to consult a doctor being made by self-diagnosis. That this might be difficult is illustrated in the opening pages of the book, where headache and its causes are described in great detail: although the reader is advised to treat his own tension headache with aspirin, a brain tumour headache is described as having 'no distinguishing characteristics'; a statement hardly likely to 'eliminate groundless fears'. Medical treatments are outlined in detail, which might prove embarrassing to the patient's own doctor, if his treatment should differ from that laid down in the book. There is undoubtedly a need for a book of this nature, but perhaps one which is simpler to use and less detailed might be more helpful for the average layman. DAVID WHEATLEY


A 30 dBm single-ended class-E RF power amplifier (PA) is fabricated in 65 nm CMOS technology. The PA is a cascode stage formed by a standard thin-oxide device and a high voltage extended-drain thick-oxide device. Both devices are implemented in a standard sub-micron CMOS technology without using extra masks or processing steps. The proposed PA uses an innovative self-biasing technique to ensure high power-added efficiency (PAE) at both high output power (Pout) and power back-off levels. At 2 GHz, the PA achieves a PAE of 60% at a Pout of 30 dBm and a PAE of 40% at 16 dB back-off.


Computational project C_CCEIA was developed (Calculation of Short circuit and Incident Energy of Arc Flash), in agreement with the procedures of norm NFPA 70E-2015. These calculations represent the platform for obtain the certificate of securing and of safe industry in accordance with the internationals norms. The developed algorithm provides for each node of the system: ➢ Values of three-phase short circuit (IEEE 551). ➢ Incident Energy and Limits of Approach (NFPA 70E). ➢ Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). ➢ Labels of risk against electrical arc. The program, with architecture of dynamic handling of memory, does not have limit as far as the number of nodes and elements of the system. Part of the obtaining of the matrix of nodal impedances ZBUS by the algorithm of Brown-Stagg. With the values of equivalent impedances of Thevenin it makes the calculation of the currents of three-phase short circuit of first network (IEEE 551), calculates the incident energies by electrical arc, by means of the procedure described in NFPA 70E determining the ranges approach limits considering the times of liberation of the fault of the protection scheme; assigning the category of risk for the selection of the personal protective equipment recommended by the norm. Once finished the calculations, empty program C_CCEIA the results in a file designated by the user and with a Office interphase, elaborate the equipment labeling of risk for each node of the system. The program been worth with the results of the example of norm NFPA 70E.


In order to address the changes and challenges in education sector, e-learning has emerged as a new paradigm of teaching-learning process. This new paradigm of modern education in 21 st century has comprehensively transformed the education landscape by integrating the use of internet-based information delivery systems and learning management platforms. Thanks to the rapid advancements in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) coupled with gradual & regulated expansion of telecommunication sector, the increasing adoption of e-learning in higher educational institutions is gaining momentum in India as well as globally. The International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 7 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


The relationship between work-to-family conflict (WFC) and turnover intentions (TOIs) has not received much attention within the organisational behaviour (OB) literature, with demands emerging from the family front often being neglected. The current study investigates the role of WFC as a mediator between both forms of demand (work as well as family) and turnover intentions, among 330 sales employees across service and manufacturing sectors, in Indian organisations. Both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the eight item work demand and family demand scale measuring work and family demands in the Indian setup. Results of structural equation modelling (SEM) with bootstrapping showed that work as well as family demands are significantly related to WFC. As expected, WFC was found to be positively related to turnover intentions. In addition, WFC was found to mediate the relationship between work demands and turnover intentions as well as between family demands and turnover intentions. The added value of the paper is in terms of: 1) focus on sales employees (across various sectors) who are under tremendous pressures both from work and family domains; 2) using SEM with bootstrapping to test the model.


Social network data are complex and dependent data. At the macro-level, social networks often exhibit clustering in the sense that social networks consist of communities; and at the micro-level, social networks often exhibit complex network features such as transitivity within communities. Modeling real-world social networks requires modeling both the macro- and micro-level, but many existing models focus on one of them while neglecting the other. In recent work, [28] introduced a class of Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGMs) capturing community structure as well as microlevel features within communities. While attractive, existing approaches to estimating ERGMs with community structure are not scalable. We propose here a scalable two-stage strategy to estimate an important class of ERGMs with community structure, which induces transitivity within communities. At the first stage, we use an approximate model, called working model, to estimate the community structure. At the second stage, we use ERGMs with geometrically weighted dyadwise and edgewise shared partner terms to capture refined forms of transitivity within communities. We use simulations to demonstrate the performance of the two-stage strategy in terms of the estimated community structure. In addition, we show that the estimated ERGMs with geometrically weighted dyadwise and edgewise shared partner terms within communities outperform the working model in terms of goodness-of-fit. Last, but not least, we present an application to high-resolution human contact network data.


Installed partitions, windows, and doors are often not situated ideally for sound isolation performance testing in terms of ASTM E 90 laboratory sound transmission loss (TL) and STC values. Test room quality specified in the ASTM E 336 and E 966 field methods may preclude TL measurement due to high absorption, small size, or flanking. Methods of Buckingham [NBS SP 20, 193–219 (S‐506)], London [NBS RP 26, 419–453 (RP 1338) (1941)], and Donato [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 40, 1–3 (1966)] were examined for field tests. Buckingham proposed the room space average sound‐level method now used in ASTM E 90, ASTM E 336, and E 966. Donato proposed that a term of value 1/8 be added within the 10 log (S/A) absorption normalization term to account for direct sound. London proposed sound‐pressure level measurements (SPL) flush to the specimen receiving room surface for field tests. Flush SPL can be normalized with receiver room space average SPL or absorption via RT60 to determine TL. Tests were recently performed on four wind...


At present, the research of isomorphism identification of planar kinematic chains has reached a great improvement, however, most of the methods are proved so complex, inefficient as well as unreliable that the research is hindered and restricted a lot. At the same time, especially with the appearance of the planar kinematic chains with multiple joints, there is less research about the methods. Hence, in the paper, based on the method of kinematic chains with characteristic arrays, one method of isomorphism identification of kinematic chains with single joint as well as multiple joints is proposed presently. What is more, a software based on this new method proposed is developed with Visual Basic. In the end of the paper, an example is analysed in detail with hand computation and this software, through which the method is proved simple, efficient as well as reliable.


Power has been a big issue in processor design for several years. As caches account for more and more CPU die area and power, this paper presents using filtering unnecessary way accesses to reduce dynamic power consumption of unified L2 cache shared by instruction and data. Our methods include using Invalid Filter, which could eliminate accesses to cache ways contained invalid blocks, and I/D Filter, which could eliminate accesses to cache ways contained instruction/data access type mismatch blocks, and Tag-2 Filter, which could eliminate accesses to cache ways contained tag lowest 2 bits mismatch blocks. Since the methods reducing the activities happened in cache architecture, dynamical CPU power could be significantly decreased. In the paper, we also propose combining the above methods together(Invalid+I/D+Tag-2 Filter), which is called Way-Filtering Cache, in an attempt to achieve better power saving results. Our evaluations show that, we could obtain 19.6%-47.8% (which is on average 34.3%)improvement on a 64K-4way cache and 19.6%-55.2%(which is on average 39.2%) improvement on a 128k-8way cache comparing to Invalid+I/D Filter, and 6.1%-27.7%(which is on average 16.6%) improvement on a 64K-4way cache and 6.9%-44.4%(which is on average 25.0%) improvement on a 128k-8way cache comparing to Invalid+Tag-2 Filter, respectively. Also, comparing to Tag-Data caches, which is popular used in less-latency-sensitive caches(e.g. unified L2 or Shared Last-LevelCache), our Way-Filtering cache could get 18.3%-29.2%(which is on average 23.1%) improvement on 64K-4way cache, and 27.2% to 50.1%(which is on average 41.1%) improvement on 128K-8way cache.


cines. The Pharmacy Practice Research Trust reported in 2007 that repeat dispensing only accounted for around 1 per cent of total prescriptions dispensed. 3 Primary Care Contracting (PCC) has nationally identified a number of barriers to the development of a repeat dispensing service; they include lack of start-up resource, patients and GPs not fully understanding the benefits of the service, reluctance to change practice, variations in staff competence and competing priorities. 4 These barriers have also been echoed by a number of other publications. 2,5,6


AbstractAn arrangement for testing precracked material under Mode II loading is demonstrated, and it is shown that hydrogen embrittlement can occur in Mode II.


Aim. To identify the indicators of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), which have diagnostic value in the individual assessment of the cardiovascular prognosis in young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).Material and Methods. The study included a total of 60 patients (29 men and 31 women) aged 18 to 36 years with a history of T1DM from 5 to 16 years, who underwent contrast-enhanced CMR. Circular strain, strain relaxation index (SRI), peak early diastolic strain rate (SRe), epicardial fat thickness (EFT), ejection fraction (EF), stroke volume (SV), end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), and left ventricular mass (LVM) were assessed. Echocardiography, 24-h electrocardiography (ECG), treadmill test, and NT-proBNP blood test were performed to exclude heart pathology. Statistical data processing was used to identify the relationships of changes in CMR parameters of the left ventricle and epicardial adipose tissue with disease duration, carbohydrate metabolism compensation (HbA1c), total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL).Results. Using the nonparametric Mann – Whitney U-test, the study showed the presence of significant differences in the values of SV, EDV, end-diastolic volume index (EDVI), and LVM in the groups of 5–10and 11–16-year duration of disease, respectively. The assessment of Spearman's rank correlation coefficients revealed negative correlations between the values of SV, ESV, ESV index (ESVI), EDV, and LVM and T1DM duration; between the index of circular strain and blood level of HbA1c; between the values of SV, EDVI, ESVI, EDV, ESV, and LVM and blood levels of total cholesterol and LDL; between SV, EDVI, ESVI, EDV, ESV, and LVM and mean EFT in the left ventricular projection.Conclusion. The CMR-based evaluation of strain parameters may become a key in personalized identification of young T1DM patients with a high risk of adverse cardiovascular events. The thickness and distribution of epicardial adipose tissue in young patients with T1DM may have predictive value for risk stratification of developing diseases associated with atherosclerosis and chronic heart failure, which will affect the primary prevention strategy in this population.


This thesis investigates consumer perceptions of a Chinese luxury fashion brand in Sweden. The impact of nation brand image in terms of consumer buying behaviour and perception is examined by perfo ...


We introduce the local information cost (LIC), which quantifies the amount of information that nodes in a network need to learn when solving a graph problem. We show that the local information cost presents a natural lower bound on the communication complexity of distributed algorithms. For the synchronous CONGEST $KT_1$ model, where each node has initial knowledge of its neighbors' IDs, we prove that $\Omega(\frac{\text{LIC}_\gamma(P)}{\log\tau \log n})$ bits are required for solving a graph problem $P$ with a $\tau$-round algorithm that errs with probability at most $\gamma$. Our result is the first lower bound that yields a general trade-off between communication and time for graph problems in the CONGEST $KT_1$ model. We demonstrate how to apply the local information cost by deriving a lower bound on the communication complexity of computing routing tables for all-pairs-shortest-paths (APSP) routing, as well as for computing a spanner with multiplicative stretch $2t-1$ that consists of at most $O(n^{1+\frac{1}{t} + \epsilon})$ edges, where $\epsilon = O( {1}/{t^2} )$. More concretely, we derive the following lower bounds in the CONGEST model under the $KT_1$ assumption: For constructing routing tables, we show that any $O(\text{poly}(n))$-time algorithm has a communication complexity of $\Omega( {n^2}/{\log^2 n} )$ bits. Our main result is for constructing graph spanners: We show that any $O(\text{poly}(n))$-time algorithm must send at least $\tilde\Omega(\tfrac{1}{t^2} n^{1+{1}/{2t}})$ bits. Previously, only a trivial lower bound of $\tilde \Omega(n)$ bits was known for these problems.


Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) are well known for their capability of generating photo-realistic images or data collections that appear real. One of state-of-the-art approaches in GAN is Evolutionary GAN (E-GAN) which can outperform other GAN methods by leveraging the advantages of evolutionary computing, including population based search, mutation and elitism operators. However evolutionary search is often demanding in terms of resources, e.g. computational power and time. That limits its applicability when resource is limited. Hence we propose Partial Transfer training based E-GAN (PT-EGAN) to improve the efficiency of E-GAN. PT-EGAN aims to train the generator and the discriminator with smaller data sets and transfer the gained features across different stages of training. Our comparative experiments on the CIFAR-10 data set shows that PT-EGAN can reach better performance than E-GAN when using similar resources. Alternatively PT-EGAN requires less resources to achieve a similar performance as E-GAN. PT-EGAN is effective in speeding up generative adversarial learning.


The impact of radar and surface data assimilation on the forecast of a nocturnal squall line initiated above the stable boundary layer in the Yangtze–Huaihe River is investigated by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and its three-dimensional variational assimilation system (WRFDA 3DVar). Results show that the assimilation of radar and surface data can improve the prediction of the convection initiation time, height and vertical ascending motion during the early stage of the squall line formation by adjusting the thermodynamic structure, circulation patterns, water vapor conditions and hydrometeor mixing ratios. Although the radar and surface data assimilation can improve the forecast of the location of the squall line to a certain extent, the squall line is stronger in the radar data assimilation than that in the surface data assimilation, leading to stronger radar reflectivity and heavier precipitation. The assimilation of both radar and surface data has a more positive impact on the forecast skill than the assimilation of either type of data. Moreover, during the mature stage of the squall line, radar and surface data assimilation can enhance the intensity of the surface cold pool. Specifically, radar data assimilation or assimilating the two data simultaneously can produce a stronger cold pool than only assimilating surface data, which is more conducive to the maintenance and development of the squall line.


In recent years much avant-garde architectural work has been dominated by a process based theoretical paradigm, inspired largely by various thinkers, critics, and philosophers. This particular 'process practice' attempts to address the paradox at the heart of contemporary production, by looking dialectically at the relationship between structure and ornament in nature with brainstorming and use of computer simulation. The goal of this paper is to develop a computer optimized system that can generate solutions for defining spaces involving a number of contextual relationships of activities. In particular, this research undertakes a pilot study (working team: Ashik Vaskor Mannan, Masrur Mamun Mithun, Lau Hon Yee Damien) on pattern and behavior in nature and implements the findings in to an architectural problem. The Initial Research focuses on Theory of emergence, Analysis of swarm behavior, and Analysis of ant system. Specific urban sites with different behavior patterns are chosen in Barcelona where this process is implemented to examine how they response to this course of action. This Bottom up method provides an optimum solution instead of a top down solution for an architectural problem


Recently, wafer level package (WLP) has become one of the promising packaging technologies due to its advantages such as fewer processing steps, lower cost, and enhanced device performance compared to single chip packages. Many developments on new WLP design, material and process have been accomplished according to the electrical, mechanical performance and reliability requirement of the devices to be packaged. For the lower cost, higher performance and environmentally green packaging process, anisotropic conductive films (ACFs) flip chip assembly has been widely used such as ultra-fine pitch flat panel display (FPD) and general semiconductor packaging applications. However, there has been no previous attempt using on WLP. In this study, wafer level packages using pre-applied ACFs on a wafer for flip-chip interconnections have been investigated, and the effect of process parameters on the ACF wafer level package performance were investigated. After ACF lamination on an Au stud bumped wafer, and subsequent singulation, and singulated chips were flip-chip assembled on an organic substrate using a thermo-compression bonding method. Au stud bumps were well assembled on Ni/Au pads of organic substrates. And ACF joints between Au stud bumps and substrate pads showed stable bump contact resistance of 8~9mOmega per a bump. As a summary, new wafer level package method using pre-applied anisotropic conductive films was successively demonstrated for flip chip interconnections. As a result, the newly developed WLP using pre-applied ACFs can be widely used for many non-solder flip chip assembly applications


Based on PowerPC and Nucleus PLUS,the correspondence management system for WMH-500 microcomputer-based busbar protection device was designed,which consists of the storage module,the clock module,the communication module,and the interface module and realizes data interaction and monitoring through the liquid crystal display terminal and the printer.Based on IEC 60870-5-103,the system communicates with the outside through RS485 or the ethernet and can meet relevant requirement of the automation systems of plants and stations.Tests and practice show that the system can improve the overall performance of the busbar protection device due to its advantages of being stable,reliable,easy to operate,extendable,and of good real-time performance.


The issue of urban agglomeration land use is a fundamental scientific topic for integrated and harmonious urban-rural development as well as sustainable development on the regional and national levels.The realization of urban agglomeration land optimal use is of great significance for the construction of resource-saved and environment-friendly society.This paper conducts a literature review on the research of urban agglomeration land use in China by using the methods of documentation and induction.The results indicate that the main perspectives include diagnosis of land use problems,land use change and its driving forces as well as land use assessment of composite attributes.It needs to enhance the innovation of theoretical system,widen the content and scales of the research,and attach importance to data collection and proper application of methodologies.The main directions of the research include land use change and land use optimal allocation in typical urban agglomeration areas and agricultural land protection in urban agglomeration hinterlands.


Objective To investigate the expression of proliferating cell nuclear Antigen(PCNA) and assisted with the tension of protein and protein homology,the No.10 chromosome lost phosphatase gene(phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosome ten,PTEN)in inverted papilloma of nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses and its carcinogenesis.Methods PCNA and PTEN protein expression in 55 paraffin tissue specimen of nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses,including inverted papilloma,atypical hyperplasia and papillary carcinoma were detected using immunohistochemical EnVision two step method.Results PCNA and PTEN protein were expressed in inverted papilloma,atypical hyperplasia and papillary carcinoma.The expression of PTEN protein showed a different distribution pattern to that of PCNA,the PCNA protein expression have a rising gradually and PTEN protein expression is decreasing gradually.Conclusions PCNA and PTEN protein expression change are closely related to the malignant transformation of inverted papilloma.PCNA expression up-regulated and loss of PTEN expressions may be a favorable marker and prompted prognosis in patient with inverted papilloma of nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses.


According to a new retrospective cohort study in Obstetrics & Gynecology, timely initiation of progestin in women with a history of preterm delivery is associated with a reduction in spontaneous preterm delivery.


The analysis of the movement technique from the biomechanics, allows to know the errors that the athlete makes and you/he/she facilitates the trainer to reorient the sessions of training to minimize the same ones, reaching a correct execution of the action with an efficient result. For such a reason, this work was guided to the realization of the analysis biomechanical of the technique of the mill launching, in an athlete with coarse experiences in this sport, being compared with the execution of a didactic movement of this action, what facilitated to detect the errors that are made accurately. Modern technology was used to obtain the images of the movement, being processed the same ones with a specialized software, what facilitated to obtain the data in the smallest possible time and with un range of worthless error. It was detected that an appropriate control of the position of the center of gravity of the body is not achieved, for what the transmission of the quantity of movement is hindered through the chain kinematics, question that impeded the good behavior of different characteristic measured kinematics.


Over the last decade, hundreds of thousands of volunteers have contributed to science by collecting or analyzing data. This public participation in science, also known as citizen science, has contributed to significant discoveries and led to publications in major scientific journals. However, little attention has been paid to data quality issues. In this work we argue that being able to determine the accuracy of data obtained by crowdsourcing is a fundamental question and we point out that, for many real-life scenarios, mathematical tools and processes for the evaluation of data quality are missing. We propose a probabilistic methodology for the evaluation of the accuracy of labeling data obtained by crowdsourcing in citizen science. The methodology builds on an abstract probabilistic graphical model formalism, which is shown to generalize some already existing label aggregation models. We show how to make practical use of the methodology through a comparison of data obtained from different citizen science communities analyzing the earthquake that took place in Albania in 2019.


The results of the hydrodynamic journal type bearing phase of the salt- lubricated bearing development program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory are given. One test each of two hydrodynamic journal type bearings constructed or INOR-8 versus INOR-8 was performed with molten salt #130 (62 LiF, 37BeF, 1 UF/sub 4/ mole %) at 1200 deg F as the lubricant. The first bearing operated for twenty minutes and the test was terminated due to seizure of the bearing and journal. The second bearing operated for 500 hours during which fifty-seven stopstart tests were performed and hydrodynamic lubrication was attained for extended periods at 1200 rpm and 200 lb radial load. Termination of the test was as scheduled at the completion of 500 hours of operation. Plans are also included for fur her testing. (auth)


—While necessary for the successful embedded software development and maintenance, software quality optimization is a complex activity with immense issues. Various design and run-time qualities should be continuously monitored and optimized during the whole Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). Moreover, embedded software engineers and developers need to manage complex interdependences, and inherent trade-offs between design and run-time qualities. The paper presents an innovative approach and integrated platform to resolve these complexities. The proposed approach is a result of the European research project SDK4ED (Software Development Toolkit for Energy Optimization and Technical Debt Elimination). The paper identifies existing challenges in the domain of embedded software quality optimization and points at the benefits of the new approach.


The amides of dichloroacetaldehyde were synthesized and their physical and chemical constants were determined. None of the compounds showed any appreciable hypnoticor analgetic activity. Two of the compounds, the isovaleramide and 2-ethylbutyramide derivatives showed some anticonvulsant activity.


Sustaining the metabolic needs of skeletal muscle is essential for maintaining normal muscle function. Skeletal muscle displays remarkable metabolic flexibility in terms of substrate utilization and under conditions of metabolic stress it can provide glucose and amino acids to other organs. Since it is a major sink for substrates, alterations in muscle metabolism are known to result in metabolic disorders and muscle diseases. Therefore, understanding the regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism is central to identifying therapeutic targets for a myriad of diseases. We recently identified that Sarcolipin (SLN) a regulator of Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) plays an important role in skeletal muscle metabolism and muscle based thermogenesis. It has also been shown that SLN promotes uncoupling of SERCA leading to heat production in vitro but the mechanism behind the regulation of its expression remains largely unknown. Here, we show that SLN expression is developmentally regulated in mice. Interestingly, cold acclimatization overrides the developmental downregulation of SLN indicating the importance of muscle-based thermogenesis in neonates. We further demonstrate that pathological conditions like salmonella infection, inflammation and muscle disease like Duchenne muscular dystrophy upregulate SLN expression in skeletal muscle. All these physiological and pathological states are accompanied by alterations in metabolic machinery, increase in energy expenditure and metabolic stress. We demonstrate that


After the many pages of Worlds in Transition itself, and in the wake of the generous, articulate and constructive contributions to the debate that have been offered by the authors in this collection, it is appropriate that, as the original authors, our closing contributions are kept short. Much of what has been contributed to this collection provides excellent starting points for further development of our understanding of the evolution of governance, especially as it is developing under the stresses of the period in which we live. Of course, some of what we thought to argue in the book has not come back with quite the same meaning when reflected in the various contributions, no doubt because our text was less clear than we hoped. I propose to confine this last comment to just one or two of these points, and with the caveat that for a more nuanced treatment it is appropriate to return to the book. In particular, let us return to our use of the concept of 'evolution'. As is well known, there is a longstanding debate about whether adequate change in governance requires a process which is evolutionary or revolutionary. At the heart of this is whether the growing challenges within a society (whether inequities, gathering environmental damage, political autonomy, or much else) can be addressed effectively through existing political institutions, or instead requires an overthrow of existing overarching political and economic relationships – not infrequently accompanied by violence and bloodshed. Perhaps despite appearances, although we develop an evolutionary framework, it has not been our intention to intervene in this particular debate, which in any case must require consideration of many specifics. Evolution as we use it should not be thought to be code for a particularly smooth or untroubling style of change. In particular, the two concepts of evolution we utilise in this book do not assume that change will be continuous, gentle or progressive. It may be, but also it may be disruptive, brutal and (in terms of longterm impacts on adaptation) regressive. The first evolutionary perspective we introduce is biological evolution. Here we recognise the significance of humans as biological entities that have emerged and continue to develop within a dynamically changing and responding evolutionary context. As we stress, all human attainments, whether in language, culture or science, are the product of endowments developed through a process of biological evolution. Accompanying this well-known, but sometimes inconvenient, consideration is that humans are profoundly dependent on the functioning of their natural environment. This is one reason why the pace of governance decision making is not a matter simply of meeting the convenience of human institutions.


An algorithm for hiding patientpsilas data from JPEG ultrasound images, applied directly on DCT (discrete cosine transform) coefficients is presented. The algorithm can detect textual information using the amount of energy, computed using only AC coefficients, without converting medical images/video back to the spatial (uncompressed) domain. In order to offer a high quality care for patients, textual information containing the patient data is hidden or eliminated. Further, the processed medical images can be accessed and analyzed, for a second-opinion, by physicians, or in medical research, keeping the patients privacy provided of the ultrasound medical images. The algorithm has been implemented and verified with good performances.


The effects of Thonningea sanguinea Vahl. root extracts were tested against Plasmodium berghei and Plasmodium chabaudi, acetic acid induced abdominal constriction and egg albumin induced paw oedema in rodents. Eighteen mice assigned to 3 groups of 6 animals each were infected with P. berghei (NK 65 chloroquine sensitive strain). Group I was treated with 300 mg/kg bw T. sanguinea, group II with 5mg/kg bw chloroquine phosphate (standard) and group III with 20ml/kg bw normal saline (control). Another set of eighteen mice were also inoculated with P. chabaudi and treated similarly. P. berghei was significantly suppressed by the extract over the time course of the study with mice survival periods of 36, 20 and 16 days for chloroquine, plant extract and normal saline treatments respectively. T. sanguinea produced some initial suppression of parasites but subsequently resurgence in parasitaemia was observed in the case of P. chabaudi infected animals. Mice survival periods with the later were 24 days (CQ), 22 days (extract) and 10 days (normal saline). Whole body weights significantly decreased in P. chabaudi but not P. berghei infected mice. Packed Cell Volume significantly (p<0.05) decreased with both models irrespective of the treatments. The extract had a minimal (10.89%) analgesic effect and had no anti-inflammatory activity. T. sanguinea though effective only in the P. berghei model could still be further investigated.


This investigation had as its purpose the development of a new drilling technology capable of producing a roof bolt hole smaller than that which is typical of a conventional rotary-mechanical drill, while at the same time increasing the penetration rate. Reducing the hole size promotes the use of resin bolting as the quantity of materials used per hole is reduced, thereby lowering the cost of the operation. As resin bolting is widely recognized as being a safer method of roof control than mechanically anchored bolts, the overall safety of mining is improved. A system utilizing high velocity water jets in conjunction with a rotary-mechanical bit was developed and refined, with major emphasis placed upon hybrid-bit design and high-pressure rotary-sealing techniques. This required the development of theory and design models, as well as the system engineering itself. The WATER JET MECHANICAL system developed began with an experimental surface drill, followed by the development of a more advanced and reliable above-ground system and, finally, the development of an underground unit. Penetration rates in some rock types far exceeded those demonstrated by conventional rotary-mechanical drills and by pure jet drilling systems, typically by a factor of two or more. Bit thrust and torquemore » were reduced by more than four to one compared to rotary-mechanical systems, and bit life increased by seventy-five times in even the hardest and most abrasive of partially metamorphosed sandstone. An analysis of the drilling data indicates that cost of the bolting operation may be reduced by 13 to 30% by the use of water jet mechanical systems and that the technology, which is currently in limited commercial use, may represent an important advance in mining technology.« less


Statistics of N quantum density soliton waves [B. M. Mirza, Mod. Phys. Lett. B28 (2014) 1450148] is extended here to the case of systems with symmetric wave function. Since many such systems exhibit condensation phenomena, application is made of the soliton wave statistics to investigate condensation and phase transition in quantum gases such as 4He and also dense systems such as the alkali atoms. Specific heat discontinuities are used to determine the condensation temperature for dense quantum gases and liquids. For the model case of helium the statistical theory is shown to predict not only the observed superfluid condensation temperature (2.17 ± 0.01 K) correctly but also the normal condensation temperature (4.21 ± 0.02 K), as well as the exact specific heat λ-profile.


Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) can be defined as a "comprehensive and systematic planning process designed to identify, analyze and evaluate the environmental effects of proposed projects and ensure that these impacts and considerations are factored into project decision making". As awareness of projected future climate change grows, so does the recognition that climate change planning must go beyond Greenhouse Gas (GHG) accounting. Climate change planning must also consider the effects of the environment on the projects and consider adaptation measures, so that the project will operate effectively in an uncertain future climate. EIA reviewers are increasingly requiring documentation and detailed discussion of how a changing climate may impact the project. Proponents must understand and present how future weather variability, such as severe and/or extreme weather conditions, and the long term effects of a changing climate, could adversely affect project infrastructure or Valued Ecosystem Components, and document how the project has been designed to be resilient to these changes. This paper discusses this approach of incorporating climate change impacts into EIA's, present adaptation best practices and document the implementation of this process in both North and South America.


Darvon is used by heroin addicts to aid in the control of withdrawal symptoms. The patient described, following the self-administration of the drug, developed intravascular coagulation and hemolysis which required hemodialysis.


AbstrcatBased on the requirements of fast and real-time 3D modeling of human body in the electronic made to measure (eMTM) system, putting forward a method combining Matlab with the traditional Web application, and then setting up a system, independent from Matlab platform, based on web/Http for setting up online 3D modeling online using the method. At last a demonstration was also given to show the specific process of how to put the method into practice and the results illustrated that this method is very efficient in fast and real-time simulation of 3D human body. These results will be significant to the development of eMTM in garment industry.


This study investigated the effects of relationships with significant others on satisfaction with life among multicultural youths living in Korea. We conducted a survey of 227 multicultural youths in Seoul, Kyungki, Daegu, and Kyungsang province by using self-report questionnaires based on various scales including satisfaction with life and relationships with parents, teachers, and peers. The structural equation modeling analysis indicated that relationships with parents and peers had significant effects on satisfaction with life, and relationships with parents and teachers were significant predictors of relationships with peers. In addition, relationships with teachers and parents were indirectly related to satisfaction with life through relationships with peers. These results suggest the theoretical and practical utility of assets approach to understanding satisfaction with life among Korea's multicultural youths.


Composting is a process of the biological decomposition of organic matter under aerobic conditions. Composts made from waste may still contain other substances that influence plant growth and development, such as vitamins or plant growth substances (plant hormones). Application of products containing phytohormones has an effect on numerous physiological processes in plants. Among observable results are: improved condition of the root system, increased absorption of nutrients, improved stress and disease resistance and delayed aging. The purpose of the research was to analyse the occurrence of plant hormones in mature composts made from selectively collected organic fraction of household municipal solid waste. Solid waste processing was carried out in a composting plant located at the Municipal Waste Management Plant in Żywiec (Silesian Province, Żywiecki District, Poland). The composting plant uses a Herhor bioreactor. Organic waste constituted 70% of the mixture, with the remaining 30% composed of structural material. Regarding the varying amounts of green waste (mainly grass clippings), the composts were divided into two groups: early spring composts and late spring composts. Four out of the five analysed substances (from the auxin and cytokinin groups) were found in composts made from waste collected in early spring. Composts made from waste collected from May to June contained mostly cytokinins and gibberellic acid. Total concentration of plant hormones in the composts was related to the content of plant waste in processed material.


The paper examines whether openness of the economy leads to reduction in corruption using a panel estimation of 31 Asian countries and further estimate its impact on South Asian nations and in the case of India. Specially, we provide an insight to the changes in the level of perceived corruption, democracy, openness and economic development. The focus is not only on detecting the linear effects of economic development on corruption but evaluate any existence of a non-linear relationship after controlling for social, economic and institutional factors for India. The results for South Asian nations indicate that these nations are more corrupt than non-South Asian countries. For India, we find an existence of a non-linear relationship between economic development and corruption. The interactive relationship between economic development and openness of India's economy leads to a reduction in corruption. The results provide some new inferences in the case of South Asian nations in general and India in particular. The policy implications suggests a combination of economic, institutional and social policies that can effectively, in turn, reduce and lower the effects of corruption on the society, economy and development.


It is shown that alkaline hydrogen peroxide cannot serve as a source of superoxide radicals without the presence of a catalyst. Addition of superoxide dismutase to alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution results in an immediate drop in the concentration of superoxide radicals, followed by an increase in the radical yield, because the enzyme is attacked by OH radicals and transformed into an active (but dismutase-inactive) catalyst of hydrogen peroxide decomposition.


BACKGROUND: The German Diabetes Association has prepared a revision of their Guideline on blood glucose lowering treatment. The German General Practitioners Academic Association (DEGAM) had criticised this version but was not heard. METHODS: Analysis of the Guideline and comparison to study evidence. RESULTS: In all areas of treatment - goals, substances used for and controls - the Guideline is in contrast to evidence. But within the Guideline there are a lot of contradictory statements and discrepancies between argument and recommendation. CONCLUSION: Authors of the analysed Guideline should join the National Guideline Group on Diabetes Care where those arguments and persons following evidence based medicine could be supported.


The aim of the present study was to investigate the nanoemulsion system for enhanced percutaneous penetration of domperi- done. Pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed in order to optimize the surfactant, cosurfactant and surfactant: cosurfactant weight ratios (Smix). Nine nanoemulsion formulations were selected, characterized and their ex-vivo permeation studies using rat skin were per- formed. The nanoemulsion formulations had small droplet size (<90 nm), uniform size distribution (PI, < 0.2) and low viscosity (<160 mP). The results demonstrated that the droplet size and viscosity of nanoemulsion decreased following decrease in the concentration of polysorbate 20, whereas transdermal flux was increased. The optimized formulation NE-B1, which contained oleic acid (4 % w/w), polysorbate 20 (10 % w/w), diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (20 % w/w) and water (64 % w/w) showed significant increase (P < 0.01) in the transdermal flux (169.32 ± 8.33 � g.h -1 cm -2 ). The in vivo studies revealed a 3.5 fold increase in relative bioavailability through transdermal application of NE-B1 formulation compared to oral drug suspension. Moreover, the effective drug plasma concentration was maintained for 16 hour after the transdermal application indicated that the developed nanoemulsion systems could be a promising carrier for the transdermal delivery of domperidone for prolonged period. Microemulsions are quaternary systems composed of an oil phase, a water phase, surfactant frequently in combination with cosurfactant (1-3). These spontaneously formed systems possess specific physicochemical properties such as transparency, optical isotropy, low viscosity and thermodynamic stability. In stable mi- croemulsion, droplet diameter is usually within the range of 10-100 nm (100-1000 A°), and therefore these systems are also termed as nanoemulsions (NE) (4). Due to their unique physicochemical properties, NE offer advantages over traditional topical and trans- dermal drug delivery formulations. Many studies have shown that NE formulations possess improved transdermal and dermal delivery properties both in vitro (5-17), as well as in vivo (18-22). The high solubilizing capacity of NE enables them to increase the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. Both, increase in solute concentra- tion and the tendency of the drug to favor partitioning into the stra- tum corneum make NE a useful vehicle to enhance transdermal drug permeability (23). As demonstrated by a recent publication (18), the transdermal permeation rate of a lipophilic drug significantly increased from NE as compared to macroemulsions. In macroemulsions the free mobil- ity of the active material between the internal (disperse) phase to the external (continuous) phase within the structure of the formu- lated system is limited due to the strong interactions between the surfactants that form tight interfacial film. In NE, the co-surfactant lowers the interfacial tension of the surfactant film, resulting in a more flexible and dynamic layer (3,14). The drug in this energy- rich system can diffuse across the flexible interfacial surfactant film, a thermodynamic process that increases partitioning and diffu- sion into the stratum corneum. This article is intended to demonstrate the feasibility of new o/w NE system for transdermal delivery of domperidone. Domperi- done is a dopamine (D2 receptor) antagonist with predominant peripheral activity. It is clinically effective in conditions such as diabetic gastroparesis, chronic dyspepsia, pediatric vomiting, cancer chemotherapy induced nausea and emesis (24). Owing to its high portion of hepatic first pass metabolism (~85 %) (25), its low mo- lecular weight (426 Da), its moderate lipophilicity (Log P, 3.9) as


This paper presents the results of two studies which comprehension tested safety symbols in published ANSI and ISO voluntary standards. Study 1 tested safety symbols from the ANSI Z535.3 Criteria for Safety Symbols standard. Study 2 tested additional safety symbols from the ANSI Z535.3 standard as well as additional symbols from the ISO 7010 safety symbols standard. Overall, comprehension of the symbols in both studies was relatively poor. Only two of the twelve symbols tested in Study 1 and five of the fourteen symbols tested in Study 2 met ANSI Z535.3 acceptance criteria. Adding red to hazard alerting symbols to depict heat improved comprehension, but adding color and determinants to information symbols did not. Implications of these results for future revisions of the ANSI Z535.3 standard are discussed.


Implementing industrialized operation on college sports facilities will enable colleges and the society to gain benefits jointly as well as the support of state policies and legislations,social demands and universities themselves.For the industrialized operation of college sports facilities,market orientations should be correctly deter-mined and business strategies should be established.


This article is dedicated to the crime problems analysis associated with production and turnover of medicines. The author considers the categories «counterfeit medicine», «low-quality medicine», «forged medicine». Рossible options of qualification of the address of the forged medicines and a problem connected with such qualification are considered, and also the version of the solution of these problems is offered.


Development and Structures of Creole Languages: Essays in Honor of Derek Bickerton. Francis Byrne and Thorn Huebner. eds. Creole Language Library, 9. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1991. 222 pp.


Particular cases of groundwater flow along a hillslope are studied using the groundwater hydraulic theory (e.g., Dupuit approximation) described by the Boussinesq equation. Analytical solutions are found as simple transformations of known similarity solutions. In particular, the expressions for phreatic surface level and volume flux and the corresponding loop‐rating curve for the flow of a groundwater mound as well as the travelling wave solutions of the Boussinesq equation are described in detail.


The purpose of this short paper is to provide a formally correct and exhaustive reference for some general properties of price and revenue functions in homogenous-good markets. The scope is limited to price and revenue functions that solely depend on the quantities; therefore the results here presented can be usefully employed in the analysis of homogeneous-good Cournot oligopolies. Particular attention is devoted to the monotonicity properties of price and marginal revenue functions.


This literature review summarises theory and evidence of
the contribution of conservation agriculture (CA) to resilience in the event of drought. A resilient agricultural system is able to continue to function and provide essential
ecosystem services, such as food provisioning, following
an external shock. If drought occurs, a more resilient system should offer higher productivity and food security.
The review asks whether CA improves productivity and
food security when rainfall is poor, and what aspects
of CA contribute most to these benefits. The review will
guide the design of a field study on the impacts of CA after the 2015/16 El Nino drought in southern Africa.
Conservation agriculture combines three basic sets of
technologies or practices: i) minimum or reduced tillage,
ii) maintenance of soil surface cover using crop residues,
and iii) crop diversification using rotations. CA has been
identified as a climate smart agricultural practice because
it improves crop productivity, improves resilience of
cropping systems to climate change, and mitigates
greenhouse gases. In Southern Africa two forms of CA
have recently been promoted: a manual version based
on digging planting basins, and a mechanised practice
based on the use of soil rippers and direct seeders or jab
planters. Due, in part, to inaccessibility of CA equipment,
most smallholder farmers in the region are practising
manual CA techniques...


A direct-sequence spread-spectrum multiple-access (SSMA) communication system that assigned a set of M-orthogonal sequences to each user is analyzed. An accurate model is incorporated for the impulsive noise that characterizes the LF and MF bands, so that the SSMA receiver operates in a combination of multiple-access interference and impulsive (atmospheric) noise. The performance of a linear receiver operating in such an environment is analyzed, and probability-of-error curves are presented. The presence of impulsive noise motivates the derivation and analysis of a nonlinear receiver that use a variable-gain stage to suppress noise impulses. This receiver is effectively optimum when the signal amplitudes are below a certain bound and when the noise and interference samples are independent, or nearly so. However, the gain stage of this nearly optimum receiver depends on the noise model parameters including the various user delays. Consequently, a nonparametric receiver that incorporates a simple clipper is also analyzed. The asymptotic relative efficiency of both receivers is determined. >


Abstract Tennis is one of the most popular and widely played sports enjoyed by players of different age groups and genders as a profession as well as a mode of recreation. A novel method, PETTLEP imagery combines both conventional and non-conventional style of training of an athlete and improves one's performance. This study aimed to analyze the tennis service performance of junior tennis players based on PETTLEP imagery training. Forty-four junior male tennis players (M age=13.22 years, SD=0.42) were selected for the study. The investigator handed over the MIQ-R questionnaire to all the participants in which they scored 16 and above points as per previous research. The participants were equally divided (n=11) into three experimental groups (E1, E2, and E3) and a control group. The service performance outcomes of all the players were compared before and after a training session. The three experimental groups were assigned with service-specific training, service-specific training combined with PETTLEP imagery training, and PETTLEP imagery training alone, respectively, for three days per week for 12 weeks. They were tested on their service accuracy based on the International tennis number (ITN) manual on-court assessment test. The data were assessed for normality and analyzed using non-parametric methods to reveal main effects (each training method alone) as well as to calculate the combined effect of PETTLEP and service-specific training. Certain significant improvements in tennis service were observed with service-specific training alone. Though it marginally outperformed the PETTLEP imagery method, the most improved services were observed with both PETTLEP and service-specific training utilized together. This implies an additive effect when both methods are used together.


Expansive soils are characterized by repeated swelling and shrinkage. They cause great damage to engineering projects because of their expansiveness, over-consolidation and propensity to crack. However, the impact of cracks on the stability of an expansive soil slope during loading and irrigation is not yet fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between slope state and crack development in fissured expansive soils. A series of physical model tests with different types of cracks were conducted, in which the fissured expansive soil slopes were subjected to different loadings (1.6, 3.2, 4.8, 6.4, 16 MPa), and irrigated at a flow rate of 25 mL/min. The VIC-2d software, which utilizes the digital image correlation principle, was used to quantitatively obtain the horizontal and vertical strain data of the slope model. The closure and opening of cracks, and the slope state after loading and irrigation were monitored by strain data analysis using VIC-2d software. The results indicate that the excessive overlying stress revives the existing cracks and produces sliding along the crack interface. The sliding surface of the fissured expansive soil slope became shallower due to the water infiltration. It was demonstrated that the middle and foot of the fissured expansive soil slope were the key positions for reinforcement from the perspective of the mutual transformation of tensile strain and compressive strain on the surface of the slope. It is of great importance to study the relationship between the crack strain state and deformation trend of a slope subjected to loading and infiltration to understand the progressive surface- or shallow-layer sliding mechanisms, and reinforce key areas of the slopes in areas containing moderately or strongly expansive soils with abundant cracks.


Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome of external bracket fixation in the treat- ment of complex tibia diaphysis fracture involving intra-articular fractures.Methods Forty-two cases of complex tibia diaphysis fracture with proximal and distal intra-articular fractures treated surgically in our hospital from January 1999 to January 2004 were analyzed.The complex tibia diaphysis fractures were categorized according to the AO classification as type C2 (multiple segments fracture) and type C3 (ir- regular fracture),proximal and distal intra-articular fractures in 23 and 19 cases,respectively.Definite operation was done within one week.Twenty-two cases were treated with simple external fixator,and 20 cases treated with screws and external fixator.Results All the 42 cases were followed-up regularly. According to AO evaluation of the knee and ankle joint movement,83% (35/42 cases) of the cases gained satisfactory functional outcome,14% (6/42 cases) had quite satisfactory results and 2% (1/42 case) had unsatisfactory functional outcome.Conclusion External bracket fixation can obtain outcome of relative length of the tibia and fibula,tube structure reconstruction,smoothness of the articular surface and the parallel and symmetric relation of knees and ankles for complex tibia diaphysis fracture with proxi- mal and distal intra-articular fracture.The arthritis resulting in pain in movement and restriction of func- tion is considered to be the most important factor affecting the joint function.Early functional exercise is important for best recovery of knee and ankle function.


A molecular genetics study involving DNA sequencing of a portion of the mitochondrial DNA 16S rRNA gene was undertaken to determine the extent of genetic variation and distribution ofReticulitermes, Zootermopsis, and Incisitermes termites from Oregon andWashington. Eighty seven samples were sequenced and evaluated. From 17 Oregon and Washington counties, a total of one I. minor, 15 Z. angusticollis, one R. flavipes, one R. hageni, 65 R. hesperus, two R. okanaganensis, and two undescribed Reticulitermes were identified. The corresponding numbers of haplotypes for represented taxa include one haplotype each for R. hageni, R. flavipes, an undescribed Reticulitermes, I. minor, and Z. angusticollis, two haplotypes of R. okanaganensis, and 4 haplotypes of R. hesperus. Glacial refugia theories about the distribution of termites occupying both Oregon and Washington provide possible clues into the possible mechanisms which have fostered genetic variability in R. hesperus haplotypes and restricted gene flow in Z. angusticollis. They also provide some understanding to the driving forces behind the identification of newly identified termite groups from the region.


Due to superior figures-of-merit (FoMs), gallium nitride (GaN) high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) offer a huge potential for high-voltage switching applications in power electronics. Recent developments show a trend from board level designs with discrete GaN HEMTs and separate silicon-based drivers [1]–[3] towards monolithic integration of GaN HEMT and driver in GaN-on-Silicon technology [4], [5]. This has led to even better control of parasitics along with significantly smaller solution size. While monolithic integration of high-voltage offline power converters has been demonstrated using silicon technology [6], the lack of any suitable p-type device [7] is a major challenge towards full integration including control loops and analog circuit blocks in GaN. Moreover, random crystal defect rates between 5 and 10 per $\mu \mathrm{m}^{2}$ strongly affect the electron mobility [8] and thereby cause higher device mismatch than that of the state-of-the-art silicon processes. This paper presents the monolithic integration of an offline buck converter in a 650V enhancement-mode (e-mode) GaN process. In comparison with state-of-the-art solutions it offers high efficiency, high power density and low component count in one solution. The block diagram in Fig. 18.2.1 shows the fully integrated control loop and analog supporting blocks together with the gate driver and high-voltage power transistor on one GaN die. The buck converter operates in boundary conduction mode and uses cycle-by-cycle peak current sensing to control the average output current. The off-time is either limited by a zero current detection or by an RC-based max off timer (e.g., during startup).


In order to solve the ubiquitous problem which is difficult to choose courses in university and assist students to find and take the courses that they're interested, a course selecting system based on weight is proposed. To solve the lack of information on courses,the selecting system presents the evaluation from the students who finished the courses, the micro blogs about the courses and the historical materials to enable students to have better understanding of the courses before they select courses. To help more students fi nally take the courses they selected, a course arranging algorithm based on weight is designed and experimental results show that the algorithm can enable more students to take the courses they want.


The history of successful therapy of Hodgkin's disease was initiated at the beginning of this century with the first reports of effective X-ray treatments by Pusey and Senn (1, 2). Today, at the end of this century, over 70% of patients with Hodgkin's disease will be cured using modern treatment strategies. Both megavoltage radiotherapy and combination chemotherapy are effective treatment modalities. Therefore the optimal choice of treatment depends on the knowledge of 1) prognostic factors influencing the individual treatment outcome, 2) results of the different treatment alternatives, and 3) the risk of acute and long-term complications incurred by these treatments. Historically, extended field (EF) or subtotal nodal irradiation (STNI) is the treatment of choice for patients with pathological stage I and II after staging laparotomy. The use of limited irradiation volumes (involved field) in clinically staged patients is inadequate with an excess in relapse rates of over 50%. Following the strategy of staging laparotomy and, if negative, EF-irradiation or STNI, overall survival is excellent with a rate over 90% at 10 years (3). Since the introduction of the MOPP-regimen by DeVita (4) and ABVD-regimen by Bonadonna (5), these chemotherapy protocols are standard therapies, for the advanced stages. However, 50% of patients with advanced stages failed in initial treatment programmes, and the prognosis of these treatment failures is very poor.


We report the operation of a Terahertz (THz) detector exploiting the bi-material effect to resonantly excite a cantilever (CL) of micrometric size. The detector is fabricated on a SOI substrate and coupling to the incident THz radiation is obtained using two coupled aluminum half-dipole antennas. The induced CL deflection is readout optically with a 1.5µm laser. At 300K and 2.5THz, we obtain a peak responsivity of ~2 x 108pm/W for the fundamental bending mode. This yields a NEP of ~20nW/Hz1/2 at 2.5THz, i.e. of ~2nW/Hz1/2 at 3.8THz, corresponding to the antenna peak absorption. Finally, the low mechanical quality factor of the mode grants a broad frequency response of approximately 100kHz, i.e. a response time of ~10 μs.


All parts like adaptor plates, swash plates, repair patches and components providing way to wires have multiple cut-outs and as composites are replacing metals and alloys in many of these components it is necessary to understand the composite material's reaction to mechanical loads in presence of cut-outs. In this work, experiments were conducted to note the impact of combination of various cut-outs on the UTS (ultimate tensile strength) of GFRC. Result shows that specimens containing combination of square and circular cut-outs can carry highest loads before failure as compared to other combinations.


Purpose: This AUA Guideline focuses on active surveillance (AS) and follow-up after intervention for adult patients with clinically-localized renal masses suspicious for cancer, including solid enhancing tumors and Bosniak 3/4 complex cystic lesions. Materials and Methods: In January 2021, the Renal Mass and Localized Renal Cancer guideline underwent additional amendment based on a current literature-search. This literature search retrieved additional studies published between July 2016 to October 2020 using the same Key Questions and search criteria from the Renal Mass and Localized Renal Cancer guideline. When sufficient evidence existed, the body of evidence was assigned strength-rating of A (high), B (moderate), or C (low) for support of Strong, Moderate, or Conditional Recommendations. In the absence of sufficient evidence, additional information is provided as Clinical Principles and Expert Opinions (table 1Table 1. AUA Nomenclature Linking Statement Type to Level of Certainty, Magnitude of Benefit or Risk/Burden, and Body of Evidence Strength). Results: AS with potential delayed intervention should be considered for patients with solid, enhancing renal masses <2cm or Bosniak 3-4 lesions that are predominantly-cystic. Shared decision-making about AS should consider risks of intervention/competing mortality versus the potential oncologic benefits of intervention. Recommendations for renal mass biopsy and considerations for periodic clinical/imaging-based surveillance are discussed. After intervention, risk-based surveillance protocols are defined incorporating clinical/laboratory evaluation and abdominal/chest imaging designed to detect local/systemic recurrences and possible treatment-related sequelae, such as progressive renal-insufficiency. Conclusion: AS is a potential management strategy for some patients with clinically-localized renal masses that requires careful risk-assessment, shared decision-making and periodic-reassessment. Follow-up after intervention is designed to identify local/systemic recurrences and potential treatment-related sequelae. A risk-based approach should be prioritized with selective use of laboratory/imaging resources.


The abil ity of cells of mouse G1 cell line to sur vive af ter treat ment with dif fer ent con cen tra tions of colchicine has been ana lysed. We have shown that G1 cells at 26 and 114 pas sages are less sen si tive to the treat ment with colchicine than BALB/c mouse em bry onic fibroblasts. These re sults in di cate at ten u a tion of the mi totic check point of G1 cells. The ex pres sion of p53 has been de tected at low lev els in cells of G1 cell line and its sublines G1-OA and G1-T by West ern blot ting. It has been shown by immunoprecipitation that G1 cells con tain wild type and mu tant p53 that could lead to the disfunction of p53. Ge netic in sta bil ity of G1 cell line is pos si bly as so ci ated with the fail ure of the mi totic check point and func tional in ac ti va tion of p53.


The third edition of the popular Clean Air Handbook provides readers with a broad overview of all the complex regulatory requirements of the Act and its amendments, including the most recent developments. Chapters cover such topics as the federal-state partnership, control technology regulation, operating and preconstruction permitting programs, acid deposition control program, regulation of mobile sources of air pollution, and more.


Abstract : This is the final report of the Boston University, Harvard University and University of Maryland MURI on Design and Control of Smart Structures. The report contains a summary of results obtained from the inception of the program in May 1997 until its conclusion in August, 2003. Over this period the researchers involved produced new and useful results in the areas of micromechanical devices (fabricated and used at ARL), micro fluidics, work on the control of boundary layer flows, work on modeling micromagnetics, and a range of patented devices including a 1024 segment controllable MEMS mirror and a novel 1000 Hz optical switch based on the control of a fluid interface. More than 60 students at undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral levels were supported under this project and over 160 papers have appeared acknowledging support from the grant.


Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) usually arises in the setting of liver cirrhosis from viral or non-viral causes. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a rising cause of HCC in the United States and many other parts of the world. Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) or its ligand have improved outcomes for patients with advanced HCC. In general, clinical biomarkers are not currently used to identify patients most likely to benefit from systemic immunotherapy in HCC, and whether etiology has any effect on immunotherapy responses in HCC has been unclear. In this session, we will review recent preclinical data suggesting that NASH may impair immune responses in HCC. We will also review data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) comparing the tumor immune microenvironment of viral-associated and non-viral HCC, and review the preponderance of clinical evidence indicating that HBV, HCV, and non-viral HCC all derive clinical benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
 Citation Format: Mark Yarchoan. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in the Pathogenesis and Molecular Therapies of Liver Cancer; 2022 May 5-8; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2022;28(17_Suppl):Abstract nr IA18.


The purpose of this study was to determine the Characteristics of Geology, Geochemistry, Geophysics in Assessing the Geothermal Potential of the Bonjol Region, Pasaman, West Sumatra. The Bonjol geothermal area is included in the Bonjol District, Pasaman Regency, West Sumatra Province. The rocks in the study area can be divided into 13 rock units, namely two sedimentary rock units, 10 volcanic rock units, and one surface sediment unit, while geothermal manifestations in the research area are scattered in the central part which is dominated by the emergence of hot springs in Padang Baru, Takis River, Limau River, and Langkuik/Kambahan River. In addition to hot springs, alteration rocks are also found around Ds. Blimbing and in the northwestern part of the research area are both past alterations.


Oral fast disintegrating drug delivery systems were first developed in the late 1970s as an alternative to tablets, capsules, & syrups for paediatric & geriatric patients who experience difficulties in swallowing traditional oral solid dosage forms. These dosage forms either dissolve or disintegrate generally within a 3 minute, without needing water. Oral fast Disintegrating dosage form have started gaining popularity & acceptance as new drug delivery system because they are easy to administer & lead to better patient compliance .Oral fast Disintegrating dosage form consist of mouth dissolving tablets & fast dissolving films. Mouth dissolving tablets contains drug, which disintegrates rapidly, usually within a matter of seconds, when placed upon the tongue. Fast dissolving films, a new drug delivery system for the oral delivery of the drugs, was developed based on the technology of the transdermal patch. Present review focused on various aspects of Oral fast disintegrating dosage forms. Patel Afroza* 1 , Shaikh Siraj 1 , G. J Khan 1 , Molvi K.I. 2 , Patel Huzaifa 1 , Wedachchchhiya Sufiyan 1 1.Ali-Allana College of pharmacy, Akkalkuwa Dist Nandurbar (MH), India 2.Ibn. Sina National College for Medical studies,Jaddah, Kingdom of Saudia Arabia. Submission: 10 July 2016 Accepted: 15 July 2016 Published: 25 July 2016 www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Citation: Patel Afroza et al. Ijppr.Human, 2016; Vol. 6 (4): 689-701. 690 INTRODUCTION Reason behind preference of oral route for drug administration is due to its ease of swallowing, distress avoidance, versatility & most significantly, patient compliance. The large number of patients find it difficult to swallow tablets & capsules, & do not take their medicines as prescribed. It is estimated that 50 % of the population was affected by this problem, which finally results in a higher chance of non-compliance & ineffective therapy. For these reasons, tablets that can disintegrate in the oral cavity, have attracted enormous attention. 1 Solid dosage forms as oral tablets have the most considerable place among the entire pharmaceutical Preparations. 2 Drinking water is required for the swallowing of oral dosage forms. Most of the times patient are incompliant with conventional tablets & capsules. Without water there is motion sickness & sudden episodes of coughing during the common cold, allergic conditions & bronchitis. The elderly constitute a major portion of today"s population mainly because of increased life expectancy of individuals. Dysphagia or difficulty in swallowing is common problem. 2 This problem is now overcome by Oral fast disintegrating tablets. Synonyms of fast Dissolving dosage forms are "Quick Dissolve", "Rapid Melt", "Quick Disintegrating", "Mouth Dissolving", "Orally Disintegrating", "Oro Dispersible", "Melt-in-Mouth". Advantages of Oral fast disintegrating tablet The several advantages of mouth dissolving dosage forms are 1) Orally disintegrating tablets have dosage advantages of solid as well as liquid dosage forms. 2) The primary benefit of this technology is to improve patient compliance. 3) Easy to administer for paediatric, geriatric, & hospitalized patients. 4) Ease of administration for patients, those who are not cooperative. 5) Pleasant mouth feel can be designed to leave minimal or no residue in the mouth after administration. 6) Quick dissolution & rapid absorption which provide rapid onset of action 7) No need of water to take this dosage form. www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Citation: Patel Afroza et al. Ijppr.Human, 2016; Vol. 6 (4): 689-701. 691 Limitations of Oral fast disintegrating tablets I. The tablets usually have insufficient mechanical strength. Hence, required careful handling. II. The tablets may leave unpleasant taste & grittiness in mouth III. Drugs with relatively large doses are difficult to formulate into FDTs. IV. Patients who concurrently take anti-cholinergic medications may not be the best c & i date"s for FDTs. 11 Ideal Properties of ODT  It should be compatible with taste masking & other Excipients.  It should have a pleasing mouth feel.  It should leave minimal or no residue in mouth after administration  It should be harder & less friable.  It should exhibit low sensitivity to environmental conditions.  It should have an acceptable taste masking property.  It should allow the manufacture of tablets using conventional processing & packaging equipment"s at economy cost. Model drug selection criteria for ODT  No bitter taste.  Small to moderate molecular weight.  In water & saliva good stability.  Partially non-ionized at the oral Cavities ph.  Ability to diffuse & partition into the epithelium of the upper GIT.  Ability to permeate oral mucosal tissue. 12 Unsuitable drug characteristic for ODT  Short half-life & frequent dosing.  Very bitter  Unacceptable taste. www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Citation: Patel Afroza et al. Ijppr.Human, 2016; Vol. 6 (4): 689-701. 692 Ingredients mostly used in Oral Mouth dissolving Tablets Drug should have 1. Low dose E.g. Terazosin HCl. 2. Have better availability to permeate oral mucosal tissue. 3. Less or not bitter in taste. 4. Good stability in water as well as in saliva. 5. Better solubility. E.g. Promethazine Table 1: Various excipients & their percentage in ODT Name of the excipients Percentage Used Disintegrant 1 to15% Binder Antistatic Agent 0 to 10% 5 to 10% Diluents 0 to 85% Various Evaluation tests on OFDT 1. General Appearance The general appearance of a tablet, its visual identity & overall "elegance" is essential for consumer acceptance. It includes size, shape, colour, presence or absence of an odour, taste, surface texture, physical flaws & consistency.


of simulationsto assess the mutual affects of waves and currents during the passage of theVery Severe Cyclonic Storm Hudhud. The principal results are: (1) Waves contributed0.25 m to the total water level during the event, which agrees with measurements atVisakhapatnam; (2) Current speed increased from 0.5 to 1.8 m/s for a short time duringthe event; (3) the two-way coupling increased the current magnitude by 0.25 m/salong the track; (4) The use of wave-ocean coupling increases Hs in 2 m comparedto wave model only; (5) waves decrease due to currents when they travel normal tothe coast after crossing the shelf area (right side of track) and increased on the leftside of track when currents oppose wave direction. Cyclonic systems currently poseone of the most challenging and important meteo-oceanographic phenomena for theearth science community and the study is a valuable contribution. However I havefundamental objections that I believe should be addressed before final publication.


This article discusses the world economy first, and attempts some forecast of movements in world production and trade between now and the middle of next year. Some assumption has to be made about the international political situation. We have assumed that the tension will not be heightened again and that consequently the effect on the world economy will not be substantial. If the tension were to be revived, then presumably Government expenditure on defence would rise, and there might be a burst of stock-building: the world prospect in general would be more inflationary than the one we outline below. From this world picture, and from an analysis of Britain's competitive position, a view is deduced about Britain's exports and her balance of payments up to the middle of next year. The second section discusses how much expansion there is likely to be in the home economy, on present policies, between now and the middle of next year.


The issue of detecting abnormal vibrations is addressed in this article, when little is known both on the mechanical behavior of the system, and on the characteristic patterns of potential faults. With data from a bearing test rig and from an aircraft engine, we show that when only a small learning set is available, Bayesian inference has several advantages in order to compute a model of healthy vibrations, and thus ensure fault detection. To do so, we compute the wavelet transform of many log-periodograms, and show that their probability density can be easily modelled. This allows us to compute a likelihood index when a new log-periodogram is presented, thanks to marginal likelihood approximation. A by-product of this computation is the ability to generate random log-periodograms according to the learning dataset probability density. Finally, we first detect the degradation of a bearing on a test rig; then we generate random samples of aircraft engine log-periodograms.