Abstract D-dimer tests are an essential element in the diagnostic work-up of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). However, the poor standardization amongst assays necessitates clinical validation before implementation in daily practice. We therefore evaluated the analytical and diagnostic performance of eight D-dimer tests in a representative group of 290 prospectively identified consecutive primary care patients with suspected DVT. Seven quantitative D-dimer assays, and a qualitative test, Simplify, were evaluated. Correlation between assays was generally poor and several assays showed a significant bias in the method comparison. Nevertheless, the Vidas D-dimer, Innovance D-dimer (CA1500 and BCS), Pathfast D-dimer, and HemosIL HS500 (ACL TOP), all displayed 100% (95% CI: 85–100%) sensitivity. Tina-quant (Modular), AQT90 D-dimer, and Liatest (STA®) D-dimer tests showed a slightly lower sensitivity of 95% (78–100%). and the Simplify test reached a sensitivity of 91% (72–99%) that was further improved in combination with a clinical decision rule to 95% (76–100%). In concert with the low (8.2%) prevalence of proximal DVT, diagnosed by compression ultrasonography, in our study, all test reached a negative predictive value (NPV) of at least 99%. The user friendliness of the assays differed mainly by stability of reagents, calibration frequency, time required to obtain a test result and costs of a test. In conclusion, despite considerable analytical differences, in our low-risk population all tests evaluated displayed an excellent NPV. In combination with a validated clinical decision rule to identify low-risk patients, even a straightforward POC solution could safely and cost-efficiently rule out DVT.


US-50 extends west to east in Colorado from Grand Junction to Pueblo and beyond traversing through the rugged terrain of the Central Rocky Mountains and is lined with steep natural and constructed rock slopes. A rockfall mitigation analysis and design was requested by the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) for an existing rock slope on US-50 between MP 242.2 and MP 242.6 near Coaldale in Central Colorado. The CDOT Rockfall Hazard Classification System identified a 2,100-foot long slope along US-50 in Central Colorado because of blind corners, limited rockfall catchment, high traffic volumes, and multiple objective hazards. Through discussions with CDOT, geologic mapping of the rock slope, and stability analyses, Kleinfelder provided a range of recommendations for stabilization and mitigation of rockfall hazards from the rock slope. During construction, Kleinfelder worked closely with CDOT to monitor construction and provide field engineering consultation where necessary.


Using data from a survey conducted in 1988 this study examines migration patterns in cities towns and villages and the relationship between fertility and migration in different localities. The survey included questionnaires at the community household and individual levels and covered 52 research sites encompassing 4390 houses with a total of 18725 inhabitants. 7.702 respondents defined as non-migrants permanent in-migrants temporary migrants and commuters provide the data for the study. Localities were established along 6 categories: provincial capital of over 3 million inhabitants (primate cities); cities of 100000 - 500000; large towns or county capitals (primate towns); small towns of 2000 - 5000; villages near towns; and villages away from towns. Broad trends in mobility indicate that villagers were less mobile than town and city dwellers with 86.7% of villagers being non-migrant versus 42.4% of city dwellers. Reflecting Chinas policy of encouraging small-medium town growth towns showed more inhabitant mobility than cities with the highest proportion of in-migrants living in primate towns (37.4%) and the lowest in outlying districts (9%). Permanent migration was found to be most prevalent among women and largely due to migration for marriage while temporary migration was more for the purpose of securing work and most evident among men. Permanent in-migrants has a somewhat higher fertility rate than non-migrants. No differences were noted however in provincial capital rates among the 20-29 years-old age group between temporary migrants commuters and non-migrants. No evidence was produced demonstrating that temporary mobility has a pronatalist influence.


Autonomous navigation of small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in cluttered environments is still a challenging problem. In this work, we present an approach based on graph slam and loop closure detection for online mapping of unknown outdoor environments using a small UAV. Here, we used an onboard front facing stereo camera as the primary sensor. The data extracted by the cameras are used by the graph-based slam algorithm to estimate the position and create the graph-nodes and construct the map. To avoid multiple detections of one object as different objects and to identify re-visited locations, a loop closure detection is applied with optimization algorithm using the g2o toolbox to minimize the error. Furthermore, 3D occupancy map is used to represent the environment. This technique is used to save memory and computational time for the online processing. Real experiments are conducted in outdoor cluttered and open field environments. The experiment results show that our presented approach works under real time constraints, with an average time to process the nodes of the 3D map is 17.79ms.


The QoS (Quality of Service) multicast routing satisfying the multi-constraints is one of the key technologies for transmission of the new-generation network information. Because the basic ant colony algorithm is slow and prone to congestion when solving the multi-constrained QoS routing, we propose MMR-ACO(Multi-Objective Multicast Routing based on Ant Colony Optimization), which speeds up the convergence rate of the search by adjusting pheromone dynamically, avoids congestion by the related load factors such as joining and delay, delay jitter, packet loss rate etc and satisfies the requirements of multiple QoS constraints by the successive updates of pheromone according to the constrains such as delay and delay jitter. The simulation results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper is superior to basic ant colony algorithm in the speed of the multi-constrained QoS routing and avoidance of congestion.


A CLINICAL syndrome, first described by Vaquez in 1892, characterized by persistent cyanosis, splenomegaly and polycythremia, soon led to the observation of similar cases in France, England and America. Several papers by Osler in 1903 and 1904 definitely established this blood dyscrasia as a clinical entity. In a review of the literature in 1912 Lucas(l) found 179 records of this affection; many cases of Osler-Vaquez disease have since been recognized. Polycyt1uEmia vera was defined by Parkes Weber and Bode(2) in 1929 as follows:


Testing of new coatings to control fouling frequently involves single-species laboratory bioassays. Barnacle cyprids are among the most widely used model organisms in marine biofouling research, and surfaces that inhibit their settlement are considered to be promising candidates for new coating concepts. An analysis of motility parameters (mean velocity and swimming area coefficient) and distribution of cyprids of Balanus amphitrite in different swimming regions in the vicinity of model surfaces (self-assembled monolayers) is presented. The data are correlated with the settlement preferences of cyprids on these surfaces. Cyprids were predominantly found in interfacial regions and the transition frequencies between swimming regions of different depths were determined.


This paper explores the evolution of language planning over the past fifty years. It focuses on fundamental issues in language planning,including basic concepts,typologies,objectives,historical phases,theoretical frameworks and relevant publications. This paper also discusses the future research trends of language planning. As a sub-discipline of applied linguistics,language planning isn't a theory-driven research area; the aim of language planning is to solve language problems in society. There has been a continuous and intensive research in language planning with a widened scope over the past fifty years. Since 1990s,language planning had manifested its significance and potential.


Pelvic floor disorders are caused by weakening or damage to the tissues lining the bottom of the abdominal cavity. These disorders affect nearly 1 in every 4 women in the United States and symptoms that drastically diminish a patient's quality of life. Vaginal closure force is a good measure of pelvic health, but current vaginal dynamometers were not designed for the rigors of hospital reprocessing, often failing due to sensor degradation through repeated sterilization processes. In order to obtain measurements of vaginal closure force in a large study, we designed a vaginal dynamometer that utilizes a removable intra-abdominal sensor already in production for the study. The sensor's existing data acquisition system was modified to transmit to a tablet allowing the user to view data in real-time. The new speculum design allowed a single sensor to measure vaginal closure force before being used to collect intra-abdominal pressure data in the same study visit. The measurements taken with the new speculum were similar to measurements taken with a previously reported vaginal dynamometer.


In the process of extrusion of explosive whose melt is high viscosity fluid, the quality of explosive is decided by temperature field and flow velocity, because temperature field is depend on the flow velocity and temperature of Jacket water, velocity in forming process has more impact on quality of product. The paper studies on the relationship between flow velocity and molding quality by simulate the progress that relevant a plant. The result shows that quality and velocity of flow are positively related to the square.


We study R–covered foliations of 3–manifolds from the point of view of their transverse geometry. Roughly speaking, we can classify R–covered foliations according to the extent to which leaves converge or diverge at infinity in the universal cover. There are a number of fine distinctions that one can make in the quality of this convergence or divergence, and the various qualities have precise geometric consequences for the ambient manifold M of the foliation. In particular, we are able to show that, after possibly blowing down some regions, an R covered foliation of a closed 3–manifold is uniform, is the suspension foliation of an Anosov automorphism of a torus, contains some semi–confined direction, or is ruffled. We conjecture that blown down foliations with semi–confined directions cannot occur. We further investigate the transverse geometry of general R–covered foliations and show that M̃ can be partially compactified by a canonical cylinder S univ × R on which π1(M) acts by elements of Homeo(S ) × Homeo(R), where the S factor is canonically identified with the circle at infinity of each leaf of F̃ . For atoroidal M , by studying the action of π1(M) on this universal circle, we construct a pair of genuine laminations transverse to F whose complementary regions are solid tori bounded by finitely many leaves. Using this structure, we show that some element of π1(M) must act on the leaf space of the pullback foliation to the universal cover without fixed points. Moreover, π1(M) acts on M̃ by elements of Homeo(R) × Homeo(R). A corollary of the existence of this structure is that the underlying manifold M is homotopy rigid in the sense that a self–homeomorphism homotopic to the identity is isotopic to the identity. Furthermore, we show that the product structures at infinity are rigid under deformations of the foliation F through R–covered foliations, in the sense that the representations of π1(M) in Homeo((S 1 univ)t) are all conjugate for a family parameterized by t. Finally we speculate on connections between these results and the general problem of geometrizing a 3–manifold with an R–covered foliation. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. 57M50.


In this work we have studied the separation of a mixture of the sulfonylurea herbicides (metsulfuron-methyl, chlorsulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, tribenuron, chlorimuron-ethyl) by HPTLC on silica gel F254 plates, with two different mobile phases. We also studied the effect of humidity on the separation. Bensulfuron-methyl added to tapwater at levels of 5, 10, and 20 μg kg−1 were determined after extraction by LC18 SPE. Detection limits of the method are given.


This paper mainly studies the rental selection of the company and the farmer in consideration of land loss. Among them, the leasing behavior is divided into long-term leasing and short-term leasing. Research has shown that land loss and default costs will affect whether the company and the farmer choose long-term leasing or short-term leasing. For the company, default cost is higher, the income will reduce, and then the company will choose long-term leasing mode. On the contrary, when land loss coefficient is larger, replacement land yields more, and then the company will choose a short-term leasing mode. For the farmer, when the high cost of default is paid by the company, he will choose short-term leasing. While land Loss is small, he will give priority to the long-term leasing.


In a developing country like Nigeria, there several socio-economic conditions impeding meaningful development, despite many interventions and policy strategies. However, Small and Medium Scaled Enterprises (SMEs), if fully developed have been identified as being beneficial in alleviating poverty through wealth and job creation. This sector can benefit any government that develops it to the extent that it has the capacity to grow a country's GDP, generate taxes and other revenue, as well as assist in bringing stability in the polity of a country. The corporate world can also gain from the specialised goods and services of SMEs and the healthy market competitiveness it promotes, thus giving way for a strong private driven economic sector, with entrepreneurs springing up. In Nigeria, the prevailing economic and political conditions have not given room for SMEs to thrive, as evidenced in the challenges they are currently facing in the country. Despite these challenges, SMEs are associated with immense benefits which can be harnessed to better the Nigerian economy. This forms the subject of analysis in this paper. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n7p656


To increase insight in the behaviour of non-reinforced sandwich panels with openings, experiments, finite element simulations and analytical models have been developed and compared. Analytical models have been developed to determine the global deformations of sandwich panels without cracks. These models are based on Timoshenko-beams and solutions are obtained based on closed form solutions and the matrix method. Two dimensional numerical simulations lead to stress concentration factors, which are used to obtain peak bending stresses in the faces at the corners of the opening in panels which are loaded by bending. The results of the analytical models and two dimensional numerical simulations are comparable with the results of a complete three dimensional FE model of a sandwich panel which is loaded by bending. Experiments comprise a modified Nordtest [5] that show that the chipboard, used for panel faces, does not fail but shows (safe) softening. With the help of the energy balance, the behaviour of panels with cracks can be determined.


State-of-the-art: Measuring exploration and exploitation activities of firms has been a popular topic since March's 1991 pioneering work on "Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning". Several empirical studies have confirmed that balancing exploration and exploitation can bring superior firm performance, and the interest in the topic has grown rapidly. Recent studies have used different indicators to measure these concepts at the firm level, including publication, patent and survey based indicators. An alternative indicator has been developed by Uotila (2009) using document content analysis techniques to search for March's (1991) keywords related to exploration and exploitation. This paper has drawn attention in the field. However, I argue that Uotila (2009) contains insufficient validity analysis. In an analysis mimicking the Uotila method, I show that the use of March's keywords is unlikely to lead to valid indicators that allow dintinguishing exploration and exploitation. Research Gap: The objective of this paper is to examine the validity of text based indicators on the basis of March's (1991) keywords to define exploration and exploitation activities of firms, and to provide a valid content analysis based indicator of exploration and exploitation activities. The validation of text-based indicators is an important contribution to innovation management research, as the method has broad application potential. Theoretical arguments: Uotila et al. (2009) proposed a new methodology to operationalize the exploitation and exploration concepts, namely computer-assisted coding of texts. The basic idea of this method is to perform a content analysis by using March's keywords (exploration: search, variation, risk taking, experimentation, play, flexibility, discovery, innovation; exploitation: refinement, choice, production, efficiency, selection, implementation, execution) on a set of documents that contain information on firms' business activities (e.g. press releases). Uotila et al. (2009) calculate the relative exploration orientation of firms by dividing the number of 'explorative' articles by the total number of articles of the firm using keyword counts. However, Uotila et al (2009) do not conduct extensive validity analysis. The use of personal judgment of human coders in the instruction process and a moderate Cohen Kappa ratio (0.68) also raises concerns about the measures used. The objective of the current study is to examine the validity of text-based indicators for measuring exploitation/exploration activities. Method: In order to assess the validity of a content analysis based indicator three empirical techniques have been proposed in the content analysis literature: experimental and instructional interventions, examination of group differences, and consistency with other methods (Messick, 1989). The first method cannot readily be implemented since interventions in the innovation process at the firm level are hard to observe. This study focuses on the latter two empirical validation techniques. By using factor analysis, we observe whether exploration and exploitation keywords have different distributions and load into separate factors. By comparing text based indicators with commonly-used patent-based and publication-based indicators of exploration and exploitation, we conduct a further validity test. I study more than 1 million documents on 180 firms in technology intensive industries. Results: I show that the use of content analysis using March's original keywords does not lead to valid indicators of exploration and exploitation. The two indicators do not form separate factors, and the indicators correlate negatively rather than positively with indicators based on publication and patent data. I do maintain that using content analysis on firm documents (such as press releases) can be a valid technique to measuring exploration and exploitation activities of firms. I explore a set of new keywords leading to more representative explorative and exploitative indicators that do pass the validity tests. References March, J.G. (1991). Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning, Organization Science, 2 (1), 71?87. Messick, S. (1989). Test Validity: A matter of consequence, Social Indicators Research 45 (1-3), 35-44. Uotila J., Maula M., Keil T. and Zahra S. (2009). Exploration, exploitation, and financial performance: Analysis of S&P 500 corporations. Strategic Management Journal, 30, 221-231.


In present study efforts were made to improve to study the effects of different growth regulators with different concentration on excised embryo from overnight soaked mature seeds of Chickpea. For study of Chickpea, seeds were sterilized and soaked overnight aseptically and then used for explants isolation. For both explants we use the mature Chickpea seeds. These seeds used for isolation of embryonic axis and Cotyladory Node explants. Both explants inoculated on different concentrations of growth regulators. Among those MS media fortified with 3 mg/L BAP shows maximum shoot initiation. The mature embryonic axis explants of cv. Vijay (Phule G-81-1-1) showed maximum growth and development in all types of media for all types growth conditions. The MS media fortified with 0.3 mg/L IBA as growth regulators gave better results for root formation in both types of explants and in both cultivars. In MS media without growth regulators, very poor response had occurred.


Twenty-five women who used crack during pregnancy were compared to a cohort group of non crack using women matched for age, socioeconomic status, parity, presence or absence of prenatal care and use of tobacco and alcohol. Crack exposed infants were eight times more likely to weigh less than 2.5 kg than infants of cohort mothers. There was a higher frequency of head circumference less than the tenth percentile for gestational age (p<0.025) in the study group infants, and mean gestational age in this group (37.5±3.8 weeks) was significantly lower than in the cohort infants (39.3±2.1 weeks; p=0.027). There was a higher frequency of premature rupture of membranes (p=0.046) in the crack than in the cohort group. Fifty-five percent of infants exposed to crack in-utero had abnormal neuromuscular symptoms, usually of short duration.These studies suggest that use of crack has a deleterious effect on the outcome of pregnancy, and that careful medical follow-up of these infants is necessary.


On this 35th anniversary of the founding of ComputerAided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering (CACAIE), I call attention to the foresight, management skills, kind determination, and extensive expertise of its founding and current editor, Prof. Hojjat Adeli. Through his leadership, CACAIE has thrived as an effective venue for publishing high-quality research that both contributes to fundamental knowledge and addresses important practical needswithin civil and infrastructure engineering. The process of reviewing manuscripts offers many potential benefits to the involved parties, including the authors, reviewers, and journal editor. Through the protocols and guiding principles established by Prof. Adeli, CACAIE operates to maximize these benefits. Due to clearly expressed criteria regarding the submission process and the nature of manuscript contents, submitted manuscripts have (in a sense) already cleared one review hurdle. Furthermore, Prof. Adeli often seeks preliminary revisions or clarifications from the authors prior to sending the manuscript for external review. This initial attention to relevant details helps ensure that the reviewers, who are a precious resource, receive intellectually stimulating manuscripts of original content and practical significance. As a frequent reviewer for CACAIE, I have always found this to be the case. After a manuscript is sent for review, it is common to receive in-depth comments from a large number of reviewers, several times the number of reviewers engaged by other journals. Just as remarkably, each round of external review is completed within a short time period, typically just a few weeks. All reviewers remain connected to the review process until a final decision is made (i.e., reviewers are provided the complete set of comments for each round of the review process). It is apparent the reviewers not only possess deep expertise in their respective disciplines, but they (as a group) cover the multidisciplinary breadth of the manuscript contents. Indeed, the largemajority ofmanuscripts handled byCACAIE aremultidisciplinary in nature. In that sense, the relatively large


"Far beyond deconstruction. Office Kersten Geers David Van Severen's view on architecture"
This essay discusses the architectural production of the Office Kersten Geers David Van Severen, founded in 2002, in the light of the critique of 'deconstructionist' strategies in architecture. In an analysis of the way Office uses the wall, the article demonstrates that Office does not try to escape the constructive power of architecture, but renounces any attempt to master the relationship between architecture and its environment.


OBJECTIVE
From October 1996 to March 1997, a cluster of 11 cases of neonatal sepsis caused by Enterobacter cloacae with similar antimicrobial susceptibility patterns occurred in a neonatal intensive care unit. This outbreak prompted an investigation.

METHOD
Twelve isolates obtained from 6 neonatal patients who developed E cloacae sepsis during the outbreak were analyzed. Four E cloacae isolates from 2 preterm neonates without E cloacae infection on the same ward, and 1 isolate from the hands of a nurse, were also examined. No E cloacae were isolated from the environment. Bacterial DNA digested with XbaI or NotI was analyzed with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

RESULT
Three distinct banding patterns were identified by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Of the 6 preterm infants with sepsis, strain I was identified in 1, strain II in 2, a mixed infection of strains I and II in 2, and strain III was found in only 1 infant. An isolate from the hands of a nurse was identified as strain II, as were the 4 isolates from the 2 preterm neonates without E cloacae infection. Thus, this outbreak of sepsis was caused by 2 genotypes of E cloacae.

CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates that pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with restriction enzyme digestion is a valuable tool for genetic characterization of multidrug-resistant E cloacae strains during outbreaks.


Based upon the experience gained with the present soft x‐ray data acquisition system, new techniques are being developed which make extensive use of digital signal processors (DSPs). Digital filters make 13 further frequencies available in real time from the input sampling frequency of 200 kHz. In parallel, various algorithms running on further DSPs generate triggers in response to a range of events in the plasma. The sawtooth crash can be detected, for example, with a delay of only 50 μs from the onset of the collapse. The trigger processor interacts with the digital filter boards to ensure data of the appropriate frequency is recorded throughout a plasma discharge. An independent link is used to pass 780 and 24 Hz filtered data to a network of transputers. A full tomographic inversion and display of the 24 Hz data is carried out in real time using this 15 transputer array. The 780 Hz data are stored for immediate detailed playback following the pulse. Such a system could considerably improve the quality...


By analysing the present conditions of water resources in northwestern area,this article puts forward some problems in exploitation of water resources. Based on these problems, some corresponding measures are put forward.


Scientific drilling completion method may make coal-bed methane being produced at high efficiency. The coal geologic parameters play an important role in the selection of drilling completion methods. The parameters can be classified into geometric parameters and physical parameters. The hierarchical structure of drilling completion methods is established by hierarchical analysis. the weighting of the parameters on the drilling completion selection is calculated by counting the occurrence frequency of the parameters in literatures at home and abroad. In the basis of hierarchical analysis results and field applications, the different drilling completion methods are obtained in accordance with different geological conditions. the method is applied in Jincheng, Baode block and Yushe-Miluo district, and the drilling completion methods are selected for the zones above.


Objective
To probe into cognition and behavior status of iatrogenic pollution protection in Operating Room (OR) staff, in order to prevent and control occupational hazards, protect self and environment, and achieve the goal of nosocomial infection prevention.

Methods
A total of 105 OR staff members (52 nurses and 53 surgeons) working in a level three class A hospital in Beijing were selected by questionnaire method and investigate about the classification of medical waste and professional self-protection. SPSS 12.0 was employed to analyze the results.

Results
The average score of the iatrogenic pollution preventive cognition for medical waste classification and behavior in OR staff was (78.06±13.04), with surgeons (75.45±13.47) and nurses (80.71±12.47). The difference between two groups was statistically significant (t=2.100, P<0.05). Only 18.1% OR staff members often or always wore protective equipment when staff members predicted secretion slopped and it was just 33.3% of cognition rate about hospital standard protection contents.

Conclusions
OR staff should strengthen the knowledge of self protection; targeted courses should be carried out about hospital standard protection; bad behavior should be analyzed and explored carefully and corrected; occupational safety awareness should be enhanced and unsafe behavior should be changed.

Key words:
Operating Room technician; Cognition; Behavior; Iatrogenic pollution; Self protection


The purpose of the study was to determine the knowledge and attitudes of the community about implementing health protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic in North Birobuli Village. The research method used was qualitative with a case study approach. The number of informants in the study was 12 people obtained through purposive sampling. The results showed that the predisposing factors for knowledge related to COVID-19, symptoms of COVID-19, the transmission of COVID-19, how to prevent COVID-19, and health protocols could be mentioned well by informants. However, the public still had a negative attitude towards COVID-19, who thought that COVID-19 does not exist and did not believe; in this attitude predisposing factor, the informant also explained that he was starting to feel tired of implementing health protocols. Our finding concludes that the community already has fairly good knowledge regarding health protocols during the covid 19 pandemic, and the community's attitude is showing negative attitudes related to covid and feeling tired regarding applying the health protocol.


[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the changes of the total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the serum of obese middle school students after bicycle ergometer training. [Subjects and Methods] A total of 20 middle school students who had more than 21 % body fat were recruited for this study. They were randomly assigned into one of two groups (exercise=10, control=10). The exercise group performed bicycle ergometer exercise three days per week for 40 minutes for eight weeks. Student's t-test was used to compare differences between the two groups. [Results] There was a significant decrease in TC in exercise group compared to the control. There was a significant decrease in TG in exercise group compared to the control. There was a significant increase in HDL-C and a significant decrease in LDC-C after the bicycle ergometer exercise program. [Conclusion] The results indicate that 8 weeks of bicycle exercise may improve the obesity of middle school students. Therefore, it is recommended that a physical training program is needed for youth to provide them with a healthy life.


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India's political parties, while generally drawing their organizational personnel from the middle ranks of society, have been recruiting from other strata and segments of the social structure as well. In so doing, the parties help to integrate citizens and groups into the political system. Using data from interview surveys of party activists in Bihar in 1972-1973, this article contrasts the composition and activity patterns of Jan Sangh, Congress, the Samjukta Socialist Party and the Communist party of India constituency and district units, and clarifies the several roles of party activists, during and between election campaigns.


The last decade has seen major advances in our knowledge of the clinical and biologic behavior of lymphomas of lung. These advances have in turn led to intriguing hypotheses that attempt to explain the origin of these lesions. In this chapter, the authors summarize the background and evolution of these intriguing lymphomas.


The overconfidence bias in relation to investment decisions is well documented in psychology and behavioural finance literature. Less known is that an overconfidence bias also relates to financing decisions. Managers that are overconfident of their firm's future are likely to prefer debt to equity financing. This may lead to increased probability of bankruptcy and higher costs of capital. Empirically it is difficult to measure overconfidence. In this paper we decompose a publicly available measure of industry sentiment into two components: a component common with investor confidence and a component more aligned with manager industry confidence. We find in a sample of French firms that industry confidence and investor confidence are negatively related to leverage and that the unique component of manager industry confidence is positively related to leverage. This provides some support to the theory that overconfident managers prefer debt to equity. In the sample of French firms, the investor confidence component dominates, resulting in an overall negative effect of industry confidence with leverage. This may be due to higher levels of blockholder control and/or a weaker business environment in France relative to other countries.


This paper analyses the predominance of the 'negativity' factor as the primary determinant of news coverage in the German press – Süddeutsche Zeitung, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Die Tageszeitung and Der Spiegel – of events in Latin America. Based on a sample of 3831 articles published between January 2000 and December 2014, this study finds a general concentration of negative events (43.05%) with regard to 20 Latin American countries. However, since this number does not exceed 50%, the research assumption of a conflict-oriented news reporting has to be relativised. The 'negativity' rate stands out as sectorial depending on specific countries and areas of news coverage. Considerable interest in cultural issues helps to provide a more balanced image. While Honduras, Haiti, Ecuador, the Dominican Republic and Paraguay exhibit a strong negative balance, Costa Rica, Uruguay, Chile and Cuba boast a dynamic, positive image. Brazil and Mexico account for two ambivalent cases.


The results of experiments with intracavity sum-frequency generation in a synchronously pumped Styryl-9 dye laser will be presented. An average power of 5 mW at 460 nm is generated by intracavity sum-frequency mixing of the 810 nm dye laser pulses and injected 1.06 μm pulses from a continuous wave mode-locked Nd:YAG laser. The sum frequency generation is done in a 5 mm long KTP crystal with 90° noncritical type II phase matching. The dye laser and sum-frequency tuning curves are presented. The double-pass 460 nm parametric gain is enhanced by introducing an adjustable intracavity dispersion. In parametric generation experiments outside the cavity, an 80% modulation of the double-pass sum-frequency gain is observed by using an adjustable dispersion. The reduced modulation observed intracavity is explained in terms of gain saturation and a dispersion-dependent cavity loss. The effect of the double-pass 810 nm parametric gain and loss on the pulse duration is observed, and the possibility of a parametric pulse compression and parametric mode locking is discussed.


This dissertation had as object the care of people in situation of crisis in the Network of Psychosocial Attention. Through a bibliographical review study of 21 scientific articles, we sought to identify how the health services deals with pacient crisis. Regarding to care practices, we are interested in the main difficulties and clinical tools that professionals find in the management of crisis situations. Understanding that the Psychiatric Reform is a process that is still in progress and depends fundamentally on how services are organized and articulated in order to create a network of care that can replace the Psychiatric Hospital, arises the concern of what are the main difficulties that the health services faces to provide the care of the crisis in the territory and the possible ways to overcome them, in the direction of care in freedom.


Recently, Dziewiatkowski, Bostrom and others (1) studied on the metabolism of S35 labelled sodium sulfate in vitro and in vivo. They found that, when a tracer dose of S35 as sulfate is given to an experimental animal, most of the radioactive sulfate is rapidly excreted, only a small fraction being retained in the tissues, mainly cartilage, bone and bone marrow and that most of the radioactive sulfur in these tissues are deposited as ester sulfate in chondroitinsulfuric acid.It is well known (2) that cortisone inhibits the formation of granulation tissue which has a synthetic capacity of chondroitinsulfuric acid. Layton (3) and Bostrom et al. (4) demonstrated by use of isotope tracer method that cortisone inhibited the synthesis of chondroitinsulfuric acid in embryonic and wound tissues.In our institute, it was found that placenta plasma (5), suspension of cold-stored human placenta in a normal saline solution, was remarkably efficacious to the proliferative diseases of connective tissue. It may be, therefore, inevitably necessary to investigate the effect of placenta plasma on the metabolism of chondroitinsulfuric acid in connective tissue.In this work, the authors studied on the effect of placenta plasma and cortisone on the utilization of S35 labelled sulfate by various tissues of mice and on the elimination of radioactive sulfur from their tissues. And the difference of the effect on sulfate exchange between them was investigated.


We investigated the growth of the GaN-rich side of GaNP films using metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition. The results of Auger electron spectroscopy suggest that phosphorus atoms incorporated into the film would be substituted on gallium sites rather than on nitrogen sites. Using x-ray diffraction, we have revealed that such GaNP films belong to a hexagonal system and that the relationship of the orientation between the GaNP film and its underlying GaN layer is [0001]GaNP‖[0001]GaN and [101¯0]GaNP‖[101¯0]GaN. Moreover, it was found that the lattice constants of GaNP were smaller than those of bulk GaN and there was no phase separation. We have also confirmed that the changes in these lattice constants were almost proportional to the phosphorus concentration included in the entire GaNP film thickness and that they decreased with an increase in the phosphorus concentration.


The influence of the stacking potential on the hot-carrier (HC) reliability and safe operational area (SOA) of lateral SOI-NDMOS transistors is investigated for the first time. It is shown by measurements and simulation results that a decrease in the off-state breakdown voltage due to the potential of the wafer backside of NDMOS devices does not necessarily implicate a decrease of the HC reliability while the electrical SOA can be reduced.


Because of the existing problems of Chinese engineering education,the article puts forward an information retrieval teaching mode which based on CDIO.This mode is problem-centered.Students rely on exploratory project design as the carrier.It guides the student to study independently.Finally,students could comprehensively improve information retrieval ability,information acquisition ability and information utilization ability.


* 1. Public Policy As a Concept And A Field (or Fields) of Study * 2. Does Politics Cause Policy? Does Policy Cause Politics? * 3. Who Makes Decisions? How Do They Make Decisions? Actors and Institutions * 4. Where does policy come from? The Policy Process * 5. What Should We Do? The Field of Policy Analysis. * 6. What Have We Done? Impact Analysis and Program Evaluation * 7. How Does it Work? Policy Implementation * 8. Whose values? Policy design * 9. New Directions in Policy Research * 10. Do The Policy Sciences Exist?


This article discusses how to strengthen and improve Party building work under the new situation from the following aspects:identifying the train of thought and object requirement to improve Party member training work and enhance the competence of Party member leaders;enriching and innovating Party member thematic activities of forestry enterprises; carrying out outreaching efforts with enterprise invigoration at its core and highlighting the advanced nature of Party members and setting advanced model.


The system of slave registration introduced in British colonies during the second decade of the nineteenth century formed part of the legislation aimed at improving the lot of plantation slaves. An accurate picture of movements in their numbers and the factors responsible for such movements were clearly called for and this is what registration was intended t o provide.] Probably because the system was so closely involved in the improvement of the conditions of slaves, it called for the collection of many types of data that could be used in depicting some of the main aspects of slave life.* However, only in the case of Demerara and Essequibo did the Registrar of Slaves produce tabulations based on the material collected. Here the variables used in tabulations of the population were confined to age, place of birth and, in some cases, sex. A valuable part of this report was the compilation of population distributions for plantations and districts; these were more elaborate than many similar tabulations appearing in formal censuses of British Guiana after 1844. Since the amending Act of Slave Registration passed in Demerara and Essequibo in 1820 was one of the most comprehensive of the series, it is convenient to note some of its main provisions.3 It stated, "That at the expiration of three years returns shall be delivered t o the registrar. . . containing all deductions from and additions t o the former stock of slaves, whether such deductions or additions be occasioned by birth, death or otherwise. . . . All persons in possession of slaves [had t o return] lists or schedules of same upon oath, which . . . are to contain the names, colour, age, employment, conditions and country of the slaves so returned and conspicuous bodily marks." This law also required medical certification of cause of death or , in the absence of this, "a certificate from two respectable persons." The Register established under the Act "contains in addition to the names of the Plantations or persons possessing slaves, a description of the country, birth and ages of all the slaves in each individual Return, the number of deaths of different ages during the preceding three years, distinguishing the sexes, and the African and Creole; the number of slaves between 16 and 30, distinguishing the sexes and African from the Creole; the number of those of the coloured or mixed race and those reported manumitted." Three factors made for reliable recording of the events. First, appropriate penalties for noncompliance were provided. Second, it was stipulated that the entry of the name of a slave in the register constituted proof of ownership. And third, the fact that grants were made in respect of births occurring on the plantations, in furtherance of the pronatalist policy then in vogue, should likewise tend to ensure reliable entries of "additions due t o births." A curious feature of slave registration is the omission of records of marriages. There were occasions on which the British Government requested information on marriages among slaves, despite the known legal and religious obstacles t o their


Efficient performance of outpatient laparoscopy is claimed for the Phoenix Surgicenter established in February 1970 and the first independent free-standing surgical facility devoted solely to the performace of outpatient surgical procedures. Among the first 10000 cases were diagnostic D&C (1906) inguinal herniorrhaphies (608) myringotomies (599) excision skin lesions (558) laparoscopy (143) and other operations (4686). The most frequent users of the Surgicenter are gynecologists. As compared with a hospital inpatient (without room and board) or outpatient a Surgicenter laparoscopic-tubal-coagulation patient saves 40%.


It was demonstrated that the irradiated preparations of lipids as well as lipids of the irradiated organisms have an elevated capacity for the formation of peroxide compounds. At the same time the antioxidative capacity in the liver lipids of irradiated organisms drops. The formation of primary peroxides in the irradiated lipids leads to the development of a chain oxidation reaction, which destroys the natural antioxidants and, as a result or this, a noticeable accumualtion of peroxides in the samples of fats under study. It is also shown that the degree of accumulation of free fatty acids in the fat as a result of oxidative and autolytic processes is correlated with the hemolytic activity or the fat itself. (auth)


We present here various techniques to work with clean and disordered quantum Ising chains, for the benefit of students and non-experts. Starting from the Jordan-Wigner transformation, which maps spin-1/2 systems into fermionic ones, we review some of the basic approaches to deal with the superconducting correlations that naturally emerge in this context. In particular, we analyse the form of the ground state and excitations of the model, relating them to the symmetry-breaking physics, and illustrate aspects connected to calculating dynamical quantities, thermal averages, correlation functions and entanglement entropy. A few problems provide simple applications of the techniques.


Objective To explore the concentration changes and clinical significance of fibrinogen, D dimer, t PA, and PLG in plasma in patients with acute cerebral infarction during acute, subcute and recovery stages. Methods Sixty patients with acute cerebral infarction were chosen. The concentration of D dimer and t PA in plasma was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the PLG biological activity was measuredby chromophore method. The concentration of fibrinogen was measured by Clause method. All these results were compared with 25 control subjects. Results Theconcentration of fibrinogen and D dimer was higher in patients than in normalsubjects( P 0.01)in three different stages and the increased extent was correlated with infarction volume. Moreover the concentration of fibrinogen amongthree stages was not different( P 0.05)and the concentration of D dimer was the highest during subacute stage( P 0.05). The concentration of t PAwas significantly higher in patients than in normal subjects( P 0.01),while the PLG activity was lower( P 0.01)during acute stage. Conclusion The disorder of the coagulation and fibrinolytic system exists in patients with cerebral infarction. These hematological markers have clinical significance.


Synthetic aperture acoustic (SAA) imaging is a technique for remotely obtaining information about the location, geometry, and mechanical properties of objects based on the way they scatter incident acoustic energy. Results are presented for an experimental investigation of the use of SAA imaging to detect non-metallic cords of different sizes laid in various configurations on the ground surface in an outdoor urban environment. Interest in this application of SAA stems from the fact that non-metallic cords are not readily detectable with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and that the SAA imaging approach represents a relatively inexpensive alternative or supplement to SAR. The measurement system is comprised of a mobile acoustic transceiver (a speaker and microphone) that broadcasts a burst chirp with a bandwidth of 2–15 kHz. The recorded signal is used to form a two-dimensional image of the distribution of acoustic scatterers within the scene. For this study, five different diameters (2–15mm) of nylon cord laid on the ground were imaged in different configurations. These measurements were made in the presence of urban ambient noise of varying levels. The goal of this study was to identify the effect of environmental noise and other parameters on detectability. The results demonstrate that non-metallic cords can be detected acoustically if the angle to the transceiver path is sufficiently small.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


I was born in St Petersburg in 1912. My first encounter with the Russian Secret Police occurred in 1916. The Schotte family, friends of my family and proprietors of the Grand Hotel and Hotel d'Angleterre, were interned with other German citizens at Kamyshlov in Western Siberia. They asked my mother to run the hotels for them in their absence. It is wintertime. In front of the Grand Hotel stands the uniformed doorman. Along the streets the snow is piled high like haystacks. Across the plaza in St Isaak's Cathedral it is dark despite the hundreds of candles at the altar. Our maid Nastya and I kneel there among the crowd; we bow our heads and make the sign of the cross. It is wartime, the first world war, and the crowd prays for their loved ones at the front.


Accurate positions have been measured at Parkes for 451 40 radio sources between declinations 4° and 20°. For most of the sources the r.m.s. uncertainty is ± ION arc in each coordinate. Optical identifications are suggested for 94 sources, of which 22 are galaxies and 72 are possible quasi.stellar objects.


The Australian industrial relations landscape has been shifting since Federation, but in the 20 years since the Industrial Relations Reform Act (1993) the change has been constant. Late last year the annual Ron McCallum debate asked whether it was time for the IR pendulum to swing again.


The Nankeen Night Heron (Nycticorm caledonicus) is a small (59 cm) heron, considered the Australian version of the Black-crowned Night Heron (N. nycticorm) with which it forms a superspecies (Bock 1956, cited by Hancock & Kushland 1984) of a virtually cosmopolitan distribution. It occurs from Indonesia to New Guinea and the Philippines, the south-western Pacific islands, and through Australia (Hancock & Kushlan 1984). The movements of the Nankeen Night Heron are poorly understood. In areas near regularly used breeding colonies it is probably sedentary (Marchant & Higgins 1990), but birds migrate across Bass Strait, Tasmania, and possibly to New Guinea. There is only a single long-distance banding recovery between Victoria and New Guinea (Marchant & Higgins 1990), but there are several records of the post-breeding wanderings of juveniles. This is probably how the species colonised several Pacific islands (Hancock & Kushlan 1984) and large fluctuations in the suitability of breeding areas in Australia may account for the records from New Zealand (Marchant & Higgins 1990).


The effects of liquid-liquid (L-L) phase separation on the crystallization behavior of binary syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP) and ethylene-propylene random copolymer (PEP) mixtures are examined by phase-contrast microscopy (PCM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and cloud point measurements. The PCM experiments reveal that blends of sPP and PEP exhibit a lower critical solution temperature behavior in the melt. The L-L phase diagram, constructed in terms of temperature (T) and composition by cloud point measurements, follows the prediction of the Flory-Huggins theory with the interaction parameter between sPP and PEP [X(T) = 0.01153 - 4.5738/T (K)]. When the blends are melted within the two liquid-phase (a and β) regions, because of the fact that each phase domain reaches the equilibrium concentration Φ α PEP and Φ β PEP as well as the phase volume fraction v α and v β , the crystallinity of each component obeys the equation X C,I = v α X α C,l + v β X β C,I I = PEP, sPP. Also, the equilibrium melting temperatures of both components remain constants, slightly lower than those of neat polymers. For the sPP/PEP blends crystallized from one homogeneous phase in the melt, we observe that the crystallizability of the major component is not greatly affected upon blending. However, the crystallization behavior of the minority component in the presence of the major component is strongly dependent on the crystallization temperature (T c ). When T c is high, because the decreasing degree of the minority mobility is much greater than the increasing degree of the formed nuclei, the crystallizability of the minor component is depressed significantly. On the other hand, the promotion of the minority crystallizability in the intermediate regime of T c is mainly because of the large increase of the heterogeneous nuclei upon blending with a major component.


Electrification and hybridization in non-road mobile machinery have attracted considerable attention in recent years. Normally, these green solutions concentrate on drivetrains, slowly penetrating to the implements or, as they are commonly known, working hydraulics. The primary difficulties associated with drivetrains were successfully addressed through the implementation of electric solutions and the utilization of hydraulic configurations. However, existing hydraulics solutions are typically challenged by innovative pure electromechanical solutions to perform the same work. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to illustrate the impact of replacing a conventional hydraulic topology with an electromechanical actuator (EMA) solution. This paper presents a case study of the electrification of a scissor lift, which was evaluated by simulation and experimental works from an energy perspective. The simulation study demonstrated the energy consumption and power requirements in conventional hydraulic (i.e., non-efficient in comparison with advanced systems) and EMA-based topologies for a single lifting cycle. Finally, an average of 35–50% of the consumed energy was saved, which is confirmed based on a completed simulation study case for the scissor lift application.


HDCS(SR) is composed of desiccant rotor, sensible rotor and evaporative cooler. Because each component of HDCS(SR) can be operated independently, it is possible to control humidity and temperature more flexibly with less power consumption than conventional VCCS. But recently sensible rotor is nothing yet to research for optimization on the HDCS(SR). Therefore, In this study energy consumption and performance of HDCS(HP) reviewed in case of heat pump replaced the sensible rotor. This study was approached by numerical method and simulation of HP carried out by EES to performance evaluation of HP.


Objectives : The purpose of this study was to determine new assumptive value of one Bangchonbi of Jung-Kyung fomulae. Methods : Find out the Bangchonbi that the one spoon of Jangjunggyung period, and measured use Bangchonbi. And find out the new assumptive vaule. Results : 1) The 1 Bangchonbi is 2.0mL. 2) The 1 Bangchonbi of Banhasan is 1.lg, Sayuksan is 1.0g. Orungsan is 0.8g. 3) The 1 Bangchonbi of jeoksukji power is 1.8g, munhabsan power is 2.5g. 4) The 1 Bangchonbi of moryutaeksasan is 1.0g. 5) The 1 Bangchonbi of sogonsan is 0.19g. Conclusions : According to the results mentioned above, the assumptive value of 1 Bangchonbi is 2.0mL.


The paper begins with a discussion of the concepts of homology and analogy and their relationship to each other and to the phenomenon of parallel outcomes in anzmal and human behavior. I then present a collection of arguments and pieces of evidence concerning the scientific value of a continuing investigation into para llelisms. Examples are given from technology, sexuality, social relationshtps, kin ship, and ethnocentnsm, and from an extensive case study of responses to strong population pressure in East Africa. A brief concluding section treats the question of whether humankind's unusual cognitive capacities are likely to create circumstances in which parallehsms are eradicated.


A total of twenty three Hepatitis E viruses(HEV) were detected in swine samples from Shanghai and Xinjiang areas by using reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction(RT-nPCR).The open reading frame(ORF) 2 conservation region of these viruses was amplified to be 507 bp in length and then cloned and sequenced.Phylogenetic analysis of these strains and other 47 known HEV strains was performed to determine their relatedness.The results showed that all HEV strains from Shanghai and Xinjiang belonged to the genotype IV.Twenty Shanghai strains shared 94.1%-100% homology and were closely related with Shanghai swine strain and Japan human strain.Similarly,3 Xinjiang strains shared 86.1%-98.2% homology and were close to Xinjiang swine strain and human strain.There was 82.6%-100% homology between Shanghai and Xinjiang strains,which implicated genetic differences existing among Shanghai and Xinjiang strains.


Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been viewed to play a vital role in immune regulation and treatment response shaping. EMT is associated with an invasive or metastatic phenotype in CRC and is also related to patient prognosis and treatment responsiveness. We aimed to explore an EMT gene panel with potential application in patient classification and precise treatment and assist clinicians to generate individualized immunotherapeutic strategies for CRC patients.Methods: TCGA, GEO, STRING, TRRUST, TragetScan, miRTarBase, miRDB, cBioPortal, StarBase databases were utilized in this study.Results: In this study, EMT factors were screened in three different ways(EMT factors, EMT-related pathways, EMT genotyping genes).And the prognosis-related modules were screened by the WGCNA method. Then, Cox single factor regression analysis was performed on the module hub gene, combined with multivariate Cox regression, the prognosis model was established, and the risk score of each sample was calculated. Then the samples were divided into high-risk samples and low-risk samples according to the risk score, and the differences in immune cell infiltration, mutation, CNV, clinical characteristics between high-risk and low-risk samples were compared. The risk model can effectively predict the prognosis of samples, which is verified by two external data, and it can also effectively predict the prognosis of CRC samples in the other two digestive tract cancers (liver cancer and gastric cancer) and has a good indication for the effect of chemotherapy treatment response and immunotherapy. Conclusion: The prognosis model can effectively predict the prognosis of samples and may be an effective tool for treatment guidance in CRC patients.


67 As long term treatment with oral glucocorticoids is a common practice in the management of patients with chronic respiratory diseases, strategies to decrease the burden of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis are needed. Glucocorticoid-induced bone loss results from a decrease in bone formation due to reduced intestinal calcium absorption, increased urinary calcium excretion, and reduced osteoblast formation and function. 1248 The bisphosphonates, a class of drugs structurally similar to pyrophosphate, alter the bone remodelling process. By binding to hydroxyapatite these agents structurally inhibit osteoclastic activity and prevent bone resorption. 9 This significantly increases bone mineral density in the lumbar spine and femur and decreases the rate of fracture at these sites. 10‐13 For this reason, bisphosphonates such as etidronate and alendronate have received oYcial approval for the treatment and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis in many countries. The bisphosphonates have also been studied in the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoidinduced osteoporosis. In this issue of Thorax Pitt et al shed further light on the use of etidronate for the treatment of glucocorticoidinduced osteoporosis. 14 Using a double blind, placebo controlled design, patients receiving oral glucocorticoids for at least six months were randomised to receive etidronate 400 mg daily or placebo for 14 days followed by 76 days of calcium and vitamin D supplementation.This three month cycle was repeated eight times over a two year period. In the primary measure of outcome a significant diVerence between etidronate and placebo was found in the mean percentage change from baseline in the lumbar spine after two years. Specifically, after six months there was a mean increase of 4.33% in the bone mineral density of the lumbar spine for the etidronate group which increased to 5.12% at two years. In contrast, no clinically important changes were reported in patients receiving placebo. 14


Correspondence to Dr Margo Lynn Mountjoy; mountjm@ mcmaster. ca © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Reuse permitted under CC BYNC. No commercial reuse. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. Mahatma Gandhi was an Indian lawyer who became famous for employing nonviolent measures to influence change to improve civil rights and liberties. 'Be the change you wish to see in the world' is one of Gandhi's quotes that exemplifies his approach to inspiring change in attitude and behaviour at the individual level. As sports medicine physicians, we should be motivated to action by these words while sport faces one of the most severe threats to athlete health and wellbeing; harassment and abuse. Safe sport is defined as an athletic environment that is respectful, equitable and free from any form of harassment and abuse. There are four forms of harassment and abuse in sport: psychological, physical, sexual, and neglect. Harassment and abuse occur across all sports, and at all levels, with increasing risk at the elite level, for child athletes, athletes with a disability and those who identify as LGBTQ+ ( lesbian/gay/bisexual/trans sexual/ queer+). Prominent cases of harassment and abuse worldwide have shocked sports politicians, the media and advocacy groups to action. Some of the many examples include (i) the Human Rights Watch report on the practice of Taibatsu (corporal punishment) in youth sport in Japan; (ii) Operation Hydrant (multidivisional police investigation) in British football involving 849 victims from 340 football clubs, and 300 alleged suspects; (iii) allegations of systemic sexual abuse in women's basketball in Mali, Africa and (iv) the sexual abuse of 256 gymnasts by Dr Larry Nassar in the USA. The prevalence of harassment and abuse is difficult to quantify due to severe underreporting. However, several studies have revealed alarming results that we cannot neglect. For example, a survey including 6124 youth athletes (aged 18–22 years) in Great Britain showed a prevalence of 29% for sexual harassment and 3% for sexual abuse prior to the age of 16. Another study showed that 75% of athletes experienced psychological abuse and 25% physical abuse before they turned 16 years. A retrospective survey of 4000 athletes in the Netherlands and Belgium identified that during their youth athletic career, 44% had experienced harassment and abuse (14% sexual, 11% physical, 33% psychological abuse).


Context. Planets form in circumstellar disks around pre-main-sequence stars. A key question is, how do the formation and evolution of protoplanetary disks depend on stellar mass? Studies of circumstellar disks at infrared and submillimeter wavelengths around intermediate-mass Herbig Ae/Be stars have revealed disk structures such as cavities, gaps, and spiral arms. The Herbig Ae/Be stars represent an older population of intermediate-mass pre-main-sequence stars. Since these evolve toward the main sequence on timescales comparable to those of typical disk dissipation, a full picture of disk dispersal in intermediate-mass pre-main-sequence stars must include the intermediate-mass T Tauri (IMTT) stars. Aims. We seek to find the precursors of the Herbig Ae/Be stars in the solar vicinity within 500 pc from the Sun. We do this by creating an optically selected sample of IMTT stars from the literature, here defined as stars of masses 1 . 5 M (cid:12) ≤ M ∗ ≤ 5 M (cid:12) and with a spectral type between F and K3. Methods. We used literature optical photometry (0.4–1.25 µ m) and distances determined from Gaia DR2 parallax measurements together with Kurucz stellar model spectra to place the stars in a HR diagram. We employed Siess evolutionary tracks to identify IMTT stars from the literature and derived masses and ages. We used Spitzer spectra to classify the disks around the stars into Meeus Group I and Group II disks based on their [F 30 /F 13 . 5 ] spectral index. We also examined the 10 µ m silicate dust grain emission and identified emission from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). From this, we built a qualitative picture of the disks around the IMTT stars and compared this with available spatially resolved images at infrared and submillimeter wavelengths to confirm our classification. Results. We find 49 IMTT stars with infrared excess. The identified disks are similar to the older Herbig Ae/Be stars in disk geometries and silicate dust grain population. The detection frequency of PAHs is higher than from disks around lower mass T Tauri stars but less frequent than from Herbig Ae/Be disks. Spatially resolved images at infrared and submillimeter wavelengths suggest gaps, and spirals are also present around the younger precursors to the Herbig Ae/Be stars. Conclusions. Comparing the timescale of stellar evolution toward the main sequence and current models of protoplanetary disk evolution, the similarity between Herbig Ae/Be stars and the IMTT stars points toward an evolution of Group I and Group II disks that are disconnected and represent two different evolutionary paths.


Abstract Arteriopathy is the leading cause of acute ischemic stroke in children and young adults, with intracranial arterial dissection (IAD) and transient cerebral arteriopathy (TCA) most commonly reported. The etiology and pathophysiology of childhood cerebral arteriopathies are not completely understood. The diagnosis is mainly based on clinical presentation and neuroimaging findings with considerable overlapping and discrepancy between diagnoses. We report the case of a young man who presented with an acute right basal ganglia infarct, and was found to have a focal cerebral arteriopathy of the intracranial right internal carotid artery that fluctuated clinically but resolved in four weeks with conservative management. The diagnoses of IAD and TCA were considered. We review and discuss the literature and the difficulties with the current terminology and classifications. In order to better understand the natural history and management there is a need to standardize the terminology and classifications of cerebral arteriopathies of the children and young adults.


Rene Cruz and other Hayes School string students tried their music out on their fellow classmates while preparing a program for the Parent Teacher Organization meeting. The string ensemble is made up of fifth and sixth graders.


We prove necessary and sufficient conditions for the asymptotic normality of multiple integrals with respect to a Poisson measure on a general measure space, expressed both in terms of norms of contraction kernels and of variances of carr\'e-du-champ operators. Our results substantially complete the fourth moment theorems recently obtained by D\"obler and Peccati (2018) and D\"obler, Vidotto and Zheng (2018). An important tool for achieving our goals is a novel product formula for multiple integrals under minimal conditions.


Nowadays, the microarray classification for various diseases is a challenging one. The real disadvantage of sequence of gene information is the "scourge of dimensionality issue"; this frustrates the meaningful data of dataset and, what is more, prompts computational unsteadiness. Accordingly, choosing pertinent qualities is a basic in microarray information investigation. The majority of the existing plans utilize a two‐stage form: selection of features/extraction pursued by order. In this paper, a factual test, ie, forward selection depending upon map reduce, is suggested to choose the significant highlights. Subsequently, the selection of relevant features, ie, linear‐based Support Vector Machine (SVM) using map reduce based classifier, is likewise suggested to order the microarray information. These calculations are effectively executed on Hadoop system, and relative investigation is finished utilizing different datasets.


The structure and phase transformation behavior of Ni-P,Ni-W-P electroless plating layer on aluminium alloy was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC),X-ray diffraction(XRD).The results show that the structure of as-deposited Ni-P,Ni-W-P plating layer is microcrystalline phases,and after heat-treated at 200℃for 1 hour, the Ni-P,Ni-W-P deposits is still microcrystalline phases,but the microcrystalline grow up.The Ni-P,Ni-W-P deposits after heat-treated at 300,400,525,600℃for 1 hour turns into the Ni_3P and Ni phases,without the precipitation of intermediate phases.Maximum hardness of Ni-P,Ni-W-P deposits after heat-treated at 400℃is about 840HV100 and 940HV100,respectively.


A 2.8-ha mitigation wetland was constructed in 1996 and planted in May 1997 at the Olentangy River Wetland Research Park (ORWRP) (Mitsch et al., 1998). This wetland was constructed as partial mitigation for 1.1 ha (2.88 acres) of wetland impacts detailed in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Nationwide Permit issued on 26 October 1995 for the Mid-American Waste Systems in Fairfield County. Since the initial planting, wetland vegetation has been monitored and reported annually (e.g., Mitsch et al 1998, Bouchard et al. 1999). This report represents the results of two separate vegetation surveys conducted in October 2000 and July 2002.


An investigation was conducted among the undergraduate students to explore the reform of teaching methods in higher education.The investigation results show that the mainstream of the current teaching methods is making the students passively study.The four teaching methods,class discussion,case studies,guest speakers and group work,are proposed for exploring the interactive teaching methods.The advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed.The experiences on how to successfully apply the methods to teaching are described.


Synapses are contact points where one neuron communicates with another. The morphological change of synapses under various physiological or pathological conditions has long been hypothesized to modify their functional properties. 3-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of synapses with serial ultrathin sections has contributed to the understanding of ultrastructural dimensions and compositions of synapses. The 3-D reconstruction procedures, however, require a great amount of expertise as well as include prohibitively timeconsuming processes. Here, we introduce efficient 3-D reconstruction technique using high-voltage electron microscopy (HVEM). Primarily, we established an optimal section thickness and staining condition to observe synaptic structures in detail under HVEM. The result showed that synaptic profiles were preserved at the section thickness of 250 nm without the overlapping of synaptic ultrastructures. An increase in the reaction time of en bloc staining was most efficient to enhance contrast than the extension of postembedding staining or the addition of uranyl acetate during dehydration. Then, 3-D reconstruction of parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses in the rat cerebellum was carried out with serial HVEM images and reconstruction software. The images were aligned and the contours of synapses were outlined on each section. 3-D synapses were finally extracted from the section files by grouping all the synaptic contours. The reconstructed synapse model clearly demonstrated the configuration of pre and postsynaptic components. These results suggest that 3-D reconstruction of synapses using HVEM is much efficient and suitable for massive quantitative studies on synaptic connectivity than conventional TEM approach using numerous ultrathin sections.


Aim: We aimed to evaluate outcomes of patients with interstitial fibrosis (IF) and diffuse lung parenchymal diseases admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) due to acute respiratory failure (ARF). Methods: We included patients with ARF due to IF and diffuse parenchymal lung diseases in ICU between 2008-2010 in retrospective cohort study. Patients9 demographics, APACHE II score on admission to the ICU, application of mechanical ventilation; invasive (IMV) or noninvasive (NIV), arterial blood gases values, type of feeding (oral, enteral, paranteral), length of stay (LOS) in ICU and mortality were recorded from patients9 file. Continous variables were given as median and interquartile ratio (IQR). Patients were compared according to mortality and logistic regression analysis was used for mortality risk factors. Results: In study period 44 patients (26 male) and median age was 59 (IQR, 45-73). APACHE II score was 20 (17-26), and application of NIV and IMV were 20 (%45.5), 17 (%38.6) respectively. Oral, enteral and paranteral feeding as follow: 20 (%45.5), 16 (%36.4), 8 (%18.1). LOS in ICU was 5 (2-9) days and mortality rate in ICU was%45.5 (n=20). Risk factors for mortality were found IMV aplicaton and enteral-paranteral feeding, p values Odd ratio (OR) and confidence interval%95 (CI) respectively p Conclusion: Patients with diffuse parenchymal lung diseases and IF have higher mortality in ICU if conditions with ARF prevent oral nutrition and there is need for continous mechanical ventilation. Physicians should think carefully about ICU demand for those patients.


The invention belongs to the technical field of artificial implant, in particular, to a method for designing implant prosthesis, which comprises the following steps: a) providing a reference fixture in a mouth cavity; b) scanning: scanning the inside of the mouth cavity, obtaining digital data and then storing into a computer; c) locating: obtaining digital implant prosthetic positioning and connection interfaces with the configuration of digital data; and d) adjusting and designing: adjusting digital implant prosthesis, so as to obtain the implant prosthesis suitable for a patient. The invention has the following advantages of 1. a mouth cavity solid model needs not be reproduced, production time and cost are saved, the reproduction of the distortion caused by model is avoided to obtain more accurate prosthetic implant; 2. the connection interface of the implant is more obvious, a relationship between the digital implant prostheses and the implant is more precise, the most appropriate type of the prosthetic implant is regulated, a clear relationship between the teeth on the bite information is obtained and the accuracy of dentures on bite is improved.


Introduction: fiction as fiction 1. The culture of Gothic 2. The romance of subjection: Scott's Waverley 3. The suspension of belief 4. Scott and Dickens: the work of the author 5. Scott and Dickens: the end of history Endnotes.


This article discusses how to conduct treatment planning and decision making in special needs dentistry. Special needs patients often lack cooperative ability during dental treatment and have a deteriorated oral health status. To overcome the limitation in communication with special needs patients and solve their complicated dental problems, dentists need to have extensive preoperative information about the patients and their caregivers. Treatment procedures should be organized in a patient-centered and cost-effective manner. Additionally, clinical outcomes need to be predicted taking into consideration of the patients" condition. The clinical experience of committed dentists is another factor that enhances the benefits of extensive treatment in special needs patients with many limitations. The insightful treatment decision-making of dentists will contribute to improving the oral health of special needs patients despite the various obstacles.


Objective: To examine the antagonistic effect of carvedilol on intracellular calcium overload in human atrial myocyte induced by angiotensin II(Ang II).Methods: Single human atrial myocytes were isolated, then divided into:control group, AngⅡgroup, carvedilol group and AngⅡ+carvedilol group. Confocal microscope was used with Fluo-3/AM as calcium indicator to detect changes of [Ca 2+]i immediately and 15 minutes after drug intervention respectively.Results: The intracellular fluoresence intensity of singular cardiomyocyte in the control group and carvedilol group were low. The intracellular fluoresence intensity of singular cardiomyocyte in AngⅡ group was significantly higher than that in the control group 15 minutes after intervention (P0.05); When carvedilol was added simultaneously with AngⅡ intervention,the values were much lower compared with AngⅡ group(P0.05). Conclusion:Ang Ⅱ induced intracellular calcium overload in human atrial myocyte and carvedilol can decrease [Ca 2+]i overload in human atrial myocyte induced by AngⅡ.


In this project, we explore new techniques and architectures for applying deep neural networks when the input is point cloud data. We first consider applying convolutions on regular pixel and voxel grids, using polynomials of point coordinates and Fourier transforms to get a rich feature representation for all points mapped to the same pixel or voxel. We also apply these ideas to generalize the recently proposed "interpolated convolution", by learning continuous-space kernels as a combination of polynomial and Fourier basis kernels. Experiments on the ModelNet40 dataset demonstrate that our methods have superior performance over the baselines in 3D object recognition.


In Bahrain, emancipation of Bahraini women has been coming about in response to economic requirements. Labor force growth in Bahrain has been discussed in the following excerpt taken from a recently published book, Bahrain and the Gulf.


Objective To find out the incidence of β-thalassemia among minority children aged 0-7 years in Xishuangbanna,to serve the prevention and control of the disease.Methods Haematological screening included erychrocyte fragility,and MCV.Hemonlobin electrophoresis was performed on the children with positive result in screening in Xishuangbanna.Results Among the 2 642 samples,the general incidence of β-thalassemia was 12.6%,16.5% in Mengla,8.1% in Menghai and 16.1% in Jinghong.The minority incidence of disease was different,19.8% in Han,15.8% in Jinuo,13.4% in Dai.Conclusion The incidence of β-thalassemia is very high in this area,and the obtained information about the epidemiology of the disease is significant in directing prevention and control,the marriage of local people,inheritance and population quality improvement.


The objective of this study is to analyze Hussein Chalayan's works that have been changing the concept of fashion and to discuss the meaning of transformation inherent in his works. That is, this study attempts to predict the direction of technological advance in future fashion by analyzing transformations expressed in Chalayan's fashion. As for the method and scope of research, this writing conducts both case study and content analysis using literature, Internet materials, and relevant photographs, ranging from the graduation work in 1993 when Chalayan presented his first work to collections and projects released in 2014. In order to analyze Chalayan's transformations, time was divided into three periods, from the graduation work in 1993, the year of his public debut, to 2000, from 2001 to 2010, and from 2011 and thereafter, and the characteristics of his fashion was analyzed for each period. According to the results of this study, transformations observed in Chalayan's fashion were as follows. First, deconstructive transformation was expressed, based on the philosophical idea that the traces of time are deconstructed and transformed, through the process that his Central Saint Martins graduation work 'The Tangent Flow' and his first collection 'Cartesia' were buried in the ground and degraded, and it was found in his works as their original forms were deconstructed and transformed by models' manipulation. Second, mechanical transformation was made by the power of electronic devices and visualized by light, out of Chalayan's scientific concepts and through the introduction of state?of?the?art science and technology and new materials and collaboration with engineers with technological power. Third, environmental transformation was, based on Chalayan's understanding of fashion as temporal and spatial concepts, transforming spatial environment into clothes along with the flow of time, or making clothes a part of space or a tool to cope with change in environment. Through this study, the researcher came to take high interest in various materials and techniques used in Chalayan's diverse trials of transformation. Future research will discuss technologies enabling Chalayan's transformations and their applications to works.


compared with the medical assessment. More frequent diagnoses, treatments, and transportation rates and causes that were mistriaged were studied. Results and Discussion: Calls were classed by dispatchers in the following way: 1) Code 3 = 138 (35.3%); 2) Code 2 = 208 (53.2%); and 3) Code 1 = 39 (10%). After medical assistance, we concluded that dispatcher's assessment was sensible in 96% of the Code 3 calls and 94% for Code 2 and 1 calls. But they were specific in 4% of the Code 3, 58% Code 2, and 97% Code 1 calls. Only 1.2 % of the total calls were mistriaged to a lower priority. Trauma and cardiovascular diseases were the most frequent illnesses classified as Code 3. Minor trauma , hypotension, and mild hypertensive arrests were the top three diagnosis in the Code 2 group. A total of 52 patients were transported to the hospital: 36 of the classified as Code 3 (27%), 15 as Code 2 (7%), and only one previously classed as Code 1. Trauma, cardiac arrest, cerebrovascular attack, and abdominal illnesses were the principal diagnoses in admitted patients. In spite of the classification, only 48% of runs justified emergency attention.


is being developed as a platform for ongoing research on anthropomorphic interactive robots. Gnuman is to be capable of natural interaction with humans. Its primary objective will be to provide the public with tours by leading them throughout the tour area, and responding to questions with its own voice synthesis. The platform will consist of three independently controlled wheels, spaced 120° apart. Each of the three wheel housings will be able to change the direction each wheel is facing along with controlling its speed, providing smooth omni- directional motion control. This lends to no distinctive front or back, and thus it will never need to turn in order to "face" a tourist. A simple torso will extend from the base and lead to the upper midsection which will have three articulated arms. A head with three-faces will house much of the critical electronics including multiple cameras. The multi-faced head will also aid in giving Gnuman the ability to continually face towards its object of interaction. This paper discusses the history of the Gnuman project, the present state of the project, and visions for the future development of Gnuman.


A simple, selective, linear, precise and accurate RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for rapid assay of Sirolimus in tablet dosage form. Isocratic elution at a flow rate of 1.0ml/min was employed on a symmetry C18 (250x4.6mm, 5μm in particle size) column at ambient temperature. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile : methanol 20:80 (V/V). The UV detection wavelength was 272nm and 20μl sample was injected. The retention time for Sirolimus was 2.740 min. The percentage RSD for precision and accuracy of the method was found to be less than 2%. The method was validated as per the ICH guidelines. The method developed can be applied for routine analysis of Sirolimus in tablet dosage form and in serum.


The envelope analysis is general analysis method for fault diagnosis of rolling bearings,which is able to accurately diagnose fault of inner and outer rings.Most of the envelope analyses are based on original vibration acceleration signal,which is seriously influenced by noise interference.The noise is effectively suppressed by envelop analysis of auto correlation function of original vibration signal,and the modulation characteristics of fault are highlighted.The test analysis is done for fault of a motor bearing,and the factors that influence the results of envelope analysis are analyzed.


The grinding-induced reactions of 2-aminobenzyl alcohol and benzaldehyde derivatives in the presence of 30 mol% of acetic acid to give 3,1-benzoxazines are described. The reactions were performed at room temperature affording 3,1-benzoxazines in yields above 95% and high purity when benzaldehyde and its chloro and nitro derivatives were used. KEY WORDS : 2-Aminobenzyl alcohol, Benzaldehyde, Acetic acid, 3,1-Benzoxazines Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2014 , 28(2), 301-304. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v28i2.14


We describe a new system for estimating road shape ahead of a vehicle for the purpose of driver assistance. The method utilises a single on board colour camera, together with inertial and velocity information, to estimate both the position of the host car with respect to the lane it is following and also the width and curvature of the lane ahead at distances of up to 80 metres. The system's image processing extracts a variety of different styles of lane markings from road imagery, and is able to compensate for a range of lighting conditions. Road shape and car position are estimated using a particle filter. The system, which runs at 10.5 frames per second, has been applied with some success to several hours' worth of data captured from highways under varying imaging conditions.


A difficult situation has emerged in the economy of postcommunist Georgia as a result of both the world financial crisis and the war with Russia (August 2008) and also of internal causes, including insufficient use of national resources. In order to improve socioeconomic conditions it is necessary to mobilize national resources to the utmost and activate government support for the production facilities that rely on them. At present only a small part of the rich potential that exists in Georgia's industrial and agricultural sectors is being used, while the country's foreign debt and dependence on imports are growing rapidly. At the same time, simplification of the procedure for the registration of businesses and a significant rise in their number have not found adequate reflection in productivity. The Georgian government has no real long-term program for the development of the economy. The conduct of a correct economic policy will enable Georgia to overcome the grave socioeconomic situation and attain average European levels of per capita gross domestic product, unemployment, and inflation.


An innovative approach based on a total variation (TV) version of the compressive sensing (CS) technique is proposed for the two-dimensional far field reconstruction from a limited number of measurement points. The reconstruction problem is formulated as the minimization of an augmented Lagrangian function. A set of numerical experiments results is provided to assess the potentialities and features of the proposed method.


Some flavonoids and catechines were tested for the ARTHUS phemomenon and cutaneous capillary permeability of trypan blue. It was found that flavanonol (distylin, ampeloptin, and katuranin) was the most effective (see Tables 2 and 3) and catechine was quitely unavailable (see Table 4) to the ARTHUS phenomenon as a capillary stabilizer. It seemed that for inhibitory action of the ARTHUS phenomenon it was necessory for flavonoids to possess a hydroxyl at 3-and carbonyl at 4-position, and it had nothing to do with presence or absence of glycoside on 3-position and a kind of its sugar.


: Over the years, multiple engine manufacturers have offered mechanical turbo compounding on some engine models as a means to improve the efficiency of diesel engines. In theory, converting exhaust energy which would otherwise be wasted to shaft work seems like a technical path that no manufacturer should ignore especially in today's world with the uncertainty of future CO 2 emission regulations or fuel economy standards. This paper offers an independent examination of the effectiveness of the most recent implementation of mechanical turbo compounding on the Detroit Diesel (Daimler) DD15. In order to evaluate the effectiveness, an analysis procedure was developed for computing the tradeoff between power generated by the power turbine and losses incurred due to higher exhaust back-pressure as a result of the power turbine with consideration to the requirement for some minimum exhaust pressure to drive EGR.


A device invented by a Canadian dermatologist may be able to detect early-stage melanoma using light, according to Canada's TheGlobeandMail.com.


With the development of Internet and AI related technologies, task-based dialogue system has become a research hot-spot. This paper uses the common characteristics of dialogue management and reinforcement learning in task-based dialogue system to introduce deep reinforcement learning into the process of building dialogue management model, and proposes a dialogue management model based on A3C algorithm to complete the learning task of dialogue strategy. The model is based on Actor-Critical architecture, which can dynamically improve the learning result of dialogue strategies through internal evaluation mechanism, and improve the prediction accuracy of dialogue management model. At the same time, the model is trained in a multi-threaded way, which can execute multiple sub-nets at the same time, and can effectively improve the training efficiency of the model.


Leave nothing to chance, Exam Cram 2 provides the information needed to pass Exam 70-297! Known for its concise and focused instruction on what readers need to know to pass the 70-297 exam. Includes two complete practice exams and answer keys with explanations included in the book. Not only for exam preparation -- a good reference to keep for real-world use. The famous "Cram Sheet" is perfect for last minute "cramming".The 70-297 exam is one of two exams readers have a choice of passing to earn the required core design credit for the MCSE 2003 program. This certification exam measures the ability to design a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Active Directory and network infrastructure. This Exam Cram 2 gives the reader the essential information they need to know in order to pass the 70-297 exam. This book can be used as a sole study guide for those experienced enough with Windows 2000 or it can serve as the complement guide for larger training guides, instructor-led classes, and/or CBT training.


Article History: Received 14, May, 2014 Received in revised form 25, May, 2014 Accepted 13, June, 2014 Published online 28, June, 2014 Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer among males and the fourth most common among females worldwide. investigated the serum levels of IL-10 and TNF-α in patients with colon cancer. Fifty patients with colon cancer (21 female and 29 male) with ages ranged between (20-70) years were taken from (Al-Hussain Hospital City/Kerbala, Digestive and Liver Disease /Education Hospital Medical City Baghdad and Teaching Oncology Hospital /Baghdad Medical City/ Baghdad /Iraq).Control group consisted of 20 healthy people who were free from signs and symptoms of cancer who matched in age and gender with patients, and had no history for any gastrointestinal problem.TNFα(TNF-α-EASIA Kit, DIAsource) and IL-10 (IL-10-EASIA Kit, DIAsource) were studied using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.t-test and ANOVA and Pearson correlation used to analyze results by using SPSS version 19. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.Serum CEA,Ca19-9 ,IL10 and TNFα were increased significantly (p< 0.05) in patients compared with control group,these parameters increased no significantly (p>0.05) after chemotherapy except IL-10,so increasing of CEA,Ca19-9,IL-10,and TNFα values at stage3(10.3±3),stage1 (52±9.5),stage4(49±23)stage1(148±16) respectively no significant(p>0.05) among stages, the results revealed a strong correlation (p<0.05) between TNF and CA19.While there is no significantly correlation (p<0.05) found in the studying parameters in patients who did not treatment with chemotherapy drug. Significantly correlation of CEA,Ca19-9 ,IL10 and TNFα with colon cancer, so increased no significantly (p>0.05) after chemotherapy except IL-10.


Objectives: The purpose of this study is to draw priorities for candidate projects so that future inter-Korean traditional medicine cooperation can be promoted efficiently and effectively.Methods: This study used the Delphi-AHP method to derive priorities for the inter-Korean traditional medicine cooperation project. First, 33 candidate projects were selected through a data survey. In addition, the priority importance score was calculated through a 2-round mini-Delphi survey of 20 experts. The importance of 33 candidate projects was calculated by three evaluation criteria, and the weights for these three evaluation criteria were derived through the AHP method.Results: As for the weight by item, 'feasibility' was the highest with 0.6749 points, followed by 'social ripple effect' (0.1811) and 'instrumentality' (0.1439). As a result of calculating the importance score by reflecting the weight of the evaluation criteria for each project, the South's sole project, "Understanding the Status of North Korea's Korean Medicine," was the top priority, followed by the "Establishment of Strategy for Inter-Korean Traditional Medicine and Cooperation."Conclusions: As a result of this study, experts now believe that it is important to prioritize the highly feasible South Korean independent project in the field of traditional medicine between the two Koreas. This will serve as the basis for promoting cooperative projects in the event of future changes in the inter-Korean situation.


A homologous series of nitriles, derived from phenylacetonitrile (I) [4-methyl- (II), 2-methyl-(III), 2,4-dimethyl-(IV) and 2,4,6-trimethyl- phenylacetonitrile (V)], has been synthesised in order to study the reactivity of the cyanomethylenic groups in the base catalysed condensation with carbonyl compounds.


In order to develop computer programmings skills: critical thought, problem solving, attention to detail, accuracy and abstract thinking are required. Unfortunately, many novice students at universities within South Africa have not developed such skills in their formative years. This is often due to the fact that many of them have been part of a schooling system that does not teach students how to think critically or how to solve problems. Consequently, they find it difficult to acquire these skills at a post-secondary level and they are often at risk of failing computer programming modules. Furthermore, traditional pedagogies used at post-secondary level often do not provide an opportunity for students to develop the skills needed to write programs. Such pedagogies are often teacher-centric, which do not encourage students to develop critical thinking. This paper aims to demonstrate that adopting an alternative pedagogy, namely social constructivism, can assist students in cultivating the skills needed for computer programming. The pedagogy was applied only to students who were at risk of failing a computer programming module. It encouraged a student-centred environment, where active learning, student collaboration and metacognition were promoted. The data clearly indicates that adopting such pedagogy provides an opportunity for students to improve their computer programing skills. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n14p240


Let p, q be any integer numbers greater that 1. We define the multiply-and-divide (M-D) sequence (an) for the multiplier p and divisor q recursively as follows. Begin with a1 = 1 and take an+1 equal to either ban/qc (bxc denotes floor of x, the largest integer not exceeding x) if this number is positive and has not yet occured in the sequence or pan otherwise. For instance, if p = 3 and q = 2, the corresponding M-D sequence is 1, 3, 9, 4, 2, 6, 18, 54, 27, 13, 39, 19, 57, 28, 14, 7, 21, . . . . Given p, q, the M-D problem is to determine whether every positive integer occurs exactly once in the M-D sequence. In this paper we prove that the answer is positive if and only if logq p is irrational. This condition is equivalent to p 6= q unless n = m = 0. In particular if p and q are relatively prime, every positive integer occurs exactly once in the M-D sequence. The M-D problem originated in Crux Mathematicorum, volume 26 (2000), problem 2248. Note that the 'only if' part is clear: if logq p is rational, then q = p for some relatively prime n,m > 0. Hence q = p is integer greater than 1; denote it by d. Clearly if (an) is the M-D sequence for p and q, then an = dn for some nonnegative integer kn. In particular there are positive integer numbers (such as d+ 1) which do not occur in the M-D sequence. The rest of this article is dedicated to the 'if' part of the statement.