This paper contains about the influence of  using parafin and grease on  the car ceiling for  maintenance of  the car cabin temperature when the car is parked facing the sun during the day time. When parked facing the sun, cabin temperature will rise due to heat trapped in the car. This situation is causing discomfort when the car will be used. Using PCM is one solution to solve this problem because phase change material can storage energy or absorb energy from cabin. PCM material used is parafin plus layer grease in the car ceiling. Test results proved if the parafin and grease  can function well in maintenance the car cabin temperature. In this study selected for data retrieval at 11:00-14.00 wib because temperature increase occurs in the hours.  this study  showed the cabin temperature without  grease and parafin was 50.8 o C after using grease and parafin  the temprature decreases  to  37 o C.


Since hierarchical variable size block matching and bidirectional motion compensation are used in the motion-compensated embedded zero block coding (MC-EZBC), the motion information consists of motion vector quadtree map and motion vectors. In the conventional motion coding scheme, the quadtree structure is coded directly, the motion vector modes are coded with Huffman codes, and the motion vector differences are coded by an m-ary arithmetic coder with 0-order models. In this paper we propose a new motion coding scheme which uses an extension of the CABAC algorithm and new context modeling for quadtree structure coding and mode coding. In addition, we use a new scalable motion coding method which scales the motion vector quadtrees according to the rate-distortion slope of the tree nodes. Experimental results show that the new coding scheme increases the efficiency of the motion coding by more than 25%. The performance of the system is improved accordingly, especially in low bit rates. Moreover, with the scalable motion coding, the subjective and objective coding performance is further enhanced in low bit rate scenarios.


Abstract : A study is made of two basically distinct methods normally used in the development of band models for the calculation of gaseous molecular transmittance in the infrared region. The first method consists of the determination of the 'empirical' transmittance function and the associated absorber and spectral parameters from measured or calculated transmittance spectra. The second method consists of the determination of the absorber and spectral parameters with an assumed 'analytical' transmittance function, using the same type of data. Computerized numerical techniques are presented in connection with the first method and a generalized transmittance function is adopted for the second method. Although the methodology is generally applicable to other gaseous species, it is specifically discussed in connection with the trace gases SO2, NO, NO2, and NH3. As a secondary effort a structural breakdown of the Lowtran code is presented for the purpose of incorporating the band models for the trace gases.


We describe the design of an nRERL microprocessor for ultra-low-energy applications, nRERL (nMOS Reversible Energy Recovery Logic) is a new reversible adiabatic logic circuit using only nMOS transistors, which can be operated at the leakage-current level. We focus on two main issues; first, the design of a full adiabatic microprocessor, which uses only adiabatic components for all the functional blocks, second, the energy consumption of the nRERL microprocessor including its clocked power generator (CPG). With the experimental results, the nRERL microprocessor consumed 26.22 pJ at 440 kHz.


WITH the firm establishment within the past quarter of a century of the microbic causation of most of our diseases, the identification and life history of the causal organisms have called for much study, and this study has had to consider the life history of the parasite both within and without the human body. The sick, i.e., the infected, individual, presenting distinct signs of illness, has in the past been looked upon as the all-important source and distributor of infection. He must still be recognized as of first importance in this respect, and in all transmissible diseases every reasonable precaution must be taken to check the patient from being a focus of distribution. Recent knowledge has not lightened our duties in this respect, and the study of the life history of certain micro6rgAnisms within and without the body has made plain the parts which may be played by other distributing agents, e.g., by insect carriers, and by infection originating from those individuals, apparently well, whom we now term "carriers." In certain infections it has long been recognized that the body tissues may, at least temporarily, gain the upper hand, check the propagation of the infecting microbe, and cause health to be restored. The microbes, however, are not always entirely destroyed, but some may lie latent and, later on, again find favourable conditions for propagation and a rekindling of infection. A person who has had one of the varieties of malarial fever and recovered from the attack, may years later, without fresh infection, and, indeed, very often when far removed from a malarial district, again develop an attack of malaria. The parasite has in its resting form lain latent in the body tissues, likely in the bone marrow, and has, through some as yet unknown stimulus, been stirred again into activity to resume its developmental cycle in the blood corpuscles. Again, we are all aware of the frequency with which latent (nonactive) tubercular lesions are met with in the bodies of those dying from other causes. Clinically, too, we frequently meet with tubercular infections which, so far as can be judged, we must assume to be due to the recrudescence of activity of the bacilli in some latent focus.


A manufacturing method of a liquid ejection head includes a step of performing a first exposure to form a first ejection orifice row and a step of performing a second exposure to form a second ejection orifice row in which ejection orifices are arranged in a row with ejection orifices that form the first ejection orifice row through a connection portion. In an ejection orifice row formed by the first and the second ejection orifice rows, regarding the distances between the centers of ejection orifices in an arrangement direction of the ejection orifices on opening surfaces of the ejection orifices, the ejection orifices are formed so that a distance between the centers of two ejection orifices adjacent to each other with the connection portion in between is longer than a distance between the centers of two ejection orifices adjacent to each other without the connection portion in between.


Abstract : Topics include: heat drop of radial and axial stages of a turbine; efficiency of radial centripetal and axial stages of turbines; variable guide vane apparatus; designing and manufacture of wheels; stages of axial and radial turbines with low consumption actuating medium through turbine.


Advanced bioelectronic devices, such as high-power biofuel cells (BFCs) and highly efficient biosensors, are limited by the difficulty of electron transfer between enzymes and electrodes. Previously reported methods for achieving electron transfer from enzymes to electrodes have relied on the use of complex biomolecule immobilization procedures, complicated matrix materials, or enzyme engineering, resulting in potential relative toxicity, high cost, as well as limited stability. Here, we report a facile method for the rapid preparation of a glucose oxidase (GOx) anode with direct electron transfer (DET) for glucose BFCs and biosensors. GOx is directly incorporated into pretreated carbon paper (CP) by adjusting the pH of the incubation medium during the immobilization process. Eexcellent bioelectrocatalytic activity is obtained when GOx is incorporated into CP near the pI of GOx. The electron transfer rate constant ( ) and the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant ( ) are


Brain function rapidly changes in the first two years of life. In the las decades, resting-state EEG has been widely used to explore those changes. Previous studies have focused on the relative power of the signal in canonical frequency bands (i.e., theta, alpha, beta, gamma). However, EEG power is a mixture of a 1/f-like background power (aperiodic) in combination with narrow peaks that appear over that curve (periodic activity; e.g., alpha peak). Therefore, it is possible that the relative power captures both, aperiodic and periodic bran activity, misleading actual periodic changes in infancy. For this reason, we explored the early developmental trajectory of the relative power in the canonical frequency bands from infancy to toddlerhood, and compared it to changes in periodic activity in a longitudinal study with three waves of data collection at age 6, 9 and 16 to 18 months. Finally, we analysed whether periodic activity and/or aperiodic components of the EEG contributed to explain age-changes in relative power. We found that relative power and periodic activity trajectories differed in this period in all the frequency bands but alpha, and we replicated an increment of alpha peak frequency. We found that age-changes in aperiodic parameters (exponent and offset) depend on the frequency range. More importantly, only alpha relative power was directly related to periodic activity but other frequency bands was predicted also by aperiodic components. This suggest that relative power is capturing the developmental changes of the aperiodic brain activity and, therefore, more fine-grained measures are needed.


The finite element method of solution with curved triangles to solve the three-dimensional, fully-developed Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer flow equation in channel with curved side is solved using quasi-linearization and Gauss-Seidel iteration method. Exhaustive numerical computation and numerical experimentation reveals the parameters' influence on the velocity distributions. A salient feature of the method adopted in the present paper is that it ensures that the errors are almost equally distributed among all the nodes. It is found that the irregular cross-section channel with upward concave boundary decelerates the flow. Numerical experimentation involved different order curved triangular elements and extensive computation revealed that the quintic order curved triangular element yields the desired solution to an accuracy of 10−5. The finite element method is found to be very effective in capturing boundary and inertia effects in the three-dimensional, fully-developed flow through porous media. Further, it prevails with regards to giving the required answer for vast estimations of Forchheimer number when shooting technique fails to do as such. The technique can be effortlessly utilized in some other sporadic cross-area channel.


Adolescence is often described as a "transition" period be ween childhood and adulthood.. Parents of adolescents are faced the challenge of enccaraging their adolescent offspring to achieve autonomy, while retaining a certain degree of responsibility for their actiona. This study examined how differing parental qualities such as attitudes and parenting styles relate to parental satisfaction. Subjects (N=636) were parents whose sons or daughters attended a public high school. Paren*. satisfaction, adolescent social competence, and parental qualities wLce measured using self-report scales. The results indicated that parents who reported evidence of social competence in their adolescents were also found to report high leve..s of parent satisfaction. Parents who reported themselves to be the most supportive of their adolescents were highly satisfied with parenting their adolescents. Particular styles of attempting to control the adolescents explained variance in parental satisfaction for fathers, but not for mothers. Fathers who used coercion with their adolescents were the --'st satisfied. In a similar pattern, fathers who used induction reported greater satisfaction with their adolescents. Additional studies are necessary to further refine conceptual models of the predictors of parental satisfaction with their adolescents and to consider bidirectional predictors of parental sa-isfaction. (ABL) **************************x******************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDFS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. ***********************************************************************


papers talks cover a wide range of Audio, Acoustic and Sonar processing, Image, Video, and Multimedia Processing, Communications and Networks, Remote Sensing, Sensor Array and Radar System, AI Theory and Applications, and Signal Processing of Big Data, Novel Quantum/Terahertz Technology, Biomedical Signal Processing, The Internet of Things, GNSS Signal Processing and Positioning, Joint Wireless Communication and Radar Sensing, etc.


This paper carries out a comparative analysis of the Critical Realist, Social Constructionist and Social Constructivist paradigms and investigates the impact of both on a proposed research study into an aspect of Social Housing in the UK. An overview of each philosophy is presented which describes the background and core aspects of each philosophical position. Critical Realism, Social Constructionism and Social Constructivism are assessed to show the strengths and weaknesses of each research philosophy. The impact of Critical Realist, Social Constructionist and Social Constructivist approaches on the proposed research study are shown to identify which approach would secure the outcomes that the research project was seeking to achieve. From the analysis undertaken the Critical Realist approach was selected for the research project. The paper than outlines how this philosophical approach was to be applied to the practical research project. It concludes by making recommendations about the application of a Critical Realist approach to research within social housing.


Abstract The concept that GnRH release during the prepubertal period is under tonic central inhibition is well established in primates. Although it has been reported that the makorin RING finger protein 3 (MKRN3) gene plays a role in this process (1), neuronal substrates responsible for prepubertal tonic inhibition remain unclear. A series of studies in this lab have shown that GABA neurons are consistently inhibitory to GnRH and kisspeptin neurons in female prepubertal rhesus monkeys (2, 3, 4). Because we recently found that release of GnRH, kisspeptin and NKB in prepubertal male monkeys is significantly lower than those in pubertal monkeys and the pubertal increase in release of these neuropeptides is gonadal steroid independent, in the present study, we ask the question of whether GABA neurons play a role in central inhibition of GnRH release before puberty onset in male monkeys. As described previously, a microdialysis probe was inserted into the median eminence of the hypothalamus in 4 gonadally intact prepubertal male monkeys (15.1 ± 1.9 months of age) and the effects of GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline, on release of GnRH, kisspeptin and NKB were examined. The results indicate that bicuculline at 1 µM, but not vehicle, dramatically stimulated release of GnRH, kisspeptin, and NKB in prepubertal male monkeys. Subsequently, we examined whether the bicuculline-induced release of GnRH and kisspeptin was affected by the presence of NKB antagonist, SB222200, as previously we found that NKB signaling is upstream of kisspeptin and GnRH neurons in male monkeys (5). We found that inhibition of NKB signaling attenuated the bicuculline-induced release of GnRH and kisspeptin, suggesting that NKB neurons, in part, relay inhibitory GABA signals to GnRH and kisspeptin neurons. These results are interpreted to mean that in male monkeys, inhibitory GABA signaling plays a role in central inhibition during the prepubertal period and that inhibitory GABA signaling is upstream of the NKB, kisspeptin, and GnRH neuronal pathway. How "Central GABA Inhibition" is regulated by genes involved in this process, such as MKRN3, remains to be investigated. References: (1) Abreu et al., N Engl J Med. 2013;368:2467-2475. (2) Mitsushima et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1994;91:395-399. (3) Keen et al., Endocrinology. 1999;140:5257-5266. (4) Kurian et al., Endocrinology. 2012;153:3331-3336. (5) Garcia et al., Endocrinology. 2018;159:3048-3060. Sources of Research Support: NIH R01 and T32 Grants


We present an algorithm for computing the generalized hypergeometric function with unit argument 3 F 2(1). The algorithm, based on a 3-term recursion relation, is effective for computing the analytic continuation of the function in any of its parameters. As an application, we give a new algorithm for computing the Beta function.


Key questions for pediatrics about health information privacy and release of protected health information (PHI) under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) often relate to parental rights to access the health information of their children.


Natural durable wood species are those which exhibit innate tolerance to wood decay organisms such as fungi and termites. The goal of this study was to evaluate 4 wood species ( Dalbergia sissoo, Cedrus deodara, Morus alba and Pinus roxburghii ) from Pakistan in order to determine their resistance to both a model brown ( Postia placenta ) and white ( Trametes versicolor ) rot fungus compared to a durable reference species ( Tectonis grandis ). In a 12 week soil bottle test, C. deodara and M. alba were found to be resistant to decay, D. sissoo was moderately resistant and P. roxbughii was non-resistant. This resistance was greatly reduced when blocks were leached with a series of solvents. When a non-durable species was treated with extractives from these species, decay resistance did not improve against either brown or white rot test fungi.


Entomologists are frequently confronted with the task of estimating the area of the canopy of a crop to determine the degree of interception of insecticides, pathogens, and other biological agents when the control agents are applied aerially. These data are also necessary for estimates of the shading of the soil surface when models are to be used to predict the temperatures of the soil surface and the upper subterranean strata from more easily measured parameters such as air temperature, shading, cloud cover, solar radiation, and other factors associated with the coefficient of diffusivity of soil (K. Foster, Research Associate, and R. E. Fye, unpublished data). The results of a preliminary study to determine means of estimating the canopy coverage of cotton are discussed here.


On August 17, 1999, the moment magnitude (Mw) 7.4 Kocaeli earthquake which was considered to be one of the most catastrophic events to have ravaged a highly industrialized province since the 1923 Tokyo earthquake, struck the Marmara Region of northwestern Turkey. Subsequently, on November 12, 1999 the Mw 7.2 Düzce earthquake hit the same region. Most of the collapsed and damaged structures were typically four-to-eightstory reinforced concrete buildings (RCBs). Due to the calamitous consequences of these earthquakes, Turkish Earthquake Code-2007 (TEC-07) and lastly Turkish Earthquake Code-2016 (TEC-16) draft version were accepted. One of the essential change in TEC-16 is earthquake load reduction factor, Ra and one of its parameters, overstrength factor (Ω) which depends on different factors and the most important of them is ductility (μ) that is also one of the most crucial keys to design earthquake resistant RCBs. This study mainly focuses on investigating of Ω values for three different stories (3, 6 and 9) of RCBs. Nonlinear dynamic time history analyses were performed according to TEC-16 by generating 3D finite element models (FEMs) under a set of strong ground motions. Using the output of the analyses, Ω values were calculated for each of 3D FEMs. Finally, the results obtained from the analyses were compared to TEC-16 Ω values and discussed at the end of the analyses.


Single-layer blue phosphorescence organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) with either small-molecule or polymer hosts are fabricated using solution process and the performances of devices with different hosts are investigated. The small-molecule device exhibits luminous efficiency of 14.7 cd/A and maximum power efficiency of 8.39 lm/W, which is the highest among blue phosphorescence OLEDs with single-layer solution process and small molecular hosts. Using the same solution process for all devices, comparison of light out-coupling enhancement, with brightness enhancement film (BEF), between small-molecule and polymer based OLEDs is realized. Due to different dipole orientation and anisotropic refractive index, polymer-based OLEDs would trap less light than small molecule-based OLEDs internally, about 37% better based simulation results. In spite of better electrical and spectroscopic characteristics, including ambipolar characteristics, higher carrier mobility, higher photoluminescence quantum yield, and lar...


Dielectric constants have been determined for poly(oxytetramethylene) and poly(oxydecamethylene) chains in the thermodynamically good solvent benzene. The data for the former polymer indicate that the dipole moment ratio 〈μ2〉/(Nm2), is independent of the chain length as has been predicted for chains of such structural features. The value of this ratio for α-hydro-ω-hydroxypoly(oxydecamethylene) chains is in the same range as that obtained for poly(oxyethylene), poly(oxytetramethylene) and poly(oxyhexamethylene) and is in fair agreement with that predicted by the isomeric state theory.


A reliable identification of seismic precursors requires a two-step statistical approach: a retrospective "learning" step to establish the candidate precursors on the basis of ad hoc chosen laws of the game, and a "validation" step which evaluates candidate precursors on an independent data set according to the previously established laws of the game. No published work has so far provided a sound support to the candidacy of the VAN signals as earthquake precursors. The problem is complicated by a chronic fuzziness in the text of VAN's predictions, which often allows different interpretations, and by the absence of any clear statement by VAN of the laws of the game.


This paper gives an overview of the ongoing project WIND (Wide Interoperable Networked Databases), a multidatabase management system integrating legacy databases distributed on a network in a transparent fashion. WIND provides users with a relational view over a number of local databases and SQL as the data sublanguage facility. WIND supports multiple federated schemas in the sense that users with similar information requirements are clustered around the same relational view. Operationally, there are three ways of maintaining the multidatabase: transactions (preserving ACID properties), procedures (weak ACID database applications) and event-trigger rules. At the data layer level, WIND supports a wide class of interdependent data comprising base relations, materialised views (snapshots) and replicated data.<<ETX>>


The results of studies on the production of welding wires with a diameter of 2.5 and 3.3 mm from alloy 1580 are presented. To compare the manufacturability of the processing, various methods were used to obtain billets for drawing with a diameter of 8-12 mm: the traditional method of direct hot extruding (discrete); combined rolling-extruding method; and ingotless rolling-extruding method (continuous). The developed modes of bar rolling, drawing and annealing made it possible to obtain prototypes of wire in laboratory and industrial conditions. It was found that alloy 1580 is highly manufacturable both with the traditional method of pressure treatment (extruding) and with combined rolling-extruding methods. It was revealed that the application of all methods makes it possible to obtain billets with the level of mechanical properties necessary for further multi-operation processing. Based on the results of research obtained in laboratory conditions, rational drawing modes for industrial wire production have been developed. As a result of bay drawing, pilot batches of welding wire with a diameter of 3.26 and 2.47 mm from alloy 1580 were obtained, which was successfully used for welding sheet metal.


This paper concerns the incorporation of steel fiber in reinforced concrete beams with stirrups under the combined effect of shear and moment. Then, this study is presented for the significant effect of steel fibers in improving the shear resistance of reinforced concrete beams with stirrups. The approach described in this study follows the basic concept outlined by Imam et. al. in their considerable study for shear-moment interaction of steel fiber reinforced concrete beams. Based on the present test results and earlier published studies, a method of predicting ultimate shear strength of beams and flexural strength, when reinforced with stirrups and steel fibers, is proposed. According to this equations, an analytical model was developed and published for predicting the relative flexural capacity of steel fiber reinforce concrete beams(M/M).i.e. the ratio of moment with shear interaction to pure flexural moment. The observed modes of failure for 77 test beams agree well with the predictions. Data presented in the literature are also analyzed and compared.


Open Source Software (OSS) has become the subject of much commercial and academic interest in last few years. As traditional software, OSS also evolves to fulfill the need of stakeholders. Therefore, providing quantitative metrics for OSS evolution has also become an urgent issue. However, most existing studies of software evolution have been performed on systems developed within a single company using traditional management techniques. These metrics models are inadequate to measure OSS evolution. In this paper, we describe a preliminary evolution metrics set for evaluating OSS. The most significant novelty of this model is that it takes specific properties of Open Source Community (OSC) into consideration. In another word, we measure the evolution of OSS and OSC together. We also provide a lightweight case study on Ubuntu project using this metrics set. We find out that the Open Source Community and its members also play essential role in OSS evolution. We expect this metrics model can bring better understandings and explanations of phenomena in open source development and evolution.


In addition to a variety of effects on the intermediary metabolism of the thyroid gland, and perhaps as a consequence thereof, the thyrotropic hormone of the anterior pituitary (TSH) induces thyroidal hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and hypervascularity and stimulates most, if not all, phases of iodine metabolism leading to the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone (1, 2). Decreases in thyroid cell size, blood flow, and hormone synthesis occur in the absence of TSH stimulation. For the foregoing reasons, it is generally agreed that TSH is the major regulator of thyroid structure and function. Nevertheless, there is growing evidence that the thyroid gland contains mechanisms for modifying its own function. Thus, in hypophysectomized rats, dietary iodine restriction increases thyroid uptake of I' and may enhance mean acinar cell height (3, 4). Furthermore, in hypophysectomized rats given either no TSH or constant doses of this hormone, the activity of the thyroid iodide-transport mechanism varies inversely with the glandular content of organic iodine (5-10). The effects of such autoregulatory mechanisms in the absence of TSH are relatively small; their most important role probably stems from their ability to modify the glandular response to trophic stimulation (8-10). There are, apparently, no data as to whether similar autoregulatory phenomena occur in the human thyroid. In normal subjects, as much as 2 mg of iodide can be acutely administered without appreciably changing the percentage uptake


This paper is the first one to examine empirically whether ethnic, cultural and immigrant population diversity within countries is favourable for entrepreneurship and job creation. Building on existing, yet disjointed theories on diversity, the paper provides insights as to why different types of diversity may have different effects on entrepreneurship. We test our predictions using multilevel modelling and the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor survey of over 1.5 million people across 88 countries. We find that diversity boosts the number of start-ups and new businesses. Also, businesses hire more employees in countries that have a higher population share of skilled or unskilled immigrants due to skill complementarity. However, businesses are more likely to close down in countries with higher cultural or immigration diversity, likely due to market fragmentation. Our results show that small changes in diversity lead to significant changes in the probability of business survival and job creation. These results have important policy implications for countries seeking to toughen their immigration policies. Since societies will continue to become more diverse, considering the multiple dimensions of diversity will become ever more relevant for research and policymaking.


I grew up in Japan in the 1980s, that is, on the eve of and during what we now remember as the "bubble economy," characterized by the sharp escalation of asset prices—probably the most prosperous time in the history of modern Japan. The marvelous high-speed train that we took every summer to go to my grandmother's house; the "Port Liner," the world's first driverless transit system, which connected downtown Kobe and the manmade Port Island; the gigantic Hankyū Osaka-Umeda Station's ten platforms and labyrinthine underground city; the department stores' mesmerizing variety of clothes, prepared foods, and appliances; and the electronics stores filled with gorgeous audio systems all made me somewhat aware of my country's material wealth and mature consumer culture. It was (and still is) common, in


Objective Ultrosonograpgy findings of acute appendicitis were analyzed retospectively,and to discuss the clinical value of ultrosonograpgy in diagnosis of acute appendicitis.Methods Ultrosonograpy examed the right inferier abdomin of 57 patients proved by surgery therapy and follow-up,further celiac structures were observed by means of detector pressing obvious ache spot.Results 55 out of 57 cases were diagnosed as acute appendicitis by ultrosonograpgy,and 2 cases did not find abnormal features.The accurate rate of ultrosonograpgy was 96.5%.Conclusion Ultrosonogragy has an important role in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis because of numerousadvantages.


The potential to sequester carbon by tree species in tropical regions such as Bangladesh is promising in regard to carbon sequestration (CS) potentiality and reducing CO2 emissions. This study focuses on perennial tree species within 488 hectares of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) to assess the CS and to produce a C stock map for BAU. To compute the green and dry weight, weight of C and CO2 sequestration in the tree, a simplified methodology from the National Computational Science Institute of the Shodor Education Foundation was applied. A total of 27,543 trees comprising 424 species were taken into consideration, dividing the whole study area into four segments. B. ceiba and L. acidissima received the maximum and minimum green, dry, and C weight values. The topmost five carbon stock accumulating trees are M. longifolium (264,768 kg yr−1), S. mahagoni (257,290), A. lebbeck (118,310), M. indica (78,906), and T. grandis (51,744) whilst A. lebbeck is the major C stock accumulating tree within BAU. The top five CS potential are found for B. ceiba (181 kg), A. columnaris (139 kg), S. siamea (116 kg), F. elastica (113 kg), and F. religiosa (83 kg). To reveal the prospects of tree species in Bangladesh for emission reduction, the CS potential could be incorporated with the C trading scheme of the CDM (clean development mechanism) of the Kyoto Protocol.


A case of nonfunctioning paraganglioma of the posterior mediastinum in a 20-year-old white man is pre- sented. The diagnosis of aorticosympathetic paraganglioma (Glenner-Grimley classification) was established by his- tologic examination after surgical removal of the tumor.


:
In this chapter, the use of electrospinning for the fabrication of materials for wound healing applications will be discussed. There is a definite overlap between wound healing and skin tissue regeneration, as discussed in Chapter 14. However, this chapter will concentrate on materials that can provide the optimum environment for natural healing to take place, with more emphasis on antimicrobial properties than the interaction between the cells and the materials.


Background. The prevalence of use of many psychoactive substances has changed considerably in recent years. While genetic factors impact on overall risk for substance use, we know little about whether the etiological importance of these factors differs across birth cohorts. One theory, which postulates that heritability of deviant traits increases in permissive environments, predicts a positive relationship across cohorts between prevalence and heritability of substance use. Method. The lifetime history of use of tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, sedatives and stimulants were assessed in 4826 twins from male–male and female–female pairs born in Virginia from 1934 to 1974. Using empirical methods based on prevalence by birth year, these twins were divided into three cohorts for each substance (e.g. for cannabis 1934–1953, 1954–1968 and 1969–1974). Structural equation modeling was performed using the Mx software package. Results. Prevalence rates for psychoactive substance use differed substantially across cohorts, most markedly for cocaine, sedatives and stimulants, which were highest in the 1958–1963 cohort. However, for all substances, the best-fit model constrained estimates of the etiological role of genetic and environmental risk factors to be equal across both sex and cohort. Conclusions. We found no evidence in this sample for any systematic relationship between heritability and prevalence of psychoactive substance use – which should be a rough index of drug availability and/or acceptability. This sample had reasonable power to detect large changes in heritability across cohorts and at least moderate power to detect relatively small changes.


Economic growth in Ethiopia, particularly in developing regions, would follow fair income distributions and lower inequality that cannot affect social welfare. In line with the adopted pro-poor fiscal policies since 1995-96, the study looked at how price, tax reforms, and income growth affected social welfare. The study used survey data from the Ethiopian Central Statistical Agency by applying the Atkinson-Gini Index to estimate the level of inequality and social welfare of vulnerable groups. From the analysis, Ethiopia's economic growth was inflationary growth dominate. Price rises increased inequality and reduced consumption than tax reform. The findings invalidated the aim of income growth to mitigate the inflationary impact on welfare increase. Finally, the study found that providing social welfare support to these groups did not increase their ability to withstand the risks of declining welfare. Thus, the study recommends that income redistribution measures aided by pro-poor policies be implemented with caution.

Keywords: Inequality, risk aversion, social welfare, vulnerable social groups
JEL Codes: D11, D63, D81.


How well do our lead editorials in CMAJ reflect the opinions and sentiments of Canadian physicians? Judging from the feedback we receive, sometimes well, sometimes poorly — assuming that medicine can be fairly represented by any one, cohesive view. Is it our job to represent the filtered view of


The control valve for hydraulic power steering comprises, inside a housing (2), a pinion (3) and a rotor (4) mounted along the same axis (1), and linked by a torsion bar (12) and a rotating sleeve (5) surrounding the rotor (4) and cooperating with a drive pin (11) integral with the pinion (3). The latter is guided in rotation in the housing (2) by two bearings (7, 8) while the rotor (4) is guided in rotation in the housing (2) by a bearing (9) and the pinion ( 3) by a bearing (10). At the level of this bearing (10), the connection between the rotor (4) and the pinion (3) is designed as a connection type "ball" (14), so as to allow a misalignment of the rotor (4) relative the pinion (3). The noise resulting from the impact between the liner (5) and the drive pin (11) is thus avoided.


Current search engines obtain their search results largely based on keyword matching methods, and rarely return search results based on the web site comprehensibility. Moreover search mechanisms perform the matching at the level of individual web pages, and do not account for the related hypertext information presented on the website. To answer those two challenges that current search engines have, we propose a website-level comprehensibility model. This model aims to automatically compute the comprehensibility score of a site from webpage-level quantitative features. An empirical study indicates the accuracy rate to predict a comprehensibility score of a site is 64% using our model. Our work can be potentially applied to provide an additional search criterion to the existing web search practices for the purpose of learning. Additionally the automatic calculation of comprehensibility scores may improve the ability of a learner to select appropriate websites from a list of search results to best service their self-directed learning objectives.


Land surface models (LSMs) rely on vegetation parameters for use in hydrological and energy balance analysis, monitoring and forecasting. This study examines the influence that vegetation representation in the Noah-Multiparameterization (Noah-MP) LSM has on hydrological simulations across the diverse climate zones of western tropical South America (WTSA), with specific consideration of hydrological variability associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The influence of model representation of vegetation on simulated hydrology is evaluated through three simulation experiments that use: (1) satellite-derived constant MODIS; (2) satellite-derived time-varying MODIS; (3) the Noah-MP dynamic leaf model. We find substantial differences in vegetation fields between these simulations, with the Noah-MP dynamic leaf model diverging significantly from satellite-derived vegetation fields in many ecoregions. Impacts on simulated hydrology were, however, found to be modest across climate zones, except for select extreme events. Also, although impacts on hydrology under ENSO-induced variability were small, we find that the Noah-MP dynamic leaf model simulates a positive relationship between rainfall and vegetation in humid ecoregions of WTSA, where satellite observations may indicate the opposite. The relatively small sensitivity of simulated hydrology to vegetation scheme suggests that the performance of hydrological monitoring and forecasting in WTSA that use Noah-MP is largely unaffected by the choice of vegetation scheme, such that using a simple climatological default is generally no worse than adopting more complicated options. The presence of some differences between the time-varying and constant MODIS simulations for hydrologic extremes, however, indicates that time-varying MODIS configuration might be more suitable for hydrological hazards applications.


The year 2016 will be marked as a year in which identity politics reached new levels of significance. Among numerous dramatic events, the UK referendum on membership of the European Union has brought many issues of interest to archaeologists to the fore. These range from entirely contemporary concerns, such as the future of research funding in Britain, to topics of more longitudinal significance, including the interactions between different identity groups in particular economic and political circumstances. In this paper, I wish to explore aspects of the distinctive position of Britain as an illustration of identity dynamics in the long term, focussing on the relationship between imperialism and identities and viewed through the lens of recent work in Border Studies. Brexit can be seen as the culmination of the collapse of the British empire, and transformation of British identity, in the post-Second World War era and the particular dynamics of this process invite comparison with Britain's earlier position as one of the frontier provinces of the Roman empire, especially in the 4th and 5th centuries AD. This comparison reveals two paradoxical dimensions of imperial identities, the first being that so-called 'peripheries' can be more important than 'cores' in the creation of imperial identities and the second that such identities can be simultaneously ideologically powerful yet practically fragile in the circumstances which follow imperial collapse. Such insights are important because, at a time of apparently resurgent nationalism in many countries, archaeologists need to work harder than ever to understand identity dynamics with the benefit of time depth.


In this article was considered genre specifics and motives of the novel "Bieguni" ("Flights") by polish writer Olga Tokarczuk. On the example of the novel was determined the main genre specifics of postmodern novel-travelogue, where was raised the main issues of present days – life and death, physical and spiritual, workaday and philosophical. "Bieguni" is the novel about modern people, which looking for their goal, situated in a constantly movement just not to come to the Antichrist`s hands. The airports and hotels aren`t only a shelter, it`s a real home, what underline motive of travel in the novel. Representing home in a different ways, the writer consider the human body as a shelter for two components – spiritual and material. The body that was created by God is physical "home" for self-awareness. Herewith the writer doesn`t reject physiological theory of body beginning and consider it as a product of completing, finishing and the signification of human`s death. Address to Biblical, religious, mythological, bibliographic and oniric motives again and again underline anti-utopy world with his own canons and decrees, what doesn`t submit to logical, grounded explanation, but have philosophical elucidation. "Bieguni" it`s a binding of stories, feelings and laws. The main characters of the composition are different aged, nationality and different time period people, but united by just one important thing – searching of sense of life, that is different for everyone of them. Variety of characters, story of everyone`s life, text`s fragmentation give to the reader experience of personal meeting with every literature character. The hidden drama, that attendanted in everyone of them create the aureole of mystique, mysteriousness and feeling of temporarily proximity, that`s the main feeling of traveler. The leitmotif of the novel unite fragments into the one full picture, where we can see the main thesis of the novel: "Movement is a life, life is a travel", because at the travel we can see a human`s wish to find the salvation out of routine problems, social duties and conditionalities. Characteristic for the novel using of philosophical and Biblical motives and also application to the history and author`s experience are non-textual survey of art of Olga Tokarczuk and her own morally-pscychological skills.


Acknowledgements List of Illustrations List of Appendices Introduction Chapter 1: Policing the Media: Intimidation, Secrecy and Censorship Chapter 2: The Development of Propaganda Strategies Chapter 3: Public Relations as a Propaganda Tactic Chapter 4: From 'Terrorists' to 'Freedom Fighters' International Coverage of Northern Ireland Chapter 5: Misinformation and Public Belief: The Case of Gibraltar Chapter 6: Conclusion: Winning the Information Battle Appendices References


The identification of a protein that can generate a two-hit immune response that leads to gray and white matter damage is now seen as a potent model of multiple sclerosis (MS). It has long been thought that MS in humans is the result of damage to the white matter fibers of the CNS based on insights from the classic animal model — experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EA) that approximates the symptoms of human MS and has allowed scientists to test theories about the autoimmune disease and experimental treatments. In the EAE model, the inflammation is restricted to the white matter. The EAE animal model has clearly helped elucidate molecular mechanisms in CNS tissue injury, but the growing evidence suggests that a big part of the MS puzzle is missing. There is growing support for abundant gray matter pathology as well, according to a report published last spring in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences An National Football League (NFL)-commissioned survey of former professional football players — conducted by investigators at the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan — found that those under 50 were almost 20 times more likely to report memory problems than would be expected in the general population. The survey was released in October and made headlines in the sports pages of most major papers, raising the question: Would the NFL then agree to compensate its players for medical problems related to memory loss? The issue is far from resolved, and according to experts in sports neurology, the associated link between head injury and memory loss requires further (and more well-designed prospective) studies. While the NFL study was not designed to determine a causal link between repeated blows to the head and dementia ®


Whole genome sequencing has become a wide-spread diagnostic tool for rare diseases patients. This broadens analyses to non-coding regions of the genome showing strong evidence of clinical significance for human Mendelian diseases. Notwithstanding its importance, current in-silico prediction tools are restricted to coding sequences which limits its applicability. Additionally, lack of power in discriminating variants of uncertain significance (VUS) limits its clinical utility. Here we present PANCO, a genome-wide pathogenicity prediction tool aiming at reclassification of VUS with a rigorous imputation workflow adapted for non-coding variants. PANCO integrates functional, evolutionary and population frequency information to capture emerging biological signals correctly reclassifying VUS. Importantly, PANCO shows remarkable power in an external validation set, on VUS (AUROC=0.99 and AUROC=0.89, respectively).


would be: social ecology is the study of the form, distribution and organization of people in physical and social space. Planners are familiar with the ideas of such social ecologists as Louis Wirth, Ernest Burgess and Robert Park, who reported on the ecology of the American city from the University of Chicago during the 1920's and 1930's. With the work of the early social ecologists as a foundation, city planners have attempted to cure social ills by manipulating the spatial and physical variables of size, density and heterogeneity. They have met frequent frustration in these efforts. More recently, social ecologists have developed a more complicated understanding of the ecology of cities than those propounded by the early Chicago school. An understanding of these new ecological ideas should help city planners be more effective.


Authentication and copyright protection for digital contents over the Internet can be achieved through digital watermarking. The major components of the Internet are textual contents. Hence protection of plain text documents requires more attention. In this paper, we propose an invisible watermarking algorithm based on the occurrence of non-vowel ASCII characters that uses combined image and text watermark for protection of the text document. The watermark is logically embedded in the text and a watermark key is generated. Later the watermark is extracted to prove the identity. The experiments show that the new method is efficient as well as effective for protecting text documents. KeywordsDigital watermarking; authentication; watermark embedding and extraction; copyright protection


The Brazilian prison situation concerning gender issues and the violation of human rights manifests itself as an important issue to be investigated and discussed, especially with the purpose of knowing the experience lived by the subjects who suffer this type of institutional and social violence. Thereby, this research aimed to understand the meanings attributed by women to prison visits made at the Prisional Unity Desembargador Flósculo da Nóbrega (Róger), in João Pessoa-PB. To achieve the objectives of the study, a qualitative research was developed through six semi-structured interviews guided by the following questions: the motivation to visit and the feelings during and after the visit, in addition to the description of how they occur. Through phenomenological reduction, the following aspects were identified in the participants' statements: affective bond; care as a female responsibility; distress in the preparation for the visit; experiences in the prison body search and penalty extension. Thus, it was possible to observe how the feeling of affection for the inmates influences the meaning that the visits have for the participating women. The dimension of care as a female responsibility could be observed in the statements of care for the inmate's health, and the feeling of responsibility for visiting. The prison body search revealed itself as the main trigger for negative feelings regarding the methods of searching, prison officers and the prison system. Visits to prison were proven to be difficult and uncomfortable, with some aspects of human rights violations. However, they proved to be necessary due to the bonds with the convict and to the sexist gender roles that attribute to women the role of caring. The results presented converge and corroborate with other studies developed on the prison system, and, at the same time, bring new elements regarding the experiences of women in their visits to prison.


Economics has been persistently criticized for its heavy reliance on unrealistic assumptions. Some people reply to this criticism by saying that the unrealistic assumptions of economics result from abstraction from unimportant details, and abstraction is necessary for knowledge of a complex real world. So, far from unrealistic assumptions detracting from the epistemic worth of economics, such assumptions are essential for economic knowledge. I call this line of argument 'the Abstractionist Defense'. After clarifying abstraction, unrealistic assumptions and kindred notions, I show that the Abstractionist Defense does not successfully rebut the position of those who criticize economics for its unrealistic assumptions.


Discloses constructed from more than one contact person. Who represents the data structure is created. The data structure includes a human subject. The person object includes one or more contact objects. When it is determined that the person is a global address list of contacts, the first contact person and stored information obtained from the global address list stored in the first contact object. When it is determined that the person is an email contact, second contact and obtain information stored in the first cache memory from the contact store. When it is determined second contact identifier information comprises a global address, global address identifier is stored in the second contact object. That person identifies a person who created identifier. The person identifier is stored in the first and second contact object contacts the object.


As one of its major themes, geography has focused on regional studies on the basis of the nation-state system, a pro-duct of modern European philosophy. This methodology does not create objects of study at the macro level beyond nations, but tends rather to be pushed into its objects at a fractionalized, institutionalized micro level.This methodology of geography critically studies the fact that regional disputes throughout the world, problems arising from differences or oppositions regarding the geographic space of power politics symbolized by borders and existential space based on individuals' identity, have never been solved.Taking the example of the Xi-shang Pan-na Thai A. C. in Yunnan in China, which continues to exist the borders established by power politics, this book attempts to study this problem on the basis of the meaning of existential space in Thai minorities. The objective, physical space which geography studies as its objects are in fact institutional and ideological aspects of reality.It is concluded that it is necessary for geography to develop a methodology which, while aiming at spatial science, establishes a system whereby various circumstances within the space it studies can be analyzed and described through the process of power politics.


The Central Compilation and Translation Bureau (CCTB), a key research organ of the Chinese Communist Party, has received little attention from scholars inside or outside of China. Originally an authoritative translation house for classical Marxist works, in recent years CCTB has gained more prominence as a policy think tank. Among its leaders are well-known advocates for political reforms and democracy. This article examines the institutional evolution of CCTB. It will discuss what factors are involved in how CCTB has evolved, including the role of its leadership and the changing political context in China; and it will examine how CCTB reconciles its seemingly contradictory roles of being a Marxist translation house and a pro-reform think tank.


Significance Phosphatidylinositol polyphosphates (PIPs) are transiently generated at specific membrane subdomains. Changes of PIP levels regulate the trafficking of vesicles and the activity of membrane transport proteins. To directly visualize the intracellular dynamics of phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2], a key phosphoinositide in the endosome and lysosome, we have engineered a PI(3,5)P2 probe by fusing fluorescent proteins directly to the lipid-binding domain of TRPML1, a lysosomal ion channel that is potently and specifically activated by PI(3,5)P2. This PI(3,5)P2 probe binds to PI(3,5)P2 with biochemical specificity in vitro and responds quickly to changes in the intracellular PI(3,5)P2 level in living cells. With this biosensor, rapid changes of PI(3,5)P2 on single vesicle membranes are captured prior to membrane fusion of two vesicles. Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2] is a low-abundance phosphoinositide presumed to be localized to endosomes and lysosomes, where it recruits cytoplasmic peripheral proteins and regulates endolysosome-localized membrane channel activity. Cells lacking PI(3,5)P2 exhibit lysosomal trafficking defects, and human mutations in the PI(3,5)P2-metabolizing enzymes cause lysosome-related diseases. The spatial and temporal dynamics of PI(3,5)P2, however, remain unclear due to the lack of a reliable detection method. Of the seven known phosphoinositides, only PI(3,5)P2 binds, in the low nanomolar range, to a cytoplasmic phosphoinositide-interacting domain (ML1N) to activate late endosome and lysosome (LEL)-localized transient receptor potential Mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) channels. Here, we report the generation and characterization of a PI(3,5)P2-specific probe, generated by the fusion of fluorescence tags to the tandem repeats of ML1N. The probe was mainly localized to the membranes of Lamp1-positive compartments, and the localization pattern was dynamically altered by either mutations in the probe, or by genetically or pharmacologically manipulating the cellular levels of PI(3,5)P2. Through the use of time-lapse live-cell imaging, we found that the localization of the PI(3,5)P2 probe was regulated by serum withdrawal/addition, undergoing rapid changes immediately before membrane fusion of two LELs. Our development of a PI(3,5)P2-specific probe may facilitate studies of both intracellular signal transduction and membrane trafficking in the endosomes and lysosomes.


Wide bandwidth InGaAs/InP transimpedance optical receivers have been fabricated on 2" diameter InP substrates. Single channel receivers exhibited -3dB bandwidths of 2.2 to 2.5 GHz and an inferred optical sensitivity of -24 dBm at 4 Gbit/s for 10-9 BER. Balanced dual-detector receivers for coherent systems application showed a bandwidth of 2.3 GHz and average noise current of less than 16.8 pA/ÖHz. Common-mode signal rejection of better than 30 dB has been measured.


Local anesthesia for lipoma excision can be feasible with anesthetic injection in the fascial plane between the lipoma and the surrounding soft tissues under real‐time ultrasonography [ultrasound‐ guided lipoma plane (ULP) block]. The advantage of targeting a single anesthetic injection plane under ultrasound guidance may allow for technically easier block placement and long‐term analgesic effects.


The Cu-based bulk metallic glass was prepared by means suspend melting-copper mold suction casting,and the structure and thermal properties of the ternary alloy Cu_(50)Zr_(42)Al_8 rod of 5.0 mm in diameter was investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),respectively.The results showed that the structure of the rod was composed of amorphous phase,the glass transition temperature T_g and crystallization temperature T_x of the bulk metallic glass Cu_(50)Zr_(42)Al_8 was 730 K and 778 K,respectively,the temperature interval of the supercooled liquid region ΔT was 48 K,and the critical cooling rate R_c was 25.5 K/s,meaning that the alloy had higher glass-forming ability and the method of suspend melting-copper mold suction casting is a suitable method for preparing bulk metallic glass.


Immature teeth with necrotic pulp and large periapical lesions are difficult to treat using conventional endodontic therapy. Materials such as mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) are indispensable. However, disinfection is still problematic and alternatives such as ozone are under consideration. This case report demonstrates successful healing after singlevisit apexification using MTA following ozone disinfection.


Feasibility of Topological Metawaveguides supporting helical propagation in the microwave range has been recently proven. The advantages of unidirectional propagation supported by such waveguides however can only be exploited in real devices if topological modes are endowed with the capability to interact within themselves as well as with trivial modes. Here we show a modal launcher to interface a topological metawaveguide with conventional circular waveguides with negligible reflection and we exploit the properties of coupled topological modes to show a proof of concept of a topological contra-directional coupler.


Silver- BaCe0.5Zr0.3Y0.16Zn0.04O3� d (Ag/BCZYZ) composites were investigated due to their potential application as hydrogen separation membranes, with emphasis on their fabrication and characterization. A precursor powder of BCZYZ was prepared via a wet chemical route and characterized by XRD, SEM and dilatometry. The precursor powder was coated with silver using Tollens reaction and then sintered under a variety of conditions. It was possible to obtain dense samples with a low level of non-percolating silver (2 vol%). Silver was present even if sintered at 1300 � C as it remained trapped in the ceramic matrix. The overall conductivity of a dense sample with 2 vol% of silver increased when compared to pure BCZYZ, and in particular the grain boundary resistance decreased considerably. A measurement of the open circuit voltage in fuel cell mode indicates the presence of mixed electronic-protonic conductivity in the composite. Copyright © 2015, The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://


Purpose: To determine the possible biological effects of differently polarised microwave radiation on the chromatin state in human cells. Materials and methods: Isolated human buccal epithelium cells were irradiated by microwaves of frequency f = 35 GHz and surface power density E = 30 μW/cm2. The state of chromatin in human cells was determined by methods of light and electron microscopy. The state of cell membranes was evaluated by the method of vital indigo carmine staining. Results: The microwave-induced condensation of chromatin in human cells is revealed. Degree of microwave-induced condensation depends on the state of polarisation of electromagnetic wave: In some cases left circularly polarised waves induce less effect than linearly polarised radiation. The linearly polarised electromagnetic waves induce cell membrane damage revealed by increase of cell staining. The data obtained are discussed in connection with mechanisms of biological effects of electromagnetic fields. Conclusion: The data obtained in this work demonstrate important biological effects of monochromatic microwave irradiation at 35 GHz. Low-level microwave irradiation induces chromatin condensation in human cells and damages of cell membranes.


The large deformation mechanics of biaxial engineering fabrics are of considerable interest due to the importance of sheet forming processes for the manufacture of advanced composite products and structures. The success or failure in forming a given geometry and the properties of the final composite component are in large part determined by the material's forming mechanics and consequently, a significant amount of time and effort has been devoted to characterising and modelling this behaviour.


U.S. Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) has developed CHECWORKS program and applied it to power plant piping lines since some lines were ruptured by flow-accelerated corrosion (FAC) in 1978. Nowadays the CHECWORKS program has been used to manage pipe wall thinning phenomena caused by FAC. However, various erosion mechanisms can occur in carbon-steel piping. Most common forms of erosion are cavitation, flashing, liquid droplet impingement erosion (LDIE), and Solid Particle Erosion (SPE). Those erosion mechanisms cause pipe wall thinning, leaking, rupturing, and even result in unplanned shutdowns of utilities. Especially, in two phase condition, LDIE damages a wide scope of plant pipelines. Furthermore, LDIE is the major culprit to cause such as power runback by pipe leaking. This paper describes the methodologies that manage wall thinning and also predict LDIE wall thinning area. For this study, current properties of two-phase condition are investigated and LDIE areas are selected. The areas are checked by B-Scan method to detect the effect of wall thinning phenomena.


Abstract Nicotinic acid (C 6 H 5 NO 2 ), also known as vitamin B3 or niacin, can be produced from 3-picoline by direct oxidation with air and water vapour at high temperature. For safe handling of combustible or flammable substances, it is imperative to have an understanding of their safety-related flammability characteristic parameters. In this paper, 3-picoline/water mixtures ratios were varied over a wide range (5, 10, 30 and 100 vol%). These were studied in a 20-l-apparatus under initial conditions of 760, 1520 mmHg, 270, together with various oxygen concentrations based on realistic conditions. The water vapour dilution effects on the explosion limits, maximum explosion pressure, vapour deflagration index and minimum oxygen concentration were explored; a triangular flammability diagram was also established. These results will be very helpful for developing a safer design and operation process.


This paper introduces a famous son of ZAHNG Jing-sheng Chinese Professor ZHANG Hai-feng,director of clinical necrosis,epilepsy,hepatitis B and other diseases through the right quite a bit to TCM syndrome differentiation of treatment effects.Described three cases of this disease are poor efficacy of treatment by Western medicine and subsequently by the TCM syndrome differentiation achieved good results.Such as:the treatment method used in cases of gangrene are:Qi Qingrejiedu blood stasis accompanied by pus myogenic,herbs to Simiao An Decoction.The patients with epilepsy is complicated by postoperative edema glioma epilepsy,therapy is:qi and phlegm Qing Dan and stomach fails to grasp Dingxian,herbs to taste Wendan Tonga.Hepatitis B is the more difficult to treat a disease,in this case by the Differential Treatment of hepatitis B to liver qi stagnation and spleen for the law,prescription to Chaishao Liujunzi Decoction.


Listeriamonocytogenes is a Gram-positive cocobacillus that has been isolated from soil, water, vegetables, raw milk, meat and meat byproducts. This micro-organism has been considered an important problem of public health especially in immudepressed and elderly people, children and pregnant women. Previous studies made in Colombia have demonstrated the presence of the micro-organism in milk and crude cheeses, as well as in milk cow conglomerates and Holstein carcasses. With the purpose of continuing the studies related to the epidemiology of the disease and its importance in public health, the actual work was made to determine the presence of L.monocytogenes in carcases of Cebu cattle, in a slaughterhouse of the Savannah of Bogota (Colombia). Of a population of 1600 animals slaug-htered in a period of two months, 120 were examined. The samples were taken of four different points (hip, skirt, chest and neck), obtaining ten (8.33%) carcases contaminated with L.monocytogenes, demonstrating the high risk of the consumption of contaminated meat for the population. To prevent contamination with L.monocytogenes of carcasses destined to human con-sumption, it is necessary to establish Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) plans at farm level for animals bred for slaughter and, previous to and during the process of sacrifice.


Synthetic aperture imaging can be achieved either in the time domain or in the frequency domain. These two approaches are compared in terms of spatial resolution, mathematical formalism and implementation. The application of Fourier-based imaging to synthetic aperture sonar is suggested. The whole processing is then performed in the frequency domain. The authors show that target detection is improved with that approach.


According to the National List of Essential Medicines of Thailand, the Thunbergia laurifolia (TL) tea is categorized as antipyretic and detoxifying herbal medicine. This tea has also been used for the treatment of drug addiction and smoking cessation. However, suggested infusion conditions were varied which may result in variations in extracted active contents and bioactivities. In this study, the infusion condition that maximized extraction of caffeic acid (CA) and rosmarinic acid (RA), the major markers of TL tea, was assessed by using response surface methodology (RSM). The contents of markers were analyzed by a validated high-performance liquid chromatographic method. To evaluate the extraction efficiency, the marker contents obtained by preparing the tea under the optimal condition were compared to those obtained by aqueous extraction process. The results demonstrated that the marker contents varied considerably according to infusion variables; time, temperature and volume (150 - 250 mL). By using RSM, it was successfully found that the optimal condition for the tea (3 g) was as follows: 200 mL of boiling water and infusion time of 10 min. More importantly, by using infusion method, the major portion of markers remained in the tea powder implying poor extraction efficiency of the method. This result suggested that the use of TL extract would be benefit in terms of quality and efficacy. The optimal infusion condition could be utilized in clinical studies to find an effective oral dose range of markers. Ultimately, the obtained information could be used to determine the oral dose of TL extract.


The distannyl-bridged poly bis(dimethylstannyl)ferrocene, 5, was synthesized through either the metal-catalyzed intermolecular dehydrogenative condensation of the bis(dimethylstannyl)ferrocene, 6, or the ring-opening polymerization of the distannane-bridged [2]ferrocenophane, 7. Both polymerization strategies yielded compounds displaying NMR (1H, 13C, 119Sn) evidence for a distannane bridged polymer. A modest moderate molecular weight (GPC; Mw = 9.5 × 104 Da, PDI = 1.76) was found for polymer 5 prepared by dehydrogenative condensation. Polymer 5 displayed electronic communication (≈ 0.2 V) between neighbouring iron centers, similar to those reported for monobridged ferrocenyl stannane polymers. Polymer 5 was further characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and modeled with the related distannyl-8 and tristannyl-9 bisferrocenes using DFT at the SDD level of theory.


The article examines the current state and prospects of religious tourism in the Carpathian region of Ukraine (which includes four regions of Western Ukraine: Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Transcarpathia, and Chernivtsi). The key functions of religious tourism are outlined. The role of sacred objects in religious tourism is defined. The resource base of the region for the development of religious tourism is described. Sacred objects in the context of all regions of the region have been studied and it has been established that religious tourism occupies a worthy place in the Carpathian region. Wooden churches have been found to play an important role in the development of religious tourism in the region. According to research, in the Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Zakarpattia, and Chernivtsi regions of the Carpathian region found about 5,000 monuments of sacred architecture, among which the most numerous are temples. Of particular value among the sacred sites of the Carpathian region are wooden temples, eight of which are inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. It is established that the Lviv region takes the first place; Significantly fewer sacred objects were found in Ivano-Frankivsk and Zakarpattia oblasts, and Chernivtsi oblast ranks last. The obtained results made it possible to identify promising areas for the development of religious tourism in the Carpathian region. Thus, in the Chernivtsi region, the most sacred monuments of national importance are located in Kitsman, Hertsaiv, Zastavniv districts, and the city of Chernivtsi. In the Transcarpathian region: Velykobereznyansky, Volovets, and Beregovo districts. In Ivano-Frankivsk region: in Kosiv, Verkhovyna and Rohatyn districts. Lviv region ranks first in the Carpathian region in the number of sacred monuments. The largest number of facilities falls in the city of Lviv, as well as: the Drohobych, Starosambir, Zhydachiv, and Turkiv districts. It has been established that most sacred monuments of local and national importance are involved in a number of religious and pilgrimage tours, however, much of the resources are not fully used to promote and develop religious tourism in the Carpathian region.


Seismic data have been a very powerful tool used in the exploration of reservoirs throughout the world and no less so in the western Canadian basin. Seismic 2D data criss-cross our countryside and now 3D data is commonplace throughout the exploration/production process. Wireline petrophysical logs have also been the definitive source of information for the understanding of the drilled reservoir. The merging or tying of these two sometimes contradictory datasets can be fraught with pitfalls, miss-conceptions and errors. This paper will investigate two more subtle seismic distortions and contaminations, (attenuation Q and higher order multiples) that hinder this tying process and detract from the valuable information within these data. Methods VSP data were collected in several wells, and processed to understand and reduce the differences between the wireline logs and the surface seismic. Figure 1. shows the detailed results of a VSP and the surface seismic. t AAPG Datapages/Search and Discovery Article #90213 CSPG© 2015 CSPG/CSEG/CWLS Convention 2004, Innovation, Collaboration, Exploration: Building to the Future, Calgary, AB, Canada, May 31-June 4, 2004


Older adults are a heterogenous cohort of patients, often with multiple comorbidities and prescribed numerous drugs. Polypharmacy, defined as use of five or more medications, and inappropriate prescribing are risk factors for adverse outcomes. STOPP (Screening Tool of Older Persons' Prescriptions) and START (Screening Tool to Alert to Right Treatment) are criteria that facilitate medication review in older people to aid better prescribing and health outcomes. This review aims to identify inappropriate prescribing in the community-dwelling older adult attending Integrated Care Programme for Older Persons (ICPOP).

 We performed a cross-sectional review of patients attending the ICPOP Hub between January 2022 and May 2022. Patients' prescriptions were obtained from pharmacies and/or General Practitioners (GP) and cross checked against the medications brought to their appointment. Patients' past medical history was obtained from the patient, GP and hospital letters. Their prescriptions were analysed using the STOPP/START criteria.

 This study included 68 patients. The mean age was 83.5 years. Polypharmacy was present in 94%, with an average of 9.5 drugs prescribed. Common medications identified via STOPP criteria were hypnotic z-drugs in patients with falls (13.2%); loop diuretics for pedal oedema without heart failure (11.8%) and benzodiazepines for >4 weeks in patients with falls (10.3%). Common medications identified to commence via START criteria were vitamin D supplement in those with falls (32.4%); bone anti-resorptive therapy in those with osteoporosis (13.2%); laxatives in patients taking opiates (11.8%) and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in those with memory impairment (8.8%). 48 participants had medications commenced with 46 having medications stopped. Only 9 patients required no change to their medication prescription. Following STOPP/START, there was an overall reduction in prescribed medications by 0.12 (p=0.494).

 Applying STOPP/START criteria lead to a reduction in inappropriate medications prescribed in our multi-morbid older people cohort while identifying appropriate treatments to improve health outcomes.


As a result of the end of the cold war, the US Government's defence spending has decreased significantly since 1989. Consequently, many aerospace companies in the defence industry have begun the transition to commercial products. Reviews the commercial success strategies of Lockheed Martin, Hughes Electronics and Rockwell. Commercial success strategies discussed include: mergers, derived products, partnerships, consolidation, fresh blood in management, subsidiaries and acquisitions. Examines the negative side‐effects ‐ which include downsizing and less investment in technology research ‐ of the commercial transition.


Kinematics is a key component of a landslide hazard because landslides moving at similar rates can affect structures or collapse differently depending on their mechanisms. While a complete definition of landslide kinematics requires integrating surface and subsurface site investigation data, its practical estimate is usually based on 2D profiles of surface slope displacements. These can be now measured accurately using Persistent Scatterer InSAR (PSI), which exploits open access satellite imagery. Although 2D profiles of kinematic quantities are easy to retrieve, the efficacy of possible descriptors and extraction strategies has not been systematically compared, especially for complex landslides. Large, slow rock slope deformations, characterized by low displacement rates (<50 mm/year) and spatial and temporal heterogeneities, are an excellent testing ground to explore the best approaches to exploit PSI data from Sentinel-1 for kinematic characterization. For three case studies, we extract profiles of different kinematic quantities using different strategies and evaluate them against field data and simplified numerical modelling. We suggest that C-band PSI data allow for an effective appraisal of complex landslide kinematics, provided that the interpretation is (a) based on decomposed velocity vector descriptors, (b) extracted along critical profiles using interpolation techniques respectful of landslide heterogeneity, and (c) constrained by suitable model-based templates and field data.


Objective To study and research the effects of statins in-stent restenosis after carotid angioplasty stenting.Methods Retrospective analysis of initial part of internal carotid artery stenosis stenting and in the clinical data of 87 patients with internal carotid artery stenosis 12 months postoperative cerebral angiography in our hospital from April 2007 to May 2012.According to patients whether taking statins divided into simvastatin group and control group.Record two groups of patients with restenosis occurrence,statitical analysis.Results Statin group,66 cases of patients with restenosis in 2 cases( 3.03%),the control group had 7 cases( 33.33%),the statin group 89 pieces of stent restenosis in 3 cases( 3. 37%),the control group had 9 cases( 30%),the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion Insist on taking statins can reduce in stent restenosis of vascular stenosis of internal carotid artery stent implantation.


Like its predecessor, this new edition of a classic text gently leads the reader from the primitive act of adding 2 and 2 in APL all the way to the rudiments of designing database applications. Gone in this edition is all mention of the obsolete IBM 5100 microcomputer, but included instead are many details of both STSC's APL*PLUS for the IBM Personal Computer and IBM's powerful APL2 for mainframes. Included, too, is an introduction to nested arrays, particularly to their implementations in APL*PLUS and APL2. More material has been squeezed into a dozen fewer pages than in the Second Edition, thanks to a smaller yet legible font and arrangement of APL displays into several columns across the page. In twenty-eight short chapters divided into readily digestible sections, Gilman and Rose cover everything you would expect in an introductory text. The organization is a spiral one, so that you return to a topic several times, learning more about it each time. This allows even a reader with no prior computer experience to do meaningful computations early. Vectors, matrices, relational and logical functions, and reduction all appear within the first five chapters; order of execution is not treated systematically until Chapter 6. After a chapter on arithemetic and circular primitives come four chapters on function definition and workspace management; four on mixed functions, character data, and selecting from and rearranging arrays; one on branching; two on report formatting ; three on arbitrary arrays, including inner and outer products; and two on data representation and input and output. Lastly come five chapters on advanced topics such as: error trapping, system functions, nested arrays, component files, shared variables, and auxiliary processors. Learning APL from this book ought to be easy and pleasurable (learning from the previous edition certainly was for this reviewer). This is a readable book with a friendly, clear, and direct approach. Above all, it is practical-designed for you to follow every step, whether with the text's multitude of displays alone or with the aid of an actual interpreter. (You can purchase on diskette or tape a workspace containing all the defined functions which appear in the text.) There are plenty of well-chosen, realistic, illustrative examples taken from business, text processing , information management, elementary statistics, and mathematics. Any which require more than a little poorly remembered high-school mathematics are optional. Most chapters end with an instructive set of problems, graded from …


The Changing Status of Women in West Bengal, 1970–2000: The Challenges Ahead was written in response to a National Commission request that called for literature to fill the knowledge gap about women's status in Indian society. Of particular importance is that this book was created to present the challenges and successes within the framework of the socioeconomic and politico-cultural ambience of women in West Bengal because no research such as this had previously been conducted. The book covers a variety of topics ranging from demographics, health and nutrition, economic empowerment, political participation to law and violence, culture and tribal women and outlines the last three decades of women's and girls' social existence. It also includes a number of micro-studies in its appendix, allowing for both qualitative and quantitative data to illustrate the past and current dynamics of women's being in West Bengal. The chapters place great emphasis on the fact that gender is neither static nor monolithic, but rather that it is dynamic, an aspect that should influence the direction of gender policy in the state. The dynamics, as the contributors illustrate, are highly visible in the current era of liberalization, privatization and globalization, in which poverty is becoming increasingly feminised, while also recognizing women's thriving quest for social justice and equality as leaders and decision-makers in the region. This publication therefore 'is to capture the process within which women and girls in West Bengal responded to the challenges ... and the direction the challenges took' (p. 15). The Changing Status of Women in West Bengal, 1970–2000: The Challenges Ahead ends with realistic policy recommendations extracted from the analyses of the preceding chapters and is a useful guide for those interested in policy-making, social activism and the social sciences.


Moringa oleifera is a fast growing tree which has gained importance in the tropics because of its medicinal, industrial, human and livestock nutritional values. In the Limpopo Province of South Africa, moringa is mainly grown by a limited number of farmers in the backyards and spaces around homesteads. This study was aimed at identifying moringa growers in the province and to collate information on their perspective knowledge of production and management of the tree, as well as its commercial production potential. The survey was conducted from November 2013 to September 2014 in five districts of the Limpopo Province. Focus group discussion, questionnaires and field observations were used for data collection. A total of 150 moringa growers formed part of the focus group and a questionnaire was administered to only 31 farmers producing moringa on an area of 0.25 ha or more. Collected data were analyzed using the SPSS version 22. Results from the survey indicated that there are potential moringa farmers in all the districts of the province, with the intention of commercializing the tree. Majority of moringa growers were found in Vhembe district (38.7%) followed by the Waterberg and Sekhukhune districts which accounted for 9.7% of the growers. Male growers were dominant, with 64.5% producing mainly in the mixed farming system. The highest percentage of farmers who grow moringa on 0.25-1.0 ha of land and have been producing the crop for the past 2 years were found in Mopani and Vhembe districts. In general, most farmers grow moringa for leaf processing into powder (96.8%) that is sold locally. This study revealed that most farmers were willing to expand the moringa production, however, the major challenge of effective market access needed to be addressed. This is critical if the crop is to be effectively incorporated in the smallholder farming system for income generation and food security.


Six existing methods for the synthesis of O-glucosides as a flavor precursor were reviewed and compared.It was considered that the key factors in O-glucosides synthesis were the selection of suitable glucosidic carriers and catalysts,and the further research on biological catalysis was worthwhile.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a fall prevention educational session on fall risk knowledge, use of fall prevention interventions and the number of falls in community‐dwelling older persons attending physical therapy.


It is very important to strengthen researches into English vocabulary teaching, to explore new ways to teach English vocabulary, to help students to master the meanings, the collocations and the usages of vocabulary, to arouse students' interest in learning English and to improve their practical ability to apply the language.


The client summary identical with privacy-preservation in movable community set of connections (msns) and begin a family of novel summary identical protocols. We first propose a clear Comparison-based summary identical protocol which runs between two parties, an originator and a responder. The summary identical protocol enables the originator to get hold of the comparison-based matching result about a specified attribute in their profiles, while avoid their characteristic values from disclosure. Then we propose an implicit Comparison-based Profile matching protocol which allows the originator to straight get hold of a number of messages instead of the comparison result from the responder. The messages not linked to user profile can be separated into many groups by the responder. The originator completely decides the interested group which is unidentified to the responder. Two messages in both groups are prepared by the responder, and only one message can be obtained by the initiator according to the comparison result on a single attribute. We further generalize the icpm to an implicit Predicate-based Profile matching protocol which allows complex comparison criteria spanning multiple attributes. The anonymity analysis shows all these protocols achieve the confidentiality of user profiles. In addition, the reveals the comparison result to the initiator and provides only conditional anonymity; they do not reveal the result at all and provide full secrecy. We analyze the communication overhead and the anonymity strength of the protocols. We then present an enhanced version of the called by combining the with a novel prediction-based adaptive pseudonym change strategy. The performance comparatively studied through extensive trace-based simulations. Simulation results demonstrate that they achieve significantly higher anonymity strength with slightly larger number of pseudonym.


For exploring the application of graphene nano-composite, graphene is combined with other nano-materials to develop a new graphene nano-composite with high conductivity, good biocompatibility and strong affinity for enzymes, which improved the working performance of sensors in human motion sensing. Graphene oxide (GO) is prepared by using Hummers and offeman methods, and graphene is prepared from graphene oxide with glucose as a reducing agent. On the basis of electro-deposition of Prussian blue chitosan (PB-CS) film modified gold electrode, a new nano material graphene is introduced, and glucose oxidase as a model enzyme, a glucose biosensor based on RGO/PB-CS nano-composite is constructed. The research results showed that the sensor constructed has higher sensitivity, lower detection limit and smaller apparent Michaelis constant. To sum up, the combination of graphene and Prussian blue chitosan effectively promoted the electron transfer between the electrode surface and the analytical substrate, and improved the working performance of the sensor, which has potential application value in human motion sensing.


Defects are usually present in organic polymer films and are commonly invoked to explain the low efficiency obtained in organic-based optoelectronic devices. We propose that controlled insertion of substitutional impurities may, on the contrary, tune the optoelectronic properties of the underivatized organic material and, in the case studied here, maximize the efficiency of a solar cell. We investigate a specific oxygen-impurity substitution, the keto-defect -(CH 2 -C=O)- in underivatized crystalline poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV), and its impact on the electronic structure of the bulk film, through a combined classical (force-field) and quantum mechanical (DFT) approach. We find defect states which suggest a spontaneous electron—hole separation typical of a donor—acceptor interface, optimal for photovoltaic devices. Furthermore, the inclusion of oxygen impurities does not introduce defect states in the gap and thus, contrary to standard donor-acceptor systems, should preserve the intrinsic high open circuit voltage (V OC ) that may be extracted from PPV-based devices.


Objective To investigate the effects of tannic acid (TA) on the renal pathological functional and morphological changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Methods Diabetic rats induced by STZ were randomly divided into diabetes,aminoguanidine (AG),low and high dosages of TA groups and daily injected i.p.with physiological saline,AG (40 mg·kg-1·d-1) and TA (20 and 30 mg·kg-1·d-1),respectively,for 10 w.Healthy rats were served as normal control.General situation was observed during and after 10 weeks' treatment,and blood glucose,Cr,BUN,UA,urinary protein were detected.Meanwhile,the morphological changes of kidney were observed by light and electron microscope.Results Treatment of TA improved the general conditions of diabetic rats.Compared with the model group,blood glucose,Cr,BUN and urinary protein were decreased significantly.The conventional and ultrastructure alterations in TA group including volume enlargement of kidney glomerulus,mesangial cells increase and mesangial expansion and thickening of glomerular basement membrane (GBM),were lighter than those in DM group.Conclusions TA could markedly reduce the pathological changes of kidney,inhibit the kidney hypertrophy and reduce the proteinuria of diabetic rats,could effectively protect the function of kidney in diabetic rats.


Marsh and Parker (1984) described the big-fish-little-pond effect (BFLPE), whereby equally able students have lower academic self-concepts in high-ability schools than in low-ability schools. The present investigation, a reanalysis of the Youth in Transition data, supported the generality of the earlier findings and demonstrated new theoretical implications of the BFLPE. First, differences in the academic self-concepts of Black and White students, sometimes assumed to represent response biases, were explicable in terms of the BFLPE. Second, equally able students earned higher grades in lower ability schools. This frame-of-reference effect for grades was distinct from, but contributed to, the BFLPE for academic self-concept. Third, a longitudinal analysis demonstrated that academic self-concept had a direct effect on subsequent school performance beyond the effects of academic ability and prior school performance. About one quarter of this effect could be explained in terms of the BFLPE.


The invention provides a method, a device and a system for constructing connection between terminals in a local area network. The method comprises the steps that a client of a first terminal establishes a hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) service and provides HTTP service information and a preset identification character string for a client of a second terminal; the client of the second terminal acquires the preset identification character string and then establishes a socket server; the client of the second terminal sends an access request including the socket server to the client of the first terminal; after receiving the access request, the client of the first terminal establishes wifi connection between the first terminal and the second terminal. According to the method, convenience in connection establishment between two terminals in the same local area network can be improved.


Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect that massage treats infantile diarrhea.Methods:Using syndrome differentiation and classification,diarrhea can be divided into two types which are due to hypofunction of the spleen and due to indigestion.Based on the essential manipulations that are rubbing the abdomen,kneading Zhongwan and Yuwei,pushing-up Qijiegu,pressing Zusanli and pinching spine,clinic therapy adds reinforcing Pijing and Daehang,heading Wailaogong and pushing Sanguan to diarrhea due to hypofunetion of the spleen.During the treating,the doctor of massage can add clearing Dachang,arc-pushing Neibagua,kneading Tianshu and Banmen to diarrhea due to indigestion.Results:Fifty children of diarrhea have been cured after treatment and the total efftive rate reaches 100%.Conclusion:Massotherapy of infantile diarrhea has a remarkable effect.It is convenient for operating and it can avoid suffering injecting and taking medicine as well.Thaat is an ideal therapy method.


Objective
To assess the relationship between maternal plasma tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) before 20 weeks' gestation and hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (HDCP); and to evaluate the predictive value of plasma TRAIL for HDCP.

Methods
A 2-phase screening/validation study was designed.In the screening phase, a nested, case-controlled study was performed, the plasma samples collected before 20 weeks' gestation from 20 women who later developed HDCP and 20 age-and gestation week-matched controls were tested in prospective screening test for protein expression profiling during pregnancy and HDCP. Plasma samples were analyzed by a human protein microarray technology designed to detect 507 proteins simultaneously. Differently expressed proteins' functional annotation and clustering were performed by using of Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) and Gene Ontology (GO) database. The TRAIL level of plasma samples obtained before 20 weeks' gestation from 53 women who later developed HDCP and 106 similarly matched controls were further validated by ELISA and 62 clinical risk factors were investigated. Logistic regression and ROC analysis were used to evaluate the relationship between TRAIL and HDCP and its predictive value for HDCP.

Results
In protein microarray analysis, 23 proteins expressed differently before 20 weeks' gestation between the two groups. Further validation results showed that TRAIL levels in HDCP patients were lower significantly (45.7±13.1) pg/ml than those in healthy pregnant controls(51.2±14.7)pg/ml, P=0.021. Multiple factor logistic regression analysis of 159 pregnancies showed that three features were finally entering the logistic model, they were: anemia (OR=4.87, 95% CI 1.05-24.26), pre-pregnancy BMI (OR=1.72, 95% CI 1.35-2.19) and TRAIL (OR=0.96, 95% CI 0.92-0.99). The predictive accuracy of logistic model was 81.8%. The model significantly increases the predictive value (AUC=0.81, 95% CI 0.73-0.87) compared to TRAIL as independent predictor (AUC=0.59, 95% CI 0.51-0.67).

Conclusions
Totally 23 proteins were expressed differentially before 20 weeks' gestation in plasma of women who later developed HDCP, confirming that HDCP is a heterogeneous disease with different biological changes. The data suggests that plasma TRAIL levels relate with the development of HDCP and its combination with pre-pregnancy BMI and anemia have a high predictive value for HDCP before 20 weeks' gestation.(Chin J Lab Med, 2015, 38: 522-527)

Key words:
Hypertension, pregnancy-induced; Receptors, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand; Protein array analysis


Description logics (DLs) are a successful family of logic-based knowledge representation formalisms that can be used to represent the terminological knowledge of an application domain in a structured and formally well-founded way. DL systems provide their users with inference procedures that allow to reason about the represented knowledge. Standard inference problems (such as the subsumption and the instance problem) are now well-understood. Their computational properties (such as decidability and complexity) have been investigated in detail, and modern DL systems are equipped with highly optimized implementations of these inference procedures, which—in spite of their high worst-case complexity—perform quite well in practice. In applications of DL systems it has turned out that building and maintaining large DL knowledge bases can be further facilitated by procedures for other, nonstandard inference problem, such as computing the least common subsumer and the most specific concept, and rewriting and matching of concepts. While the research concerning these non-standard inferences is not as mature as the one for the standard inferences, it has now reached a point where it makes sense to motivate these inferences within a uniform application framework, give an overview of the results obtained so far, describe the remaining open problems, and give perspectives for future research in this direction.