AbstractThe War against terrorism has in the recent years become an international concern with due to its growing magnitude and ability to affect the relationships amongst the nations. It is especially true for under developed countries that are dependent for aid from the western world. This research paper aims to study the treatment of the issue of war on terror by two leading English newspapers for a period of three months; The New York Times of the US and Daily Dawn of Pakistan. The editorials of these newspapers papers would deal with the issue in terms of both quantitative and qualitative data analysis.Keywords: War against Terrorism, Role of Media, Dawn & New York Times, Editorials, Organizational Policy,Introduction:The Media role during peace and war time is instrumental in shaping the minds and morale of both the troops and the civilians. The concept of morale raising by positive inputs from the border is as old as humans have engaged in war campaigns against each other. After the onslaught by the Western media against the Muslim world in general and Pakistan in particular no option was left with the media of the third world countries other than to have a reconciliatory approach. On the issues of global concern especially War Against Terrorism, internationally recognized newspapers like Dawn and The New York Times, played an instrumental role not only in forming the public opinion but were also able to influence the opinion of educated masses in both countries , regarding the issue of War on Terror.This research paper aims to evaluate the extent to which both these newspapers either supported or opposed state policies of the US and Pakistan. The tone of the newspapers is a reflection of the feelings of the leading newspaper editorials.Hypothesesi. The New York Times is hesitant in opposing the Pentagon's policy on War on Terror.ii. Despite popular thinking media in the third world countries is free to criticize the state policy than in the developing world.iii. In the garb of press freedom, misleading, shaping and opinionating the public is the norm followed by the New York Times.iv. Media conglomerates in conjunction with the Government help to shape popular opinion and thus comparatively make it easier for the State Department to pursue its policies.MethodologyThis research paper is an effort to study the editorial contents of international dailies i.e. Dawn and The New York Times and also to investigate the approaches they have followed. This paper also investigates the extent to which these newspapers have either supported or opposed the policy of the Government on war and terror issue.The paper tends to analyze the editorial contents of both the papers in relation to War on Terror during the period from April 1, 2011 to June 30, 2011. The time period selected is the climax in the saga of war against terrorism. It was the period when Osama Bin Laden, the key perpetrator behind the 9/11 attacks met his fate. On May 2, 2011 the US claimed that they have killed Osama Bin Laden in a military operation in Abbottabad, Pakistan.The data collected from the editorials of the two newspapers of the study would be analyzed in terms of quantity and quality. To evaluate the contents of both the newspapers in terms of frequency, the number of editorials on "war against terrorism" published during the specified period was calculated. The editorials on the related topics like A1 Qaeda, Taliban, Terrorism, anti-terrorist laws, and, the editorials on other subjects indirectly related to War on Terror were also selected as "unit of analysis." In order to conduct the research more conveniently "coding sheets A and B" are constituted.To find out the quality of the editorial contents of both the newspapers regarding War on Terror, the editorials were analyzed in terms of slant for supportive, unsupportive and neutral approaches to the policies of their respective Governments on the issue. …


Spherical Harmonics-based lighting is a collection of techniques and solutions to the common illumination problem. At the heart of every illumination problem lies the rendering equation [Kajiya86], which is a spatial function that captures all the incoming radiance (ie., lighting) at a certain point in 3-space. Some well-known solutions include radiosity-based techniques, which generally assume totally Lambertian (ie., diffuse) surfaces. The collection of ray-based techniques is another well-known solution, that greatly simplify the rendering equation (R.Eq. from hereonafter). Even ordinary lightmaps as used in Quake3 (essentially precomputed irradiance maps) form a partial (diffuse, static environments and lighting) solution to the R.Eq.. The essence of the R.Eq. is captured in a surface integral over the hemisphere enclosing a surface point in 3-space. In its most general form, it can be written as follows for a non-self-emitting surface:


In this paper, we propose and demonstrate numerically a pixelated component for full Stokes polarization imaging by integrating linear polarizers and circular polarizers on a single silicon chip working in near infrared band (~1.6μm). The micro linear polarizers collect linear polarizing information from different orientations while the circular polarizers collect left-handed or right-handed circular polarization information such that full Stokes polarization imaging can be implemented on a single chip in real time. Numerical results show that the extinction ratio and TM transmission of linearly polarization can reach 45dB and 78%, respectively, with a linear metallic grating of period 300nm, and the dichroism of left-handed and right-handed circular polarization can reach 55% with a plasmonic chiral structure that is compatible with linear gratings in terms of structure and fabrication. The proposed structure is of significance in real-time full Stokes polarization imaging.


Enviromental tax is an efficient instrument to protect the enviroment through correcting market failure and government failure with tax,which provides an economic way to solve the serious environment,it is time to implement enviromental tax in china.


The background of this research is the city of Batu as a central region with regions that do not yet have adequate infrastructure and require infrastructure in the public sector. City development must be realized immediately to support all community activities. In 2018, the environmental road in Batu city is 325.44 km, damaging the road along 29.83 km. While the city road 167.56 km of roads damaged along 4.21 km. In the context of the role of the government as a public service provider it becomes important as a guarantor for every road user must get maximum service.
 The purpose of this study is the research of road improvement strategies carried out by the public works department and the structuring of problematic assistance space in seeking infrastructure to fit in Batu. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. The theory used in this study is a new public service initiated by Denhart and e-governance in order to realize a sustainable development strategy.
 Strategies are made through applications by the public works department and spatial planning as well as the government in an effort to provide facilities for the community to carry out activities in the economic, social and cultural fields. In addition, the road is a vital tool for people who have become mandatory needs. Through this strategy, indirectly the Batu city government has asked the community to participate in encouraging the development of Batu city in order to have better infrastructure. In addition, with the application (Lapubang Jalan Report), the community will be easier to connect directly with the government as a public servant to resolve complaints against damaged traffic in the city of Batu.
 The results obtained from the study after the data carried out by the public works department and the spatial planning of the city of Batu have done assistance to the problem of potholes through the making of applications that can be downloaded via playstore called hole reports, which have been socialized and realized. However, to succeed in this program the Batu city government needs to enlarge its role in road repair in Batu city. Related, the government's attention needs to continuously improve the roads in Batu city which can occur simultaneously with the decrease in the number of damaged roads.


This paper proposes a new optoelectronic delay locked loop (OE-DLL) and its use in optical ranging systems. The so called PMD-DLL receiver module is based on a novel electro-optical modulator (EOM), called the Photonic Mixer Device (PMD). This sensor element is a semiconductor device, which combines fast optical sensing and mixing of incoherent light signals in one component part by its unique and powerful principle of operation. Integration of some simple additional on-chip components offers a high integrated electro-optical correlation unit. Simulations and experimental results have already impressively verified the operation principle of PMD structures, all realized in CMOS technology so far. Although other technologies are also promising candidates for the PMD realization they should not be further discussed in this contribution. The principle of the new DLL approach is intensively discussed in this paper. Theoretical analysis as well as experimental results of a realized PMD-DLL system are demonstrated and judged. Due to the operation principle of sophisticated PMD devices and their unique features, a correlation process may be realized in order to synchronize a reflected incoherent light wave with an electronic reference signal. The phase shift between both signals represents the distance to an obstacle and may be determined by means of the synchronization process. This new approach, avoiding so far needed critical components such as broadband amplifiers and mixers for the detection of small photo currents in optical distance measurement, offers an extremely fast and precise phase determination in ranging applications based on the time- of-flight (TOF) principle. However, the optical measurement signal may be incoherent -- therefore a laser source is not needed imperatively. The kind of waveform used for the modulation of the light signal is variable and depends on the demands of every specific application. Even if there are plenty other alternatives (e.g., heterodyne techniques), in this contribution only so called quasi-heterodyne techniques - - also known as phase shifting methods -- are discussed and used for the implementation. The light modulation schemes described in this contribution are square-wave as well as pseudo-noise modulation. The latter approach, inspired by the wide spread use in communication as well as in position detection (e.g., IS-95 and GPS), offers essential advantages and is the most promising modulation method for the ranging approach. So called CDMA (code division multiple access) systems form a major task in communication technology investigations since the third generation mobile phone standard is also partly based on this principle. Fast and reliable synchronization in direct sequence spread spectrum communication systems (DSSS) differs hardly from the already mentioned ranging approach and will also be discussed. The possibility to integrate all components in a monolithic PMD based DLL design is also presented and discussed. This method might offer the feature to integrate complete lines or matrixes of PMD based DLLs for highly parallel, multidimensional ranging. Finally, an outlook is given with regard to further optimized PMD front ends. An estimation of the expected characteristics concerning accuracy and speed of the distance measurement is given in conclusion.


The article considers the problem of understanding Other, which is topical for the modern philosophy. The notion "Other", developed within the framework of non-classical philosophy, has been studied recently in connection with the problems of understanding, communication and dialogue. One of the directions that marked the beginning of the independent research on the problem of Other is symbolic interactionism. The author considers the specificity of using the notion "Other" in symbolic interactionism, and the contribution of this direction to the development of the problem of understanding Other.


Abstract Acanthocephalans belonging to the species Neoechinorhynchus agilis were collected from two mullets, Mugil cephalus and Chelon ramada from Ichkeul Lagoon in northern Tunisia. Collected parasites, as well as tissues of their hosts (muscle, liver and intestine), were analysed for trace elements (silver, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), selenium, vanadium (V), zinc) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Our results showed different accumulation patterns of trace elements in fish tissues and parasites. Among the host tissues, liver accumulated the highest metal amounts. Acanthocephalans showed Ni, Pb and V in significantly higher concentrations compared to their host's tissues. Further, the calculated bioconcentration factors demonstrated a 390-fold higher Pb accumulation in the parasite compared to fish muscle. This study is the first field survey in Tunisia dealing with elements' uptake in parasites and their hosts. Our results corroborate the usefulness of the acanthocephalans for biomonitoring of metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems and promote more research in order to understand host–parasite systems in brackish waters of the Mediterranean area.


The Soldiers' and Sailors' Home had its own United States Post Office. It was especially busy when pension checks arrived.


This important new dictionary – the first of its kind, now available in paperback - presents an accessible source of reference on the main concepts and techniques in econometrics. Featuring entries on all the major areas in theoretical econometrics, the dictionary will be used by students, both undergraduate and post graduate, to aid their understanding of the subject. Sorted by alphabetical order, each entry is a short essay which is designed to present the essential points of a particular concept or technique and offer a concise guide to other relevant literature.


360 Background: Prognostic models for patients undergoing cystectomy are spares and mostly rely on histopathological parameters. The present study investigated clinical prognostic indicators that are available prior to cystectomy for developing a risk stratification model. Methods: Charts were reviewed from 279 bladder cancer patients that were treated with radical cystectomy and bilateral lymphadenectomy. Of those 194 were eligible for study entry due to availability of necessary data. None of the patients had neoadjuvant therapy. Various preoperative parameters were analyzed and optimum cut-off points were identified using ROC curves. A risk stratification model was developed based on multivariate analysis. Analyzed factors included serum-creatinine, hemoglobin, white blood cells, C - reactive protein (CRP), age, gender, and body mass index. Results: In multivariate analysis, preoperative serum-creatinine (>93 umol/l), white blood cells (>10.2 tsd/ul), CRP (>3 mg/l) and BMI (<18,5 kg/m2 or ≥30 kg/m2) we...


Within the framework of Pertsev's thermodynamic theory, the equilibrium polarization states and the physical properties of single-domain Pb(Zr0.35Ti0.65)O3 (PZT) thin films epitaxially grown on dissimilar cubic substrates are investigated. The "misfit strain-temperature" phase diagrams are obtained for the films. The presence of stability range of the rhombohedral phase is the characteristic feature of these phase diagrams, which separates the stability ranges of the tetragonal phase and the orthorhombic phase. The coexistence of the rhombohedral phase and the tetragonal phase in PZT film can be explained by Pertsev's theory with the gradient strain case with a suitable stress form.


In 1948 an English publisher brought out a remarkably eccentric little book by a remarkably eccentric man-the English essayist, artist, and critic, Wyndham Lewis. The book's title, America and Cosmic Man, suggests its principal thesis: "Either the United States is (1) a rather disorderly collection of people dumped here by other nations which did not want them-a sort of wastepaper basket or trash-can; or (2) a splendid idea of Fate's to provide a human laboratory for the manufacture of Cosmic Man. It is, I feel, quite certainly the second of these alternatives"


Surface diffusion of hydrogen, deuterium, and CO on Rh(111) has been investigated by laser‐induced thermal desorption (LITD) and compared with previous results for these species on Pt(111) and on other metals. As the coverage θ of deuterium increases from 0.02 to 0.33, the preexponential factor D0 remains constant at 8×10−2 cm2/s, but the diffusion activation energy Ediff rises from 3.7 to 4.3 kcal/mol. Ediff for hydrogen is 0.6 kcal/mol lower than for deuterium, consistent with the difference in zero‐point energy. For CO, Ediff =7 kcal/mol at all coverages, but D0 rises from 10−3 to 10−2 cm2/s between θ=0.01 and 0.40. Values of Ediff for these adsorbates vary by several orders of magnitude for surfaces on which heats of adsorption are essentially identical. These differences appear to correlate with differences in heats of adsorption in different binding states which form saddle point configurations in surface diffusion. Ediff is found to be nearly identical to the reaction activation energies for the CO...


A problem which frequently arises in experimentai heat transfer work is that of determining the surface temperature of a tube in which heat is generated electrically. Solution of this problem involves a temperature measurement of the opposite surface to which a correction factor, the temperature drop through the tube wall, must be applied. This temperature drop is obtnined through the solution of the diffurential equation governing the temperature distribution in the tube wall; however, in the case of temperature-dependent properties of thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity, the governing equation is nonlinear, which necessitates special solutions. In this study a hypothetical surface-temperature problem was established, and the solution of the governing nonlinear differential equation was accomplished by means of an electronic analog computer. Assuming variable properties, the example used in this study was that of a one-dimensional steadystate heat flow through both a thick- and a thin- walled tube. (auth)


The article is devoted to the very difficult task of identifying, archiving and organising disparate and, for the most part, incomplete archives of Finnish extreme nationalist movements of the interwar period and the Second World War, in the other words, in the First Republic of Finland (1919–1944). The most important of these organisations can be considered to be The Lapua Movement (1929–1932) and its successor, The Patriotic People's Movement (IKL) (1932–1944) and the Academic Karelia Society (1922–1944). National questions, becoming quite important in the first half of the 20th century, become in modern Finland all the more important in terms of their scientific research. Their study is already absolutely necessary for the full and complete understanding of the events in Finland of that period. In this connection it is quite revealing that in the first decades after the Second World War studying the history of the Finnish right nationalist radicalism rarely attracted researchers, as the political situation in the country did not allow an objective reconstruction of the history of the losing side. The situation was also affected by the inaccessibility of many archival documents. The history of the Finnish right nationalist radicalism of the interwar period is still not enough studied both in Russian and in Finnish and in world historiography. Сonsidering the problem of the history of right-wing nationalist movement in Finland it can be argued that, along with the importance of this research to explain the policy of 1920s-1930s Finland, as well as the problem of the country's participation in World War II on the side of Nazi Germany, there are still quite good prospects for the study proposed here. Moreover, it is possible to hope that the answers to urgent questions can mainly be found in the materials of the Finnish archives. Refs 31.


Results are presented of a Very Large Array survey at 6 cm of an unbiased sample of extragalactic X-ray sources serendipitously discovered with the Einstein X-ray Observatory. Fourteen of 42 X-ray sources are detected in the radio down to a limiting sensitivity of 1-2 mJy. Detections include eight of 31 examined active galactic nuclei (AGN-quasars or Seyferts), five of eight clusters of galaxies and one BL Lac object. The radio detection rate of X-ray selected AGNs is higher than that of optically selected AGNs, suggesting that a physical link between radio and X-ray emission is present. The radio properties of the X-ray selected clusters are similar to those of optically selected Abell clusters.


In this article, the syncretic nature of lexemes of adjectives in Turkic languages, including Uzbek, is presented. Discussions are held on the basis of research on the content of the term adverb as an independent term. It is explained that studying it as an independent word group in Turkic languages, including Uzbek is still controversial. This article is based on research, which was discussed in the Turkish language, including Uzbek, as well as a self-contained group of words.


ABSTRACT In several countries, childminders grew in times of economic austerity and growing awareness of the economic function of childcare, as they were legitimised by a 'home as heaven' ideology and low costs. As a result, childminders have long been regarded as the 'Cinderellas' of childcare. Three decades later, scholars and policymakers agree on the importance of the educational function of childcare and thus on the importance of professional qualifications during the same time that these countries face the attrition of an entire generation of childminders. This gives rise to both quantitative and qualitative changes and raises the need to reconceptualise family day care (FDC). However, literature on this topic is scarce and information on non-English speaking countries is even more so. We explored productive policies and practices of onthaalouders (Flanders), assistantes maternelles (France) and Tagesmütter (Germany) in order to contribute to the small but increasing body of research in this field. This study shows that while the need for childcare workers is increasing, attrition of childminders might hamper the ambition to realise childcare and thus the attractiveness of the childminding profession requires an upgrade. New and hybrid forms of conjunction of centre-based and FDC challenge stereotypes about substitute mothering and offer possibilities to reconceptualise the childcare profession. However, they do not necessarily change the subordinate position of childminders in the early childhood education and care (ECEC) field.


Among all the fields related to the social welfare facilities,
 this study, proposes to define a mechanism related to the
organizing of the living space by finding.
As for the methodology, through the analysis of the
 characteristics of the their living behaviors on the facilities,
 their needs for Unit space are grasped.


This study assessed the accuracy of telephone and Internet surveys of probability samples and Internet surveys of non-probability samples of American adults by comparing aggregate survey results against benchmarks. The probability sample surveys were consistently more accurate than the non-probability sample surveys, even after post-stratification with demographics. The non-probability sample survey measurements were much more variable in their accuracy, both across measures within a single survey and across surveys with a single measure. Post-stratification improved the overall accuracy of some of the non- probability sample surveys but decreased the overall accuracy of others.


UDC 413.13 NAME AS A WAY OF EXPRESSION OF AUTHOR'S IDEA IN CREATION OF LITERARY CHARACTER Oleg Olegovich Kolodin, Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin, Tambov, Russia, Post-graduate Stu-dent of Russian Language Department, e-mail: email@example.com Proper noun as a personality representant is a linguistic device which was used often by Russian writers. Onim of any level represents text-resultant, which gives the opportunity to use extra linguistic reserves. Formation of methodics of ono-mastic analysis of literary work is important linguistic and didactic task.


Objective To investigate the relationship between hyperuricemia(HUA) and cerebral infarction in the elderly and the degree of neurological deficit. Methods 110 elderly patients with cerebral infarction from October 2012 to February 2014 in the Muslim Hospital of Beijing("our hospital" for short) were selected as study group, and 56 healthy persons in the same period in our hospital were enrolled as control group. The levels of blood uric acid(UA),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), blood glucose(Glu), SBP, DBP in the two groups were measured and compared, and the relationship between the levels of serum UA and the severity of the disease was studied. Results1 The serum levels of UA, LDL-C, Glu in study group [(343.65±70.15) μmol/L,(3.28±0.49) mmol/L,(6.45±1.55) mmol/L] were higher than those of the control group [(259.55±74.58) μmol/L,(2.58±0.42) mmol/L,(5.92±1.34) mmol/L], the differences were statistically significant(P 0.05 or P 0.01). 2Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that high levels of the UA(OR=1.020, 95%CI: 1.011-1.030), hypertension(OR=1.206, 95%CI: 1.091-1.333), diabetes(OR=1.678, 95%CI: 1.0052-2.676), and high levels of low-density protein(OR=2.473, 95%CI: 1.252-3.676) were independent risk factors of cerebral infarction in elderly. 3With the severity increasing, the blood uric acid level elevated gradually in patients, the differences were statistically significant(P 0.01). Conclusion HUA is an independent and preventive intervention risk factor for cerebral infarction in the elderly and may predict the severity of cerebral infarction in the elderly.


Pharmaceutical formulation comprises (1) 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (I), or its pharmaceutically acceptable derivs. as active ingredients and (2) an acceptable carrier. The formulations are pref. administered by injection (partic. using sterile water as the carrier) or orally as tablets or capsules. Derivs. of (I), (A), which are converted in vivo to (I), or to its active metabolites or decomposition prods., are new, excluding the following: monophosphate, disodium-monophosphate, 2-cyanoethyl-monophosphate, triphosphate, p-toluenesulphonate, acetate, methanesulphonate and Ph3C-derivs., and cpds. where 5'-C atom is attached to another nucleotide or nucleoside deriv. Specified (A) are the 5'-(diphosphate,3-methylbutyrate, octanoate, palmitate, 3-chlorobenzoate, benzoate, hydrogensuccinate and pivalate) esters of (I).


Over the past 50 years, the search for microorganisms in seemingly uninhabitable environments, such as at the extremes of pH, temperature, nutrient concentration, and pressure, has yielded a great deal of information about the diversity and origins of microbial life. Archaea, one of the three domains of life, is a highly diverse and abundant group of prokaryotes, and includes a number of "extremophiles" that thrive in such environments as hot springs, salt lakes, and submarine volcanic habitats (33). Recent molecular studies have also revealed that archaea, like bacteria, are commonly mesophilic (10). It is puzzling that despite being one of the most numerous and ubiquitous life forms on earth, no member of the domain Archaea has been described as a human pathogen (47) (Fig. (Fig.11).


Current developments in Idlib province in northwestern Syria are obviously a series of violations of international law and the United Nations Security Council resolutions by the Turkish troops and officials as the world is witnessing a double-standard policy by Ankara toward the crisis in that part of the war-hit Syria. Though Turkey has been claiming that it has been implementing the agreements approved by the trilateral committee between Turkey, Iran and Russia, evidences show that Turkey has only been using terrorist groups as a tool to materialize its own objectives in Idlib. Obviously, occupying the Syrian territories and ruling over the seized lands are among the most important objectives of the Ankara officials who have been continuously denying. As soon as the Syrian resistance forces kicked off their large-scale operation to liberate Idlib province from the militants' occupation, the Turkish officials showed their real face and openly targeted the Syrian Army positions. The Turkish assaults on the Syrian Army positions angered the Russians who finally decided to give a crushing response to the Turkish occupiers. The Russian raids killed a sum of 70 Turkish military personnel and injured tens more. The Turkish troops' attacks and the Russians' retaliatory response triggered a fresh round of tensions between the two involved sides. Now, the Turkish officials' real objective, which is nothing but a shameful scandal, is laid bare as Ankara's allies, including the U.S. and NATO, are assisting Turkey over the Idlib dispute. Actually, Ankara needs to revise its policies as it should have fully realized that Damascus and Moscow are quite serious to liberate Idlib from the militant groups that have been supported by the Turkish troops directly and indirectly in recent years. Of course, any direct military confrontation between Russian and Turkish forces in Idlib seems unlikely, as Russia has proved that it knows well how to interact with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. 1 0 Coronavirus pandemic shows just another business scam worldwide


This note examines whether the ability of nonfinancial corporations to meet their interest expenses out of earnings is a vulnerability for financial stability under current economic conditions. We measure this ability using the interest coverage ratio (ICR)—the ratio of earnings before interest and taxes relative to interest expenses—and project this ratio under different scenarios.


Fancy making a battery? You will need (a) 10 two-pence pieces; (b) kitchen foil; (c) blotting paper; (d) two pieces of copper wire (taken from any electric wire or flex); (e) malt vinegar; (f) salt; (g) bowl; (h) light emitting diode (available from hardware and model shops); (i) masking tape. Mix vinegar and salt together in the bowl. Soak blotting paper. Stack alternate layers of coin/paper/foil. Attach copper wire to each end of the stack with masking tape. Fix other ends of wires to diode. The light should go on.

My parents lived unashamedly gendered lives. Their marriage probably only lasted as long as it did because within a year of her wedding day my mother produced a son, with whom my father planned to spend happy hours building transistor radios, fishing, and playing cricket. But his firstborn showed neither interest nor aptitude in such pleasures—nor did the next son, or the next. When Mum and the boys started baking, Dad and I would retreat to the shed to repair the vacuum cleaner, filter the newts out of pond water, or send messages to each other in Morse code.

Simone de Beauvoir observed in The Second Sex that the widespread interest of girls in "male" pursuits does not need a psychoanalytic explanation. Climbing trees is simply fun, as is stringing conkers or making stink bombs. But everyone knows this is boys' stuff, so no self respecting tomboy is going to be put off by chapter titles like "The five knots every boy should know" or "Advice about girls." Conversely, if grubs and gadgets never turned you on, you won't assume that having a Y chromosome makes The Dangerous Book for Boys compulsory reading for you.

Audacious political incorrectness and the absence of risk assessment in any activity is, of course, why this book has shot straight to the top of the bestseller list. I was enthralled by the lists of trivia (the laws of rugby, the history of artillery) and by step-by-step instructions on everything from skinning a rabbit to making a tree house. But my own sons were unimpressed—at least until their friends went off line. I'll encourage them to take another look. As the authors comment: "In the long run it's a lot safer than having them grow fat and irritable in front of the TV."


A criticism usually found in Psychology textbooks and manuals is that Behavior Analysis would not be able to explain complex psychological phenomena. These would be better approached by cognitivist explanations based on mechanisms internal to the organism. This study aims to discuss the relevance of this criticism in light of examples gathered from behavior-analytic literature. By analyzing researches about the formation of "self", "insight" and language, we argue that "complexity" was imported to behavior-analytic laboratories as well as it flourished in numerous fields of research of radical behaviorism tradition. Additionally, five meanings of "complexity" extracted from the consulted literature are discussed. It is concluded that there is no useful meaning to this term and, for that reason, it can be abandoned as a criterion for classifying behaviors. As a consequence, "complex behavior" should be viewed only as "behavior" and nothing else.


According to the study and application of decolorization technology of waste lubricating oil,the theory of lubricant deterioration was analyzed. Dominant decolorization technology such as the adsorption method,hydro-treating,flocculation method were also analyzed and summarized. The efficiency of various decolorization technology of waste lubricating was evaluated by decolorization mechanism and specific application. Defect and problem of each decolorization technology were mentioned. The direction of further research and development of the decolorization technology of waste lubricating oil were also pointed out.


Economic data obtained from recreationists are an increasingly important component of natural resource management and decision making. A major methodological issue is deciding whether to collect this information through mail or telephone survey modes. This paper compares mail and phone surveys for collecting information about Colorado state park visitation, income, annual capital expenditures on outdoor equipment, and willingness-to-pay (WTP) marginal increases in daily/ annual park entrance fees. Previous research comparing mail and telephone surveys suggests the two modes may provide contrasting results because of (l) sample representation issues and (2) context issues. Sample issues can be further distinguished into sample frame or coverage bias(whether certain people in a population are not included in a sample frame because they are unreachable) and sample non-response bias (differences between respondents and non-respondents who were contacted with each survey mode, but refused to answer the survey or items in the survey). Either bias may be partially addressed by weighting responses by sociodemographic variables if those are known for a population. Considerable research has compared mail and phone surveys regarding context issues: the effect of survey type on how people interpret and answer questions. While a variety of effects and biases have been defined, three appear relevant to recreation economic information: social desirability and acquiescence, cognitive demand effects, and response order effects. Based on this research, social desirability effects appear to have the greatest potential to affect willingness-to-pay variables, while cognitive demand effects are more likely to affect recall variables such as expenditures or frequency of visitation. Results show that although the mail survey respondents had slightly higher incomes, the two survey modes provided statistically similar results for park visitation. When income differences were controlled, expenditure differences were also statistically similar. In contrast, mail respondents reported a lower willingness to pay for park entrance fees than phone respondents. These findings suggest greater social desirability influences with the phone survey for the willingness-to-pay variables, as well as greater levels of strategic responses with the mail survey. In contrast, minor differences between modes for expenditure and visitation variables indicate that cognitive demand effects are similar for these survey types. Results imply that choice of survey mode could have effects on willingness-to-pay information (phone surveys will show greater WTP).


Purpose – The paper's purpose is to present and empirically validate a learning model of participatory grassroots development among the poor and needy in Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approach – The approach used is conceptual modeling and its empirical validation for a case study of poor women's sewing project in an interior village of Chittagong, Bangladesh.Findings – A perpetual charity‐fund with endogenous values and productive transformation of the needy at the grassroots can prove to be an effective approach to socioeconomic development.Research limitations/implications – The empirical validation can be enhanced with more data being generated with experience in the women's sewing project in the near future.Practical implications – This is a policy‐oriented paper with practical ways and means‐test for implementation in development planning.Originality/value – A formal modeling of grassroots development premised on human resource development and perpetual charity‐fund for financing and their empirical...


Referring to the structure of the EURO currency basket, the central rate of Chinese Currency (CCU) Unit was simulated from 1992/Q1 to the 2007/Q2 by the weights based on the GDP per capital, the exports, and the net foreign reserve of the Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Mainland China. By comparing each of the Special Drawing Rights (SDR), EURO, and modified-SDR methods, it is adequate to apply Grey Relation, Fuzzy Neural Network, and ARIMAX-GARCH model to find out the key factors affecting CCU and performing a prediction analysis. According the grey relational analysis, we found that the better five variables performed well comparing with the worse five. The modified-SDR method is better than SDR and EURO methods to measure CCU. By analyzing the ARIMAX-GARCH model, the industry productive index, money supply growth rate, and trade factors significantly affect the CCU and its dynamic effect. Generally, the forecasting performance of ARIMAX-GARCH model is better than the neutral network.


The wind turbine is a device that is used to harness one of the most abundant renewable energy sources on the planet: wind. It works on the concept of converting wind kinetic energy to electrical energy. Wind turbines are becoming increasingly popular in today's globe since they provide numerous environmental benefits as well as the ability to create enough power for users. A wind turbine's main functioning principle is that it creates electricity when the wind blows. The wind turbine creates more power when the wind velocity is higher. However, regardless of wind speed variations, the goal of this article is to achieve a consistent or controlled output. The goal is to have a controlled output regardless of how quickly the wind blows. This idea is made possible with the help of a converter that is installed within the wind turbine and converts whatever input it receives into a steady, constant, or controlled output. Numerous tests and simulations back up the methods used for this project. The final results that meet the design specifications are compiled and displayed in figures throughout this publication.


Managers are one of numerous stakeholder groups for whom the chief executive officer (CEO) statement, published with the annual report and accounts, would have visual impact. Addresses components of traditional print design by measuring areas of interest (attracting initial attention) and retaining interest (dwell times). Eye movement data analysis reveals that employees spend similar amounts of time reading their CEO messages regardless of time available, content, design, status or corporate culture. Implications for print design and image for the learning organisation include a hypothesis that a self‐imposed three minute rule operates in this area of corporate communication.


The simulated annealing mechanism is introduced in the basic complex method for searching the minimum safety factor of slope.The calculation procedures are as follows:once when the reflection of the bad design point fails to find better design point in the process of search,the bad design point can be regarded as the initial design point for the searching of simulated annealing method,then the obtained optimum design should be used to replace the current bad design point to generate a new complex.This procedure should be repeated until the stop criterion is met.Applications show that the proposed method is effective in searching the minimum safety factor of complicated slope.


DC vaccine shows promise in late-stage ovarian cancer A personalized dendritic cell (DC) vaccine improved two-year survival in patients with ovarian cancer that recurred after previous platinum chemotherapy. The vaccine, which consists of autologous DCs primed in vitro with the patient's tumor lysate, was well tolerated and induced T-cell responses against tumor neoantigens. The clinical trial enrolled 25 patients. The vaccine was most effective when combined with the anti-VEGF MAb bevacizumab and chemotherapeutic cyclophosphamide. Ovarian cancer remains undiagnosed until it reaches late stage in the majority of cases. The 5-year survival is <20% for stage 4.


Up to one-third of the money invested in hedge funds comes from tax-exempt entities. However, the tax law prevents tax-exempt entities from investing directly or indirectly with borrowed money. This limitation prevents tax-exempt entities from investing in U.S. hedge funds, and instead forces them to invest through tax havens. Tax-exempt entities are not the only investors using tax havens, however. U.S. taxpayers use tax havens to shave an estimated $40 billion to $70 billion off of their collective tax bills annually. Congress never intended to force tax-exempts to invest through tax havens; that is an unintended consequence of Congress's shutting down transactions in which taxpayers used tax-exempt entities' exemptions to reduce their own taxes. The avenue Congress chose - the unrelated debt-financed income rules - failed to effectively combat the abuse, however, and today serve primarily to distort the investment decisions of tax-exempt entities. In order to allow Congress to effectively combat the abuse of tax havens, as well as to allow tax-exempt entities to make better investment decisions, the unrelated debt-financed income rules should be repealed and their putative policing of tax-exempt entities' behavior should be replaced by expanding the tax shelter rules. The tax shelter rules would be more effective at preventing abusive behavior and at allowing tax-exempt entities to participate in non-abusive economic transactions.


The dialog problems in education are discussed. The regulations dialog, question versions and reports of participant with each other are suggested.


Recently, the Pennsylvania State University Press presented eighteenthcentury scholars with two volumes that will contribute to their understanding of French people, culture, and institutions in the Age of Enlightenment. The first to appear, Visions and Revisions of Eighteenth-Century France, consists of eight essays of varying length (9 to 45 pages) divided into three parts: "The Social World of the Ancien Regime," "The Political Culture of Eighteenth-Century France," and "Conceptions of the Public Sphere in Eighteenth-Century France." The second, Panorama of Paris, includes English translations of 100 of the 1050 articles published between 1781 and 1789 by that sharp observer of Paris and its inhabitants, Mercier. Together, these volumes cover a wide range of topics and offer a broad perspective on the French, especially Parisians, as they went about their daily lives—both public and private.


River ecosystem is spatiotemporally dynamic under frequent and intensive geomorphic disturbances, characterized by its fiuctuating habitat availability The species inhabiting there adapt themselves to the shifting habitat by developing various life-history strategies. In regulated rivers, howeveg suppressed disturbance and habitat dynamics threaten the disturbance-dependent communities. The recognition of important geomorphic perspectives is still in its infancy in conservation of river ecosystems in Japan. Riparian tree species have developed lifehistory strategies to increase the likelihood of arriving regeneration sites, where disturbance regimes are closely linked to the spatial and temporal availability of regeneration sites. River damming and channel modification severely diminish the critical function of geomorphic disturbance sustaining habitat diversity and abundance. Channel migration ceases in fiow-regulated rivers, which may ternporarily prornote expansion ef pioneer fbrest in the active channels. Howeve4 new geomorphic surfaces suitable for establishment of seedlings are no longer created because of altered peak flows and sediment supplM thereby threatening the recruitment opportunity and ultimate survival of their populations. Suppression of geornorphic disturbance also leads to the degradation of in-stream fauna. Channel straightening particularly simplifies geomorphic features of a river reach and diminishes longitudinal and lateral habitat diversity in its active channel. Fleod control reduces inundation habitat and disrupts hydrologic onnectivity between floodplain habitats (e.g., backwater and oxbow lakes), impacting fish and benthic invertebrates that require those habitats in their various life stages. A channel re-meandering experirnent in the Shibetsu Rive; Hokkaido, demonstrates that the recovery of 2005 ieP 8 H 25 H ftN-, 2oo5 fi! 11 n 17 Hemp i aichire)<7tc\Eee\MnF+ptsseempece#emwt i Department of Fbrest Science, Graduate School of Nishi9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8ss9, Japan. 2 JLil・1・1;*l\l[1#ffXtzecnjgKntX[SPe 2 faculty of Engineering, Kyushu UniversitM 6-10-1, Japan, 3 kEvaxtzaTtikMFP3-5-14 3 3-5-14, Hatanaka, Niiza, 352-OO12, Japan. Agriculture, Hokkaido UniversitM Kita9, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, The Japanese Geomorphological Union NII-Electronic Library Service he apanese eomorphologi al nion 42 中村太士 ・中野大助 ・河 口洋 一 ・稲原知美 geomorphic dynamics can play signi丘cant roles in restoration of river ecosystems . Meandering reaches develop shallow edge habitat with low hydraulic stress along the inside of a convex , providing stable substrate fbr macroinvertebrate communities . Fallen trees provided by lateral erosion also promote macroinvertebrate colonization and become in−stream covers for fish communities . Geoecology in Japan as well as Europe and U .S. has Iong focused on vegetation pattern in alpine regions and has unexplored terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in the vicinity of human activities . Knowledge in habitat dynamics and geomorphic processes is vital to ecosystem conservation and restoration . We believe that participation of geomorphologists is essential in hlture development of conservation and restoration strategies .


In the Franck–Hertz experiment one observes the effect of inelastic collisions in which fixed quanta of energy are exchanged between electrons and atoms. It is shown here that one can also readily demonstrate with a Franck–Hertz apparatus energy‐dependent features of the elastic collision cross section. For mercury vapor of sufficiently high pressure, elastic electron–atom collisions between the grid and the anode are able to energy analyze the electrons so that the characteristic peaks and troughs in the anode current are still observed without the traditional retarding field to separate off the lowest‐energy electrons. This is because in mercury vapor the most energetic electrons have the longest mean free path, are more penetrating through the gas, and are the most likely electrons to reach the anode. The electron transport theory for this effect is developed and applied to a crude determination of the electron energy distribution. Not surprisingly, the electron energy distribution in this experiment c...


Abstract : Taylor and Yates have measured atmospheric absorption in the infrared over long horizontal paths. They published thirteen spectra which covered four path lengths from 0.3 to 27.7 kilometers and seven water vapor concentrations from 0.10 to 2.3 pr cm/km. This report describes a method to fit their spectra to a model in the 3- to 5-micrometer interval. With this method, particulate scattering coefficients, band parameters of the Goody model for H2O absorption and band parameters for the combined absorption of all other molecular species were extracted.


Ball bearings are perhaps the most widely used machine elements and a lot of important and expensive mechanic systems are based on them. Thus, it is necessary to establish a method to detect faults in order to keep the systems running properly. Fault identification of rolling element bearings employing condition monitoring techniques has been the subject of extensive research for the last two decades. Vibration signals of machines provide the dynamic information of the machine condition taking into account the fact that whenever the rolling element encounters a defect, a short duration impulse is generated. These signals are very useful for fault diagnosis. In this paper, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is initially employed for an first comparison between healthy and defective bearings. Then, the main signal analysis is performed using the Wavelet Transform Method (WTM) which proves very effective in problems of this type.


PurposeThe paper sought to uncover the conditions under which managerial capability enhances performance while considering the role of social capital within the unique boundary conditions created by competitive intensity.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use multi-source data from 206 managers and owners of SMEs from a Sub-Saharan African nation – Ghana.FindingsUsing structural equation modeling (SEM) to analysis the data, the findings revealed that social capital serves as a mechanism through which managerial capability influences performance. Furthermore, the results indicate that competitive intensity does not significantly moderate this important indirect relationship. Implications: This study provides relevant knowledge for scholars, practitioners and policymakers on the role of managerial capability and how it may be harnessed in enhancing performance.Originality/valueThis paper provides a holistic understanding of the capability performance relationship in attempts at extending the literature by examining social capital as a mediator and competitive intensity as a contingent factor of this important relationship in a conditional indirect model.


Next‐generation sequencing has shed light on the diagnosis of previously unsolved cases of inherited haemolytic anaemia (IHA). We employed whole‐exome sequencing to explore the molecular diagnostic spectrum of 21 unrelated Thai paediatric patients with non‐thalassemic IHA, presenting hydrops fetalis and/or becoming transfusion‐dependent for 1 year or more or throughout their lifespan. Anaemia was detected prenatally, within the first month and the fifth year of life in three, 12 and six patients respectively. Molecular diagnosis obtained from all patients revealed SPTB as the most frequently mutated gene (four reported, three novel), found in 31 of 42 studied alleles. The other two mutated genes identified were ANK1 (three novel) and KLF1 (two reported). Four recurring mutations within exon 29/30 (NM_001024858.2) accounted for the vast majority (90%) of mutated SPTB alleles, biallelic inheritance of which resulted in the most severe phenotypes: hydrops fetalis and life‐long transfusion dependency. Dominant ANK1 (n = 3) and SPTB (n = 2) mutations and biallelic class 2 KLF1 mutations (n = 1) led to a shorter period of transfusion dependency. Our study demonstrated that mutated SPTB causing red‐cell membranopathy is likely the most common cause of severe non‐thalassemic IHA among Thai patients. This urges carrier screening in the population to prevent subsequent, severely affected births.


Abstract A one-layer model of the atmospheric boundary layer (BL) is proposed to explain the nature of lee-wave attenuation and gravity wave absorption seen in numerical simulations. Two complex coefficients are defined: the compliance coefficient and the wave reflection coefficient. A real-valued ratio of reflected to incident wave energy is also useful. The key result is that, due to horizontal friction, the wind response in the BL is shifted upstream compared to the phase of disturbances in the free atmosphere. The associated flow divergence modulates the thickness of the BL so that it partially absorbs incident gravity waves. A simple expression is derived relating the reflection coefficient to the attenuation and wavelength shift of trapped lee waves. Results agree qualitatively with the numerical simulations, including the effects of increased surface roughness and heat flux.


Active contour models are widely used in extracting object boundaries. However, most of these methods usually fail to capture concave boundaries properly and impose high computational cost. In this paper, a new SOM-based active contour model which introduces the Conscience and Archiving mechanisms (CASOM) is proposed to extend the Batch SOM method and eliminate its deficiencies. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated by some experiments on a set of grayscale images. Experimental results are compared with those of the BSOM in terms of accuracy and convergence speed. The results reveal that compared to BSOM, the proposed method requires less computations for converging to the object boundaries and extracts the boundaries of complex objects more accurately, even in the presence of weak or broken edges.


Abstract

 A. serpentina is a pest of various cultivated species of Sapotaceae, especially caimito [Chrysophyllum cainito], sapodilla [Manilkara zapota], and sapote [Capparis angulata], and it occasionally attacks a variety of other hosts, including Citrus spp. It is a widespread species in the American tropics, occurring from Mexico to Argentina. It has been intercepted and trapped in the USA (Florida, California) and other countries outside its range indicating its potential for spread via infested fruits.


In this paper, the new concept of quasi-prime ideal is introduced which at the same time generalizes the `prime ideal' and `primary ideal' notions. Then a natural topology on the set of quasi-prime ideals of a ring is introduced which generalizes the Zariski topology. The basic properties of the quasi-prime spectrum are studied and several interesting results are obtained. Specially, it is proved that if the Grothendieck t-functor is applied on the quasi-prime spectrum then the prime spectrum is deduced. It is also shown that there are the cases that the prime spectrum and quasi-prime spectrum do not behave similarly.


This paper presents a quantitative analysis of the Wien bridge oscillator based on a piecewise-linear approximation of the op-amp characteristic. Usually the circuit parameters are chosen in such a way that the linearized circuit has a pair of complex conjugate natural frequencies which lie slightly to the right of the jw-axis. the frequency of oscillation is assumed to coincide with the value jω0 at which the poles cross the jω-axis. However, this simplified approach is unable to predict the true frequency of oscillation and the amount of distortion. the aim of the present analysis is to determine the exact waveform, frequency and spectral content corresponding to the steady state behaviour. the phase plane is partitioned into three regions, in each of which the vector field is linear. the limit cycle corresponding to the steady state oscillation is reconstructed by using the Poincare map method. Expressions for the frequency of oscillation and the Fourier coefficients are given which depend on a critical parameter representing the voltage gain of the amplifier.


(On being informed that the "modern" foeťs duty is to be the "mouthfiece of the masses" and to write "proletarian verse") Our fathers sweated night and day To climb so high this tiresome way To the top top top the more fools they! Sit down shake shoes out rest a little The maps are burnt the guideposts brittle. Lie down we'll never reach the top. It's getting dark we'd like to stop. We'd like to roll but lack that part With which men will to stop or start. We need an outside hand's behest Then momentum does the rest. Give us but a little shove You'll be Leader throned above.


This technical note presents the computational foundations of an algorithm used to predict the creep behavior of material under stress. Given time-strain pairs of test data, the algorithm finds a best-fitting curve from a class of nonlinear models by using variable reduction and numerical searches. The numerical searches are proven to be monotonically convergent. The model class employs four components with matched derivatives to represent the traditional primary, secondary, and tertiary stages of creep. Algorithm output is a collection of parameters describing the curve from the model class that best represents strain as a function of time under constant stress and temperature. Since the output parameters characterize creep rate and creep stage demarcations, multiple samples of the same material under different stresses and temperatures can be used to model material creep rate as a function of temperature and/or stress. Several example fits to real metallurgical test data are provided.


Abstract In this paper, we mainly consider the singular k-Hessian equations S k  ( λ  ( D 2  u ) ) = h  ( x )  f  ( - u ) + g  ( | D  u | )   in  Ω S_{k}(\lambda(D^{2}u))=h(x)f(-u)+g(|Du|)\quad\text{in }\Omega and S k  ( λ  ( D 2  u ) ) = h  ( x )  f  ( - u )  ( 1 + g  ( | D  u | ) )   in  Ω S_{k}(\lambda(D^{2}u))=h(x)f(-u)(1+g(|Du|))\quad\text{in }\Omega with the Dirichlet boundary condition u = 0 {u=0} on ∂  Ω {\partial\Omega} , where Ω ⊂ ℝ N {\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{N}} ( N ≥ 2 {N\geq 2} ) is a strictly convex, bounded smooth domain. Using the method of upper and lower solutions and the Karamata regular variation theory, we get new criteria of the existence and asymptotic behavior of strictly convex solutions under different conditions imposed on h, f and g. This problem is more difficult to solve than the k-Hessian problem without gradient terms, and requires additional new conditions in the proof process.


The virtual coach is designed to guide power seat function users to use those functions safely and appropriately. The virtual coach can monitor user compliance with clinician prescriptions, and provide feedback to the user via reminders and alerts. An array of pressure, tilt, and IR sensors provides data to the virtual coach. The results from a user study are presented.


Detection of hidden messages in images, also known as image steganalysis, is of great significance to network information security. In this paper, we propose a fast and effective steganalytic technique based on statistical distributions of DCT coefficients which is aimed at two kinds of popular JSteg-like steganographic systems, sequential JSteg and random JSteg for JPEG images. Our approach can not only determine the existence of hidden messages in JPEG images reliably, but also estimate the amount of hidden messages exactly. Its advantages also include simplicity, computational efficiency and easy implementation of real-time detection. Experiment results show the superiority of our approach over other steganalytic techniques.


A voltage stabilizer in which the two stages of the Evans's circuit are used has been constructed with an output of from 3000 to 7000 V constant to from 0.2 to 0.5 V.


Why did Spain lose its grip in the New World?
 In a panic because of the French Revolution, especially after the execution of his fellow Bourbon regent, French king Louis XVI in 1793, Carlos IV of Spain joined other European monarchs in declaring war...


The application of machine learning principles in the photometric search of elusive astronomical objects has been a less-explored frontier of research. Here, we have used three methods, the neural network and two variants of k-nearest neighbour, to identify brown dwarf candidates using the photometric colours of known brown dwarfs. We initially check the efficiencies of these three classification techniques, both individually and collectively, on known objects. This is followed by their application to three regions in the sky, namely Hercules (2° × 2°), Serpens (9° × 4°), and Lyra (2° × 2°). Testing these algorithms on sets of objects that include known brown dwarfs show a high level of completeness. This includes the Hercules and Serpens regions where brown dwarfs have been detected. We use these methods to search and identify brown dwarf candidates towards the Lyra region. We infer that the collective method of classification, also known as ensemble classifier, is highly efficient in the identification of brown dwarf candidates.


Background Patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults may develop early loss of β-cell mass. They are often misdiagnosed as having type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This is because latent autoimmune diabetes in adults condition does share characteristics of both type 1 and T2DM. Aim To estimate the prevalence of unrecognized cases with glutamic acid decarboxylase auto-antibodies (GADA) among patients with T2DM in a sample of the Egyptian population, describing their clinical and laboratory features, and investigating the relationship with chronic complications of diabetes. Settings and design A total of 1515 Egyptian patients previously diagnosed as having T2DM were divided into two groups based on presence versus absence of GADA. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared. Patients and methods Patients were selectively admitted according to clear criteria after informed consent and approval of the Ethics Committee. Patients underwent comprehensive history taking and examination. Laboratory investigations included blood chemistry, C-peptide, and GADA. Statistical analysis Data were analyzed using SPSS. Results Overall, 12.8% of patients with T2DM were GADA positive, showing lower C-peptide levels (P < 0.001). GADA-positive patients with T2DM demonstrated a positive correlation of GADA levels with central obesity (r = 0.175; P = 0.015) and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.171; P = 0.018). Moreover, a negative correlation with cardiovascular diseases (r=−0.0175; P = 0.015) was observed. Conclusion Prevalence of GADA among patients with T2DM in the analyzed sample was 12.8%, which agrees with the findings in other populations. These patients had lower C-peptide levels. GADA measurements are recommended in patients with T2DM with low C-peptide levels, especially in newly diagnosed patients, to help identify positive cases and initiate early insulin treatment to help preserve β-cell function and decrease the risk of long-term complications.


It has been reported that early combustion in a spark-ignition engine determines the subsequent combustion. Also, the early combustion has a very strong correlation with cycle-to-cycle variability, which limits engine operating range. As such, accurate modeling of the early flame development is very important in accurate simulation of spark-ignition engine combustion. During the early flame development, the flame kernel, initiated by spark, grows initially at laminar flame speed. As the kernel grows, the flame surface wrinkles due to surface instability and interacts with the flow turbulence as the flame transitions from laminar to turbulent flame. In this study, a semi-empirical model is proposed to simulate the laminar-to-turbulent flame transition process during early spark-ignition combustion. A hyperbolic tangent function was used to emulate the laminar-to-turbulent flame speed transition process. The proposed transition function was evaluated during early flame kernel development for both Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes and large eddy simulation models against combustion analysis data from high-speed optical particle image velocimetry. Difference in Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes and large eddy simulation transition function was analyzed and discussed.


The article has research on why an old boiling-wate boiler has low force,and makes a plan in which the writer makes some measures in cluding making heated area became larger than before in according to practice.At the same time,the writer has had some calculation on new boiler heat and soot wind resistance,which supplies theory to new boiler development.It proves good that me use the theory in practice.


Abstract : Ti-6Al-4V alloy, 1-in. plate was studied for the purpose of establishing a correlation between microstructures and fracture toughness, stress-corrosion cracking, and fatigue crack growth. Both standard and ELI grades, mill-annealed, vacuum-creep-furnace flattened and recrystallization-annealed were included. Reheat-treatments by duplex-annealing and beta- plus duplex-annealing were performed, including air and furnace cooling from the final annealing temperature. A total of 17 conditions were studied, complementing the 49 conditions previously studied on two contracts to Naval Air Systems Command. Tensile, fracture toughness, stress-corrosion cracking, and fatigue crack growth properties were determined. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microfractography were employed. Six conditions studied previously were reexamined by transmission electron microscopy to investigate the effect of cooling rate on the interface phase between alpha and beta phases and on development of short-range order in the alpha phase.


Abstract Background Hypocalcemic tetany in young female patients is a clinical entity that is well-described in literature. Here we present a potentially life-threatening case of hypocalcemia secondary to severe Vitamin D deficiency and hyperemesis gravidarum mimicking thyroid storm. Case Presentation A 22-year-old Caucasian woman at 21 weeks gestation was transferred to our hospital for suspected thyroid storm with TSH <0.01 mIU/L (0.05-5.7). She had no history of nor risk factors for thyroid disease and presented with severe agitation, hallucinations, and muscle spasms after weeks of vomiting and poor oral intake. In the ambulance her temperature was 106.6F (rectal) and she was tachycardic (216/minute). EKG revealed ventricular arrhythmia with QTc 532 ms. EMS interventions included unsuccessful cardioversion with 100J and 300mg IV amiodarone bolus. In the ED, serum calcium level was 5.9 mmol/L (8.4-10.2), albumin 2.8 g/dL (3.3-4.5), magnesium 1.0 mmol/L (1.7-2.3), potassium 3.1 mmol/L (3.5-4.8), lactic acid 9.5 mmol/L (0.5-2.2), Free T4 1.36 ng/dL (0.58-1.65), troponin 2.21 ng/ml (0.00-0.03), β-hcg 48,775 mIU/ml, CK 9960 U/L (0-188), AST 171 U/L (8-34), ALT 45 (0-24). She received IV calcium gluconate, aggressive IV hydration and electrolyte repletion. Free T3 was drawn prior to initiating empiric thyroid storm treatment (hydrocortisone, propylthiouracil) returned at 3.8 pmol/L (2.5-3.9). Thyroid storm was further ruled out with negative antibodies for TPO and TSI and ultrasound revealing normal-sized gland without nodules and with normal vascularity. Hydrocortisone and Thionamide therapy were discontinued. The patient had rapid improvement in mentation and vitals with continued hydration and electrolyte repletion. 25-hydroxy-Vitamin D level was undetectable and PTH 118 pg/mL (12-88), consistent with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Celiac disease was ruled out with negative tissue transglutaminase IgA and IgG. At her follow-up clinic visit, symptoms had resolved with calcium and Vitamin D supplementation. Discussion Though a common phenomenon in pregnant women, metabolic derangements due to hyperemesis gravidarum can be quite severe and/or life-threatening, as in our case. Literature search revealed an isolated case of hyperemesis gravidarum presenting with severe electrolyte derangement and subsequent paraparesis which resolved after vitamin D and calcium supplementation. Hyperthyroidism is typically associated with hypercalcemia in the Western population. This patient's presenting features of hyperpyrexia, malignant cardiac arrhythmia, hepatitis, and altered mentation were reminiscent of thyroid storm and could easily be attributed to such in a pregnant patient with suppressed TSH. This could lead to continued use of thionamide and further hepatic damage. Thus, it is prudent to consider hypocalcemia in the differential diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis-like presentation, particularly in pregnant patients. Presentation: Saturday, June 11, 2022 1:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m.


Despite efforts to improve women's military representation, mid-career female officers attrit at twice the rate of male peers. Research and theory suggest women's turnover is influenced by family life including marriage and parenthood. But previous research has grouped women together, failing to extrapolate which factors influence retention of women with different family types. Thus, this study explored a single career point (mid-career) at different family intersections (married, unmarried, with, and without children) to elucidate work and family factors associated with female officers' retention decisions. Using 2011 Air Force survey data (n = 1,309), regression models tested four hypotheses regarding work and family factors associated with different subgroups' military life satisfaction and career intentions. Findings indicate that after accounting for satisfaction, work factors were insignificant for all subgroups, but family factors (as hypothesized) were significantly associated with married women's career intentions. Results suggest that policies targeting family support/satisfaction may improve retention.


The invention discloses a gel breaker suitable for a foam-like fracturing fluid, wherein the gel breaker is selected from one or both of iodate and bromate; the iodate is selected form one or more of potassium periodate, sodium periodate, potassium iodate and sodium iodate; and the bromate is selected from one or both of potassium bromate and sodium bromated. The gel breaker has beneficial effects that: the gel breaker has advantages of small usage amount, and rapid and thorough gel breaking. Under low temperature, a small amount of the gel breaker is added, rapid and thorough gel breaking for the fracturing fluid can be implemented, gel breaking time is short, gel breaking effect is good, and solves a gel breaking problem of the foam-like fracturing fluid.


Abstract Magnetic couplings possess no mechanical contact and permit higher assembly tolerance for transmitting torque from a primary driver to a follower by magnetic force. This paper investigates the effects of misalignment on the transmission characteristics of synchronous magnetic couplings. The misalignment can be categorized into the following three types: transverse, angular and a combination of these two misalignments. Without loss of generality, an axial synchronous magnetic coupling is adopted in the present because of its simplicity both in design and fabrication. The phenomenon and influence of shafts with assembly misalignment are described first. The mathematical model for the magnetic coupling with misalignment is then constructed for the purpose of deriving the equations governing the torque transmission and force interaction characteristics. The method of equivalent magnetic charge is employed to calculate the variations in the transmitted torque owing to each type of misalignment. Finally, a test apparatus is constructed for verifying the static and dynamic characteristics of the designed coupling under various misalignment conditions. Good agreement between numerical simulation and experimental results is obtained.


To obtain information on drinking patterns and its changing trends, and to reveal drinking pattern and risky drinking in relation to socioeconomic development in China.

 Data from the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey and the 2010–2012 Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance were used to describe the drinking patterns of Chinese aged 15 years and above. Stratified multistage cluster sampling methods were used to select nationally representative sample in the two surveys. Weighted analyses included 194,339 participants estimate 10 billion Chinese. Current drinkers defined as respondents who had consumed alcoholic beverages in the previous 12-month period. Drinking ≥5 times per week was considered as frequent drinking. Excessive drinking was defined as consumption of ≥25 g/d alcohol for men and ≥15 g/d alcohol for women.

 In 10-year period, the prevalence of current drinking increased from 44.0% (95%CI: 43.3–44.6) to 55.8% (95%CI: 51.6–58.5) for male, from 9.7% (95%CI: 9.3–10.1) to 13.5% (95%CI: 11.3–15.7) for female. Among current drinkers, prevalence of frequent drinking increased from 33.3% (95%CI: 32.4–34.3) to 35.5% (95%CI: 31.6–39.5) for male, from 13.4% (95%CI: 12.1–14.8) to 14.0% (95%CI: 11.3–16.6) for female. Median daily alcohol intake decreased from 14.8 g (95%CI: 14.2–15.4) to 11.4 g (95%CI: 8.9–13.9) for male and from 1.6 g (95%CI: 1.3–1.8) to 0.9 g (95%CI: 0.6–1.2) for female. Prevalence of excessive drinking among current drinkers decreased from 33.2% (95%CI: 32.3–34.0) to 30.4 (95%CI: 26.5–34.3). Education level showed significantly negative effect on the prevalence of excessive drinking. Female, drinkers with drinking frequency less than 1 time per week, and drinkers with high education or income level were more likely to choose wine. In contrast, male, frequent drinkers, and drinkers with low education or income level had higher proportion consume spirits.

 Increasing prevalence of current and frequent drinking, and high excessive drinking rate showed that culturally appropriate effort to reduce alcohol use in China is still necessary.

 National Health and Family Planning Commission (former Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China) Medical Reform Major Program: China Nutrition and Health Surveillance 2010–2012.


The extensive study of transmit antenna (TA) subset selection (TAS) in the context of spatial modulation (SM) has recently revealed that significant performance gains are attainable compared to SM systems operating without TAS. However, the existing TAS techniques conceived for SM were studied by considering a frequency-flat channel, which does not represent practical frequency-selective channels. In this paper, we address this open problem by designing TAS schemes for zero-padded single-carrier SM systems. Specifically, we employ a partial successive interference cancellation (SIC) receiver and invoke Euclidean distance based TA subset selection (ED-TAS) for each of the subchannels. Furthermore, we show using a theoretical analysis that the parallel subchannels obtained are nearly identical, which enables us to employ majority logic decision to obtain a single TA subset to be used in all the subchannels. The computational burden is additionally reduced by restricting the number of subchannels over which the ED-TAS technique is invoked. Furthermore, the proposed TAS schemes are extended to the multiuser scenario. The theoretical insights developed are validated using simulation results. Specifically, a signal-to-noise ratio gain as high as 3 dB is observed in the single user scenario and about 1 dB in case of a two-user scenario upon employing our TAS.


The Cathedral Area Historic District in Bismarck, North Dakota included the longest arterial street in the community, yet the street narrowed down to only 30 feet wide through the 100-year-old historic district. Beginning in the 1950s, the city made several attempts to upgrade infrastructure and improve traffic flow, only to be met with protests and legal challenges from the organized neighborhood. The result was a crumbling infrastructure and a narrow corridor so congested that emergency vehicles had to avoid the route. Arguments, for and against widening the arterial street, were frequently debated in local news media for many years. The city decided a new approach was needed. Rather than merely planning for the next street improvement project, the city began a dialogue with neighborhood representatives. Not a dialogue about what the city would like to include in an improvement project, but a dialogue about whether there could ever be ANY kind of improvement. Within the following year, the new approach yielded a neighborhood consensus regarding improvements to the Washington Street corridor, and potentially throughout the rest of the Cathedral Historic District. Developing a partnership with the neighborhood was the first step, with the next hurdle being the State Historic Preservation Office, and then reaching consensus with the divided community. The resulting project preserved, and even celebrated the Historic District's sense of place while providing a meaningful improvement in traffic flow. The public input process included open invitations for anyone to join the neighborhood stakeholder advisory committee (SAC) meetings. A series of four public input meetings, four SAC meetings, interactive community web survey, and a two-day design charette were all conducted within a three month time frame to continually build on the energy and enthusiasm of everyone involved. This project development approach provided valuable lessons in public outreach, context sensitive design, traffic calming, and the importance of listening with sincerity and following-up with commitment.


Abstract: Back-haul problems occur in many areas of transportation. One way rental of equipment often takes it from an area of high demand to an area of low demand. Examples include container rentals, car rentals and other cases of mobile equipment. The problem is to return the equipment to the location of need. Typically this is viewed as an administrative and scheduling problem. The approach taken here is "decentralized" in which a specially designed market organizes competition and information to minimize the cost of back-hauls without the direct intervention of administrative negotiations or command-and-control types of scheduling. Laboratory experimental methods are employed to test the concept and explore its limitations.


Many young Somali refugees experience long premigration waits and a pourly delimitated transition period before reaching their final distination. During with difficult period, a myth of departure is collectively constructed and serves as a mobilizing dream that orients individual strategies. This substitution of "dream travel" for real travel during the transition period may cause Somali youths to lose contact with reality and to slide into madness. The authors' approach is based on three assumptions: a) that pastoralism predisposes the Somali to value travel as a way of maturing; b) that age-based peer groups created special migratory dynamics, and c) that an ethic of solidarity involves many people in the adventure of a migrant youth. When trapped in an indefinite transition, young men share qaat-chewing sessions during which they relate success stories and dreams of leaving. Many grow frustrated with the delay, and if their departure plans fall through, the dream trip often becomes dream madness. Actual cases illustrate how some young Somali get lost in their dreams. Data were collected in the Horn of Africa and in Canada.


The beat wave excitation process is examined analytically in the Eulerian fluid description. The effects of plasma drifts, harmonics, pump rise time, frequency mismatch, phenomenological damping, plasma inhomogeneities, and two dimensions are discussed. The consistency between the Eulerian and Lagrangian fluid descriptions is verified.


Earthquake risk is a vast issue triggering the urbanization of Istanbul. Plans and laws, conceived as sociotechnical tools that play a key role in this process, combine scientific facts and recommendations for the city. This article discusses the production of scientific facts and their inclusion into planning tools to define earthquake risk in Istanbul. Grounded on the Actor-Network Theory (ANT), our methodology follows the statements of scientists in journal articles, supplemented with semi-directed interviews with geologists and geophysicists. On this basis, the article shows the circulation of statements and scientific facts until they get selected to be included in sociotechnical tools with which the city is performed.


The quickly development in zhejiang causing the large-scale growing of electricity consumption ,this bring tiptop chance for Privately Owned Small Water-power Station. But chance and risk is side-by-side,because the capital in Privately Owned Small Water-power Station is from Private, exist different grade Finance Risk. if you don't pay attention to finance risk,Privately Owned Small Water-power Station is probably confronted with predicament.The article proceed with Finance Risk, and point out the Risk Management measure and method,in order to raise Privately Owned Small Water-power Station vital force.


Management of seed borne root and foot rot diseases of pea (Pisum sativum L.) through a seed treatment with Raxil extra (a.i. tebuconazole 15 g l-1 and thiram 500 g l-1) at a dose of 2.0 l t-1 and Kinto (a.i. triticonazole 20 g l-1 and prochloraz 60 g l-1) at a dose of 1.5 l t-1 was investigated during 2008–2010 under different soil and climatic conditions in two sites: 1) on a Cambisol (CM) in Central Lithuania, in Dotnuva, and 2) on a Luvisol (LV) in the south-east part of the country, in Perloja, and in a laboratory test. The commercial seed of semi-leafless cv. 'Pinochio' was used. High infestation of pea seeds by causal agents of seed borne foot and root rots, reduction of seed germination and considerable infection transmission from seed to seedling were determined. Fungicide seed treatment markedly decreased seed borne infection of seedlings' hypocotyls and rootlets and improved germination. In the field conditions, pea root and foot rot infestation varied between the sites mostly depending on soil moisture status, while the soil type is likely to have had little effect. Seed treatment gave a significant reduction in root and foot rot infection until flowering stage in both experimental sites. The area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) in the plots sown with fungicide-treated seed was significantly lower compared with the untreated in both sites. No consistent pea grain yield and thousand grain weight (TGW) increase resulting from chemical seed treatment was obtained.


The technology of laser sintering is introduced. Based on the researching of laser heating property, power thermal physics parameters, as well as laser sintering process, a numerical model of the temperature field during length- alterable line-scanning laser sintering of polymer-coated metal powder has been constructed. The calculations of numerical model have been finished by the using of Finite Element Method (FEM). The temperature field during laser sintering was measured to verify the calculated results. Experimental results show well conformity between them.


The contemporary college,which is a subordinate system of the opening higher education system,needs to develop the favorable outside public relations,receive the comprehension,care,aegis and cooperation,build a perfect outside environment and condition for the existence and development of the college.The college must construct a tight and expedite public network,the friendly and interdependent symbiosis with some very important outside publics,such as governments and education administration departments,news and media,corporations,schoolfellows,all are the necessary conditions and guarantee of the existence and development of the contemporary college.


This paper describes the method to test the bearing load and check the swing of shaft neck while installing 600MW turbogenerator and brushless excitor in the power plant.This new approach is very effective to ensure the reliable operatoin of the units.


for all k ∈ I. We are interested in the following question: if f is a classical modular form of weight k, when does there exist Φ ∈ W [[Zp ]][[q]] such that f = ∑ k̂(an)q ? This is partially answered by Hida in his "Vertical Control Theorems". Let's talk a bit about modular forms. Let A be a Z[ 6 ]-algebra. We denote by (E,ω)/A an elliptic curve E/A together with a nowhere vanishing differential form ω. Consider the functor P1 : Sch/Z[ 1 6 ] → Sets taking S to [(E,ω)/S]. We claim this can be represented by some scheme.


Objective To compare two types of intervention intended to reduce weight in obese children that can be carried out in the family paediatricians (FPs) office.

Design Controlled prospective study with randomization of FPs into two different treatment groups: routine approach (group A) and enhanced approach (group B).

Settings FPs of certain ASL (Local Health Units) in Lombardy (Northern Italy).

Subjects Obese children (excess weight (≥20% of ideal body weight), aged 3–12 years.

Main outcome measures (1) Variation in percentage overweight; (2) behavioural modifications and (3) adherence to follow-up visits, which was also used as an indicator for FP's commitment.

Results A total of 18 of the 139 (13%) FPs contacted agreed to participate in the study and enrolled 186 children, 114 in group A and 72 in group B. Compared with starting values, a reduction in percentage overweight was observed in both groups. This reduction was significantly higher in group B (–8.8% at 6 months; –8.5% at 12 months) than in group A (–2.9% at 6 months; –2.9% at 12 months). In group B, the observed reduction in weight was associated with the changes in dietary behaviour and with the level of parental involvement. No significant variations in physical activity, computer or television use were noted within each group from 0 to 12 months and between groups at these times. The attendance of children at the 12-month follow-up visit was 70.2% (80/114) in group A and 69.4% (50/72) in group B; however, these values varied considerably when individual FP were considered.

Conclusions This study indicates that FPs who maintain a positive, long-lasting, active contact with obese children and their families can significantly enhance the child's ability to lose weight.


This paper aims at precision position control of the X-Y table of a computerized numeric control (CNC) machining center at velocity reversal. The characteristics of presliding friction are analyzed, and a simple and effective method is proposed to compensate the friction on the basis of these characteristics. A large position tracking error occurs at velocity reversal due to the sudden transition of friction between presliding regime and sliding regime. This paper investigates the transition time to reduce the tracking error, and derives a relationship between the transition time and the acceleration at zero velocity. This paper also proposes a method of estimating the transition time using this relationship, without having to measure velocity. Experimental observations confirm this correlation holds over a large dynamic range. In addition to friction, there is a large change in a torsional displacement at velocity reversal in a two-inertia system with finite stiffness like an X-Y table linked to a motor through a ballscrew. The proposed friction compensation scheme can be easily incorporated with the compensation method for torsional displacement to achieve good tracking performance. The experimental results are described to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Within factories, the transportation of components and of assembled parts to and from storage is very important. This paper presents an original idea of such transportation by means of two-rail electrical vehicles. The digital sensors and controllers can be connected into a wider digital network in order to ensure automation, efficiency and safety of the vehicles. The computerized central command station can learn the behaviour of the manufacturing chain and adapt the system operation parameters accordingly. The digital sensor and controller has two functions: it signals the presence of the vehicle in its controlled rail block, and it stops the vehicle if the block ahead is occupied or the operator issued a "stop" command, or lets it pass through if the block ahead is clear and the operator does not need it there. The vehicles are fitted with electrical motors which drive their wheels, and they collect low-voltage electricity from the two metal rails by means of wheel pick-up contacts. This system can be implemented in small or medium-size factories, and it can be extended and/or upgraded according to necessities. Due to the resemblance with the miniature railway systems, this idea can also be used in this field of activity.


A number of articles and patents dealing with the properties and design of phase splitting networks, particularly in conjunction with single sideband modulators, have been published in the last few years. However, all of them have been restricted either to particular methods of design or to a particular number of design parameters. The present paper gives the results of a general investigation of phase splitting networks, dealing separately with network analysis, network synthesis and performance curve approximation problems. For the most important types of curve approximation, Taylor and Tchebycheff approximations, explicit formulas for any number of design parameters and for any required closeness of approximation are stated. Alternatives to the classical all-pass lattice network are given, and dissipation compensated phase shift networks are developed. In this way, clear and comparatively simple design instructions for simple as well as for difficult specifications for phase splitting networks are obtained. Furthermore, it is believed that some of the theoretical results obtained and methods developed, e.g., the Taylor and Tchebycheff approximations, the method of obtaining dissipation compensation, one of the methods of network synthesis, and the representation of approximating curves as iterated functions of two variables, with fractional index of iteration, are novel and of general theoretical interest.


This paper presents an approach for detecting human faces in digital images. Two different techniques are combined and used to accomplish the face detection task. First of all, Wavelet Transforms are applied in the input image in order to extract particular features that are detected by a locally connected Multilayer Perceptron network.


Modern interpretations of John Keats's The Eve of St. Agnes have been dominated by the dichotomy between the "idealist reading," which regards the sexual union between Porphyro and Madeline as a fulfilment of Romantic love and imagination that prevails over social restrictions, and the "sceptical reading," which considers such a union a potential rape of Madeline by Porphyro. In a departure from the preceding research, this paper focuses on Keats's synthesis of the religious and the erotic and proposes that he construes religious sacredness as a unique experience of eroticism in both Christian and non-Christian contexts. First, the ritual of St. Agnes's Eve signifies Keats's eroticisation of Christian images, which reincorporates sexual desire into the concepts of resurrection and the second coming of Jesus. By doing so, Keats looks forward to a divine intimacy of sexual vitality, in contrast to the weak and sterile state represented by the Beadsman's asceticism. Second, with pagan images such as Merlin, the mermaid, and Medusa, Keats complicates the interaction between Madeline and Porphyro by dissolving the oft-assumed power relationship between them. The Eve of St. Agnes shows a unique aspect of Keats's idea of sacred experience, which is essentially sensual and erotic, and offers an alternative angle to approach the poet's understanding of religion and its connection to poetic creation.


[Ehlers et al. (1992)][1] proposed the possibility that, at normal magmatic temperatures and low oxygen fugacities (~IW), a significant proportion of Ni in the silicate liquid existed in the zero-valent state, i.e. metallic Ni. Subsequently, [Colson (1992)][2] performed Ni solubility experiments in


limiting their ability to serve as intermediary institutions to "foster democratic accountability...and link the public with political participation" (p.19). According to the authors, weakened party organizations have, in turn, contributed to lower political participation, greater extremism among the partisans who participate in nominations, less control of candidates by party elites, greater control of campaigns by campaign professionals and candidates, and ultimately accelerated ideological and political polarisation amongst political elites and in the general public. However, the research on which the authors rely to make these arguments is sometimes speculative, incomplete, and ultimately paints a picture of the effects of primaries that does not entirely fit with the existing research on the subject. While it is possible that that primaries may have caused a decrease in turnout indirectly by hastening the decline of party patronage and encouraging parties refocusing on policy issues (McGerr 1988), the direct link is not entirely clear and existing scholarship also suggests that primaries were enacted, in part, because the convention system could not adequately handle the increased participation in party politics (Reynolds 2006). In addition, there is less support for many of the other claims. There is not any good evidence that partisans who participate in primaries are more extreme than the partisans who participate in general elections or who abstain from voting (Sides et al., 2018). Nor is there strong evidence that the implementation of primaries increased ideological extremity in Congress (Hirano et al., 2010). Nor, even, is there clear evidence that party elites have less control over the nomination process as a result of the implementation of primaries (Hassell 2018; Masket 2016). In short, while the book makes a number of strong claims about the negative consequences of primary elections, the evidence on which it relies is often speculative, lacking the support of academic scholarship, and is at best onesided and incomplete. Overall, however, the book provides an excellent introduction to the progressive movement and the role that it played in the implementation of primary elections, but provides an incomplete depiction of the consequences of primary elections on the body politic. Given the increased attention to presidential primaries and their effects on nominations in recent years, the book should be of interest to those interested in getting a bird's eye view of the research on the origins of the primary and a particular side of the argument of why primaries could be detrimental.


For the relocatable over the horizon radar (ROTHR) counter-drug radar system accurate knowledge of target position is an important part of the detection and interdiction of drug smuggling aircraft. An improvement in the radar's target track positional accuracy has been obtained by using external reference sources at known locations in the radar coverage area. Tracks formed on these reference sources provide position corrections that are applied to targets for removal of common bias errors due to ionospheric modeling uncertainties. Results from a 1993 R&D study show that such corrections must be applied independently for each propagation mode comprising a track in order to achieve the most improvement in positional accuracy. Additional data taken in 1996 has enabled investigations into the relationship between target distance from the reference source and the amount of positional improvement obtained by correcting a target.


Optimal design parameters are developed and two working models are assembled to demonstrate the fea.sihility of transmitting fission-gas pressures generated in LMFBR-type fuel pins via a miniature, NaK-filled bellows-capillary tube to a strain-gauge transducer located outside the core environment. The key problem is obtaining a voidless fill. Both models were readily assembled, using commercially available components. The first model featured a 5/8-in.-OD stainless steel bellows welded to a 1/8-in.-OD, 1 16-in.-ID stainless steel capillary tube, 24 ft long, which, in turn, was welded to a strain-gauge transducer. After filling with NaK, the transducer system was calibrated and then operated continuously for three months at 12000F. During this period, the "sensing" end of the bellows was exposed to 120 pressure cycles (0-100 psig) without malfunction. Comparison of transducer outputs with precision-gauge readouts on the pressurizing chamber indicated a system accuracy of +1/3% and a time response of 1 sec. The second model Was an attempt toward the ideal system. For immediate purposes, a nickel bellows of 1/8-in. OD was procured and similarly interconnected with a 0.020-in.-ID stainless steel capillary tube. Several cleaning and filling procedures were required before the slightest compression of the bellows resulted in essentially full deflection of the transducer diaphragm, indicative of a voidless fill. Bellows failure due to nickel embrittlement precluded system calibration. It is concluded that, with improvements in filling techniques, a commercially available stainless steel bellows of 0.220-in. OD coupled to a capillary tube of 0.012-in. ID would satisfy criteria established for LMFBR fission-gas pressure sensors.