Introduction
 A matched "tumor" and germline sample is required to unambiguously identify somatically acquired mutations in the blood or bone marrow of patients with hematologic malignancies or clonal hematopoiesis, particularly when variants of unknown significance (VUS) with a variant allele frequency (VAF) approximating 50% are encountered. Our goal was to identify sample sources for matched blood and germline samples to fit the following criteria: 1) non-invasive, 2) amenable to home collection by participants, and 3) stable at room temperature for an extended period. We hypothesized that saliva, comprised of mainly white blood cells as the DNA source, is a viable alternative to blood for identifying somatic hematopoietic mutations and that nail clippings provide adequate DNA devoid of contamination from blood cells to serve as a germline sample. To test this, a targeted NGS myeloid panel was performed on concurrently collected blood, saliva, and nail samples from patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) or other clonal disorders.
 Methods
 Peripheral blood was collected in EDTA tubes, aliquoted into microcentrifuge tubes, and stored at -80°C until use. Saliva was collected using a DNA/RNA shield saliva collection kit (Zymo) and stored at -80°C until use. Fingernail or toenails were clipped into a plastic bag and stored at room temperature until use. For isolation of DNA from blood the DSP DNA Blood mini kit (QIAGEN) was used. For saliva and nails, the QIAmp DNA Investigator kit (QIAGEN) was used. After DNA quantification targeted NGS libraries were prepared from 100ng of DNA per sample using the ArcherDX VariantPlex Myeloid (SK0123) workflow. The resulting libraries were sequenced on an Illumina NextSeq500 instrument using v2 chemistry (Illumina, San Diego, CA), obtaining at least 4 millionreads per sample. The FASTQ data files were analyzed on ArcherDX Suite Analysis software (v.5.1.7) to identify SNPs, Indels, structural rearrangements, and Copy Number Variations.
 Results
 First, to test if nail clippings are a feasible source of germline DNA, we performed a targeted NGS myeloid panel on paired blood and nail from a patient with Polycythemia Vera (Patient #1). Clippings from approximately five nails was sufficient to yield 100ng of DNA. JAK2 V617F was detected at a low VAF in his nail sample (4% in nail vs 23% in blood), suggesting the presence of blood contamination. On subsequent samples, nail clippings were rinsed with water prior to DNA purification, and no MPN driver mutations were detected in washed nails (Patients #2-5). However, since processing of nails for DNA purification is time consuming and laborious, and the DNA yield from nails is quite limited, we are investigating alternative non-invasive sources for germline samples including nasal swabs.
 Sequencing of matched blood and saliva was performed from patients with all three MPN driver mutations, and in a patient with Clonal Cytopenia of Undetermined Significance (CCUS). All somatic mutations identified in the blood were also seen in the saliva, almost all had identical VAFs from both sample sources, even with VAFs as low as 3%.
 Conclusion
 Nail clippings are a feasible source for germline DNA in patients with hematologic malignancies and clonal hematopoiesis. Saliva is equivalent to peripheral blood for identifying somatic mutations in hematopoietic cells. These methods of sample collection are non-invasive, amenable to in home collection, and are temperature stable. Collection of saliva and nails could be easily utilized for remotely administered studies by mailing collection kits to participants, thus avoiding the cost and labor of a blood draw.
 Figure 1 Figure 1.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


We report a comprehensive evaluation of junctionless (JL) vs. conventional inversion-mode (IM) gate-all-around (GAA) nanowire FETs (NWFETs) with the same lateral (L) configuration. Lower IOFF values and excellent electrostatics can be obtained with optimized NW doping for a given JL NW size (WNW≤25nm, HNW~22nm), with increased doping enabling ION improvement without IOFF penalty for WNW ≤10nm. These devices also appear as a viable option for analog/RF, showing similar speed and voltage gain, and reduced LF noise as compared to IM NWFETs. VT mismatch performance shows higher AVT with increased NW doping for JL NMOS, with less impact seen for PMOS and at smaller NWs. The JL concept is also demonstrated in vertical (V) GAA-NWFETs with in-situ doped Si epi NW pillars (dNW≥20-30nm), integrated on the same 300mm Si platform as lateral devices. Low IOFF, IG, and good electrostatics are achieved over a wide range of VNW arrays. Lastly, a novel SRAM design is proposed, taking advantage of the JL process simplicity, by vertically stacking two VNWFETs (n/n or p/p) to reduce SRAM area per bit by 39%.


The aging of the population in recent years has been paid a lot of attention of the whole society. Institutions pension mode can not only reduce the pressure of young people to take care of the elderly,but also help old man communicate with the peer group and establish a social support network. It has positive significance for the mental health of elderly people. From the point of view of CRM,the pension institution management has its own characteristics. Based on CRM,the establishment of performance appraisal system and the improvement of satisfaction have strong practical significance for improving the elders' satisfaction and enhancing the management level of pension institutions.


A webcam is proposed as the detector in a flow system with multicommutation, and the feasibility of the approach is demonstrated in the determination of nitrate and nitrite in natural waters. The typical transient signal inherent to the flow system was obtained using a digital video and quantified by ImageJ software. The linear dynamics range for nitrite and nitrate determinations were 0.2 to 2.0 mg L-1 NO2− and 1.0 to 10.0 mg L-1 NO3−, with relative standard deviation < 2% for both analytes. The limits of detection were 0.01 and 0.04 mg L-1 for nitrite for nitrate, respectively, and the sampling rate were 80 and 103 h-1 for nitrite and nitrate, respectively. The use of webcams has a high potential for analysis in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum, and the proposed strategy constitutes a promising alternative to traditional absorbance measurements that depend on conventional equipment. The webcam detection system is attractive, especially in relation to field analysis.


The purpose of this study is to examine what extent of disclosure segmental reporting after IFRS convergence in Indonesia. The great value of this study is highlighted by the effort to empirically investigate the beginning impact of segmental disclosure standard to segment number. Descriptive analysis was used to describe changes of  Line Of Business (LOB) segment, geographical segment, level of specificity number. The study consist of 32 Multinational company that listing in Indonesian Stock Exchange (ISE) at 2012-2017. Thus result show that number and types of segments reported decrease 4% for LOB and 2% for geographic segment and using more disaggregated at geographic level. Those findings about changing can help to lead an insight of segmental disclosure implementation in the future.


The effect of sulphite ions on the xanthate-induced flotation of copper-activated pyrite has been studied. Various techniques have been used to identify the plausible mechanisms of interaction of sulphite with both collector and pyrite surface. It was f ound that sulphite depressed the xanthateinduced flotation of copper-activated pyrite with nitrogen or air purging at pH 7. However, the depression effect was greater when air was used. Solution and spectroscopic studies indicated that sodium bisulphite interacted with the pyrite surface, as well as with is obutyl xanthate in solution and its adsorbed state. Based on the results obtained, a combination of possible mechanisms has been proposed to explain the depressing effect of sulphite on copper-activated pyrite. It was suggested that both the decomposition of the xanthate in solution via perxanthate formation and dixanthogen desorption from the pyrite surface were res ponsible for the pyrite depression. Furthermore, iron hydroxy species were formed on the pyrite surface, rendering it hydr ophilic, thus preventing the formation of bubble-pyrite particle aggregates.


5549 Background: Although cisplatin (cis) is an effective radiosensitizer, its activity in patients (pts) with advanced and recurrent CC is disappointing. Oxaliplatin (O) might exhibit greater activity and be suitable for combination with paclitaxel (P). Methods: Pts with advanced and recurrent CC who had not received prior chemotherapy except radiosensitizing cis were treated with P 175 mg/m2 IV and O 130 mg/m2 IV every 21 d. Response (R), as determined by RECIST criteria and confirmed at 9 weeks (wk), and toxicity were primary outcomes. If R in = 8 patients (pts) of 18, accrual to 46 could ensue. Results: Of 17 pts enrolled, 16 were treated. Histology: 7 adeno/10 squamous.The median age was 57 (range 33–78) and 13 had had prior radiation (10 with cis). Median cycles: 3 (0–8). One CR and 4 PRs were achieved for an overall response rate of 29% (95% confidence interval: 10.3%, 56.0%). Additionally, 4 had stable disease, but this was not confirmed at 15wk. Time to progression in those responding was 21 wk (...


Data privacy is an important issue to address when multiple data owners are required to integrate and share sensitive information for data analysis. In this article, we study the privacy threats caused by distributed data sharing and present the first cloud-based data sharing framework to integrate horizontally partitioned data from multiple data owners. The cloud performs the anonymization in a top-down fashion. It proceeds from the most generalized values of attributes (serve as the root of the tree) and specializes them (i.e., generate less generalized values as siblings of the parent node) in every iteration. A candidate value is selected for specialization in each iteration based on its score. The score of each candidate is calculated securely using multiple cryptographic protocols to ensure security. Finally, the cloud adds noise to the integrated data and releases them in a differentially private manner. Experimental results on real-life data set demonstrate that the proposed algorithm retains data utility for supporting classification analysis and provide similar classification accuracy compared to that of the centralized data dissemination mechanism.


To achieve malaria control a variety of approaches must be combined targeting different stages of the parasites life cycle. With better understanding of mosquito immunity, it is hoped that aspects of natural resistance can be manipulated to prevent parasite development. This thesis investigates the effect of both mosquito and parasite diversity on the mosquitoes response to malaria using the most important human malaria system; Anopheles gambiae-Plasmodium falciparum in natural/semi-natural conditions. Mosquito loci are identified that significantly control infection phenotype, some of which act in a parasite isolate specific manner, highlighting their potential involvement in genotype by genotype interactions. Such research is moving towards genomewide studies; however, on finding very low linkage disequilibrium in wild mosquitoes, it favors candidate gene association studies. A. gambiae characteristics that make it such a good malaria vector are discussed and the evolutionary forces driving these traits. Selection behind vector-parasite interactions can differ spatially and temporally causing specificities in sympatric couples. Sympatric and allopatric mosquito infections with malaria are compared, showing that sympatric infections develop lower infection intensities suggesting local adaptation. Mosquito gene expression profiles highlight a small number of genes differentially regulated between sympatric and allopatric infections, however extreme differences in gene regulation are observed within populations, probably driven by the variable nature of malaria parasites. This thesis highlights the importance of taking into account natural diversity in future research.


The aim of "the reform of talent-cultivated mode and the experimental unit of open education" is to cultivate the senior practical and specialized personnel who keep abreast of 21st social economic development and the requirement of the informationized society,and of locality and primary level,with the ability to create and fairly good comprehensive qualities,therefore,in the teaching of economic mathematics,it is essential that we pay great attention to the practical rinks of teaching and the cultivation of the learners' practical ability on mathematics.By carrying on the practical activities of curriculums,we should enable the learners to find out the union of mathematics and management in order to develop the atmosphere of combining theory with practice in their further study,and lay a solid foundation.


Although there remains much to be learned, a great deal is now known about the neurophysiological processes involved in the experience of pain. Research confirms that there is no single focal " center " in the brain responsible for the experience of pain. Rather, pain is the end product of a number of integrated networks that involve activity at multiple cortical and subcortical sites. Our current knowledge about the neurophysiological mechanisms of pain has important implications for understanding the mechanisms underlying the effects of hypnotic analgesia treatments, as well as for improving clinical practice. This article is written for the clinician who uses hypnotic interventions for pain management. It begins with an overview of what is known about the neurophysiological basis of pain and hypnotic analgesia, and then discusses how clinicians can use this knowledge for (1) organizing the types of suggestions that can be used when providing hypnotic treatment, and (2) maximizing the efficacy of hypnotic interventions in clients presenting with pain problems. A preponderance of evidence indicates that hypnotic analgesia can significantly and substantially reduce pain associated with both acute and chronic pain conditions clinicians who use hypnotic interventions to treat individuals with pain use a large variety of hypnotic approaches and suggestions, varying from quite focused suggestions for reducing or blocking the experience of pain sensations (e.g., Crasilneck, 1979) to more general and diffuse suggestions to have experiences inconsistent with pain and suffering, such as the vivid reliving of pleasurable autobiographical experiences (Faymonville, M. E., et al., 2000). Often clinicians report that with any one patient they provide just one or two of the many Address correspondence and reprint requests to: 124 Pain Perception and Hypnotic Analgesia possible suggestions that might be effective for pain management although it is not always clear why the particular suggestions used were chosen over others. There is also a tendency for clinicians to focus on suggestions that target the sensory components of pain, as opposed to using or including suggestions that address pain's emotional, motivational, cognitive, and for descriptions of more comprehensive hypnotic analgesia treatment approaches). During the past decade, there has been an explosion of knowledge about the neurophysiological basis of pain and hypnotic analgesia. This knowledge has important implications for understanding how hypnosis might be most effectively applied to clinical pain problems. The purpose of this review article is to provide a brief overview of the current state-of-the science …


A load current observer using EKF is proposed to compensate the changed load current for a robust dc voltage control without the inconvenient of the current sensor installation in the three-phase voltage-source PWM rectifier. Besides, a simplified model and the EKF observer based on it are also proposed. A small-signal model of the rectifier is also analyzed to prove the rationality of the feed-forward compensation. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the proposed feed forward compensations with EKF observers based on both the normal and simplified models can improve the dynamic performance of the dc-link voltage satisfyingly.


In this study, we investigated the temperature dependence and size effect of the thermal boundary resistance at Si/Ge interfaces by non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using the direct method with the Stillinger-Weber potential. The simulations were performed at four temperatures for two simulation cells of different sizes. The resulting thermal boundary resistance decreased with increasing temperature. The thermal boundary resistance was smaller for the large cell than for the small cell. Furthermore, the MD-predicted values were lower than the diffusion mismatch model (DMM)-predicted values. The phonon density of states (DOS) was calculated for all the cases to examine the underlying nature of the temperature dependence and size effect of thermal boundary resistance. We found that the phonon DOS was modified in the interface regions. The phonon DOS better matched between Si and Ge in the interface region than in the bulk region. Furthermore, in interface Si, the population of low-frequen...


Present invention is disclosed a kind of method manufacturing medical device distal end part, comprising: provide one or more wire rod be made up of conductive material, each wire rod has longitudinal axis; The outer casing mold with first end and the second end is provided; By one or more wire arrangement in outer casing mold, so that each go out from the first end of outer casing mold and the second distal process at least partially in one or more wire rod; And biocompatible material is incorporated in outer casing mold; And the time that biocompatible material is solidified is provided, to form the coated case member be molded on one or more wire rod, one or more wire rod is securely fixed in case member.Method of the present invention can reduce the number of components alone for the manufacture of MAP recording equipment as much as possible, and optimizes the function of all parts used.


A novel main circuit of arc-welding inverter is designed by using the phase-shifted control IC-UC3879. The soft-switching range of the lagging leg is expanded by using the functions of magnetic switcher of the saturable inductor in secondary side of the power transformer.


Abstract
 A new distribution map is provided for Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae (Amaral et al) Young et al. Gammaproteobacteria: Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonadaceae. Host: coffee (Coffea arabica). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya), South America (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Parana, Sao Paulo).


Abstract Large areas of the land surface of Australia retain effects of prior weathering events, to tens or hundreds of metres depth, which altered previously-exposed rocks to clays and reconcentrated various minerals such as iron oxides, carbonates and silica. In such areas data about surface mineralogy obtained by remote sensing may not relate to rocks at depth beneath the weathered zone. Although almost three-quarters of Australia is arid, that desert region has significant vegetation cover which can be a major remote sensing noise problem for the geoscientist attempting to detect spectral signatures of various rocks and minerals. Fireburn scars are another serious vegetation-related problem, for they result in significant vegetation-density variations across large tracts of country, especially in the arid zone. Geoscience research in Australia must overcome, or reduce, the impact of such environmental problems if remote sensing is to realize its full potential. This paper outlines the problems, their ...


Driving context, including oncoming and approaching vehicles, traffic signs, road and environmental conditions as well as traffic regulations, has substantial influence on the recommended driving behaviour. For a driver assistance system all these constraints must be considered to produce useful behaviour recommendations. Using a context-aware overtaking assistance for demonstration purposes, we present an approach for representation of legal and environmental context rules, exploiting constraint-logic programming, where contextual influence factors are modelled as static and dynamic constraints. A-priory fuzzy risk classification is performed to point out potential risks for dynamic constraints. Afterwards the probability of an accident is obtained for the recommended manoeuvre, using additional information from the driver context.


This paper compares the adhesion strength between three polymeric fibres (polypropylene (PP), nylon66 (N66) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN)) embedded in a cement paste. The specimens were prepared at a water to cement ratio (w/c) of 0.5 and tested after 7, 14 and 28 curing days. It was found that although the adhesion between the polymeric fibres to the cement matrix is an important factor, the energy absorption capacity or energy dissipation ability of the fibres, plays a more important role in the improvement of the cementitious composites fracture toughness. Scanning electron micrographs were used to characterize the fibres surface before and after the Pull-out tests.


A REPRESENTATIVE survey of 880 children in first, third, and fifth years was carried out in five secon dary schools in one education authority using an anonymous questionnaire. It was found that children were most aware of the cigarette brands which are most frequently associated with sponsored sporting events on TV. Children's TV viewing of a recent snooker championship sponsored by one cigarette manufacturer was positively correlated with the proportion of children associating that brand, and other brands used in TV sponsorship, with sport. Following a snooker championship sponsored by another cigarette manufacturer, a second survey was carried out on a new sample showing that awareness of this brand, and the proportion of children associating it with sport, had increased from the first survey. This demonstrates that the TV sports spon sorship by tobacco manufacturers acts as cigarette advertising to children and therefore circumvents the law banning cigarette advertisments on TV.


Microprobe and scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination of small vesicles found in glassy selvages of tholeiitic basalt shows that some vesicle walls are decorated with evenly spaced spherules 0.5–4 μm across. Some are iron sulfides with high concentrations of Cu and Ni and are set in hemispherical pits in vesicle walls. Other spherules are not sulfides and appear to be aggregates of plates in microvesicular vesicle walls; these may be oxidized spherules accompanied by palagonitized glass. Other decorations include plates, grooves, and whiskers; the chemical nature of these features is not known. The spherical shape of sulfide spherules is distorted by secondary crystal growth into the vesicle, presumably due to reequilibration during cooling or to alteration. Loss of sulfide spherules during degassing may be an additional mechanism by which metals enter seawater near a rise crest.


This article is concerned with biomass measuration for eucommia plantations. The breast-high diameter, the basal stem diameter, the tree height, the present-year height growth, and the cut wood were considered in the regression function.


Coins have remained at the top of the incidence list of published series of endoscopic removal of pediatric foreign bodies. The introduction of the Canadian dollar coin in 1987 has presented another hazard for children. A total of 228 consecutive pediatric patients that underwent esophagoscopy for removal of foreign body from 1979 to 1989 are reviewed. Esophagoscopy under general anesthesia is the safest technique for the removal of impacted foreign bodies in the esophagus.


This article aims at proposing a multistage linear Gauss pseudospectral method (MS-LGPM) for solving the piecewise continuous nonlinear optimal control problem (OCP) with interior-point constraints and terminal constraints. First, the first-order necessary conditions for the multistage nonlinear OCP are derived, and a typical multipoint boundary value problem is obtained. Second, the original problem can be solved iteratively by integral prediction and quasi-linearization. Then Lagrange interpolation polynomials are used to approximate the state, control, and costate variables, to transfer those differential equations into a set of linear algebraic equations. Therefore, the control update coming closer to the optimal solution can be derived in an analytical manner. Additionally, those linear algebraic equations are formulated in regular banded matrix forms to make the code as concise as possible. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the midcourse guidance design for a dual-pulse missile to evaluate its performance. Simulation results show that the proposed method performs well in providing the optimal control with high accuracy and computational efficiency. Furthermore, a comparison with other typical guidance method and Monte Carlo simulations are also provided. Results demonstrate, even with some random uncertainties, the proposed method still has strong robustness and superior performance.


Good statistical measurement of services trade becomes more and more important now trade in services gets the attention of policymakers. In 1995 many countries decided to liberalise services trade according to the General Agreement for Trade in Services (GATS). Also in the Doha round the WTO members aim to open their markets in services further. This paper has two aims. The first is a description of CPB's method to modify the GTAP data base, version 6 with bilateral services trade data. The source for constructing bilateral flows in this paper is a recent comprehensive database from the OECD which was established in cooperation with Eurostat, based on the concepts and framework of trade in services set out by the IMF in their balance of payments statistics. We manage to cover flows between 24 OECD countries and four sectors, which equals approximately 75% of the total flows of services world trade in 2001. On the other hand however, it doesn't cover all GTAP services sectors. The second is our proposal to contribute (updated) bilateral services trade data to the GTAP database, version 7, base year 2004. These data will include 24 reporting OECD countries with 24 to 55 partner countries for 10 services sectors.


Minimum variance unbiased predictors of the mean vector and covariance matrix of a finite population are obtained under the assumption that the population values obey a given linear model. An example is given of stratified sampling.


Abstract BACKGROUND Diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) can be challenging. We have shown that the detection of MYD88 mutation in cell free DNA (cfDNA) taken from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is reliable (JCO Precision Oncology, 2019; Leukemia and Lymphoma, 2019). We report four cases in which detection of MYD88 mutation aided in the diagnosis. CASE 1 A 67-year-old man with a history of systemic B-cell lymphoma, experienced right hemiparesis. MRI showed a slightly enhancing lesion located in the midbrain. MYD88 L265P mutation was found by digital droplet PCR analysis of cfDNA extracted from CSF. The patient underwent a needle biopsy, and was diagnosed as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. CASE 2 A 32-year-old man was diagnosed as having a demyelinating lesion after experiencing severe headaches. A small enhancing lesion was found in the right frontal lobe, and the patient was treated with steroids. The lesions repeatedly disappeared and reappeared and finally, stopped responding to steroids. MYD88 mutation was detected. A biopsy was performed, and the diagnosis was PCNSL. CASE 3 A 49-year-old man underwent a biopsy for a right frontal lesion after experiencing memory loss; the pathology showed broad T-cell infiltration but only some perivascular B-cells with slight atypia. The patient was tapered off steroids, and the lesion spread rapidly. An open biopsy was performed, but the pathology was not typical for B-cell lymphoma. The patient's symptoms rapidly worsened, and whole brain irradiation was performed. At recurrence, MYD88 mutation was detected. CASE 4 An 82-year-old man presented with blurred vision. Vitreous humor biopsy was inconclusive for ocular lymphoma. A head MRI showed an intracranial lesion which spontaneously regressed. MYD88 was detected, and the patient is being closely observed. CONCLUSION Detection of MYD88 mutation from cfDNA extracted from CSF can aid in the diagnosis of CNS lymphoma, especially in atypical cases.


The present invention provides an easily grasp the combat-type video game apparatus and method using the positional relationship of two animated characters fight within the stadium. The apparatus in accordance with the control unit 8 stores the image data for display partition walls spaced apart, and two animated characters fighting game image on the monitor 7, and the operation of each of the animated character by operating the key operation. Window into the display unit 11. The image data, the position on the screen without affecting the operation of the animated character, is formed smaller than the size of window screen monitor screen 7 W. The control unit 8 displays the combat game planar illustration and a symbol indicating the partition and two animated characters on the window screen W.


The purpose of the review was to identify the world-recognized management theories that are used to manage the research activity in higher educational institutions and assess the applicability of them in higher educational institutions of Ukraine. This study relied on the methods recommended for feasibility studies. This review utilised qualitative methods in the search and assessment of the relevant studies. Two instruments were used in the study. These were the Critical Appraisal Checklist and the Triangular Assessment Method. The theoretical management concepts such as Total Quality Management, Project Management, the Excellence Model designed by the European Foundation for Quality Management, Balanced Scorecard System, and Organisational Management have been adapted to the purpose of managing research at higher educational institutions. The findings implied that research management could be seen as a dimension of the quality management policy of the higher educational institutions. The study suggests that Organisational Management is quite a blur concept so far which causes misinterpretations and misleadings in terms of both research activity organisation and promotion.  It was found that the Total  Quality Management and Project Management concepts could be used to manage the research activity at universities in Ukraine. The  Balanced Scorecard System concept could also be applicable in Ukrainian higher educational institutions. However, the EFQM Excellence Model and Organisational Management could be partially applicable in Ukraine as they are more commerce-oriented, which seems to be a legislative loophole in Ukraine.


This paper offers a systematic procedure for modelling and simulating a teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) technique that exercised with styling power system stabilizer (PSS) and UPFC-controller for 6-bus test system. TLBO is used to find an effective and powerful solution for power system stabilizers (PSS) and the power oscillation damping (POD) controller in power systems. The results show the fast damping oscillations and rapidly reaching the steady state with TLBO compared to other methods such as PI-POD and UPFC individually. The parameters of traditional PI are adjusted using try and error method.


This paper presents a new Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring(RAIM) algorithm based on Probability of Hazardously Misleading Information(PHMI) dynamically allocated strategy.This algorithm is feasible to fuse multi-constellation measurements for integrity monitoring.It also dynamically allocates PHMI among all satellites used to get a solution,which improves the availability of traditional RAIM algorithms at 2% to 3%.With the algorithm,it analyzes the integrity monitoring performance of GPS and GPS/Galileo.Results show that with the new method,unaided GNSS RAIM allows LPV-200 approaches in the future.


We extend a very warm welcome to the 40th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) 2015 in Brisbane, Australia.


Abstract The essential oil of Pycnocycla nodiflora Decne. ex Boiss. growing wild in Iran was obtained by hydrodistallation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS technique. Seventy-two components representing 86.8% of the total oil were identified. The main components of the oil were β-eudesmol (34.3%), hexadecanoic acid (11.5%) and spathulenol (6.9%).


The hierarchical and "bob" (or branch-on-branch) models are tube-based computational models recently developed for predicting the linear rheology of general mixtures of polydisperse branched polymers. These two models are based on a similar tube-theory framework but differ in their numerical implementation and details of relaxation mechanisms. We present a detailed overview of the similarities and differences of these models and examine the effects of these differences on the predictions of the linear viscoelastic properties of a set of representative branched polymer samples in order to give a general picture of the performance of these models. Our analysis confirms that the hierarchical and bob models quantitatively predict the linear rheology of a wide range of branched polymer melts but also indicate that there is still no unique solution to cover all types of branched polymers without case-by-case adjustment of parameters such as the dilution exponent α and the factor p2 which defines the hopping dis...


Bacteriophages Therapy Market: Introduction

Bacteriophage therapy is also called phage therapy. It uses viruses for the treatment of bacterial infections. Bacterial viruses are known as bacteriophages


The invention discloses a map building method and equipment. The method is applied to a robot, and comprises the steps of receiving a starting instruction and a motion control instruction from a user; controlling the robot to advance according to the motion control instruction, and meanwhile collecting data about an unknown environment for primary map building; recording robot advancing path information; judging whether an ending instruction from the user is received or not; if so, taking a map obtained at this moment as a first map; controlling the robot to repeatedly advance according to a path indicated by the path information, and meanwhile collecting data about the unknown environment for complementary map building, thus obtaining a second map on the basis of the first map.


The SiC MESFET was developed with 10W of output power,power gain over 9 dB and 35% power added efficiency under continuous wave at 2 GHz.The 4H-SiC epitaxial wafer was prepared on 75 mm SiC semi-insulated substrate made by ourselves.The devices with fT=6.7 GHz and fmax=25 GHz were fabricated using inductively coupled plasma etching,sacrificial oxide treatment and other conventional tools.The results of chip process and the device test were given.


In recent decades, natural hazards have caused major disasters in natural and man-made environments. Floods are one of the most devasting natural hazards, with high levels of mortality, destruction of infrastructure, and large financial losses. This study presents a methodological approach for flood risk management at lakes and adjacent areas that is based on the implementation of the EU Floods Directive (2007/60/EC) in Greece. Contemporary engineering approaches have been used for the estimation of the inflow hydrographs. The hydraulic–hydrodynamic simulations were implemented in the following order: (a) hydrologic modeling of lake tributaries and estimation flood flow inflow to the lake, (b) flood inundation modeling of lake tributaries, (c) simulation of the lake as a closed system, (d) simulation of the lake outflows to the adjacent areas, and (e) simulation of flood inundation of rural and urban areas adjacent to the lake. The hydrologic modeling was performed using the HEC-HMS model, and the hydraulic-hydrodynamic simulations were implemented with the use of the two-dimensional HEC-RAS model. The simulations were applied to three soil moisture conditions (dry, medium and wet) and three return periods (T = 50, T = 100 and T = 1000 years) and a methodology was followed for the flood inundation modeling in urban areas. Upper and lower estimates on water depths, flow velocities and inundation areas are estimated for all inflow hydrographs and for varying roughness coefficient values. The proposed methodology presents the necessary steps and the results for the assessment of flood risk management and mapping for lake and adjacent urban and rural areas. The methodology was applied to Lake Pamvotida in Epirus, Greece, Ioannina.


Enterprises in the public and private sectors have been making their large spatial data archives available over the Internet. However, interactive work with such large volumes of online spatial data is a challenging task. We propose two efficient approaches to remote access to large spatial data. First, we introduce a client-server architecture where the work is distributed between the server and the individual clients for spatial query evaluation, data visualization, and data management. We enable the minimization of the requirements for system resources on the client side while maximizing system responsiveness as well as the number of connections one server can handle concurrently. Second, for prolonged periods of access to large online data, we introduce APPOINT (an Approach for Peer-to-Peer Offloading the INTernet). This is a centralized peer-to-peer approach that helps Internet users transfer large volumes of online data efficiently. In APPOINT, active clients of the client-server architecture act on the server's behalf and communicate with each other to decrease network latency, improve service bandwidth, and resolve server congestions.


The recent Total-Order Broadcast protocols that have been designed to sustain high throughput and low latency target fully switched environments, such as small datacenters and clusters. These protocols fail to achieve good performance in multi-datacenter environments, that are characterized by non-uniform network connectivity among a set of remote datacenters. More precisely, machines within a datacenter are connected using a fully switched network, whereas machines across datacenters use shared inter-datacenter network cables. This paper presents a novel Total-Order Broadcast protocol, called MDC-cast that specifically targets multi-datacenter environments.


In this study, the interdependency is presented between the characteristics of the buildings and the relative economic value, in order to plan economic policies and preconditions for improving the quality of the European buildings heritage through access, by an holistic approach, to the necessary financial resources. The economic value of a real estate asset is closely connected to the construction features and their performance over time (lifecycle). Safer, more comfortable and productive buildings for inhabitants are at the same time more operationally efficient and economically convenient for the owners. Solidity characteristics and static resistance to earthquakes, eco-efficiency and other constructive qualities of the building will provide benefits in the long term, and they are directly related the LCC (life cycle cost) including specific construction and/or maintenance costs. Moreover, these characteristics have an impact on the "market value" and on the "mortgage lending value" of properties, as well as on the possibility of financing the purchase through access to more affordable mortgages, and to make really feasible conversions even in the absence of public financial resources. This study introduces a new approach for conversions involving whole buildings or city areas. This research identifies the economic sustainability of a project by combining principles and suitable methodologies, together with performance and other characteristics. These aspects constitute the essential prerequisite for obtaining mortgages from banks and/or financial resources from international investors.


Objective:
To present a case report of successful treatment of PML with IL-7 and maraviroc in a patient with idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia.
 Background:
PML is a rapidly progressive, often fatal viral infection of the brain without a known treatment. Recently, case reports have demonstrated survival from PML with therapies that improve cell-mediated immunity, including IL-7 or the chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) antagonist, maraviroc. We present the first known case of a patient with PML successfully treated with both IL-7 and maraviroc.
 Methods:
A 63-year-old woman presented to our center with a 6-month history of a progressive left hemiparesis. Extensive laboratory testing was negative except for a severe CD4 lymphocytopenia (140/µL). Serial brain MRIs done prior to presentation revealed an enlarging, non-enhancing T2-hyperintense lesion in the right fronto-parietal white matter. PML was confirmed through detection of the JC virus by PCR in the cerebrospinal fluid and by brain biopsy, and she was started on mirtazapine and mefloquine. She continued to deteriorate, and was then given a course of recombinant IL-7. Though she remained clinically stable after IL-7 treatment and serum JCV PCR decreased from 1,000 copies/mL to a nadir of 238 copies/mL, MRI three months later showed lesion enlargement. Maraviroc was then initiated. Six months after initial presentation she remained stable and serum JCV PCR was undetectable.
 Results:
This case demonstrates successful treatment of PML in a patient with idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia. Treatment with IL-7 and maraviroc led to clinical stability and improvement in JC virus titers. Subsequent course will be presented.
 Conclusions:
This case highlights the potential benefits of IL-7 and maraviroc in the treatment of PML. Disclosure: Dr. Harel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Horng has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gustafson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ramineni has nothing to disclose. Dr. Straus Farber has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fabian has nothing to disclose.


Radioprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Haberlea rhodopensis have been studied by examining chromosome aberration in irradiated rabbits. Healthy adult New Zeland rabbits were injected intramuscularly (im) with 120 mg/kg body weight before and after irradiation or with double distilled water (DDW). They were exposed to whole body irradiation of 2.0 Gy gamma rays. After 24 h chromosomal aberrations were studied in the peripheral blood lymphocytes. Radiation (2.0 Gy) increased the number of aberrant cells from less than 3% in controls to almost 25%. Treatment with the total extract of Haberlea rhodopensis (HR) before and after irradiation resulted in a significant reduction in the percentage of aberrant metaphases as well as in the different types of aberration scored. Our results proved the ameliorating role of HR against radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations in rabbits. Further experimental studies using different cytogenetic and molecular biomarkers  are needed to clarify the exact mechanisms of radioprotective action of the HR extract.


An adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of N-nitrosamines is reported at sulfopolyester (Eastek) modified gold electrodes. In this way N-nitroso-N-butyl-N-propylamine, a representative carcinogenic N-nitroso compound, may be quantified down to concentrations of 10−10 M. Enhanced, preaccumulative uptake of the N-nitrosamine, was postulated to be due to sulfonate moieties present within the polymer structure, with polymers possessing the highest degree of sulfonation giving rise to the greatest enhancement in voltammetric responses. The effect of polymer solubility is also investigated, with a view to how the competition of these two factors affected final electrode performances.


For cost‐utility analyses of health technologies, utilities are commonly measured with the EuroQol‐5D (EQ‐5D) or the Short Form 6D (SF‐6D). Although most studies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) found the SF‐6D to be more responsive than the EQ‐5D, evidence is not convincing. The aim of this study was to compare the responsiveness of the EQ‐5D and SF‐6D to improvement in RA patients treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockers.


The invention discloses a combined young modulus instrument which comprises a base, uprights, an optical lever platform, a mirror-surface optical lever and a laser optical lever, wherein the uprights are hollow metal rods; a laser electric socket and an external power supply socket are arranged on one upright, and are electrically connected by a lead wire penetrating through the hollow upright; and a concave open slot for allowing a laser power supply wire to pass through is formed in the optical lever platform, perpendicular to an optical lever forefoot slot. The traditional mirror-surface optical lever and the laser optical lever can be used for testing on the same young modulus instrument, and the young modulus instrument is simple in structure, practical and convenient, and expands functions of the traditional young modulus instrument.


This research aims to produce an electricity book using augmented reality (AR) technology. This book can support observation, experimentation, and stimulation activities because AR technology can display animation, sound, and video. The method used in this research is 4D model research and development (RND) whose stages consist of: define, design, develop, and disseminate. The disseminate stage was done by uploading the application to the Google PlayStore. The AR book has passed the validation test stage with the percentage of achievement of 80.44 % according to the material expert, 91.75 % according to the learning media expert. The test results to 10 students showed the performance of 82.48% with 0.68 of gain value. Based on validation test and filed test, give the conclusion that the development of electricity book based on AR technologies has fulfilled the learning process and requirement as physics teaching materials.


The University of Alberta Libraries is actively ramping up for linked data implementation through local experimentation, research and external partnerships. Though BIBFRAME is still in development, several transformation tools have already been created, and with many libraries planning for a future move to linked data it would seem timely to compare approaches to moving legacy MARC data to BIBFRAME. Setting aside the question of whether BIBFRAME should be the vehicle for libraries to move to linked data, this investigation is aimed at comparing two approaches to converting MARC to BIBFRAME 2.0:

1. University of Alberta Libraries (UAL) locally developed process based on the Library of Congress MARC to BIBFRAME XSLT: An XSLT 1.0 application aimed at converting MARC to RDF/XML released in March 2017.
2. Casalini SHARE Virtual Discovery Environment: A project by Casalini Libri and @Cult to develop a linked data discovery environment, including a conversion tool for MARC to BIBFRAME 2.0 RDF.


Correlation and path analysis on the yield characters of a Japonica Xi-giant embryo-1 was studied under three different cultivation regimes of submerged irrigation,dry cultivation and ridge cultivation.The results indicated that grain yield of the ridge cultivation was 24.33% higher than that of the submerged irrigation.The ridge cultivation was favorable to make an ideal grain yield components,and significantly promoted effective panicles,spikelets per panicle,seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight.Dry cultivation significantly decreased grain yield and its components.Effective panicles,spikelets per panicle,seed setting rate and yield have significantly(0.01) obvious positive correlation,1000-grain weight and yield has significantly(0.05)obvious positive correlation;on the contrary,effective panicles and spikelets per panicle,effective panicles and 1000-grain weight,spikelets per panicle and 1000-grain weight have weak negative correlation.Therefore,ridge cultivation were beneficial to increase the grain yield and its components,when drafting the measure of high-yield cultivation for the Japonica Xi-giant embryo-1 in Production,and we should enhance the moisture management of paddy,not only increase the 1000-grain weight,but also main attack and mix up effective panicles and spikelets per panicle.


Objective To study the clinical effects of betaloc and digoxin in treatment of ischemic cardiomy-opathy with atrial fibrillation.Methods 80 patients were randomly divided into the observation group and control group,the control group were treated with digoxin,the observation group were received betaloc and digoxin.The ultra-sonic cardiogram changes,the heart rate control and the clinical effect on atrial fibrillation were compared.Results The level of LVEDD[(50.2 ±3.2)mm vs (71.9 ±2.2)mm] and LVESD[(40.5 ±3.4)mm vs (59.7 ±3.7)mm] for the two groups were lower those of after treatment,while the SV[(69 ±5)mL vs (39 ±4)mL] and EF[(59.7 ± 8.7)%vs (39.6 ±9.7)%] were higher than those of before(t=6.78,4.67,5.78,5.46,all P〈0.05).The levels of these factors in the observation group were significantly changed when they were compared with the control ( t=4.35,3.98,4.32,4.56,all P〈0.05).The heart rate in the two groups were lower than before,the resting stage [(71.2 ±8.9) vs (120.3 ±15.4)]and active stage[(79.4 ±9.6) vs (140.2 ±13.3)]of heart rate in the obser-vation group were significant lower than control(t=3.85,4.02,all P〈0.05).Conclusion Betaloc and digoxin shows satisfactory clinical efficacy in the treatment of ischemic cardiomyopathy with atrial fibrillation, which can improve the cardiac function,decrease the heart rate.So it is worthy of clinical use.

Key words:
Cardiomyopathy; Atrial fibrillation; Betaloc; Digoxin


Through theories of agenda setting and innovation, the origin, development, and enactment of right-to-die policy in four Western nations—the United States, the Netherlands, Germany, and Great Britain—are examined. Different social and government structures produced varied right-to-die politics in each of these countries, although similar issues received more emphasis in Europe. However, it is discovered that policy entrepreneurs, organizations, and governments are important in similar ways in moving the issue from the public to the governmental agenda and to policy innovations in each country. The paper is concluded with a discussion of elements to be included in a model of agenda setting and innovation and with a proposal for the application of theory to a wider range of policies.


The utility model discloses a progressive and continues punching mould for machining a mini shrapnel, which can guarantee the machining precision and improving the machining efficiency. The mould comprises an upper mould structure, a lower mould structure and a feeding mechanism, wherein the upper mould structure comprises an upper mould base, the lower part of the upper mould seat is fixedly provided with an upper base plate, a fixed plate, a stopping plate and a material discharging plate from top to bottom; the material discharging plate is provided with a material guide plate; the lower mould structure comprises a lower mould seat, the upper part of the lower mould seat is sequentially provided with a lower base plate and a lower template from bottom to top, and the lower part of the lower mould seat is provided with a lower locator; the upper mould structure is opposite, guided and closed with the lower mould structure by a guide structure; and a material guide structure comprises the material guide plate, and the material guide plate is arranged on the material discharging plate. The mould is characterized in that a mould hole of the upper mould structure which corresponds to the lower mould structure is internally and sequentially provided with a lead hole punching structure, a trimming structure, an error interrupting structure, a forming structure, a material tidying structure and a discharging structure from left to right.


Printed circuit boards are a platform technology for virtually all electronic devices. Conventional rigid and flexible circuit materials based on copper-clad thermoset polymers have served the industry well for many decades. New generations of electronics require circuit boards (or more accurately, membranes) that are pliable, conformable and even stretchable. Thermoplastic based films and conductive pastes are commonly used to form these structures today, but their mechanical and electrical durability limitations are well known. The researchers fashioned a new, first of its kind, stretchable circuit construction by combining a non-silicone thermosetting film with inorganic eutectic Gallium-Indium-Tin metal gel to form a functional multilayer circuit complete with passive surface mount components. This paper describes the materials, fabrication and testing of this unique construction.


The study presents the development of a wavelet-based segmentation algorithm for fatigue life assessment. Strain data was extracted using the Morlet family. The extraction process identified damaging segments, and it was able to shorten the original signal by 74.3%, with less than 10% difference with statistical parameters. The extraction algorithm was able to retain at least 97.9% of fatigue damage. The damaging segments drawn were clustered using the k-means method to provide three groups of segments, i.e., lower, moderate, and higher groups representing statistical values. The approach was suggested as an alternative method for evaluating and clustering fatigue strain signals.


The second most important cause of lung cancer after smoking is a radon gas. Thus, the determination of indoor radon concentrations in residential buildings is an important public health concern. The purpose of this research was to measure the concentration of radon gas in residential homes in the city of Ouagadougou and evaluate the annual effective dose, effective dose equivalent and the relative risk of lung cancer. The present study used the digital radon detector air things of cranium to determine the concentration of radon in twenty one homes at Ouagadougou. The digital radon detector air Things of corentium was placed in each residential building for a minimum period of one week and the concentration values are read every 24 hours. The values recorded are the short term average and the long term average. This study showed that the average radon concentration was 26.90±2.58 Bq/m3 in residential homes at Ouagadougou. The average radon effective dose rate was calculated as 0.68 mSv per year and the average effective dose equivalent of 1.63 mSv per year. The average relative risk of lung cancer (RRLC) due to indoor exposure was 1.02. The concentration of radon in one house was found to be greater than 100 Bq/m3, which is above the level allowed by the World Health Organization (WHO). The radon Effective Dose Equivalent in 14.3% of homes were slightly larger than the limit of the recommended action level (3-10 mSv per year) as reported by the ICRP-1993. It seems necessary to increase the public's awareness of this issue and to take action to reduce radon in homes when the concentrations are above.


Inheritance involves the transmission of the patrimony of a deceased individual to one or more people alive. The inheritance is opened at the last domicile of the deceased. In case there are extraneous elements in the inheritance, meaning any circumstance which would determine the possibility of simultaneous application of certain legal provisions belonging to two or more law systems, then national law provisions are no longer applicable, but those of private international law. In order to uniformly regulate the inheritances with extraneous elements and consequently of the international testaments, considering the freedom of movement is an acknowledged fact for the European citizens within the community, a number of measures have been adopted both in the legislative as well as in the procedures related to succession debate also the creation of a unique system of record of the testaments drawn up at European level. This paper aims at examining the issue of inheritances with extraneous elements and international testaments, namely the regulation and the measures taken at EU level regarding this issue.


Retroviral vectors integrate in the host cell genome and are widely used for gene therapy. Since integration is largely random, each site represents a unique integration event and can be used to study clonal evolution of engrafted cells. Integration can however be deleterious, and has been associated with oncogenesis. To date, PCR methods for studying the integrant-host junction (IHJ) have been laborious, unspecific and difficult to perform on complex samples. We have developed a method that is simpler and highly specific. We generate libraries of integrant-host junctions which can then be resolved by sequencing. The approach works even for analyses of highly complex samples. 1) Linear PCR is performed on sample DNA with biotinylated primer annealing to the 5′ end of the LTR. The subsequent longer biotinylated linear PCR fragments which contain IHJ or internal junctions are separated from genomic DNA with streptavidin paramagnetic beads. 2) We add an anchor primer with a known 5′ sequence and several degenerate 3′ bases. 3) A complimentary strand from this primer to the LTR is generated with T7 DNA polymerase. 4) A blocking oligo is added to the polymerase mixture, which anneals just before the 3′LTR of the internal junction and prevents the complementary strand from the internal sequence being generated, so that >90% of the anchored DNA contains external flanking genomic sequence. 5) We PCR amplify the material from a nested primer in the LTR to a primer, which anneals to the known sequence of the anchor primer. 6) Finally, a smear is generated which contains randomly anchored IHJs. FLEA-PCR was designed so that the most 5′ 33bp of the LTR (which contain an NheI site) are unprimed allowing easy validation of PCR product. Sequencing of these smears reveals that >99% of these DNA fragments contain this 33bp of 5′ extremity and are preceded by genomic sequences. With blocking, 90% of sequences are external IHJs. To validate the technique, 6 HeLa cell clones containing a single integrant were studied. The 5′ IHJ was characterized by FLEA-PCR amplification. The 3′ IHJ was successfully amplified by PCR with a primer designed on prediction from the human genome sequence and the 4bp repeat of junctional sequences was evident in all HeLa clones. Clonable smears can be generated with samples containing


We study a class of variational problems for regularized conservation laws with Lax's entropy-entropy flux pairs. We first introduce a modified optimal transport space based on conservation laws with diffusion. Using this space, we demonstrate that conservation laws with diffusion are"flux--gradient flows". We next construct variational problems for these flows, for which we derive dual PDE systems for regularized conservation laws. Several examples, including traffic flow and Burgers' equation, are presented. Incorporating both primal-dual algorithms and monotone schemes, we successfully compute the control of conservation laws.


Kersh Wellness, a pioneer in health and wellness programs, has recently announced a new Health Station Lite that is less than half of the cost of its original Health Station model. The Health Station Lite is scheduled for public release in July of 20


This study tired to research the current use of mobile devices, which play important role in Smart-Learning, as well as to present suggestions to Smart-Learning English learning and teaching based on the results of the study. There were 313 university students who participated in this survey and 289 samples were selected from the original data. The questions asked in this survey focused on the use of ten mobile devices: laptop computers, netbook, smart phone, smart pad, MP3, portable game player, digital dictionary, e-book, PMP(portable multimedia players) and PDA (Personal Digital Assistance devices). The research findings could be summarized as follows. First, the smart phone proved to be the most popular device. Second, the number of participants owning two devices was larger than any other groups. Third, PC type devices, such as laptops or netbook, were most frequently used in English learning. Based on the results, this study presented two suggestions to boost the use of mobile devices in English learning: developing service to provide accurate contents to users and service focused on only-use devices. Thses suggestions would encourage the use of mobile devices in Smart-Learning English learning and teaching.


Background: Anti-Ku antibodies have been associated with various connective tissue diseases, including myositis, arthritis, interstitial lung disease and glomerulonephritis 1. Objectives: We present a case of a woman initially diagnosed with biopsy proven Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease who later developed a rapidly progressive myositis in association with anti-Ku antibodies. Methods: A 47 year-old woman, originally from Myanmar, presented with lymphadenopathy, myalgia, fatigue, livedo reticularis and low-grade fever for the previous 6 months. This was initially diagnosed as a viral infection. Her myalgia progressed with proximal muscle weakness in both legs and associated rise in creatine kinase levels to 349U/L (normal range 25-200). She also developed dyspnoea, an erythematous rash, mouth ulcers and unintentional weight loss. Blood tests show a lymphopenia and progressively rising CK, with a maximum level of 516 U/L. MRI whole body confirmed a widespread diffuse myositis in her upper and lower limbs, with an unusual 'speckled' pattern. High resolution CT Chest was normal. C3 0.40 g/l (normal range 0.75-1.65) and C4 0.12 g/l (0.14-0.54) were low, with a positive ANA (1:160) and Ro-60 antibody. dsDNA, antiphospholipid screen and virology screens were all negative. Extended myositis panel revealed positive anti-Ku antibodies. Axillary lymph node biopsy confirmed necrotising lymphadenitis, consistent with Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease. Results: She was initially treated with low dose Prednisolone and Hydroxychloroquine, with a limited response. Due to progressive myositis, pulsed IV Methylprednisolone 1g was provided over 3 days and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was started. An inpatient stay was needed after developing an axillary node abscess and a chest infection. This was treated with intravenous antibiotics and repeated aspirations. Due to progressive myositis on a background of sepsis, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) was administered over 5 days. Our patient made a good recovery, with normalization of CK levels and resolution of the myositis noted on repeat MRI scan. She remains on MMF as maintenance therapy. Conclusion: Anti Ku antibodies appear to be associated with 2 spectrums of disease – elevated CK levels with interstitial lung disease and renal disease associated with anti-dsDNA antibodies 1 To our knowledge this is the first report in association with Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease. The combination of MMF and IVIG appears to have been effective treatment and her renal function remains stable, although we are monitoring the patient carefully for the possible development of interstitial lung disease. References: [1]Spielmann L, Nespola B, Severac F, et al. Anti-Ku syndrome with elevated CK and anti-Ku syndrome with anti-dsDNA are two distinct entities with different outcomes. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2019;78:1101-1106. Disclosure of Interests: None declared


To examine the dimensional changes of endodontic sealers during 18 months using three‐dimensional (3D) surface scanning and subtraction radiography in a novel in vitro sealer‐extrusion model.


Robinson unfolds the vision of four influential writers on psychology---J.S. Mill, F. Hegel, Wilhelm Wundt, and William James---who considered the world, its persons and problems, its possibilities and conflicts, its scientific facts and its moral ambiguities, and proceeded to devise a means by which to improve it. Robinson shows how in thinking about psychology, these individuals provided an intellectual context within which the discipline could be refined.


This research developed an application to provide mine impoundment inspectors and regulatory agencies with improved field inspection methodology, accuracy in inspection data management, and record keeping to assist in dam inspection, ultimately leading to improved impoundment safety. The research project developed software applications which coupled a rugged Global Positioning System (GPS) field computer with Geographic Information System (GIS) technology and user friendly database management through Microsoft Access and Excel. The project involved enabling the use of a single field tool to assist with field inspections of mine tailings dams by providing detailed reports and performance data that would exceed the provisions of the U.S. Department of Labor, Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977. The impoundment inspection tool was developed and implemented, in a beta-version mode, to collect and manage field data at coal refuse impoundment facilities in West Virginia. The tool may use standard or custom built inspection templates which are populated during the field inspection. The computer is GPS equipped so that locations and field observations may be geo-referenced. The computer is capable of taking photographs and recording audio messages which are linked to the electronic inspection form. The computer contains a library of inspection protocols and emergency action plan (EAP) information which may be referenced during the field site work. Data is automatically uploaded to an office computer and is time stamped for record keeping and compliance with federal inspection cycles. A full inspection report is generated and downloaded as needed to satisfy state and federal regulations.


The amount of organic production in Mexico has been increasing rapidly over the past several years, and today over 80 000 producers farm organically on over 300 000 hectares of land. The vast majority of this production is focused on monocrop farming of export goods "" particularly coffee, but also cacao, coconut, and other fruits and vegetables. This situation raises questions regarding the degree to which organics is truly providing an economically, socially and environmentally sustainable alternative for Mexican producers and consumers. However, over the past three years a network of local organic markets has begun to emerge across the country. These markets are an important means of ensuring that organic foods are not just available as a luxury product in the North, but also to consumers in the South. One of the many challenges confronting these new markets is that economic and bureaucratic barriers make it difficult for the small scale producers involved to obtain organic certification. The notion of participatory certification offers a means to address this problem, as it relies on a combination of community based inspections, transparency, and trust between producer and consumer to maintain the integrity of the organic label. While this system may be problematic for export oriented production, it is a useful way of helping promote and support local networks of organic production and consumption. Although still in its early phases, the Mexican experience with local organic markets and participatory certification offers an important alternative to the industrialized, export-oriented, " ̃mainstream' organic sector.


Understanding the near‐surface soil thermal regime and its connection to the atmospheric state is important for the assessment of several climate‐related processes. However, the lack of in situ soil temperatures measurements limits the analysis of such processes. In this study, we have developed a quality‐controlled soil temperature database for Spain that consists of 39 sites spanning from 1987 to 2018. We have used this database to assess the near‐surface soil thermal regime. Likewise, we evaluate at seasonal to multidecadal timescales the land–air temperature coupling over Spain by analysing the structure of the surface air temperature (SAT) and the ground surface temperature (GST) covariance and also their long‐term evolution. In addition, we have employed the ERA5‐Land reanalysis to test the consistence between observations and reanalysis. The results show that the near‐surface soil thermal structure is dominated by conduction despite some influence of hydrology‐related processes. Regarding the land–air temperature coupling, we have found a strong connection between SAT and GST. However, in the summer months there is an offset in SAT–GST at some sites due to limited evaporation and enhanced sensible heat fluxes. Furthermore, multidecadal SAT–GST decoupling may exist over some sites as a response to decreasing precipitation. The ERA5‐Land represents the observations' climatology well, but it underestimates the summer soil temperature observations and the long‐term trends at some sites.


In order to investigate the protective effects of Momordica charantia extract( MCE) on obesity and insulin resistance,C57 BL /6j mice fed in a high-fat diet( HFD) were used as animal model. Obese mouse model was successfully made after 2-week HFD induction. The mice were then randomly divided into normal control,model control,MCE dose of 13. 5,27. 0,and 54. 0 g / kg treated groups. Mice in normal and model control groups were treated with 0. 5% CMC-Na,and other groups were treated with MCE( i. g.),respectively,with the same volume twice a day for ten weeks. It was shown that the body weight,epididymal and total visceral white adipose tissue weight were decreased by treatment of MCE 54. 0 g / kg without the change of food intake. The increased serum TG,CHO,LDL-C,glucose,insulin concentration and insulin resistance index were significantly inhibited. The concentration of TG was also decreased by the treatment of MCE 27. 0 g / kg; while the concentration of HDL-C was increased by the treatment of MCE 13. 5,27. 0 and 54. 0 g / kg,respectively. The adipocyte hypertrophy induced by HFD was mitigated by MCE dose-dependently.


This paper describes the realization of polymer-based optical structures and the assembly and packaging strategy to connect optical fiber ribbons to the waveguides. For that a low cost fabrication process using the SU-8TM thick photo-resist is presented. This process consists in the deposition of two photo-structurized resist layers filled up with epoxy glue realising the core waveguide. For the assembly, a new modular vacuum gripper was realised and installed on an automatic pick and place assembly robot to mount precisely and efficiently the optical fibers in the optical structures. First results have shown acceptable optical propagation loss for the complete test structure.


Virtual visits are a telehealth service where patients and providers communicate in real-time using audio and/or video technology. Setting up a virtual visit is complex and may pose challenges for some autistic adults. We conducted semi-structured interviews with autistic adults (n = 7), family members of autistic adults (n = 12), and clinic personnel (n = 6) from one US-based clinic and used thematic analysis to identify factors affecting usability of virtual visits. We found virtual visit preparation involves multiple contacts between clinic personnel and patients or family members via a variety of channels and usability was affected by technology considerations, logistical considerations, and expectations for visits. Participants said technological experience and using the patient portal enhanced usability, but technological issues could increase anxiety. Clinic personnel reported time constraints created logistical barriers to virtual visits; streamlining the process before the visit via the patient portal may improve the usability of virtual visits for autistic adults, family members, and clinic personnel. Participants also reported unclear expectations for virtual visits reduced usability and recommended reminders, instructional videos, and estimated wait-times to clarify expectations. While our findings are based on a single clinic, they may help inform usability improvement efforts in other clinics offering virtual visits for autistic adults. Lay abstract Real-time telehealth visits, called "virtual visits," are live video chats between patients and healthcare professionals. There are lots of steps involved in setting up a virtual visit, which may be difficult for some autistic adults. We interviewed 7 autistic adults, 12 family members of autistic adults, and 6 clinic staff from one clinic in the United States. Our goal was to understand their experiences with virtual visits and see how we can make virtual visits easier to use. We re-read text from the interviews to organize experiences and advice that was shared into topics. We found that autistic adults (or their family members) had to connect with clinic staff many times by phone or online over several days to set up a virtual visit. Participants said that having more experience with technology and using the online patient portal made virtual visits easier to use. But, having issues with technology before the visit could make autistic adults and family members anxious. Clinic staff said it was hard for them to meet the needs of people who were using virtual visits and those who were being seen in person at the clinic. Participants recommended reducing the number of calls between staff and autistic adults or family members using the online patient portal instead. Participants also recommended reminder messages, instruction videos, and approximate wait-times to help autistic adults and family members know what to expect for the virtual visit. Our results are based on peoples' experiences at one clinic, but could help other clinics make virtual visits easier to use for autistic adults and their family members.


Cryptogrammoid ferns were often classified into the cheilanthoid group (of Pteridaceae sensu Tryon et al.) or Sinopteridaceae sensu Ching. In order to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships of cryptogrammoid ferns and their related taxa, we sequenced the chloroplast rbcL gene for 11 Asian species representing Cryptogramma, Onychium, Aleuritopteris, Leptolepidium, Cheilosoria, and Doryopteris. Sequences of other related groups were obtained from GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis of a data matrix including 32 taxa was conducted using the maximum-parsimony (MP) and neighbor-joining (NJ) methods. The results were as follows: (1) Cryptogramma, Coniogramme, and Llavea form a moderately supported clade and constitute a cryptogrammoid group that is distantly related to the cheilanthoid ferns. (2) Onychium is rejected from both the cheilanthoid and the cryptogrammoid group, but closely related to Actiniopteris and Pteris. (3) The cheilanthoid group is monophyletic, which is supported by a high bootstrap value. It comprises most of the genera in Sinopteridaceae sensu Ching and some genera in Hemionitidaceae sensu Pichi Sermolli. (4) In the cheilanthoid group, several genera from the Old World (including Aleuritopteris, Leptolepidiurn, Cheilosoria, and Sinopteris), which have been subsumed into Cheilanthes by some authors, are grouped together and distantly related to the American taxa of Cheilanthes. The present study supports the treatment of the cryptogrammoids as either a separate family or subfamily of a broadly circumscribed Pteridaceae, but Pichi Sermolli's circumscription of Cryptogrammaceae should be emended to include Coniogramme and to exclude Onychium.


The meta-problem of consciousness (Chalmers (this issue)) is the problem of explaining the behaviors and verbal reports that we associate with the so-called 'hard problem of consciousness'. These may include reports of puzzlement, of the attractiveness of dualism, of explanatory gaps, and the like. We present and defend a solution to the meta-problem. Our solution takes as its starting point the emerging picture of the brain as a hierarchical inference engine. We show why such a device, operating under familiar forms of adaptive pressure, may come to represent some of its mid-level inferences as especially certain. These mid-level states confidently re-code raw sensory stimulation in ways that (they are able to realize) fall short of fully determining how properties and states of affairs are arranged in the distal world. This drives a wedge between experience and the world. Advanced agents then represent these mid-level inferences as irreducibly special, becoming increasingly puzzled as a result.


This paper describes a novel implementation of the Simulated Annealing algorithm designed to explore the trade-off between multiple objectives in optimization problems. During search, the algorithm maintains and updates an archive of non-dominated solutions between each of the competing objectives. At the end of search, the final archive corresponds to a number of optimal solutions from which the designer may choose a particular configuration. A new acceptance probability formulation based on an annealing schedule with multiple temperatures (one for each objective) is proposed along with a novel restart strategy. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated on three examples. It is concluded that the proposed algorithm offers an effective and easily implemented method for exploring the trade-off in multiobjective optimization problems.


This paper focuses on the multi-objective optimisation problem (MOOP). To improve the convergence speed and diversity of bacterial chemotaxis multi-objective optimisation algorithm (BCMOA) and overcome the defects of escape from local minimum, this paper proposes an improved bacterial colony chemotaxis multi-objective optimisation algorithm (IBCCMOA). Firstly, fast non-dominated sorting approach is used to initialise the position of all the bacterias. Secondly, colony intelligent optimisation thought is adopted. Thirdly, a strategy of elite reserve is applied to avoid abandoning the points that the original position is good. Experimental results show that the convergence and diversity solutions of the proposed algorithm are better than that of the existing BCMOA.


A program for carrying out research on the speaker recognition of disguised voices is proposed. Such a program would consist of the following: 1) Definition and classification of disguises 2) Creation of databases of disguised voices 3) Testing of conventional speaker recognition systems on the disguised-voice database 4) The investigation of which basic methods of modeling the vocal tract -HMMs, vector quantization, neural nets, etc. -are most effective on the various types of disguised voices 5) The feasibility of automatically detecting the use of disguised voice 6) Methods for computationally "undisguising," or compensating for, a disguised voice 7) The use of several disguise methods at the same time


It is said that St Dominic used to carry three books on his missionary journeys: the Gospel of St Matthew, the Letters of St Paul and the Conferences of Cassian. Apart from such enlightened Dominican circulation, however, the works ofJohn Cassian (c.360-435) have, at least in the West, been relatively little known outside the monastic milieu down to the last decade of the twentieth century. The appearance of Boniface Ramsey's fine translation of and commentary on the Conferences (paulist Press, 1997) and especially, Columba Stewart's ground-breaking monograph, Cassias theMonk (OUP, 1998), created a wave of renewed interest in the Abba of Marseilles which extends to this current volume: Jean Cassien entre L 'Orient etL 'Occident is the fruit ofwhat was, it seems, the first international conference dedicated to Cassian and held, fittingly (if we accept Dobrudja, modem-day Romania, as his birthplace), in Bucharest in 200t. After a concise introduction, the eleven contributions range in focus from Attila Jakab's wide-angled account of Christian Egypt in the fourth and fifth centuries to Cristian Badilita's micro-study of Cassian's treatment (in his eighth Conference) of the myth of the fallen angels. This latter also includes the tantalising hint that the protagonist of the conference, Abba Serenus, may portray Evagrius. In one of the two chapters in English, Columba Stewart traces Cassian's debt to Evagrius, with particular reference to his schema ofthe eight principal faults, and concludes that Cassian, far from being a mere mouthpiece for Evagrius, was a creative thinker within the monastic spiritual tradition, and as much indebted to Origen. Stewart notes, however, Cassian's care in editing out the theologically problematic areas of both his mentors, neither of whom is named in his works. That Stewart's Cassias theMonk has become a, if not, the standard work on the subject, can be seen from the number of citations from this text across the papers in the present collection, where one contributor has evidently been working from the Romanian translation (a nice cultural reversal). But if the anglophones have one or two front-runners in Cassian studies, the continentals boast an impressively broad base of scholars engaged in the field (ten contributors from eight European institutes of higher education) and it is refreshing to discover different perspectives on the same material. For example, Monique Alexandre, in


The name Zizania terrestris L. ≡ Scleria terrestris (L.) Fass.) was apparently based solely on a plate in Rheede's Hortus Malabaricus labelled "Katou Tsjolam", a Malayalam dialect name for the plant figured. As the plate shows characters of two different taxa, an epitype of Scleria terrestris is designated here to fix the current usage of the name.


The first section of the bibliography contains 294 bibliographic citations and abstracts of relevant reports, articles, and documents announced in 'Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports (STAR)' and 'International Aerospace Abstracts (IAA)'. These abstracts are categorized by the following major subject divisions: aeronautics, astronautics, chemistry and materials, engineering, geosciences, life sciences, mathematical and computer sciences, physics, social sciences, space sciences and general. Following the abstract section, seven indexes are provided for further assistance.


Abstract Our earlier studies have shown that heavy alcohol intake increases the serum concentration of HDL2. The present study aimed to test which HDL subfraction is affected by moderate alcohol intake, and to examine the time‐ and dose‐dependency of alcohol‐induced changes in serum lipoproteins. Therefore, 30 or 60 g day‐1 of alcohol were given to 10 healthy male volunteers during two 3‐week periods separated by an abstinence period of 3 weeks. Lipoproteins were fractioned by sequential flotation. On both doses the total HDL3 concentrations rose progressively, the maximum increases being 10 and 25% at the end of respective drinking periods. In contrast, the HDL2 increased slightly only on the dose of 60 g day‐1. The serum concentrations of apoprotein A‐I and A‐II increased on both doses but significantly only on the dose of 60 g day‐1; the increments being 22 and 35%, respectively. On the basis of these and our earlier findings we conclude that (i) the effects of heavy and moderate alcohol intake on serum HDL‐subfractions are different: the former preferentially increases the HDL2 whereas the latter augments the HDL3; (ii) alcohol‐induced changes in serum lipoproteins are both time‐ and dose‐dependent.


If " Four faces surrounded by lotuses and three by willows, mountain scenery as the whole city and half covered by lake." is the wonderful portraiture of the Spring city Jinan, then "Every family has springs and willow " is the real description of Hibiscus Street and its surrounding houses. Hibiscus Street is located in the heart of the old city, the residential architecture has been preserved relatively intact. Though Hibiscus Street located in the north, it has characteristics of the southern residential, that is why it has important research values.


The main water mass present in the Bay of Biscay is the subpolar East North Atlantic Central Water (ENACWsp) which is defi ned by cold and low salinity waters. In winter and spring, the area was fl owed by the Iberian Poleward Current (IPC) which is characterised by subtropical East North Atlantic Central Water (ENACWst) with high values of temperature and salinity (spicy waters). The intrusions of the IPC into the Bay of Biscay generate a mesoscale front due to the interaction of these two water masses. In order to characterise the IPC intrusions in the study area we used the spiciness (s), a state variable which is sensitive to isopycnal thermohaline variations and is defi ned as higher for warm and salty water. With the objective of determining the infl uence of the IPC in the southern Bay of Biscay we developed an iterative algorithm which works by using the distribution of spiciness along the shelf in search of a theoretical mesoscale frontal confi guration (Fig. 1).


Engels' history with joint forces theory says that historical joint forces consisted by interactional various factors are the ultimate cause of the social development,in the final analysis,the economic agent plays decision role among these various factors and at the idiographic historical period,the factor playing a leading role is changeable.


The main purpose of this paper is to study the Pareto equilibrium for multiobjective games in general topological spaces without any linear and convexity structure. Following the method introduced by Nikaido and Isoda (1955), this paper defines an aggregate payoff function, and next then, determines some restrictions on the aggregate function which guarantee the existence of weighted Nash equilibrium for multiobjective games in general topological spaces without any linear and convexity structure. As consequences, two new Pareto equilibrium existence theorems for multiobjective games are obtained in general topological spaces without any linear and convexity structure.


Newspapers use language as a tool to create power structures based on gender; and it is through specific vocabulary that they present men and women as different stereotypes in the society. Through language choices not only men and women are presented as different but also as unequal: the former is powerful while the later is powerless, the former is independent while the later is dependant. The present paper attempts to analyze news reporting in the Pakistani print media with special focus on the relationship between gender and language used in crime report headings. It is examined how gender specific adjectives are used to create the reality of women as weak, subdued, and submissive; while men are projected as empowered, dominant and authoritative. Out of the selected four newspapers two are English (Dawn and The News) while two are Urdu (Jang and Khabrain). From these newspapers the headings of crime reports that project the relationship between gender and choice of adjectives, have been sorted out and analyzed under two categories: category 'A' deals with adjectives used for men while category 'B' deals with adjectives used for women. 74 Language in Pakistani Crime Reporting: Use of Gender Specific Adjectives Issue in the Context of Pakistani Society In the traditional patriarchal society of Pakistan gender ideologies and differentiations in terms of male supremacy and female subordination are formed in all the walks of life. Like most of the fields, Pakistani media works under a structure in which women are insecure sufferers and passive victims. This media projection is in fact a reproduction of the existing and established image of women in our society. In general in the Pakistani society a prejudice against women exists in all the spheres of life; thus Pakistani news papers, both English and Urdu, also give a biased and prejudiced coverage to women in crime reporting. This prejudice and bias is created through gender specific vocabulary as well as language structures. Aim of the Research The aim of the research is to high-light how Pakistani newspapers use language, particularly adjectives, in crime reporting as a tool to project women as dependant and weak stereotypes in opposition to dominant and powerful men; and how biased reporting reinforces the stereotypes in the society. Significance of the Research Since media is a reflector of the sociological makeup of a society, the deconstruction of language used for crime reporting can significantly contribute to the understanding of gender framework operating in the society. In the Pakistani context, this paper will bring forward the existing image of women in the society, and the role of media in portraying this biased image. Hence, it will generate further interest in the subject for further studies in the area. It is also expected that in the general broader context of place of women in the Pakistani society, it will add to the awareness of general public/readers regarding the image of women in media.


Settling in a new country exposes immigrants to various health risk factors, and the existing literature alludes to immigrant women being more vulnerable than men. This article highlights some of the difficulties faced by West African women while settling into life in Australia. A qualitative design was used to explore the experiences of West African immigrant women living in Sydney, Australia. Data were collected using audiotaped face-to-face interviews, and narratives were transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed. Twenty-one West African women participated in this study. The findings revealed the many challenges that participants faced after immigrating to their new country, and these are presented under the following themes: beginning again and experiencing loneliness and isolation. Participants encountered difficulties in developing social networks and obtaining employment, and as a result, they felt lonely and isolated. Therefore, nurses and health care professionals need to incorporate screening for precursors of emotional and social well-being issues when caring for this population.


Ocular cystinosis is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the CTNS gene, which encodes a lysosomal cystine transporter protein. This results in the accumulation of cystine crystals in various ocular structures, leading to a range of ocular manifestations. The incidence of cystinosis is estimated to be 1 in 100,000 to 200,000 live births, with a higher prevalence in certain populations such as those of European descent. We report the case of a 5-year-old child with ocular cystinosis. The ophthalmological examination revealed a photophobic child with a visual acuity of 3/10 in both eyes (Pigassou scale), and diffuse stromal crystal deposits over the entire cornea in both eyes. The rest of the examination was unremarkable. The patient was referred to pediatrics for work-up of storage disease and was diagnosed with ocular and nephrological cystinosis. The patient was able to start general treatment with Mercaptamine with improvement in renal function, but was unable to obtain local treatment due to lack of funds. The patient is still being followed in our clinic with stable corneal involvement. Ocular cystinosis is a very rare genetic disorder. There are three main types of cystinosis: nephropathic cystinosis and non-nephropathic cystinosis. Nephropathic cystinosis divides further on infantile and intermediate. The most common ocular manifestation of cystinosis is corneal cystine crystal deposit, which typically presents in the first year of life and can lead to photophobia, tearing, and decreased visual acuity. The corneal crystals can also cause recurrent erosions, which can be very painful. The severity of corneal involvement can range from mild punctate deposition to severe confluent crystal accumulation that can lead to corneal scarring and vision loss. Cysteamine drops, which are a form of cysteamine hydrochloride, can help dissolve the cystine crystals and improve corneal clarity, prevent further vision loss, and reduce the frequency of recurrent erosions.
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in preventing further ocular damage in individuals with cystinosis. Regular ophthalmologic examinations should be conducted to monitor for ocular manifestations and initiate treatment as early as possible. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary, involving ophthalmologists, nephrologists, and other specialists, to manage the systemic manifestations of cystinosis.


A new method for improving polygonizations of implicit surfaces with sharp features is proposed. The method is based on the observation that, given an implicit surface with sharp features, a triangle mesh whose triangles are tangent to the implicit surface at certain inner triangle points gives a better approximation of the implicit surface than the standard marching cubes mesh Lorensen(in our experiments we use VTK marching cubes VTK). First, given an initial triangle mesh, its dual mesh composed of the triangle centroids is considered. Then the dual mesh is modified such that its vertices are placed on the implicit surface and the mesh dual to the modified dual mesh is considered. Finally the vertex positions of that "double dual" mesh are optimized by minimizing a quadratic energy measuring a deviation of the mesh normals from the implicit surface normals computed at the vertices of the modified dual mesh. In order to achieve an accurate approximation of fine surface features, these basic steps are combined with adaptive mesh subdivision and curvature-weighted vertex resampling. The proposed method outperforms approaches based on the mesh evolution paradigm in speed and accuracy.


cmoiiicil, nweu t o ita) the presidents oni the genelral liosp,ital situation. As a resuilt of recent legislation, said H is Royal Highness, the couicils of the county anid couinity boroughs were endleavouring to hril o all iosl)itals inlto, clos"er tolulch wNithi oile (aun10ther. it seems clear thiat aIItthorities generlally still recog,i6ze the imiiportanice of rita ininol the volitiitai'sy!'teimi sio tl at aniy miiilor ahailges wlhich do ccclir in. the oro'n.-izatioli of voluntary h)ospitals w-ill h)e directed towards co-ordinating their work with the othiler types of lhospital adminiistering to the lhealtli of the commnuiiiiiiity. It will therefore still he the priv ilege of the wvorkers of the League of erecy iiot only to colitiliie the support thiey h"av-e gilren in the lpast, biut also to p-er5oade pieolo l to openiip) fic.si districts wh-lerever, ani oplpotunitv offers. It is only by this mileanis that we cani suiccessfu1ly) compilete with the e-ver-increasing finanicial demands of iaodlern mnedicine an(d s,urgery. . . Disinterested service emaills our object, anid in this spirit I wish you all success in. your activities during the cominig year." Thie Prinice tbieii maizitle several l)presetations of tl;e Order of Mercy, -anid three ladies wver invested with the bar to the Ol(rl. Lord 3IXa-L-rshall, lhoniorary treasirer, said that the inicomiie for tIme year had more than equialled last y'ear''s total. Thlie gI;rand total of inicoimie wvas £26,400, comiipare(d witlh £26,143 in 1928. The doniationi niadle to Kinig Ew,(!iard's Hosspital iuiiuid as £17,000, and the granits to e-Ntranetrolpolitan hospitals anioimiite(l t( £8,399, ma-lking a total of ;£26,399, compared w-ithi £25,200 tile plreviouis year. Lord Movilifian. of Leeds thleni gave ani address, in wvliieli lie exp)lressed to the niemii)ers of the, league thie profound respect andI conogratulationis of the medical professioni for all that tlhey. lad done folr time lhospitals. There niever was a titime w-licilhospitals were so well equipped, so well served hy members of the miiedical profession, or lheld in such hiigl lublic esteemil. The effect of tihe nie. Local CoGverinmeumt Act would be that the iuimlber of beds available for lpatients woultd he milore, thani doubled, b)iit Lor-d Moyniban remindedl thle company that 'while the nimliber of beds wouldl b,e (otibled, it was niot possiblec at the samiie r-ate to iiitcreC-e teiLunwber of officers-phiysicianis aiid stmi-gecius aiiln otlie Ieembers of tile staff-iiecessary for carlrying oni tLhe work. It was therefore essential that progress in cAillue-Xion with the niew hospitals shiouldI be slow uiiitil silffi-icint timiie lhad eclapgsed fol time traininig of tme niecessarv 1ersoililel. He ur-ged the League(of Mercy to extenid its excellenit efforts. Tile proceediiigs closed wvithi a fev nor(lds by Pi-ince ss Mary ill resp)oilse to a vote of thanks.


The doctrine of transferred malice has few champions among academic lawyers. It operates to explain the decision of a court in cases where an accused, acting with the requisite mens rea of an offence, causes a result which is unintended in some way. For example, the accused, intending to kill A, shoots at A but misses and kills B, who is standing next to A. The fact that the accused is found guilty of the murder of B, even though he bore no ill-will towards B, is said to be based on the notion of the 'malice' towards A being 'transferred' to B. Some have argued that this doctrine is inconsistent with our notions of subjective responsibility' and that its use should be abandoned. From a different standpoint, Patient2 has argued that the doctrine is outdated and misleading, and that a straightforward application of the principles of actus reus and mens rea makes its use unnecessary. In many criminal law courses, this topic tends to be dealt with by a cursory reference to some nineteenth-century cases, with little discussion of its applicability in recent times. In view of this, it is surprising to see the doctrine being given a new lease of life by the Court of Appeal in Re Attorney General's Reference (No 3 of 1994).4