The adoption of a bioenergy crop is affected by various factors, including but not limited to the characteristics of farmers, farm economics, market forces, and physical environment. This study develops a spatially explicit agent‐based model for ascertaining the adoption rate of carinata (Brassica carinata) among the farmers in the Little River Experimental Watershed located in the southern state of Georgia in the United States. Each farmer's adoption behavior is modeled using the profitability difference between traditional crop rotations (with and without carinata at different contract prices), the adoption rate of neighboring farmers, and their land allocation decisions from managing a risky portfolio of enterprises. Carinata production in the winter season once every 3 years has no conflict with the most profitable and popular traditional row crop rotations, such as cotton‐cotton‐cotton and cotton‐cotton‐peanut, to a larger extent. The results show that 28% and 85% of farmers in the watershed will adopt carinata after 33 years at a contract price of $13/bushel (bu) under two different assumptions of low (2.5%) and high (5%) initial neighborhood adoption rates. The proportions of land allocated to carinata to the total farmland under field crops are 38% and 85% after 33 years under the same low and high neighborhood adoption rates, respectively. Our results suggest that fixing the appropriate contract price of carinata will bring additional profits to farmers without any significant foreseeable agronomic risks, thereby increasing the adoption rate of carinata at a regional level.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of cerebral angiography in each energy level by using dual energy technique in CT. Methods were performed on 15 DE images and SE images of CT angiography. For the analysis of images, mean value, standard deviation, SNR and CNR value were determined by setting ROI on MCA, brain parenchyma tissue, and back ground. As a result of concurrent visual evaluation with Likert 5 point scale, the clearest MCA image was confirmed at DE 40 keV and SE 120 kVp(p>0.05). The SNR value of the SE image was measured to be similar to the 40 keV energy level of the DE image. The low energy level image of 40 keV and 50 keV was measured with a high SNR and the contrast ratio was higher than that of the high energy image.


Introduction Balloon kyphoplasty is a procedure to stabilize osteoporotic and/or cancer related VCFs. However, there is a technique inherent problem with the amount of reduction; when filling the balloons, an acceptable reduction is achieved. However, the resulting final reduction after cementing is ~25% lower due to the partial collapse after balloons deflation. To avoid loss of reduction, a newer technique has been introduced, based on the principles of balloon kyphoplasty and vascular stenting. Methods A prospective cohort study of clinical and radiographic results after vertebral body stenting(VBS) for treatment of vertebral compression fractures(VCFs). To evaluate effectiveness of VBS as a new technique to treat symptomatic VCFs. A total of 33 patients with 52 symptomatic VCFs were enrolled in a prospective study of VBS. Clinical outcomes were measured pre- and postoperatively using the visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and ambulatory status (AS). All outcomes were assessed before the procedure, and at 1, 12, 24, and 36 weeks after the procedure. Results The median VAS scores went from 10.0 preoperatively to 1.0 at last follow-up. The pre-operative ODI score was 80 preoperatively, improved to 18 at last follow up. The ability to move independently and ease of ambulation significantly improved after the procedure (P ˂ 0.001). The median kyphosis angle was 15.0 degrees preoperatively and decreased by a median of 4.5 degrees postoperatively. Conclusions Patients with symptomatic VCFs had significant improvements in back pain, function, and quality of life following VBS. The results of percutaneous vertebral body stenting in osteoporotic fractures may encourage surgeons in future to widen the indications and use these techniques to successfully restore anterior column in traumatic non-osteoporotic fractures in conjunction with posterior instrumentation.


Given as a foreword to the translation of selected fragments of Ibn Khaldun's Muqaddima (Introduction to History) presented below, this paper analyzes a state of art and in the field of study and interpretation of Ibn Khaldun's philosophy of history and society basing on his Muqaddima. The author discusses various approaches to the translation of Ibn Khaldun's key concepts like 'umran, 'asabiyya, badw, hadar and an extent to which is possible to use his theory as conceptual framework for contemporary research of social evolution of Middle Eastern and Islamic societies.


The purpose of the article is to obtain new results in the form of scientific conclusions due to the possibilities of the spores and pollen analysis method in establishing within forensic soil examination the affiliation of layers on contaminated objects to a specific local area. Methodology. The reliability of the obtained results and conclusions is ensured by a comprehensive approach to the use of the following research methods: empirical (description, measurement, comparison, experiment), general-logic (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special (biological, mathematical, statistical). The use of these methods made it possible to conduct a thorough microscopic examination of soil samples using the spores and pollen analysis method and to draw conclusions about the genus and group affiliation of the compared samples, thus confirming the method's ability to solve such problems. Scientific novelty. The possibility of using the spores and pollen analysis method to establish the affiliation of layers on contaminated objects to a specific local area issubstantiated and experimentally confirmed. Conclusions. In the course of the research, it proved that pollen and spores of plants alongside with a complex of soil features can be used as an informative indicator while solving the tasks of forensic soil examination. According to the results of the microscopic examination of soil samples from the shovel and from the scene, the based on which the problems of their similarity will be solved. The results of microscopic study of soil samples from the shovel and from the scene revealed features of the composition of palynoflora and the percentage of components of spore-pollen spectra of samples, which allowed to identify a number of important indicators on the basis of which the problem of their similarity can be solved. The composition and quantitative content of taxa of the main plants groups (trees, shrubs and grasses, as well as spore plants) in soil samples were determined, the percentage ratio of pollen and spores of these plants groups in the total composition of the spectra of the researched samples was calculated, statistical results were processed, which allowed to conclude their general genus and group affiliation. peculiarities of the composition of palynoflora and the percentage content of components of the spores and pollen spectra of the samples were revealed. This allowed the authors to highlight a number of important indicators


Purpose: To investigate the influence of intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering eye drops on myopic retinoschisis. Methods: We investigated myopic retinoschisis patients with high myopia (defined as a myopic refractive error more than -8.0 di-opters or an axial length longer than 26.5 mm), who were suspected of having glaucomatous optic neuropathy, using IOP-low-ering eye drops between April 2014 and December 2018. We retrospectively analyzed the changes in optical coherence tomography findings after 6 months using IOP-lowering eye drops. The progression of retinoschisis was assessed by analyzing retinal volume changes. A decrease in the total retina volume and a decrease in volume more than 10% in one section out of five without more than a 10% volume increase in any other section was defined as resolution of myopic retinoschisis. The opposite case was defined as an aggravation. Results: We analyzed 17 eyes of 15 patients with high myopia. Six of 17 eyes (35.3%) showed a resolution of myopic retinoschisis at 6 months after using IOP-lowering eye drops. Of the 17 eyes, two (11.8%) experienced progression of myopic retinoschisis. Seven out of 14 eyes (50.0%) who were followed-up over 1 year showed resolution of myopic retinoschisis, and two eyes (14.3%) experienced progression of myopic retinoschisis. There was no macular hole development or posterior vitre-ous detachment during the follow-up period in the seven eyes, and there was no significant correlation between the absolute value of the initial IOP, axial length, IOP change, and degree of improvement of myopic retinoschisis. Conclusions: The use of IOP-lowering eye drops on highly myopic eyes with retinoschisis showed a significant improvement of myopic retinoschisis, when compared to previous studies. These findings suggest the possibility of IOP-lowering eye drops de-laying or improving the natural course of myopic retinoschisis.


We examined the co-occurrence of and adolescents' emotional reaction to self-reported experiences of psychologically, physically, and sexually aggressive behaviors in their dating relationships. Participants were 317 boys and 310 girls (Grades 7, 9, or 11). The most common co-occurrence pattern was experiencing all three forms of dating violence. More girls than boys were upset by their worst nonsexual and sexual dating violence experiences. Discriminant function analyses indicated that individual and environmental characteristics were associated with girls' and with boys' upset reaction to experiences of nonsexual and sexual dating violence; a group of girls and a group of boys who were not upset by their experience were also differentiated. To better understand adolescents' experiences of dating violence, we must take into account that many youths experience multiple forms of aggressive behavior and assess their emotional reaction to their experiences.


The Extended Curriculum Programme (ECP) is an academic foundation programme established and supported by South Africa's Department of Higher Education and Training as a route and an enabling environment for educationally disadvantaged, underprepared, unprepared, and at-risk students to access and succeed in higher education. However, beyond the academic concerns for students enrolled on this programme, there are social issues that could hinder the success of the enrolled students. This study examines the challenges of students enrolled in Extended Curriculum Programme in a selected university in South Africa. Using a qualitative research method, data was collected following a focus group discussion comprising twelve groups in the Faculty of Management and Commerce ECP first-year students. This study found that students face a number of challenges including information asymmetry, mismatch between high school subjects and university courses, transitioning from high school to university setting, inadequate and unequal academic support, and stigmatization. The findings imply a need for guidance and counselling in the choice of a future career at high school level, an awareness about ECP, and strengthened support beyond academic support by improving social integration and boosting ECP students' self-confidence. Government and institutions need to introduce educational anti-stigma interventions to correct individuals' and society's misinformed perceptions about ECP programmes and to promote awareness about the potential and possibilities of the programme.


The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on soil nutrient supplying, yield and its nitrogen uptaking of rice plant was studied and the results showed as follows: The basal, tiller and spikelet fertilizer played an effective rote from fertilizer application to plant maturity, critical leaf age of productive tillering and maturity respectively. The group without application of basal fertilizer was small and accumulated less amount of nitrogen in all life than that with the treatment; While the difference was small between the group without and with application of tiller fertilizer. Amount of accumulative nitrogen was influenced only from critical leaf [WT5",6BZ]age of productive tiller stage to jointing stage under without tiller fertilizer, from jointing stage to maturing stage under without spikelet fertilizer and only at maturing stage under without grain fertilizer. Under the condition of reaching expective ears per hm 2 at critical leaf age stage of productive tiller, no or less application of tiller fertilizer and increase of the amount of spikelet and grain fertilizer had the advantage to raise percentage of productive stems to total stems, increase spikelets per ear and per unit ear and percentage of spiketlet filling, and raise the yield.


An important benchmark for closed-loop flow control is the suppression of the von Karman vortex street in the wake of a circular cylinder at a Reynolds number of 100. A low-dimensional Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) is applied to the flow field and a four sensor configuration is placed based on the intensity of the resulting spatial Eigenfunctions. This effort focuses on the performance of a non-linear Artificial Neural Network Estimator (ANNE) used for real-time mapping of flow field sensors to POD states. This investigation examines the sensitivity of ANNE by varying the number of neurons in the hidden layer. The aim is to determine if there is an optimum number of neurons in the hidden layer. Three input data sets were studied, the first had no noise on the training and testing data, the second had 10% noise applied to the training and testing data, and the third had 25% noise applied to the training and testing data sets. In all cases 50 randomly selected training data sets were applied to the back-propagating network. A separate data set was used for testing the feed-forward network. During the validation process, network outputs were compared to desired outputs and the Root Mean Squared (RMS) error was calculated for each of the four output nodes. Results show that in general, the more nodes in the hidden layer the better the performance of the network. However, there appeared to be a consistently reduced error when eight (8) nodes were used in the hidden layer. Results from ANNE when compared to the state-of-the-art Linear Stochastic Estimator (LSE) shows significant benefits.


This guide is designed for graduate students in the nursing DNP progam These tutorials will help you search the CINAHL database.


The general use of the Spearman-Brown formula for calculating the reliability of parallel tests with different lengths is reviewed. The importance of the assumption that the component tests be parallel is noted and the property that parallel tests must be non-negatively correlated is derived. It is concluded that one should pay close attention to the theory underlying an analysis.


We report the new experimental data on the phase-matching properties of the CsLiB6O10 crystals grown at Osaka university together with the improved Sellmeier's equations and thermo-optic dispersion formula that reproduce well our new experimental results.


Nearly a decade after he left office as the first incumbent President to be defeated in a re-election bid since Herbert Hoover in 1932, Jimmy Carter's public visibility and reputation have been reviving. President Ronald Reagan's Iranian quandaries may have started this rebound, leading to a retrospective public upgrading of Carter's performance. A poll taken in late 1986, shortly after the Iran-Contra affair broke, indicated that 44 percent of those surveyed thought Reagan was doing a poor job handling relations with Iran, compared to 26 percent who thought Carter did a poor job.' Since then, Carter has been active as an international election observer, conflict mediator, and convener of discussions on global issues, leading to a spate of laudatory press stories. A New York Times piece stated, "Jimmy Carter the man is winning praise as a role model for ex-presidents from the Washington crowd that labeled him a feckless chief executive," while a Time magazine feature asserted that "Carter has emerged as the best ex-president the U.S. has had since Herbert Hoover."2 On the other hand, for many college students today, Carter is viewed as a "failed president," whose term was marked by personal vacillation, deteriorating living standards at home, and the decline of American power abroad.


The purpose of this work is the modeling and prototyping of quasi-conformal constraint contacts and the investigation of their positioning ability for compliant bodies, specifically for the holding of mice in optical imaging setups. The direct application of this work is the restraint of laboratory mice for biological imaging of micronand submicron-scale biological structures. No existing research has measured the shear stiffness of mouse facial tissue or modeled the effect of quasi-conformal contact constraints on nonlinear materials. The constraint devices and techniques currently available for mice have limitations that have prevented further exploration of their biological structures. The theoretical model, design rationale, and testing results of a prototype device utilizing quasi-conformal constraints are presented in this thesis. This device is capable of restraining anesthetized mice to sub-micron movement in all axes of translation, without additional surgery or discomfort to the mouse. With the findings presented in this thesis, the design of further optimized devices can be made-both for anesthetized and awake mice-enabling further studies in bone marrow and neural activity that are currently impossible. This could ultimately lead to breakthroughs in stem cell and neurobiological research. Thesis Supervisor: Martin L. Culpepper Title: Professor of Mechanical Engineering


Blazars – active galaxies with the jet pointing at Earth – emit across all electromagnetic wavelengths. The so-called one-zone model has described well both quiescent and flaring states, however it cannot explain the radio emission. In order to self-consistently describe the entire electromagnetic spectrum, extended jet models are necessary. Notably, kinetic descriptions of extended jets can provide the temporal and spatial evolution of the particle species and the full electromagnetic output. Here, we present the initial results of a recently developed hadronic extended-jet code. As protons take much longer than electrons to lose their energy, they can transport energy over much larger distances than electrons and are therefore essential for the energy transport in the jet. Furthermore, protons can inject additional leptons through pion and Bethe-Heitler pair production, which can explain a dominant leptonic radiation signal while still producing neutrinos. We will present a detailed parameter study and provide insights into the different blazar sub-classes.


The mechanical equations of material systems that were given previously by M. Mathisson are derived with the help of retarded potentials for a system that i s found in MINKOWSKI space and is characterized by its mass and angular impulse to a sufficient degree of appro ximation. That will permit an intuitive interpretation of the gravitational multipoles that we re introduced by MATHISSON and which replace the system. If one can restrict the development of the g ravitational potential outside of the world-tube to the monopole and dipole terms then the pole strength will give the energy-impulse four-vector, and the dipole strength will give the angular impulse. If one demands that the gravitational equations must be satisfied then one will obtain the law of the conservation of ma ss nd the equations of motion of the system.


The purpose of this phenomenological study was to understand teachers' experiences related to the implementation of Reading First in the classroom and more specifically, how Reading First has impacted curriculum, instruction, assessment, student achievement, and professional development. The participants for this study were five certified, kindergarten and first grade public school teachers. In depth interviews were conducted with each participant regarding her experiences with the implementation of Reading First. Once collected, the data was then analyzed according to a method advanced by Moustakas (1994) and reported. Findings and recommendations included, but were not limited to the following: 1. There are advantages and disadvantages for both students and teachers. The biggest disadvantage for teachers was the lack of flexibility and instructional decision-making imposed by Reading First. 2. Most of the teachers felt there needed to be more of a focus on comprehension, not just phoneme segmentation and oral reading fluency. 3. Some teachers felt that Reading First hurts some of the kids, especially the lowest kids and the above level kids. 4. All participants in this study reported collaboration with other teachers, interventionists, and reading coaches regarding curriculum, instruction, assessment and student achievement. 5. All of the teachers stated that they have received professional training as a result of Reading First which in turn has helped them to become more effective teachers. The researcher believes that the administrators of Reading First need to be more flexible and receptive to the input of those, namely teachers, who implement the directives. There needs to be a course of action allowing for a review to be done and modifications to be made to ensure that the premise of Reading First is upheld.


Abstract Although the amount of ozone in the atmosphere is rather small compared with other gases its importance in several respects is rather great. This is mainly due to the high absorption and reacting capacities of ozone. The absorption capacity becomes apparent among other ways in the fact that the ozone layer of the atmosphere absorbs the excessive ultraviolet radiation coming from space as well as heat radiation from the earth. On the other hand, the reacting capacity can best be observed in numerous harmful oxidation phenomena, among which a typical example is the cracking of the surface of rubber products, caused by ozone. Generation and distribution of ozone in the atmosphere.—It is assumed that ozone is generated in the upper atmosphere photochemically under the influence of ultraviolet radiation. The shortwave ultraviolet radiation of a wavelength of about 2000 A breaks the oxygen molecules into atoms that combine with other oxygen molecules to form ozone. The ozone in turn absorbs ultraviolet...


Systems, methods, and computer program products are described for Specifying a Scanning area of a Substrate. In accordance with one method, Steps include receiving loca tion data corresponding to a plurality of probe-feature loca tions on the Substrate, Storing the location data, accessing the location data, and Scanning the Substrate based on the accessed location data. A Scanning System is described that includes a computer, a Scanner, and a computer program product. The product, when executed on the computer, accesses location data corresponding to a plurality of probe feature locations on a Substrate, and controls the Scanner's Scanning of the Substrate based on the accessed location data.


This study aims to analyze the pattern of specialization of international trade in the state of Mato Grosso, identifying the most dynamic productive sectors between 1999 and 2014. In this sense, the Revealed Comparative Advantage Symmetric indices (IVCRS) was calculated, as well as the Intra-Industry Trade indicator (CII), the Industry Concentration of Exports (ICS) indicator and the Imports Coverage Rate (CT) based on data obtained from the Bureau of Foreign Trade - SECEX. The results indicated that despite the fact that the state aims to strive for diversification of the productive sector and thus the export portfolio, it continues to be predominantly composed of sectors based on natural resources. Accordingly, it is noteworthy that the sectors specialized in international trade are those with conventional comparative advantages.


This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of traditional and online assessments and examine the perceptions and performance of undergraduate students towards these assessment methods. The study holds significance because it provides valuable insights into the effectiveness and appropriateness of these assessments, considering the recent surge in online education and assessments of undergraduates. An online survey questionnaire divided into three sections was used as a research tool used for data collection, addressing the advantages/disadvantages, perceptions, and performance of students. The sample population consisted of 120 students from three universities: GC Women University Sialkot, Punjab University, and Government Murray College. The findings reveal the traditional assessment methods are better than online which make positive impact on the performance of undergraduate students. This study contributes to the existing literature and provides recommendations to improve assessment practices in universities to ensure valid measurement of knowledge and abilities. Overall, the research provides significant knowledge into students' experiences and directs institutions towards improving evaluation procedures to meet the needs of learners.


Vibrating wire sensors with characteristics of high precision and small size have been widely used in monitoring for dam safety. In this article, operation theory, characteristics for the sensors and their application in seepage observation, crack observation, soil quality deformation observation, settlement observation are presented. By introducing project examples, it has shown that vibrating wire sensors can meet the requirements for most monitoring projects now.


Radionuclidesampling in 1986 and 1993 in the Canada Basin, and in 1993 in theAmundsen Basin and on the adjacent Laptev shelf, provides new insights into the origin, timing, pathways, and mechanisms for dispersal of non-fallout radioactive tracers in the Arctic Ocean. First, samples from the Beaufort Sea shelf, slope, and adjacentbasin show a four-fold increase in 129I concentrationsfrom 1986 to 1993. Second, anthropogenic non-fallout radionuclide concentrations in the Beaufort Sea increasewith proximity to slope boundarycurrents.Third, there is evidence for riverine contributions of anthropogenic radionuclides to surface waters of the Amundsen Basin and the Laptev continental shelf. This evidence includes high surface water burdens of 237Np and 129I, with the maximum in anthropogenic129I found in the least saline andmost 18O-depletedwaters, consistentwith an origin in high-latitude runoff.Additionally, the 237Np/129I atom ratios in the Laptev Sea andAmundsen Basin in 1993 were signiŽ cantly lower than observed elsewhere in the Arctic Ocean and can be reasonably explained by 129I added during transit of the Russian shelves. The 240Pu/239Pu ratios in the water column were mostly near 0.18, consistent both with stratospheric bomb fallout and with the discharged-weighted mean SellaŽ eld ratio during 1966–1985. In the least saline water samples collected at the most shallow Laptev shelf station, however, the Pu ratios were lower, consistentwith a non-Europeannuclear fuel reprocessingsource.There are clear secondarymaxima in 237Np and 129I 1. Environmental Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831-6038,U.S.A. email: firstname.lastname@example.com 2. U.S. Department of Energy, 201 Varick Street, Fifth Floor, New York, New York, 10014,U.S.A. 3. Current address: 7 Pine Cone Lane, Sparta, New Jersey, 07871,U.S.A. 4. Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, U.S.A. 5. PaciŽ c Northwest National Laboratory, Battelle Boulevard, Richland,Washington, 99352,U.S.A. 6. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, U.S.A. Journal of Marine Research, 57, 715–738, 1999


The problem for hybrid function projection synchronization and parameter identification of different dimension chaotic systems is researched in this paper,for hybrid function projection synchronization is the state variables of the response system and the corresponding state variables of the driving system realize synchronization by different function proportion respectively.Based on Lyapunov stability theorem,an adaptive controller is designed to realize hybrid function projection synchronization between the different dimension chaotic systems,and construct identification rules of the systems' unknown parameters,with famous hyperchaos Chen system and Lorenz system as numerical simulation example,the results of simulation further demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller and the correctness of identification rules of parameters.The result in this paper extends the mixed projection synchronization of the same dimensional chaotic systems by using constant diagonal matrix to the mixed function projection synchronization of different dimensional chaotic systems by function diagonal matrix.


OBJECTIVE:
Assess the effectiveness of mindfulness-based therapy in treating somatization disorders.
 BACKGROUND:
Mindfulness-based therapies are the clinical application of principles found in Buddhism and other spiritual practices, involving the key element of nonjudgmental acceptance of physical pain or psychological distress, thereby reducing the tendency to ruminate over and catastrophize these experiences. Such therapy has been used effectively to treat a variety of physical and psychological disorders, including depression, anxiety, and chronic pain. Recently, several lines of research have explored the potential for mindfulness-therapy in treating somatization disorders, including fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and irritable bowel syndrome.
 DESIGN/METHODS:
Thirteen studies were identified using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library as fulfilling the present criteria of employing randomized controlled trials to determine the efficacy of any form of mindfulness-based therapy in treating somatization disorders. A meta-analysis of the effects of mindfulness-based therapy on pain, symptom severity, quality of life, depression, and anxiety was performed to determine the potential of this form of treatment. The study was performed using Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines.
 RESULTS:
While limited in power, the meta-analysis indicated a small to moderate positive effect of mindfulness-based therapies (compared to wait-list or support group controls) in reducing pain (SMD = -0.21, 95% CI: -0.37, -0.03; p<0.05), symptom severity (SMD = -0.40, 95% CI: -0.54, -0.26; p<0.001), depression (SMD = -0.23, 95% CI: -0.40, -0.07, p<0.01), and anxiety (SMD = -0.20, 95% CI: -0.42, 0.02, p=0.07) and improving quality of life (SMD = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.59; p<0.001) in patient with somatization disorders. Subgroup analyses indicated that the efficacy of mindfulness-based therapies was most consistent for irritable bowel syndrome (p<0.001 for pain, symptom severity, and quality of life).
 CONCLUSIONS:
Preliminary evidence suggests that mindfulness-based therapies may be effective in treating at least some aspects of somatization disorders including reducing pain, symptom severity, depression, and anxiety, while improving quality of life. Further research is warranted. Disclosure: Dr. Shaheen has nothing to disclose.


A finite ring with an identity whose lattice of ideals forms a unique chain is called a finite chain ring. Let R be a commutative chain ring with invariants p,n,r,k,m. It is known that R is an Eisenstein extension of degree k of a Galois ring S=GR(pn,r). If p−1 does not divide k, the structure of the unit group U(R) is known. The case (p−1)∣k was partially considered by M. Luis (1991) by providing counterexamples demonstrated that the results of Ayoub failed to capture the direct decomposition of U(R). In this article, we manage to determine the structure of U(R) when (p−1)∣k by fixing Ayoub's approach. We also sharpen our results by introducing a system of generators for the unit group and enumerating the generators of the same order.


This chapter looks at tumours of the nasal planum; tumours of the nasal cavity; tumours of the larynx and trachea; tumours of the lungs; tumours of the chest wall; tumours of the heart; tumours of the thymus; mesothelioma.


The study reviewed the researches about supporting English writing with technology.English writing need analysis was conducted at Yunnan Agricultural University.It was demonstrated that student English writing skill can be enhanced by integrating traditional teaching resources with online teaching resources,and combining traditional classroom teaching with web-based teaching.The writing process approach has been applied in the teaching context.The problems and strategies have been put forward for this teaching model.


Dean, Secretary General, professors, students, friends, I thank you from the bottom of my heart for this honor. By awarding me a degree of this university you make me one of you and I'm proud to join you and I thank you. As for professor Alegre's summary of my work, may I say, I never liked my ideas so much as when I heard him describe them. So I'm very glad for that, it was very quite wonderful. I wanted this evening to say a little bit about international law. I represent a citizen of one country, I come here, you are part of the international community, more responsive and aware of your role in that respect than most citizens of my country are. And international law, I believe, will become a matter of increasing importance, indeed perhaps one day of paramount importance to the survival of our civilizations. When I was first taught about international law I was in Oxford, as you can gather, almost a hundred years ago. And at that time the most important question that my teachers addressed was "is there any such thing as international law?" That was a question bound to appear on the examination paper, so we paid a lot of attention to it. That doesn't seem any longer to be a pertinent question. All international lawyers or statesmen or Ministers of State seem to assume that there is international law and that, for example, the statutes and edicts of the United Nations are part of international law. But old philosophical puzzles are never solved. They simply go out of fashion. And the worries that come to the question "is there any such thing as international law" are still vivid. The great importance to my mind and thinking about what international law properly understood really is, comes when we must interpret what we say is international law, we must interpret it and apply it to the most politically charged issues. For example, just now there is much debate about the status under the laws of war and under the Geneva Conventions of international terrorist organizations, that don't occupy any territory and whose soldiers do not wear uniforms. The question arises:


In this work, Zn, Al, Pt, Ag, and Au nonmagnetic metallic films were deposited on the surface of ZnO film, followed by high vacuum annealing at different temperatures. Results showed that (Zn,Al,Pt)∕ZnO films possessed room temperature ferromagnetism (RTF) after the vacuum annealing, while (Ag,Au)∕ZnO films did not. Our detailed structural investigations (transmission electron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) revealed that this RTF was associated with the presence of metal clusters. The RTF disappeared in Al∕ZnO after a subsequent annealing in air, as metal clusters were oxidized. Pt∕ZnO remained ferromagnetic, as the metal cluster structure was stable subjected to the air annealing.


This article aims to study the establishment and main characteristics of a specific war culture, that of footballers at and behind the Front, players and managers alike. Based on an analysis of both commercial and associational sporting press, it may be considered that the foundations of this specific culture represent the establishment of a sporting language of war, as well as of an individual, then associational memory whose chronological markers remained considerably loose in time of war. Beyond this observation, the social stakes of such a culture must be considered by showing, in particular, how it conveyed a part of sportsmen's combat experience, served leaders' aims both during and after the conflict and nurtured the still fragile social identity and legitimacy of football and footballers at the beginning of the century.


ISSN: 2410-9649 Ayofe et al / Chemistry International 4(2) (2018) 85-90 iscientic.org. 86 www.bosaljournals/chemint/ firstname.lastname@example.com endocrine disrupting chemicals have become one of the most important topics of research in the field of environmental sciences (Olowu et al., 2010). Health agencies and scientists are deeply concerned about the exposure of human to EDCs, which are widely distributed in the environment (Carlsen et al., 1992). EDCs are refers to as exogenous substances that cause adverse effect in organisms or its progeny, consequent to changes in endocrine function. They are ubiquitous in the environment as a result of their large number of uses in industrial, residential and agricultural applications (Olowu et al., 2010). One of the most important classes of EDCs are esters of phthalic acid (1,2benzenedicarboxylic acid) or phthalates, which are ubiquitous in the environment. Phthalates have been found in sediments, natural water, soil and aquatic organisms (Giam et al., 1984; Staples et al., 1997), and also in drinking water (Capen, 1992). Global phthalate production has increased from very low levels at the end of World War II to approximately 5 million metric tons/year, in which additives in flexible polyvinylchloride (PVC) account for 80–90% in the estimated global production of phthalates (Bornehag et al., 2004). Di (2ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is widely used to soften polyvinylchloride (PVC) plastics and non-polymers (Rusyn et al., 2012). The lower molecular weight phthalates, such as diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and dimethyl phthalate (DMP) are widely used for adhesives, paints, ink, varnishes, personal care products (e.g perfumes, lotions, cosmetics) (Gevao et al., 2013). Plasticizers, which are also known as phthalates, make plastics flexible and durable. A plasticizer may reduce the melting point, viscosity, lower the glass transition temperature (Tg), or lower the elastic modulus of a product. On the basis of data from several studies on phthalate concentrations in the general population, it is obvious that profiles of phthalates and phthalate esters varied significantly among different geographic area. It was found that the ubiquitous human exposure to phthalates occurred in both developing and industrialized countries (Guo et al., 2011). It appears that adolescents and adults had significantly lower levels of monobutyl phthalate (MBP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), and mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalates (MEHP), but had significantly higher concentrations of monoethyl phthalate (MEP) in comparison with children. Females had remarkably higher concentrations of MEP, MBzP, and reproductive toxicant MBP than did males, but similar MEHP levels. As they are not chemically bound to the polymers or products, they are released from the products by evaporation and abrasion (Gevao et al., 2013). In Nigeria, a lot of people patronize and/or consume beverages packaged in plastic bottles a lot; coke is one of the mostly consumed. Plastic bottles used in coke packing is a polyvinylchloride material (PVC) and thus, is expected to be incorporated with phthalates in its production and which could subsequently leach into the drink due the weak bond connecting it with the plastic. The level of different kinds of phthalates present in the plastic bottled coke was therefore investigated and compared with that of glass bottled coke to ascertain level of phthalates present. MATERIAL AND METHODS


The article is devoted to the transmission of sociological researches into monitoring with the aim of receiving all neces-sary information for the health care authority. Now different ways of evaluation concerning economic efficiency of the program in healthcare are considered. Some approaches to the directions of evaluation based on the sociological in-formation from the curative establishments are represented.


According to the results of the investigation, we can conclude that the students of Pedagogical University have some problems in analytic and synthetic activities. The organization of the purposeful education by doing the system of exercises on "Theory of Algorithms" using operations of analysis, synthesis and comparison can help to solve the existing problems.


Since anthropogenic climate change was first noticed in the late 1980s, despite scientists' consensus on its urgency and seriousness with strong evidence, climate risk is still a tough issue for the public to engage with due to its ambiguity, invisibility and uncertainty. This article reviews the emotive and empathetic role of climate fiction (cli-fi) in climate change communication, using the precautionary principle of relevance to sustainable development to discuss how cli-fi has influenced the way people feel and think about climate change and further foster pro-environmental attitudes and opinions. Through discussing the effectiveness of cli-fi as a communication tool, I argue that cli-fi allows readers to visualise the implications of climate change on themselves and triggers their empathetic and emotional responses, especially negative emotions. Those emotions, on the one hand, could arouse a wider and deeper climate consciousness by inspiring audiences to consider previously unnoticed subjects; on the other hand, could facilitate affective engagement and the perceived need for action.


With the development of psychological health education,the community is attaching more and more attention to the research on university students' mental health education,especially on the psychological health of "90s college students"(the students who were born in 1990s).The article will be based on the college students' mental health questionnaires(UPI) to survey nine hundreds"90s"college students,make a deep research on their mental health conditions and its influencing factors,and put forward some suggestions to improve the mental health education.


This chapter begins with an overview of George Everett Adams's and Helen Taft's speeches, which they delivered as Protestants in a country that was increasingly home to a large and growing Catholic minority. It argues that Adams's and Taft's speeches were part of a much larger religious pattern in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In the ongoing currents of anti-Catholicism in U.S. culture, many late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Protestants joined their Catholic compatriots in speaking with nostalgia and admiration about the figures and institutions of Roman Catholic exploration and evangelization. The chapter also describes how men and women celebrated idealized versions of Catholic imperial pasts as the United States grew into a global power. It traces Catholic origin stories that emerged in three different sites and circumstances: the upper Midwest, Southern California, and the U.S. colonial Philippines.


To the Editor:

Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP)1 (MIM 176000) is a low-penetrance, autosomal dominant disorder caused by decreased activity of the third enzyme in the pathway of heme biosynthesis, hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS). Partial deficiency of HMBS can lead to episodic life-threatening neurovisceral attacks of acute porphyria, which are often provoked by drugs, alcohol, or hormonal factors (1). Biochemical analyses of urinary porphobilinogen and porphyrins (fecal porphyrins and plasma porphyrins) can provide the diagnosis of AIP in symptomatic patients, but genetic testing for a defect in the HMBS gene (1) is required to accurately identify asymptomatic affected family members, who can then be counseled on the lifestyle modifications required to limit the risk of attacks.

We previously reported on our experience with using direct genomic sequencing and dosage analysis of the HMBS gene for genetic analysis of AIP (2). We found a 98% sensitivity for detecting disease-causing mutations in unrelated symptomatic patients with a biochemical diagnosis of AIP (2), and we speculated that the cause in AIP patients in whom no mutation was found was likely to be mutations in unexplored parts of the gene, possible regulatory variants, or defects at another locus.

We investigated a …


Goldenhar Syndrome (GS) is a congenital disorder with male predominance and sporadic occurrence. Various anomalies are seen in these patients involving almost all systems. The anesthesiologist usually finds difficulty in the airway of these patients as a spectrum of anomalies is seen. We report a new finding in the airway of Goldenhar syndrome with the help of a C-Mac videolaryngoscope, with the base of tongue and uvula being bifid and causing inability to intubate in an 11-year-old girl.


This study was undertaken to elucidate the behavior of herbicide bensulfuron methyl [ methyl 2-[[[[[(4, 6-dimethoxy pryrimidine-2yl) amino] carbonyl] amino] sulfonyl] methyl] benzoate] in soils under flooded conditions using the test plant Monochoria vaginalis Pres 1. Besulfuron methyl moved to 3cm depth in clay loam soil and 4 cm depth in sandy loam soil. Herbicide-treated layer was found 0 to 2 cm profile in the former and 0 to 3 cm profile the latter. The half life (GR50) was 87 days in clay loam soil and 78 days in sandy clay loam soil. The period of inactivation lasted for 110 days in clay loam and 100 days in sandy clay loam soil.


The article presents the results of the research in the field of building accounting and analytical support and highlighting in this mechanism a priority area, an independent field of accounting sciences, which ensures a continuous process of making managerial decisions aimed at achieving the strategic goals of an enterprise. It is proved that the building of integrated accounting systems, which provide us-ers with various accounting and analytical information, is explained by the need to submit various types of reporting by economic entities, as well as make managerial decisions aimed at achieving the strategic goals of the enterprise. In this study, the role of management accounting in accounting and analytical support is defined, and the following tasks are identified and achieved: first, the importance of management accounting is defined as a means to achieve the strategic goals of the enterprise; second, taking into account the exist-ing views on the category being studied - management accounting, the author's opinion is formulated, which is a specification of the concept under consideration; third, the place of management accounting and its role in the general mechanism of accounting and analytical support is determined; and fourth, the author's concept is presented, which ensures development of the theory and methodology of using management accounting in the practice of accounting and analytical work. The practical significance lies in the development of the author's views and positions, clarifying and amending the scientific research studies of management accounting and accounting and analytical support.


Objective:To investigate the effects of female central corneal thickness (CCT) in wearing soft contact lens for long term.Methods:Central corneal thickness was measured with ultrasonic(US) pachymetry. Group A,81 cases (162 eyes) was weared soft contact lens above 2 years. Group B,83 cases (164 eyes) was weared the others without contact lens.Results:The CCT in wearing soft contact lens for long term was (522.79±33.77) μm,the CCT without contact lens was (535.91±37.41) μm,respectively(P0.01).Conclusion:The female CCT is significant thiner in wearing soft lens for long term.


1. A system for gases dissociation, comprising: an electron source including a cathode and adapted to emit electrons; electric field generator generating an electric field having an energy sufficient to dissociate reactant gas molecules; and an anode disposed on the cathode at a predetermined distance, limiting the reaction gas chamber having operable to cause interaction between the electrons and molecules of said reactive gas on the mechanism of the dissociative attachment of electrons within said chamber, such that electrons having the required energy, decompose said molecules to form a product, wherein said reactive gas molecules are molecules with at least one of CO2 and H2O, said product YaV yayutsya O2 and at least one of CO and H2. ! 2. The system of claim 1, comprising an intermediate electrode adjacent to the separator gas components, both of which are located between said anode and said cathode, and said intermediate electrode is configured to dissociation of said reactive gas molecules by electrolysis on the surface of said separator . ! 3. The system of claim 2, wherein said gas components separator is configured to separate O2 and the other said products. ! 4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that said electric field generator acts thermal energy flux from at least one of the electron source and a thermal energy source. ! 5. The system of claim 1, including a source of thermal energy, you


Using tissue culture to establish the plant rapid propagation system is a good way to protect the germ plasm resources.Shoot tips and cotyledon sections from the aseptic seedlings of short-late pomelo were the materials of this study on issue culture and rapid proliferation.With Orthogonal design L9,the impact of lateral bud germination,bud proliferation and strong buds with different seedling basic medium and different hormone combinations were studied.The results showed that the best materials are cotyledon sections,planted in 1/2 MS medium with 0.5mg/L 6-BA,0.05 mg/L NAA and 1.0mg/L GA3 can induced to the best lateral buds.The best medium of bud proliferation is 1/2MS medium with 0.5mg/L 6-BA and 0.05 mg/L NAA,and the average multiplication coefficient is 5.8.1/2MS medium with 0.5mg/L 6-BA and 0.1 mg/L NAA played best results on strong buds.


The article presents the issue of emotional burnout among military personnel who are in combat operations. Features of psychological support of military and professional activities of servicemen with a high level of emotional burnout are described. Psychological support of servicemen includes: psychological counseling, psychotherapeutic assistance, educational activities, psychological trainings, among servicemen who have experienced psychological trauma and stress and professional provision of advisory assistance, diagnosis of servicemen with a high level of emotional burnout, provision of recommendations on evacuation from the extreme (combat) zone conditions In the system of ensuring the activities of the psychological service among military personnel, along with the organizational and legal direction, methodical support, in particular the introduction of various psychological technologies, primarily psychological ones that allow solving professional tasks, is of great importance. According to the tasks of psychological counseling, several psychoregulatory programs are distinguished: an educational program, where self-regulation methods are taught, a targeted program focused on the relief of neuropsychological tension, fatigue, the search for the body's resource capabilities, a general health program aimed at normalizing the condition and improving the health of the body. The effective performance of combat tasks is represented not only by professional training and physical capabilities of an individual, but also by his ability to show responsibility, independence, self-control, flexibility, the ability to make independent decisions and constructively interact with other members of the military team under the influence of stress factors and the implementation of professional tasks.


Importance
Urinary catheters are commonly placed during laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair as a presumed protection against postoperative urinary retention (PUR), one of the most common complications following this operation. Data from randomized clinical trials evaluating the effect of catheters on PUR are lacking.

Objective
To investigate the effect of intraoperative catheters on PUR after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair.

Design, Setting, and Participants
This 2-arm registry-based single-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted at 6 academic and community hospitals in the US from March 2019 to March 2021 with a 30-day follow-up period following surgery. All patients who presented with inguinal hernias were assessed for eligibility, 534 in total. Inclusion criteria were adult patients undergoing laparoscopic, elective, unilateral, or bilateral inguinal hernia repair. Exclusion criteria were inability to tolerate general anesthesia and failure to understand and sign the written consent form. A total of 43 patients were excluded prior to intervention.

Interventions
Patients in the treatment arm had placement of a urinary catheter after induction of general anesthesia and removal at the end of procedure. Those in the control arm had no urinary catheter placement.

Main Outcomes and Measures
PUR rate.

Results
Of the 491 patients enrolled, 241 were randomized to catheter placement, and 250 were randomized to no catheter placement. The median (IQR) age was 61 (51-68) years, and 465 participants (94.7%) were male. Overall, 44 patients (9.1%) developed PUR. There was no difference in the rate of PUR between the catheter and no-catheter groups (23 patients [9.6%] vs 21 patients [8.5%], respectively; P = .79). There were no intraoperative bladder injuries. In the catheter group, there was 1 incident of postoperative urethral trauma in a patient who presented to the emergency department with PUR leading to a suprapubic catheter placement.

Conclusions and Relevance
Intraoperative urinary catheters did not reduce the risk of PUR after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. While their use did not appear to be associated with a high rate of iatrogenic complications, there may be a low rate of catastrophic complications. In patients who voided urine preoperatively, catheter placement did not appear to confer any advantage and thus their use may be reconsidered.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03835351.


Cystic prostate cancer is a rare entity with very few cases reported in the literature. Ductal adenocarcinoma, formerly known as ―endometrioid adenocarcinoma‖, is a clinical and
histological variant of prostatic carcinoma, accounting for 0.2-1.3 % of all prostatic carcinomas. We report a case of purely cystic prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) in an elderly male who presented with obstructive gastro- intestinal and urinary symptoms. Clinically it was mistaken for a benign prostatic cyst as serum Prostatic specific antigen (PSA) was only mildly elevated. Histopathological examination of the de-roofed cyst wall revealed a tumor with a papillary configuration. In this case report we discuss a rare tumor, the reasons for clinical misdiagnosis
and the histopathological differential diagnoses


Can J Respir Ther Vol 53 No 4 Fall 2017 This open-access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (CC BY-NC) (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits reuse, distribution and reproduction of the article, provided that the original work is properly cited and the reuse is restricted to noncommercial purposes. For commercial reuse, contact email@example.com Health Sciences, Kitchener, ON N2G 4M4, Canada Correspondence: Jessica Bernard, Health Sciences, 299 Doon Valley Drive, Kitchener, ON N2G 4M4, Canada. E-mail: email@example.com COMMENTARY


Abstract In 2001, the first major study of the extent of men's violence against women in Sweden reported that almost every other woman had been exposed to male violence. This article investigates how this feminist-based survey was negotiated by the press and in national politics. The legitimacy of the investigation was undermined in a number of ways, both in the media and in politics. The report was defined as partial and not as reliable as 'conventional' criminological research. The resistance provoked by the investigation is here interpreted as a way of producing nationalistic notions, where 'Swedishness' is recreated as being woman-friendly, just and equal.


In this paper a Fuzzy Neural Network (FNN) model based on fuzzy clustering is developed. The fuzzy space and the number of fuzzy rules of this model are defined by the fuzzy clustering method and weight coefficients of the model are adjusted by the BP algorithm. Using the model the unsteady aerodynamics of one aircraft in pitching-rolling motion is identified. The simulating results are agreement with the experimental results very well. The calculating process can be speeded up. It is suggested that the fuzzy clustering method can be used to design fuzzy neural network structures and the developed model can be used to identify the nonlinear unsteady aerodynamics of many complicated maneuvers.


Selecting proper descriptors or features is one of the central problems in exploring structure–activity relationships of materials using machine learning models. The current feature selection algorithms usually require tedious hyperparameter tuning and do not actively consider the prior knowledge of domain experts about the features. Here, this work proposes a data‐driven multi‐layer feature selection method incorporating domain expert knowledge named DML‐FSdek, which is automated, with users entering training data without manual tuning of the hyperparameters. The domain expert knowledge is quantified by means of weighted scoring and integrated into the selection process to eliminate the risk of crucial features being removed. The test studies on ten material properties datasets demonstrate the potential of the approach to automatically search for a reduced feature set with lower root mean square errors than those for the initial feature set. Essentially, the most relevant material features, the number of which is much smaller than that in the original feature set, are automatically selected to establish a closer and more accurate structure–activity relationship for the materials of interest. As a result, the method represents the targeted properties of materials with a smaller and more interpretable set of features while ensuring equal or better prediction accuracy.


ABSTRAK The Somalian Pirates issue in Gulf of Aden has become a global issue which invites security concerns from countries to international organizations. Gulf of Aden is an important international trade routes. Thus, such disruption upon the trade route would jeopardize international trades and invite strong reactions among parties suffered from loss due to the piracy. Several European Union member countries harmed by this issues, then, demand European Union to address the issue and proactively involve in any measure necessary to solve the problem. In 8 th December 2008, European Union finally launched its first military operation to fulfill its role in combating the pirates. The Operation is called European Union Naval Force Atalanta (EU NAVFOR). This research is using qualitative method and several concepts in International Relations study such as non-traditional security, piracy, international organization, and roles concept. Keywords : Somalian Pirates, Gulf of Aden, European Union, EU NAVFOR Atalanta


Based on the metal ion-induced rhodamine ring opening reactions and the optical changes in the recognition process,we have synthesized a rhodamine fluorescent probe Rb H.In aqueous media,Rb H exhibits remarkably enhanced absorbance intensity and color change from colorless to pink; a significant red fluorescence emission at 580 nm was also found upon binding to Hg2+.


: The air quality inside a housing depends among other factors of the quantity of present pollutants in the environment. An effective ventilation removes these pollutants and improves the conditions of habitability. The movement of the air and the profit or loss of energy inside a housing they depend among other factors of the movement of the air of its interior and of its orientation. Also the distribution of the rooms and openings influences the internal circulation. In this sense there appear result of numerical simulations that show since it moves himself the air inside a house and its dependence with the principal flow of the external air. Are considered also the internal environments of the housing.


The enormous number of plastic bottles made from Poly-Ethylene Terephthalate (PET) deposited in domestic wastes and landfills one of the environmental concerns in the world. It is now time for the development and implementation of sustainable recycled materials in construction to reduce the generated wastages. Furthermore, the assimilation of PET as aggregate can significantly improve certain properties of concrete, like reduced density and increased workability. PET is significantly lighter than natural aggregate (NA), and therefore, its incorporation lowers the density of the resulting concrete. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of using recycled PET waste in concrete mixes as aggregate replacement to find a way to make low-cost lightweight concrete of effective compressive strength and also reduce the environmental effects of PET disposal. For this work numbers of cylinders are prepared with conventional concrete materials, and also a good number of cylinders are prepared by replacing 10%, 20% and 30%, by volume, of coarse aggregate (brick chips) with PET. Three different w/c ratios (i.e. 0.42, 0.48, and 0.57) are taken under consideration for achieving optimum workability in using PET as plastic coarse aggregate. The combination of 10% coarse aggregate replacement and 0.42 w/c showed improved result both in compressive and tensile strength test. This study also assures that reusing waste plastic as a coarse-substitution aggregate in concrete gives a good approach to produce structural concrete and solve the solid waste disposal problems posed by plastics. © 2018 Institution of Engineers, Bangladesh. All rights reserved.


Introduction Regulation 1/2003 introduced close forms of cooperation between the Commission and national competition authorities (hereinafter referred to as "NCAs") in the framework of the…


In this short position paper, we discuss several potential security concerns that can be found at the physical layer of 6th-generation (6G) cellular networks. Discussion on 6G cellular networks is still at its early stage and thus several candidate radio technologies have been proposed but no single technology has yet been finally selected for 6G systems. Among several radio technologies, we focus on three promising ones for 6G physical-layer technologies: reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), Open-RAN (O-RAN), and full-duplex radios. We hope this position paper will spark more active discussion on the security concerns in these new radio technologies.


Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motors are the type of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) with trapezoidal back-EMF. These motors are driven using Voltage Source Inverter (VSI), by appropriate switching through semiconductor devices. Different models of a typical BLDC motor have been reported in the literature. Models could be of different types such as analytical model where several assumptions are taken in order to simplify the analysis. While the Numerical Methods (NMs) approach such as Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM) gives more accurate solutions. This paper aims to combine both these approaches to develop a Hybrid MATLAB/ Simulink™ -FEMM model for a closed loop BLDC motor drive using a Hysteresis Current Control (HCC) technique. The developed model is simulated both under healthy and faulty conditions. In order to simulate the effect of demagnetization faults in the machine, demagnetization is introduced in the PM through various methods like change in magnetic coercivity which shall account for the uniform demagnetization of a pole and secondly, placement of broken Permanent Magnets (PMs) in the rotor to induce magnet defect in the machine. The performance of the motor through change in quantities like stator current, back-EMF, electromagnetic torque and mechanical speed are analyzed in detail to have a comparative study of the BLDC motor performance both under healthy and demagnetization fault conditions. Detailed simulation results have been discussed for each type of demagnetization faults.


This article explains the challenges faced by women employees in the corporate world and how a focused development programme can help organisations foster female talent and make significant progress towards creating a gender inclusive culture. In today's complex and dynamic age, where technology, processes and business models change rapidly, women struggle to balance their career aspirations with their personal challenges, societal pressures and their own deep-set inhibitions. This leads to a widening gender gap from entry-level positions to senior leadership roles. The situation, therefore, necessitates a seismic shift in the thought process of female employees to help them overcome internal and external challenges, fast-track capability improvement and make deep behavioural impacts to foster career growth. This article highlights the need for a structured development programme to help organisations invest in their women employees in mid-management roles and create a pathway for them to achieve their career goals. All actions are documented in the programme to culminate into actionable insights for participants and deep cognitive insights for L&D and organisations.


For improving the efficiency of three-phase cable transient temperature calculation and the efficiency of rack pipe laying design, meeting the needs of running real-time analysis, a thermal circuit model of lumped parameter is established. It is used to quickly get the transient temperature rise of cable core and outer sheath. After the model is established, the accurate results of the transient temperature rise of the core and outer sheath can be obtained through the calculation of the simple hot path and the real-time correction of the loss directly. In this paper, a practical engineering example is given. This paper shows the convenience and accuracy of the quick calculation model mentioned by comparing the calculation results of the model and the calculation results of general software.


This paper represents a simple method for preparing and characterizing of low-cost ion exchangers of sulfonated carbon prepared from Terminalia Chebula-Retz., (family–combretaceae) as a source of cheap plant material blended with phenol-formaldehyde as a crosslinking agent. The prepared ion exchange resins (IERs) are characterized by infrared (IR) spectral and thermal studies. All the important physicochemical properties of the ion exchangers have been determined. The synthesized resins have cation exchange capacity upto 1.84 mmol g−1. The rational thermodynamic equilibrium constant (ln K) are calculated for H+ and Zn2+ exchanges on the resin having various amount of sulfonated Terminalia Chebula Retz. carbon (STCC). The thermodynamic parameters were calculated, and suitable explanations are given. It is concluded from the present study that PFR sample could be blended with 20% (w/w) of STCC, without affecting its physicochemical, spectral, and thermal properties. Hence blending with STCC will definitely lower the cost of the ion exchange resin. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 4104–4113, 2006


We investigated the influence of target versus non-target group members on judgments of racial discrimination. In Study 1, Black individuals were regarded as better sources of information about racial discrimination than White individuals. In Study 2, Black peers were more influential than White peers on judgments of discrimination. In Study 3, the influence of Black peers was moderated by internal concern with prejudice, and mediated by the perceived credibility of the peer. We discuss these findings in terms of targeted social referencing, whereby members of relevant target groups exert more influence than members of non-target groups over assessments of discrimination.


This article reported medical healthcare and current status of medical education on the basis of investigation in Australia,and analyzed the referenced experiences and lessons for the health administration,especially for medical education in China.


. Face recognition performance improves significantly with convolutional neural network (CNN) and very large scale training datasets. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive deep neural network architecture for face recognition. We combine multiple networks trained by different patches of face images. 122K labeled facial images of 322 Korean actors (KFace) are collected from Web and movie trailers, and are used to train the models. An ensemble of the multi-patch models achieves 95.38% rank-1 identification accuracy on the KFace dataset.


Four of the articles in the present issue of Pain Research & Management discuss preclinical issues relevant to understanding the changes that occur to the analgesic efficacy of opiates over an extended interval of delivery (pages 25 to 57). The articles reflect the extended and interesting discussions that transpired at the Canadian Pain Society meeting held in St John's, Newfoundland, May 14 to 16, 1999. The role of changes in opiate responsiveness in long term opiate exposure in clinical pain states is controversial. While few argue that opiate dosing does not rise over time, it is evident that, with chronic exposure, many patients show a very stable dosing requirement. When the dosing necessary to sustain pain relief rises, the rise may occur by several mechanisms, including the appearance of more intense pain and the evolution of opiate-insensitive pain states. Yaksh reviews some of these issues in his contribution (pages 33-39). Nevertheless, clinical and preclinical studies aimed at defining specific dose requirements have emphasized that, of the several mechanisms, pharmacodynamic plasticity can contribute to the ongoing changes in dose requirements. Several of the articles in this issue focus on this component of the process, with an emphasis on the potential importance of changes in receptor coupling and function. An emerging concept is the role of glutamate, and the several ionotropic and metabotropic receptors on which it works. Importantly, such observations are in agreement with the review by Jhamandas and colleagues (pages 25-32) of the potential contributions of a variety of spinal transmitters and second messengers in the development of a reduced response to the chronically delivered opiate. Fundytus (pages 40-48) considers the potential contribution of several neurotransmitter systems and emphasizes the potential role of metabotropic receptors. She draws parallels between the mechanisms of neuropathic pain states and opioid tolerance. Yaksh discusses the role of spinal glutamate receptors in spinal tolerance to opioid and alpha2-adrenergic agonists, and the contribution of phosphorylation to spinal tolerance. Cahill and Coderre (pages 49-57) discuss the interactions of nerve growth factor and the expression of cholecystokinin in the opiate insensitivity noted in some neuropathic states. The reviews, thus, strongly focus on the local neuronal network and the cell type on which the opiate receptor is found. Rather than repetitiously detailing the conclusions of each article, I will consider some of the implications of the opinions of the author(s) of each paper regarding the mechanisms responsible for a rise in opiate dosing. I hope that my interpretations will be viewed forgivingly by each contributor in the possible event that I erred in my reading of their interpretation.


There is growing knowledge in our theory and practice that by developing small business and entrepreneurship there are chances for strengthening of market economy elements. It is not only that there is expansion of small businesses, but large firms pre-structuring as well, thus influencing creation of entrepreneur economy. Initiation and innovation become the most important factor of an enterprise business efficiency. Collective type of ownership gives up the place to private ownership, and accordingly collective entrepreneurship to an individual one. Small business, specially its private sector, becomes a basis for entrepreneurship development. It is the entrepreneurship that is expected to set in motion and recover our economy in the meaning of changing business mentality. Whether is this going to be realized in practice, too, it will depend on realization of the assumptions necessary to turn small business and entrepreneurship from Utopia to reality.


Tinea incognito is used to describe dermatophyte infections that diagnosed incorrectly and treated with topical or systemic corticosteroids. Two patients with dermatophyte infections in facial ocalization are presented. They had a history of treatment with steroids. Microscobic examination revealed hyphae and spores. The patients responded to topical and systemic antimicotic treatment. As a result, tinea incognito is not a rare clinical entity and can be presented with different clinical forms due to ampirical steroid treatments. Thus, in the cases of atypical, erythematous and scaly plaques, it should not be forgetten that the existence of dermatophytosis should be kept in mind and recovery can be achieved with appropriate antifungal therapy.


A novel magnetic biocomposite adsorbent CoFe2O4/Activated Carbon@Chitosan (CF/AC@Ch) was synthesized and applied for metronidazole (MNZ) adsorption from aqueous solutions. The magnetic biocomposite adsorbent was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (SBET), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Powder XRD analysis confirmed the formation of phase spinel ferrites. FESEM analysis confirmed the morphology of the samples with a smaller agglomeration. VSM analysis clearly showed the ferromagnetic nature of the adsorbent. The Ms value was 22.03 emu/g for simple separation by external magnetic fields. The influence of parameters such as the adsorbent dose, pH, MNZ initial concentration, and contact time was examined and evaluated by central composite design (CCD) with response surface methodology (RSM). The predicted optimal adsorption capacity (qe) of 36.897 mg/g was obtained under optimal conditions as follows; adsorbent dose: 450 mg/L, pH: 5.02, MNZ initial concentration: 22.35 mg/L and contact time: 46.25 min. The quadratic model was obtained with a high degree of fit. The experimental equilibrium data fitting to Langmuir and Freundlich models show that the Freundlich model is a good and suitable model for evaluation and the actual behavior of adsorption. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of MNZ declined from 35.90 mg/g in the pure solution of MNZ to 21.5 mg/g in the wastewater sample.


Abstract : Since 9-11, it has become apparent that the Homeland Security Community consists of more than first responders, and is, in essence, a Megacommunity composed of three components: government, business, and nonprofit organizations. Unfortunately, this reality has not translated into a common communications strategy, which presently focuses on radios for first responders in an emergency. Many reasons exist for not addressing this gap, including the myths that it is impossible or would be too expensive. Computer gamers, however, have been utilizing low-tech versions of half-duplex VoIP since the 1990s to connect millions of players worldwide. A Southeast Ohio VoIP system, consisting of health departments, hospitals, emergency management agencies, and their partners, has been testing a similar system since 2003. This thesis defines the Homeland Security Community, presents criteria that are used to evaluate six communications systems for use as an integrated national system, and judges the plausibility of the Ohio system as a model. The thesis also proposes the concept of a "Universal Communicator" software system that would address the shortcomings of the Ohio system, and provide an inexpensive solution to the nation's need for a national Homeland Security Community Real-Time Voice Communications system.


2 Introduction Several years ago, during a meeting with my executive officers following my announcement of my decision to step down as president and return to the faculty, one of my vice-presidents slipped me a piece of paper with the well-known quote of Machiavelli: " There is no more delicate matter to take in hand, nor more dangerous to conduct, nor more doubtful of success, than to step up as a leader in the introduction of change. For he who innovates will have for his enemies all those


The present invention relates to a lightweight structural composite, which comprises an inner core of lightweight panel encapsulated by outer layers of polymer material. Specifically, the lightweight panel consists of multiple laminations of corrugated thin metal or fibre reinforced plastic sheets kept in position by polymeric foam and/or adhesive, and enclosed in a casing of the same material. The outer layer is made up of a blend of thermosetting and thermoplastic polymers. The method of forming the composite comprises of stacking the corrugated sheets, filling the interstitial spaces with the foam, constructing the casing, the surface treatment of the panel for good adhesion to the outer polymer layer and the high temperature/pressure encapsulation of the panel with the polymer blend containing curing agents. The composite has application as replacement to wood, concrete or particle board panels used in ship docking, panels for wall, door and windows, blast-proof panels, rail sleepers and shipping pallets.


Transmission grating-based x-ray interferometers have been developed into wide-field imaging devices that are sensitive to x-ray refraction and diffraction in the sample. While current grating designs rely on UV and x-ray lithography processes to produce periodic vertical structures, it becomes prohibitively difficult to make the grating periods below 1 - 2 microns due to the high aspect ratios of the structures. Since the phase-contrast sensitivity is inversely related to the grating period, we describe a new grating design for sub-micron to nanometer grating periods. In this design, multiple bi-layers of two alternating materials are deposited on a stair like substrate, and mostly on the floor surfaces of the steps only. The incident x-ray beam is parallel to the planes of the layers (side illumination). Thus, the multilayer structure on each step serves as a micro grating whose grating period is the thickness of a bi-layer. The array of micro gratings over the whole length of the stair can act as a sin...


The process entails treating a system such as a food system which contains residual cyclodextrin with both CGTase and an amylase at a temperature of 40° C. to 80° C., a pH of 4 to 6 for a time of 1 to 48 hours to hydrolyze the residual cyclodextrin. The process is especially adapted for food systems such as eggs, dairy, meat, fruit juices, coffee and tea. It is also suited for use in starch hydrolysates and protein hydrolysates. Residual cyclodextrins are contained in a system after the system has been subjected to a process wherein cyclodextrins have been employed either to remove an unwanted component or where the cyclodextrin was separated from the system.


Requirement of G4 standards as common practice in sustainability reporting makes it important to understand the readability of such reports. This study contributes to the extant body of literature by assessing the readability of sustainability reports. We investigate several factors such as company size, company age, complexity, domestic versus international, and audited versus unaudited reports and how they contribute to the readability of sustainability reports. We apply text analytics to U.S. and Global firm issued sustainability reports. We also provide evidence about factors that may contribute to the readability of sustainability reports. We find that reports of companies in regulated industries are less readable than other firms' reports. We also find that less complex firms have more readable sustainability reports. This study should provide some insights to users of sustainability reports, standard setters for reporting standards, and for future researchers.


Background The second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been incessantly causing catastrophe worldwide, and the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants causes further uncertainty regarding epidemic risk. Here, a novel strategy for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants using multiplex PCR coupled with MALDI-TOF MS was developed. Methods Plasmids carrying gene sequences containing 9 mutation types in 7 mutated sites (HV6970del, N501Y, K417N, P681H, D614G, E484K, L452R, E484Q and P681R) in the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 variants were synthesized. Using the nucleic acid sequence of SARS-CoV-2 nonvariant and a synthetic SARS-CoV-2 variant-carrying plasmid, a MALDI-TOF MS method based on the single-base mass probe extension of multiplex PCR amplification products was established to detect the above nine mutation types. The detection limit of this method was determined via the concentration gradient method. Twenty-one respiratory tract pathogens (9 bacteria, 11 respiratory viruses) and pharyngeal swab nucleic acid samples from healthy people were selected for specific validation. Sixteen samples from COVID-19 patients were used to verify the accuracy of this method. Results The 9 mutation types could be detected simultaneously by triple PCR amplification coupled with MALDI-TOF MS. SARS-CoV-2 and all six variants (B.1.1.7, B.1.351, B.1.429, B.1.526, P.1 and B.1.617) could be identified. The detection limit for all 9 sites was 1560 copies. The specificity of this method was 100%, and the accuracy of real-time PCR CT values less than 30 among positive samples was 100%. This method is open and extensible, and can be used in a high-throughput manner, easily allowing the addition of new mutation sites as needed to identify and track new SARS-CoV-2 variants as they emerge. Conclusions Multiplex PCR-MALDI-TOF MS provides a new detection option with practical application value for SARS-CoV-2 and its variant infection.


Experimental quasi-two-dimensional Zn electrodeposits are grown under forced convection conditions. Large-scale effects, with preferential growth towards the impinging flow, together with small-scale roughness suppression effects are evidenced and separately analyzed by using two different radial cell configurations. Interpretations are given in terms of primary concepts concerning current and concentration distributions.


In the title compound, C21H21BrO3S, the cyclohexyl ring adopts a chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the benzofuran and 2-bromophenyl fragments is 82.47 (5)°. In the crystal, molecules related by inversion are paired into dimers via C—H⋯π and π–π interactions, the latter are indicated by the short distance of 3.607 (3) Å between the centroids of the furan rings. Intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and short Br⋯O [3.280 (1) Å] contacts further consolidate the crystal packing.


A brief process and economic analysis was made of the manufacture of liquid fuels from agricultural residues. Corn stover was selected as typifying agricultural residues and as being the most readily available of the cellulosic agricultural residues. The economics were based upon a conceptual process design, which was based in the research of Purdue University and is considered very advanced technology. The conceptual process converts 1427 tons per day dry corn stover (dry basis) into 209 tons per day anhydrous ehtanol and 161 tons per day furfural. The heating content of the liquid fuels manufactured is equivalent to 1500 barrels per day petroleum. The estimated cost of manufacturing liquid fuels from corn stover by the conceptual process is estimated at about $15/million Btu. Although this is significantly less than the estimated $37/million Btu of a previous study, which used more conservative assumptions and process yields based on actual experimental data, it is still far above the price of fuels made by coal liquefaction. Several areas requiring further research have been identified in this study. These include (1) better utilization of hemicellulose and perhaps lignin in the manufacture of liquid fuels, and (2) characterization and utilization of the waste water streams.more » Research on alternative methods to increase the yield of converting cellulose to sugars without using the complex and corrosive solvents of the Purdue process is recommended.« less


The latest proceeding of petroleum geophysics is reviewed. The important and key role that applied geophysics plays in the national economy construction especially in oil and gas exploration is pointed out. And the magnificent achievements of oil and gas exploration are emphasized. As the basement of sustainable development and comparatively well-off society construction, the efficient supply of oil and gas needs not only the innovation of the seismic methods but also the mind's emancipation and the exploration thoughts deploitation. And it is also pointed that integrated geophysics research will play a very important role for the new challenge in the new century.


Back ground: Idiopathic inflammatory polymyositis primarily affect skeletal muscle. Heart muscle has been reported in patients with polymyositis. Objectives : This study was done to assess the involvement of heart in polymyositis Method : Forty eight patients with a diagnosis of polymyositis were examined for heart involvement .Chest – X-ray, electrocardiography and echocardiography have been performed. Result : Cardiomegally found in 63% of patients. ECG –changes including left ventricular hypertrophy, and ST-segment and T-wave abnormalities in 80% Diminished ventricular contractility found in 83%. Conclusion : Analysis of the results showed that the involvement of the heart in polymyositis is a common problem


Isamic acid, a red crystalline product from the reaction of isatin with ammonia, is proved to be 1,2-dihydro-2-oxospiro-[3H-indole-3,2′(1′H)-quinazoline]-4′-carboxylic acid, as suggested by G. F. Field. The colour and lack of basicity appear to be due in part to spiroconjugation. Methylisatoid, from O-methylisatin and moist air or aqueous acetic acid, is shown by rational synthesis and degradation to be methyl 6,12-dihydro-12-hydroxy-6-oxoindolo-[2,1-b]quinazoline-12-carboxylate.


We study Deraux's non arithmetic orbifold ball quotient surfaces obtained as birational transformations of a quotient $X$ of a particular Abelian surface $A$. Using the fact that $A$ is the Jacobian of the Bolza genus $2$ curve, we identify $X$ as the weighted projective plane $\mathbb{P}(1,3,8)$. We compute the equation of the mirror $M$ of the orbifold ball quotient $(X,M)$ and by taking the quotient by an involution, we obtain an orbifold ball quotient surface with mirror birational to an interesting configuration of plane curves of degrees $1,2$ and $3$. We also exhibit an arrangement of four conics in the plane which provides the above-mentioned ball quotient orbifold surfaces.


Solid Phase Synthesis (SPS) is a powerful tool for synthesizing oligomers, especially peptides, nucleic acids, and glycans. Since Merrifield developed solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) in 1963, organic chemistry and analytics...


This paper presents a new principle of harvesting thermal energy at small temperature differences based on bidirectional actuation of a ferromagnetic shape memory alloy (FSMA) cantilever. The thermally induced change of magnetization of the ferromagnetic cantilever tip is used to generate a current according to Faraday's law. The layout, fabrication and performance of a first demonstrator are shown operating at frequencies and amplitudes of 80 Hz and several hundred microns, respectively. For a pick-up coil of 1000 turns, the maximum current is about 10 μA corresponding to a power density of 0.8 μW/cm3.


Terfezia fanfani Mattirolo (1900: 65) is an ecologically distinctive species that is widely distributed in southern Europe in areas with Mediterranean climates, on acidic grasslands, associated with Tuberaria guttata (Cistaceae) from March to May (Bordallo et al. 2013).


It is to analyze the advances of genetically engineered microorganisms aplyed in the agriculture domain such as nitrogen fixing,microbiological pesticide,ezyme products of microorganism and remediation of polluted soils.It is also to put forward the focal point and direction of genetically engineered agricultural microorganisms.


Groundwater flow and radionuclide migration are two critical factors in determining the performance of a high-level nuclear waste (HLW) repository. Flow and transport in fractured media is a complex problem that must be addressed by both the site characterization programs and predictive models. The Repository Technology Program is investigating three aspects of the problem in cooperative efforts with Canada and Sweden as well as in international programs such as INTRAVAL. The methodologies and techniques developed in these programs can be applied to any site investigation that must consider fracture flow and transport of radionuclides along discrete fractures. Laboratory experiments are being performed in cooperation with Atomic Energy of Canada, Limited (AECL) on a large block of granite ({approx}1 m square) with a discrete fracture to investigate dispersion and diffusion along the fracture. Nonreactive and reactive tracers are used in the experiments. Tracers that include uranine, iodine, and cesium are injected under controlled gradients and sampled uniformly along the fracture discharge surface. Results of the nonreactive tracer experiments will be used to calibrate a radionuclide transport code (FRACFLO) recently developed at Battelle's Office of Waste Technology Development. The calibrated models will then be used to predict the results of experiments that more » use reactive tracers. The experiment and associated modeling are being considered for use as a test case in the INTRAVAL program. « less


Tension in the form of dilemmas, contradictions and conflicts exists in organisations. It can be managed through management controls, including management accounting, thereby optimising organisational performance. Management accounting uses all quantitative and qualitative information
 in addition to accounting information in assisting managerial decisions, ultimately helping a business to achieve its goals. As part of this, tension management, which is a relatively new research topic, can not only enable long-term business goals to be achieved, but can also help attain
 the individual wellbeing of employees. This is the premise of the research of Professor Eisuke Yoshida. The research themes of Yoshida, who is based in the Faculty of Business and Commerce, Keio University, Japan, encompass management accounting, business structure and organisation design
 and management. This interest stems from a desire to optimise the working environment and ensure that work doesn't come at the expense of other, outside interests. Yoshida says this is because often achieving operational efficiency is associated with negative consequences. Using management
 accounting, with incorporated tension management, he believes it is possible to avoid these. For example, in Japan targets tend to be difficult to achieve, and failure to achieve targets has become the norm. 'This creates a state of tension, which is not necessarily a negative thing. It will
 be a trigger for creating new ideas and collaborating with others,' outlines Yoshida. From his perspective, creating a theoretical framework for tension management is an important part of addressing this.


Two novel bismuth(lll) complexes with dilhiocarbamate, [[Bi(S 2 CNEt 2 ) 3 ] 2 (1) and [Bi(S 2 CNC 4 H 8 ) 2 (NO 3 )].[1,10-Phen] (2) have been synthesized. The crystal structures have been determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The crystals of complex 1 belong to monoclinic with space group P2 1 /c, a = 12.625(2), b = 13.628(3), c = 14.835(3) A, β = 100.002(2)°, Z = 2, V = 2513.7(8) A 3 , D c = 1.727 mg/m 3 , μ= 7.517 mm 1 , F(000) = 1280, R =0.0306 and wR =0.0818. In this binuclear complex, the two Hi atoms are seven-coordinated, and each of the two atoms has distorted pentagonal bipyramidal geometry. Each of central Bi atoms is surrounded equatorially by five S atoms and axially by two S atoms. Two of the six bidentate ligands are bridged in such a way that each sulfur atom is simultaneously bonded to both Bi atoms. The crystals of complex 2 belong to triclinic with space group P1, a = 10.10(3), b = 10.43(3), c = 13.52(3) A, a=79.71(4), β=85.67(4), y=66.29(4)", Z=2, V=1284(5) A 3 , Dc=1.924 mg/m 3 , μ=7.227 mm - 1 , F(000)=724, R=0.0656, wR=0.0997. In this complex, the bismuth atom is eight-coordinated in a capped distorted pentagonal bipyramidal geometry. Around the central Bi atom, three S atoms and two N atoms occupy equatorial positions and one S atom and one 0 atom occupy axial positions.


In this paper, a real-time CAR (Continuous AR) parameter estimation method from randomly sampled observations is presented. For this purpose, a new concept is introduced: the Pseudo Correlation Vector. This vector, which is equal to the Correlation Vector in the uniform sampling case, reflects the statistical dependencies between successive values of the CAR signal. As a matter of fact, being the limit of a series recursively related to the observations, its real-time estimation becomes especially easy. An inversion of its dependence on the CAR parameters leads then to an estimate of the latter. Theoretical and simulation results regarding the proposed estimator are given.


Low energy pp̄ interaction is considered taking into account the polarization of both particles. The corresponding cross sections are calculated using the Nijmegen nucleon-antinucleon optical potential. Then they are applied to the analysis of the polarization buildup which is due to the interaction of stored antiprotons with polarized protons of a hydrogen target. It is shown that, at realistic parameters of a storage ring and a target, the filtering mechanism may provide a noticeable beam polarization in a time comparable with the beam lifetime.


Numbers of indicator and spoilage organisms were determined on 40 lamb carcasses just after slaughter. The mesophilic and psychrotrophic counts were 3.01 and 2.91 log 10 cfu/cm 2 , respectively. Enterobacteria-ceae and fecal coliforms were at a level of <1 log 10 cfu/cm 2 . Pseudomonads were present in low numbers (1.07 log 10 cfu/cm 2 ) while Brochothrix thermosphacta, enterococci and coagulase-negative, novobiocin-resistant staphylococci occurred at higher levels (ca. 2 log 10 cfu/cm 2 ). Escherichia coli was isolated from 25 % of carcasses. The technical structure of the abattoirs and slaughtering practices did not significantly affect the counts obtained. The highest counts of both indicators and spoilage organisms occurred in spring.


In recent years,vocational education in China has made greater progress with the help of the central government.Vocational education has put more emphases on cultivating students' work ethics,professional skills and full development qualifications.This paper discusses the necessity of building up PE clubs in vocational colleges.


Letter from Martin Perfecto de Cos to Commandant General Jose Domingo Ugartechea, Principal Commandant of Texas.

Instructing Ugartechea to order the military commandants that, if found, Lorenzo de Zavala be forced to sail to Veracruz and also that General Mexia be taken into custody and securely transported to Veracruz.

6/17/1835 127/12, p. 90


Objective: The goal of this study is to characterize the theta to beta ratio (THBR) obtained from electroencephalogram (EEG) measures, in a large sample of community and clinical participants with regard to (a) ADHD diagnosis and subtypes, (b) common psychiatric comorbidities, and (c) cognitive correlates. Method: The sample includes 871 participants (595 youth and 276 adults) with and without ADHD. All participants underwent extensive assessment, including semistructured diagnostic interviews, cognitive testing, and EEG recording. Results: The THBR did not differ significantly by ADHD status for youth but was significantly lower in adults with ADHD compared with controls. ADHD subtype and psychiatric comorbidities such as disruptive behavior disorders and depression have opposing and significant mediating effects on the THBR. Conclusion: The THBR is affected by several mediating factors associated with ADHD such as ADHD subtype and psychiatric comorbidity. More research is needed to understand the functional significance of the THBR in ADHD.


The dipole-dipole section method is a common geophysical exploration tool in the field.But there is little report about the effect correction of topography aberration on the pseudo-section diagram.We use some typical models to make forward calculation for the apparent resistivity and draw the pseudo-section diagram accordingly.The pseudo-section is seriously distorted from the original one at the topography aberration position.And the effecive pseudo-section is not continuous.We should process the section by splitting it to some segments,and analyze it by grades.