Information overload and convergence of devices aggravate the difficulties of accessing data distributed among various user devices especially when this is performed by mobile users and over heterogeneous wireless networks. Existing data replication systems help increase the performance of the distributed data system, but they do not consider users' different levels of interest in various pieces of data and neither heterogeneous wireless connectivity issues. This paper presents the Smart Personal Information Network (Smart PIN), a performance and cost-aware personal information network which uses a novel user- centric utility-based data replication scheme to exchange content automatically, based on both network performance and user interests. The proposed user-centric data replication scheme's evaluation, through simulation, shows improved results in comparison with existing solutions.


MYH9-related disease (MYH9-RD) comprises a spectrum of autosomal-dominant thrombocytopenias: May–Hegglin anomaly, Sebastian, Fechtner, and Epstein syndrome, all caused by mutations in MYH9, the gene for non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA (NMMHC-IIA) [1]. Patients present since birth with macrothrombocytopenia and cytoplasmic aggregates of NMMHCIIA in granulocytes recognizable by specific antibodies. These aggregates are often evident on May–Grünwald–Giemsa (MGG)-stained blood films as Döhle-like inclusions. Patients with MYH9-RD also present the risk of developing during lifetime the additional clinical features of glomerulonephritis, hearing loss and/or cataracts [2]. Here we report a patient with MYH9-RD who experienced idiopathic recurrent venous thromboembolism. The patient was a 40-year-old man with a history of epistaxis and bleeding gums since childhood. Thrombocytopenia was identified for the first time at age 23, when he presented with idiopathic left iliac and femoral vein thrombosis and multiple bilateral segmental defects in a perfusion lung scan. There was no family history of thrombosis. He was treated with heparin and then acenocumarol, which was discontinued because of thrombocytopenia. Four months later, he experienced recurrent proximal venous thrombosis in the contralateral leg, and received oral anticoagulants during 4 years. On follow-up, platelet counts ranged between 18 and 56 10/l and he was given prednisone with minor increases in platelet counts. Twelve years after initial presentation, he experienced thrombosis of the inferior vena cava and, 1 year later, calf vein thrombosis. Thrombophilia screening revealed normal protein C, protein S, antithrombin III and plasminogen levels, normal euglobulin lysis time and no activated protein C resistance. Tests for lupus anticoagulant were normal and IgG and IgM anticardiolipin, anti2glycoprotein I, antiphosphatidylserine and antiphosphatidylinositol antibodies were negative. Platelet GPIIIa genotype was HPA-1a/1a. Factor V Leiden and prothrombin 20210A polymorphisms were absent, while he was homozygous for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677T polymorphism. Homocysteine level by ELISA was 26.2 mmol/l (reference value <18.2 mmol/l). At age 36, urinanalysis revealed proteinuria and microhematuria and he subsequently developed nephrotic syndrome and end-stage renal failure. Homocysteine levels rose to 47.8 mmol/l. Hemodialysis was started and he experienced thrombosis of the radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulae. When macrothrombocytopenia was discovered in the patient's daughter,


T HE gross In completeness of the Returns of Deaths, in a census of the United State 5, is shown in Mr. Elliott's paper, " An approximate Life-table," etc, which accompanies Plates XXXVIII and XXXIX (Part I I I ) ; and the Compiler has,in a note to that paper (page i)h sought to state the main reasons for Lhe omissions which are admitted to occur in enumeration. What, it may be a sited, can be the value of statistics confessedly so imperfect ? Can any deductions be made with confidence from returns of mortality, which omit one-third or more of the deaths which occurred within the period which the returns profess to cover? I shall attempt to answer this question only so far as relates to the immediate subject of the present discussion, the Relations of Race and Nationality to Mortality in the United State* Can we assume that the omissions acknowledged occur so uniformly among the several races and nationalities represented in a census of the United States, as to allow conclusions to be founded with assurance upon the relations which are disclosed by the body of deaths actually reported ? J answer that the several elements of our population, with respect to nice and nationality, are not so placed that we can assume that error Is quite as likely to occur in the enumeration of one as of a no (her, and consequently that, in covering so large a field, errors may be relied upon to balance each other, leaving a result of substantial accuracy. On the contrary, the tendency to omission in the enumeration of deaths varies with the intelligence of the several communities, the density of settlement, the prevailing occupations of the people, and the habils of life, so far as these affect the permanence of residence. It is notorious that the several elements of our population are, the country* over, variously placed with reference to these conditions. Hence me may not assume an equal liability to omission in all. Undoubtedly, some of the elements we are to consider aTe more concerned in the defects of the census law than others; and these differences I believe to be sufficiently great to invalidate conclusions based on anything like a nice determination of preponderance in the census statistics of mortality. To enter into such a discussion of this subject as would serve to establish, even provisionally, the order in which the several elements sustain loss from the causes indicated ; much more, to seek to determine the exact degree of such loss within each such clement, would occupy more of space than remains at my disposal. I will, therefore, content myself with expressing the conviction, arising out of a long and careful examination of the subject, that in no case, the most extreme, do the pro port ions disclosed by the census statistics of mortality by race and nationality depart, as between any one element and another, to the extent of five per cent, from the real facts of mortality as they existed during the census year; while in the great majority of cases, one, two, or three per cent, would amply cover the margin of disturbance due to the causes Indicated. If this belief be correctly founded, the results arrived at in the following discussion may be accepted as true, for I shall restrict myself at the present time to the exposition of those relations which are determined by preponderances too large to come within any reasonable limits of error. The total number of deaths reported in Lhe census of 1870, when reduced to thousandths, was distributed as follows, among the several elements of population which it is proposed in the present paper to take into account: Native white, 726; native colored, 137; total native, S63; total foreign, 134, of which there were, Irish, 55 ; Germans, 38; English and Welsh, 15 ; Swedes, Norwegians, and Danes, 4 ; Scotch, 4; 1'rcnch, 3. The total population of the United States at the date of the enumeration, when likewise reduced to thousandths, was distributed as follows: Native white, 730; native colored. 126; total native, S56; total foreigi^ 144, of which there were, Irish, 48 ; Germans, 44; English and Welsh, 16; Swedes, Norwegians, and Danes, 6; Scotch, 4 ; French, 3, Comparing, now, the number of deaths returned for each enumerated clement of population, with the number of living inhabitants representing the same, we have the number of deaths in each to each 1000 living persons, as follows; Native white, 12.7; native colored, 13.9; total native, 12.9; total foreign, 11.8; Irish, t4.fi; Germans, n ; English and Welsh, 1:1,4; Swedes, Norwegians, and Danes, 9,2 ; Scotch, [2.5 ; French, 14, Figure 3, Plate XT,IV, exhibits to the eye the proportions above expressed, with others which arc deemed essential or advantageous for the discussion of Lhe relations of race and nationality to mortality. The first four verticil lines, counting from the left, relate to the number of living inhabitants on the 1st of June, 1S70, the first representing the aggregate population ; the second, third, and fourth, the population, respectively, above ten, above twenty, and above thirty years of age The fifth line represents the aggregate body of deaths reported as occurring during the census year as above. The group of twelve lines next succeeding represent the body of deaths occurring within each important group of diseases. The group of twenty-one lines which complete the diagram represent the bod)' of deaths occurring within each of the enumerated special diseases or subordinate groups of diseases. The thirty-eight vertical lines described are crossed by lines which show the division of each cjf the thirty-eight subjects represented, among the larger elements of the population which have been taken for our present consideration, The scale of the diagram will not allow the lines representing the Swedes, Norwegians, and Danes, the Scotch and the French to be laid down. These proportions are also, for further convenience of comparison, expressed in parts of 1000 in the following table, in which the nationalities omitted from the diagram appear:—


Multiwavelet transform, a new notion addition to wavelet theory, offers simultaneous orthogonality, symmetry, short support, and vanishing moments, which are not possible with scalar wavelets. In this paper, a novel fusion method for Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Synergetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images using multiwavelet transform is proposed. The approximation subband of the fused multiwavelet transform representation is from that of Landsat TM image, and the detail subbands are constructed by fusing those of Landsat TM and SAR images. The proposed method was compared quantitatively with intensity-hue-saturation, principal component analysis, and wavelet transform. It was found that the presented technique is clearly better than those methods in preserving both spectral and spatial information.


In this paper, we propose a frequency domain based model-free gait recognition approach from silhouette inputs using Fourier Transform. Gait sequences are first converted into frequency domain using Fourier transform. Information content of the frequency components are analysed next to determine the number of effective frequencies which can help in the recognition process. These principal frequencies are treated separately to obtain scores based on the correlation coefficient between the gallery and the probe images. The individual scores are fused in the last stage to obtain the final score. The proposed approach is compared with other state-of-the-art model-free gait recognition algorithms. Experimental results on the USF HumanID database clearly indicate the supremacy of our technique.


Objective: to understand the individual and socio-cultural aspects of the therapeutic itinerary of users of the Emergency Care Unit. Method: this is a cross-sectional study, with a qualitative approach, carried out in an Emergency Care Unit. To elucidate the development of fieldwork and data analysis, Grounded Theory was used as a method. Results: it was noted that the motivation established by the patients, to justify their search for emergency services, varied according to the activities offered by the Health Care Network, the rapid resolution of problems, aggravated chronic diseases due to fragmented care and low knowledge in health by users and / or professionals. Conclusion: Social, financial factors, geographical barriers and failures in the operation of the services offered by the Unified Health System end up favoring the genesis of the phenomenon, thus requiring the strengthening of the entire Health Care Network, as well as existing public policies. DESCRIPTORS: Nursing; Primary Health Care; Emergencies; Health Services.


In the molecule of the title compound, C13H13NO6S, the thiazine ring adopts a distorted sofa conformation. The enolic H atom is involved in intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding besides the weaker C—H⋯O=S and C—H⋯O=C interactions.


ABSTRACT This study quantifies the occurrence of gelatinous zooplankton in the stomach contents of fishes from the southwest Atlantic Ocean (33°–55°S). More than 69,000 fish stomachs belonging to 107 species were examined. A total of 39 fishes were documented as consumers of gelatinous zooplankton, 23 of which were newly discovered. Three gelatinous organism consumption categories are recognized: (1) very frequent consumers (10 species, six of which were exclusive); frequent consumers (five species); and occasional consumers (26 species). Three types of gelatinous prey (ctenophores, salps and medusae) were found in the stomach contents of fishes. Ctenophores were consumed at high levels across almost the entire continental shelves of Argentina and Uruguay. Salps were frequent prey on the slope and southern shelf. In contrast, medusae were consumed in coastal areas, slopes and the southern shelf. Classification methods (group average sorting of the Bray–Curtis similarity measures based on log (X + 1)-transformed percentage data) determined six areas where fishes predated on gelatinous organisms. SIMPER (similarity percentages) analysis determined which fishes contributed more to the consumption of gelatinous organisms. Results revealed that two fish species (Stromateus brasiliensis and Squalus acanthias) had high gelatinous zooplankton predation rates throughout the entire study area, while another six species (Patagonotothen ramsayi, Helicolenus dactylopterus lahillei, Macrourus holotrachys, Merluccius hubbsi, Schroederichthys bivius, and Macruronus magellanicus), while widely distributed, seemed to have specific areas where consumption occurred. This study not only provides new knowledge about the importance of gelatinous zooplankton in the diet of numerous fishes, but might also be valuable for planning and managing local fisheries.


Transnational actors are often assumed to be autonomous in their attempts to influence states. But whenever both share common interests, opportunities for mutual influences exist and states can try to use transnational actors to further their own objectives. Whereas the theoretical discussion in IR has largely overlooked this possibility, it is no stranger to scholars of diasporas and nationalism. Informed by this literature, we apply our notion of state-influenced non-governmental organizations to the field of transnational diaspora politics with its complex relationships between diasporas and their homeland and host states. Our historical case study demonstrates how Israel, via its secret office 'Nativ', significantly influenced the Jewish diaspora and other transnational actors in the mobilization for Soviet Jewish emigration during the Cold War. States are thus not only targets of transnational actors — they can also influence and even initiate transnational movements. In our conclusion, we discuss why such reciprocal relationships should be generally taken into account in the study of transnational relations.


Objective To investigate the characteristic of intelligence of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD).Methods 60 ADHD children were estimated with Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-fourth edition(WISC-Ⅳ).Results The full scale intelligence quotient(FSIQ) and 4 indices of ADHD children were lower than the average(P0.05).All the subtests scores of ADHD children were lower than the average(P0.05) except decoding.Conclusion The general intelligence and abilities of verbal comprehension,reasoning,working memory and operation speed are in the normal range in ADHD children,but poorer than normal children.


To improve the tribological properties of pure MoS2 coating, the MoS2–Zr composite lubricating coatings were prepared on the WC/TiC/Co carbide surface utilizing radio frequency magnetron sputtering method combining with multiple arc ion plating technology. The effects of different Zr target currents on the surface morphologies, roughness, Zr content, adhesive force, thickness, microhardness and tribological behaviors of the composite coatings were systematically investigated. Results showed that the properties of MoS2 coating can be remarkably enhanced through co-deposition of a certain amount of Zr. As the Zr target current increased, the Zr content, surface roughness, thickness, and micro-hardness gradually increased, while the adhesive force of coatings increased first and then decreased. The friction behaviors and wear modes of the composite coatings both varied obviously with the increase of Zr current. The mechanism was mainly attributed to the different components and mechanical properties of the coatings caused by various Zr current.


The invention provides an intelligent industrial control computer which comprises a machine box. An infrared induction device, a storage device used for storing infrared images, a poison spraying device, a liquid poison storage box connected with the poison spraying device and a control device, wherein the infrared induction device and the liquid poison storage box are connected with the control box, and the control device controls the poison spraying device according to results of comparison between signals of the infrared induction device the infrared images stored in the storage device. The intelligent industrial control computer can induct rats and insects and can spray poison accordingly, and therefore equipment can be prevented from being bitten and industrial control computer faults can be reduced.


In this paper, we investigate the invariant interval, periodic character, semicycle and global attractivity of all positive solutions of the equation , n = 0, 1, ..., where the parameters p, q, r and the initial conditions , ..., , are positive real numbers, k {1, 2, 3, ...}. It is worth to mention that our results solve the open problem proposed by Kulenvic and Ladas in their monograph [Dynamics of Second Order Rational Difference Equations: with Open Problems and Conjectures, Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, 2002]


With the study on 20 cases of cerebral palsy children spasm as the research objects,this paper studies the game with a "balanced" intervention method on cerebral palsy children of comprehensive rehabilitation effect.The GMFM scale assess,in gross motor on the patients analyzed,identifying functions by using the WeeFIM scale for the children's curative effect to be evaluated.Divide the game union into experimental and control groups,with the former group based on combining games with "balance" intervention on children's rehabilitation,while the latter one only relying on simple application of "balance" intervention.The results show that: the difference between these two groups wasn't statistically significant based on the GMFM-88.(P 0.05),and after rehabilitation training,GMFM-88 scores were relatively before treatment improved obviously,with P 0.01,which explained that two treatments were valid;and the treatment group was more efficient than the control group,with X2 = 9.56,P 0.01.The game with a "balanced" intervention method in the cerebral palsy children spasm of rehabilitation training is feasible and effective.


PURPOSE: To obtain the title polyurethane foam of high quality by reacting polyisocyanate and a specific polyether in the presence of water and a catalyst. CONSTITUTION: Polyisocyanate (e.g; tolylenediisocyanate) (A) and a polyether (B) having a mol.wt. of 400-10,000 and containing two or more isocyanate reactive groups and containing alkylene oxide in an amt. of 25-80%, pref., 40-60% by wt. of total alkylene are reacted in the presence of a foaming agent (C) consisting of water (a) and, if necessary, an org. foaming agent (b), 0.2-0.7 pts.wt. per 100 pts.wt. of the component (B) of a catalyst (D) selected from (thio)urea and a derivative thereof and, if necessary, a component (E) consisting of a compd. (c) with a mol.wt. of 32-399 containing two or more isocyanate reactive hydrogen atoms and a known surface active and flameproof additive and other known auxiliary (d). COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO


Generalized oscillator strengths and integrated cross sections from threshold to 1000 eV are calculated in the Glauber approximation for 2s-3s and 2s-3d excitations. The calculations are carried out using Hartree-Fock wave function of Weiss. The results are compared with the Born calculations using the same wave function and available experimental data.


Mitochondrial transcription factor A ( TFAM ) is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein that plays an important role in energy metabolism and is a candidate gene for fat deposition in cattle and human. In the present study, we characterized the methylation status of bovine TFAM promoter flanking the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs42159487C>T, previously reported to affect fat deposition. Our results showed that the cytosine at this SNP position is methylated and therefore results in gain/loss of the functional CpG locus (5 m C>T). Promoter constructs developed based on three TFAM SNPs showed that the C/C/C haplotype associated with fat deposition in beef cattle had lower promoter function/activity than A/T/T haplotype. Our results imply that genetic variability underlying gain/loss of the CpG sites in the nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins might be good candidate loci for fat deposition phenotypes.


Kalakand or Qalaqand is a popular Indian sweet made out of solidified, sweetened milk and cottage cheese. It owes it origin to the milk-rich Braj area of western Uttar Pradesh. It is a very popular sweetmeat in North and East India.. The term qand in qalaqand is derived from the Arabic language and means sweets. Cascade model's single and double hidden layers ability were tested for detecting shelf life of kalakand. Results of developed models were evaluated with Mean Square Error, Root Mean Square Error and Coefficient of Determination. From the study, it is concluded that single hidden layer cascade models are better than double hidden layer models in detecting shelf life of kalakand stored at 6 o C.


Christlieb Ehregott Gellert (1713-1795) (Fig. 1) was the first professor of metallurgical chemistry at the Mining Academy in Freiberg on its foundation in 1765. His book Metallurgic Chymistry was first published in German in 1751 as Anfangsgründe der metallurgischen Chemie (Fig. 2). The book is a little known work although it is of special importance because it was written towards the end of the Age of Alchemy. It was also the first and last book combining chemistry and metallurgy, a course Gellert was giving at the Academy. His successor Wilhelm Lampadius (1772-1842) separated this course into two sections: one for chemistry and one for metallurgy (1). The book, therefore, provides a glimpse at a critical period in the history of chemistry and metallurgy, with use of the alchemist symbols and adherence to the phlogiston theory.


The three years Chinese civil war(1946~1949) which resulted in the defeat of Koumingtong's retreat to the Chinese island of Taiwan in 1949,prompted confusion within the International Olympic Committee (IOC) as in other international issues. Two sports organizations emerged,one in the name of the People's Republic of China and another in the name of the Chinese island of Taiwan, each claiming to represent China in international sports affairs. The impasse reached its climax when the People's Republic of China withdrew from the Olympic Movement in 1958. Finally,the issue of their legal seats in the IOC for the Chinese Olympic Committee and the Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee,which had lasted for thirty years,was settled during Nagoya meeting by the IOC Executive Board in October 1979.


This report documents a cooperative effort to collect, process, and make available information about successful methods of varying seal coat asphalt application rates across treated roadways to optimize aggregate retention and avoid wheel path flushing. This topic is of critical importance to maximizing value obtained from the Texas Department of Transportation's (TxDOT's) multi-million dollar preventive maintenance program. The primary source of the information was highly experienced TxDOT personnel. Researchers used a field interview process to capture knowledge that had been gained through years of roadway practice. Construction specifications and a field guidebook entitled "Guide for Transversely Varying Asphalt Rates" were developed. Captured field experience and knowledge were prepared for placement into TxDOT's knowledge management system and seal coat inspector training course.


Background and objective Lead has long been recognized as a harmful environmental pollutant. Developing countries like Bangladesh still have higher risk of lead exposure. Previous research suggests...


The design and development of games for games with a purpose or serious games often requires that stakeholders from disparate backgrounds collaborate. This often presents significant challenges such as finding common ground, developing shared vocabularies, and understanding each other's expectations, all of which affect team cohesion. We present a case study illustrating how a participatory design method -- the design box -- can facilitate the collaborative efforts of interdisciplinary teams. The design box is a technique for generating game ideas (or pitches) in an iterative fashion using four "walls" or constraints: technology, audience, aesthetics, and the question or problem to be solved. We found this method helped the team understand the potential of games, develop a shared vocabulary, and increase team cohesion.


The following comparative table, relating to the year 1995, will show that India is one of the biggest countries in the world in terms of geographical size, population and economy (on purchasing power parity basis). It is the second most populous country in the world, after China.


Software reliability is a major factor in software quality and is the index by which users judge particular software. Sof tware reliability to the users is the ability of the software to perform its perce ived function without fail. It therefore must be determined in all software projec ts of importance. Some software reliability models were reviewed and the J elinski-Moranda model was chosen which was considered the most appropriate fo r the intended software tool (i.e RelSoft). Some software houses were visit ed and failure data collected, formatted and analyzed. The least square method was used to determine some parameters such as Et (i.e. total error) and K, the proportionality constant. These parameters were used as input to design Relso ft tool which was then used in determining the reliability levels of the selected software produced by Nigerian software companies. The result obtained fr om RelSoft, showed that nine out of the ten selected software have reliabil ity levels ranging from 0.507 to 0.825, except one which has a reliability level of 0.425. Other reliability indicators such as failure rate and Mean Time To Fa ilure (MTTF) were also calculated using RelSoft. The software reliability is measured on a scale ranging from zero to one (i.e. 0 to 1). However, fo r life-critical application the reliability must be in the region of 0.999 for it to be considered to be reliable.


Radio frequency (RF) signal classification has significantly been used for detecting and identifying the features of unknown unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This paper proposes a method using empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) on extracting the communication channel characteristics of intruding UAVs. The decomposed intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) except noise components are selected for RF signal pattern recognition based on machine learning (ML). The classification results show that the denoising effects introduced by EMD and EEMD could both fit in improving the detection accuracy with different features of RF communication channel, especially on identifying time-varying RF signal sources.


1Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, and 2Faculty of Medicine, University of Manchester, and 3Department of Medical Statistics, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK Correspondence to: Mr M. M. Mughal, Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2PG, UK (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com)


The perform ance o f modern r a i l r o a d systems depends g re a t ly upon th e in t e g r i t y o f connections between a b u tt in g r a i l s e c t io n s . Welded r a i l jo in t s are a c h a r a c te r is t ic fa c to r o f contem porary r a i l  road fa b r ic a t io n . Th is s tudy in v o lv e s the e v a lu a tio n o f Thermex and B ou te t th e rm ite ty p e f i e l d w e ld ing processes c u r re n t ly used in jo in in g long s t r in g s o f con tinuous welded r a i l . Weld param eters such as p re  heat tem pera tu re and gap s iz e between a b u tt in g r a i l s p r io r to w e ld ing were in v e s t ig a te d . M e ta l!o g ra p h ic , ra d io g ra p h ic , and m icroprobe analyses were conducted on severa l welds in a d d it io n to fundamental mechanical te s t in g . Both welds e x h ib ite d ex trem e ly low te n s i le d u c t i l i t y and Thermex welds e x h ib ite d ex tre m e ly poor im pact toughness. Impact f ra c tu re s were in te rg ra n u la r in n a tu re , c h a ra c te r iz e d by p r io r a u s te n i t ic g ra in s decora ted w ith f e r r i t e . Aluminum n i t r id e p re c ip ita te s cou ld be the cause o f the weld e m b r itt le m e n t.


This section details the development of the construction and the technical characteristics of operation of the actuators, control cards, sensors and special software to be used in the Delta parallel type robot. The Delta platform consists of a fixed platform, a mobile platform and a clamp that together have 5 degrees of freedom which is completely maneuverable if requested. The prototype is based on the commercial robot LLC army Delta, the robot has as a specialty the positioning of objects through the replication of movements of the user's hand.
The Delta robot will be controlled by the Xbox Kinect sensor version 1.14, which will operate by imitating movements captured by the sensor using artificial vision, providing control and management in real time waiting for easy handling. The implementation of the Delta robot starts by reverse engineering its design taking as reference the LLC army Delta, for the construction the 3D printing method was designed, designing each piece in the AutoCad 2016 environment.
The relevant communication tests will be carried out, and operation to verify the accuracy of the robot, once the objectives are reached, the robot tries to serve as inspiration in applications of different control methods in different robotic applications.


Objective:To investigate the effects of 2-week and 6-week cold water swimming on the levels of neurotrophins and their mRNA in hippocampus of rats brain.Method:A total of 64 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups:blank control group1(C1,n=16),blank control group 2(C2,n=16),2-week cold water swimming group(S2)and 6-week cold water swimming group(S6,n=16).Twenty-four h after the last swim training rats were sacrificed by decapitation.ELISA and real time-PCR were used to detect the expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),nerve growth factor(NGF),neurotrophins-3(NT-3),and their mRNA respectively.Result:The levels of BDNF,NGF,NT-3 and their mRNA didn't change in group C1 and group C2.Compared with C1 group,the levels of BDNF,NGF and their mRNA both increased in hippocampus in S2 group.The levels of BDNF,NT-3 and BDNF mRNA both increased,but NT-3 mRNA didn't change in hippocampus in S6 group compared with C2 group.Compared with S2 group,the BDNF and its mRNA decreased in hippocampus in S6 group.Conclusion:The 2-week and 6-week cold water swim training could both affect the levels of NTs in hippocampus of rat's brain,and 6-week cold water swim training maybe produce more extensive effects.With the prolonged cold water swim training,NTs could be down-regulated adaptively,because the expressions of BDNF and its mRNA were decreased after 6-week cold water swimming compared with 2-week cold water swimming.


[Objective] The aim was to seek the optimum transplanting technique for the anther culture plant of Pepper.[Method] With the anther regenerated plant of pepper as material,the effect of different hardening-seedling ways and transplanting matrix on its transplanting survival rate was studied.[Result] The domestication transplanting procedure of Pepper anther regenerated plant was established,and it was hardening-seedling in bottle → hardening-seedling in opening bottle → hardening-seedling out of bottle → hardening in field and protected condition.With When hardening-seedlings were adaptable for light adaptation firstly and moisture secondly,the transplanting survival rate was the highest,reaching above 95%,while that of other 2 hardening-seedling ways was all lower than 60%.When the transplanting matrix was river sand: perlite : peat(1∶1∶1),the transplanting survival rate was the highest,being 90.0% with better growth vigor.When the transplanting matrix was perlite: peat: garden soil=1∶1∶1,the transplanting survival rate was only 50.0%.[Conclusion] With river sand: perlite: peat(1∶1∶1) as transplanting matrix and light adaptation firstly and moisture adaptation secondly,the transplanting survival rate of pepper anther regenerated plant was higher.


A method of simultaneous determining 31 pesticides in wool fiber was established by gas chromatographytandem mass spectrometry(GC-MS/MS).Acetone + n-hexane was used as solvent extraction,improved QuEChERS method was adopted for purifying method.The samples were analyzed using GC-MS/MS multiple reaction monitoring mode(MRM),quantified by the internal standard method.The results showed that in the linear range of 0.03-15.0 mg/L,the correlation coefficients were greater than 0.994 3.The recoveries at the fortified levels of 0.02-1.0 mg/kg(n=5) ranged from 62.4% to 110.6% with the relative standard deviations(RSD) of 4.5%-13.6%.The method was accurate,repeatable,sensitive,simple,and suitable for simultaneous determination of multiple pesticide residues in wool fiber.


Hymenolepis nana is a common parasitic disease that spreads mainly to children.
The present study aims to circulate anti-parasite antibody responses against H.nana
in the symptomatic and asymptomatic IN children with assured hymenolepiasis
examined in Al-Najaf province. Symptomatic patients were explicitly used as follows: the existence of H.nana eggs in the feces with more symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, losing weight, flatulency, appetite loss, and nausea. Antiparasite of the humoral immune response had been measured using indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) and ELISA. A significant disparity was noticed in the antiparasite antibody response when measuring the IFA of the asymptomatic and
symptomatic patients. Over 37% of asymptomatic patients had a titer of 1:500 or
lower, and more than 28% of symptomatic patients had a titer of 1:8000 or higher.
When measured by ELISA, the circulation of anti-parasite overall IgM and IgA is
significantly higher in symptomatic than asymptomatic patients, as regarding upper egg production showed in the symptomatic people.
Keywords: Hymenolepis nana, Cysticercoids, asymptomatic and symptomatic
patients, Antibody response.


The accumulation of He atoms in materials will significantly degrade the mechanical properties of materials; therefore, understanding the properties of He interstitials and their clusters in materials is of fundamental importance within a fusion reactor environment. The diffusion properties of single He interstitials and He clusters in the bulk and grain boundaries of α-Fe are being studied using molecular dynamics with a new Fe-He potential. It is found that the migration barrier for a single He interstitial in the bulk is very low, which is consistent with the result obtained using ab initio methods. Large He clusters can cause Fe self-interstitial atoms (SIA) to be formed, which can be trapped by the resulting vacancy, forming a He-vacancy complex. It is found that for He interstitials in grain boundaries (GBs), the He migration is one-dimensional in a Σ11 GB, while it is two-dimensional in a Σ3 GB at 600 K and three-dimensional at higher temperatures.


The economic slump of the 1970s for much of the Western world, in particular Australia because of the drop in commodity prices, affected unemployment levels such that in some instances, especially amongst the young, it was about as bad as the 1930s (according to Eric Hobsbawn in 'Age of Extremes'). And things have not improved much since.


Within this paper methods in reducing weight and optimizing the front-end structure, by specifically targeting both new materials and redesigning the cashbox, to improve crashworthiness were investigated. This was accomplished through redesigning the cross-sectional shape of the crash box, trigger location and type of trigger used, and the use of different materials. The optimal crash box design was found to be a hexagonal prism that incorporated a central trigger which reduced the thickness from 2mm to 1mm. Moreover, the ideal material was identified to be SGF/PA6/GnPls. When this optimized crash box was incorporated to the front-end structure and the ideal material applied to the bumper beam, the fully optimized front-end structure reduced the weight by 75%, reduced peak force by 28% and increased specific energy absorption by 94% and 55% for a frontal and side collision respectively.


Different methods used to design mathematical models for a satellite channel are considered. These channel models, based on homogeneous Markov chains, are used as a basis for evaluation of OSI layer two protocols. The parameter design of the models is based on measured block error probabilities, obtained by German PTT on the Olympus 20/30-GHz channel. Since the block error rate is one of the most important issues for a satellite channel, the modeling will be based on block-oriented data transfers. The authors compare block error probabilities of Gilbert's (1960) and Fritchman's (1967) models with two generative time variant models. The first is a one-dimensional Markov chain (called time variant model, TV) and the second is a two-layered Markov model (called two layer time variant model, TLTV). Analyses and simulations show that the TLTV model exhibits the best results.<<ETX>>


The purpose of this chapter is to overview types of asynchronous student-student interactions with a focus on designed interaction in an online discussion forum context, as well as to illustrate pedagogical approaches to scaffolding interactions. Student-student interaction in asynchronous online discussion is the emphasis of this chapter. The chapter focuses on a review of the literature on the roles of the instructor, student, and learning task in the online teaching and learning process. Ways in which these roles interact is then discussed including an overview of types of interactions. The chapter then focuses on contextual and designed interactions including conditions documented in research as to how to effectively use designed interaction to scaffold student-student interaction. Next, a guiding model is presented for how to plan for asynchronous interaction. Finally, challenges faced when designing or implementing synchronous discussions are discussed, as well as potential recommendations for overcoming these challenges.


We will address in this work issues about identity and critical reading in Spanish classes as a foreign language with prese ntation of proposals for such readings that will enable a identity confrontation between learners and the studied Latin American culture through the Cultural Studies. For this, we will analyze the Mafalda comic strip with the theme of representations of po wer in comparison with the Brazilian reality.


A. INTRODUCTION The adoption of proprietary technologies by standard-setting organisations (SSOs) is often necessary to ensure that the resulting standard provides the greatest possible value to its users and, therefore, to guarantee the success of the standardisation process. Nonetheless, some claim that the selection of proprietary technologies as standards may also create significant market power, generate returns in excess of those needed to remunerate innovation, distort competition and restrict the dissemination of new and superior technologies. 1 Concerns of this sort are behind the discussions of "patent ambush", where a patent holder fails to properly disclose its patents to an SSO during a standard's development, but emerges seeking royalties after the industry is committed to implementing. Both the US and European competition agencies have brought patent ambush cases, most recently the investigations of Rambus and its dealings with the SSO JEDEC over computer memory standard. 2 At the heart of these matters is the concern over ill-gotten market power, achieved through the standard-setting process. A necessary (but not sufficient) condition for the creation of ex post market power (ie attributable to standard selection) is the absence of alternative technologies that can be substituted for


We use the digital records of the Yunnan Telemetered Digital Seismic Network to study the environment stress value τ_0 in the Yunnan region from Jan.1999 to Nov.2003.The result shows the peak velocity of ground movement(r·v) accords with the calibration relations of M~(1/2)_0τ_0.This result is suitable for the law of moderate and small earthquake activity in Yunnan.And it is better to describe the stress field with τ_(0c),the environment shear stress value in a given area,than only with τ_(0).By studying the change of environment stress field before the M_S≥5 earthquakes in Yunnan since 1999,we found single or group of high τ_(0c)-values appears 40 days before 79% earthquakes,and group anomalies amount to 60%;and the anomalous change of τ_(0c) can indicate the location of the mainshock before 60% earthquakes with anomaly.It is a new probe applying digital waveform date to short-term and impending-earthquake prediction.


Expertise constitutes the foundation of an organization's ability to benefit from competitive and comparative advantage. Expert systems are the principal form of technology promising enhanced propagation of expertise, yet have been accused of fostering its extinction. The critical feature distinguishing expert systems from other computer-based information systems is their potential to furnish explanations.
Prior studies demonstrated that explanations enhance user confidence in expert system recommendations, discovering that explanation presentation affects user acquisition of several forms of domain knowledge. This study extends prior findings by integrating earlier results within a proposed framework for expert system explanations, the core of which was empirically tested and confirmed. The framework establishes a link among explanation content and intended function.
Relationships among explanation content, presentation format, acquisition of expertise, invocation mode, and various user perceptions regarding the system and explanations were hypothesized. A simulated expert system interface, with variations in explanation features, was written to conduct a controlled experiment employing 260 student subjects. The problem task was product/process matching, within the domain of manufacturing strategy.
The principal content/function associations stipulated in the framework were confirmed: Facts content promotes clarification, trace content promotes duplication, and justification content promotes ratification.
The critical importance of justification explanations was highlighted through numerous significant findings. The impact of the presence or absence of justification explanations was pervasive, spreading to measures that were not affected by this feature, such as ease of use. Most subject perceptual measures were strongly linked to this one characteristic, indicating that user acceptance of an expert system may hinge on the presence of justification explanations. Differences were also found between optional and automatic invocation of explanations, indicating that even a single keystroke for invocation may affect a user's decision to view an explanation, and thereby indirectly affect their perceptions of the system's adequacy.


In many applications, association rules will only be interesting if they represent non-trivial correlations between all constituent items. Numerous techniques have been developed that seek to avoid false discoveries. However, while all provide useful solutions to aspects of this problem, none provides a generic solution that is both flexible enough to accommodate varying definitions of true and false discoveries and powerful enough to provide strict control over the risk of false discoveries. This paper presents generic techniques that allow definitions of true and false discoveries to be specified in terms of arbitrary statistical hypothesis tests and which provide strict control over the experiment wise risk of false discoveries.


Personalized System of Instruction (PSI), broadly employed in the 1970's, and Distance Learning (DL) are teaching methodologies that differ from the traditional models of education, in which the critical core of information transmission is the teacher. This work presents the main features of both PSI and DL, highlighting their similarities. Studies in which PSI and DL were used together are described, and the advantages of this junction are discussed. It is suggested, at the end of this work, that using PSI and DL together may be a viable way of dissemination and democratization of quality education, based on empirical evidence of its effectiveness.


tion that deserves serious interrogation – an interrogation that Tenure Denied only begins to explore with these case studies; however much work remains to be done. Would American academia be better for female faculty if it were more like Canada (where tenure clocks are typically shorter), more like Germany (where a long, ''second doctorate'' is required), more like France (where academics are more like civil servants), or more like the UK (where many university contracts are now ones without any promise of tenure)? There is no inevitability to tenure as it is currently constructed in American academia. A shorter tenure clock, lessening the overlap between the tenure years and the childbearing years, might lessen the systemic barriers women face in academia, as might other fundamental, institutional changes. We both found Tenure Denied an easy-to-read, enjoyable, and thoughtprovoking volume. Any American academic considering taking legal action in a tenure denial case – or even one anticipating a nasty tenure battle – should read the common sense advice in Tenure Denied before going further.


Significance Compared with children and adults, teens and young adults often exhibit greater impulsivity and corresponding increases in emergency room visits, accidents from drug or alcohol use, and increased mortality risk. However, it remains poorly understood how increased impulsivity during adolescence may be explained in terms of brain and cognitive development. We focused on impatience, a central component of impulsiveness. We relate impatient behavior on a decision-making task to changes in connectivity within the brain's frontostriatal circuitry. Our results suggest that relative future orientation, not sensitivity to immediate rewards, determines adolescent impatience. These findings may help to design interventions to prevent the detrimental effects of adolescent impulsiveness and serve as a template for understanding neurodevelopmental disorders. Adolescence is a developmental period associated with an increase in impulsivity. Impulsivity is a multidimensional construct, and in this study we focus on one of the underlying components: impatience. Impatience can result from (i) disregard of future outcomes and/or (ii) oversensitivity to immediate rewards, but it is not known which of these evaluative processes underlie developmental changes. To distinguish between these two causes, we investigated developmental changes in the structural and functional connectivity of different frontostriatal tracts. We report that adolescents were more impatient on an intertemporal choice task and reported less future orientation, but not more present hedonism, than young adults. Developmental increases in structural connectivity strength in the right dorsolateral prefrontal tract were related to increased negative functional coupling with the striatum and an age-related decrease in discount rates. Our results suggest that mainly increased control, and the integration of future-oriented thought, drives the reduction in impatience across adolescence.


The preferential attachment mechanism that forms scale-free network cannot display assortativity, i.e., the degree of one node is positively correlated with that of their neighbors in the network. Given the attributes of network nodes, a cultural trait-matching mechanism is further introduced in this paper. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate that the higher selection probability of such mechanism, the more obvious the assortativity is shown in networks. Further, the degree of nodes presents a positive logarithm correlation with that of adjacent ones. Finally, this study discusses the theoretical and practical significances of the introduction of such a cultural trait-matching mechanism.


This study examined the cognitive and attitudinal predictors of passion in individuals (N = 82) involved in a dating relationship. The study found that how people cognitively organize the content of partner knowledge (integrated vs. compartmentalized) in the context of the content (positive vs. negative) of the partner knowledge predicted how likely they were to idealize their dating partner and relationship and how passionate they felt about their dating partner. Idealization was also found to mediate the relationship between individuals' cognitive organization of their partner knowledge and their passion for their partner. Waller (1938) was the first social scientist to suggest that dating partners idealize each other during courtship. A contemporary rendering of Waller's thesis would go as follows: When partners fall in love, they may begin to fantasize about forming a "perfect union" with a "soul-mate," and such a fantasy may lead them to focus more on their lover's virtues and to discount their loved one's faults. Idealization that becomes stronger as the relationship develops leads to partners' deeper feelings of love and passion for one another. Passionate love has been characterized as an "intense longing for union" (Hatfield, 1988, p. 192), as love "based upon an idealization of an individual, rather than upon the individual as he or she exists in reality" (Sternberg, 1988, p. 124), and as "a subjective perception of increasing intimacy" (Baumeister & Bratslavsky, 1999, p. 49) in a relationship. According to Hatfield and Sprecher (1986), partners are eager to learn new information about one another, and as they open up to each other, they develop strong positive feelings for one another (Baumeister & Bratslavsky, 1999). Little data exist that bear upon the characteristics of those involved in passionate relationships. Hatfield and Sprecher's (1986) discussion of passionate love suggests that youthful partners may be more prone to experience passion than older partners. Social scientists generally view passion as tied in more with a desire for intimacy than with its achievement; thus it is seen as more likely to be rooted, at least in part, in the idealization of one's partner than in a realistic view of a partner's real virtues or strengths. Some research also suggests that people who experience strong emotions or who are otherwise under stress, may be particularly vulnerable to becoming involved in a passionate romance. Hatfield (1988) summarizes evidence that suggests that delight, when mixed "with anxiety and fear, or simply high arousal, can often play a part [in fueling passion]" (p. 204). Learning new information about a partner is a process that can be at once delightful and stressful. How do partners deal with new information, and what effect does it have upon their relationship, especially if some of this information is negative? Will it influence the degree to which they idealize their partner and the extent to which they feel passion for this person? The empirical literature suggests that people may use a variety of strategies to deal with their partners' negative characteristics and behaviors, and that these strategies are associated with aspects of relationship quality and stability (e.g., Bradbury & Fincham, 1990, 1991; Holmes & Murray, 1996; Noller & Ruzzene, 1991; Reis & Knee, 1996; Weiss, 1980). One strategy, used in the present report, is that of compartmentalized vs. integrated cognitive organization of the knowledge and beliefs about the partner. The compartmentalization model focuses on the way individuals organize positive and negative beliefs about a partner (Showers, 1992, 1995; Showers & Kling, 1996a). Partner beliefs characterize one's partner within a set of categories (partner aspects) that "represent different domains, roles, experiences, states, or traits" (Showers & Kevlyn, 1999, p. 959) of the partner. …


Chemistry-climate models attempt to bring together our best knowledge of the key processes that govern the composition of the atmosphere and its response to changes in forcing. We test these models on a process by process basis by comparing model results to data from many sources. A more difficult task is testing the model response to changes. One way to do this is to use the natural and anthropogenic experiments that have been done on the atmosphere and are continuing to be done. These include the volcanic eruptions of El Chichon and Pinatubo, the solar cycle, and the injection of chlorine and bromine from CFCs and methyl bromide. The test of the model's response to these experiments is their ability to produce the long-term variations in ozone and the trace gases that affect ozone. We now have more than 25 years of satellite ozone data. We have more than 15 years of satellite and ground-based data of HC1, HN03, and many other gases. I will discuss the testing of models using long-term satellite data sets, long-term measurements from the Network for Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC) , long-term ground-based measurements of ozone.


Cordierite powders were prepared by a controlled hydrolysis of metal alkoxides with ethanol and distilled water. HC1 was used as a catalyst. The amount of HCI catalyst used was in range of 0.1-0. 5mol per lmol of TEOS. Effects of HC1 catalyst on the characteristics of cordierite powder were examined. -Cordierite powder prepared with HCI/TEOS mol ratio of O.lmol/mol was crystallized at . On the other hand, -cordierite powders prepared with HCI/TEOS rnol ratio of 0.3 and 0.5rnol/mol were crystallized at . Spinel( mA120a) phase remained up to in the cordierite powder prepared with HCI/TEOS rnol ratio of 0.lrnolirnol. On the contrary, spinel phase was absent, and mordierite was the only phase remalned at in the cordierite powder prepared with HCI/TEOS mol ratio of 0.3 and O:5mol/mol


Mapping of the surficial geology in the Hodges Hill area shows a strong regional north to northeast ice-flow regime. An early eastward ice-flow and a later local east-southeastward flow were identified, although they appear to have had little affect on the regional till geochemical dispersal patterns. Till cover is extensive inland, generally greater than 1 m, whereas the coastal areas are dominated by marine and glaciomarine sediments. This hampered geochemical exploration in the area due to the possible reworking of the sediments by marine processes below 75 m asl. A regional till geochemical sampling program collected about 1100 samples from surficial sediments taken from below the B-soil horizon where possible. Geochemical data derived from the samples collected during the 1999 field season will be open-filed in late 2000.


DUV positive acting chemically amplified resists are imaged by exposure to light, to generate acid, followed by exposure to heat, to activate acid catalytic deprotection of the resin. There are four mechanisms for imaging the photoresist polymer. The mechanism that dominates depends on the temperature range being examined. The lowest temperature region is effectively non-catalytic. The next three regions are catalytic. The lithography for each one of these regions is unique. In the lowest temperature catalytic region, the isolated line features require more exposure than grouped lines to attain target sizing. In the next higher temperature region, the relative sizing for the two types of lines are reversed. The highest temperature region is a result of thermal degradation of the polymer. This paper reviews experimental isolated line to grouped line bias dependence on PEB temperature for an acid catalyzed resist; and then, using experimentally determined modeling parameters, and the lithographic simulator, PROLITH/2, interprets this phenomena to be a result of the degree of acid diffusion within each catalytic region.


At LinkedIn our mission is to build active communities for all of our members such that members are able to disseminate or seek professional content at the right time on the right channel. We mine a variety of data sources including LinkedIn's Economic Graph and member activities on the site and use large scale machine learning algorithms to recommend members to connect to people they might know to build active communities. We build real-time recommendations to disseminate information so that members never miss a relevant conversation that is going on in any of the communities they are part of. Through this talk we will showcase how we are trying to solve some of the most challenging problems on internet-scale social network analysis, streaming algorithms, and multi-objective optimization.


Objective: To evaluate whether lying in a nest affects the posture and spontaneous movements of healthy preterm infants. Method: 10 healthy preterm infants underwent serial video recording in the supine position, when lying in a nest and outside it, at three ages: 30–33 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) (early preterm), 34–36 weeks PMA (late preterm) and 37–40 weeks PMA (term). The nest was shell-shaped, made by putting two rolled blankets in a form of an oval. Posture was assessed both before and after general movements by scoring the predominant postural pattern. Movements towards and across the midline, elegant wrist movements, abrupt hand and/or limb movements, rolling to side, and frozen postures of the arms and legs were assessed during four general movements. All data relating to motor and postural items were normalised into frequencies of events per minute because the general movements varied in duration. Results: When lying in the nest, the infants more often displayed a flexed posture with shoulder adduction and elbow, and hip and knee flexion, and the head was frequently in the midline. The nest was also associated with an increase in elegant wrist movements and movements towards and across the midline and a reduction in abrupt movements and frozen postures of the limbs. The nest did not affect the occurrence of asymmetrical tonic neck posture. Conclusions: A nest promotes a flexed posture of the limbs with adduction of shoulders, facilitates elegant wrist movements and movements towards and across the midline and reduces abrupt movements and frozen postures of the arms and legs.


Clinical guidelines are statements that have been systematically developed and which aim to assist clinicians in making decisions about treatment for specific conditions1. They are linked to evidence and are meant to facilitate good medical practice. The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) is part of the Government's agenda for healthcare. One of its main functions is to develop, issue and encourage the use of objective guidelines, thus promoting 'best practice'. A key issue that follows is how lawyers and the courts might use such guidelines in medical litigation.

At the heart of clinical negligence lies the question of whether or not the practice of a defendant doctor has fallen below the required standard of care. Under common law in the UK, the minimal acceptable standard of care is measured against responsible medical practice, and not against guidelines2. In law, therefore, it is expert medical evidence that primarily assists the court in determining what the standard of care should be, and until now clinical guidelines have played a subsidiary role.

This paper discusses the role of guidelines within the context of the tort of negligence, with reference to their use currently and the possible medicolegal implications of guidelines from NICE in the future.


Conventional methods for video motion compensation are usually based on the movement of blocks of pixels in the spatial domain. This can give rise to "block" type artifacts, that are undesirable in professional television broadcasting applications. An attractive alternative is to perform motion compensation in the frequency domain using phase correlation. This paper describes a 64-point Fourier transform chip that performs a forward or inverse, 64-point Fourier transform on complex two's complement data supplied at a rate of 13.5 MHz (one real 16 b word and one imaginary 16 b word, at a clock rate of 27 MHz) and can operate at clock rates of up to 40 MHz, under worst-case conditions. It uses a 0.6 /spl mu/m double-level metal CMOS technology, contains 535 k transistors and uses an internal 3.3 V power supply. It has an area of 7.8x8 mm/sup 2/, dissipates 0.9 W, has 48 I/O pins and is housed in a 84 pin PLCC plastic package.


The WKS sampling theorem is a fundamental result in the field of telecommunication and signal processing. It is a perfect example of the synthesis of traditionally distinct disciplines in mathematics, engineering analysis, and the sciences. The theorem recovers a bandlimited signal from its samples at uniformly points, which purpose is to analyze deterministic functions, or deterministic signals. However, there are a few counterparts of this theorem for random signals so far. This article gives a new WKS sampling principle on random signals from local averages with probability 1.


The purpose of the paper is to examine how development of social entrepreneurship can redress the abnormalities associated with economic growth and development paradox. This is because rapid economic growth and various experiments with activist government have not been sufficient to lift a huge portion of the world population, particularly those of less developed countries (LDCs) out of poverty. EX-post facto research was adopted for the study involving review of economic growth and development plans of the country from independence to date, and a comparative analysis of select oil producing countries and Asian countries socio-economic indices. These select countries were decades back rated at par with Nigeria, but today have left the country behind. Data were presented on tables and simple percentage (%) used for simplified comparison and inferences. Results shows poor social-economic indices for the country over the past decades compared to other select countries. It was therefore concluded that articulation of policies that can impact on the well-being of the populace should integrate social-entrepreneurship programmes and policies to promote self-reliance and productive activities at individual and community-levels so that their attendant chain-effects can revamp the economy and restore human dignity. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2014.v3n4p485


Infant sleep disturbance (ISD) is widespread and troublesome. Although effective management techniques have been established, some lay and professional authors have expressed concern about these interventions. These concerns are sometimes shared by parents who seek professional advice while feeling ambivalent about undertaking treatment. These concerns include (a) that ISD is normal and inevitable, (b) that it results from unnatural or artificial cultural practices, (c) the belief that ISD expresses a need state, and (d) the belief that the use of extinction is harmful. These concerns are examined and the management of ISD by extinction and its alternatives are considered in the light of the ethics of professional practice. It is concluded that these concerns are best answered within the context of a professional relationship based on a partnership and the sharing of expertise with parents.


In order to propose a criterion for distinguishing two failure modes of single-layer reticulated shells subjected to earthquakes,seismic responses of single-layer reticulated shells are analyzed with the full-range responses method considering material damage accumulation(relationship between responses and peak accelerations of dynamic actions).This criterion can guide the structural practice in seismic areas.The failure characteristics of reticulated shells with different failure mode are described.Then,according to results of parameter analysis,the mathematics model based on fuzzy synthetic evaluation method of fuzzy mathematics is established,which is used to distinguish the failure modes.Finally,the efficiency of the fuzzy synthetic evaluation model is validated.


The paper explores the body components of students majored in different sports enrolled in 2004 in School of Physical Education of Linyi Normal University with an advanced body analyzing machine,ZEUS 9.9. The result shows that the humoral indexes of students majored in various sports are relative to the sports training and heredity,so the humoral indexes could be used to evaluate the effect of exercise and select the junior athletes.


After decades when only higher primates had been found in the Oligocene deposits of the Fayum, Egypt, a few isolated teeth of prosimians and a partial mandible of a tarsier were discovered there in th


We describe the evaluation work of two standard approaches to the surface realisation of definite descriptions as Portuguese text. Taking as an input a non-linguistic representation of the description to be generated, a rule-based approach makes use of grammar constraints to compute the appropriate surface string, whereas a competing probabilistic model applies n-gram statistics to the same task. The results of both systems are compared against a corpus of human-produced descriptions and their advantages are discussed.


Significance Expression of keratin 17 (K17), an intermediate filament-forming cytoskeletal protein, is induced in a broad range of human carcinomas and has prognostic value for a growing number of tumor types. We report here that K17 is induced in response to DNA damage and that a nuclear pool of K17 regulates the immediate response to such damage, with an associated impact on cell survival. Impairing the nuclear pool of K17 markedly attenuates tumor initiation in mouse skin. Our finding adds a role for nuclear K17 in the DNA damage response (DDR) and further substantiates the significance of K17 expression and function during tumorigenesis. High levels of the intermediate filament protein keratin 17 (K17) are associated with poor prognoses for several human carcinomas. Studies in mouse models have shown that K17 expression is positively associated with growth, survival, and inflammation in skin and that lack of K17 delays onset of tumorigenesis. K17 occurs in the nucleus of human and mouse tumor keratinocytes where it impacts chromatin architecture, gene expression, and cell proliferation. We report here that K17 is induced following DNA damage and promotes keratinocyte survival. The presence of nuclear K17 is required at an early stage of the double-stranded break (DSB) arm of the DNA damage and repair (DDR) cascade, consistent with its ability to associate with key DDR effectors, including γ-H2A.X, 53BP1, and DNA-PKcs. Mice lacking K17 or with attenuated K17 nuclear import showed curtailed initiation in a two-step skin carcinogenesis paradigm. The impact of nuclear-localized K17 on DDR and cell survival provides a basis for the link between K17 induction and poor clinical outcomes for several human carcinomas.


This paper presents the application of a suitable control strategy for multibus microgrid applications. The control strategy, used with each distributed generation system in the microgrid is developed so as to combine the advantages of the current control and the voltage control strategies. The performance of the proposed application in terms of power management has been verified in simulation on a microgrid test.


Acadesine (AICA‐riboside) is a purine nucleoside analog with anti‐ischemic properties that is currently being studied (Phase 3) for the prevention of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. The safety, tolerance, and pharmacokinetics of the drug have previously been reported in this journal (J Clin Pharmacol 1991;31:342–347). Recently, the authors studied the disposition and metabolism of acadesine in healthy males (n = 4) after a 15‐minute intravenous infusion of 25 mg/kg of 2‐14C‐acadesine. The postinfusion total 14C concentrations in plasma declined in a multiexponential manner, and the terminal phase had an apparent t1/2 of about 1 week. Intact acadesine was only measurable for 2 hours after infusion. Total plasma clearance was 2.2 ± 0.2 L/hour/kg, the acadesine blood/plasma ratio was unity, and plasma protein binding was negligible (∼1%). Uric acid, the end product of purine metabolism in humans, was the major metabolite of acadesine in plasma and accounted for all of the total plasma 14C at 6 hours after infusion. In whole blood, acadesine 5′‐monophosphate was present in the red blood cells, and the nucleotide represented 30% of the total blood 14C at the end of the infusion. The nucleotide was confined to the RBCs and was not present in plasma. Urine and fecal recoveries over 2 weeks accounted for 48% of the total 14C dose, with 44% excreted in urine and 4% in feces. Only 5% of the dose was excreted in urine as intact acadesine. Uric acid was the major metabolite in urine together with small amounts of hypoxanthine. There was no evidence of conjugation of acadesine or its metabolites with glucuronic acid. Our study indicates that acadesine is metabolized to uric acid through normal purine pathways. Acadesine metabolites also enter the endogenous purine pools and are distributed throughout the body.


To solve the problem numerically, an algorithm based on a combination of two methods is developed. The melt-solid interface is determined by applying a standard approach involving smeared coefficients. The motion of the melt in a time-varying domain is computed by the fictitious-domains method. To determine the melt-gas free surface, a novel approach taking into account the specific formulation of the free-surface boundary conditions is proposed. The results obtained by solving model problems are presented.


AbstractThe current study is aimed to determine if Turkish IT pre-service teachers' acceptance of tablet PCs is within the framework of the Technology Acceptance Model. The research was patterned as a phenomenological study which is among the qualitative research methods. Participants were eight pre-service teachers studying in Trakya University, Faculty of Education, Computer Education and Instructional Technologies Department during the 2011-2012 academic year. A semi-structured interview, an activity list for tablet PCs, the students' reflective journal and the researcher's reflective journal were used to collect the data. Research data were analyzed via content analysis. Findings showed that IT pre-service teachers have technology acceptance towards tablet PCs which in turn directs in a positive way their attitude and behavioral intention to use. Nonetheless, various challenges concerning the hardware, software and communication may have negative effects on IT pre-service teachers' technology acceptance of tablet PC.Key WordsMobile Learning, Reflective Journal Writing, Tablet PC, Teacher Education, Technology Acceptance, Technology Integration.The use of a tablet PC as an innovative tool in teaching-learning processes has become increasingly widespread on the university level. Liaw, Hatala, and Huang (2010) report that the fast spread of the tablet PC and relevant technologies parallel to the rise in internet access options has altered the nature of higher education thoroughly. A set of studies focusing on the use of the tablet PC in the university has shown that such technologies have contributed positively to teaching-learning processes (Dickerson, Williams, & Browning, 2009; El-Gayar, Moran, & Hawkes, 2011; Li, Pow, Wong, & Fung, 2010; Steinweg, Williams, & Stapleton, 2010). On one hand, Dickerson, Williams, and Browning (2009) describe learners of the modern age as advanced technology users. On the other hand, tablet PCs are a totally new concept for a majority of these users since they lack adequate experience with tablet PCs that they do not personally own. Based on this fact, Kyu (2011) claims that to promote this new technological tool- tablet PCs- a certain length of time should be spent to enable not only wider manufacturing of this electronic material but also to become familiarized with this new technology. Additionally, because of the high cost of their technical features and the limited software options that are available to many fields and learning levels, the use of tablet PCs in instructional processes is rather ambiguous regardless of its positive expectations. Despite the fact that this ambiguity seems to stem from administrative, financial, technical assistance and substructure factors; the attitudes, skills, perceptions and expectations of pre-service teachers towards the use of tablet PCs as an innovative technology for both personal and instructional purposes have a leading characteristic that encircles and governs all the other parameters. El-Gayar et al. (2011) state that despite the presence of some studies investigating the use of the tablet PC in education, the number of literary studies focusing on general student acceptance is limited. Kukulska-Hulme and Shield (2008) report that the quantity of researchers investigating the use of mobile tools supporting pedagogical approaches is rather low. It is also emphasized that regardless of being an emerging and interesting technology, the number of studies underscoring the use and efficacy of tablet PCs in education is below expectations (El- Gayar et al., 2011; Kukulska-Hulme & Shield, 2008; Kyu, 2011; Steinweg, Williams, & Stapleton, 2010).Parallel to the limited number of studies in relevant international literature, the practices and researches related to the use of tablet PCs for instructional purposes in Turkey are still in the start-up phase. In particular, with the implementation of the FATIH Project (Movement of Enhancing Opportunities and Improving Technology, abbreviated as FATIH), which is aimed towards generalizing the use of instructional technologies such as tablet PCs and smart boards in Turkish elementary and secondary educational institutions, there has been a recent climb in studies investigating the use of tablet PCs for instructional processes throughout Turkey. …


While carbon loss from plant litter is well understood, the mechanisms by which this carbon is sequestered in the decomposing litter substrate remains unclear. Here we assessed humus accumulations in five foliar litters during four years of decomposition and their responses to reduced snow cover in an alpine forest. In contrast to the traditional understanding (i.e., the three-stage model), we found that fresh litter had a high humus content (8–13% across species), which consistently increased during litter decomposition and such an increase primarily depended on the accumulation of humic acid. Further, reduced snow cover decreased humus accumulation at early stages but increased it at late stages. These results suggested that humification simultaneously occurred with decomposition during early litter decay, but this process was more sensitive to the changing climate in seasonally snow-covered ecosystems, as previously expected.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the issue of school-based management (SBM) in elementary schools in the Arab education system in Israel, comparing schools experienced in SBM, schools beginning to use SBM and schools that do not use SBM. Design/methodology/approach – A quantitative research used a structured questionnaire to gather responses from 214 teachers from ten Arab schools in Israel, 70 from schools that do not practice SBM, 64 from schools beginning to use SBM and 80 from schools defined as experienced in the use of SBM. The questionnaire included six parts. Findings – Findings indicated that perceived improvements in pedagogy, organizational structure and participation in decision making were strikingly evident in schools with experience of SBM, more than in the two other types of school. Contrastingly, perceived improvements in budget management were more evident in schools beginning to use SBM. It was also found that teachers teaching in schools with experience in SBM repo...


The complex phenomenon that mergers and acquisitions (M&As) represent has attracted substantial interest from a variety of management disciplines over the past 30 years. Three primary streams of enquiry can be identified within the strategic and behavioural literature which focus on the issues of strategic fit, organizational fit and the acquisition process itself. The recent achievements within each of these research streams are briefly reviewed. However, in parallel to these research advances, the failure rates of mergers and acquisitions have remained consistently high. Possible reasons for this dichotomy are discussed, which in turn highlight the significant opportunities that remain for future M&A research. 30 YEARS OF MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS RESEARCH: RECENT ADVANCES AND FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES Introduction Mergers and acquisitions continue to be a highly popular form of corporate development. In 2004, 30,000 acquisitions were completed globally, equivalent to one transaction every 18 minutes. The total value of these acquisitions was $1,900 billion, exceeding the GDP of several large countries. However, in a paradox to their popularity, acquisitions appear to provide at best a mixed performance to the broad range of stakeholders involved. While target firm shareholders generally enjoy positive short-term returns, investors in bidding firms frequently experience share price underperformance in the months following acquisition, with negligible overall wealth gains for portfolio holders (Agrawal and Jaffe, 2000). Internally managers of acquiring firms report that only 56% of their acquisitions can be considered successful against the original objectives set for them (Schoenberg, in press). Meanwhile, target firm executives experience considerable acculturative stress and, on average, almost 70% depart in the five years following completion (Krug and Aguilera, 2005). The complex phenomenon which mergers and acquisitions represent has attracted the interest and research attention of a broad range of management disciplines encompassing the financial, strategic, behavioural, operational and cross-cultural aspects of this challenging and high risk activity. While in recent years research into the human and psychological aspects of 1 The terms merger and acquisition are used interchangeably in this paper. M&A have increased in prominence, the M&A literature continues to be dominated by financial and market studies, with a high concentration of interest in the USA and UK (Cartwright, 2005). Our initial aim in compiling this Special Issue was to reflect the multi-disciplinary nature of M&A, consistent with the scope of the British Journal of Management, and to bring together a collection of high quality papers which captured a range of different perspectives and modes of inquiry. As we discuss below, M&A research has tended to develop along discipline-based lines and this has brought detailed insights into a number of important aspects. However, it is arguable that this specialization has been at the cost of developing a more holistic understanding of what determines their performance and what consequences they bring. The papers for this issue arose from two routes. A symposium linked to the Special Issue was held at the 2004 British Academy of Management Annual Conference in St Andrews. The symposium featured six contributions, selected for their diversity of perspectives and methodologies, which were subsequently entered into the review process for this volume. These papers were supplemented by submissions made directly in response to the Call for Papers that appeared in Volume 15 of the British Journal of Management. We were extremely encouraged by the high level of submissions received, particularly the number of papers emanating from mainland Europe and Australasia. In total 34 submissions were received, representing 15 countries. Following a rigorous review process involving many of the leading scholars in the field, we are delighted with the contributions which form this issue. Our thanks go to the many reviewers who provided detailed, constructive and timely comments on the manuscripts. We are also grateful to all the authors who submitted their work and contributed to the quality of the Special Issue. The final selection was difficult and was based on the individual quality of the submission, irrespective of the discipline from which it emanated. Consequently, there is a rather stronger focus on integration and integration process variables than the more traditional perspectives on M&A activity. This, we consider, is an encouraging reflection on the advances in M&A research that are currently taking place. Recent Advances and Contributions As M&A research has developed largely along disciplinary lines, finance scholars have primarily focused on the issue of whether acquisitions are wealth creating or wealth reducing events for shareholders. The weight of evidence shows that while takeovers unambiguously bring positive short-term returns for shareholders of target firms, the long-run benefit to investors in acquiring firms is more questionable. Agrawal and Jaffe's (2000) comprehensive review of this literature suggests that in aggregate the abnormal returns accruing to acquiring firms in the years following an acquisition are negative or, at best, not statistically different from zero. Importantly, these studies also highlight the wide variation in acquisition performance at the firm level. Approximately 35-45% of acquirers do achieve positive returns in the two to three year period following acquisition, with reported standard deviations in the order of 10% around the mean return (e.g. Conn et al., 2001). The desire to understand the antecedents of this variance lies at the heart of much M&A research and is the subject of the first article in this issue. In this article, Sudarsanam and Mahate (2006) consider the mood of the bid and investigate the effect of bidder type i.e. friendly, hostile, white knight, multiple hostile, on the long-term performance of over 500 UK takeovers by examining shareholder returns at various points over a three year period. Despite the negative press they tend to receive, the authors argue that their findings show that single hostile bids deliver higher financial returns than friendly, white knight or multiple hostile bidders. The paper is also interesting in that it begins to straddle the traditional domains of finance and strategic management by including in the analysis a number of firm specific variables relating to corporate governance structures and top management turnover. The main focus of the strategic management research in the M&A field has been on the identification of strategic and process factors that may explain the performance variance between individual acquisitions. The 'strategic fit' literature has been concerned with the link between performance and the strategic attributes of the combining firms, in particular the extent to which a target company's business should be related to that of the acquirer. While little consensus has emerged from this work (King et al., 2004; Seth, 1990), recent extensions to this perspective have provided detailed insights into value creation mechanisms within acquisitions based on resource sharing (e.g. Capron and Piste, 2002) and knowledge transfer (e.g. Ahuja and Katila, 2001). However, explanations of M&A underperformance cannot be sufficiently accounted for by the "goodness of the strategic fit" alone without account being taken of the wider integration process. The 'process' literature focuses on the important role that the choice of integration strategy and acquisition process itself can play. Both strategy and organizational behaviour scholars highlight that inappropriate decision-making, negotiation and integration processes can lead to inferior acquisition outcomes. A key contribution of this approach has been the provision of contingency frameworks for the form of post acquisition integration (Cartwright and Cooper, 1996; Haspeslagh and Jemison, 1991) and an understanding of how different integration approaches may impact the ultimate outcome of a union (e.g. Child, Pitkethy and Faulkner, 1999; Schweiger and Very, 2003). Contemporary work from this perspective is also developing our knowledge of how organizations can learn from their prior acquisition experiences. Organizational learning appears to be mixed in the M&A context (Haleblian and Finkelstein, 1999) with the nature, variety and performance of prior experiences playing an important role (Hayward, 2002). An emergent and growing field of enquiry has been directed at the cultural dynamics of M&As and the emotional and behavioural response of the employees involved. This literature, with its diverse origins in the psychology, organizational behaviour and human resource management disciplines has sought to explain M&A underperformance in terms of the cumulative dysfunctional impact the event itself, its associated uncertainty and the subsequent process of integration have on individual organizational members. Within this literature, poor culture-fit or lack of cultural compatibility have become much cited, if rather poorly defined, reasons for M&A failure. The relationship between culture and performance continues to intrigue and confuse researchers as studies examining this link in relation to domestic and international M&As have produced rather mixed, and often contradictory results (Cartwright, 2005; Schoenberg, 2000). In their conceptual article Teerikangas and Very (2006) attempt to disentangle some of the issues which may shed light on the current inconsistent research evidence and offer advice for future research, particularly the importance of more longitudinal studies. According to Gertsen and Soderberg (1998), in M&A situations, the discourse around cultural differences is a vehicle by which employee groups assert the distinctiveness of their social ident


Abstract: The Increase in Study Results Students with Flipped classroom Model On the theme of 8 fourth grade of State Elementary Schools (SDN) 2 Karangbener Bae Kudus the school year 2020/2021. The general objective of this research is to provide a new innovation in learning activities that can improve student learning outcomes in elementary schools. The specific purpose of this study was to find out the improvement of learning outcomes in Theme 8 My Living Area using the Flipped Classroom model for fourth grade students at SD 2 Karangbener. The research subjects were the fourth grade students of SD 2 Karangbener, Bae District, Kudus Regency, totaling 13 students. Sources of data come from teachers and students. Data collection techniques with observation and tests. The results showed that the Flipped classroom model can improve student learning outcomes. Improved student learning outcomes can be from the results of the assessment carried out at the end of each cycle I, cycle II and cycle III. In the first cycle, there were 8 students who finished studying and 5 students did not finish learning. The percentage of classical learning completeness in the first cycle is 61.54% with an average value of 70.62. In cycle II, there were 10 students who had completed their studies and only 3 students who did not complete their studies. The percentage of classical learning completeness in the second cycle is 76.92% with an average grade of 77.92. Meanwhile, in the third cycle, there were 11 students who finished studying and only 2 students who did not complete their studies. The percentage of classical learning completeness in the third cycle is 84.62% with an average grade of 81.54Keyword : Study Results, Flipped classroom Model.Abstrak: Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa melalui Model Flipped classroom Pada Tema 8 Kelas IV SD 2 Karangbener Bae Kudus Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021. Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah memberikan suatu inovasi baru dalam kegiatan pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa disekolah dasar. Tujuan khusus penelitian ini mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar Tema 8 Daerah Tempat Tinggalku menggunakan model Flipped Classroom pada siswa kelas IV di SD 2 Karangbener. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam 3 siklus. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas IV SD 2 Karangbener Kecamatan Bae Kabupaten Kudus yang berjumlah 13 siswa. Sumber data berasal dari guru dan siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan observasi dan tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model Flipped classroom dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dapat dari hasil penilaian yang dilaksanakan pada akhir setiap siklus I, siklus II dan siklus III. Pada siklus I terdapat 8 siswa yang tuntas belajar dan 5 siswa tidak tuntas belajar. Persentase ketuntasan belajar klasikal pada siklus I yakni 61,54% dengan nilai rata-rata yakni 70,62. Pada siklus II terdapat 10 siswa yang tuntas belajar dan hanya 3 siswa yang tidak tuntas belajar. Persentase ketuntasan belajar klasikal pada siklus II yakni 76,92% dengan nilai rata-rata kelas yakni 77,92. Sedangkan pada siklus III terdapat 11 siswa yang tuntas belajar dan hanya 2 siswa yang tidak tuntas belajar. Persentase ketuntasan belajar klasikal pada siklus III yakni 84,62% dengan nilai rata-rata kelas yakni 81,54Kata kunci: Hasil Belajar, Model Flipped Classroom.


Machines and beam like structures used in various industries require continuous monitoring for the fault identification for ensuring uninterrupted service. Different non-destructive techniques (NDT) are generally used for this purpose, but they are costly and time consuming. Vibration based methods can be useful to detect cracks in structures using various artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. The modal parameters from the dynamic response of the structure are used for the purpose. In the current analysis, the vibration characteristics of a glass fiber reinforced composite cracked cantilever beam having different crack locations and depths have been studied. Numerical and finite element methods have been used to extract the diagnostic indices (natural frequencies, mode shapes) from cracked and intact beam structure. An intelligent Genetic Algorithm (GA) based controller has been designed to automate the fault identification and location process. Single point crossover and in some cases mutation procedure have been followed to find out the optimal solution from the search space. The controller has been trained in offline mode using the simulation and experimental results (initial data pool) under various healthy and faulty conditions of the structure. The outcome from the developed controller shows that the system could not only detect the cracks but also predict their locations and severities. Good agreement between the simulation, experimental and GA controller results confirms the effectiveness of the proposed controller.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


Assembly processes involve a large number of operations and uncertain factors, which makes the random deviation of assembly quality. How to quantifiably evaluate the final assembly quality remains a question. This paper presents a new methodology to fulfill the task. Based on the analysis of the factors influencing assembly quality of missile cabin, assembly quality model is formulated to establish the relationship between the assembly status and quality loss. Then the transfer matrix of assembly process is built by the functions of quality loss for the missile cabin in terms of Markov chain. Finally, a case study of the assembly process of missile cabin has been used to support and validate the proposed model.


With the continuous development of science and technology, we have completely entered the information age. The amount of data around us increases linearly, and everyone lives in a pile of data. Enterprises also need to use big data technology in the process of operation and management to mine data and realize various data management functions. For the current enterprise, the operation of data will not only affect the management cost of the enterprise but also affect the future development of the enterprise. Based on the problem of enterprise management cost, this paper proposes to effectively use big data technology to solve the problem of enterprise cost management. The article also uses big data technology to optimize the management cost of the enterprise and uses big data technology to innovate and apply the management method of the enterprise. This paper constructs a cost management model based on data mining and expounds on the objects, sources, and calculation methods of data mining. Under this model, the company's data was mined, a specific plan was proposed, and an improved association algorithm was proposed to test the completion and consolidation of tasks. In the case of a large number of tasks, in order to efficiently realize the selection and merging of data, this paper proposes a new cost forecasting scheme based on a fuzzy model. Use time series for cost forecasting, and the accuracy is relatively high. In the process of forecasting, our forecasting method is suitable for the human reasoning process and can have better adaptability. Finally, we applied the research results of the thesis to actual business management to meet the management needs of the business, thus verifying the feasibility of the method proposed in this article.


Basic principles of formation in Government Environmental Policy are researched in the article. Mechanism of management of Environmental, directions and Instruments for solving the problems of Ecological development are defined.


Atomic layer deposition has been employed to grow nanowires composed of ZnSe/CdSe superlattices. Growth of the nanowires was initiated using gold nanoparticles and the vapor-liquid-solid mechanism. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy shows that these structures are single crystals and the phase of alternating layers of ZnSe and CdSe is zinc blende. The (111) planes of ZnSe and CdSe are oriented at 60°.


The authors reported 30 cases of paranasal sinus mycosis treated at Uwajima Municipal Hospital between 1989 and 1994. These 30 patients (7 males and 23 females) ranged in age from 34 to 74 years old with a mean of 55.2. The most common chief complaint was rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction and cheek pain. The disease was unilateral in 29 cases and bilateral in one case. The original lesion of the mycosis was the maxillary sinus in 29 cases and the frontal sinus in one case. In 25 cases, high density areas similar to calcification were seen in the maxillary sinus and in 11 cases, bone destruction was detected in the medial wall of the maxillary sinus by CT scan. A diagnosis of mycosis was mainly confirmed by pathological examination. In one case, the authors found actinomycosis, while the remaining cases showed aspergillus. Surgical procedures were performed in all cases. Of 30 cases, 22 were treated by Caldwell-Luc's procedure, 7 cases by endoscopic endonasal sinus surgery and one case by Killian's technique and craniosurgery, respectively. Prognosis was good in all cases.


This work was supported by the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland (T.O.) and by the EPSRC GG-Top Project and the Cruickshank Trust (C.W.).


Field trial was conducted to ascertain the population dynamics of B. tabaci on tomato crop variety Avinash 2 at Vegetable Research Farm of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), Bihar during Rabi season of 2016-17. Population count of the B. tabaci was made at five days interval from starting from 30 days after transplanting. Peak population (42.4 per three leaves) of whitefly was observed on 70 day after transplanting. Temperature (max. and min.) and sunshine (hrs) had a negative significant correlation, while morning and evening relative humidity had a positive significant correlation but wind speed had nonsignificant positive correlation. The correlation coefficient (r) was computed for max. temperature (-0.481), min. temperature (-0.483), morning relative humidity (0.514), evening relative humidity (0.483), wind speed (0.007) and sunshine hrs (-0.641), respectively. The weather parameters were found to contribute around 55.70 per cent impact on population of Bemisia tabaci when acted together (R = 0.5570).