An important component of this corridor study is the identification of the process used to develop potential alternate alignments to US 93 for potential forwarding into the screening process. The identification of potential alignments was based on analysis results of the Quantm Alignment Planning System (i.e., Quantm) route optimization software, as well as the assessment of potential alignments contained in the 1996 US 93‐Evaro to Polson FEIS. General corridors were identified based on input from local government, the community, and resource agencies. The identification of alternate alignments is necessary to determine which alignments are most relevant to carry forward into the screening process and determine whether a single, feasible alternate alignment is possible. Although a No Build option was not considered in the screening process, during a NEPA/MEPA environmental review, a No Build option is carried forward in order to provide a baseline by which the other alternatives are evaluated. Since an EIS was previously prepared for US 93 in the Polson area with no conclusion on this section of US 93, it was necessary to evaluate the EIS alignments in this identification process. Additionally, because the Quantm route optimization software was available to the study team, it was decided that any new routes generated by Quantm should also be explored. In order to generate new alignments, minimum geometric design criteria for the roadway must be known. Since the corridor study area incorporates both urban and rural land, MDT's Road Design Manual criteria for rural principal arterials and urban principal arterials were utilized. The minimum geometric design criteria listed in Table 2.2 were used for alignment identification. Portions of the roadway (whether existing or proposed) falling within the Polson city limits were categorized as " urban " , while portions outside of the Polson city limits were categorized as " rural ". In some cases, minimum design criteria cannot be achieved. In these circumstances, design exceptions need to be sought and accepted by MDT's roadway design staff. For alignment identification purposes, the need for design exceptions is not explicitly addressed in this corridor study. The existing US 93 does have vertical roadway grade design exceptions on Polson Hill, as the vertical grades in both directions are over the MDT design criteria of 4 percent for a rural principal arterial. The primary objective in gathering data was to identify potential constraints within the study area that could inhibit the development of …


In July 2008, Stylosanthes guianensis with witches'-broom symptoms and Stylosanthes capitata with yellows symptoms were observed in Hainan Province, China. From the symptomatic S. guianensis, the phytoplasma-specific 16S rRNA gene fragment of 1.4 kb was amplified by a direct PCR, and a fragment of 16S rRNA gene of 1.2 kb was obtained from the symptomatic Stylosanthes capitata by a nested PCR. Sequencing results and NCBI BLASTn analysis showed that the two phytoplasmas belonged to group 16SrII. Polygenetic analysis and virtual RFLP classified the two phytoplasmas into subgroup 16SrII-A.


The increasing demand for new energy sources has promoted the improvement of the energy storage capacity of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) that urged the development of higher energy density cathode materials. The enhancement of the classical cathode in the last 30 years has reached a bottleneck, and then the discovery of the lithium‐excess disordered materials has greatly expanded the research space of the cathode materials. Compared with the conventional layered oxides, the lithium‐excess disordered rock‐salt oxides (LEDRXs) with a more stable structure has higher extractable Li+ content, even though the inactive high‐valent transition metals (TMs) were needed to compensate for the excess Li, which would reduce the total TM redox content. In addition, oxygen redox provides additional electron capacity for the materials, which also causes O loss and results in the subsequent poor cycle performance. Herein, a series of studies about LEDRXs and their targeted modification measures are summarized, including the prospect of the materials, in order to provide ideas for the design of high‐performance LEDRXs. Finally, the new discoveries and outlook on future research directions of LEDRX cathode materials for LIBs with higher energy density are given.


Many people with severe mental illness (SMI) have siblings. In the United Kingdom, over 80% of the general population has at least one sibling (Smith, Fadden, & O'Shea, 2009). The sibling relationship often outlives other relationships, including marriages and parenthood (Sin, Moone, Harris, Scully, & Wellman, 2012). Siblings are often natural agents to promote service users' recovery but are also vulnerable to mental ill health due to the negative impact of psychosis within the family (Sin et al., 2012). Current research into siblings' experiences and needs suggest that they often do not regard themselves as carers and are rarely involved with statutory health or social services, unlike their parents who often act as the primary carers (Sin et al., 2012; Smith et al., 2009). Nonetheless, siblings' experiences of subjective and objective burden of caring may be similar to that of the primary carers (Magliano et al., 1999). Despite research evidence supporting the effectiveness of psychoeducation for service users with SMI and their family members, in reducing relapse and promoting compliance with treatment, siblings remain relatively invisible in clinical service settings as well as in research studies. Psychoeducational interventions targeting siblings and improving siblings' knowledge, coping with caring and overall wellbeing, could potentially provide a cost-effective option for supporting siblings with benefits for service users' outcomes. The provision of health care that is evidence based and clinically effective is central to health policy and nursing practice. Ongoing efforts to improve mental health services have identified the need for mental health nurses to include psychological treatments into their practice (e.g. Department of Health, 2006).


and appears to be kinetically controlled by dissolution of barite. The concentration of aqueous iron increases from c. 10-15 mg/L at 60°C to c. 35 mg/L at 120°C and appears to be controlled by ankerite dissolution and calcite precipitation. Neither the dissolution of barite nor ankerite is expected to damage the formation, as these are present as cementing phases between framework grains in very small amounts in the reservoir. In conclusion, the results of this study show that the dissolution/precipitation processes that may potentially be induced by storage of heated formation water with temperatures up to 120°C in the Gassum Formation in the Aalborg area are not likely to damage the reservoir and that heat storage in this reservoir may be possible provided operational precautions are taken.


Following work is dedicated to a property of the entire lexical system of the language. The phenomenon of lacunae is associated with the systemic nature of language, which is expressed and conditioned by the nonverbal nature of our thinking, as well as the whole variety of mental forms of reflection of reality, and the fundamental difference between thinking and language processes. The intra-linguistic lacunae as a linguistic phenomenon, analyzes various types of intra lingual lacunae in the lexical system of the Uzbek language. Special attention is paid to the study of systemic (potential) lacunae as to the largest group. The problem of lacunae is directly related to the listed areas of current scientific interest. In addition, the characteristic manifestations associated with the functioning of a particular idiom are particularly pronounced in comparison with the system of another idiom.


Entropy method was used to evaluate diversified investment projects in tobacco industry with special reference to its unique characteristics.Customary practices in determining weight of each evaluating indicator was changed by subjective assessment.An appraisal model on investment of diversified projects was established.Reasonable and fair order of diversified asset quality was obtained,which can provide technical support for managing diversified investment.


In order to meet the current water resource management automation and remote monitoring needs, a GPRS-based real-time management system is designed, which includes terminal subsystem, master station subsystem and communication service subsystem. The terminal subsystem is developed based on STM32F103X microprocessor and GPRS network. The GPRS module of MC55 is used to realize the remote wireless data transmission between terminal and GPRS network, and on this basis to achieve a wide range of water resource management monitoring. The Software of the management system is based on Windows platform, the operational parameters and real-time water-quality data are acquired and processed for statistics, analysis, curves and classification under the SQL2Server + VC++ environment. The designed system meets the requirements of strong real-time performance, networkization and intelligentization.


This paper presents the design and development of a microwave imaging system for breast cancer detection. A microstrip patch antenna is designed and fabricated for breast cancer imaging. The measurement result of the fabricated patch antenna shows that the operating frequency band of the antenna is from 1.85 GHz to 4.5 GHz and the antenna gain is 3.1 dB throughout the operating band of frequency. Dough and soybean oil-based phantom has been used to mimic the breast phantom tissue. The Dielectric properties of dough and soybean oil have been measured using the coaxial probe method from 1 GHz to 10 GHz. The measured value of the dielectric properties shows the Relative permittivity of dough varies from 31.8-20.8 and conductivity vary from 0.352-6.52 (S/m) and relative permittivity of soybean oil vary from 2.75-2.53 and conductivity vary from 0.004-0.024 (S/m) from frequency range of 1 to 10 GHz. A microwave imaging setup is established to detect the presence of the tumor. We have focused to identify the presence of tumor in breast phantom with the soybean oil and dough-based phantom.it is found that the antenna has capability to detect the presence of tumor inside the breast phantom.


PURPOSE: To project a practically flat image area having no aberration on a flat plane by compensating the image area curve of one optical subsystem from the other optical subsystem. CONSTITUTION: For example, an object 6 of a photograph process mask is projected as a curved image 10 by an optical subsystem 8. Then, this curved image 10 is inputted to an optical subsystem 12 and projected on a semiconductor chip board 16, for example, as a practically planar and practically non- aberration real image 14. During this projection, the odd aberration is individually corrected by the respective optical subsystems 8 and 12 and the even aberration and the image area curve are compensated between both the subsystems 8 and 12. Besides, many openings can be provided over the wide area. COPYRIGHT: (C)1992,JPO


The Arkansas Ozarks are currently experiencing an outbreak of the red oak borer (Enaphalodes rufulus), a native insect that has previously not been considered an important forest pest species. As many as 50 percent of the trees in the Ozarks, which has the highest density of oaks in the United States, may be dead by the year 2006. The Ozarks are generally believed to be a source region for Neotropical migratory birds, compared to fragmented areas to the east and north, but that could change very rapidly with the elimination of oaks. The potential impact on migratory breeding birds was assessed, first, by reviewing the impact on birds of other tree species eliminations that have occurred in the eastern United States (American chestnut [Castanea dentate], American elm [Ulmus americana], American beech [Fagus grandifolia], and Frazer [Abies fraseri] and Eastern [A. canadensis] firs). Those results were incorporated into our studies on migratory breeding birds in the Arkansas Ozarks. Populations of 11 of 20 migratory species are predicted to decline, and some species, such as the Cerulean Warbler (Dendroica cerula), may be extirpated. Only five forest species are predicted to increase, but at least five early successional species (e.g. Indigo Bunting [Passerina cyanea], Yellow-breasted Chat [Icteria virens]), which are currently absent from upland hardwood forests, should increase with the development of a scrub layer as the canopy opens. Thus, the red oak borer infestation has the potential to greatly alter the composition of the avifauna of the Ozarks, which may have farreaching implications for many species of neotropical migratory birds.


The digital games market has been one of the fastest-growing sectors in the world. In this competitive scenario, the game industry has been betting on developing standards quite unethical, which bears some degree of risk for players. Known as 'Dark Patterns', these patterns lead the user to a kind of negative experience, such as addiction and lack of will. In this paper, we discuss the conceptualization of an alternative to the Dark Patterns, which we called 'Radiant Game Design Patterns'. They seek, initially, to oppose the Dark Pattern, offering game designers an alternative to lead the players to a state of well-being, satisfying one or more basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness). We expect our research to contribute to the discussion on ethical practices in game design and motivate future work towards the development of policies to protect players.


This paper discusses the architecture and major components of the single currency monetary system. The monetary system model we consider in the paper is general enough and encompasses models described previously in literature, such as the central bank digital currency, positive money, and sovereign money. We examine the properties of various types of title accounts including fixed balance and variable balance digital title accounts. We conclude the paper by defining a complete set of basic operations such that any monetary operation within the single currency monetary system can be represented as a combination of basic operations from the set.


This study presents primary security concerns for remote intelligent Pharmacy-on-a-Chip (PoC) delivery systems. With recent advances in remote intelligent drug delivery, security threats associated with these systems need to be addressed. This paper examines some possible security threats in Remote Intelligent Drug Delivery Systems (RIDDS) and proposes counter measures. It is proposed that security research in sensor network security can be applied to RIDDS. We raise security concerns in relation to RIDDS, especially in the context of medical sensor networks, because, among other reasons, a failure to do so could risk the privacy and possibly the life of a patient.


We discuss the use of POLYAS, an Internet voting system, in GI elections before 2010, in 2010 and 2011, as well as in future. We briefly describe how the system was extended in 2010 to provide partial verifiability and how the integrity of the GI election result was verified in the 2010 and 2011 elections. Information necessary for partial verifiability has so far only been made available to a small group of researchers. In future it would be ideal to make this, and more information, available to the general public, or to GI members, in order to increase the level of verifiability. We highlight legal considerations accompanying these possibilities, including publishing more details about the election results, the requirement for secret elections and avoiding vote buying, and how to handle complaints. Motivated by legal constraints, we propose further improvements to the POLYAS system. Finally, we generalize our findings to any partially verifiable Internet voting system.


It has been argued that the nature of academic school psychological programmes and the training provided by them are revealed mainly by the informal and often more latent, messages delivered to students. These informal messages indicate the extent to which the programme treats students as partners in a complex learning process who may participate in determining its course or as those who should be informed; they may regard students as developing adults capable of responsible problem solving in the school setting or as those who still have to learn by watching others; and they determine the complementary roles of students and faculty members. We posit that these informal determinants of the training programme determine to a large extent the role definition of school psychology that guides them and is conveyed to the students.


I was intrigued and absorbed by David Orr's examination of optimism versus hope. He skillfully draws us into an enjoyable opportunity to argue about the shifting meanings of American English. Orr favors hope. "Hope is a verb with its sleeves rolled up." I suppose so. But hope is also a verb in night clothes, gazing longingly out the window for somebody to come over and rescue it. Hopeful lives near wistful. Personally, I like being optimistic. Optimism—which Orr describes as "the recognition that odds are in your favor"—also connotes a certain plucky chin-up-ness that defies those odds. "Optimism is an historical duty," Bernard Lown once said. Really, it is just potaytoe versus potahtoe, another occasion for fun with our hypermutable vernacular. The really tough challenge Orr poses is a little deeper into his piece: how to talk to our nonspecialist fellow citizens. Orr was prompted to think about appropriate language after "being admonished recently to give a 'positive' talk." Who among the public-speaking readers of this journal has not been urged to avoid gloom? Who doesn't try to strike a balance between the dismal facts of global change and a desire to engage the audience? As Orr wisely observes, it is hard (and morally dubious) to elaborate on the "total destabilization of the planet" and then pitch 10 easy things to do at home. "Telling truth means the people must be summoned to a level of extraordinary greatness appropriate to an extraordinarily dangerous time," Orr writes. "They will have to see the connections between what they drive and the wars we fight, the stuff they buy and crazy weather, the politicians they elect and the spread of poverty and violence." He concludes: ". . . Authentic hope can be found only in our capacity to discern the truth about our situation and ourselves and summon the fortitude to act accordingly. In time the truth will set us free from illusion, greed, and illwill and self-imposed destruction." I would be happy if the laws of this Republic were written by David Orr and people who see the world as he sees it. I admire their values and could depend on their characters. Their public policies would be generous and far-sighted. But I am wary of "the truth" in general. And I do not believe that an appreciation of a particular set of facts about the relationships between consumer behavior and climate change ratifies the more astonishing assertion that burning oil and coal implies more "violence, inequity, and imperialism" than relying on human and animal muscle power. That is not what I read in human history. I would say that the Petroleum Age has just made the scale of everything bigger: more poverty but more wealth; more disease for some and greater longevity and less suffering for others; more brutality and more erudition; greater eruptions of violence and more regimes of peace and security. It is difficult—to say the least—to persuade the billion bourgeois grandchildren of landless peasants that their family history is embedded in the darker narrative of "the ecological and human violence that we have unleashed in the world." Sure, maybe so, but it has been enjoyable. And way more comfortable. In a way, I am more simpleminded about our human dilemma. I believe that the ecological and social damage wrought by the emission of greenhouse gases will be contained and mitigated when the prices of carbon fuels are considerably more expensive—say four times more expensive—than they are today. Many argue that such a rise is already well under way, and that a fourfold increase in the price of a barrel of oil, adjusted for inflation, will be reached within two decades. I believe that projection grievously underestimates Russian oil reserves and Russian national ambitions, the ingenuity of petroleum geologists and engineers, and the stimulating effect of higher prices on exploration and development. I think humans will burn petroleum at high levels for many years to come and that the conservation of oil in country X will allow country Y to burn more, thanks to an already-integrated global market. And don't forget those centuries' worth of coal seams and tar sands. I am for speaking truth to power. Moral suasion can work. I want David Orr on the hustings, ceaselessly. But nothing matters nearly so much as prices and costs. Those of us whose lives have profited from the Age of Petroleum can best serve our descendents and their planet by speeding the rate of carbon price increases through changes in fiscal public policy. Carbon tax, anyone?


Multicultural education advocates the learning process and their own culture and experience together, advocating respect culture, advocate equality, difference and compensation, to set the multicultural curriculum, enhance the academic achievement of minority students and cultivate multicultural teachers' quality in three aspects as the starting point, the implementation of the education fair. Following the principle of equality, difference and compensation of education equality, its essence is to promote the equality of educational opportunities and provide a new angle of view and new measures for people to realize and implement educational equity. Multiculturalism is the main theme of today's cultural development. It is both an opportunity and a challenge for the core values of the school. The cultivation of school core values under the impact of multi culture has adapted to the requirements of multicultural development, is conducive to re orientation of schools and reshaping the core values of teachers and students. From a multicultural perspective, it is helpful to promote the diversification of school core values from the perspectives of educational philosophy, organizational structure and cultural studies. The smaller scale of tourism enterprises in China, the lack of investment ability of enterprises and the low attention of tourists to the service quality of tourism have affected the development of tourism service innovation in our country.


Objective
To investigate the effect of dual-track parallel intervention on self-management and quality of life in patients with diabetic retinopathy.

Methods
From July 2015 to July 2016, 86 patients with diabetic retinopathy who underwent routine nursing care in our hospital were selected as the control group; from August 2016 to August 2017, 86 patients with diabetic retinopathy who underwent dual-track parallel intervention in our hospital were selected as the observation group. The self-management ability, quality of life, and blood glucose level before and after nursing were compared between the two groups.

Results
After 3 months of nursing, C-DMSES score and SDSCA score in the observation group were (36.03±4.74) and (41.27±5.36), both higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). After 3 months of nursing, the scores of physiological function, role physical, role emotional, energy, body pain, general health, mental health, social function in the observation group were (68.64±6.69), (71.44±6.31), (80.37±5.91), (73.35±4.93), (74.52±6.26), (66.19±4.75), (78.72±5.89), (85.31±6.58), all higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). After 3 months of nursing, the levels of fasting blood glucose, postprandial 2 h glucose, glycated hemoglobin in the observation group were (6.14±1.31) mmol/L, (8.57±2.04) mmol/L, (6.12±0.78)%, all lower than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05).

Conclusion
Dual-track parallel intervention can effectively reduce blood glucose level, improve self-management ability and the quality of life in patients with diabetic retinopathy, worthy of clinical promotion.

Key words:
Dual-track parallel intervention; Diabetic retinopathy; Self-management; Quality of life; Blood glucose


In CMOS technology, the DFT based VLSI Testing becomes more expensive and power consuming; these are the main challenging issues in testing. In this paper, to overcome power issues in scan based testing a hybrid model of testing is presented and the model includes scan masking, scan re-ordering, selective scan cell triggering concepts together in a single roof. The experimental results are presented for ISCAS 89 bench mark circuits.


Abstract : The United States, the European Union, Russia, and the United Nations -- along with Israel and the Palestinian Authority -- all officially support the establishment of an independent Palestinian state. This book summarizes research conducted by the RAND Corporation from September 2002 to September 2004 to develop recommendations about steps that Palestinians, Israel, the United States, and the international community could take to promote the success of a new state if established. The first study identified the requirements for a successful Palestinian state. The study team surveyed a broad array of political, economic, social, resource, and environmental challenges that a new Palestinian state would face. They also estimated the investment required over the first ten years of statehood to help ensure security, build infrastructure, and facilitate the success of the new state. The second study explored options for addressing the housing, transportation, and related infrastructure needs of a burgeoning Palestinian population. The study explicitly considered issues related to potential immigration to a new Palestinian state of a substantial number of diaspora Palestinian refugees. The research team developed initial cost estimates for implementing their recommendations. The cost estimates developed in these studies suggest that the funding necessary to implement RAND's recommendations is within the capacity of combined international resources and private investors. RAND's analyses assume a peace accord, but many of the recommendations in both studies could be implemented constructively prior to Palestinian independence. Readers in search of more information should consult the respective volumes: The RAND Palestinian State Study Team, Building a Successful Palestinian State, The RAND Corporation, MG-146-1-DCR, 2007; and Doug Suisman, et al. , The Arc: A Formal Structure for a Palestinian State, RAND Corporation, MG-327-1-GG, 2007.


"Christianity is best understood when it is viewed at its intersections. … Because the Christian gospel of salvation is universal, it must necessarily cross national and cultural boundaries and unite different people under a common identity. Thus, Christian proclamation constantly initiates a new mixing—a new mestizaje."


Summary

1. Six cases of ulcerative colitis treated by ileostomy and primary proctocolectomy are reviewed.

(a)Two cases showed chronic ulcerative colitis, complicated by stricture formation. In one, the stricture was malignant.

(b)Two cases showed a sub-acute or chronic relapsing ulcerative colitis. In both, the history was long, and in both radiological studies at intervals showed proximal spread of the disease.

(c)Two cases showed an acute or fulminating ulcerative colitis. The history was short, and the patients gravely ill at the time of surgical intervention.


Two nondestructive and complementary spectral methods as infrared and Raman spectroscopies have been used for characterizations of poly(propylene amine) dendrimers comprising 1,8-naphthalimide units in the dendrimer periphery and their metal complexes with Cu2


The fractal degree of adsorption on the multi-walled carbon nanotube has been investigated. The fractal-like Langmuir kinetics model has been used to obtain the fractal degree of ion adsorption on multi-walled carbon nanotube. The behavior of the fractal-like kinetics equation was compared with some famous rate equations like Langmuir, pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equations. It is shown that the kinetic of adsorption onto multi-walled carbon nanotube can be used to obtain its spectral dimension, successfully.


Introduction: The human serum paraoxonase 1 (EC. 22.214.171.124, PON1) is a high-density lipoprotein associated endogenous free-radical scavenging system with arylesterase (ARase), lactonase (LOase) and paraoxonase (POase) activities [1]. PON1 has been linked to several pathological conditions, such as atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders [1]. Additionally, it acts as a protective agent against xenobiotic toxicity, through its ability to hydrolyse organophosphate derivates [1]. Therefore, the monitorization of each PON1 activity is of great interest in clinical, environmental and warfare contexts. Electrochemical-based sensing methods are ideal for PON1 activity assessment since many of the involved reactants are electroactive. Furthermore, these methods are highly attractive for point-of-care testing applications and on-site analysis, due to their simplicity, low-cost, sensitivity, selectivity and a high degree of miniaturization. Previously, we reported a cyclic voltammetry assay for POase activity determination using ethyl-paraoxon as substrate [2]. We now turn to the LOase and AREase activities, using homocysteine thiolactone (HcyTl) and phenylacetate (PA) as the respective substrates [3,4], for the appraisal of PON1 status by voltammetric techniques. Materials and methods: Recombinant wild-type like PON1 (rePON1) G3C9 was expressed in E. coli BL21 and purified according to [5]. In the electrochemical assays, pyrolytic graphite, glassy carbon and screen-printed carbon electrodes were used as working electrodes in a three-electrode configuration with Ag/AgCl reference and platinum/carbon counter electrodes. Enzymatic reactions were analyzed between the potential window (−0.8; 1 V), at 50 mV s−1. Results: The hydrolysis of HcyTl in the presence of rePON1 (LOase activity) was not observed in any condition tested. In contrast, PA was found to be quickly hydrolysed, as showed by an increase in the oxidation current intensity associated to the product formation (phenol). Discussion and conclusions: These preliminary results show that in wild-type like rePON1 G3C9, the AREase activity is the one with the highest turn-over, since the hydrolysis of the PA occurred almost instantly, while the reaction with ethyl-paraoxon (POase) took a few minutes [2] to produce a measurable current signal variation, and the hydrolysis of HcyTl (LOase) was not measurable at all, over a time course of 18 hours.


The invasive mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) is reported in Israel for the first time. This damaging mealybug was detected in two locations in Northern Israel on various ornamental plants. Its principal parasitoids, Anagyrus kamali Moursi and Gyranusoidea indica Shafee (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), were both recovered from the collected samples. Maconellicoccus hirsutus is highly polyphagous but particularly thrives on members of the plant families Fabaceae, Malvaceae and Moraceae.

La cochenille rose de l'Hibiscus, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae), une nouvelle menace pour l'agriculture et l'horticulture israelienne

La cochenille envahissante, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) est signalee pour la premiere fois en Israel. Cette cochenille est nuisible et, a ete detectee sur diverses plantes ornementales de deux lieux distincts, au nord d'Israel. Ses principaux parasitoides, Anagyrus kamali Moursi et Gyranusoidea indica Shafee (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), ont tous deux ete retrouves dans les echantillons preleves. Maconellicoccus hirsutus est tres polyphage, mais prospere particulierement bien sur les vegetaux de la famille des Fabaceae, Malvaceae et Moraceaes.

Poзoвый гибиcкycoвый чepвeц Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) – нoвaя yгpoзa ceльcкoмy xoзяйcтвy и плoдoвoдcтвy Изpaиля

Инвaзивный мyчниcтый чepвeц Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) впepвыe yкaзывaeтcя для Изpaиля. Этoт вpeдитeль oбнapyжeн в двyx мecтax нa ceвepe Изpaиля нa paзличныx дeкopaтивныx pacтeнияx. Oбa видa eгo ocнoвныx пapaзитoидoв (Anagyrus kamali Moursi и Gyranusoidea indica Shafee (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)) были вывeдeны из coбpaннoгo мaтepиaлa. Maconellicoccus hirsutus являeтcя шиpoким пoлифaгoм, нo пpeдпoчитaeт pacтeния из ceмeйcтв Fabaceae, Malvaceae и Moraceae.


This article describes the construction and evaluation of a mobile application for use by park maintenance personnel that features an interactive map allowing for real time positioning of the user in relation to equipment locations, and the ability to create, view, and edit maintenance logs. The application was evaluated by the Park Services department of the City of Kelowna in Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada. The results of the study demonstrate that numerous tasks, especially locating equipment and logging maintenance, can be more efficient using mobile technology. Further, technicians are receptive to the introduction of technology in their work schedules and find it easy to integrate into their routines. An analysis of the time savings shows that the technology may save technicians 15 to 50 minutes daily which translates to thousands of dollars annually in savings per technician and increased productivity rates.


The Chinese ready-prepared medicine for fracture, injuring and pain is prepared with 10 Chinese-medicinal components such as aconitum brachypodum, phryma leptostachya, giraldi daphne bark, Chinese angelica root, etc. according to a certain wt. compatibility through extracting active components by distillation, reflux, or infiltration processes, and making-up tincture. Its cure rate is 48.66% and total effective rate 96.1%.


On Tuesday 27 October, Renfe will launch a new service between Pontevedra, Vilagarcia de Arousa, Santiago and Madrid and will improve travel times on Alvia Galicia-Madrid trains thanks to the…


In this paper the stress of a parallel wire driven (PWD) manipulator, which is driven by at least n + 1(n is the number of the degrees of freedom of the mechanism) wires, is studied. It is shown that the stress of this kind of manipulator depends not only on its structural parameters including the physical dimensions, the stress of wires and motors and the position and pose of the end effecter but also on the tension of the wires. In what extent the wire tension affects on the manipulating stress is researched theoretically in this paper. Based on the differential motion principle, the stress matrix of the manipulator consisting of structural stress and wire-tension-caused-stress is produced. Then, the stress of the actuating unit consists of the wire stress and the motor stress generated by the control law is analyzed. Those works lead to the conclusion that the stress of the PWD manipulator can be controlled by regulating the control laws or the internal tension of wires.


Why is there a cockatrice in "Sinnes Round"? Swathed in fire, it is the first and least familiar of the three marvels that dominate the poem. If the reader has met the word before, in Spenser, Shakespeare, or Donne, he will be predisposed to accept the identification that commentators like Palmer, Hutchinson, and Patrides suggest: a mythical creature hatched from a cock's egg by a serpent, bearing some resemblance to each of its parents, and thought to kill by its breath or glance. However, there is neither cock's egg nor killing in the poem, and on the whole this description seems inappropriate to the word as Herbert uses it. Conceivably any monster would do, and the cockatrice fulfills its whole function here merely by being suitably monstrous. But in Herbert's work such a strong presence is rarely so loosely justified. Is there something else, or something more, that the word could have meant to him? By a roundabout route "cockatrice," which originally meant "crocodile," entered English in the fourteenth century as a synonym for "basilisk."l That word had already developed two distinct meanings of its own. One is the ancient "basilisk," the venomous king of serpents known to Pliny, Horapollo, and the translators of the Septuagint; the other is a chimerical monster, generated most probably during the twelfth century. As a rule it is the second of these, part rooster and part reptile, that is called the cockatrice. By the early seventeenth century this basilisk/cockatrice had accumulated a number of symbolic valences. The classical serpent-basilisk, because of its upright posture, had been associated by the Fathers of the Church with the serpent of Genesis, and thus in Christian tradition it is treated as an emblem of the devil, or Antichrist, or of sin generally.2 There is also a humanist tradition, however, deriving from the supposedly ancient Horapollo, in which because of its posture and its power over life it represents eternal fame and immortality.3 Both of these early interpretations are infected by the monstrous cock-serpent hybrid imagined in the Middle Ages, but only after the symbolism had been established. These resonances could have been known to Herbert, and I suspect he would have been particularly attracted to a monster emblematical of both the sin and the glory of worldly pride. That ambivalence certainly deserves a place in a reading of "Sinnes Round," where its irony of perspective is echoed in the Babel of the closing stanza. But the apparently incongruous details surrounding the cockatrice at the opening of the poem offer a clue to a more specific reference for the word:


Background: Globally in 2015, 2.6 million stillbirths occurred with estimated stillbirth rate (SBR) of 18.4/1000 births. India is the world capital of stillbirth accounting for 22.6% of world's stillbirths. Objectives: The objective of the study is to study the demographic profile of women experiencing stillbirth, to understand the risk factors for stillbirth in low resource settings, and to find the etiology of stillbirth so as to facilitate designing of a stillbirth prevention strategy. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study done at a tertiary care hospital of Delhi from June 2017 to December 2019. All babies delivered after 20 weeks of gestation showing no sign of life after birth were considered stillborn. Prestructured proforma was filled for each case and data were analyzed. Results: A total of 50,461 births took place during the study period, out of which 1824 were stillborn, making SBR of 36.15/1000 births of our institution. Most of the women belonged to age group 21–25 years and more than 50% of women were illiterate. Twenty-nine percent of women were completely unbooked, 48% were referred from other centers and 23% were registered at our hospital. Placental causes accounted for 22%, hypertension for 23%, and labor complications for 9% of cases while in 22% cases, cause could not be found. Conclusion: Stillbirth remains a neglected issue. A significant proportion of stillbirths are preventable by adequate antenatal care. Notification of stillbirths will give us the exact figures and realization of the seriousness of the problem which will help us work towards the solutions.


The "re‐industrialisation" of America is the dominant topic today. It has come about because the United States economy did not live up to its expectations during the decade of the 1970s. As to what has caused such low economic performance, many speculations have been advanced, such as big government, high taxes, monetary maladjustments, the energy shortages, the high prices of energy, etc. However, one group of economists have attributed the dismal economic performance during the 1970s to the phenomenon of the "long‐wave cycles". This cycle is also called the Kondratieff cycle, and occurs at intervals of forty to sixty years in a socio‐economic system resembling that of capitalism. According to the proponents of this theory since the last part of the eighteenth century, industrial capitalism has exhibited long waves of cyclical fluctuation in income, employment and prices. These economists believe that the "long‐wave cycles" are what have underlined recent United States economic ills.


In June, The Center for Research on Parallel Computation (CRPC), an NSF-funded Science and Technology Center, hosted the 4th Annual Conference for African-American Reserachers in the Mathematical Sciences (CAARMS4) at Rice University. The main goal of this conference was to highlight current work by African-American researchers and graduate students in mathematics. This conference strengthened the mathematical sciences by encouraging the increased participation of African-American and underrepresented groups into the field, facilitating working relationships between them and helping to cultivate their careers. In addition to the talks there was a graduate student poster session and tutorials on topics in mathematics and computer science. These talks, presentations, and discussions brought a broader perspective to the critical issues involving minority participation in mathematics.


Several Governments in Europe startedtheir own Plans of E-Government with the goal of increasing the amount and the quality of the service offered to their customers (citizens, enterprises, profit and no-profit organizations) via the Internet. In such a streamline, this paper presents Public Employment Services in the approach undertaken in the European Employment Information System, through the SEEMP (Single European E-Market Place) Project. The main goals, vision, and technical solutions of the project are presented, with special focus on integration of existing nodes of Employment Support Systems.


Backlight sources created from short pulse lasers are useful probes of high energy density plasmas because of their short duration and brightness. Recent work has shown that the production of Kα radiation can be manipulated by the size and geometry of the targets. Empirical relationships suggest that the electron reflux in the target plays an important role in the heating of these targets to create x‐ray backlight sources.


To seek an reasonable accounting system with both better system performance and plentiful control function,some charge systems and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed.To the gateway system with accounting that is widely used today,packet processing of linux network protocol is analyzed.A kind of packet capture method by linux softirq mechanism is proposed,namely,by re-defined softirq tasklet of processing packet.It takes over the packet processing in the old system,and in the following processing,some needful packet control function is added.A kind of gateway accounting system with both reasonable performance and control is implemented.


Porcine zona pellucida (PZP) immunocontraception was developed to provide a more humane, eff ective, and inexpensive method of population regulation for wildlife species. It has been used to regulate populations of several species including white tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), elk (Cervus elaphus), black bear (Ursus americanus), and the feral horse (Equus ferus caballus) with varying levels of success. Early studies on Assateague Island National Seashore, Maryland, USA, suggested PZP was as an ideal form of fertility control because it reduced the likelihood of conception to <10%, could be delivered remotely, was thought to be reversible, lacked debilitating physiological side eff ects, could not pass through the food chain, and showed minimal eff ects to social behaviors in a closed population of feral horses. However, research on Shackleford Banks, North Carolina, USA and on 3 western populations located in Little Brook Cliff s (Grand Junction, Colorado, USA), McCollough Peaks (east of Cody, Wyoming, USA), and the Pryor Mountains (Lovell, Wyoming, USA) has revealed behavioral and physiological side eff ects of long-term PZP use. When compared to untreated mares (those that have never received treatment), treated mares demonstrated decreased fi delity to the band stallion, increased and prolonged reproductive behavior, and an increased likelihood of extending reproductive cycling into the nonbreeding season. These eff ects were more pronounced in animals receiving more total and/or consecutive contraception treatments and can persist even after several years of treatment cessation. Finally, new data indicate that these changes to previously treated mares can aff ect the behavior and stress physiology of their band stallions, demonstrating the potential for the contraception of individuals to have population-level eff ects. These results are important to consider if we are to achieve both the eff ective management of feral horse populations in addition to the maintenance of their overall health and well-being.


Background Two-component systems (TCS) are essential machineries allowing for efficient signal recognition and transmission in bacterial cells. The majority of TCSs utilized by bacteria are composed by a sensor histidine kinase (HK) and a cognate response regulator (RR). In the present study, we report two newly predicted protein domains — Response_reg_2 (PF19192) and HEF_HK (PF19191) — in bacteria which exhibit high structural similarity, respectively, with typical domains of RRs and HKs. Results Additionally, the genes encoding for the novel predicted domains exhibit a 91.6% linkage observed across 644 genomic regions recovered from 628 different bacterial strains. The remarkable adjacent co-localization between genes carrying Response_reg_2 and HEF_HK in addition to their conserved structural features, which are highly similar to those from well-known HKs and RRs, raises the possibility of Response_reg_2 and HEF_HK integrating a new TCS in bacteria. The genomic regions in which these predicted two-component systems-like are located additionally exhibit an overrepresented presence of restriction-modification (R-M) systems especially the type II R-M. Among these, there is a conspicuous presence of C-5 cytosine-specific DNA methylases which may indicate a functional association with the newly discovered domains. The solid presence of R-M systems and the presence of the GHKL family domain HATPase_c_3 across most of the HEF_HK-containing genes are also indicative that these genes are evolutionarily related to the paraMORC family of ATPases. Conclusions The present study uncovered two novel protein conserved domains and raised the possibility of a TCS-like system undertaking a regulatory role mechanistically linked to R-M systems in a large variety of bacterial lineages.


Abstract : A followup assessment of graduates of Selective Electronics Training (SET) for Data Systems (DS) Technicians was conducted to evaluate the job capabilities and shipboard utilization of six-year obligors (6YO's) in the fleet. The assessment evidence indicates that the 6YO DS Technicians are being appropriately utilized within their specialities in the fleet, and that they are generally competent in performing normally assigned maintenance duties. A period of about six months fleet experience is required, however, before graduate technicians are considered by supervisors to be fully qualified. Despite the general level of job competence, performance evaluations reveal some specific deficiencies in troubleshooting and in the use of test equipments. Suggested training modifications could increase the immediate shipboard utility of graduate technicians and improve their proficiency levels in specific performance areas. (Author)


Background: Autoimmune Thyroid Disease (AITD) is one of the most frequent causes of hypothyroidism in females during the fertile age. The prevalence of hypothyroidism in women in the reproductive age is about 2–3 %. Objectives: Evaluate maternal anti-thyroid AB concentrations and TSH level in cases of recurrent miscarriage. Patients and Methods: 400 female patients divided into two group's .Group A: 200including women with history of early recurrent pregnancy loss. Group B: 200 women with at least 2 living children and without previous recurrent early pregnancy loss. Antithyroglobulin antibodies and anti-thyroid peroxides using chemiluminescence immunoassay (Normal level up to 115 IU/ml and up to 35 IU/ml) and TSH level using chemiluminescence immunoassay (Normal level 0,3502 IU/ml) were assessed. Results: 10.0% and 9% of cases (n=200) and 3.0% and the same 3.0% of control group (n=200) were positive for anti TG antibodies and anti TPO antibodies. There was no statistically significant correlation between levels of anti TG antibodies and anti TPO antibodies and RPL (p= 0.052). 19 % of cases group showed abnormally high TSH level. On the other hand, 14% of control group showed high level TSH. There was no significant relation between recurrent pregnancy loss and abnormal TSH level (P= 0.34). Conclusions: Neither TSH nor anti thyroid antibodies (ATG OR anti TPO) showed significant difference in cases with recurrent miscarriage.


Hypophysectomy of 40-day-old male hamsters kept under long photoperiods resulted in a change in coat color from the brownish summer coat to the whitish winter coat, within 5 wk of the surgery, cessation of growth, and, most frequently, an additional loss in body weight. The testes of the hypophysectomized animals were involuted within 14 days after surgery. Continuous substitution of prolactin by implantation of two anterior pituitaries under the kidney capsule was able to reverse partly or totally the inhibitory effects of hypophysectomy on coat color and body weight, although there was no influence on testicular volume. The same effects could be achieved by daily s.c. injections of prolactin (100 micrograms ovine-PRL/day) into hypophysectomized hamsters, whereas the injection of adrenocorticopropic hormone (5 IU porcine-ACTH/day) or melanocyte-stimulating hormone (35 micrograms synthetic alpha-MSH/day) was ineffective. Additional pinealectomy influenced neither the inhibitory effects of hypophysectomy on coat pigmentation and body weight nor the stimulatory effects of prolactin substitution in hypophysectomized animals. Thus, the study provides evidence that the effects of the pineal gland on annual changes in body weight and coat color are mediated via the pituitary.


Relay-assisted physical resource sharing has the potentia l to improve the spectral efficiency, enhance the coverage, and decrease the expenditures for opera- tors. By sharing the infrastructure (relay) and the spectru m, a new type of interference is created on the physical layer. Handling the interference demands novel physical layer techniques that are investigated in SAPHYRE project. In this paper, we de- scribe three relay sharing examples where the spectrum and the infrastructure (relay) are shared between multiple operators and introduce initial physical layer solutions. The first example considers a DS/CDMA system and studies the r esource allocation problem using a game theory approach. The results show that the proposed approach can achieve a significant gain in a heavily loaded system. The second one deals with a MIMO system and introduces a sub-optimal transmit strategy inspired by the inter- ference channel. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed approach results in significant gains in terms of sum rate compared to an exclus ive assignment of the resources. The last case is inspired by wireless network coding and shows the hierar- chical exclusive code (HXC) design of a 2-source relay network.


With advancing channels of communication easing the availability of technological tools, the young minds of women in the Arabian Peninsula are ready to adopt forthcoming challenges. The embrace of storytelling in the digital realm by these young minds reflects the interplay of traditional culture, western modernism, and changes brought about by media industries. These women have adopted and used new media as a vehicle to maneuver their interesting and fresh ideas and have seen the rectilinear screen of a computer as an exit through which to come out and say something to the masses. The thinking methodology has culminated in pragmatic and dynamic visuals in order to celebrate, inform, and create awareness about the issues that they see in the region and among the people. With this freedom of expression, they are creating a new visual culture and transforming themselves into a meaningful workforce. With emerging technological tools, they blend intuitive, pragmatic, emotional, and contextual imagination with a highly-sophisticated production pipeline in order to incorporate the challenges of synthesizing "dialect" and "codes" that have traditionally been segregated in the culture. Their work is an amalgamation of arts/design, animation, life footage, and meaningful communication. With cyclical evaluation, they entwine the two elements, creativity, and technicality with massive exposure of Digital Assists Management (DAM). This paper explains how current technological tools and contextualized teaching instructions foster meaningful content with the elicitation and mergence of Arab anthropological characteristics.


The reactions of Sc+, Ti+, and V+ with CO are studied as a function of translational energy in a guided‐ion‐beam tandem mass spectrometer. Formation of both metal‐carbide and metal‐oxide ions are observed and rationalized by a direct atom abstraction mechanism. At high energies, the ScC+ and ScO+ cross sections exhibit additional features that are unusual but can be explained by an impulsive pairwise mechanism and formation of excited‐state product ions, respectively. Thresholds of the reaction cross sections are interpreted to give the 0 K bond energies (in eV) D0(ScC+)=3.34±0.06, D0(TiC+)=4.05±0.24, D0(VC+)=3.87±0.14, D0(ScO+)=7.11±0.08, D0(TiO+)=6.88±0.07, and D0(VO+)=5.81±0.17. Additional studies are used to help verify the bond energy for ScO+ and yield a recommended value of 7.14±0.11 eV. The nature of the bonding in MO+ and MC+ is discussed and compared for these three metal ions.


A scanning electron microscope technique is used, in combination with an optical imaging system, to measure minority carrier diffusion length in a heavily doped GaAs double heterostructure. Diffusion and drift of charge are imaged. A diffusion length of 3.6μm is measured, corresponding to a minority carrier mobility of 1150cm2∕Vs in p-type material doped ∼5×1018cm−3. Measurements are made as a function of local electric field and sample temperature. The technique offers a flexible approach to direct measurement of transport properties and is applicable to a range of luminescent materials and multilayer devices.


Objective To explore the clinical effects and safety of intravenous thrombolysis of recombinant tissue plas-minogen activator(rt-PA) treatment on acute ischemic stroke(AIS). Methods A total of 138 qualified patients of AIS were divided as therapy group and control group randomly. On the basis of treatment includedg anti-platelet aggrega-tion, reducing intracranial pressure, improving microcirculation and brain protective agent, the patients of control group were treated with low molecular heparin through intravenous drip, the patients of therapy group were given thromboly-sis of rt-PA treatment, instead. The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS) score and Barthel index(BI) were used to evaluate the neurological function and activities of daily living, respectively. Results No significant differences of NIHSS score and BI were observed between the therapy group and control group before the treatment( P0.05). After treatment, the total effective rate, NIHSS score and BI of therapy group were significantly superior to the control group(P0.05). Besides, there was no significant difference of adverse reaction rate between two groups( P0.05). Conclusion The intravenous thrombolysis of rt-PA treatment on AIS can improve the clinical symptoms, prognosis, life quality and satisfaction of AIS patients and it's worthy to be widely spread in clinical condition.


THE FIRST Act of the legislature of Upper Canada provided that in matters relating to property and civil rights, the law of England as it stood on October 5, 1792 should govern.' Thus it was that husbands in Ontario acquired extensive rights to their wives' property. By 1882, in England,"a and 1884, in Ontario,lb wives had regained these rights and separate property had become the established matrimonial regime. Today, the system of property relations which still prevails between spouses until divorce in both jurisdictions is that of separate property." There are many disadvantages associated with this sytem. Given a background of broadly similar socio-economic conditions, the purpose of this article is to compare and assess measures taken and contemplated in England and Ontario to alleviate these disadvantages during the marriage.


This research study was carried out in Pachicutza Parish, El Pangui Canton, in order to diagnose the presence of subclinical mastitis by the method of California Mastitis Test (CMT) and the record of mesophilic colony forming units (CFUS) of milk samples obtained from farms in this parish. The study-field was carried out in 88 farms in Pachicutza parish with a population of 237 cows in production, to which it was applied the California Mastitis Test (CMT). The laboratory analysis was carried out in the laboratory of Integral diagnosis of the National University of Loja; where were analyzed 88 milk samples obtained from farms in this parish. A total of 237 animals analyzed in Pachicutza parish where the prevalence of subclinical mastitis is 65.4% diagnosed by the California Mastitis Test. The highest percentage of subclinical mastitis was shown in the following neighborhoods: San Francisco with 100%, San Roque with 100% and Buena Fe with 93% and the area that show less prevalence is Pachicutza with 43%. Related to the prevalence of subclinical mastitis by age; the most susceptible are the animals from 5 years onwards with 65.38% this is an alteration that occurs on the nipples when aging and a lower tendency to cure due to the decrease of defenses.
Finally, of the 68 samples analyzed in the laboratory (counting of mesophiles), 100% were suitable for consumption according to what was suggested by the INEN standard (No. 9)
Key words: Subclinical Mastitis, California Mastitis Test, colony forming units (CFUS).


A method was established for determining two steroidal saponins(compounds 1 and 2) in Lilium brownii by HPLC for the first time.Separation was achieved by A Shim-pack VP-ODS column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) using acetonitrile and water(containing 0.1% phosponic acid) as the mobile phase with gradient elution at the f1ow rate of 1.0 mL/min,column temperature at 30 ℃ and the wavelength of UV detection was 205 nm.There were good linear correlations between the studied concentrations of the two steroidal saponins and their chromatographic peak areas,and the correlation coefficients were 0.9998-0.9999.The recoveries of two steroidal saponins were 100.59 and 99.97%,respectively.The RSD of precision and accuracy was less than 3%.The determination results of three batch samples showed that the method was simple,accurate and could be used in the quantitative determination of two components in the Lilium brownie.


Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Mature Women are used to explore the effect of adolescent childrearing on the hourly wages of women in the labor force. Women who were adolescent mothers earn less than other married or previously married women because of a persistent inability to achieve comparable educational levels. Adolescent mothers from more favorable socioeconomic backgrounds do better than other adolescent mothers in terms of education and income but, relative to women from the same background who postponed childrearing, their losses are substantial. Adolescent mothers are also more likely than other women to be or to have been single heads of households, with the economic disadvantages of that status. Public policy approaches to the prohlems of teenage parenthood must consider rhe provision of income resources and child care supports to enable young mothers to complete high school in order to further their chances for eventual self-support.


This paper presents a review of methods for building WordNets follo- wing the expand model, that is, by translating the English variants of the Princeton WordNet. Only free resources available online have been used. The paper also pre- sents the evaluation of the techniques applied in the construction of Spanish and Catalan WordNets 3.0. These techniques can be also used for other languages.


This work presents a simple and innovative approach for the quantitative analysis of optical transduction signals from fluorescence, chemiluminescence and colorimetry coupled to a model affinity interaction inside a microfluidic device. By coupling nanoporous microbeads packed inside a microfluidic channel with an integrated photodetector, it was possible to quantify (i) the specific number of antibody-label conjugates bound to protein A coated beads at increasing concentrations and (ii) the emitted/absorbed photon flux involved in each of the transduction mechanisms. The measurement of (i) and (ii) allows a full quantitative understanding of a biosensing mechanism in general, providing a generic methodology to design a microfluidic point-of-need device with the appropriate label and probe dissociation constant (Kd) to achieve the required sensitivity.


1,2-Dithiocyanatoethane forms polynuclear complexes with cobalt(II) halides, of general formula [CoX2·L](X = Cl, Br, or I), which are decomposed completely by unidentate ligands. Rhodium(III) and iridium(III) form binuclear halogen-bridged complexes of general formula [MX3·L](M = Rh or Ir; X = Cl, Br, or I). The halogen-bridges are split by unidentate ligands. Infrared spectra are recorded, and structures of the complexes discussed.


The present study used dual reasoning from communication privacy management theory and relational uncertainty to investigate how parents-in-law protected privacy boundaries within the parent- and child-in-law dyad. More specifically, the links among relational uncertainty, topic avoidance, family in-group status, and satisfaction were explored. Study 1 (N = 59) provided descriptive data on categories of parent-in-law relational uncertainty. These categories generated a measure of parent-in-law relational uncertainty employed in Study 2 (N = 104). Findings from Study 2 revealed intriguing interactions among family in-group status, relational uncertainty, and topic avoidance. In addition, relational uncertainty was negatively associated with family in-group status and parent-in-law satisfaction.


Single-cell next Generation Sequencing and Its Applications in Cancer Biology.- Utility of Next Generation Sequencing in Cancer Drug Development and Clinical Trials.- Next-Generation Sequencing in the Era of Cancer-Targeted Therapies: Towards the Personalised Medicine.- Mutational Similarities Across Cancers: Implications for Research, Diagnostics and Personalized Therapy Design.- Standardized Decision Support in NGS Reports of Somatic Cancer Variants.- Clinical Considerations in the Conduct of Cancer Next Generation Sequencing Testing and Genetic Counselling.- Next Generation Sequencing for Cancer Biomarker Discovery.- Validation and Implementation of Next Generation Sequencing Technologies in a Clinical Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory.- Next Generation Sequencing Technologies and Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded Tissue: Application to Clinical Cancer Research.- Applications of NGS to Screen FFPE Tumours for Detecting Fusion Transcripts.- Clinical Application of Next-Generation Sequencing of Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tumors.- ChIP-BS-Sequencing in Cancer Epigenomics.- Integrative Analysis Identifies Transcription Factor-DNA Methylation Relationships and Introduces New Avenues for Translating Cancer Epigenetics Into the Clinic.- Differential Methylation Analysis with Next-Generation Sequencing.- Performance Comparison and Data Analysis Strategies for MicroRNA Profiling in Cancer Research.- Small RNA Sequencing for Squamous Cell Carcinoma Research.- Exome Capture and Capturing Technologies in Cancer Research.- The Landscape of DNA Virus Associations Across Human Malignant Cancers.- Using Next Generation Sequencing to Reveal Patterns of Chromosomal Alterations in Oral Verrucous Carcinoma.- Vironomics: The Study of Viral Genomics in Human Cancer and Disease.- Molecular Typing of Lung Adenocarcinoma on Cytological Samples in the Next Generation Sequencing Era.- Whole Genome/Exome Sequencing in Acute Leukemia: From Research to Clinics.- Next Generation Sequencing Applications in Head and Neck Oncology.- CIC Mutation in Brain Tumor.- Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Mutation in Gliomas.- Utilization of Multigene Panels in Hereditary Cancer Predisposition Testing.


The existence of a species-specific mate recognition system (MRS) enables a fluid interchange of genes within species, while promoting the evolution of barriers to hybridization across sibling species. This is because MRS's can diverge in allopatry as a consequence of random events such as drift, or because different ecological conditions impose different optima on sexually-selected characters such as may be part of the MRS's. As freshwater habitats are frequently fragmented and re-merged following long-term climatic changes and river piracy across catchments, there is ample scope for fish populations' MRS's to diverge in allopatry to the point of generating pre-mating barriers. Based on former records of population differences in sexually-dimorphic traits in the Amarillo fish (Girardinichthys multiradiatus), we investigated 1) whether courtship by males is quantifiably different between populations, and 2) whether these differences are due to difference in the way females respond to specific elements of the courtship sequence (thus prompting males to court in a population-specific style). Using five populations representing the whole of the Amarillo's geographic range, we found that, when confronted to homogametic females, males exhibited substantial and significant differences in the tendency to perform particular courtship patterns, in spite of males form all populations having equal repertoires. We also found that heterogametic courtship neither resembled that of the populations of origin of the male, nor of the female. We infer that the interpretation of the courtship signals is diverging across Amarillo populations, in a manner akin to the evolution of languages in bird songs.


The random variables are said to be maximally (resp. minimally) stable of order j () if the distribution of (resp. of ) is the same for any j element subset of Under the assumption of maximal (resp. minimal) stability of order j, we give lower and upper bounds on linear combinations of distribution functions of order statistics in terms of (resp. ) and present the corresponding sharp two-sided bounds on expected L-estimates. Moreover, we evaluate the upper and lower deviations of the expectation of L-estimate from observations with a given dependence structure (copula) under maximally stable violations of the dependence assumption.


Capturing context within query in query reformulation tasks has been identified as a promising technique for supporting users who are engaged with interactive information retrieval systems. User queries represent the evolution of information problems. A deeper understanding of the structure and process of query reformulation, in particular, could provide further information for system adaptations. The present study characterizes the query reformulation process in two types of term suggestion devices, relevance feedback (RF) and Local Context Analysis (LCA), in simulated question-answering tasks using Rutgers' TREC-8 Interactive Track dataset. Four types of query reformulation were identified on the basis of semantic contents and relations, as well as sequences in users' modifications of queries. We found a significant relationship between the types of query reformulations and the use of term suggestion devices. But we did not find significant correlations between types of query reformulations and search performance. Some issues regarding systematic biases in query reformulations and capturing context within queries in interactive IR system are discussed.


Introduction: Oxidative stress with subsequent lipid peroxidation has been postulated as
one mechanism for lead toxicity. The protective action of vitamins C and E against lead affects lipid hydroperoxide level and liver functions in male rats has been studied.
Results: Administration of lead acetate (2%) in dirinking water for 3 months elevates plasma lipid hydroperoxide level, activities of aspartate aminotronsferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. On the other hand, reduced plasma glutathione (GSH), protein and high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations lowered significantly in lead (Pb) treated group. However, oral administration of vitamin C (Vit C) or vitamin E (Vit E) at dose level of 100 mg/kg body weight reduced the alterations in the previous parameters. On the other hand, co-administration of both vitamins (Vit C+ Vit E) to lead-treated rats led to the most significant decline in lipid hydroperoxide level, restoration of GSH level and exhibited more protection as compared with Vit C or Vit E separately.
Conclusion: There is synergistic antioxidative effect between Vit C and Vit E that protects the liver from lead induced lipid peroxidation, suggesting that the antioxidant treatment may best be done using a balanced cocktail. .


Objective To elementarily explore the surgical method and therapeutic effect of the direct immobilization of medial canthus ligament with Titan nail.Methods 21 cases with orbital medial wall fracture(OMWF)prosthesis,including 5 cases with medial canthus rupture,were performed the direct immobilization of medial canthus ligament with Titan nail and board on OMWF prosthesis via medial canthus transway and were retrospectively analyzed the therapeutic effect.Results The total 21 cases had almost the same distance between the midline of nasal root and the two medial canthi.The valeshape incisure between medial canthi and nasal root of 19cases were performed well and tow medial canthi were almost symmetrical,except for 2 cases of the courses upwards of half year with fracture of nasal bone dystopic healing.Conclusions The direct immobilization of medial canthus ligament with Titan nail and board is operated simply,dependable and reliably,so it is a comparatively good method of immobiling medial canthus ligament.


Cavitation produced by high-intensity focused ultrasound needs to be monitored for specific applications such as sonoporation. Passive acoustic mapping using adaptive or non-adaptive beamforming methods has been proposed in the literature for this task, but lacks of spatial (primarily axial) resolution. This is mainly due to the absence of a time reference, a common specificity of passive imaging compared to standard pulse-echo ultrasound. In this paper, we propose an inverse problem-based method for passive cavitation imaging, aiming to increase the spatial resolution through sparsity constraints. Results on simulated data are presented and compared to state-of-the-art approaches, such as the frequential delay-and-sum and the frequential robust Capon beamformer.


Psychology Teaching Review Vol 14 No 2 © The British Psychological Society 2008 RADFORD (2008), in a wide ranging article on the teaching of psychology in higher education, creates the image of rambling through a forest. In this image, teaching psychology is represented by the process of negotiating a way through the vegetation rather than the vegetation itself. Hence, no discrete 'content' is transmitted from teacher to learner (or conversely from learner to teacher) since the vegetation can be labelled in myriad ways depending upon the perspective adopted by the rambler. This is a fascinating image. However, in order to find a focus, this commentary will be limited to two critical aspects not adequately addressed in the article. The first aspect is the relevance of boundaries. The second aspect is the political context(s). These two issues, though artificially dissociated for current purposes, are inextricably linked. By way of a preface, this commentary argues that the Graduate Basis of Registration (GBR) is not 'the professional tail' that is 'wagging the teaching subject dog [p. 6]', but a consistent stance in order, inter alia, to maintain standards within the teaching of psychology. Radford (2008) argues that a distinction can be drawn between a discipline and a profession in that the former does not have boundaries whereas the latter does. A counter argument is that disciplines do have boundaries even if such boundaries are artificially erected by university governing bodies. In fact there is a real sense in which the creation of these boundaries is almost an inevitable and spontaneous function of university governing bodies. Imagine higher education processes as a series of nested loops as in a computer programme. The inner loop represents first degree students who are linked to the university for three years. The second loop is that of the academic staff who co-exist with these students for potentially a longer time of say five years. The next loop comprises the university governing body. The time span for the governing body potentially runs into centuries and in a very really sense has seen extensive changes over time. The final loop is that of extant government policy whose time frame is commensurate with that of the academic staff but clearly dwarfed by the timescale of the university governing body. Creating boundaries enables the university governing body to moderate the fit between resources that are received, those expended and less the resources necessary for its own maintenance. Psychology as a discipline is placed within such a contextual framework that is not independent of all other disciplines. It is one of many disciplines. Therefore teaching psychology is not just about what academic psychologists would like to teach. Within this looped structure students have many reasons for wanting to obtain a psychology degree; academic staff have many reasons for being in the educative process; government policy has many reasons for engaging with universities. In contrast, the university governing body has one main reason, that of its survival. The creation of boundaries enables university governing bodies to identify those disciplines that contribute to the survival of the organisation, i.e. those whose contribution to resources is a positive one. Critically many psychology departments, as an implicit strategy, have aligned their boundaries with 'hard science' disciplines. A cursory inspection of degree titles awarded by UK psychology departments needs no statistical analysis to state that the 'Bachelor of Science' significantly prevails over 'Bachelor of Arts'. Given that government strategy predominantly funds these 'hard science' disciplines, psychology Teaching psychology: The political context


I present the momentous discovery of gravitational waves, announced in 2016, starting from a confused Einstein who in 1936 tries to convince the scientific community that gravitational waves cannot exist (!), and then illustrating the extraordinary insights and breakthroughs that led 2017 Nobel Prize winners B. Barish, K. Thorne and R. Weiss to open an entirely new window on the Universe. This achievement has marked the beginning of a new era in science, and upcoming experiments have the potential to truly revolutionize our understanding of the Universe. Accounts of the perception of extra-terrestrial reality with senses beyond sight, such as those offered by astronauts who have been on the Moon, are exceedingly rare. That is hardly unsurprising: touch and taste require direct contact, while hearing and smell operate only over short distances, and are in any case confined to the Earth's thin shell of atmosphere. Sight, on the other hand, allows us to collect the electromagnetic waves emitted by extraordinarily remote celestial objects.


Communicating agents are commonly thought of as intentionally addressing messages to other agents. A growing body of research exists on the interactive case: natural language dialogue. A somewhat different case, also important in many real life social and work settings, is a person overhearing or intentionally listening in on dialogue among a group of other people. Comparatively little research so far illuminates how, for example, a minute taker for a meeting can comprehend a discussion well enough to accurately record decisions, action items, and other such meeting outcomes, including ones that concern technical matters he does not understand. What prevents the small misunderstandings that frequently creep into discussions, even between active participants, from growing into a gross misunderstanding by the minute taker of the discussion to which he is listening? This talk will present some similarities and differences between participating in a conversation and listening in on one, with emphasis on how overhearers who lack opportunities to contribute to a discussion target their interpretive efforts in productive ways. Progress in creating artificial agents capable of similar listening feats will be surveyed and research directions assessed.


This paper presents a model of retailer-manufacturer interaction that focuses on retail competition between national brands and private labels positioned by retailers to compete with them. The final demand side involves vertical differentiation between the private label (low quality) and the national brand (high quality). It is assumed that production costs for the national brand and the private label differ not only by sunk costs (advertising) but also by marginal costs, and that the marginal cost function is increasing and convex in quality. We study equilibrium price strategies for both agents when the quality of the private label varies and we compute the optimal private label quality from the retailer's point of view. We also determine the effect of the private label on the agents' profits. Our results suggest that the wholesale price of the branded good may increase as the private label good becomes a closer substitute for it. Moreover, introducing a private label reduces the double marginalisation problem in the vertical structural. Copyright 1999 by Oxford University Press.


The use of calcium chloride and calcium lactate solutions has been shown to be a suitable alternative to chlorine in order to maintain the shelf-life of fresh-cut fruit and vegetables. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of calcium chloride or calcium lactate at different concentrations (1, 2, or 4 %, w/v) on the quality and nutritional parameters of whole 'Conference' pears. Moreover, the effect of those salts and antioxidant solution (2 % ascorbic acid, 2 % sodium citrate and 1 % calcium chloride) on the quality and sensorial attributes of fresh-cut pears was studied. The results showed that the application of calcium salts had no effect on the antioxidant activity (AA), vitamin C content, total phenolic content (TPC), PME and PG activities and calcium content. However, whole pears treated with calcium chloride 1 % showed higher values of AA and TPC than those treated with 2 %. The use of calcium chloride at 1 % combined with antioxidant solution could be a promising preservative method for fresh-cut pears.


An approach to the generation of future adaptive mission-oriented command and control architectures is presented that uses "command and control capabilities" concept both for missions and C2 systems. The concept is modeled and formulated so that both missions and C2 systems can be normatively described by it: on the one hand, missions require the military has specific C2 capabilities and on the other hand, any C2 system has C2 capabilities to do C2 activities. Then, the C2 architecture for a given mission can be generated by finding out the suitable C2 system which can satisfy the capability requirements of the mission according to some specific strategies. Organization of the paper: The paper is organized as follows. Section I is Introduction in which we explain the motivation of the research and discuss some related work. In Section II we give a complete and brief description of the approach by providing a graph model based on C2 capabilities concept which shows how to construct C2 organizational architectures in a dynamic and uncertain environment. The remainder of the paper demonstrates in details each of the components which constitute the graph model. Firstly, Section III presents the normative quantitative model which is formulized from the C2 capabilities concept and provides a basis congruent description both for missions and C2 systems. Subsequently, Section III shows how to describe the C2 capabilities requirements of missions and the C2 capabilities space of C2 systems. In Section IV, the specific strategy to find a suitable C2 organizational architecture for a specified mission is devised according to the mission environment. It is explained thoroughly and the C2 architecture is then generated. In Section V, a military application is used to demonstrate the feasibility of the methodology. Finally, we will conclude with summary and future research directions in Section VI.


Named Entity Recognition (NER) is an information extraction task aimed at identifying and classifying words of a sentence, a paragraph or a document into predefined categories of Named Entities (NEs). NEs are terms that are used to name a person, location or organization. They are also used to refer to the value or amount of something. NER is an important tool in almost all NLP application areas out of which it is very essential in Search Engines (Semantic based), Machine Translation, and Question-Answering, Indexing for Information Retrieval and Automatic Summarization systems. This paper presents Rule-based approach for the development of Named Entity Recognition (NER) system for Afan Oromo language


This chapter reviews what some of the key intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) do in relation to trafficking of human beings by providing a comparative analysis of their efforts and an analysis of the extent to which they are successful in the suppression of the phenomenon and the promotion of a human rights framework. It starts with an examination of the policies and programmes of one key regional organisation, the European Union (EU). The study of the EU is followed by that of the United Nations Inter-Agency Project on Trafficking of Women and Children in Mekong Sub-region (UNIAP), a project being implemented under the auspices of the United Nations. In addition, the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) and the International Labour Organisation (ILO) are also explored as both of these organisations have been the key players in the fight against trafficking of human beings.Keywords: European Union (EU); human beings; human rights; intergovernmental organizations (IGOs); International Labour Organisation (ILO); International Organisation for Migration (IOM); trafficking; UNIAP


Crack width is an important data item in inspection and diagnosis for the safety management of concrete structures. Usually the crack width measurement is performed manually by specialists using a crack scale. However, it takes a long time and lacks the objectivity needed for quantitative analysis. Therefore, the importance of image processing for visual inspection has been increasing in civil and construction engineering. Recently, many methods for crack width measurement have been proposed. We have already tried to measure crack width utilizing image processing. However, these methods have concentrated only on the application to test specimens. In this paper, we propose an improved image measurement method for crack width determination, intended for application to real concrete structures. In our method, a crack scale is applied to the concrete surface for image acquisition. The crack width is measured by the brightness of the crack scale areas on the image with sub-pixel order accuracy. In the real world, the lighting conditions differ in various environments. To deal with such differences, this paper clarifies the conditions of effectiveness of our method for practical use. The validity of the proposed technique is investigated by experiments with images of a real concrete surface. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(10): 1–12, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10151


Often objects with removed parts or functionality also lose their identity. But, there are situations in which this is not the case: identity is preserved. We refer to such objects, by means of Nonconcepts, nonimplying partial negation and concept implying preserved identity. In this work Nonconcepts are defined and pluggable ontologies are proposed for their representation. These ontologies are made pluggable by sockets, a novel kind of class. These are abstract place-holders for removed/added parts, functionalities or identities. The space of Nonconcepts has been extensively explored. Pragmatic implications of Nonconcepts include manageable design of products with a multitude of models. Nonconcepts are also relevant to the formal controversy whether composition is/isn't identity. The resolution is not sharp. Identity is entangled with composition, such that identity is preserved to a certain extent, until further removal causes identity break-down.


Indian democracy is being globally acclaimed for its 'twin successes', namely achieving an impressive market reforms-driven economic growth in recent years notwithstanding ongoing global recession, accompanied with a consistent practice of democracy. Against the grain of such celebration of the 'widening' and 'deepening' of democracy in India under the shadow of globalization, the article argues that even though competitive politics is being understood as an essential 'democratic minimum' that cannot be dispensed with at the same time the concurrent depoliticization of policy process also ensures that it need not intervene in the substantive issue of economic policy. The article makes this point by visiting India's electoral politics since the initiation of neo-liberal economic reforms and taking note of the marked disconnect between the two.


Minerals have a very important role for the human body, fulfillment of mineral needs in humans is obtained by consuming food. One source of animal minerals is Indian scad. Indian scad has a mineral composition that the body needs. This study aims to determine the macro and micro minerals composition of Indian scad. Samples are grouped by body weight, then prepared and tested for macro minerals (Ca, K, Mg and Na) and micro minerals (Cu, Fe, Mn, Se and Zn). The results of grouping the Indian scad based on the average weight obtained by 3 (three) groups, namely group A (72.8 g), B (136.1 g) and C (222.2 g). Proportion of Indian scad has a 69% flesh, 18% head and bones, 13% viscera and gills, 1% blood and water. Macro mineral measurements in each group of fish obtained results: Calcium 40.353 mg/g (A), 37.559 mg/g (B) and 71.334 mg/g (C), Potassium 69.350 mg/g (A), 55.834 mg/g (B) and 67.146 mg/g (C), Magnesium 10.701 mg/g (A), 7.985 mg/g (B) and 11.550 mg/g (C) and Sodium 29.525 mg/g (A), 28.942 mg/g (B) and 29.072 mg/g (C). Micro minerals measurement results: Copper 0.119 mg/g (A), 0.046 mg/g (B) and 0.068 mg/g (C); Iron 0.363 mg/g (A), 0.204 mg/g (B) and 0.324 mg/g (C); Manganese 0.013 mg/g (A), 0.011 mg/g (B) and 0.014 mg/g (C); Selenium 0.464 mg/g (A), 1.007 mg/g (B) and 2.847 mg/g (C); Zinc 0.262 mg/g (A), 0.227 mg/g (B) and 0.431 mg/g (C). Indian scad flesh has a macro and micro minerals composition that varies depending on the body weight of the fish.


The manual presents: a General overview of the subject "Technology" in the context of the requirements of the new standards, especially design and implementation of the lesson (structure) technology as the form of organization of learning, providing of active and planned educational and cognitive activity of students.Designed for teachers of primary classes of secondary schools, students of pedagogical universities.


Simon Woods. Open University Press, 2007, £19.99 (paperback), pp 192.

Death's Dominion is Simon Woods' addition to the excellent and thought-provoking Facing Death series. Its timeliness is hardly at issue: the debate on euthanasia, end-of-life care and associated issues looks set to rage for some time. And it comes out at a time when the UK Parliament is debating a palliative care bill, designed to promote a duty of the state to provide palliative care to all who need it. The real concern with a work in this area is knowing whether it is worth reading. I think it is. Relatively few are the texts that deal with palliative care, and fewer still are those that deal with it in such a careful and comprehensive manner. No thorough analysis of issues regarding the roles of the state and health care in individuals' end-of-life decision-making can afford to ignore the specialty, yet it is often left unmentioned. For anyone who wishes to know about it and to see it in a clear social and ethical context, this book will prove highly valuable.

The book is logically structured, consisting of eight chapters. Although these lead clearly from one …


In this article the psychologic changes in the process of speech are discussed. The influence of psychologic and affect states in the process of speech is analyzed on the bases of the texts taken from fiction.


Helminth is a nonphylogenetic term that refers to multicellular animals (or metazoans) that have adopted a parasitic lifestyle in mammalian hosts. They are more commonly referred to as parasitic worms. These worms generally (with the exception of Strongyloides stercoralis) cannot replicate within the host, and they have evolved distinct methods to co-exist with their host through the activation of an immune regulatory network. Until quite recently in human history, the majority of Homo sapiens were likely colonized by one type of worm or another, just like many mammals are in the wild. This close relationship has led to the evolution of ''disease tolerance'' by the host [1,2], in the presence of these parasites [3]. In other words, the mammalian host has evolved mechanisms to minimize the virulence of helminths, even without necessarily reducing worm burden. While helminths cause disease in hundreds of millions of people [4], nonetheless a large proportion of infected individuals are relatively tolerant to colonization with helminths.


The role of segmentation in image processing is to separate
foreground from background. In this process, the features become clearly visible when appropriate filters are applied on the image. In this paper emphasis has been laid on segmentation of biometric retinal images to filter out the vessels explicitly for evaluating the bifurcation points and features for diabetic retinopathy. Segmentation
on images is performed by calculating ridges or morphology. Ridges are those areas in the images where there is sharp contrast in features. Morphology targets the features using structuring elements. Structuring elements are of different shapes like disk, line which is used for extracting features of those shapes. When segmentation was performed on retinal images problems were encountered during
image pre-processing stage. Also edge detection techniques have been deployed to find out the contours of the retinal images. After the segmentation has been performed, it has been seen that artifacts of the retinal images have been minimal when ridge based segmentation technique was deployed. In the field of Health Care Management,image segmentation has an important role to play as it determines whether a person is normal or having any disease specially diabetes. During the process of segmentation, diseased features are classified as diseased one's or artifacts. The problem comes when artifacts are classified as diseased ones. This results in misclassification which has
been discussed in the analysis Section. We have achieved fast computing with better performance, in terms of speed for nonrepeating features, when compared to repeating features.


Agroforestry, the inclusion of woody perennials within farming systems, has been both a traditional landuse approach developed by subsistence farmers throughout the tropics, and a livelihood option promoted by landuse managers and international development efforts. Agroforestry systems range from subsistence livestock and pastoral systems to home gardens, alley intercropping, and biomass plantations with a wide diversity of biophysical conditions and socio-ecological characteristics. The extent of its practice has never been quantified leading to widely varied estimates about its importance. This paper is the first attempt to quantify the extent of agroforestry at the global level. A geospatial analysis of remote sensing derived global datasets investigated the correspondence and relationship of tree cover, population density and climatic conditions within agricultural land at 1 km resolution. Among the key results are that agroforestry is a significant feature of agriculture in all regions, that its extent varies significantly across different regions (e.g. more significant in Central America and less in East Asia), that tree cover is strongly positively related to humidity, and that there are mixed relationships between tree cover and population density depending on the region. This first analysis suggests that patterns of tree cover are influenced by a range of factors we were not able to examine at the global scale and a number of follow up analyses are recommended.


Rüppell's Weaver Ploceus galbula and the Lesser Masked Weaver Ploceus intermedius nest prominently in the Awash National Park, Ethiopia. In both species the sociality or degree of aggregation of their nesting is varied. Rüppell's Weaver can nest singly or in small clusters, or in association with the Lesser Masked Weaver, which itself can nest in loose aggregations or bustling colonies. This variation suggests a continuum of nesting sociality in weavers, from solitary nesting through associative and gregarious nesting to full coloniality.


This paper applies SBM directional functions with dynamic factors to measure Energy-Economy-Environment(3E )efficiency and its components in China' s 30 provincial regions over the period 1998 to 2011.This paper then empirically analyzes the causes of 3E efficiency using random effect Tobit regress model.The major conclusions are as follows:30 provinces are divided into five groups according to their 3E efficiencies and development policies can be made for different groups.It can avoid underestimating the efficiency of capital and other factors by considering the intertemporal effect of capital.The excess emission of environmental pollutions are the main source of environmental inefficiency,and the task of reducing emissions are much more demanding than conserving energy and developing the economy.Per capita GDP,industrial structure,innovative efficiency,energy intensity,endowment structure,energy structure,FDI and the power of environmental regulations have effects on the 3E efficiency,and local government expenditures and employments' educational status can improve the energy and environment efficiency.


Objective:To explore the operative indications, methods, curative effects and clinical prospect of Endovascular Graft Exclusion (EVGE) for descending thoracic aortic dissection (TAD). Methods:Under dynamic supervision of DSA, an EVGE with a stent graft complex of 130 44 mm was performed successfully on a 75 year old man with an aortic dissection (DeBakey ⅢB type). Results:Following the operation, DSA revealed that the intimal tear of the dissection was excluded by the endoluminal stent graft complex and the false lumen disappeared. The postoperative one week and one month, Duplex scan and CTA revealed that the stent graft complex was patent and had an inner diameter of 36 mm, without any migration and torsion. The false lumen of dissection was full of thrombi. The patient was discharged in a week. One month postoperative follow up showed that the patient was recovered to his usual normality. Conclusion:The indications for EVGE are DeBakey ⅢB type aortic dissections with the intimal tear, EVGE is a minus invasive method with a firmly curative effects, its clinical prospect will be very bright.