Northern Nigeria has been considered the mainstay of Nigeria food production for its significantly high level of food reserved and fertile ground for crop cultivation. The genesis of the conflict of militant groups known as Nigeria government could be traced back to the execution of Yusuf Mohammed in 2009 who was the leader of the g destroyed so many business empires as well as economic activities in the region. The thrust of this paper therefore is that, much as killing, bombing, by militants, and general threat to lives and p security implication for our country's economy, yet the current state of emergency and amnesty for repentant paper argues that, Nigeria does not need to adopt brut to dialogue with these militants in Northern Nigeria to embrace entrepreneurship as strategy for peace and security.


"Welfare recipients who without good cause do not cooperate with their job centre or who do not sufficiently search for jobs or training might face a temporary benefit sanction. This study describes first the institutional set-up of sanctions against welfare benefit recipients in Germany and its changes since the introduction of the Social Code II in the year 2005. Second, our duration analysis estimates the individual transition rates into a first benefit sanction after entering welfare receipt. The analysis presents results for men and women in East and West Germany separately. Moreover, we distinguish between further population groups, in order to show to what extent the transition rates into a first sanction vary with age, the highest schooling degree, nationality, and family status. The study analyses an inflow sample into welfare during the period April 2006 to March 2008 that was drawn from administrative micro data. It considers two different types of first sanctions. Sanctions that lead to a relatively strong reduction of the welfare benefit by an amount of 30 per cent (100 per cent for those aged below 25 years) of the base cash benefit, and mild sanctions leading to a cut of 10 per cent of the base cash benefit. In the period under review both sanctions also implied the temporary loss of an additional part of the welfare benefit that until the year 2011 was granted to people who exhausted their unemployment insurance benefit within the previous two years. Severe sanctions may be imposed if, for example, a welfare recipient refuses a job offer or a placement into an active labour market programme, whereas mild sanctions may be imposed for missing an appointment with job centre staff or a medical examination. The transition rates into a first sanction tend to decrease with time since entry into welfare receipt. Our analysis shows that men face much higher sanction rates than women. This result holds for all sub-groups under investigation. Welfare recipients aged at least 50 years face extremely low transition rates into benefit sanctions, while those aged less than 25 years are characterised by the highest ones. The latter result reflects that young welfare recipients are a special target group that in the period under review was supposed to be placed immediately after the start of their welfare receipt into jobs, training or work opportunities, implying a much greater scope for non-cooperation with the job centres. A high schooling degree is associated with a very low transition rate into the first benefit sanction. Moreover, having young children aged less than three years implies extremely low transition rates into benefit sanctions for their mothers; due to child-rearing they do not have to be available for job placement. However, for fathers of children aged less than three years the transition rates are relatively high in West Germany." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))


Today, there are divergent views on the interpretation and appropriation of the text. Those from democratic, stable and responsible governments tend to understand the text differently from those who live under autocratic, brutal and irresponsible governments. The aim of this article is to exegete Romans 13:1–7 and examine how it is appropriate to the new dispensation of the Second Republic of Zimbabwe. However, before exegeting the text, the background of the Second Republic of Zimbabwe will be given.


In this article we prove quantitative unique continuation results for wave operators of the form $\partial$ 2 t -- div(c(x)$\nabla$$\bullet$) where the scalar coefficient c is discontinuous across an interface of codimension one in a bounded domain or on a compact Riemannian manifold. We do not make any assumptions on the geometry of the interface or on the sign of the jumps of the coefficient c. The key ingredient is a local Carleman estimate for a wave operator with discontinuous coefficients. We then combine this estimate with the recent techniques of Laurent-L{\'e}autaud [LL19] to propagate local unique continuation estimates and obtain a global stability inequality. As a consequence, we deduce the cost of the approximate controllability for waves propagating in this geometry.


The theory of Dirichlet forms as originated by Beurling-Deny and developed particularly by Fukushima and Silverstein, is a natural functional analytic extension of classical (and axiomatic) potential theory. Although some parts of it have abstract measure theoretic versions, the basic general construction of a Hunt process properly associated with the form, obtained by Fukushima and Silverstein, requires the form to be defined on a locally compact separable space with a Radon measure $m$ and the form to be regular (in the sense of the continuous functions of compact support being dense in the domain of the form, both in the supremum norm and in the natural norm given by the form and the $L^2(m)$-space). This setting excludes infinite dimensional situations.
In this letter we announce that there exists an extension of Fukushima-Silverstein's construction of the associated process to the case where the space is only supposed to be metrizable and the form is not required to be regular.


DaFangBianFoBaoEnJin(大方便佛报恩经) is the anonymous Chinese translation of an Indian Buddhist sutra that has been attached to the Donghan(东汉) Buddhist sutra.It's style is not like Donghan(东汉) Buddhist sutra with passivity sentence and question sentence and Buddhist nouns of transliteration and normal words and phrases of views.It's style is similar to Buddhist sutra in XiJin period and it's translation age is not earlier than Sanguo(三国) period.


Phylloquinone (vitamin K1, VK1) is widely used therapeutically and intravenous administration of this quinone can induce hypotension. We aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects induced by VK1 on arterial blood pressure. With this purpose a catheter was inserted into the abdominal aorta of male Wistar rats for blood pressure and heart rate recording. Bolus intravenous injection of VK1 (0.5–20 mgkg−1) produced a transient increase in blood pressure followed by a fall. Both the pressor and depressor response induced by VK1 were dose‐dependent. On the other hand, intravenous injection of VK1 did not alter heart rate. The nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor NG‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME, 10 and 20 mgkg−1) reduced both the increase and decrease in blood pressure induced by VK1 (5 mgkg−1). On the other hand, indometacin (10 mgkg−1), a non‐selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, did not alter the increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) induced by VK1. However, VK1‐induced fall in MAP was significantly attenuated by indometacin. We concluded that VK1 induces a dose‐dependent effect on blood pressure that consists of an acute increase followed by a more sustained decrease in MAP. The hypotension induced by VK1 involves the activation of the nitric oxide (NO) pathway and the release of vasodilator prostanoid(s).


Background and objective Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have been suggested to have pancreatic beta-cell preserving effect according to studies using homeostatic model of assessment for beta-cell function (HOMA-β). However, whether HOMA-β is a suitable biomarker for comparisons between hypoglycemic drugs with different mechanisms of action remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to compare the effects of DPP-4 inhibitors and other classes of hypoglycemic drugs on HOMA-β and proinsulin-to-insulin ratio (PIR). Methods We searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and Ichushi-web for the period of 1966 to May 2020. We collected randomized, controlled clinical trials in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus comparing DPP-4 inhibitors and other classes of hypoglycemic agents [α-glucosidase inhibitors (α-GIs), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues, metformin, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, sulfonylureas, or thiazolidinediones]. Weighted mean differences and 95% confidence intervals of changes in HOMA-β or PIR during study periods were calculated for pairwise comparisons. Results Thirty-seven and 21 relevant trials were retrieved for comparisons of HOMA-β and PIR, respectively. HOMA-β and PIR consistently showed superiority of DPP-4 inhibitors compared with α-GIs. Both biomarkers consistently supported inferiority of DPP-4 inhibitors compared with GLP-1 analogues. However, PIR showed inferiority of DPP-4 inhibitors compared with metformin, and superiority compared with SGLT2 inhibitors, whereas HOMA-β showed no significant differences between DPP-4 inhibitors and the two other agents. Conclusion DPP-4 inhibitors appear to be superior to α-GIs but inferior to GLP-1 analogues in preservation of beta-cell function assessed by either HOMA-β or PIR. DPP-4 inhibitors seem to be superior to SGLT2 inhibitors but inferior to metformin on islet function assessed only by PIR. Because HOMA-β and PIR may indicate different aspects of beta-cell function, results of beta-cell function preserving effects of hypoglycemic agents should be interpreted with caution.


Detecting epileptogenic brain lesions in patients with intractable epilepsy is important as patients may then be eligible for surgery. We compared two methods of anomaly detection via combining multi-parametric MR images. The early fusion approach consists in building a single global model; in the late fusion approach three local models are constructed based each on a single MR sequence, and their decisions combined. We proposed an original approach for decision combination based on majority voting and Stouffer's method coupled with a univariate statistical analysis. Cross validation with depth EEG electrodes findings in three patients including patients with normal MR on visual examination showed that the late fusion approach achieves the best performance.


Sylvilagus audubonii (desert cottontail) and Lepus californicus (black-tailed jackrabbit) occur in sympatry in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. During the daytime, both species occupy shallow excavations under shrubs known as forms. Comparisons of form and shrub characteristics between the 2 species can provide insights into connections between body size, physiology, and behavior. I examined forms of the 2 species in the Chihuahuan Desert in southern New Mexico, USA, from 2014 to 2016. In response to temperature, S. audubonii varied the structure of its forms and dug burrows, whereas L. californicus did not. Sylvilagus audubonii forms were most commonly located in the centers of patches of shrubs, whereas L. californicus forms were most commonly on the edges of patches. Overhead canopy depth and exposure to direct sunlight were not different between the 2 species, but canopy heights were less at S. audubonii forms than at L. californicus forms. Sylvilagus audubonii individuals were less visible to predators than L. californicus individuals at predator eye level in all directions, and the horizontal extent of canopies was greater at S. audubonii forms than at L. californicus forms in all directions except to the left side. An asymmetry was evident in the exposure of S. audubonii to predators, which may be the result of brain lateralization. Although distance to nearest neighbor shrubs was not different between the 2 species, open space around L. californicus forms was greater than around S. audubonii forms. Lepus californicus forms were located under Larrea tridentata in proportion to its availability and more often than forms of S. audubonii, which were located under L. tridentata less often than it was available. These observations are consistent with concordant ensembles of adaptations in which S. audubonii is smaller, more sensitive to heat, and more inclined to hide rather than run from predators in comparison with L. californicus.


New research published today in the Journal of the American Heart Association, concluded that palliative measures can significantly lower the risk of repeated hospital admissions and the need for invasive procedures such as mechanical ventilation and defibrillator implantation.


The library of the Universita degli Studi Milano-Bicocca has adopted the Scout Portal Toolkit (SPT) open-source software to catalog, display, and share collections of data about web resources. The result was the creation of "LINX – Link e strumenti X la ricerca", which has a dedicated Earth Sciences section. LINX is a collection of free resources for education and research selected by the library staff and/or recommended by users: web sites, databases, virtual reference desks, repositories, etc. It is conceived as a place where all library patrons, and external users as well, can suggest and share resources. It is open to everybody, not just for browsing, but also for taking an active part in cataloging the resources. These resources are cataloged with simple and qualified Dublin Core Metadata Elements and classified in one or more categories or subcategories. LINX can be searched by resource title, author and keywords, and browsed by category. With LINX, the library offers its patrons, and scholars and researchers in general, a chance to share their bookmarks in an informal way, and help each other find their way among the many resources available on the net. A special feature of the LINX database is that it allows users not only to interact with library staff by recommending specific resources, but also to interact with each other by posting comments on the existing resources. To recommend a new resource, there is no need to register: users just have to fill in a dedicated form; library staff will then evaluate the resource, complete the description and publish it. Users will be notified when their record is published. Registration is required when users want to set alerts, rate resources and add comments: ratings and comments can be viewed by other users as well. LINX also has a page called "Risorse suggerite" for logged in users, where the system suggests other web resources according to the ratings given by the same user to existing records. University audience has the advantage of connecting to LINX from the familiar frame of the institutional library site, whose home page links directly to the database. The choice to include only free resources means that all the data are available to everybody at any time, regardless of location and user status. For the Earth Sciences domain, LINX means finding useful material such as cartography websites, directories of open access journals, repositories and websites of professional associations and institutions already selected and gathered in categories and subcategories. The Earth Sciences category is divided into several subcategories corresponding to more specific subjects, such as Mineralogy, Environmental Geology and Oceanography. The sense of community is fostered by the ability to suggest, rate and comment. In a context where scholars and researchers are struggling against information overload, even within a single discipline, LINX is the tool Bicocca has chosen to help its users find the right material for their needs.


Objective To investigate the treatment methods and effects of minitraumatic operation with cerebal hemorrhage.Method One hundred and twenty with patients cerebral hemorrage were randomly divided into two groups:minitraumatic operation group and controlled group.Results Compared with the controlled group,the cerebral hematoma absorptive rate was remarkably promoted in the operation group.The time of absorptive hematoma in the operation group was significantly earlier than that in the controlled group.There was significant difference between the two groups in the mortality rates.The mortality rates in the operation group and the controlled group was 20.0% and 41.7% respectively.The grade of the living abilities of the operation group was higher than that in controlled group after followed up for half a year(P0.01).The opportunity of operating was the period between 6h and 72h.Conclusion The treatment with minitraumatic operation on cerebral hemorrhage patients is very effective and may be considered the best choice.


This paper attempts to examine the relationship between exchange rates and IT stock prices. The data for the study was taken from the information of daily closing observations of the NSE CNX IT Index and the nominal Indian Rupee per US dollar exchange rates. The study was based on exchange rate of Indian rupee and US Dollar. Statistical tests were applied to study the behavior and dynamics of exchange rates. The results of the study indicate that, both CNX IT Nifty returns and Exchange Rates are not normally distributed. Also it was found that, time series; Exchange rate and CNX IT returns are stationary at the level form itself. A negative correlation is observed between CNX IT returns and Exchange Rates. The direction of influence between two series is verified by the Granger causality test and the results of the test states that Exchange rates, clearly, Granger cause the IT stocks whereas IT stocks prices cannot be said to direct the Exchange rates.


I. A general account of the physical and mental life of children. First half year. II. (a) The psychology of children of the kindergarten age or (b) the psychology of adolescence. Three weeks of second half year. III. The theory of mental development. Three weeks of the second half year. IV. Children as students of the school subjects. Four weeks of the second half year. V. The critical study of typical samples of work in child study. Six weeks of the second half year.


Nowadays, semiconductors and electronics are becoming part of our everyday activities. As the Integrated circuits become more useful to people, it also requires more function, which contain more complex and compact components. Aligned to this package requirement, the more challenging it become to package development as Silicon technology becomes more critical and complex from bare silicon to conventional MOS technology to Ultra Low-K, which requires a different strategy. The new process development in the Semiconductor industry is a necessity to cope up with these new technologies. Low-k devices always pose a big challenge in achieving good dicing quality. This is because of the weak mechanical properties of the low-k dielectric material used. Mechanical Sawing is the most popular cutting method for silicon, but with Ultra low-K technology, using mechanical sawing will lead to various sawing defects such as chippings and delamination [1,2]. These leads to the introduction of Laser Grooving to get rid of these dilemmas. Laser grooving uses heat to eradicate metals on this very thin metal wafer dicing saw streets in preparation for wafer saw process to prevent topside chippings and delamination/metal peel off [3]. These defects are not acceptable especially since the product application is a chip Original Research Article card. Since chip cards must be flexible and durable, they require higher die and package strength to serve its purpose. To achieve such package requirement, different method was evaluated such as standard mechanical dicing, standard Laser Grooving and the PI laser groove. The paper will discuss how we were able to achieve the quality requirement for Ultra Low the same time eliminating top reject contributor during startup of this device.


Aeration of pitching yeast signicantly increases the metabolism of acetate. This increase is particularly noticed at an enzymatic level, with special reference to the specific activity of the Fe+++ linked pyruvate de-carboxylase which has been shown to be involved in the production of acetic acid. At the beginning of fermentations carried out with aerobic and anaerobic pitching yeasts, an increase in acetic acid production is observed, this is followed by reabsorption. Stabilisation in the concentration of acetic acid is observed until the end of fermentation. Initial and final concentrations of acetic acid obtained during fermentations were significantly higher in fermentations carried out with aerobic pitching yeasts than in fermentations carried out with anaerobic pitching yeasts.


The objective of this growth chamber study was to evaluate the effect of adding N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) and dicyandiaminde (DCD) to urea fertilizer, on the physiology and growth of cotton (Gossypiumhirsutum L.) under normal and high temperatures. Treatments consisted of two day temperature regimes, 30°C and 38°C, and five nitrogen fertilization applications: unfertilized control, 125 kg ha−1 of urea, 93 kg ha−1 of urea, 93 kg ha−1 urea + NBPT, and 93 kg ha−1 urea + NBPT + DCD. The addition of NBPT to urea fertilizer had positive effects on leaf chlorophyll, leaf area, dry matter, nitrogen (N) uptake, and N use efficiency. The absence of a significant interaction effect indicated that N fertilization was not influenced by temperature. Deficiency of N significantly decreased leaf chlorophyll, increased glutathione reductase, decreased protein and increased leaf nitrate reductase. Physiological changes under high temperature included increased plant N uptake, glutamine synthetase, leaf chlorophyll, protein content, plant height and leaf area were due to high N uptake and utilization.


Bamboo charcoal conceivably has a higher enrichment capacity for heavy metal ions due to its microporos structure and large surface area. For the first time, the potential of bamboo charcoal to act as an adsorbent for the preconcentration of heavy metal ions in water samples was investigated. Cadmium and nickel were selected as the model analytes, and ICP-AES as the method for detection. Factors affecting the enrichment efficiency, such as the kind of eluent and its volume, flow rate, and pH were investigated and optimized. The limits of detection for cadmium and nickel are 0.3 and 0.5 ng mL-1, respectively. There is good linearity (RS≥0.9998) in the range from 1 to 200 ng mL-1. The relative standard deviations vary from 2.4 to 4.2% (n = 7). The method has been applied to the analysis of drinking water, and results indicate that bamboo charcoal has a large potential as a SPE adsorbent.


This meta-analysis evaluates the use of cumulative meta-analysis of rare events as a tool for safety monitoring of clinical trials using the example of coronary bioresorbable vascular scaffold–associated thrombosis.


This article examines the similarities between the New Zealand courts' analysis in recent tax avoidance cases and the international transfer pricing regime. We argue that the application of the parliamentary contemplation test provided by the Supreme Court shares many of the same features as the transfer pricing regime. In particular, the combination of economic analysis and market pricing referred to in recent cases suggests that the general anti-avoidance rules have, in effect, imposed on taxpayers a type of domestic transfer pricing regime. This requirement to demonstrate the commerciality of arrangements and provide evidence of market-based arrangements and pricing will inevitably create new uncertainties for New Zealand taxpayers.


Semantic Inhibition due to Short-Term Retention of Prime Words: The Prime-Retention Effect and a Controlled Center-Surround Hypothesis Eddy J. Davelaar (firstname.lastname@example.com) School of Psychology, Birkbeck, University of London Malet Street, WC1E 7HX, London, UK http://www.geocities.com/ejdavelaar has led to the view that the semantic priming effect is due to a fast-acting automatic process and a slow-acting controlled process (Neely, 1976, 1977, 1991). By varying the stimulus- onset-asynchrony (SOA) between the prime and the target, the relative contributions of these processes can be modulated. It is therefore assumed that with short SOAs the priming effect is predominantly due to automatic processes. However, this assumption has been challenged by behavioural and neuroimaging studies that show context effects at short SOAs (e.g., Mummery, Shallice & Price, 1999; Smith, Besner & Miyoshi, 1994). One theory that specifically addresses the possibility of controlling the spread of activation is the Center-Surround hypothesis by Dagenbach and Carr (1994). In a nutshell, the hypothesis states that there exists a mechanism that facilitates "the semantic code on which it is focused or centered while inhibiting surrounding codes, codes that are similar to but different from the desired code and are competing with it for retrieval" (p.328, italicised words were between quotes in original). Dagenbach and Carr's work was mainly focused on priming effects found at the threshold of subjective and objective awareness and was applied quite successfully in a model of negative priming (Houghton & Tipper, 1994). However, in the standard supra-threshold priming paradigm, the data does not seem to demand such on-center-off-surround mechanism. This may be because the prime word does not have to be actively maintained. An on-center-off-surround mechanism would be necessary under conditions of prime-retention. For example, when a task requires focusing on a particular word, the increased activation to that word would lead to more spread of activation, which would in turn compromise the attentional focus on the word, due to the now-activated distractors. Intuitively, we are able to focus on the word 'doctor' for several seconds without strongly activating related concepts like 'nurse', 'patient', 'hospital', 'medicine' and so on. Besides preventing a situation where the whole lexicon becomes activated, inhibitory mechanisms seem particularly relevant in situations of short-term retention where a robust focus is necessary (e.g., Grossberg, 1978). The view that will be pursued here is that there exists a trade-off between prime-activation and activation-spread, of which the balance depends on the task requirements. This hypothesis will be referred to as the Controlled Center- Surround hypothesis, implying that a controlled effort (i.e., deliberate active maintenance) needs to be made in order to observe the on-center-off-surround mechanism at supra- Abstract The semantic priming effect is shown to be modulated by the instruction to maintain the prime word while conducting a lexical decision to the target. Specifically, the priming effect is absent in situations of prime-retention. An extended version of Dagenbach and Carr's (1994) Center-Surround hypothesis is proposed, in which the prime-retention effect, the absence of priming under prime-retention, can be accommodated. This extended hypothesis suggests that under prime-retention, activation remains centered on the prime, preventing unwanted spread of activation. This impact of the on-center- off-surround mechanism increases over time, making it sensitive to manipulations of stimulus duration. Introduction In the field of memory, semantic priming is a basic paradigm used to investigate the processes that inter-relate conceptual representations in long-term memory. The basic result is reduced lexical decision times or naming latencies and improved accuracy to words (i.e., targets), when they are preceded by a related word (i.e., the prime) relative to control. The semantic priming effect is such a robust phenomenon that even the absence of priming is theoretically relevant, as can be seen by the large literature on the prime-task effect (the absence of priming when attention is allocated away from the semantic level, but is still within the verbal domain) (see for a review, Maxfield, 1997). The implied assumption in the priming literature seems to be that the more attention the prime word receives, the more priming is expected. This paper focuses on the counterintuitive observation that the semantic priming effect is absent when in a standard priming paradigm the prime has to be reported after making a lexical decision to a target. This observation will be referred to as the prime-retention effect, as it is the active retention of the prime in short-term memory that modulates the priming effect. Controlled Center-Surround Hypothesis There are a number of theories and models of priming, but for the present purposes the spreading-activation view of semantic priming will be addressed to highlight the need for auxiliary mechanisms to accommodate the to-be-presented data. In the standard spreading-activation theory, concepts in semantic memory are linked together to form a semantic network, with the strength of the connection between two concepts representing the strength of association. Extensive investigations into the nature of the semantic priming effect


The experimental treatments prepared without addition of red pumpkin powder in the burfi (control) (T0), incorporation of 15 per cent (T1), 17 per cent (T2) and 19 per cent red pumpkin powder in the burfi (T3), and 30 per cent sugar. The mean sensory score for colour and appearance, consistency, flavour and overall acceptability ranged from 7.2 to 8.1, 7.4 to 7.9, 7.5 to 8.2 and 7.4 to 8.2, respectively for the treatments T0, T1, T2 and T3. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications for preliminary and five replications for experimental trials.


OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and mechanism for salvia miltiorrhiza(SM) injection to prevent and treat cerebral vasospasm(CVS) associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH).METHODS:Eighty-nine patients with SAH were randomly assigned to receive SM injection(20 ml·d-1) q.d for 10 days plus routine therapy(treatment group,n=46) or routine therapy alone(control group,n=43).For both group,the medication was started within 48 hours' onset of disease.Serum levels of endothelin(ET) were determined by radioimmunoassay.RESULTS:At one month of treatment,the incidence and mortality(t) of CVS in the treatment group(4.5% for both) were lower than in the control group(16.5%),and the differences were significant(all P0.05).However,there was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of rehaemorrhagia(11.0% and 13.3,respectively,P0.05).Serum ET level in the treatment group was significantly lower than in the control group(P0.05 or P0.01).CONCLUSION:SM injection had confirmed therapeutic efficacy for CVS associated with SAH in that it can promote the recovery of neural function without increasing the risk of rehaemorrhagia.One of the mechanisms of it may be related to the downregulation of serum ET leve1.


The He  2++ molecular ion exposed to a strong ultrashort time‐dependent (TD) magnetic field of the order of 109 G is investigated through a quantum fluid dynamics (QFD) and current‐density functional theory (CDFT) based approach using vector exchange‐correlation (XC) potential and energy density functional that depend not only on the electronic charge‐density but also on the current density. The TD‐QFD‐CDFT computations are performed in a parallel internuclear‐axis and magnetic field‐axis configuration at the field‐free equilibrium internuclear separation R = 1.3 au with the field‐strength varying between 0 and 1011 G. The TD behavior of the exchange‐ and correlation energy of the He  2++ is analyzed and compared with that obtained using a [B‐TD‐QFD‐density functional theory (DFT)] approach based on the conventional TD‐DFT under similar computational constraints but using only scalar XC potential and energy density functional dependent on the electronic charge‐density alone. The CDFT based approach yields TD exchange‐ and correlation energy and TD electronic charge‐density significantly different from that obtained using the conventional TD‐DFT based approach, particularly, at typical magnetic field strengths and during a typical time period of the TD field. This peculiar behavior of the CDFT‐based approach is traced to the TD current‐density dependent vector XC potential, which can induce nonadiabatic effects causing retardation of the oscillating electronic charge density. Such dissipative electron dynamics of the He  2++ molecular ion is elucidated by treating electronic charge density as an electron‐"fluid" in the terminology of QFD. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011


1. In this study, the patients with mild infection were treated as inpatients. In the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guideline, mild infection patients could be treated as outpatients. However, most of the diabetic foot patients in our area are unaware of the severity of this disease, and they usually would not go to see a doctor in time. In addition, the outpatients with mild infection are also unable to comply with an appropriate outpatient treatment. For the above-mentioned reasons, we find that the condition of most of the patients with mild infection will worsen to more serious infection. Therefore, for patients with mild infection in our area, we tend to give treatment as inpatients. 2. In both the CAG and DAG groups, there are mild and moderate/severe infection patients. So we think it is more reasonable and helpful to give the average duration of antibiotic therapy for different infection degrees. For all the patients, the antibiotic therapy is according to the IDSA guideline. The detailed duration of antibiotic therapy is provided in Table 1. And when the signs and symptoms of infection have resolved after comprehensive treatment, patients were randomized into CAG (continuing antibiotics group) and DAG (discontinuing antibiotics group) in sequence. 3. In this study, we used the IDSA criteria to define infection. While for defining the resolution and recurrence of infection, we first refer to the signs and symptoms of infection, such as systemic inflammatory response signs (fever, chills), local infection signs (erythema, swelling, warmth, and pain), purulent discharge and necrotic tissue, and granulation tissue. This is consistent with the IDSA criteria. In addition, we also take into account the serological examination and bacterial culture results. These criteria could help us evaluate the infection resolution and recurrence thoughtfully.


This paper presents an adaptive sensor activation for target tracking in wireless sensor networks by dynamically adjusting the range of sensor selective activation instead of fixed one. A closed-loop control algorithm for the range of adaptive sensor activation is designed according to the online feedback of the tracking quality. The failed tracking case can also be handled by the proposed algorithm. Extensive simulation results show that the adaptive sensor activation achieves higher performance in terms of tracking effect and energy efficiency.


A quasi-geostrophic intermediate complexity model is considered, providing a schematic representation of the baroclinic conversion processes which characterize the physics of the mid-latitudes atmospheric circulation. The model is relaxed towards a given latitudinal temperature profile, which acts as baroclinic forcing, controlled by a parameter TE determining the forced equator-to-pole temperature gradient. As TE increases, a transition takes place from a stationary regime to a periodic regime, and eventually to an earth-like chaotic regime where evolution takes place on a strange attractor. The dependence of the attractor dimension, metric entropy, and bounding box volume in phase space is studied by varying both TE and model resolution. The statistical properties of observables having physical relevance, namely the total energy of the system and the latitudinally averaged zonal wind, are also examined. It is emphasized that while the attractor's properties are quite sensitive to model resolution, the global physical observables depend less critically on it. For more detailed physical observables, such as the latitudinal profiles of the zonal wind, model resolution again may be critical: the effectiveness of the zonal wind convergence, acting as barotropic stabilization of the baroclinic waves, heavily relies on the details of the latitudinal structure of the fields. The necessity and complementarity of both the dynamical systems and physical approach is underlined.


Various optimization problems for linear parabolic systems with multiple constant time delays are considered. In this paper, we consider an optimal distributed control problem for a linear parabolic system in which multiple constant time delays appear in the state equation. Sufficient conditions for the existence of a unique solution of the parabolic time delay equation with the Neumann boundary condition are proved. The time horizon T is fixed. Making use of the Lions scheme [10], necessary and sufficient conditions of optimality for the Neumann problem with the quadratic performance functional with pointwise observation of the state and constrained control are derived. The example of application is also presented.


The belief by forensic mentors and competitors that speaking order influences competitive outcomes is not new. Concern about order effects was significant enough to prompt Franklin Knower to investigate the issue four decades ago, and that concern still exists today. Tournament lore is replete with stories of competitors, sometimes at the urging of a coach, arriving late to a round of competition. While some lack of punctuality is due to double and triple entries, some competitors try to improve their speaking position and, hence, the critic's evaluation. But does speaking order really influence competitive outcomes? To answer this question we will review the available research findings on order effects in forensic competition. We know of four studies that address the issue of order effects. Those studies have produced seemingly inconsistent and contradictory findings. A closer examination of the research, however, indicates that the findings are consistent, and that the impact of speaking order is weak. Our discussion of the body of research will progress chronologically. A brief discussion of each study will be presented and followed by a summary of the research findings.


In 2010 and 2011 a fractured Supreme Court handed down two consecutive decisions that, yet again, addressed, but did not resolve, perennially vexing questions about where to strike the balance in judicial federalism in both the intra-state "Erie" context – in Shady Grove Orthopedic Associates v. Allstate Insurance Company (2010) – and the inter-state and international context of personal jurisdiction – in J. McIntyre Machinery, Ltd. v. Nicastro (2011). In each case, a plurality opinion followed a rigidly formalist approach, a dissenting opinion adopted a functional approach, and a concurring opinion limited the precedential reach of the plurality's strictly formalist approach. These decisions are the latest in the Court's ongoing struggle to develop an approach to "Erie" and personal jurisdiction doctrine that is principled enough to provide guidance to practitioners and lower courts, yet flexible enough to adapt to changing social, political, and economic reality. These decisions offer a unique opportunity to contrast the functional and dysfunctional roles of formalism in calibrating the appropriate judicial balance of power in vertical and horizontal federalism and, most pertinent to this Symposium, to evaluate the Nicastro opinions through the formalist-functionalist prism. This article's thesis is that formalism and functionalism are not mutually exclusive dogma but represent complementary aspects of decisionmaking. Each approach, as well as a balanced blend of each, can offer something of value to the decisionmaking process in the appropriate doctrinal context. Shady Grove's formalist defense of rules uniformity offers an example of the functional use of formalism in federalism. Nicastro, by contrast, illustrates its dysfunctional use.I propose that the concurring and dissenting Justices could have achieved a functionally fair result and, at the same time, made incremental progress toward adapting the Court's state-court jurisdiction jurisprudence to the realities of global commerce by adopting a modified formalist approach. This approach stakes a pragmatic middle position on the formalist-functionalist continuum between the rigid sovereignty principle of Nicastro's plurality and the free-form fairness inquiry espoused by the dissent. This proposal avoids the negative aspects, but retains the functional benefits, of formalism and functionalism consistent with International Shoe's reformist model of adapting personal jurisdiction precedent incrementally to ever-changing commercial and technological realities.


OBJECTIVE The present analysis was conducted to make a preliminary evaluation of health status of the population around the Three Gorges Dam after it was used for water storage. METHODS The changes in health resources, data on birth and death as well as prevalence of infectious and endemic diseases, information about biologic medium rats and mosquitoes form surveillance, and reported data on emergency public health events in the surveillance sites around the Three Gorges Dam area were consecutively collected, and comprehensively analyzed. RESULTS After Three Gorges Dam reservoir stored water, reservoir monitoring points average fertility rates of people for the 5.91‰, mortality rates of people for the 6.37‰, The natural increase rate of people for the -0.46‰; the infant mortality rate showed a downward trend, Life expectancy for the 80.6 years old; Little change in per capita health resources; Incidence of infectious diseases was increased year by year trend, the top 5 for tuberculosis, viralhepatitis, dysentery, gonorrhea, measles. CONCLUSLON It is concluded that the health status of population and the affecting factors have had obvious change since the Three Gorges Dam began to store water.


This paper is mainly Chinese traditional "beaded"technology in fashion design research and practice based on the innovative use of shape,structure,material,process,pattern,and to clarify the significance into the traditional technology in fashion design. Mainly through the opposite state of icesnow and fire as a design inspiration and an aesthetic object embodied Chinese north-south climate,and to perform that the modern dress style and the secondary design of Chinese traditional bead embroider art.Illustrated the significance introducing Chinese traditional aircraft in clothing design,and explain the fusion of chinese traditional aircraft and modern design and philosophical thinking. Finally,advocacy with national and world cultural's clothing style.


Based on our review, it appears fair to infer that substantive differences in long-term outcome with PD compared with in-center HD have not been documented. PD may offer a slight advantage in younger, nondiabetic patients in the early phase of renal replacement therapy. Nevertheless, PD is not an advantageous option for that large cohort of the dialysis population in the United States comprised of elderly patients with diabetes.


Objectives: In order to improve the accessibility of healthcare services in remote mountainous areas and offshore islands, the Bureau of National Health Insurance (BNHI) in Taiwan have been implementing an Integrated Delivery System since 1999. The new delivery model has certainly created impact to the local healthcare utilization patterns. In this study, the impacts of different IDS models were analyzed and compared. Finally, domestic as well as international experiences of delivering healthcare services to remote areas were also discussed. Methods: Outpatient claim data of four IDS service areas were extracted from the dataset of BNHI, including Ali Mountain and Dabu Village of Chiayi County and Chimei and Wanan of Punghu County. Healthcare utilization patterns, including total number of in- and out-valliage visists, total amount of outpatient claimed, and proportion of out-village visits, were compared among these four areas during the period from January of 1999 to June of 2001. Results: In Ali-Mountain, there has been no significant change in the total number of visits and amount of outpatient claimed before and after IDS. The number of in-village visits appeared to decrease since the introduction of IDS. However, the proportion of in-village visit increased slightly in the services that have been provided by the IDS in the village. The total number of outpatient visits in Dabu Village has increased from 1000 per year to 350 per months after IDS. However, the proportion of in-village visit did not increase. In Chimei, the total number of visits was ten times higher than that in the mountainous areas, especially among the residents over 65 years old. The total amount of out-patient claimed in Chimei was 1.8 to 2 times higher than that on the mountainous ares. However, there have been only 2000 individuals visiting the IDS clinic, far less than the numbers in the Ali Mountain. The average number of visits per person and the proportion of in-village visits were both higher than those in the mountainous areas. The total number of visits, the amount of out-patient claimed, the average number of visits were the highest in Wanan Village. Conclusions: Base on the evaluation, we suggest that the healthcare delivery and operation system in remote areas should (1) adjust service models and contents if operation encounters difficulties; (2) establish healthcare service network through strategic alliance among hospitals; (3) consider every possible source of financial support; (4) improve the understanding of local environment; (5) build up local personnel network; (6) construct cooperation relationship with local healthcare facility; (7) appropriately manage healthcare professionals; (8) designed localized and customized services; and (9) improve local travel infrastructure.


Abstract The genus Awara Boucek, 1988 is transferred from the Eulophinae (Euplectrini) to the Tetrastichinae. Diagnostic characters are given to distinguish it from other tetrastichine genera.


The work describes a system built on an existing database supporting at high level both data analyses and decision making in a humanistic environment with particular reference to the Italian cultural heritage. The user, a researcher or a scholar, may formulate queries, no matter how complex they are, aided by a friendly windowing interface. To achieve this purpose, he is able to define an appropriate data classification developing an impossible-to-foresee research strategy. In order to analyse the data, the system provides a set of relational-like operations. A sample of the possible applications of our approach to problems such as research analyses and planning in the environment of cultural institutions (museums, art exhibitions, and so on) has been shown.


New bis(ferrocenecarbonyl)-, bis(ferrocenyl)- and dibenzyl-appended diazatetrathia mixed-donor macrocyclic ligands L1, L2 and L3 have been prepared. Copper-(II) and -(I) complexes of these ligands have been isolated and characterised. Single-crystal X-ray structures of 7,16-bis(ferrocenemethyl)-1,4,10,13-tetrathia-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane (L2) and of its copper(I) complex [CuL2]PF6 have also been determined. Electrochemical investigations reveal the respective ferrocene–ferrocenium redox couples of ligands L1 and L2 are perturbed to more positive potentials on co-ordination of the copper(II) ion. These copper(II) complexes also exhibit quasi-reversible copper(II)–copper(I) redox couples at negative potentials (versus saturated calomel electrode).


From "The Feminine Mystique" to "Shrill," this guide offers a look at the most important books to read about feminism.


In 1994, Brunei Darussalam adopted an inclusive educational policy and began a number of educational reforms to support the implementation of inclusion within the regular mainstream education system. These reforms include teacher education, which has witnessed the establishment and expansion of training and education opportunities for teachers to equip themselves with the knowledge and skills to promote inclusion at pre-service and in-service levels. This paper begins by describing how teacher education has changed over the past decade to support and promote inclusive education in Brunei Darussalam. It describes the multi-pronged strategy adopted by the Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Institute of Education (SHBIE) to include the component of inclusive education within its teacher education programmes. Relevant research conducted by the academic community at the SHBIE to evaluate the quality of inclusion efforts as well as to inform the further development and implementation of the inclusive educational policy is also shared.


This paper reviews the birth and development of "farmer workers" as a social colony,finds that the problems faced by the "farmer worker" social colony have common characteristics in every stage of history and holds that the origin of the problem of farmer workers is that the dependence on agriculture formed by long-term agricultural society makes the governments in every dynasty tend to prevent farmers from changing their professions randomly. At present the essence of the problem of farmer workers is that farmer workers have made great contribution to the construction of our country but have been treated unfairly. The focus of the farmer worker problem is that farmer workers should be given fair treatment and enjoy the same rights as urban workers.


To ascertain the association between self‐report of low mood and unobtrusively measured behaviors (walking speed, time out of residence, frequency of room transitions, and computer use) in community‐dwelling older adults using novel monitoring technologies.


Ab initio calculations at the MP2 level show that the CH3−Hg bond is broken by halogenic acids by a one-step mechanism, proceeding through a closed transition state in which, however, bond forming and breaking are not completely synchronous. Activation energies closely parallel Hg−C bond strengths and are strongly influenced by the electronegativity of the ligands bound to Hg. For instance, the energy barrier decreases by roughly 50% on going from CH3HgCl to CH3HgCH3. The general agreement between computed and experimental trends gives further support to the reaction mechanism.


where p,q > 1 and u(x,0) = u0(x), v(x,0) = v0(x), x ∈ R. Systems like (1.1) and (1.2) will be called degenerate and singular, respectively. Several authors have addressed this problem recently: we refer the interested reader to the papers by Levine [4] and Deng and Levine [1] for a survey of the literature on this subject. In the proofs we follow the technique developed by Mitidieri and Pohozaev in [6, 7], which allows to prove the nonexistence of not necessarily positive solutions avoiding the use of any comparison principle through the choice of suitable text functions and careful capacitary estimates. We emphasize that in the present paper we do not assume any sign condition on the solutions, while we ask that the initial data have the following weak weighted positivity property:


In several countries, deaf communities adopt the sign language as their official and natural language. This fact inserts a new field for the software application development that can improve sign language dissemination and social inclusion of deaf people. Alphabetic character-based applications, like games and educational softwares, can be adapted to run as fingerspelling-based applications, in which the inputs are signs (static images or videos) rather than letters (typed letters). In this paper, we present a Pattern Recognition Module, implemented by Committee Machine, for fingerspelling applications. The committee experts are built with supervised and unsupervised Fuzzy Learning Vector Quantization models using the "boosting by filtering" strategy. The module was tested in a specific sign language context considering hand configurations and hand movements.


In the perspective of Original Sin theory,this article criticizes the function of the mass media in city,and tries to analyze the far-reaching negative impact of mass media on city spirit.The essence of Original Sin theory is the profound reflection on human egocentrism.Post-modern cities have long been the subjects of cultural criticism.Mass media not only reflects and satisfies primitive human desires,but also creates and advocates new desires.This has resulted in the development of numerous abnormal cities in the world featuring in wrath,greed,sloth,pride,lust,envy,and gluttony,which may accelerates the erosion of human nature by city desires.


Shale gas resources in mainland China and its commercial exploitation has been widely focused on the Wufeng–Longmaxi Formation organic-matter-rich shale in the Sichuan Basin. However, whether southwestern margin of the Sichuan Basin can produce high-quality shale gas has not been well resolved, which might be related to the poor understanding of the relationship between Cenozoic tectonic deformation and shale gas preservation. To answer the aforementioned scientific question, we conducted a detailed work in the Mugan area to show geologic structures and gas contents in the area through seismic profiles and geochemistry analysis. Specifically, the stable Mugan syncline shows a high gas content (>2.6 m3/t measured at three boreholes D1, D2, and D3), whereas its periphery presents a poor gas content (about 0.6 m3/t measured at two boreholes X1 and Y1). Moreover, oblique fracture density and dissolved pores are much higher at boreholes X1 and Y1 than that at the other three boreholes. We propose an opposite-verging thrust fault model to explain the different gas contents and tectonic features in the Mugan area, which might indicate that regions in the southwestern Sichuan Basin with similar tectonic and stratigraphic characteristics as those in the Mugan syncline are likely to produce high-yield shale gas. This finding provides new insights into the exploration theory of shale gas in the Tibetan Plateau.


Purpose
This study aims to simultaneously examine the influence of demographic, psychographic and situational factors on consumers' willingness to pay a price premium (WTPp) for robotic restaurants and to profile market segments based on consumers' WTPp levels (positive, neutral and negative).

Design/methodology/approach
Using an online survey, the data were gathered from a sample of 897 Thai consumers who had dined at a robotic restaurant in the past 12 months. Structural equation modeling, chi-square tests and the one-way analysis of variance were used for data analysis.

Findings
Demographic (gender, age, income and marital status), psychographic (perceived advantages/disadvantages, personal innovativeness and personality traits) and situational factors (perceived health risk and self-protection behavior) significantly influence consumers' WTPp for robotic restaurants. The positive price premium group differs significantly from the neutral and negative price premium groups in terms of demographic, psychographic and situational profiles.

Practical implications
The findings of this study help restaurateurs target the correct customers and set up appropriate price fences to safeguard profits and maximize return on investment.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature on technology-based services and hospitality by heeding the calls made by Ivanov and Webster (2021) and providing much-needed empirical evidence of possible changes in consumers' WTPp for robot-delivered services in restaurants due to COVID-19.


Abstract The paper presents an analysis of the hydrological risk parameters registered in June 2016 in the catchment area of the Tazlăul Sărat River. The studies and researches were carried out on the upper course of the river, in the area between Zemeş and Toderaş, the commune of Zemeş, Bacau county. The river basin of the Tazlăul Sărat River has been affected by several floods in recent years. The floods have morphologically modified the minor and the major river bed, which has influenced the stability of the county road and the river construction. The study focused on the analysis of precipitation and liquid flows over a period of 20 years. Processing of liquid flow data revealed more flood flows in the same year. In 2016 there was a flow of 342 m3 / s (probability of 3%). The effects of the floods have materialized through the excessive degradation of shore defence works until their total destruction. The degradation of shore defence works has contributed to breaking the county road and limiting the road traffic. Parameters of hydroclimatic risk highlighted by research impose special conditions when designing shore defence works and protecting the road adjacent to the river.


This paper provides a guideline for the practical use of the semi-parametric technique of quantile regression, concentrating on cross-section applications. It summarizes the most important issues in quantile regression applications and fills some gaps in the literature. The paper (a) presents several alternative estimators for the covariance matrix of the quantile regression estimates; (b) reviews the results for a sequence of quantile regression estimates; and (c) discusses testing procedures for homoskedasticity and symmetry of the error distribution. The various results in the literature are incorporated into the generalized method of moments frame-work. The paper also provides an empirical example using data from the Current Population Survey, raising several important issues relevant to empirical applications of quantile regression. The paper concludes with an extension to the censored quantile regression model.


The screening of high-producing strains is a bottleneck in bioengineering. Although some of the high yield strains can be selected by comparing the color of cell colonies with eyes, the eyeballing method was rough and irrational. A practical strain selection method has been developed by sensing cellular metabolite in cell colonies with RGB color test system, which allows a better characterization of stains. The color of Phaffia rhodozyma cell colonies was measured by RGB color test system and RGB value of cell colonies' colors was employed to estimate the content of astaxanthin in cells. With this platform, the high-producing strains were selected by comparing the RGB value of cell colonies. The method of sensing cellular metabolite in cell colonies with RGB color test system provides a new approach for high-throughput screening of desired strain.


The State Duma of the third and fourth convocations were represented by a wide range of factions, among which were intermediate groups, namely nationalists and Octobrists, conservative-liberal and liberal-conservative, respectively. In historical science, it is generally accepted that the only allies of the Octobrists (in the full sense of the word) were the All-Russian National Union. The purpose of the article is to determine the specifics of the relationship between Octobrists and nationalists in the III State Duma and in the Duma of the fourth convocation. The study is based on an array of sources on the work of both state dooms, as well as on articles and monographs on this issue. Based on the analysis of these sources and special literature, the main areas of activity of the two factions, the places of their rapprochement, the reasons for the separation of nationalists from the right-wing forces were identified. The work of the III State Duma is connected with the fact that not a liberal majority was formed, but the right, but at the heart of it was not the extreme right, but the October-nationalist bloc, but its stability was very controversial. The novelty of the study is a systematic and multilateral study of all the specifics of relations between the Union of October 17 and the All-Russian National Union, which may call into question the full solidarity of these factions on all issues from the III State Duma to 1917.


With the development of the light-punishment movement of criminal justice,mediation in pertaining civil action to criminal procedure enjoys high favor among judicial practices in recent years.Inadequate attention,however,given by both criminal legislation and civil legislation,resulted in many problems in the operation of the system,which influences its proper functioning.The mediation in pertaining civil action to criminal procedure being so much different from that in general civil action,particular mediation procedural rules should be instituted in the legislative amendments of criminal procedure law.


Objective To summerize the experiences of using random flaps to reconstruct soft tissue defects of the periorbital region.Methods Periorbital soft tissue defects in 65 patients underwent reconstruction surgery by random flaps with pedicle 1.0~2.5 cm in width.The length of the flap ranged from 1.0 cm to 3.5 cm,with the rate of length to width less than 2.5∶1.Detail plans on flap and incision design were made based on the aesthetic and functional problems.Results Phenomena of blister and purplish red in the edge or the distal area of the flaps were observed in 3 cases,and were disappeared after corresponding treatment.The other flaps survived and the wound healed primarily after operation.The color and the texture of the flaps matched well to the adjacent tissues with satisfied function and aesthetic results.Conclusion Random flap is an ideal substitute to repair periorbital soft tissue defects.


A new approach to producing low sideband pattern levels in time-modulated linear arrays is presented. The technique uses a switching sequence which is time-symmetric within the switching period. Numerical examples are presented to compare the proposed approach to conventional switching schemes for a 16 element linear array with predefined −30dB Taylor weights.


T he Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) program was born as a response from presidential instruction (I npres ) no. 6 / 2007 about policy acceleration real sector development and empowerment of micro business, small, and medium enterprises, especially the reform of the financial sector. Expected the KUR program could alleviate poverty in line with the master plan for acceleration and extension the reduction of poverty level in I ndonesia (MP3KI) . In the implementation of the funds, or the implementation of the program there are three important pillars namely: a government that serves help and support the implementation of the provision of credit and credit insurance debtors, as well as the preparation of a candidate company warrantor who act as surety for credit/ financing already channeled by banks, and banking as recipients of assurance well-functioned channeling credits to UMKM and cooperatives by the use of internal funds each executing bank . The business of which were financed with the funding for the kur program was a productive feasible, but had not bankable. The kur program continue to increase the performance of distribution Keywords : Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR)


Bacteriocins were antibacterial activity protein or peptide produced by lactic acid bacteria,and they were identified with great potential as natural food bio-preservative because of their strongly antibacterial activity against food borne pathogens and spoilage organism.In this review,the development of the application of bacteriocin as preservative in food industry was reviewed.The existing problems and future research consideration were pointed out.


The major design considerations encountered in adapting the DAP-510 processor with GaAs and the operational improvements of the GaAs high-speed parallel processor are presented. Studies indicate that the DAP-510 unit is capable of processing radio navigation signals in dense environments exceeding 100,000 pulses/sec. The processor comprises 1024 single-bit, concurrent processor elements arranged in a 32- by 32-element array. The processor memory is designed to have 65,536 bit planes of data memory and 1 Mbyte of instruction memory.


The invention discloses an automobile ABS (Antilock Brake System) virtual reality simulation system, which belongs to the technical field of computer control. According to the invention, the system comprises a virtual simulation system, an ABS simulation stand and model resources. The virtual simulation system is loaded with the model resources to establish a virtual testing environment; the simulation data and a control signal are transmitted to the virtual simulation system in real time by using the ABS simulation stand; and the virtual simulation system drives a virtual automobile to carryout starting, accelerating, steering, braking and other actions according to the simulation data and the control signal so as to finish the ABS virtual simulation test. By using the virtual simulation system disclosed by the invention, the yawing, side tilting and other behaviors of the automobile during braking can be simulated so that the ABS simulation process is more intuitive and realistic; a simulation curve is drawn by using important parameters in the braking process; after once simulation is finished, the parameters can be reconfigured to carry out next simulation; therefore, the virtual simulation system is a complete simulation testing system.


In the fields of adult literacy and adult learning, most researchers have focused on the acquisition of various skills and abilities. Very little attention has been devoted to skill retention. Without more research information, however, it is difficult to know whether the literacy skills learned in America's adult education programs are likely to be retained for very long. This report is a literature review that covers what is known about (a) cognitive skill retention across the life span, (b) studies of literacy and basic skills retention, and (c) policy implications of skill retention work. The main conclusion of the report is that while much is known about fields related to that of literacy retention, very little research has been done directly on the topic and serious work needs to be undertakne soon. A set of questions to guide future work in this area is provided in the final section of the report.


English is one of the widely used international languages for communication among the nations. Therefore people needs to master the language both in speaking as well as writing and reading. In Indonesia, the mastery of this foreign language is still poor. Thus it is imperative to teach students this language since the elementary school. But, at this time the existing methods of teaching and learning process in the school has not been able to produce the expected quality. Even many students are not interested to learn it. 64% of the students score are below standard, and 67% of the students are not motivated to study hard. The objective of this study is to develop the Kansei Board Game to improve student's motivation in learning English effectively. Kansei Engineering Type 1 method is used to determine design specification based on user's feelings and emotions. A survey was conducted to identify the words of Kansei, while a statistical analysis is used to validate the hypotheses of the proposed design. The study showed that the method for teaching and learning process by using the Kansei board games is valid to meet user criteria and can increase motivation for students in learning English.


Protocol conformance test is used to verify the conformance of the protocol implementation.The conformance relation is the foundation of the test generation.A mount of data are usually carried in the control messages in network protocols.A symbolic model of conformance relation is proposed in this paper for this property.Firstly,an input/output symbol transition system(IOSTS) for network protocols is set up.A corresponding semantic model is established according to the policy of data symbol instantiation.In this model,the activities of system are integrated of controls and data.Secondly,a symbolic conformance relation for test suite generation is given based on IOSTS.Finally,this conformance relation is simplified for automatically generating test suite.All data processes are modeled with symbolic variables so that data are not manipulated in real values but in uniform symbols.The symbols are instanced only if necessary.In this way,the abstract level of model is improved.The complexity of processes is also reduced and test suite can be generated much more automatically.Neighbor discovery protocol in IPv6 protocols is used to demonstrate the symbolic conformance relation.


The purpose of this study was to check the position of each baseball team cheer leader depending on the image property with regard to how professional baseball team spectators recognize and evaluate the cheer leader of each baseball team on the basis of the properties constituting the image of each baseball team cheer leader. In the study result, the stress value was close to 0 which indicates that the data were considered as suitable. When considering the similarity between baseball teams depending on the image property of cheer leader, the most similar baseball teams were Samsung and Hanhwa (.297) and the most different baseball teams were SK and Nexen (2.253). The result of analysis using the property line through regression coefficient and property vector revealed that SK cheer leader`s image was highest in all image property factors and Nexen cheer leader`s image was lowest.


Cadaveric organ donation in Australia has been at one of the lower rates (10 to 11 per million population) in the western world for some years. The State of South Australia created a new South Australian Organ Donation Agency (SAODA), based on the Spanish model of organ donation that started operations in 1996. Over the subsequent 3 1/2 years, the SAODA has resulted in a substantial increase in donor rates in South Australia to a level double that of the rest of Australia.


A nondestructive detection method for steel plate defects is presented based on Barkhausen effect.According to the skin effect,the defects of ferromagnetic material in serial different layer can be detected by using a frequency-changeable driving magnetic field.By observing the values of Barkhausen noise in different frequency,the inflection point of Barkhausen sweep curve is analysed for detecting the defects.The experiment results show that the air interstice defects of Q235 steel plate can be detected by using this method.


Aggravated punishment of online defamation fails to take into account the positive characteristics of cyberspace. Furthermore, criminal penalty for defamation by publicly alleging facts violates the freedom of speech. Even if such limitation of constitutional right is constitutional, economic analysis(cost-benefit analysis) of the defamation law suggests the inefficiency of criminal punishment of defamation with factual basis. Unlike decriminalization, the revision of the criminal punishment neither contributes to preventing the chilling effect as the possibility of criminal punishment still remains nor does comply with the doctrine of void-for-vagueness.Compensation for damages in defamation cases is still needed in spite of the decriminalization of online defamation. However, introduction of punitive damages for online defamation seems to be unnecessary as current civil remedies such as claim for damages or right to prohibit are effective enough. Considering the purpose of decriminalization, non-criminal remedies for online defamation under the Act on Promotion of Information and Communication Network Utilization and Information, on the other hand, need to be reformed, especially to prevent the executive intervention in the judicial functions.


As a member of a team of people providing support to Alaskans who experience a developmental disability, I have been privileged to live and work in a setting which allows for constant reflection on the principles and concepts of applied anthropology. Among its other lessons, anthropology prepared me to realize that colonialism has not been directed only at foreign nations but can be seen operating in contemporary dealings with Native American and other minority groups and even in relations with the developmentally disabled. It showed me that the educational system is a powerful tool for both enculturation and acculturation, and that education can limit the development of individual potential as well as promoting it. It gave me an evolutionary perspective on human behavior which is a constant reminder of the importance of belonging to a community and the importance of having socially valued roles.


Two strains of Clostridium perfringens grew in a chemically defined medium consisting of L-tryptophan, L-arginine, L-glutamic acid, L-histidine HC1, L-leucine, DL-threonine, DLphenylalanine, DL-tryrosine, DL-valine, L-cystine, ascorbic acid, Ca d-pantothenate, pyridoxine, biotin, adenine HCI, glucose, salts and mercaptoacetic acid. Alanine, aspartic acid and methionine were highly stimulatory but not essential for growth. Growth did not occur in the absence of glucose, but other fermentable carbohydrates were not tested. Acetone, isopropyl alcohol, succinic acid, acetic acid, butanol, butyric acid, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, oxaloacetic acid or acetaldehyde did not eliminate the requirement for glucose. Methionine was required for sporulation ; one strain also required riboflavin, isoleucine, serine and lysine. Butanol increased the degree of sporulation in a complex thioglycolate medium. Failure of CI. perfringens to sporulate in inadequately buffered media containing glucose was shown to be caused by the high H-ion concentration developing in the culture medium. In addition, some possible end-products of glucose metabolism such as lactic acid, oxaloacetic acid and acetaldehyde, reduced sporulation in one strain appreciably.


The diversity of our discipline continues to astonish. Call yourself an archaeologist, and you could do any of these things: wonder what mitigation is about while on a wet watching brief, contemplate a beautiful object brought in by a metal detectorist, engage with past and present politics, or have higher order thoughts on the origins of human creativity. You might even be reviewing books, hopefully finding it more of a pleasure than George Orwell, who considered it 'a quite exceptionally thankless, irritating and exhausting job.'


Highlights:

• Citizens are highly motivated to contribute to air quality measure- ments that complement
existing measurement networks because of their high spatio-temporal resolution;

• Data needs to be assimilated, for example, using models;

• Low-cost sensors need to be developed further, and their applica- tion calibrated and
validated;

• Easily accessible expert information and feedback is needed to sup- port participants;

• Environment protection agencies (EPAs) can both support and

benefit from citizen science using small sensor networks.


A simple and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of various pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines by using microwave irradiation under solvent-free conditions. The advantages of applying microwave irradiation compared with the classical method were demonstrated. The structures of all the compounds were confirmed by the usual techniques and, in two cases, by X-ray analysis. The compounds did not display appreciable ability to inhibit xanthine oxidase activity. Screening for antifungal activity showed that some derivatives were active against four fungi, with more significant results for Botrytis.


PURPOSE: To obtain a product contg. an epoxide functional group in a high yield by epoxidizing an olefin. CONSTITUTION: An olefin is epoxidized with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a crystalline titanium silicalite zeolite catalyst having a relatively high titanium content. The objective epoxide is obtd. in a high yield with minimal non- selective loss of either hydrogen peroxide or olefin. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO


Warpage of multi-layered printed circuit boards (PCB) during the reflow process is a serious problem which affects the reliability of solder ball connections between the PCB and the mounted semi-conductor packages in electronic devices. It is essential to predict the warpage of the PCB accurately; however, the complicated copper patterns in multi-layered PCBs render a full modeling analysis impossible due to the excessive computing time required. To overcome this problem, we have developed analytical equations of three Cu patterns (line, square, and grid) for the application of thermo-mechanical properties simply by equivalent modeling of Cu patterns. In the proposed equations, the effect of thermo-viscoelastic properties as well as the influence of surrounding layers such as woven glass fabric/BT (bismaleimide triazine), composite laminate (BT core), and photoimageable solder resist (PSR) were considered. To verify the developed equations, vibration tests based on the wave propagation approach were performed at various temperatures. Good agreement was observed between the equivalent model and the experimental results.


Background Understanding neural selectivity is essential for optimizing medical applications of deep brain stimulation (DBS). We previously showed that modulation of the DBS waveform can induce changes in orientation-based selectivity, and that lengthening of DBS pulses or directional segmentation can reduce preferential selectivity for large axons. In this work, we sought to answer a simple, but important question: how do the size and shape of the contact influence neural selectivity? Methods We created multicompartment neuron models for several axon diameters and used finite element modeling with standard-sized cylindrical leads to determine the effects on changing contact size and shape on axon activation profiles and volumes of tissue activated. Contacts ranged in size from 0.04 to 16 mm2, compared with a standard size of 6 mm2. Results We found that changes in contact size induce substantial changes in orientation-based selectivity in the context of a cylindrical lead, and rectangular shaping of the contact can alter this selectivity. Smaller contact sizes were more effective in constraining neural activation to small, nearby axons representative of grey matter. However, micro-scale contacts enable only limited spread of neural activation before exceeding standard charge density limitations; further, energetic efficiency is optimized by somewhat larger contacts. Interpretations Small-scale contacts are optimal for constraining stimulation in nearby grey matter and avoiding orientation-selective activation. However, given charge density limitations and energy inefficiency of micro-scale contacts, our results suggest that contacts about half the size of those on segmented clinical leads may optimize efficiency and charge density limitation avoidance.


Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) simulation-based research is an involved process driven by the scenarios used in the simulations. Scenarios must be properly constructed in order to be effective in evaluating the performance of routing protocols. For example, in scenarios with a low average hop count, little routing is needed, and poor protocols will appear successful. On the other hand, in scenarios with a high degree of partitioning, many pairs of nodes have no usable route between them, and good protocols will appear unsuccessful. We surveyed articles published at the MobiHoc Conference (2000-2005) and found that many of them used simulation scenarios with an average shortest-path hop count less than 2, and some of them used simulation scenarios that had more than 90% of the node pairs partitioned (on average). Thus, many of the simulation scenarios described in published MobiHoc articles are inadequate to provide a rigorous evaluation of a routing protocol. This paper makes three contributions. First, we propose minimal standardsto qualify a simulation scenario to be used for rigorous protocol evaluation, based on the scenario's average shortest-path hop count and its amount of network partitioning. Second, we describe several scenarios that meet our minimal standards; these scenarios can be used to rigorously test MANET routing protocols. Third, we describe an easy-toimplement method that researchers can use to produce additional simulation scenarios that meet the standards we propose. See http://toilers.mines.edu for information on obtaining code used in this study.


This paper analyzes the structure of ownership and control of public Brazilian companies using data from 325 companies listed at the Sao Paulo Stock Exchange. We show a high degree of ownership concentration. The major shareholder has, on average, 41 percent of the equity capital, while the five major have 61 percent. Concentration occurs mainly with voting shares with 62 percent of the companies having one shareholder with more than 50 percent of the voting shares. Actually, the violation of the one share-one vote rule with the use of non-voting shares is very common. Only 11 percent of the companies do not have non voting shares and the companies have, on average, only 54 percent of their equity capital as voting capital. We also analyze the indirect ownership structure. Pyramiding structure is not commonly used as a way of violating the one share - one vote rule. Control is maintained through more than one tier. We also show the importance of different shareholder classes. Corporations are the main investor category in the direct ownership structure while individuals are more important when indirect control is accounted for.


Woodier et al. (1) report that the cardiac type 2 ryanodine receptor channel (RyR2) shows two modes (sites) of regulation by zinc. When calcium is activating the channel, zinc increases channel Po around 100 pM (high affinity), whereas in the absence of calcium, zinc must reach 100 nM (low affinity) before channel Po is increased (compare Fig. 1 with Fig. 4, model in Fig.10). We would like to offer an alternate interpretation of these data. In order to achieve nominally 0 free calcium, 1 mM BAPTA (2,2 -(ethylenedioxy)dianiline-N,N,N ,N -tetraacetic acid) was added. We believe the primary reason that higher zinc (100 nM) must be added to modulate RyR2 gating in 0 free calcium is that zinc is chelated by BAPTA as well. It is not possible to use BAPTA to selectively chelate calcium without similarly affecting free zinc concentrations because Zn binds to BAPTA (Kd 7.9 nM) with greater affinity than Ca (Kd 110 nM) (2– 4). Using these values, one can estimate free zinc concentrations under the conditions given in Fig. 4 (with the addition of 1 mM BAPTA). With 1 nM zinc added, the free zinc concentration will be 0.1 fM, and with 100 M zinc added, the free zinc concentration will be 1 nM. It is noteworthy that 1 nM free zinc is approximately the same concentration range that modulates gating with calcium present (Fig. 1). Thus, the simplest interpretation of these data is that RyR2 has a single high affinity (1 nM) zinc binding site that functions to both modulate calcium-activated gating and activate channel opening when calcium is absent.


The latest multiple-detector technologies have further increased the popularity of x-ray CT as a diagnostic imaging modality. There is a continuing need to assess the potential radiation risk associated with such rapidly evolving multi-detector CT (MDCT) modalities and scanning protocols. This need can be met by the use of CT source models that are integrated with patient computational phantoms for organ dose calculations. Based on this purpose, this work developed and validated an MDCT scanner using the Monte Carlo method, and meanwhile the pregnant patient phantoms were integrated into the MDCT scanner model for assessment of the dose to the fetus as well as doses to the organs or tissues of the pregnant patient phantom. A Monte Carlo code, MCNPX, was used to simulate the x-ray source including the energy spectrum, filter and scan trajectory. Detailed CT scanner components were specified using an iterative trial-and-error procedure for a GE LightSpeed CT scanner. The scanner model was validated by comparing simulated results against measured CTDI values and dose profiles reported in the literature. The source movement along the helical trajectory was simulated using the pitch of 0.9375 and 1.375, respectively. The validated scanner model was then integrated with phantoms of a pregnant patient in three different gestational periods to calculate organ doses. It was found that the dose to the fetus of the 3 month pregnant patient phantom was 0.13 mGy/100 mAs and 0.57 mGy/100 mAs from the chest and kidney scan, respectively. For the chest scan of the 6 month patient phantom and the 9 month patient phantom, the fetal doses were 0.21 mGy/100 mAs and 0.26 mGy/100 mAs, respectively. The paper also discusses how these fetal dose values can be used to evaluate imaging procedures and to assess risk 1 Present address: Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 01208, USA. 2 Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed. 0031-9155/09/092699+19$30.00 © 2009 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine Printed in the UK 2699


This paper explores the Time-Aware Boolean Spatial Keyword Query (TABSKQ) that finds the geo-tagged objects satisfying user's spatial, textual, and temporal constraints. Towards this, we propose an efficient index structure so-called the TA-tree and its corresponding algorithms, which can efficiently prune the search space using both spatio-temporal and textual information. Extensive experiments with real datasets offer insight into the performance of our proposed index and algorithms.


The aim of this research was the analysis of long-term and seasonal dynamics of Irrigation Cooling Effect (ICE) of irrigated arable lands in test sites of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan in agriculture province "Golodnaya stepp", located in transboundary River Syrdarya basin. The Land Surface Temperature (LST) FEWS NET (Famine early Warning System Network) product was used for calculation and monitoring (2002- 2019) ICE values. The amount and efficiency of irrigation water usage significantly affects the ICE values. Therefore, long-term (2002-2019) ICE monitoring on arable land Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan in "Golodnaya stepp" is important as an objective characteristic of irrigation parameters and their changes during the observation period. Analysis of data from 2002-2019 showed that in the key period (May-June) Uzbekistan's arable land is in a better position. Review of two eras 2003-2010 and 2011-2019 it showed that changes in ICE values are directed at: an increase in May, approximately 2.5° in Uzbekistan and 1.3° in Kazakhstan; an increase in July, 1.3° in Uzbekistan and 2.5° degrees in Kazakhstan; and a decrease in September, approximately 1.5° in Kazakhstan, with stable values in Uzbekistan. Thus, ICE monitoring in arid climates is a useful tool for diagnosing water consumption on arable land in various countries, which is especially important in transboundary river basins.


As a generalization of the intuitionistic fuzzy number (IFN), the linguistic interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy number (LIVIFN) is a flexible and superior tool to describe complex fuzzy uncertainty information. Heronian mean (HM) operator has the characteristic of considering the relationship between attributes. Extended copulas (ECs) and extended cocopulas (ECCs) are the promotion form of Archimedean t-norm and t-conorm (ATT). ECs and ECCs can generate versatile operational rules and can provide more choice for decision makers (DMs). Therefore, it is very necessary to take advantages of them. In this paper, ECs and ECCs, some specifics of ECs and ECCs, and score and accuracy functions of IVILFNs are gained first. Then, we propose the linguistic interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy weighted copula Heronian mean (LIVIFWCHM) operator; also, some properties and five specific expressions of the LIVIFWCHM operator are discussed. Moreover, we also propose a new MAGDM approach based on the proposed LIVIFWCHM operator. Finally, a set of examples are used to demonstrate the effectiveness, generality, and flexibility of the proposed method.


In this contribution, a hybrid space/spectral domain integral equation approach is presented for the characterization of quasi-3D structures in multilayered media. The verti- cal conductors for the quasi-3D components like vias, through holes, airbridges, flnite dielectric regions etc. can cross an arbitrary number of dielectric layers with arbitrary vertical discretiza- tion. The electrodynamic behavior of the vertical currents is incorporated by extended spectral domain Green's functions derived by analytical integrations over the vertical direction and by a summation over the Cartesian wavenumbers which must be computed only once and stored in a database. For short lateral distances, the couplings are computed with a subtraction tech- nique based on asymptotic representations of the extended Green's functions, whereas for larger distances and for group coupling computations in context with fast matrix vector product evalu- ations, adaptive integration path deformations with extended Laguerre quadrature methods are applied. For the solution of the linear systems of equations, a GMRES solver was implemented together with a diakoptic preconditioner based on the group decomposition of larger structures, combined with a reversed Cuthill McKee reordering applied to the submatrix pattern of the system matrix. With all these techniques, the analysis of complex quasi-3D structures can be carried out with the same performance than pure planar microstrip and/or slotline structures.


Experimental investigations using granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption and then desorpted with microwave irradiation for toluene abatement are reported in this paper. The results indicated that For different kinds of catalysts, Cu0.33Mn0.67Ox/γ-Al2O3 had the highest catalytic activity. For toluene combustion, the temperature required for 99% toluene conversion was lower than 300°C. In combination process of microwave desorption with catalytic combustion, the toluene conversion was ranged from 92% to 99% and the optimum volume flow rate ratio of carrier and air was 1:1.


A key challenge facing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operators is the need to re-plan routes on-the-fly when situations change. Operators must comprehend three-dimensional (3D) scenes and a multitude of potentially competing 3D mission and routing constraints in order to successfully re-plan, often under time pressure. Currently, there is significant research interest in supporting UAV operators through automation and improved visualizations. However, development and integration of these methods requires a careful understanding of the 3D spatial awareness challenges and requirements facing operators. To facilitate this understanding, here we report the design and validation of a synthetic task environment (STE) and testbed to study UAV re-planning. The STE is derived from a recent task analysis conducted with Navy UAV operators that focused on the key 3D spatial challenges entailed in re-planning. In an initial validation of the STE implemented in a re-planning testbed, several measures of re-planning performance were assessed for 36 participants working through controlled re-planning scenarios. The presence of mountainous terrain and the spatial overlap of mission constraints were parametrically varied. Performance was consistently worse in mountainous terrain, and in more highly-constrained conditions in mountainous terrain. In flat terrain, however, less constrained conditions resulted in paradoxically worse performance. Results have both basic and applied implications. Theoretically, the study provides a bridge between applied re-planning research and classic human problem solving work by allowing apparently simpler, unconstrained re-planning to be conceived of as less bounded search through re-planning problem space. For application, the results help constrain and define the requirements for future 3D visualization and automation support for UAV re-planning displays.


This article describes the current problem of bullying in schools in Andalucia (southern Spain) and goes on to examine some possible responses being developed at the University of Seville to meet the challenge of school-based aggression. The project goes under the collective rubric of "SAVE"—The Seville Anti-Bullying in School Project. The SAVE project combines an investigative research initiative with a preventive action programme aimed at reducing the problems of violence in primary and secondary schools. This takes a whole-school approach (similar to that used in the Sheffield Anti-Bullying Project in the U.K.) And involves coordinated action against bullying across 13 schools situated in socially deprived areas in Seville. The problem is approached through the school curriculum and places particular emphasis on children who are considered to have special needs in this area. Aggr. Behav. 26:113–123, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.


Personal robots present opportunities for understanding the ways that people perceive agency—both in-the-moment and reflectively. Autonomous and interactive personal robots allow us to explore how people come to perceive agency of non-human agents. Remote presence and tele-operation systems are expanding our understandings of how people interact through robots, incorporating these systems into their own sense of agency. As such, robotics can inform our understanding of both robotic agency and human agency.


Compact and, low driving voltage optical modulator is the key device for high-speed on-chip optical interconnects. We have fabricated a hybrid silicon and electro-optic (EO) polymer modulator and demonstrated its EO properties. We used thin silicon core and planar electrodes to enable the modulator a low driving voltage.


The present invention provides a semiconductor device having a power MOS transistor capable of minimizing the calorific value and improving the reliability. The semiconductor device having a power MOS transistor according to the present invention comprises a semiconductor substrate in which an impurity region having a first conductivity is formed; a drift region which is formed in the impurity region and has the first conductivity; a body region which is formed in the impurity region to be adjacent to the drift region and has a second conductivity different from the first conductivity; a drain extension insulating film which is formed on the drift region; a gate insulating film and a gate electrode which are sequentially laminated on the semiconductor substrate to straddle a part of the body region and a part of the drift region; a drain extension electrode which is formed on the drain extension insulating film; a drain region which is adjacent to one side opposite to the body region in the drift region and has the first conductivity; and a second source which is formed in the body region and has the second conductivity.