The high-impedance surface was used as the antenna ground plane between two radiator elements to reduce the inter-element coupling between them. Measurement reveals the optimum performance occurred at the bandgap due to the suppression of surface currents in the ground plane.


Regional backwardness is a complex phenomenon that can be easily studied in the Northern Hungarian region and that covers approximately one third of the settlements of the region. It can only be managed by a multi-front approach, by integrated development exerting a combined impact on the factors of deprivation. The local development efforts arising from the wish for convergence and aimed at constructing the fundamental infrastructure and creating a mass of concentrated jobs may be fortunately combined with innovative development ensuring a new development path that is considerably encouraged from outside in the scenario built on strengthening the social economy.


Executive Summary Researchers have suggested that up to 50 % of the effort in development of information systems is devoted to user interface development Yet little study has been performed on the inclusion of important interface and human-computer interaction topics into a current information technology related curriculum. Particularly the IS (Information Systems) discipline has shown little interest in identifying and clarifying those topics and techniques that should be included in its curriculum. This paper reviews the literature in all areas of computing and information systems and sciences to determine importance of human-computer interaction and define interface topics that are generally regarded as most important for technology students. A review of classic, pedagogical and current HCI (human-computer interaction) literature is performed in this work. Within the broad category of HCI two major subcategories emerge – People and Process. Within these subcategories, twelve specific topic areas are identified. The topics are Interface Requirements, Interface and GUI Each of these areas is vitally important to the future system designer. This study next reviews specific hands-on assignments to explore the topics identified. The computer science curriculum as proposed by the " Joint IEEE Computer Society/ACM Task Force " includes many of these important areas. The Information Systems Model curriculum only makes passing reference to HCI and Interface Design. The author currently teaches a junior level course in Organization and Design of Information Systems: User and System Principles. For the most part, this is a course in interface design and human-computer interaction. The author has incorporated the twelve key concepts in both lecture materials as well as specific hands-on activities. The activities include HCI Gone Wild which challenges the students to prepare a fanciful, out-of-the-box interface to a common product or application. Sound exercise considers new uses and inclusion of an underutilized human sense. Expert elicitation explores the challenges of requirements analysis. User interface forces students to develop prototypes with disability issues in mind. Evaluation requires development of high level assessment, testing and communication skills so essential in interface design. The positive student evaluations of both the exercises and the course suggest that the materials and assignments are stimulating high interest and appreciation for the complexities of designing with the user in mind. Further course improvements that will be incorporated as a result of multiple semester feedback include Material published as part of this journal, either on-line or in print, is copyrighted by the publisher …


Objectives of this study aims at correlating the cytological diagnosis and histopathological diagnosis to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of there by its role in diagnosis of ABSTRACT Background: For a thyroid swelling, FNAC is the primary investigation. In most of the lesions, after excision, the Histopathology remains the same, but at times a few surprises do occur when FNAC reported benign lesions are found to be malignant on histopathology. The study aims to find reliability of FNAC in diagnosing Thyroid Lesions. Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 111 patients with thyroid swelling attending IIMSR, Medical College, Jalna during a period of two years. These patients with thyroid lesions were subjected to FNAC and then following the surgery correlated with the histopathology report. Results: Majority of the patients were in the age group of 30-50 years with female predominance. Out of 111 patients studied with FNAC, 1 sample was inadequate. Among remaining 110 cases 99 were benign thyroid lesions, 6 were malignant and 5 were highly suspicious of malignancy. HPE of thyroid specimen confirmed 101 cases as benign and 9 cases as malignant. Case in which inadequate material was obtained on FNAC was not included in study. Conclusions: FNAC is about 98.18 % reliable in diagnosing thyroid lesions. FNAC is easy, reliable and accurate investigation for all thyroid swellings.


Objective: To solve the blocking of nasal trachea cannula on pharyngeal posterior wall by using adequate number common endotracheal catheter.Methods: Seven patients with ASAⅠ~Ⅲ grade were taken jaw bones fracture internal fixation,and nasal trachea cannula on pharyngeal posterior wall was blocked.2~4.67×500mm sputum tube applied with valelinum Liquidum was inserted in,epidural tube was inserted in sputum tube and epidural catheter was taken out of oral cavity and sputum tube was exited.Epidural tube was bundled on the top of common endotracheal catheter at the end of nose,after airtube was built in nasal cavity,epidural catheter was dragged from oral side.Results: adequate number and common endotracheal catheter was dragged out of cavitas pharyngis easily,and less injury of nasal cavity mucous membrane.Conclusion: It is easy to pull an adequate number and common endotracheal catheter out to oral cavity and practice nasal trachea cannula,also easy to handle this method for new learners,and so is a good way to solve the difficulty of nasal trachea cannula in the point of nasal opening and pharyngeal posterior wall and larynx.


This study determines the impact of technology, satisfaction, and motivation on academic achievement at university level in Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. This is a quantitative study, 203 respondents participated from, five Universities of Hyderabad, Sindh i.e. SZABIST, LUMHS, ISRA, SAU and Mehran-UET Jamshoro. The data collected using an adopted questionnaire and the data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. This was to find out the relationship between independent variables (technology, satisfaction, and motivation) and dependent variable (academic achievement). The results showed that there is significant relationship between predictors and response variable, whereas, the effect of variable academic achievement showed that there is weak positive relation of predictor on response variable for undergraduate students of Hyderabad region, Sindh, Pakistan. It is because mostly student gets higher level of knowledge with the provision of technology, but there are other uses of technology too, which affected their perception of use accordingly.


The Affordable Care Act recognizes Community Health Workers (CHWs) as lay health professionals that promote positive health behaviors and outcomes for patients in medically underserved communities. Despite this validation, there remains a lack of awareness, and some controversy, about the role of CHWs, the value of their work, and ultimately how their roles relate to primary care. The purpose of this feature article is to increase awareness about the contributions of community health workers to primary prevention and to report several key issues identified in the literature and from organizations working with CHWS about their evolving and multifaceted role in improving primary care and population health.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide orthopedic instruments for use in the performance of an orthopedic joint replacement procedure, in particular for use in the performance of an improved hip prosthesis replacement procedure.SOLUTION: A distal reamer 90 comprises an elongated shank 92. The elongated shank 92 has a cutting head 96 and a drive connector 102. The drive connector 102 has a female drive socket and locking slots. Each of the locking slots 106 extends downward from an opening defined on a superior surface of the elongated shank 92.


The article is devoted to the natural specifics of the Ishim plain, the physical-geographical regionalization and to the landscape structure analysis of the central part of the Tobol-Ishim interfluvial plain by the example of Omutinskiy municipal district. The paper contains classification system of the district's wild and anthropogenic landscapes and shows the advantages of the landscape-integrated approach to the solution of applied problems.


Topological Optics
In addition to having an insulating interior while at the same time supporting conducting surface states, topological insulators have many other interesting properties. Higher-order topological insulating states, where regions of interest are along edges and at corners, have been difficult to identify unambiguously. Peterson et al. developed a theoretical framework to help identify and characterize these exotic states, including a new topological marker—the fractional charge density—that can be used to detect topological states of matter when the spectroscopic probe of gapless surface states is not accessible. The agreement between experimental work and theory is encouraging for applicability to other topological platforms.

Science , this issue p. [1114][1]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aba7604


Abstract The diffusion and democratisation of computing technologies and physical prototyping systems has supported the rise of Do-It-Yourself culture. In the context of design innovation, this shift has undoubtedly blurred the lines between the roles of amateur and professional. Crowdsourcing platforms providing easily accessible, lightweight services to promote and fund ideas for new products can potentially radically compress the timescale from new concept generation to market. However, questions are emerging around these adjustments in the roles of amateur and professional, and to what extend individual makers and their communities can participate in, and benefit from, this new landscape. This paper will examine this situation using the framing of a "toolkit design and development" approach. We discuss the toolkit approach by drawing on the work of a current cross-European, interdisciplinary, collaborative project that is developing a technology toolkit to enable creation of locally based DIY networking systems.


PurposePerforming emotional labour is required of customer-contact employees (CCEs) to regulate their emotions through acting to conform to organisational display rules. Prior research is focused on investigating the detrimental outcomes of CCEs engaging in emotional labour acting to meet these display rules and organisational-related antecedents. This study takes a fresh perspective to propose how acting deriving from job engagement is related to employee burnout. Emotional intelligence is modelled as a moderator in these relationships.Design/methodology/approachThe current study focuses on customer contact employees who are currently employed within the banking industry located in the United States of America. Participants of the study were recruited using panel data through Qualtrics both symmetrical and asymmetrical methods were employed in this study to test the proposed relationships.FindingsThe findings show that, prior to including EI in the analysis, job engagement was negatively related to surface acting but positively related to deep acting. However, when EI was entered in the equation, the relationship between job engagement and deep acting became negative. EI was also negatively related to both surface and deep acting. EI significantly strengthens the emotional labour process of engagement towards emotional labour strategies as well as lessening burnout. The asymmetrical analysis offer more insights to the proposed relationships.Originality/valueThis study employs both symmetrical and asymmetrical methods to examine emotional labour, emotional intelligence and employee burnout. In particular, job engagement proposed as an antecedent to acting strategy is novel. The study offers some novel insights into emotional labour and emotional intelligence research. The findings have practical implications for HR practitioners and management in the service organisations.


Objective To investigate the relationship between microvessel density(MVD) and tumor size in pituitary adenoma.Methods To compare the differences in MVD pituitary adenoma in 63 patients and normal pituitary gland in 7 subjects by detecting vascular endothelial markers CD31,CD34 and factor Ⅷ.Results The MVD in normal pituitary gland was higher than that in pituitary adenoma(P 0.05).The micro-vessels in prolactin-secreting pituitary macroadenoma(PRL macroadenoma) were more than those in PRL microadenoma and adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma(ACTH adenoma)(P 0.01).The MVD in ACTH adenoma was lower compared to normal pituitary gland and other types of pituitary adenomas.Conclusion The correlation exists between tumor size and MVD in different pituitary adenomas,and tumor size may influence the expressions of endogenous inhibitor factors related to angiogenesis,angiogenic phenotype and the tumor biological behavior.


Q e ongoing growth of international business brings with it increasing demands associated with managing culturally diverse workforces. Q e cultural challenges that multinational companies must cope involve the synergistic approach of national cul- tural dimensions and leadership style. Q e present paper aims to evaluate the impact of these cultural challenges on international business by identifying the similarities and di( erences between cultural dimensions and leadership style based on correlation of Hofstede results and GLOBE scores.


In this paper we consider the Capacitated Arc Routing Problem with Time windows. We suggest two algorithms for solving the problem to optimality and a heuristic for obtaining high quality solutions. To our knowledge this is the first paper to consider optimal solution of that problem.


Abstract : This study examined current practice and research related to the investigative interview. A framework for examining the interviewing process was developed. Site visits were conducted to five government agencies and several industrial organizations were surveyed to identify current investigative interviewing practices. Existing research suggested that the investigative interview is a highly useful background investigation method. Related research from the employment interviewing, survey research, interrogation, general interviewing, and detection of deception literatures was also reviewed. Based on these finding, a scenario for conducting investigative interviews was developed. Finally, recommendations were made for research studies to evaluate the effectiveness of investigative interviewing procedures.


The invention discloses a low-temperature baking plastic cement paint, which comprises a component A and a component B, wherein the component A comprises 150 to 200 weight parts of high-hydroxy acrylic acid resin, 200 to 250 weight parts of low-hydroxy acrylic acid resin, 200 to 250 weight parts of quick-drying hydroxy acrylic acid resin, 100 to 150 weight parts of modified thermosetting acrylic acid resin, 10 to 15 weight parts of settling agent, 10 weight parts of drier, 1 to 5 weight parts of flatting agent, solvent of 150 to 200 weight parts of solvent and 100 to 150 weight parts of silver powder; and the component B comprises 680 weight parts of aliphatic isocyanate and 320 weight parts of butyl acetate. The preparation method comprises: (1) adding the previous four components, adding the anti-settling agent with slow machine stirring, and preparing a mixture by stirring; (2) soaking the silver powder in the solvent for 4 hours; (3) adding the soaked silver powder into the mixture, and uniformly stirring while adding the soaked silver powder; and (4) diluting according to a ratio of the component A to the component B to the diluent of 5:1:(3-5), spraying the paint on a plastic piece, and baking at low temperature on a production line. In the invention, when baked and cured at a low temperature, the product dries quickly and has high hardness, high adhesion force, high solvent resistance and high wear resistance.


Dancing with Bigotry: The Poisoning of Cultural and Ethnic Identities Tongue-Tied Multiculturalism Racism as a Cultural Factor: A Dialogue with Paulo Freire Insurgent Multiculturalism: A Dialogue with Henry Giroux Methods Fetish: Beyond the Teaching of Tolerance


We fully agree that, in analyzing social tipping interventions (STIs) for accelerating a global transformation to carbon neutrality by 2050 (1), there is a need to analyze social change processes and social movements in greater depth (2). We hope that more research will follow and each of the identified STIs and the key actors that have agency (3) to intervene and initiate such processes will be critically assessed by the research community. The proposed STIs do not encompass only governmental actors. We argue that a radical change can be initiated by a spectrum of actors, including for example financial investors, homeowners, business managers, …

[↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: ilona.otto{at}pik-potsdam.de.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1


The greenhouse robots are regard as the research object, the essential conception and classification of the robots as well as the developing state of the research in foreign and in domestic are presented. The kinematic equation and the calculation mold of locus are established according to the kinematic analysis, motion designation, dynamic analysis and the analysis of motion mold, which make the function of automatically avoiding obstacles work.


First, the objectives, methodology and a brief mention of concepts and laws on the preservation of heritage in Spain, and the recent presentation of the candidacy "Paseo del Prado y el Retiro. Landscape of the Arts and Sciences" to the UNESCO World Heritage list. Second, a short historical evolution of the Buen Retiro Park, since its origin, linked to the almost disappeared palace of the Habsburg dynasty, and its subsequent evolution as a Royal Site with the Bourbon dynasty to a public park since late XIX century. This provides to El Retiro of a valuable and heterogeneous cultural and natural heritage. Last, the analysis of the resources and the tourist and cultural activity supported by El Retiro, together with the results of a survey carried out among visitors, show the great acceptance of the site by residents and tourists; also, the existence of problems in the management and information, which respectively affect the maintenance and use of this unique space.


We have performed pump-probe experiments in p -doped InAs/GaAs quantum dots leading to the all-optical initialization and readout of hole spins. In order to describe these experiments, we have modelized the interconnected dynamics of the photoelectron spin and the resident hole spin, triggered through the optical excitation by a train of short pulses. A complete description of this spin dynamics is obtained by including the hyperfine coupling as the common decoherence mechanism for the electron and hole spins. Periodic excitation conditions for arbitrary values of the pump power and the external magnetic field are also included in the model. In particular, a good agreement concerning the temporal behavior of the photoinduced circular dichroism is obtained for zero or low magnetic fields. When the applied magnetic field screens the hole-hyperfine interaction, we show that the agreement between the experimental and calculated time-dependent curves requires an additional relaxation mechanism for holes with a characteristic time in the microsecond range.


This paper presents the design of low-dropout (LDO) regulator optimized on power efficiency and load transient response. As the LDO is always-on block, the quiescent current is a critical parameter of LDO. The proposed circuit includes an op-amp which shows high slew rate with low quiescent current. A voltage damper circuit is included for fast load transient response. A body feedback loop helps the LDO regulator to react to relatively slow distortion of the output voltage. The proposed LDO regulator is fabricated in a 180 nm CMOS process. The test results show that maximum undershoot is 125.9 mV during load transient and 0.177 ns/$\mu$ m figure-of-merit (FOM) at the quiescent current of 0.02532 mA.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: CIS has been already identified as one of the most important prognostic risk factors in NMIBC in BCG treated patients. Interestingly, this information mostly derived from studies that did not analysed the prognostic relevance of the localization of CIS. The aim of the present study is to describe the distribution of CIS in a cohort of T1G3 patients and to evaluate the role of CIS location on recurrence, progression, death due to BCa and risk of upper tract urinary cancer (UTUC). METHODS: Patients with primary T1G3 were included in the study. Multiple standardized biopsies were performed according to the following scheme: trigone (T), posterior bladder wall (PBW), right and left bladder wall (RBW, LBW), bladder dome (BD) and prostatic urethra (PU). Multivariate Cox regression analysis was done to determine predictive factors for recurrence, progression, death due to BCa and diagnosis of UTUC RESULTS: A total of 139 T1G3 patients were included in this analysis. Mean age was 67.8 (9.5) years and 123 (88%) were male. According to the T sub-staging categories 81 (58.3%) patients had a T1a, 33 (23%) T1b and 25 (18%) T1c. Lymphatic vascular invasion was found in 27 cases (19.4%). Associated CIS was found in 77 cases (48.2%) with a distribution of locations: T 26 (18.3%), PBW 33 (23.7%), RBW 34 (24.3%), LBW 31 (22.3%), BD 27 (19.4%), PU 14 (10.8). A total of 47 (70.1%) patients showed multiple locations. LVI was detected in 27 cases (19.4%). Recurrence and progression rates were 51.8% and 20.9% respectively; 11.5% (n=16) developed TMTUS. Multivariate cox regression model showed that T stage >Ta (HR=5.8, CI95% 1.609-34.856, p=0.01) and CIS in BD (HR=3.767, CI95% 1.001-10.200, p=0.049) or in PU (HR=8.337, CI95% 1.556-24.668, p=0.013) were independently related to recurrence. CIS in BD and PU strongly affected also the risk of progression (HR=7.489, CI95% 1.609-34.856, p=0.010 and HR=1.768, CI95%0.998-30.678, p 0.05 respectively). Moreover, patients presenting CIS in prostatic urethra have 2 times more risk of death due to BCa (HR 7.890, CI95% 1.678-25789, p=0.01). The location of CIS did not affect the risk of UTUC. CONCLUSIONS: CIS in T1G3 patients is a common finding with a similar distribution in all the bladder regions. Patients with CIS in PU or BD had a worse prognosis, suggesting the importance of the location of CIS as prognostic factor in patient with high risk NMIBC. According to our findings, a routine evaluation of the entire bladder with standardized multiple biopsies is mandatory in primary high grade NMIBC. Source of Funding: none


We investigated individual differences in the perception of three attributes, that is, illusory contour, brightness change, and depth stratification, of illusory figures induced by an incomplete figure (four pacmen) and by a complete figure (four crosses), respectively. Individual differences were mainly due to relatively lower perceptual strength of brightness change and depth stratification, especially with the complete inducing figure. With the incomplete inducing figure almost all the observers perceived all the three attributes. With the complete inducing figure, however, the illusory contour was predominant over the other two attributes, and as much as about a quarter of the observers perceived no attributes. These results suggest that the illusory figure induced by the complete figure looks quite different from that induced by the incomplete figure.


<abstract>
This paper is concerned with a class of nonhomogeneous generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equations

<disp-formula>  <tex-math id="FE1"> \begin{document}$ \bigg\{ \begin{array}{rl} & u_t + (|u|^{p-2}u)_x + u_{xxx} +h_x(x-\tau t, y) +\beta \nabla_y v = 0, \\ & v_x = \nabla_y u.\end{array} $\end{document} </tex-math></disp-formula>

By proving a local Palais-Smale condition, we manage to prove the existence of solitary waves with the help of a variational characterization on the smallest positive constant of an anisotropic Sobolev inequality (Huang and Rocha, J. Inequal. Appl., 2018,163). The novelty is to give an <bold>explicit estimate</bold> on the sufficient condition of $ h $ to get the existence of solitary waves.
</abstract>


The present study tried to validate the short form of Zimbardo time perspective inventory (Orosz et al.,2017), originally developed by Zimbardo and Boyd (1999) in the Indian context. 187 engineering students (159 boys and 28 girls) belonging to the School of Computer Science and Engineering, of Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India, were part of the study. The retained and inter-related five factors, with 16 items, using exploratory factor analysis, explained 51.313 percent of variance in the measured construct and had internal consistency reliability Cronbach's alpha of 0.671. The Greatest lower bound reliability is between (0.822,1). The extracted factors moderately represented the time perspective construct, when subjected to confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS AMOS ver.23. The result indicate the need of conducting further replication studies of the shorter version of ZTPI developed by Orosz et al. (2017) in multiple contexts and cultures for the eventual addressing of the validation related issues of Zimbardo time perspective inventory.


The presence of Cervical and Vaginal Aplasia with bicornuate uterus is a very rare mullerian anomaly. Its true incidence is still unknown. The presence of functioning bicornuate uterus poses a great challenge for a gynecologist because a successful repair could restore normal menses and may preserve a patient's fertility. Hence, we report a case of 14-year-old unmarried female, known case of Bicornuate uterus with cervical and vaginal aplasia with history of a rudimentary horn excision. On clinical and radiological evaluation, she was diagnosed with complete cervical and vaginal aplasia with haematometra in right cornua of uterus. She underwent vaginoplasty along with laparoscopic uterovaginal anastomosis in an innovative way. On follow-up, hysteroscopy showed a patent anastomosis, vagina was completely healed, and she was menstruating normally.


Significance To counteract diverse pathogens, vertebrates evolved adaptive immunity to generate diverse antibody repertoires through a B lymphocyte-specific somatic gene rearrangement process termed V(D)J recombination. Tight regulation of the V(D)J recombination process is vital to generating antibody diversity and preventing off-target activities that can predispose the oncogenic translocations. Recent studies have demonstrated V(D)J rearrangement is driven by cohesin-mediated chromatin loop extrusion, a process that establishes genomic loop domains by extruding chromatin, predominantly, between convergently oriented CTCF looping factor-binding elements (CBEs). By deleting and inverting CBEs within a critical antibody heavy chain gene locus developmental control region and a loop extrusion chromatin-anchor at the downstream end of this locus, we reveal how these elements developmentally contribute to generation of diverse antibody repertoires.


Mg-Mo-V-Ti catalysts of low temperature denitrification were prepared by dipping method. In order to study the activity of selective catalytic reduction, the catalyst was placed in a fixed bed reactor. Industrial flue gas was simulated with cylinder gas. Results indicate that the 0.1wt% content of MgO catalyst has good performance on denitration activity and sulfur resistance. The effects of oxygen content, space velocity and reaction temperature on the activity of the 0.1MgO-6MoO3-3V2O5-TiO2 wt% catalyst were investigated. With the increase of oxygen concentration, the denitrification efficiency increases when the oxygen concentration is less than 8%. When the oxygen content is greater than 8%, the denitrification efficiency is almost the same. The denitrification efficiency decreases with the increase of space velocity. The removal efficiency of NO 0.1MgO-6MoO3-3V2O5-TiO2 wt% catalyst over increases first and then becomes stable with the increase of temperature, and the conversion efficiency of SO2 is less than or equal to 2.2% at 120~240 °C.


How to cite item Andrade-Velazquez, M., & Medrano-Perez, R. (2021). Historical precipitation patterns in the South-Southeast region of Mexico and future projections. Earth Sciences Research Journal, 25(1), 69-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj. v25n1.87255 This study analyzed climate change scenarios and their potential impact on water availability for the South-Southeast region (SSR) of Mexico. Precipitation patterns were examined using the Standardized Precipitation Index for three emissions scenarios, Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5, RCP 6.0, and RCP 8.5, during the periods of 1960-2016, 2015-2039 (near future), and 2075-2099 (far future). Historical changes in precipitation in the SSR indicated the presence of dry and wet events driven by El Niño-Southern Oscillation, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, which are the regional climate modulators. However, the impact of these phases has not been quantified for the future. The results of our climate change projections show that the Grijalva and Usumacinta rivers and surrounding regions (Chiapas and Tabasco) will have an increase in the percentage of dry and wet events shortly (2015-2039), while there is a medium to a low probability of this occurrence in rest of the SSR. By 2075-2099, Grijalva and Usumacinta will continue to have a high probability of dry events due to climate change, and the Yucatan will also exhibit this behavior. RCP 4.5 was projected to be the wettest scenario for the study area, while RCP 8.5 projected an increase in dry events during both periods (2015-2039 and 2075-2099). RCP 6.0 projected a drier 2015-2039 and wetter 2075-2099. ABSTRACT Historical precipitation patterns in the South-Southeast region of Mexico and future projections


The identification of model is one of the key issues in the field of system modeling. The identification of model using input-output data consists of two parts: structure identification which involves the determination of antecedent and consequent variables and in parameter estimation step, antecedents' membership fictions and rule consequents are determined. This paper presents the identification of fuzzy system for rapid NickelCadmium (Ni-Cad) batteries charger by applying Genetic algorithm on the input-output training data. First of all a model for the system is designed. For the design, Input output variables are divided into fuzzy regions and shape of membership functions are decided and then Parameter estimation of antecedent part of model is performed, in which best values for model parameter are identified using Genetic Algorithm.GA is global search algorithm based on mechanics of natural selection, which combines survival of fittest. It operates on population of solution by applying survival of fittest to find better solutions from all given population. Instead of operating directly on the parameters of model, GA works with random population of solution (random population of string) representing parameters of model. In this paper, we have successfully applied GA for optimization and Simulation results shows that MSE of system designed is 0.17and with increase in number of iterations, system performance gets improved.


chemiluminescence detection of NO. This instrument was used for the measurements of NO2 on board the NASA P-3B aircraft during the Transport and Chemical Evolution Over the Pacific (TRACE-P) campaign. Comparison in the laboratory indicated less than 10% difference between our NO2 instrument and two independent laser-induced fluorescence instruments in the NO2 range of 30 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) to 50 ppbv. The magnitudes of potential errors in airborne tropospheric NO2 measurements were further assessed using the TRACE-P data set. The systematic errors estimated for the median NO2 mixing ratios, 70 pptv at 0–2 km (30 pptv at 2–8 km), were 19% (39%). The random errors for a 10 s integration time were estimated to be 5–10%, depending on altitude. The observed NO2 mixing ratios were compared to those calculated by a photochemical box model. Overall, the calculated NO2 values correlated very well with those observed (r 2 = 0.97), although the calculations were systematically higher than the observations by about 30%, except for the highest flight levels. The calculated/ observed NO2 ratio remained nearly constant, having values close to 1.3 at 0–4 km, and decreased with altitude. The difference between the observed and model-calculated values, however, was within the combined uncertainty in the measurement and model calculation. The underlying causes for this difference are to be determined in future studies. INDEX TERMS: 0345 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Pollution—urban and regional (0305); 0365 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere—composition and chemistry; 0394 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Instruments and techniques; KEYWORDS: NO2 ,O 3, photolytic conversion


Numerical study of separation control on symmetrical airfoil, four digits (NACA
0012) by using rotating cylinder with double steps on its upper surface based on the computation of Reynolds-average Navier- Stokes equations was carried out to find the optimum configuration of unconventional airfoil for best aerodynamics performance. A model based on collocated Finite Volume Method was developed to solve the governing equations on a body-fitted coordinate system. A revised (k-w) model was proposed as a known turbulence model. This model was adapted to simulate the control effects of rotating cylinder. Numerical solutions were performed for flow around unconventional airfoil with cylinder to main stream velocities ratio in the range of 1 to 4 and for various positions of the steps on the airfoil from the leading edge, 0.1c, 0.2c, 0.3c, 0.4c, 0.5c for the first step and 0.5c, 0.6c, 0.7c, 0.8c for the second step with constant step depth and length of 0.03c and 0.125c respectively. Reynolds number of 700,000 which was based on the cord length (c), with angle of attacks 0, 5, 8, 10, 12, 15 degrees was considered for the assessment of the unconventional airfoil performance. The numerical investigation showed that the optimum configuration for the unconventional airfoil was found to be at velocities ratio (U/U∞=4) with the steps positions at 0.5c and 0.8c for best airfoil performance.


The present invention relates to a method for processing an information processing apparatus comprising a plurality of basic stream and the extended stream ilk levels, information processing methods, programs and data structures. The transmitter encoded audio stream into a base stream BS and the first to n-th extension streams Ext1 to ExtN. Transmitter reference table (90, 91), generating a stream having a PID of each TS packet type (92,93-1 to 93-n), and the TS packets of the tables (90, 91), and outputs the generated TS packet to the receiver. TS packet receiver reference table (90, 91), which can determine the type of process stream. The receiver selects PID stream having associated therewith can be processed by the TS packet and decodes the TS packet. The present invention is applicable to encoding and decoding of the transmitter and the receiver.


A system comprising a plurality of sensors (105-140), which is configured to measure a transmission of one or more characteristics. The system further comprises a sub-module interaction device (100, 400), which comprises at least one interface (160,412,470), said at least one interface is configured to receive an input signal a plurality of components associated with the system (414-422). The subsystem interaction module further comprising at least one processing unit (150,430) that is configured to use the input signal identifying the one or more components of the potential faults and configured to provide the potential fault indicator identity. At least one processing unit is configured by the following identifying the potential failure: collision frequency different fault identification member associated with the system; and the collision frequency is determined based on the potential failure confidence level associated with it.


Near Earth missions ranging from low-Earth orbit (LEO) to Earth-Sun Lagrangian points will continue to be a majority of future space missions. A few works have been done with delay/disruption tolerant networking (DTN) technology for LEO-satellite communications and provided feasibility for its adoption in LEO space missions. However, no much work has been done to fully evaluate the performance of DTN in such an environment, especially in the presence of long link disruption, data corruption and loss, and link asymmetry. In this paper, we present an experimental performance evaluation of DTN architecture and protocol stack, with Licklider transmission protocol (LTP) serving as a convergence layer adapter (CLA) underneath bundle protocol (BP), in a typical LEO-satellite communication infrastructure accompanied by a very long link outage, various packet corruption and loss rates, and channel rate symmetry and asymmetry. The experiment was conducted by performing realistic file transfers over a PC-based test-bed.


The one-loop quantum corrections to the geometry and thermodynamics of a black hole are studied for the two-dimensional RST model. We choose boundary conditions corresponding to the eternal black hole being in thermal equilibrium with Hawking radiation. The equations of motion are exactly integrated. One of the solutions obtained is the constant curvature space-time with the dilaton being a constant function. Such a solution is absent in classical theory. One the other hand, we derive a quantum-corrected metric written in Schwarzschild-like form which is a deformation of the classical black hole solution. The space-time singularity is milder than in classical theory and the solution admits two asymptotically flat black hole space-times lying at ``different sides'' of the singularity. The thermodynamics of the classical black hole and its quantum counterpart is formulated. The thermodynamical quantities (energy, temperature, entropy) are calculated and are the same for both the classical and quantum-corrected black holes. So, no quantum corrections to thermodynamics are observed. The possible relevance of the results obtained in the four-dimensional case is discussed. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.


The first indication that man was present in Canada well before the final retreat of glacial ice was found at the village of Sheguiandah, on Manitoulin Island, Ontario, in the early 1950s. This paper summarizes the relevant evidence and arguments. The key deposits are two thin layers of diamicton toward the top of the glacial sequence, immediately below a post-glacial level characterized by Paleo-lndian projectile points. The unsorted mixtures of clay, sand and stones contain undisputed quartzite artifacts. These diamictons are considered to be till; alternatives, such as mixing by frost action and mud flows, do not explain their origin. The means by which the artifacts survived the Laurentide glaciation are suggested by the orientation and dip of the pebbles. Apparently diverted from its normal direction of flow by a tough quartzite knob, the ice lacked much erosive power at this point, only transporting the artifacts from one part of the site to another. Geological interpretation indicates that man made the artifacts now found in the tills during Early Wisconsinan interstadials. Other evidence, in the form of prehistoric quarries, pollen analyses and radiocarbon dating, supports the published age estimate of more than 30,000 years BP.


As a widely used software process improvement model,CMM(Capability Maturity Model) provides a guide for choosing process improvement strategies by facilitating the identification of current process capabilities.However,how to model the CMM implementation process remains an open issue for a fact that enterprise software processes are complex and variable.This paper presents an approach for modeling the CMM implementation process based on model merging mechanism.Using SPEM(Software Process Engineering Metamodel),CPM(CMM Process Model) and EPM(Enterprise Process Model) can be built and then merged to achieve CIPM(CMM Implementation Process Model).Also when EPM is changed,the changed content can be reflected conveniently in CIPM using the model merging mechanism.In above model merging approach,process models are described with the labeled directed graph and merging algorithms are proposed.Authors prove model merging consistency and use a process model merging prototype tool to show that the proposed approach is practical and effective.


An integral equation from whose solution the electromagnetic scattering from a conducting wedge loaded by a slot can be determined is formulated and solved numerically. Efficient techniques for summing the Green's function series present in such equations are considered. The aperture field, given in terms of an equivalent magnetic surface current and the resulting farzone scattered fields are determined and presented. Results are given for a variety of configurations and are compared with data available in the literature.


Abstract A congestion control scheme based on credibility is proposed. In this scheme, the whole network is divided into several independent domains, and each domain contains a congestion control server (CCS) and several control modules (CM). The CCS is used to collect credit information and make punishment decisions based on the credit information, while the CM creates signaling packets to calculate responsibility mark. Violators will be punished according to their responsibility mark. The effectiveness of this scheme is also analyzed. We provide simulation results to demonstrate that the proposed scheme can process congestion and provide better performance gains.


Background:  Interferon‐based combination therapy is the standard treatment for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The weekly administration of long‐acting pegylated interferons (PEG‐IFNα‐2a or PEG‐IFNα‐2b) provides superior antiviral efficacy over standard interferon alfa (IFNα) for the treatment of HCV infection. Albinterferon alfa‐2b (alb‐IFN) is a novel recombinant protein consisting of IFNα‐2b that is genetically fused to human albumin.


Nowadays the government administration in China is basically situated in the state of authorized type,controlled type,self service and even self profit-seeking type.It is not good enough to carry out and stress the idea of human-based development outlook with science.The governments must adhere to centering the realistic and specific persons in their administration and must emphasize ensuring reality(specific persons,namely all the rights of citizens),and must fully understand the importance to guarantee the rights of citizens and establish the legal system to guarantee the rights of citizens so as to supply the basic systematical guarantee for government administration based on guaranteeing the rights of citizens.


There are number of issues in soft drink industries' mode of GAC operation, however, this study focuses on three issues like control of regeneration breakthrough in line with Chlorine and THM breakthrough; its frequency of regeneration and finally the competitive adsorption of different THM on two different types of GAC and extrapolation of result to full scale plant. All the experiments were conducted using rapid small scale column test (RSSCT). And for de-chlorination experiment, deionized water spiked with 2 mg/L chlorine (HOCl) was used. On the other hand, for THM's removal experiment, deionized model water was used with two THM species (chloroform, bromoform or mixture of both components) at a total THM concentration of approximately 80 µg/L. In the experiments, GAC breakthrough curves were established with RSSCT protocol. Therefore, in this study, GAC regeneration is reveled to be controlled by THMs removal. And, RSSCT suggests that in the treatment plant (THMs concentration in feed water of approximately 80 µg/L) Calgon F200 GAC (empty bed contact time (EBCT) = 7.12 min) could treat up to 12000BV before breakthrough of 10 µg/L and this would correspond to 2 months operation. In this study, both Calgon F200 and Norit GCN 1240 also demonstrated in RSSCT experiments that THMs can be effectively reduced below 10 µg/L. However, RSSCT-chloroform adsorption showed slightly higher capacity of Norit GCN 1240 at lower concentration ( 50 µg/L) for Co= 79.8 ± 4.30 µg chloroform/L and EBCT of 0.31 min.

 Key words: Granular activated carbon (GAC), rapid small scale column test (RSSCT), bromoform, chloroform, de-chlorination and trihalomethanes (THMs).


From the beginning part of this century, we have witnessed a dramatic improvement in the prognosis of patients with SLE. Several factors have contributed to this improvement, such as a better understanding of the pathophysiology, recognizing the essential role of the kidney biopsy in defining and


As an innovative optical method, the laser induced thermal grating technique has been used for the measurement of the thermophysical properties of working fulids. This measurement technique has been developed to determine thermophysical properties nuder special conditions, particularly in the fields related to high technology research and development. These special conditions include electrical conductivity, corrosiveness, toxicity and anisotropy of the sample, and extremely high or low temperatures and pressures. In the present paper, the authors interpreted in detail the principle, measuring technique and experimental apparatus for determining the thermal diffusivity of liquids using the lader induced thermal grating technique. Some typical measuring results were presented and compared with those from other sources.


The ease of obtaining fish, especially seawater fish, makes the people of Sajad Subdistrict interested in selling fish, based on observations there are 18 to 20 people selling vegetables and seawater fish in Sajad District. The purpose of the study was to determine the level of fish consumption in Sajad District. The method used is descriptive quantitative, sample data taken as many as 98 samples and processed using SPSS version 24. R2 value of 0.476 means the independent variable, family (X1), number of family members (X2), perception of fish prices (X3), tastes (X4), the level of education (X5) simultaneously affects the amount of fish consumption (Y) by 47.6%. The results of the F test show that Fcount 16,703 > Ftable 2,31, tvalue for taste = 7,606 > ttable = 1,989 and significant value 0.000 < 0.05. The respondent's taste variable (X4) is the dominant factor that affects the level of fish consumption.


Cross sections have been calculated for the Penning ionization of ground-state potassium atoms in collisions with metastable He(2 /sup 1,3/S) atoms for the range of center-of-mass-system energies 0.01 eVless than or equal toEless than or equal to1.0 eV. The cross sections were calculated using ab initio ptical potentials. The real part of the optical potential was obtained by adjusting the potential curve resulting from a configuration-interaction (CI) calculation performed on the HeK molecule so as to include the correct van der Waals asymptotic form. The imaginary part was obtained by performing a Stieltjes moment analysis of a discrete (L/sup 2/) representation of the HeK/sup +/+e/sup -/ continuum generated in a CI procedure. The calculated cross section for He(2 /sup 3/S) scattered from K at E = 0.032 eV is in good agreement with stationary afterglow measurements at room temperature. A nearly degenerate core-excited state of potassium (which has a curve crossing with the He(2 /sup 3/S)K molecular state) is then explicitly included in a Landau-Zener formulation which further increases the calculated cross section, but it still agrees well with the room-temperature measurements. Elastic differential cross sections for He(2 /sup 1/S) on K are also reported.


introduction The quantity and diversity of information available from public government sources is now quite large. Most people associate governmental information exclusively with prescriptive information such as laws and regulations. However, governments , especially local ones, are using the Web to provide a number of services that are mainly informative and aim at improving the quality of life of citizens and at promoting the local community , for example job placement services, tourist information, and so forth. Finally, government e-services available to citizens represent one of the most frequent and critical points of contact between public administrations and citizens. In addition to common services such as ID cards and permits, e-services represent the only practical way of providing incentives and support to specific classes of citizens. The key problem is that information must be findable (Morville, 2002). Easy and effective user-centric access to complex information is therefore one of the most critical functionalities of e-government. Without timely and accurate information, the participation of citizens in the government is likely to be an illusion: in short, no democracy without knowledge. Traditional access paradigms are not suited to most search tasks, which are exploratory and imprecise in essence. The user needs to explore the information base, find relationships among concepts and thin out alternatives in a guided way. New access paradigms supporting exploration are needed. Since the goal is end-user interactive access, a holistic approach, in which modeling, interface and interaction issues are considered together, must be used and will be discussed in this chapter.


. The activities of the central bank of Russia for the period since 1860 for 1991 has deen analyzed. It was concluded that the author concludes that the state banks of Russia both during the Russian Empire and after 1917 in addition to the special functions of central banks, constantly implemented the functions of development banks. It was suggested using this historical experience to accelerate economic growth in Russia. It is proposed to expand the funding of existing (Vneshekonombank, the Industri-al Development Fund) and new development institutions by issuing and selling bonds. Using the experience of international multilateral banks in selecting and supporting investment projects will improve the efficiency of Russian development institutions.


Orbital morphology in Crouzon-Pfeiffer and Apert syndromes before and after surgical correction:study by 3D cephalometry, semi-automatic segmentation and 3D shape comparison


At present,multiculture exerts important impact on vocational college students whose core values hasn't formed yet.Meanwhile,multiculture presents both many opportunities and challenges to values education among vocational students.Values education can be rich in content,diversified in methods and immediate in communication.However,the effect of values education is not obvious due to loss of spirit,confusion over values weakens the function of values education;and network transmission of multiculture squeezes the time and space of values education.It requires researchers and educators to think about values education actively and deal with it seriously.


Light , a mutation of coat color in mice was first reported by MacDowell ( '50). The light gene (Bit) was demonstrated to be closely linked and epistatic to black (B) if not allelomorphic to it. Gross observations revealed a marked reduction in the pigmentation of the body hairs of BIt homozygotes (lights) and a less pronounced effect in heterozygotes (darks) . More detailed information relating to the normal phenotypic expression of the gene is lacking. In view of the potential importance of the light mouse for experimental studies of pigmentation, further attention to the problem of the action of the gene on coat coloration appears to be warranted. I n the present study, particular attention has been given to the effects of BIt on the nature and distribution of melanin pigment within individual hairs, the genesis of melanin within melanocytes of the hair follicles, and the behavior of follicular melanocytes during hair growth cycles. To test for the possible influence on its expression of other major genes controlling coat coloration, the gene was introduced into a variety of genetic backgrounds by suitable matings of light with mice of other strains.


At CLEO '85 we reported an efficient flashlamp-pumped titanium-doped sapphire laser capable of output energies of several hundred millijoules. Despite advances in efficiency, however, high-power operation of the laser was still limited in part by short flashlamp life (~103 shots). We now report a system with greatly extended flashlamp life (105–106 shot), which for the first time makes possible a flashlamp-pumped system with multiwatt average power.


We devised a method for calculating the plan of formation of single-group freight trains, which is based on the use of genetic algorithms as the optimization method. Development of the method is predetermined by the need to improve accuracy in calculations and quality of making management decisions in the area of organization of railcar traffic under modern conditions. A mathematical model is constructed that uses accumulation parameters as stochastic variables. This will make it possible to find the most rational variant of the plan for train formation. The simulation we performed demonstrated effectiveness of the method devised. The method developed demonstrated improved accuracy of about 3 per cent relative to the classical analytical methods. The method makes it possible to consider the limitations on the throughput and processing capacity of technical stations and throughput capacity of the sections. This method uses parameters of accumulation as stochastic variable that makes it possible to find a more efficient variant of the plan for train formation. These capabilities allow us to consider a possibility of applying this method as a basis for building an integrated automated system for managing railcar traffic, which will bring together the tasks of strategic and operational planning at the new qualitative level. Creating such a system, in turn, might provide opportunities for strengthening the systems effect, reducing downtime of railcars, increasing profitability and competitiveness of freight rail transport.


We propose a general scheme for studying separably reducible properties in metric spaces and then apply it to obtain separable determinacy of Lipschitz property and the separable determinacy of slopes. 2020


In this paper, we study Riemannian submersions from a Riemannian manifold endowed with a quarter-symmetric non-metric connection onto a Riemannian manifold. We investigate O'Neill's tensor fields for quarter-symmetric non-metric connection and derive the covariant derivative of O'Neill's tensor fields. We obtain derivatives of those tensor fields and compare curvatures of the total manifold, the base manifold, and the fibers by computing curvatures.


The author presents an interesting experiment involving the determination of soil conductivity which can be introduced as a homework problem in an introductory course in electromagnetic theory. The experiment utilizes the two important topics of resistance-capacitance analogy and transmission line capacitance treated in typical courses. >


During the course of constructing learning society, the every - one and every - time learning mode has become the necessary demand for constructing modern police mechanism. However, policemen were puzzled over by redundant and inefficient methods. To solve this problem, we should extrude the personal advantage of learning method and sparkplug the concept of happy study.


Significance Angiogenesis is a key physiological or pathological process leading to the growth of new blood vessels from existing ones. This process frequently occurs in the presence of inflammation in the same tissue due to infection-, damage-, or cancer-induced tissue disruption. How the cues controlling angiogenesis and inflammation interact and affect the newly forming vessels is not completely understood. In this study, using a combination of modeling and experiment, we show that a proinflammatory cue can either enhance or suppress angiogenesis, depending on its dose. The change between these 2 opposite roles is very sharp and modulated by accessory cells, called pericytes. These findings can inform our understanding of angiogenesis in different settings, including wound healing and cancer. Angiogenesis frequently occurs in the context of acute or persistent inflammation. The complex interplay of proinflammatory and proangiogenic cues is only partially understood. Using an experimental model, permitting exposure of developing blood vessel sprouts to multiple combinations of diverse biochemical stimuli and juxtacrine cell interactions, we present evidence that a proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), can have both proangiogenic and antiangiogenic effects, depending on the dose and the presence of pericytes. In particular, we find that pericytes can rescue and enhance angiogenesis in the presence of otherwise-inhibitory high TNF doses. This sharp switch from proangiogenic to antiangiogenic effect of TNF observed with an escalating dose of this cytokine, as well as the effect of pericytes, are explained by a mathematical model trained on the biochemical data. Furthermore, this model was predictive of the effects of diverse combinations of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cues, and variable pericyte coverage. The mechanism supports the effect of TNF and pericytes as modulating signaling networks impinging on Notch signaling and specification of the Tip and Stalk phenotypes. This integrative analysis elucidates the plasticity of the angiogenic morphogenesis in the presence of diverse and potentially conflicting cues, with immediate implications for many physiological and pathological settings.


The goals of the formation of the Common Digital Space of Scientific Knowledge (CDSSK) are formulated, which are aimed at providing information support for scientific research, supporting educational processes, popularizing science, and ensuring the preservation of scientific knowledge. Accordingly, the contingent of users of the CDSSK and the tasks that need to be solved in the process of forming the Space are determined.


Gamma-ray emission from AGN provides us with unprecedented insights into the physics of extragalactic jets. The emission from these jets fits naturally into the existing theoretical framework of relativistic jets as inferred from parsec scale and kiloparsec scale observations. Models of the γ-ray fluxes give us important knowledge of jet parameters, in particular magnetic fields and the size of the emitting region. For example, in the case of Markarian 501, the jet plasma is subequipartiion and the energy flux is particle dominated. Discussion of the physics of jets on the subparsec scale leads naturally to questions of jet composition. The dynamics of jets are consistent with conventional electron-proton composition if the minimum Lorentz factors, γmin>100. Jets can be electron-position if γmin≈100.


Indoor air quality and energy efficiency were the primary objectives during the design phase for the mechanical systems of the One Utah Center. The 24-story, 419,000 ft{sup 2} (38,925 m{sup 2}) office tower in downtown Salt Lake City was completed in 1991 and was 97 % occupied by late 1993. The building has exhibited exceptional energy efficiency in its mechanical system through the use of evaporative cooling, variable speed pumping and thermal storage. The mechanical system utilizes an indirect evaporative/chilled water/direct evaporative cooling system that furnishes over 80 % of the building`s annual cooling requirements without the use of mechanical refrigeration. The system provides 100 % outside air to the building whenever the outside temperature is above 53 F (12 C). Because the discharge air temperature is maintained at 53 F (12 C), the absolute humidity of the supply air is identical to a conventional chilled water system. An analysis of makeup air requirements and annual operating hours versus outdoor wet bulb temperature data can show a viable payback period for this system in many locations and applications. Because the system uses 100% outside air during all cooling hours, buildings requiring large amounts of makeup air have experienced exceptionally lowmore » power costs. The two-stage evaporative/chilled water system demonstrated here provides improved indoor air quality and economical cooling even in areas with low power costs.« less


ABSTRACT The study aimed to examine the relationship between the practice of judo and different spatial abilities. Several individual measures, including spatial tasks and questionnaires on wayfinding inclinations, were administered to 52 judo experts and 45 non-athlete controls. After learning by navigating in a virtual environment, participants were measured on their route retracing and shortcut finding performance. The results showed that judo practitioners had greater spatial abilities (especially in mental rotation) and a stronger sense of direction than controls, but were no better in wayfinding performance. A structural equation model showed that the practice of judo had an indirect effect on wayfinding (inclinations and performance), mediated by spatial abilities. These results are discussed in the theoretical frame of spatial cognition and sport.


Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) is used to accelerate bone repair through the growth factors released by platelets. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if PRP induce human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) to express mRNA for osteogenic growth factors and stimulate the migration of bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC). The effects of PRP were compared to those induced by vascular endothelial growth factor‐A (VEGF‐A) or, as a negative control, by platelet poor plasma (PPP). After incubation with PRP, but not with PPP, HUVEC showed an increased expression of mRNA for platelet derived growth factor‐B (PDGF‐B), and this effect was not inhibited by an anti‐VEGF‐A antibody. The migration of BMSC was more stimulated by HUVEC incubated with PRP than by HUVEC incubated with low serum medium or PPP. Besides, PRP increased the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and osteoprotegerin, but did not affect the expression either of the receptor activator for nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) or of RANK. These findings support the hypothesis that PRP contribute to bone repair by favoring the pro‐osteogenic function of endothelial cells, including the recruitment of osteoblast precursors and the expression of adhesion molecules for monocyte/macrophages, while inhibiting their pro‐osteolytic properties. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:1493–1498, 2009


Two types of full-scale, in situ tests were conducted in Van Mijen Fiord in March 2013, Barents Sea in May 2013 and Lyb Lake in November 2014. Tests conducted were: (a) cantilever beam tests to determine flexural strength and (b) fixed-end beam tests to determine flexural and compressive strengths. The results of these tests are presented here. Short-term loading of floating ice sheets to failure was investigated. The focus was on flexural strength of the first-year sea ice and fresh water ice. To determine flexural strength cantilever beam tests for a wide range of length-to-thickness ratio L/h were conducted. In fixed-end beam tests two different failure modes have been observed. For ratio L/h>6, initial bending mode of fixed-end beam transform to equilibrium of block structure after propagation of cracks in the center and the roots of a fixed-end beam. The equilibrium of block structure is provided by wedging action as proposed by Sodhi (1998). We present two approaches to explore the transition from the whole beam to block structure: (1) numerical simulation, and (2) full-scale measurements in field tests. For L/h<6 other failure scenario takes place. The cracks break a centre-edge ice block from the beam. This failure type, named punch effect, is a brittle failure in shear. In this case the crushing can be attributed to shear failure envelope in compressive-tensile quadrant (Schulson et al, 1999, 2006). Results of the numerical transition simulation, the stress distributions in vertical, horizontal and diagonal planes of the ice beam are presented for various L/h ratio. Also, the brittle failure mechanism is discussed.


. The new MPEG- H/H.265 High Efficien cy Video Coding(HEVC) standard greatly promotes the video compression efficiency and also creates new opportunitie s and challenges in perceptual video coding. To measure the perceptual quality, Mean Opinion Score (MOS) is obtained by averaging human scores in subjective test. But its value cannot necessarily represent exact difference between the human opinions. To solve this problem, interval MOS (iMOS) method, which employs the distribution information of human scores to measure the difference between MOS values with deviations, is introduced. Furthermore, the feasibility of using iMOS to evaluate compressed video quality is confirmed by experiments.


philosophy? Does empire? Do economists have any particular insight into these topics? Do we have any professional obligations when faced with the threats and circumstances of wartime or the rise of imperial pretension? The topic receives little enough attention, yet the philosophical tradition of our discipline is broadly antiwar. This is not, as some suppose, because commerce is inherently a pursuit of the peace loving. Quite to the contrary. As Kunibert Raffer (1987) has shown, trade between the strong and the weak was through history generally forced by the former on the latter typically when the option of pillage was not available. Mercantilism was a doctrine of trade as war by other means. To the mercantilist, the accumulation of surplus served the same purposes as the privateer. But opposition to mercantilism was the hallmark of the first modern economists. Seen in this light, Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations (1776) is a pro-peace tract. Smith identified the fund of labor as the source of wealth, and he did so in order to undermine the rationale for the pursuit of trade surpluses. Further, by making the distinction between productive and unproductive employments (with soldiery counted among the latter), Smith placed expenditure on the military firmly among those types of spending to be kept as small as possible; he


In studies of the phosphorylated proteins in Walker-256 carcinosarcoma, it was established that the ratio of P-N linkages to P-O linkages on histone H1 varied between 0.6 to 1.0. Histone H1 was phosphorylated in vivo and isolated under all neutral conditions employing a dextran/polyethylene glycol two-phase system and Bio-Rex 70 chromatography.


This paper aims to apply Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method for measuring and getting the ranking position between Cameroon and Gabon port over 4 other ports in the west and central Africa to compare the efficiency of those two ports and having their current ranking position for eight years (2010-2017) between them over the other ports. After that, use System Dynamic (SD) to forecast the future container cargo throughput by invest in port and improve the level of services of Gabon port, for it is able to become a gateway port of central Africa.


Load forecasting is an important tool for both the energy and environmental sectors. It has progressed hand-in-hand with machine learning innovation, where recurrent neural networks, a type of artificial neural network, is primarily used. This thesis compares progressively complex, feed-forward artificial neural networks using a mix of weather and temporal data. We demonstrate that electrical load in New Jersey can be reliably predicted using memory-less algorithms with minimal predictors drawn from preexisting public data sources. The methods used in this thesis could be used to build competitive load forecasting models in other states, and if included in diverse model ensembles, may generate significant improvements.


Why do we no longer trust experts, facts and statistics?
Why has politics become so fractious and warlike?
What caused the populist political upheavals of recent years?
How can the history of ideas help us understand our present?


Introduction and research purpose The study of digital and interactive information and communication technologies--so called "new media"--provides opportunities to reflect on several aspects of engagement; whether the focus is on users, technologies, or both issues of participation, mediation, and perception can be meaningfully explored. Moreover, broader questions arise when considering the shifts in socio-technical arrangements that arise as consequences of new media in different contexts, and when used by diverse groups of people. Questions include, what are the boundaries between the user and the device (Latour, 2012; Suchman, 2006; Orlikowski, 2002; Star, 1989); between traditional and new media (Marvin, 1988; Jenkins, 2006; Bolter, Grusin, & Grusin, 2000); between the information literate and the illiterate (Spitzer, Eisenberg & Lowe, 1998; Lewis & Jhally, 1998; Jones & Flannigan, 2006); and between ability and disability (Harlan, 1993; Sutherland, 1997; Barnes, 2003; Peppler & Warschauer, 2011)? This article reports on a comparative media study of adults with intellectual disabilities who used tablet devices for visual storytelling, and explores the role of sensory perception in boundary explorations. Science and technology studies (STS) scholars have focused on the roles that technologies play in providing platforms for participation and inclusion. Moser (2006) employs feminist theory to explore how technologies contribute to processes of making, unmaking, and reproduction of definitions of disability. Notions of power and control are highly integrated when examining technology use, the disabled, and the disenfranchised. In the history of the evolution of digital technologies from pre-industrial revolution to more recent times we observe that many times technological practices transferred from communities of experts to less skilled communities unwittingly, and when this occurs there is the potential for an opening up of the status-quo, further potential for power shifts, and consequently shifts in the ways that we understand the social order and each other (Innis, 2007; Marvin, 1988; Ling & McEwen, 2010). However, as Goggin and Newell (2003) argue these potentialities do not always lead to the types of participation from the (dis)abled as we could imagine and often new media implementations reinforce existing social structures, particularly when viewed in in an abled-disabled comparative dichotomy. The curiosity at the heart of this research is less about issues of power-as-agency as it is about power that may arise via the process of making art using technologies--instead of a comparison between abled and disabled people; we focus on those with disabilities and compare instead the media themselves. We conjectured that there is a relationship involving artistic expression, specific forms of technological mediation, and communication, experienced by persons for whom communication is impaired through disability. McLuhan (2003) anticipated the close relationship between art and media, particularly in reference to the ways that they combine to influence our senses. For McLuhan (2003) "art provides the training and perception, the tuning or updating of the senses during technological advance" (p. 208). While the results of this study may be instructive to a broader population of people we focus on users with disabilities as they are a group for whom the use of new media technologies are sometimes assumed to be less useful in non-therapeutic applications. In the spirit of STS scholarship, which has incorporated and resurrected earlier technoscience scholarship including McLuhan's Laws of Media (Fuller, 2007, p. 2), we seek an understanding of how new media could alter disabled users' engagement with art-making as expression and participation, and in so doing open the status quo, and shift the ways that we may understand each other. Background and influences This study was inspired by students who are members of the Visual Storytelling Club (VSC), an extra-curricular art initiative for adults with moderate intellectual disabilities who are enrolled in a college program in Toronto, Canada. …


Activity coefficients at infinite dilution (γ ∞ 13 ) for 34 solutes: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, cycloalkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, thiophene, ethers, acetone, and water in the ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate ([hmim][SCN]) were determined by gas—liquid chromatography over temperature range from (298.15 to 368.15) K. The partial molar excess enthalpies at infinite dilution values (ΔH E,∞ i ) were calculated from the experimental γ ∞ 13 values, obtained over the temperature range. The selectivities for aliphatic/aromatic hydrocarbon separation problems were calculated from the γ ∞ 13 and compared to the literature values for other ionic liquids with a thiocyanate-based anion or a -C≡N group in an anion or a cation, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) and sulfolane.


The effects of pump intensities and applied electric fields on radiation fields excited by the nonlocal interaction between terahertz waves and AlGaAs/GaAs quantum wells (QWs) are investigated. The numerical results show the resonant radiation fields are very large in the confinement direction, and their spectra and spatial distributions are tunable by the applied electric field. In addition, it is clarified that the second-order and third-order nonlinearities will emerge when the pump intensity reaches 108 and 109 W/m2 orders of magnitude, respectively, and the latter makes the second-harmonic (SH) intensity derivate from the expected square law dependence on the pump intensity, even induces the system into saturation. The maximum SH conversion efficiency is 4.3×10−4. These results are helpful for the accurate observations on the nonlinear optical effects in the QWs by experiment.


In this paper, some key problems such as damp-proof, day-lighting, ventilation and disaster prevention etc in development and utilization of underground space were discussed. Finally, the importance, particularity and solution of these problems were discussed.


In order to alleviate quinclorac's harmfulness on flue-tobacco,repaired effects of the quinclorac degrading bacteria HN36 on plant height,leaf length and width,fresh and dry weight,cellulose activity,and content of amino acids of tobacco stressed by quinclorac were studied according to a pot experiment.The results indicated that HN36 could relieve the inhibition of the plant height,leaf length and leaf width,and decrease the cellulase activity and the content of amino acids of tobacco leaf.As the concentration of HN36 in soil increased,the repaired effect became better and better.In contrast to tobacco damaged by quinclorac,at 30 days after transplanting,by the treatment of 3×1010 HN36 cells per kilogram of dry soil,the plant height,leaf length and width of tobacco increased 63.46%,56.51% and 95.07%,respectively;the fresh weight and dry weight of overground parts of tobacco increased 47.24% and 17.65% while underground parts increased 105.60% and 136.84%;the cellulose activity and the content of amino acids of tobacco leaf decreased 46.39% and 35.46%.The residual quinclorac in soil treated by 3×1010 HN36 cells per kilogram of dry soil could not cause harm to tobacco at 30 days after transplanting.In the treatment of 3×1010 and 3×109 HN36 cells HN36 per kilogram of dry soil,the residual quinclorac in soil even could not be detected at 60 days after transplanting.In general,among repaired effects of HN36 on flue-cured tobacco and soil which were stressed by quinclorac,3×1010 HN36 cells per kilogram of dry soil was the best,followed by 3×109 and 3×108.


Cold spraying is a coating technique, in which the formation of dense, tightly bonded coatings occurs only due to the kinetic energy of high velocity particles of the spray powder. These particles are still in the solid state as they impinge on the substrate. This study correlates physicomechanical properties of the fcc metals Al, Cu, and Ni with the respective microstructures of their cold sprayed coatings in the light of scanning and transmission electron microscopical investigations. It is found that the microstructures of these coatings differ substantially from each other, and the results are discussed in the light of melting temperatures and stacking fault energies.


This report is an introduction to Artificial Neural Networks. The various types of neural networks are explained and demonstrated, applications of neural networks like ANNs in face recognition is described, and a detailed historical background is provided. The connection between the artificial and the real thing is also investigated and explained. Finally, the applications of neural Networks. I. Introduction Throughout the years, the computational changes have brought growth to new technologies. Such is the case of artificial neural networks, that over the years, they have given various solutions to the industry. Designing and implementing intelligent systems has become a crucial factor for the innovation and development of better products for society. Such is the case of the implementation of artificial life as well as giving solution to interrogatives that linear systems are not able resolve. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is an information processing paradigm that is inspired by the way biological nervous systems, such as the brain, process information. A trained neural network can be thought of as an "expert" in the category of information it has been given to analyze. This expert can then be used to provide projections given new situations of interest and answer "what if" questions. II. Use of neural networks


Nowadays, more and more people choose the possibility of sharing goods and services. This trend is on one hand utilized by the possibilities given through the digitalization and on the other hand forced by restricted resources and environmental issues. The great success of platform services as Airbnb and Uber shows the potential of a platform business model. This development already caused significant changes in many markets and businesses but has not yet been holistically established in the field of Supply Chain Management of SMEs. Especially Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) struggle with adapting to innovation progress. This paper aims to evolve a strategy to integrate the main idea of the sharing economy and its platform-based business model into the Supply Chain Management of SMEs. Therefore, the requirements of SMEs among their Supply Chains are classified and the idea of the sharing economy is implemented and evaluated concerning its applicability. The benefits are validated by implementing existing traditional Supply Chains and their performance in comparison to Supply Chains which adapted to the properties of the sharing economy. This research presents the applicability and contribution of the principals of the sharing economy to the sector of Supply Chain Management in SMEs. This will empower SMEs to save costs, be more flexible and therefore improve their current market value.


Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) produce IFN-I in response to viruses and are routinely identified in mice by SiglecH expression. SiglecH is a sialic acid–binding Ig-like lectin that has an immunomodulatory role during viral infections. In this study, we evaluated the impact of SiglecH deficiency on cytokine responses in the presence and absence of pDC. We found that lack of SiglecH enhanced IFN-I responses to viral infection, regardless of whether pDC were depleted. We also examined the expression pattern of SiglecH and observed that it was expressed by specialized macrophages and progenitors of classical dendritic cells and pDC. Accordingly, marginal zone macrophages and pDC precursors were eliminated in newly generated SiglecH–diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR)–transgenic (Tg) mice but not in CLEC4C-DTR–Tg mice after diphtheria toxin (DT) treatment. Using two bacterial models, we found that SiglecH-DTR–Tg mice injected with DT had altered bacterial uptake and were more susceptible to lethal Listeria monocytogenes infection than were DT-treated CLEC4C-DTR–Tg mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that lack of SiglecH may affect cytokine responses by cell types other than pDC during viral infections, perhaps by altering viral distribution or burden, and that cell depletion in SiglecH-DTR–Tg mice encompasses more than pDC. The Journal of Immunology , 2014, 192: 000–000. mice. We found that purified pDC from SiglecH eGFP/eGFP (SiglecH-deficient) and WT mice produced similar amounts of IFN- a after stimulation with CpGA or murine CMV (MCMV) ex vivo. In vivo, infection with MCMV, but not CpGA administration, resulted in increased serum IFN- a levels in SiglecH eGFP/eGFP mice. These data suggested that lack of SiglecH might influence cytokine responses by pDC or perhaps other cell types in vivo during an active viral infection. To investigate this, we bred heterozygous SiglecH eGFP/+ and homozygous SiglecH eGFP/eGFP mice to CLEC4C-DTR–Tg mice to distinguish the effect of SiglecH deletion from pDC depletion. Ablation of pDC in CLEC4C-DTR–Tg 3 SiglecH eGFP/eGFP mice revealed that lack of SiglecH enhanced IFN-I responses to viral infection in the presence and absence of pDC.


Review questions/objective What is the effectiveness of meaningful occupation interventions for people living with dementia in residential aged care facilities?  More specifically, the objectives are to identify:  The effectiveness of interventions based on engaging residents of residential aged care facilities who have dementia in meaningful occupation (activities that have meaning for the individual) on: quality of life, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (such as agitation, aggression, depression, wandering, apathy, etc.), mood, function, cognition, and sleep. Inclusion criteria Types of participants This review will consider studies that include participants with a confirmed diagnosis of any type of dementia living in residential aged care facilities / long term care/nursing homes/permanent care.   Types of intervention(s)/phenomena of interest This review will consider studies that evaluate non-pharmacological interventions that are based on occupational or activity interventions considered to be meaningful to the person with dementia, and tailoring the intervention to meet their needs, abilities, interests and/or preferences will be required as part of the study's methodology. Such interventions may include reminiscence therapy, exercise therapy, music therapy, individualized activity, behavioral interventions, recreational therapy, diversional therapy and psychosocial interventions. Trials of combinations of two or more such interventions will also be considered. Interventions may be in comparison to usual care, other meaningful occupation interventions, or any other non-pharmacological control or comparator.   Types of outcomes This review will consider studies that include the following outcome measures: 1) quality of life, as measured by a validated tool such as Dementia Quality of Life, Quality TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS


The use of saline water for irrigation is very common in cultivation of melon in semiarid zones, which can result in the soil salinization if irrigation management is not appropriate. The growth and accumulation of N, P and K by melon (Cucumis melo, L.) irrigated with saline water was evaluated. Treatments resulted from the combination of the factors irrigation water salinity levels (1.1; 2.5 and 4.5 dS m-1) and melon materials (hybrid Trusty and cultivar Orange Flesh). Treatments were arranged following a completely randomized block design with four replications, arranged in 3 x 2 factorial. Another factor analyzed was time of sampling and results were interpreted by multivariate analysis. Plants were divided into two portions after sampling (leaves plus stems and fruit), and dry matter, N, P and K contents were determined. Nutrient accumulation in fruits and plant growth decreased with increasing water salinity. On average, 57.1%, 67.1% and 70.0% of N, P and K absorbed by plant were allocated in fruits, showing that fruits are the main drain for these nutrients in melon.


As fiberoptics industries have been attempting to use a silica preform of larger diameter in order to reduce facility down time and increase optical fiber manufacturing productivity, this computational study investigates how the use of large sized preform in sized up draw furnace affects high speed glass fiber drawing process. Present computational model for glass fiber drawing simulations employs iterative scheme between one-dimensional momentum balance model for neck-down profile of heated and softened preform and two-dimensional axisymmetric thermo-fluid computations of convective and radiative heat transport for preform heating and purge gas flow inside muffle tube. Prediction of preform neck-down shape for 10 cm diameter preform has been verified with measured profile from actual optical fiber drawing test. The effects of larger preform diameter up to 20 cm are appreciated and discussed on temperature distribution of preform and drawn glass fiber and fiber draw tension. This study also shows that fine control of heating condition is necessary to maintain proper amount of draw tension in high precision glass fiber drawing.


Many communication systems are bandwidth-expanding: the transmitted signal occupies a bandwidth larger than the symbol rate. The sampling theorems of Kotelnikov, Shannon, Nyquist et al. discussed by Unser (see Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 88, no.4, p.569-87, 2000) shows that in order to represent a bandlimited signal, it is necessary to sample at what is popularly referred to as the Shannon or Nyquist rate. However, in many systems, the required sampling rate is very high and expensive to implement. We show that it is possible to get suboptimal performance by sampling close to the symbol rate of the signal, using well-studied algorithmic components. This work is based on previous results on sampling for some classes of non-bandlimited signals. We extend these sampling results to the case when there is noise. In our exposition, we use ultra wideband (UWB) signals as an example of how our framework can be applied.


In 1986, Congress enacted Public Law 99-457, Part H of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). This law, currently referred to as Part C, was established in response to the growing number of children born with developmental delays. Infants born prematurely, addicted to drugs, or with conditions such as Down Syndrome face challenging lives. Part C allows for eligible infants, ages birth to three years to receive free early intervention services to address their individual delays. Previous studies have shown that children who have participated in early intervention programs have benefited in various areas of their overall development. The purpose of this study is to examine parents' perceptions of the effects of early intervention services on adaptive functioning in toddlers who are enrolled in a center-based early intervention program. The present study utilized archival data from a random sample of children (N=75) who were enrolled in a center-based program at the Infant and Child Learning Center located in Brooklyn, New York. The majority of participants in the sample were African-American (f=93.3%) and male (f=73.3%). The children ranged in age from four to twenty-eight months prior to beginning the program, with a mean age in months of M=19.24 (SD=5.02). At postintervention, the children ranged in age from twenty-one to thirty-seven months, mean age in months M=32.12 (SD=1.99). The mean duration of enrollment in the program in months was M=11.83 (SD=2.65) and ranged from seven to eighteen months. The results of this study showed that parents did, in fact, believe that their children made improvements after attending the program. EFFECTS OF EARLY INTERVENTION SERVICES v


[Objective] The aim was to explore a simple and effective extraction method for extracting genome DNA of single aphid.[Method] With peach aphids from different areas as the tested materials,the improved KAC method and optimized KAC method were taken to extract the genome DNA of single aphids.The concn.of obtained DNA(OD260/280) was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometer and its purity was determined by 0.8% agarose gel electrophoresis.The extraction effects of 2 methods were compared.The DNA obtained by optimized KAC method was amplified with PCR and detected by electrophoresis.[Result] The OD260/280 of single aphids genome DNA extracted with optimized KAC method was 1.6-1.9 and its concn.was 20-50 ng/g.The OD260/280 of single aphids genome DNA extracted with improved KAC method was 1.4-1.7 and its concn.was 8-25 ng/g.The electrophoresis strip of PCR amplification products of single aphids genome DNA from the same area was similar.[Conclusion] The concn.and purity of aphids genome DNA extracted with optimized KAC method were higher.


This study presents the development and content validation of an instrument assessing the ability to communicate among individuals with aphasia. The study consists of three stages: (i) Selection and definition of the component dimensions and areas, construction of items assessing these dimensions, administration instructions, and qualitative criteria for assigning diagnoses; (ii) Face validity and content validity; (iii) Pilot test. The tentative questionnaire was designed using two defining characteristics of the NANDA-I ("Impaired verbal communication" and "Readiness for enhanced communication") and the NOC outcome indicators "Communication", "Communication: Expressive", "Communication: Receptive", and "Information Processing". The areas and items reached initial content validity index (CVI) and representativeness index (RI) values of 0.87 and above. Those that did not reach the expected values were modified after expert review. The resulting questionnaire was pilot-tested for feasibility and administration times. An instrument containing five dimensions, fourteen areas, and 43 items was obtained and administered in 15 (12–31) minutes. A panel of experts evaluated the final questionnaire (CEECCA), awarding its areas and items CVI and RI values of 0.90 and above. In the absence of further psychometric studies, the questionnaire appears to be useful for assessing ability to communicate in individuals with aphasia.


As the institution of university has evolved into a highly diverse educational community, the language of communication (or linguistic capital) in higher education plays a vital role. Therefore, English as a medium of instruction (EMI) became the dominant characteristic of academia in many parts of a (globalized) world. This growing influence of EMI has affected the scope of both higher education and academic research. Being a linguistic form of capital, the significance of English as a major linguistic resource can be analyzed historically since the institution of university was founded. In fact, EMI seems to have challenged the linguistic diversity and accessibility to higher education in the contemporary world. The case of Canadian higher education highlights new directions in the exploitation of the linguistic capital at university, and the emerging concept of a multilingual university could offer some unique opportunities for knowledge mobilization and access to higher education. Thus, the issue of linguistic capital at the current (globalized) university needs to be re-examined.


Arq. Inst. Biol., v.84, 1-6, e0992016, 2017 ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the stress and changes in white blood cell count of juveniles Oreochromis niloticus subjected to acute toxicity of diesel oil. The toxicity was evaluated in a completely randomized design with five dilutions (20, 25, 30, 35 and 40%) and one control, both with three replicates. For the assessment of blood glucose levels and changes in white blood cell count, blood was drawn by caudal puncture of the dying fish. It was concluded that diesel oil can present risks to aquatic ecosystem, causing toxicity and physiological changes to fish.


Recently, we observed the inversion of in-phase electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal with an increase of pumping microwave power in single substitutional nitrogen center (P1 center) in high-pressure high-temperature diamond crystals [1] and chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond films [2]. Nowadays, possible mechanisms of this phenomenon is under study [3,4]. In this paper, we present quantum-chemical calculations of P1 center and discuss possible interpretation of the maser effect due to Jahn-Teller character of P1 center.


Crohn's disease(CD) is a lifelong disease and the precise aetiology is still unknown.Differences in the definitions and diagnosis between clinicians make direct influence on therapeutic efficacy on CD.This article overviewed the progresses on the definitions such as staging,relapse,and diagnosis of Crohn's disease in these years in order to decrease the mistakes and be helpful to institute sensible and effective therapeutic regimen.


The provisional regulation level for deoxynivalenol in wheat is 1.1mg/kg in Japan. However, the regulation level for nivalenol and the occurrence of trichothecenes in rice still remain as matters to be settled. In this paper, we described a risk assessment for daily exposure of trichothecene mycotoxin based on the data obtained for wheat and rice harvested in 2002. By empoloying the weighted mean of trichothecene contamination levels, the trichothecenes risk in Japan was evaluated. The tolerable daily intake of the trichothecenes in Japanese dietary intake was also described.


A recently developed membraneless extraction module (MLEM) for sample preparation aiming the analysis of volatile and semi-volatile compounds is applied in the voltammetric analysis of total sulfites in wine. Square-wave voltammetry (SWV) is very advantageous in this case because sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) is instrumentally directly detected. The developed method shows good repeatability (RSD lower than 5%) and linearity (between 20 to 220 mg l –1 ) as well as suitable limits of detection (6 mg l –1 ) and quantification (19 mg l –1 ). The proposed method was also compared with the reference methodology (an iodimetry, the Ripper method) showing no significant differences in the obtained results.


Friction stir welding (FSW) is a promising solid-state welding process for precipitation hardening and high strength aluminium alloys. An experimental and theoretical investigation was carried out to check the significance of tool rotation speed on microstructural characteristics and tensile properties of high-strength alloy AA2014. FSW joints were made with varying tool rotation speed from 1,100 rpm to 1,900 rpm with an equal increment of 200 rpm, while the other parameters such as welding speed, shoulder diameter and tool tilt angle were kept constant. The strength of FSW joints was correlated with microhardness, microstructure and fractographs. The joint fabricated with the tool rotation speed of 1,500 rpm, welding speed of 50 mm/min, shoulder diameter of 6 mm and tool tilt angle of 1.5° exhibited superior strength (376 MPa) than the other joints. It could be achieved by the balanced flow of material and defect-free in the stir zone.


The Mullins–Sekerka linear stability analysis of a perturbation on a growing interface is extended to take into account concentration effects. The concentration dependence is included by considering the surrounding particles as an effective medium in the form of a sink term [x−κ2c] in the diffusion equation. This problem is analyzed without the effects of surface tension for d=2 and d=3 and with surface tension for d=3. The stability analysis is also applied to two particles in isolation as well as N particles arranged in a regular planar polygon to study directly the competition for the diffusing species between the N growing spheres. We conclude that the Mullins–Sekerka criterion for growth or decay of an instability is only valid for an isolated particle and that in the presence of an effective medium, the surrounding particles have the effect of increasing an otherwise negative growth rate to a positive value.


Although very thin over the entire width of the transfer surface will be described ultra low flow liquid distributor for generating a continuous liquid film. Ultra low flow liquid distributor has started on a common main supply channel is divided into a number of liquid by-supply passage by a respective branch points, and eventually each liquid sub-supply passage (38) a number of liquid outlet openings made up of a liquid supply mechanism leading to one of the. This liquid outlet opening is arranged above the liquid supply mechanism, it can be self-priming.