The benthic fluxes of inorganic carbon were measured in the Bay of Cadiz, located in the SW of the Iberian Peninsula (Southern Europe). The values measured ranged between 74 and 224 mmol m –2 d –1 , which are higher than most reported fluxes. They were linearly correlated with the organic carbon content in surface sediments. For the Bay of Cadiz, a carbon budget is proposed. It was determined that 53% of the benthic inorganic carbon production is used by the phytoplankton of the area, and 43% is exported by tides to other littoral areas. The rest of the benthic production, together with direct emission of CO2 from intertidal sediments to the atmosphere, yielded a maximum net flux of 5.6 · 10 8 mol C y –1 . If extrapolated to coastal areas globally, these values are particularly significant. Taking 44 mmol m –2 d –1 as an average value for benthic fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon, it is estimated that the benthic CO2 production by coastal ecosystems is about 4.2 · 10 14 mol y –1 , similar to the estimated annual CO2 emissions to the atmosphere from the burning of fossil fuels.


An affinity-based mass spectrometry screening technology was used to identify novel binders to both nonphosphorylated and phosphorylated ERK2. Screening of inactive ERK2 identified a pyrrolidine analogue 1 that bound to both nonphosphorylated and phosphorylated ERK2 and inhibited ERK2 kinase activity. Chemical optimization identified compound 4 as a novel, potent, and highly selective ERK1,2 inhibitor which not only demonstrated inhibition of phosphorylation of ERK substrate p90RSK but also demonstrated inhibition of ERK1,2 phosphorylation on the activation loop. X-ray cocrystallography revealed that upon binding of compound 4 to ERK2, Tyr34 undergoes a rotation (flip) along with a shift in the poly-Gly rich loop to create a new binding pocket into which 4 can bind. This new binding mode represents a novel mechanism by which high affinity ATP-competitive compounds may achieve excellent kinase selectivity.


Jihadist terrorism represents a global threat for societies and a challenge for scientists interested in understanding its complexity. This complexity continuously calls for developments in terrorism research. Enhancing the empirical knowledge on the phenomenon can potentially contribute to developing concrete real-world applications and, ultimately, to the prevention of societal damages. In light of these aspects, this work presents a novel methodological framework that integrates network science, mathematical modeling, and deep learning to shed light on jihadism, both at the explanatory and predictive levels. Specifically, this dissertation will compare and analyze the world's most active jihadist terrorist organizations (i.e. The Islamic State, the Taliban, Al Qaeda, Boko Haram, and Al Shabaab) to investigate their behavioral patterns and forecast their future actions. Building upon a theoretical framework that relies on the spatial concentration of terrorist violence and the strategic perspective of terrorist behavior, this dissertation will pursue three linked tasks, employing as many hybrid techniques. Firstly, explore the operational complexity of jihadist organizations using stochastic transition matrices and present Normalized Transition Similarity, a novel coefficient of pairwise similarity in terms of strategic behavior. Secondly, investigate the presence of time-dependent dynamics in attack sequences using Hawkes point processes. Thirdly, integrate complex meta-networks and deep learning to rank and forecast most probable future targets attacked by the jihadist groups. Concerning the results, stochastic transition matrices show that terrorist groups possess a complex repertoire of combinations in the use of weapons and targets. Furthermore, Hawkes models indicate the diffused presence of self-excitability in attack sequences. Finally, forecasting models that exploit the flexibility of graph-derived time series and Long Short-Term Memory networks provide promising results in terms of correct predictions of most likely terrorist targets. Overall, this research seeks to reveal how hidden abstract connections between events can be exploited to unveil jihadist mechanics and how memory-like processes (i.e. multiple non-random parallel and interconnected recurrent behaviors) might illuminate the way in which these groups act.


This draft provides a series of DHCPv6 options for a DHCPv6 client to
request from a DHCPv6 server to aid in configuring DNS servers that
support private requests/responses.


The paper deals with the anatomical studies of fossil dicot wood from the Cuddalore Series. The structural details of the fossil specimen show closest affinities with the genus Cynometra. The specimen is described as Cynometroxylon dakshinense sp. nov.


The present invention is a neoprene rubber with a permanent (Neoprene) of the portable beverage container housing. Said container comprising a cup, a permanent neoprene a housing, a counterweight, a bottom cover, a protective rubber sheet, and a cover. The permanent neoprene cover from a neoprene wetsuit material or a closed cell foam rubber produced to increase the insulating container. A housing having a permanent neoprene laminated fabric cover, any pattern can be printed thereon. Yi Gong shaped rim flange, respectively, and a bottom cover covering a top side and a bottom permanent neoprene housing. A self protective rubber-based adhesive coaster, to prevent fluid leakage. The container further comprises a grub screw, to the bottom cover is attached to the bottom of the cup and the counterweight unit. Neoprene wetsuit material, protective rubber sheet, and the cover member together, the present invention becomes a convenient use of the beverage container.


ten the U.S. each state redraws the boundaries of its Congressional and state legislative electoral districts. In Michigan, state lawmakers (subject to the Governor's veto) were in charge of this process following the census counts in 2000 and 2010. However, in 2018 Michigan voters approved a Constitutional amendment that placed the redistricting process instead in the hands of the new Michigan Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission (MICRC). This brief outlines the assessments of Michigan's local government leaders regarding the state's new approach and the inaugural MICRC's performance.


We introduce frame-equivalence games tailored for reasoning about the size, modal depth, number of occurrences of symbols and number of different propositional variables of modal formulae defining a given property. Using these games we prove that the Lob axiom and the (m,n)-transfer axioms are optimal among those defining their respective class of frames.


Methods and apparatus are disclosed for servicing a target device with a remote access device. The target device has a target-device input/output interface and the remote access device has a remote-access-device input/output interface that are operatively coupled at the hardware level. A wireless communication link is established between the remote access device and a communications network to establish a communication link between a computer remote from the target device and from the remote access device. Service instructions are received from the computer at the remote access device over the communication link The received service instructions are transmitted through the coupled input/output interfaces to service the target device.


This study is design to ascertain the hematological status in albino mice treated with Justicia carnea leave, which could aid in the treatment of anemia. The hematological parameters investigated include Mean Cell Volume (MCV), Mean Cell Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Platelets (PLTS), Hemoglobin (Hb), Red Blood Cells (RBCs), Pack Cell Volume (PCV) and White Blood Cells (WBCs). Nine (9) male albino mice of approximately the same weight 300 g were grouped into 3 groups that's Negative Control (NC) Positive Control (PC) and Original Research Article Nji et al.; JAMB, 20(10): 43-50, 2020; Article no.JAMB.62608 44 Test Control (TC), each made up of 3 mice. Negative control mice were given normal feed moisten with water, Positive control received diluted iron folate with normal feed, finally Test control mice were administered powdered leaves of Justicia carnea with normal feed for 7 days, after which blood samples were collected using EDTA tubes by exsanguination and run for hematological parameters using auto-hematological analyzer. The results of various groups were found to be; as there was a significant increase in RBCs, Hb, & PCV (P=0.05), between the groups. No significant change was observed on the MCV, MCH, and MCHC. Lymphocytosis was observed in all groups with mark difference in granulocytosis. TC had granulocytosis, NC showed normal granulocyte scores and the PC show granulocytopenia with a statistical difference of P=0.0017. A significant difference was seen in platelets between the groups P=0.02. This study shows that J. carnea leaves possess anti-anemic potential, lending credence to the use of these plant leaves in folk medicine for the management of hemolytic anemia would be helpful. Further research on the various phytochemicals of the plant should be done and also its toxicological aspects.


ANDREW T. PRICE SMITH, CONTAGION AND CHAOS: DISEASE, ECOLOGY AND NATIONAL SECURITY IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION, KURESELLEŞME VE SALGIN HASTALIKLAR, (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2009), 296 sayfa, 17,05 £, 978-0-262-66203-1


Dr. J. Thomas Reineck talks to St. Joseph Elementary third grade students about the sugar content of certain foods, and about a three day "sugar fast" that could earn them a reward. About 400 third graders in the Fremont, Ohio area heard dentists or dental hygienists talk about the effects of sugar on the teeth.


This study was carried out to synthesize 1D inorganic nanostructure using an electrochemical method without any template and additives. Copper foils were anodized in a KOH bath and were tested for their antibacterial performance. After anodizing, the obtained samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the corresponding morphology and crystal structure, respectively. Finally, the antibacterial activity of the samples against both E. coli and S. aureus was tested by agar diffusion test. The typical porous surfaces were realized in all samples. These micropores may be beneficial to cell attachment. The morphology of the anodized copper exhibited when the concentration of OH− kept on going up, micropores and simultaneously nanoparticles were formed on the surface. By increasing the concentration of KOH, the water contact angle with anodized Cu foil varied within the range of 65.4 to 89.7°. Parent copper foil did not show antibiotic activity. The anodized copper exhibited acceptable antibacterial activities. The antibacterial action was the same for anodized copper at different concentration of OH−, which had nothing to do with the concentration of KOH electrolyte. The obtained results indicated that the porous copper could be employed to improve antibacterial activities of pure copper to meet the needs of bioactive surfaces.


Vehicular Edge Computing (VEC) is an integration of Mobile Edge Computing with traditional vehicular networks, which aims to shift computing, communication, and storage resources to the edge of networks and is more close to vehicles. Due to the high mobility of vehicles, connection interruption and network changes may frequently occur. To tackle this issue, cache-based content delivery is regarded as a promising solution to achieve efficient data sharing in VEC. However, privacy-preserving access control and fair incentive distribution are rarely taken into account in prior VEC-oriented studies. In this paper, we propose an efficient and secure access control scheme for providing cache-based content delivery in VEC. Specifically, we construct two layer access control to enable flexible access control and fair incentive distribution with the assistance of edge nodes. Moreover, we construct a group signature-based scheme to achieve anonymous authentication and conditional revocation. The performance analysis shows that our secure scheme has an acceptable effect on network performance.


A scintillation counter designed for clinical measurements is described. The instrument incorporates a liquid nitrogen cooled photo-multiplier and a thallium activated potassium iodide crystal separated from the photo-multiplier by a Perspex light guide. Details are given of the absolute counting rates obtainable with five radio-isotopes commonly used in clinical work and also of the directional properties of the instrument. The counting efficiency for the gamma radiation from iodine 131, expressed as counts/quantum incident on the crystal, is 31.6%.


In the article, the main aspects of agrarian policy of Russia, aimed to provision of food security are considered. Need of state regulation of economy in general and its food sub complex in particular is designated


Abstract - Natural resources that are beneficial to human life are very much available in this earth, one of the processing of natural resources in the form of gas that is LPG Gas. The role of LPG gas at this time is very important for human life both in the household and in industry. Actual explosion or gas leak can be avoided with a security system and early warning. In this Final Project the authors do the design and manufacture of a gas detector sensor using Arduino Uno MQ-5 sensor. There will be a warning via a short message when the gas condition is detected by the sensor, this tool will send a message to the user's mobile phone that there is a gas leak. Based on the test results, this tool is able to detect LPG gas leak in a room, but it is also capable of sending an sms containing gas leak warning to the user of the tool. As a warning there has been a gas leak in the room or home of the gas user. With the creation of this tool, LPG tube monitoring process can be done easily and safely. And this tool can be developed again using internet-based notifications.


This study considers the free flexural vibration of an elastic bar attached to the free edge of a cantilever plate of infinite length. The frequency equation is obtained for the system, and numerical results are presented for its first two natural frequencies. Experimentally determined frequencies are compared with their theoretical values and the pairs of fundamental frequencies are found to be in remarkably good agreement.


The European-XFEL (E-XFEL) is an X-ray Free Electron Laser facility located in Hamburg (Germany). The supercon-ducting accelerator for up to 17.5 GeV electrons will provide photons simultaneously to several user stations. Currently 12 Wire Scanner units are used to image transverse beam profiles in the high energy sections. These scanners provide a slow scan mode which is currently used to measure beam emittance and beam halo distributions. When operating with long bunch trains (>100 bunches) also fast scans are planned to measure beam sizes in an almost nondestructive manner. Scattered electrons can be detected with regular Beam Loss Monitors (BLM) as well as dedicated wire scanner detectors. Latter are installed in different variants at certain positions in the machine. Further developments are ongoing to optimize the sensitivity of the detectors to be able to measure both, beam halo and beam cores within the same measurement with the same detector. This paper describes the current status of the system and examples of different slow scan measurements.


In this paper, we have investigated a novel stochastic resonance & particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique for weak signal detection from noisy signal (weak signal + internal noise). PSO technique is used to determine the optimal amount of noise for weak signal detection. Our proposed work is in Neyman-Pearson framework which maximizes the probability of detection PD for a fixed value of probability of false alarm PFA. With the equality and in-equality constraints, we have explored the penalty function method to design unconstrained objective function. In the proposed technique, we have considered 2 different, 3 different and 4 different noises separately and observed that the probability of detection PD gets increased. Simulations are performed to investigate the result with a numerical example to exhibit the practicality of the proposed technique.


This study examines research related to "Halal Certification" in national journal articles. Using descriptive statistical analysis and narrative review of 18 publication articles related to "Halal Certification". All articles used as samples have been published. The results show that research related to Halal Certification discusses more about the regulation of the application of halal certification as many as 6 articles (33%), then discusses how the halal certification process as much as 5 articles (28%) followed by a discussion of the impact of halal certification on the economy and socialization of each 4 and 3 articles respectively. The research approach used in the article under study as a whole uses a qualitative approach.


Abstract German military victories in 1940 and 1941 and the curious glamour that the Hitler regime holds for many people has led to the belief that German aircraft design was the best in the world in the Nazi period. In reality many pre-war German designs were mediocre and the most successful, the Messerschmitt Bf 109, owed its success to having its engine replaced by one heavier, and almost twice as powerful, as the one it was designed for which led to a variety of performance problems that were exacerbated in later wartime versions with even more powerful engines. The contemporary British Spitfire, already marginally superior in its earlier versions, turned out to have much greater development potential. Later the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter was pressed into service ahead of comparable British and American types before the problems with its engines had been properly dealt with: its much-vaunted swept-wing configuration was the result not of theoretical work by German academics on the issue of compressibility at high speeds (which was at that stage unknown to aircraft manufacturers) but of the need to compensate for the effect of the unexpectedly heavy jet engines on the centre of gravity. The Messerschmitt Me 163 rocket fighter was also brought into service prematurely: a wonderful aircraft to fly when the propulsion unit did not blow up, it represented a conceptual dead-end as it turned out that the flying wing format, or variations on the tail-less aeroplane principle, was incompatible with near-sonic or supersonic speeds.


This review paper explores the possibilities of the control of heat and mass transfer associated with drought tolerance and freeze tolerance. The accumulation of some metabolites, such as proline and trehalose, are effective for drought tolerance. The special microstructures on the surfaces of some plants and insects in deserts are effective for collecting moisture in the air. Methods of preserving crops will be improved by the mimetic of the drought tolerance. Calcium ions and a protein are effective for the retrieval of damaged cell membrane due to ice formation. Ice crystal growth is inhibited by some substances such as antifreeze proteins. The cryopreservation of foods and organs will be improved by the mimetic of the freeze tolerance.


Original Research Article Introduction: The treatment of septic pseudarthrosis of the leg requires the removal of infected bone tissue and soft tissues. Different filling techniques have been proposed. Among them, the technique developed by A.C. Masquelet in 1986 is to provide support in 2 stages with the establishment of a PMMA cement spacer that allows the development of an induced membrane. This induced membrane is used at the 2nd time as a sleeve to set up the bone graft. The main objective of our study was to evaluate our results with this technique clinically and radiologically during a series of patients supported in our department. Material and Method: Nineteen septic pseudarthroses of traumatic origin were included from November 2007 to November 2014 in this retrospective single-centric study. Patients were routinely monitored for clinical and radiological monitoring to assess the time to consolidation. A statistical evaluation of the factors that can influence consolidation has been carried out. Results. The series included 4 women and 14 men (19 legs), the average age was 53.9 years. In 26% of the cases, a cutaneous covering procedure was required before the 1st time. All patients were operated in 2 stages with an average delay of 7.9 weeks between the 2 times. The bone defect after 1st beat was 52.4 mm on average. The bone graft was an autograft taken at the expense of the iliac crests in the majority of cases (18/19). The focus was stabilized by an external fixator, a locked plate or a plaster after the 2nd beat. The mean follow-up was 34 months with a consolidation rate of 89% (17/19) with an average delay of 16.0 months from the second gesture. After the 2nd time, 11 patients required complementary actions (average of 2.1). The importance of cutaneous opening statistically influenced the consolidation (Gustilo III vs Gustilo I or II) and tobacco was found as a factor tending to negatively modify bone consolidation. The size of the bone defect does not influence the rate or the delay of consolidation. Discussion: This study found a correct consolidation rate of 89% but our consolidation time seems higher than what is reported in the literature. Several factors may explain this result, such as the absence of rigid fixation after the 2nd stage (use of an external fixator or plaster) or the continuation of smoking intoxication. Our results show that the induced membrane technique is effective for the treatment of septic pseudarthrosis of the leg. These results can be improved by a stable fixation after the second time and the cessation of the smoking intoxication.


The invention provides a method and system for automatically adjusting a network service capability. The method comprises: a network function virtualization management apparatus receives a request that is sent by a first virtualized network function manager (VNFM) and that is for adjusting the capacity of a first virtualized network function (VNF) instance managed by the first VNFM; the network function virtualization management apparatus adjusts the capacity of the first VNF instance by means of the first VNFM; the network function virtualization management apparatus acquires other VNF instances that belong to a same network service (NS) instance as the first VNF instance, and acquires state information of related virtual links (VLs); the network function virtualization management apparatus determines whether to adjust the capacity of the other VNF instances of the NS instance, and determines the target size of the capacity adjustment on a VNF instance whose capacity is determined to be adjusted; the network function virtualization management apparatus adjusts, by means of a VNFM corresponding to the VNF instance whose capacity is determined to be adjusted, the capacity of the VNF instance whose capacity is determined to be adjusted; and the network function virtualization management apparatus sends a life cycle change report of the NS instance to an operations support system (OSS).


Keys to genera and species. of the Agromyzidae known in Colombia are provided and 15 new species are described: Melanagromyza spilanthis; Cerodontha sp. Cerodontha colombiensis, C. (C.) nigra; Liriomyza chiensis, L. colombiella, L. herrerai, L. hordei, L. madridensis, L. montserratensis, L. nigra, L. robustae; Phytoliriomyza colombiana, P. medeIlinensis, P. sabanae, P. similis. A new generic synonymy is established, with Geratomyza Spencer now formally synonymised with japanagromyza Sasakawa. Four pest species are recorded as new to Colombia: Melanagromyza phaseolivora, Líromyza sativae, Phytomyza rufipes and Chromatomyia syngenesiae. A new species from Bolivia, Phytoliriomyza papae, feeding in potato stalks is described.


Between 1998 and 2000, microplanktonic and microbenthic algal communities were sampledand analysed in the coastal lake Fiesa and in the Dragonja estuary. The purpose of the investigationwas to establish qualitative composition and the relative abundance of algal communities. In 1999and 2000, basic physical and chemical parameters were measured. Altogether, 159 algal taxa weredetermined, 83 in the coastal lake Fiesa and 120 in the Dragonja estuary. Most of the taxa belongedto the Bacillariophyceae. Thirty four percent of all taxa were typical brackish taxa.


...........................................................................................iv Acknowledgements ..............................................................................vii List of Tables.......................................................................................x Chapter One – Introduction Statement of the Problem.................................................................1 Relevant Information ......................................................................3 Teacher Training...................................................................3 . School/Classroom Climate.......................................................4 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation..............................................5 Choice Theory/Reality Therapy............................................................6 Gender and Choice Theory/Reality Therapy...................................8 Purpose of the Study...................................................................... 9 Rationale ....................................................................................10 Research Questions and Hypotheses.....................................................11 Research Questions................................................................................11 Hypotheses.........................................................................12 Significance of the Study..................................................................12 Definition of Terms.......................................................................13 Achievement......................................................................13 Choice Theory/Reality Therapy Methods.....................................14 Summary...................................................................................15


Biological production of sulfide (S 2- ) in soil has been reported to depend on system redox potential and on the concentrations of available sulfate (SO 4 2- ) and organic carbon (OC). The purpose of this laboratory study was to determine whether elemental sulfur (S o ) could influence redox potential and S 2- production in sand used to construct putting greens []


Ocular oncology has relied on the clinical and histopathologic features of tumors to identify patients with high-risk characteristics and subsequent risk for metastasis. The mapping of the human genome and the development of sophisticated genomic analysis has led to new technologies in the armamentarium of ocular oncologists. Gene-expression analysis has resulted in the identification of genes involved in tumorigenesis and the development of novel biologics to target specific genes and gene pathways, as well as determine prognostic markers to identify high-risk tumors. This article will discuss current advancements in ocular oncology using microarray gene-expression analysis in the most common primary tumors in adults and children, uveal melanoma and retinoblastoma.


Results: Of these 100 patients, 14% experienced post-operative nausea. Within this group, 36% of patients felt nauseous preoperatively, compared to 8% of the remainder of the cohort (p<0.05). The time interval since last oral fluid intake and preoperative anxiety were also significant contributors to post-operative nausea and vomiting. Discussion: Anaesthetists should be aware that if patients are feeling nauseous pre-operatively, they are more likely to suffer post-operative nausea and vomiting, and that prophylactic anti-emetics should be considered.


BACKGROUND
 Big data in healthcare must be exploited to achieve a substantial increase in efficiency and competitiveness. Especially the analysis of patient-related data possesses huge potential to improve decision-making processes. However, most analytical approaches used today are highly time- and resource-consuming.

 OBJECTIVE
 The presented software solution Conquery is an open-source software tool providing advanced, but intuitive data analysis without the need for specialized statistical training. Conquery aims to simplify big data analysis for novice database users in the medical sector.

 METHODS
 Conquery is a document-oriented distributed timeseries database and analysis platform. Its main application is the analysis of per-person medical records by non-technical medical professionals. Complex analyses are realized in the Conquery frontend by dragging tree nodes into the query editor. Queries are evaluated by a bespoke distributed query-engine for medical records in a column-oriented fashion. We present a custom compression scheme to facilitate low response times that uses online calculated as well as precomputed metadata and data statistics.

 RESULTS
 Conquery allows for easy navigation through the hierarchy and enables complex study cohort construction whilst reducing the demand on time and resources. The UI of Conquery and a query output is exemplified by the construction of a relevant clinical cohort.

 CONCLUSIONS
 Conquery is an efficient and intuitive open-source software for performant and secure data analysis and aims at supporting decision-making processes in the healthcare sector.


After the sudden shutdown of schools during the COVID-19 pandemic, schools were faced with providing online instruction for students. Some schools conducted teacher professional development and provided electronic devices to the students, while other districts lacked that capability. According to one study, schools that offered online learning during the pandemic provided a stable environment that reduced stress and uncertainty. Although there is a dearth of research about how to manage such a crisis, some parallels can be drawn from available information and applied to the current pandemic. The purpose of the present study was to determine what professional development and support were provided and how that impacted teachers' instructional delivery during the shutdown. In the present mixed methods study, public school teachers completed a Likert survey with an option for an open-ended comment after each question regarding teachers' perceptions of professional support from administration and perceptions of their own professional practice. Mean responses are displayed as descriptive statistics and sorted by geographic regions. One implication from the findings is that teachers need professional development for online instruction and time to adapt to it.


nor is it progressive to keep him indefinitely in a sheltered occupation: though both these alternatives are better than no job at all, and may be temporary expedients. This is not simply a matter of the individual's welfare: it is of vital concern to the community too, for the wastage of productivity from neurotic illness due both to absence from work and to inefficiency at work costs the country an annual sum which is much more than the losses from strikes. For this reason, there is a great need for collaboration between employers, the trades unions and doctors both inside and outside industry. It is of


Fair allocation has been studied intensively in both economics and computer science. This subject has aroused renewed interest with the advent of virtualization and cloud computing. Prior work has typically focused on mechanisms for fair sharing of a single resource. We consider a variant where each user is entitled to a certain fraction of the system's resources, and has a fixed usage profile describing how much he would want from each resource. We provide a new definition for the simultaneous fair allocation of multiple continuously-divisible resources that we call bottleneck-based fairness (BBF). Roughly speaking, an allocation of resources is considered fair if every user either gets all the resources he wishes for, or else gets at least his entitlement on some bottleneck resource, and therefore cannot complain about not receiving more. We show that BBF has several desirable properties such as providing an incentive for sharing, and also promotes high overall utilization of resources; we also compare BBF carefully to another notion of fairness proposed recently, dominant resource fairness.
 Our main technical result is that a fair allocation can be found for every combination of user requests and entitlements. The allocation profile of each user is proportionate to the user's profile of requests. The main problem is that the bottleneck resources are not known in advance, and indeed one can find instances that allow different solutions with different sets of bottlenecks. Therefore known techniques such as linear programming do not seem to work. Our proof uses tools from the theory of ordinary differential equations, showing the existence of a sequence of points that converge upon a solution. It is constructive and provides a practical method to compute the allocations numerically.


The inhibitive effect of substituted 4-thiazolidinones on the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M H2SO4 has been studied by weight loss and electrochemical methods. The electrochemical parameters for mild steel in acidic solution with and without inhibitor were calculated. The effect of temperature on the corrosion rate, activation energy and free energy of adsorption were also calculated


In April 2001, many Japanese national institutes were reorganized as Independent Administrative Institutions (IAI) based on the General Act for Independent Administrative Institutions and the act for each institution. Under the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), the National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) was established by the merger of the National Research Institute for Metals (NRIM) and the National Institute for Research in Inorganic Materials (NIRIM). One of the biggest changes was the expansion of autonomous administration. The nanotechnology and material RD subsequently, NIMS was assigned to take the initiative in nanotechnology as well as materials science. NIMS has proactively expanded research fields through the introduction of researchers from polymers, electronics, and biotechnology as well as member institutes of the World Materials Research Institute Forum (WMRIF). Globalization has been promoted through programs that include the International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS) and the International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA). The 4th Science and Technology Basic Plan (2011-2015) emphasizes outcomes-recovery and rebirth from the disaster, green innovation, and life innovation. The Midterm Plan for NIMS also follows it. R&D collaboration by multi-partners (that include industry, university, and GRI) should be strategically promoted where GRI are especially required to play a hub function for innovative R&D and open innovation. NIMS highlights are Tsukuba Innovation Arena (TIA) and the Nanotechnology Platform Project. On January 20, 2012, a new organization was decided on by the Japanese Government where several IAI from different science and technology areas will be merged to realize more effective R&D as well as administrative cost reductions. NIMS is also supposed to be merged with 4 other R&D IAI under MEXT by the end of 2013.


As a proton channel in the inner mitochondrial membrane, the uncoupling proteins (UCPs) disperse the H + gradient and increase the thermogenic action. So they increase respiration, decrease ATP production, prevent reactive oxygen species formation and resulting apoptosis. Fatty acid metabolism, coldness, thyroid hormones and adrenal hormones control the UCPs expression in cardiac myocyte. At present, the roles of UCPs in heart failure are not completely resolved and some are still hypothetical.


Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is very suitable for high speed communication systems, but there are peaks higher than those problems. Partial Transmit Sequences OFDM because of its flexible and effective system to reduce peak-average power ratio has been studied extensively. Of previous research, the paper presents a search algorithm based on phase. Simulation results show that this method reduces the computational complexity of the system, and its performance has not been reduced compared to previous methods.


Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) has been successfully utilized in mechanical industries, but few mechanical design engineers use CAE tools that include structural optimization, since the development of such tools has been based on continuum mechanics that limit the provision of useful design suggestions at the initial design phase. In order to mitigate this problem, a new type of CAE based on classical structural mechanics, First Order Analysis (FOA), has been proposed. This paper presents the outcome of research concerning the development of a structural topology optimization methodology within FOA. This optimization method is constructed based on discrete and function-oriented elements such as beam and panel elements, and sequential convex programming. In addition, examples are provided to show the utility of the methodology presented here for mechanical design engineers.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


Disclosed is a N, N- dimethyl-allyl preparing propanesulfonate, characterized by: comprising the following: First Weigh molar ratio of 2: 1 ~ 8: N 1, the N- dimethylallylamine and 1,3-propane sultone, and N, N- dimethyl-allyl amine was added 1,3-propane sultone; then 10 ℃ ~ 60 ℃ the temperature of the reaction at 0.5 ~ 4h; finally filtered, extracted, and dried to obtain N, N- dimethyl-allyl propane sulfonate. The method without using a solvent, short reaction time, product yield, and other advantages for industrial applications.


To the Editor: —The attached clipping is a part of a "syndicated article" that has appeared in a number of newspapers. It strikes me that this line of so-called information is wrong. In writing on any public health problem, the writer should avoid reference to treatment. The treatment of any particular disease should be decided by the physician in charge after he has examined the patient. It is not right to state baldly that "drugs are virtually impotent." The patient calls the physician for his own relief and benefit, and if he believes all of this article he will probably send to the drug store and buy his own aspirin. And, by the way, is this writer in the pay of the Bayer people and helping them to put across their advertising campaign? Self medication is now one of the great banes of the American people, and such articles, either


Failure of test structures composed of pairs of W vias connected by lengths of Al/0.5%Cu conductor were compared as a function of the position of the via with respect to the conductor link. In one configuration, the current was passed from first level to a conductor link on second level and in the other the current was passed from second level to one on the first. In each case the links were identical in cross section, length and composition. There was a significant difference in the performance with respect to electromigration lifetime between these configurations as well as a difference in the failure mode. In the first level links, where the current passed first through a a 350A thick TiN ARC (Anti-Reflective Coating) layer and then a 150A Ti layer, the lifetime was significantly shorter than that of the second level samples where the current was passed across an interface of Al 3 Ti intermetallic compound. In addition, the failure mode was different, the first metal links failing directly under the via whereas in second metal link, the failures were away from the via in the metal link itself.


This brief shows how the graduation approach can be successfully integrated into sustainable livelihood programs to bolster the incomes and resilience of vulnerable households. It analyzes the impact of social protection measures to bolster economic inclusion through the Padayon Sustainable Livelihood Program launched in 2021 by ADB with the Government of the Philippines. It explains how the program provided people with grants to start microenterprises and offered coaching, mentorship, and financial literacy training. It shows that by working with existing government initiatives, the Padayon program helped households find new ways to generate income, improve their health, and boost their resilience.


The large scatter of efficiencies of intracavity conversion of λ = 1.064 μ cw laser radiation to the second harmonic in lithium iodate crystals is attributed to the irreproducibility of the crystal growth conditions. It is shown that the nonuniformity of the hydrogen ion distribution and the capture of accidental impurities have a decisive influence on the efficiency of intracavity second harmonic generation.


The invention relates to a circuit for limiting the rate of increase in the signal level of output signals of integrated circuits. According to the invention, the circuit is integrated into the integrated circuit; a reference signal is generated in the circuit and the output signal then controlled. The rate of increase in the signal level of the output signal is determined by a differential element (DDT1, DDT2) and used to derive a correction signal for controlling the output signal.


The change in the range of motion and the factors influencing the postoperative flexion after NexGen posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty were studied in 56 knees of 44 patients. Forty-six NexGen posterior stabilized knee prosthesis (PS type) and 10 NexGen legacy posterior stabilized knee prosthesis (LPS type) were used. The average follow-up period was 17 months (range: 12 to 48 months). The mean preoperative flexion was 128 degrees. At the final follow-up, the mean flexion was 127 degrees. Twenty-seven knees (49 percent) had a maximum flexion of more than 130 degrees at the final follow-up. There was a significant correlation between postoperative and preoperative flexion.


Seed production of marine finfish in Malaysia is still facing problem particularly live feed for starter diet. Currently, aqua culturists use S or SS type rotifers, which have sizes from 100 to 200μm. Early stage larvae of some marine finfish species select feeds less than 100 μm. Protozoa is a collective term of aquatic microorganism that has been identified to be suitable live feed, as their body sizes are less than 100μm. Thus, the objective of this experiment is to compare the survival rates of Asian seabass larvae using rotifers, protozoa,
and one kind of protozoa; Euplotes encysticus. Four types of live feed; rotifer, protozoa, E. encysticus, and mixed (rotifer, protozoa, and E. encysticus) were used in this experiment. The experiment was conducted in triplicates. The larvae were fed from 2 to 10 day-after-hatching. Asian seabass larvae were given the same amount of live feed in each larval rearing tank; twice a day. The feeding densities were 20 individual / mL for rotifers, protozoa, E. encysticus, and mixed group. Number of seabass larvae in each group was counted every day and their survival rates were determined. The result from this experiment showed that the survival rates of Asian seabass on 10 day old, the mixed group was significantly higher than other groups. However on 4 day old,
the highest survival rate was in E. encysticus group, followed by mixed, protozoa, and rotifer group. Based on the results, recommended live feed was mixed group which consists of rotifer, protozoa, and E. encysticus.


An unmanned free-swimming submersible (UFSS) is designed to perform certain tasks in water without interposing humans. The vehicle's control is achieved by integrating mathematical (analog) and non-mathematical (embedded) controllers. The main goal of integrated controllers is to overcome the environmental disturbances and noise of the sensor data. These disturbances, as well as the noise data, are generated during steering, diving, and speed control. The amplitude of disturbances and noise varies with the depth and intensity of water waves. This article presents a robust hybrid linear quadratic regulator (HLQR) controller for UFSS. The presented controller targets the desired state of the UFSS in the presence of a disturbing environment. The hybrid approach is achieved by employing: (1) two linear quadratic regulators or controllers and (2) a mathematical structure of the Riccati equation. Consequently, the proposed HLQR controller is integrated into the UFSS system to evaluate the response in terms of settling time, rise time, overshoot, and steady-state error. Furthermore, the robustness of the HLQR is investigated by considering the feedback to step response and hydrodynamic disturbances. The implementation results reveal that the proposed controller outperforms state of the art controllers, such as proportional-integral-derivative and lead-compensator controllers.


Objective
To evaluate measurement of the submucosal thickness with endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for activity of Crohn disease (CD).

Methods
Ten patients with active stage of CD and 10 healthy controls (HC) underwent EUS. Simple endoscopic score for Crohn disease(SES-CD)and submucosal thickness at the most severe lesions were measured and recorded. Submucosal thickness of the same region in CD patients were measured at remissive stage. In order to analyze the relationship between submucosal thickness and the stage of CD, submucosal thickness were compared among patients at active stage of CD, remissive stage of CD and HC. And the cut-off value of submucosal thickness was calculated to diagnose the stage of CD.

Results
The mean submucosal thicknesses of active stage and remissive stage of CD were 6.48±1.95 mm and 2.47±1.08 mm, respectively (P<0.01). The correlation analysis showed that submucosal thickness had a positive correlation with Crohn disease activity index(CDAI)(r=0.708, P<0.01) and SES-CD(r=0.807, P<0.01). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used for 10 cases of CD patients and the area under the curve was 0.985(P<0.01). The cut-off value of submucosal thickness to diagnose active stage of CD was 3.85 mm, and the sensitivity and specificity reached 100% and 90% respectively. The Youden index was 0.9.

Conclusion
Measurement of gastrointestinal submucosal thickness by EUS could contribute to evaluate the stage of CD and to guide clinical treatment.

Key words:
Crohn′s disease; Endosonography; Disease activity; Submucosal thickness


Tms article concerns the history of the English Benedictine Congregation in particular during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, when all the communities which made up the Congregation were living abroad and sending monks to England to serve on the mission. In recent years, the study of Catholicism in England during these centuries has intensified, and many are now engaged in research into Recusant history. When, as a result of all this labour, the records are known and understood, an assessment may become possible. In such an assessment the part played by the clergy is bound to be an important factor, and among the clergy the Benedictines, though less numerous than the secular priests or the Jesuits, are worthy of consideration.1 There is at once a difficulty. The records of the Congregation are to be found not only in England but in many places in Europe. The scope, importance and exact location of those that have survived the upheavals of the past are known only to a few. Before any history can be attempted, a systematic account must be given of the extant records. My purpose here is to say where some records are today and to suggest where others might be found. The account given will, no doubt, prove incomplete, and may serve as a starting point for a more systematic account. Before considering the records themselves, it will be well to rehearse, for the benefit of those who are unfamiliar with the subject, the origin of the term 'English Congregation'. The present English Congregation has been in existence since the union of August 1619, when there were about one hundred and


This paper discusses a methodology to maintain the value of Coordination Time Interval (CTI) between the relay curves thereby reducing the total tripping time of the relays. In a changing micro-grid environment, the relay curve suitable for coordination should depend upon the topology, line length and the stiffness of available sources. A simple linear programming algorithm running in the Central Master controller(MC) to coordinate the relays using three different IEEE Standard curves by selecting each type of relay curve at a time has been developed. Main program in MC selects the type of curve and other relay parameters based on the value of Normalized CTI (NCTI). Thereafter MC updates the settings of all relays through reliable communication channel. An improved method of Section-wise relay coordination has been proposed for further reduction in the NCTI value by adjusting the coordination matrix of the linear program for each of the identified section in the relay coordination curve. The program flow logic of the MC controlled bi-directional over-current protection is also presented.


Manganese triacetate was introduced as a new reagent for radical cyclization of substituted aminothioureas. Bis-(1,2,4-triazolyl)-3-disulfides were generated in 10 min under microwave irradiation.


Public policy evaluation in leisure has been largely ignored until recently when attempts have been made to assess the impact of capital and revenue expenditure and its value-for-money consequences. Two recent studies — the Roberts' Report: Community response to leisure provision in Belfast (1989) and the Local Government Audit study (DoE, 1989) on indoor provision in Northern Ireland — highlight the difficulties in evaluating leisure policy. A detailed examination of both studies suggests that developing leisure objectives which are amenable to both quantitative and qualitative assessment and the complementary use of meaningful performance indicators are a necessary pre-requisite for future leisure policy evaluation.


Experiment E859 has measured two-pion correlations for 14.6 A{center_dot}GeV/c {sup 28}Si + Au and {sup 28}Si + Al systems as a function of total charged particle multiplicity. The data have been divided into three multiplicity regions for each system, and fits to two-dimensional Gaussian sources have been performed. The extracted source parameters R{sub l} and {tau} show little or no multiplicity dependence while the parameters R{sub t} and R show a slight dependence. Two-pion correlations were also measured for the 11.6 A{center_dot}GeV/c {sup 197}Au + Au system as part of experiment E866. The rms radius (R{sub rms}) for this system was found to be 7.03 {plus_minus} 0.53 fm, consistent with a scaling of R{sub rms} = 1.2A{sub p}{sup 1/3}, where A{sub p} is the number of projectile nucleons.


Ferroelectric thin films of tungsten bronze lead barium niobate (PBN) were fabricated by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. Oriented growths of the thin films were observed along (001) in tetragonal phase and along (002) in orthorhombic phase. Excess amount of PbO (6 wt %) in the PBN targets were used to compensate Pb evaporation during sputtering deposition. Ferroelectric properties were investigated as a function of annealing temperatures. The thin film with high quality was annealed at 650 °C, while its remnant polarization (Pr) and coercive field (Ec) were equal to 47.9 μC/cm 2 and 5.2 kV/cm, respectively.


8069 Background: Large experiences have reviewed the risk of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), but there are limited data on CNS involvement by peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCL). We characterized the incidence of CNS involvement, risk factors and outcome in a large single institution dataset of PTCL. Methods: Retrospective review of the T-cell lymphoma database at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. We identified 232 patients with any subtype of PTCL between 1994-2011 with a minimum 6 months of follow-up or an event defined as relapse or death. We excluded indolent forms of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Results: Histologies included PTCL-NOS (31%), angioimmunoblastic (16.8%), anaplastic (ALCL), ALK negative (12%), ALCL, ALK positive (6%), extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (7.3%), adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) (7.3%), and transformed MF (8.6%). Median age was 58 years with 59.9% men. CNS disease was found in 17 patients (7.32%). 8 (47%) had pathologic ...


The purpose of the activity is to provide an understanding of financial reporting from cash to accrual basis to micro and small entrepreneurs in the Menpura sub-district, Siak Regency, in accordance with financial accounting standards for micro, small and medium entities which are effective in 2017 and come into effect in 2018. by socializing the Financial Accounting Standards for Small, Micro and Medium Entities, it is carried out by providing training to teachers of accounting subjects at Vocational High Schools in Rokan Hilir Regency. All participants were given an explanation of the financial accounting standards for Micro, Small and Medium Entities, which were effective as of January 1, 2018. Then there was a question and answer session with the participants. Finally, an evaluation was carried out by conducting a post test to see the teachers' understanding of the accounting standards for small and middle micro entities.


The paper mainly introduces the design principle for the rook transverse support and the internal force of the longitudinal strut in the light steel structure with door steel frame,and analyzes its stressed situation and its economical performance according to various supporting types and column-and brace support,so as to accumulate experience for the design for light steel structure with door steel frame.


ABSTRACT The burden of prostate cancer is considerable, with some men needing treatment to slow the growth of tumors, and others requiring surgery to remove the prostate gland. Such medical and surgical treatments for prostate cancer can increase men's risk for impotence and urinary incontinence, leading to physical and emotional distress. Using a qualitative descriptive design involving semi-structured interviews, we asked men (n = 20) who had been diagnosed with prostate cancer to describe their psychosocial needs and experiences. Within these patient narratives were elements of personal and interpersonal loss, vulnerability, stigma, and self-blame. Based on our thematic analysis, we identified three themes: 1) I'm not 18 anymore, 2) Nothing below the waistline, and 3) It's a family affair. Our objective in this paper is to highlight the ways in which men's sexual health and intimate relationships are affected by prostate cancer. Discussed are the clinical implications of the findings for supporting individuals and couples affected by prostate cancer.


The purpose of the study was to find out the effects of yogic practices and physical exercise on academic achievement on muscular strength endurance and flexibility of adolescent boys. whole bodies of works both ancient (Pre-Christian) and more modern dealing with various aspects of yoga and yoga philosophy, testifying to the continued relevance of yoga as a discipline (Mira-Mehta, 1994) . Netz and Lidor (2003) Yoga is an ancient Indian philosophy based on diverse breathing, stretching, and meditation exercises. Eighty untrained school students (mean age = 16 +/- 1.5yr) started in one of the following groups: yoga practice group [YPG, N = 20 and PEG, N = 20, CYPPEG, N = 20, or a control group (CG, N =20). Training took place on three alternating days per week for 12 weeks. Assessments of muscular strength endurance and flexibility performance,(modified sit ups and sit and reach test) were determined by pre-training (T1), and after 12 weeks of post -training . Results of the study were: (approximately 11%) in all training groups and muscular strength endurance and flexibility increased at T2 (approximately 3%) only in CYPPEG. Finally, he concluded that training combination of yogic practices and physical exercise group improved the muscular strength endurance and flexibility.


The new capabilities of smart sensing systems namely, adaptability, reconfiguration, lowenergy consumption and cost, between others, require a wisely selection of the methods that are use to perform analog to digital conversion. It is very important to optimize the trade-offs between, resolution, accuracy, conversion rate, and energy consumption, between others, and above all to adapt dynamically the conversion parameters for different signals characteristics and applications' purposes. Establishing the best trade-offs are even more important when signals to be digitized have different signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) ratios, different requirements of measuring accuracy and acquisition rate, their characteristics are time-variant and above all if they are sharing the same digitalization device. Very low resolution or conversion rate of data acquisition (DAQs) systems are generally not compliant with measurement systems' requirements since signal information is lost without any possible recovery procedure. Otherwise, if resolution or data acquisition rate are excessively high that means the sampling rate is much higher than its minimum value (Nyquist rate), the excessive amplitude and time resolutions provided by A/D conversion or frequency-to-digital conversion (FDC) does not improve measurements system's performance. Moreover, the excessive resolution or data acquisition rate implies an increase of hardware and software complexity, data processing load and a higher implementation cost, without any benefits. So, for any A/D or FDC conversion method the best trade-off between different conversion characteristics must be established considering applications' purposes. For example, in wireless sensing and actuating networks (WSAN) energy wastes are particularly important because a wrong choice of conversion method can affect deeply measurement system autonomy. Whenever possible, classical A/D conversion methods are being replaced by discrete A/D conversion methods that are supported by low cost microcontroller (C) (Microchip, 2010) connected to a few external resistive or capacitive components. This solution takes full advantage of Cs benefits, namely specific hardware and software capabilities and it provides a conversion rate that can be higher that several hundreds of kHz that is sufficient 24


Objective is to develop improved requirements for seismic safety assessment of nuclear power plants. Three phases are planned. Phase I, successfully completed in January 1981, was to develop and demonstrate a probabilistic computational procedure for our investigation of the seismic safety assessment process. Phase II will use this procedure to carry out the investigation, and Phase III will develop improved requirements for seismic safety assessment. This paper provides an overview of the SSMRP and the work performed in Phase I, which was organized into eight projects. Project I was to select a typical power plant and to collect necessary dta. The Zion Nuclear Power Plant, Unit 1, north of Chicago, Illinois was selected as the demonstration plant for the computational procedure. Project II developed the tools and models necessary to describe probabilistically the seismic hazard at the Zion Site. A hazard curve was developed and 30 time histories were generated for each of six acceleration ranges spanning from 0.15g to 1.8g. In Project III the models for soil-structure interaction were developed. Models for major structural response were generated in Project IV. Project V developed models for 13 piping systems of the Zion Plant, the ones deemed most important to seismicmore » safety. The development of fragility descriptions for components and structures is carried out in Project VI. Fragility curves are developed for 37 generic categories of compenents and five Zion structures. Project VII is to generate the systems analysis models for the Zion Plant and develop the computer code SEISIM for performing the probbilistic failure analyses. The computer code SMACS is developed in Project VIII to tie together the calculations of soil-structure interaction, major structural response, and subsystem response.« less


Wireless system capacity can be added by increasing the number of antennas in a MIMO setup or by carefully optimizing the performance of a smaller number of antennas.


Targeted irradiation (TR) is widely used for tumor treatment in the clinic. TR benefits tumor therapy through direct effects as well as poorly understood systemic (abscopal) effects. Recent studies suggest that the systemic innate and acquired immune responses to TR contribute to elimination of tumor cells, but also cause systemic inflammation with prolonged tissue injury that may result in secondary malignancies. To elucidate and eventually target the mechanisms underlying these systemic effects of TR, we utilized a murine model using the small animal radiation research platform (SARRP).
 To define the dynamics of cytokine production and immune responses after TR, we administered local irradiation to a single tibia of 6-8 week old C57BL/6 male mice using a single dose of 15 Gy. We analyzed bone marrow (BM) and BM extracellular fluid (BMEF) from both the irradiated (TR) and non-irradiated, contralateral (CONT) tibiae at 2, 6, 48 hours, 1 and 3 weeks post-TR, performing phenotypic (flow cytometry) and cytokine analyses. As a tumor-bearing model, we utilized 3-4 weeks old C57BL/6 mice injected with Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in one hind limb, and treated with (1) one dose i.p injection of 1mg/Kg Vincristine (Vin) as chemotherapy model, (2) 4.8GyX5times fractionated TR to the tumor area and (3) combination (TR+Vin) therapy. Analysis of peripheral blood (PB), BM, BMEF was performed 3 weeks after the final TR dose (n = 5-13 mice/time point).
 We found that multiple inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-1b, IL-18, CCL2, CCL3, CXCL2, CXCL9, CXCL10 were upregulated from very early phase (2hrs) up to 48hrs in BMEF of the radiated tibiae. Consistent with the dynamics of these cytokines, we observed influx of myeloid cells in both TR and CONT side and expansion of T cells peaking at 6hrs in BM. At the same time of these immune responses, Norepinephrine (NE) was elevated in BMEF even in CONT side. In the tumor-bearing model of RMS, fractionated TR eliminated the tumor while systemically expanding CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and reducing neutrophils. Vin alone did not eliminate the tumor and was associated with systemic decrease of lymphoid cells and expansion of neutrophils. In Vin+TR, tumor control and CD8+ cell expansion were restored, with normalization of neutrophils. These data suggest that TR in the setting of tumor differentially activates lymphoid and myeloid cells. Since recent studies showed catecholamine production from myeloid cells may augment cytokine production in the setting of infection, we hypothesized that BM myeloid cells respond to radiation-induced cell damage by producing catecholamines that trigger a systemic inflammatory response after TR. To test this hypothesis, we utilized standard long-term bone marrow cultures (LT-BM) that reproduce three-dimensional BM structures with myeloid-skewing in vitro, and irradiated them to look at inflammatory changes induced by radiation at 2, 6 and 24hrs. In this experimental model, 5Gy of radiation led to the elevation of NE along with the production of chemokines CCL2, CCL3, CXCL2, CXCL9 mostly peaking at 6hrs in the cell culture supernatants. In contrast, these responses could not be reproduced in spleen cultures, which also had a much lower baseline NE production compared to LT-BMs. These data indicate that radiation induced-chemokine elevations might come from myeloid cells stimulated by NE, independent of systemic innervation. To define the contribution of catecholamines to cytokine production in LT-BM, we directly stimulated culture-LT-BM with NE and Isoproterenol, a pan beta stimulant. While both agents showed similar effect and increased CXCL2, CXCL9, CCL2 and CCL3 at 6hrs, they decreased CXCL10 level, suggesting that catecholamine mostly stimulate myeloid cells but rather inhibit lymphoid activation through chemokine production.
 Together, these data show that local irradiation initiates global immune responses, and identify local BM production of NE as its potential trigger. Blocking local catecholamine production in the bone marrow could therefore be a positive adjuvant to TR in tumor treatment by inhibiting unfavorable effects of radiation, such as chronic inflammation with systemic increases of neutrophils, while facilitating expansion and recruitment of the cytotoxic T cells which play an essential beneficial role in tumor immunity.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Neutrino losses from proto-neutron stars play a pivotal role to decide if these stars would be crushed into black holes or explode as supernovae. Recent observations of subluminous Type II-P supernovae (e.g., 2005cs, 2003gd, 1999br, 1997D) were able to rejuvenate the interest in 8-10 M{sub {center_dot}} stars that develop O+Ne+Mg cores. Simulation results of O+Ne+Mg cores show varying results in converting the collapse into an explosion. The neutrino energy loss rates are important input parameters in core collapse simulations. Proton-neutron quasiparticle random-phase approximation (pn-QRPA) theory has been used for calculation of neutrino energy loss rates due to {sup 24}Mg in stellar matter. The rates are presented on a detailed density-temperature grid suitable for simulation purposes. The calculated neutrino energy loss rates are enhanced up to more than one order of magnitude compared to the shell-model calculations and favor a lower entropy for the core of these massive stars.


A new type of coarse media flocculator, using buoyant media instead of the heavier gravel in order to facilitate cleaning, was evaluated in laboratory and field studies. The results indicate that a two-stage buoyant coarse madia (BCM) flocculator provided effective treatment at higher loading rates and shorter residence times than are typically employed in designing mechanical flocculatores. Source-water quality and coagulant chemistry directly influenced flocculator configuration selected


The wood-carving is a Chinese traditional decorative art, which is to carve the three-dimensional configuration designed by artisan on the furniture components. For thousand years, the traditional skill has been inheriting with the way of teacher and pupil generation, and formed a set of systematic operational approach. This paper , based on sorting of the carving technique' s process principle and measures of traditional artisan, would divide carving handcraft into four processes of shencai huagao, yiwen tayang, cupi zaozhi and chanxue suxing. And combined the specific cases, discussed the operative skills of every process , analysed the internal rationality and scientific of process principle and measures of traditional artisan. It will plays a significant role in inheriting the national intangible cultural heritage of Ming style furniture production techniques and Jingzuo style furniture manufacturing technology, and producing the Ming and qing hardwood furniture.


This publication provides an overview of the situation of children with intellectual disabilities in twenty two European countries, with a particular focus on five areas: protection against abuse, family support and (de-)institutionalisation, health, education, and participation of children. It recommends steps to be taken to remove barriers to their inclusion.


This Technical Memorandum was prepared by Tetra Tech and presents a Traffic Analysis for the Barrel and McCleary Alternative being considered in the US Forest Service Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the proposed Rosemont Copper Project (Project). This analysis assesses the potential impact that the Barrel and McCleary Alternative will have on the traffic network performance of State Route 83 (AZ-83). This memorandum also discusses the input parameters used for determining the level of service (LOS) for intersections and roadway segments.


This study used the discrete element method (DEM), which is effective and popular for solving the problem of granular systems simulating the motion of particles in a ball mill in different structural forms and at different rotational speeds. Firstly, simulations of five kinds of lifters (triangular, trapezoidal, rectangular, ladder and hemispherical) were set up. The results were as follows: when the rectangular lifter was selected as mill liner, the ball mill efficiency was significantly high. The breaking performance of the hemispherical lifter and the ladder lifter was poor, because the main pattern of motion was grinding rather than impact breakage. Secondly, the effects of the height–width ratio of the rectangular lifter, the height of the lifter and the number of lifters on the working efficiency of the ball mill were studied. It was found that a number of rectangular lifters of 12 and a height-width ratio of 3:1 produced the best results. The best height of the rectangular lifter was about 13 mm. Lastly, displacement, stress and deformation were analyzed using DEM coupled with a finite element method (FEM). The purpose was to design the geometrical lifter structure and to improve the performance of the ball mill.


This final report lists the seminars, publications and presentations produced under the grant, as well as the participants, including Graduate Research Scholar Assistants.


A general multi-configuration self-consistent field (MCSCF) model is presented. The model permits the determination of wavefunctions for a collection of different physical states, achieves all possible group-theoretical reductions, and exhibits quadratic convergence.


Three million people live in rural areas of New York State. Many of these communities have few new jobs, a crumbling infrastructure, a poor economy, and minimal social and health services. Cornell's Community and Rural Development Institute works with local governments, not-for-profit agencies, businesses, and community leaders to improve--and preserve--the economy status and quality of life for rural New Yorkers. Last March in his state-of-the-county speech, Putnam county executive Robert J. Bondi threw out a challenge to his employees: find new ways of working together to improve services while keeping the costs down. It is no small task. Putnam county--still predominantly rural although only 50 miles from midtown Manhattan--is already the fourth most frugal county in the state, annually spending only $843 for each of its 83,000 residents. Bondi emphasized that because the county government had worked very hard at keeping expenditures in line, there was money to be spent. What kind of cooperative endeavors, he wanted to know, could produce the most bang for the buck? On the recommendation and with the assistance of Marjorie Keith, director of the Putnam county extension association, he turned to the community and Rural Development Institute at cornell (CaRDI) for help. CaRDI is a multidisciplinary institute that works with local governments, not-for-profit agencies, businesses, and community leaders to improve the economic status and quality of life for the 3 million people who live in rural New York. On the heels of Bondi's speech, three CaRDI-affiliated graduate students conducted extensive field interviews with county department heads to find out what partnering relationships had worked well in the past. Two months later, the information they gathered was shared with 70 department heads and managers and 20 town and village officials in a two-day workshop, "Partnering for Putnam," hosted by Donald J. Tobias, CaRDI's director. The end result: more than 100 new partnering initiatives to boost the cost effectiveness of county spending. Like Bondi, local government officials have been turning to CaRDI for help since it was founded in June 1989. At that time the poverty and unemployment rates of the nation's small towns and rural areas had risen to match those of its inner cities, and New Yorkers across the state faced tough times. Today, however, while the downstate area is booming as a result of Wall Street's outstanding performance, upstate communities continue to limp along. According to an economic analysis conducted by the Fiscal Policy Institute in Albany, last year more than 82 percent of new jobs occurred in the ten-county downstate area. In contrast, upstate metropolitan counties saw a meager gain of 14 percent, and the nonmetropolitan counties (i.e., rural communities) saw only a 4 percent gain. The institute's report, A Blind Eye, Assessing New York State's 1999-2000 Executive Budget, notes that "not only does New York State have by far the widest income gap between rich and poor of all 50 states, but also the widest gap between the rich and those of middle income." When it was founded by Cornell's College of Human Ecology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Cornell Cooperative Extension, CaRDI's activities focused rather narrowly on job training and development, influencing state and national rural development policies, and assisting rural families, minorities, youth at risk, and the elderly. With the additional sponsorship three years ago of the Cornell Agricultural Experiment Station and the New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations, CaRDI has broadened its scope to include research, extension, and teaching activities in five broad areas: * community development * economic development * environmental management * human services * local governance and leadership Faculty sharing interests in CaRDI cut across four colleges and a dozen disciplines, and many enjoy national prominence in their fields. …


To produce different levels of spaceborne SAR imagery product, a real-time/near real-time signal processing system is discussed. Based on analysis of optimization of SAR signal processing algorithm, especially in CS imaging and normal geometric correction for level 1–2 product, the implementation of these algorithms on specific hardware is elaborated. The structure and design of the entire system provide great flexibility and high performance. Finally, some experiments and tests have been carried out to verify the feasibility of the system in high-resolution SAR signal processing.


In this paper, an economic dispatch model considering a flexible generation redispatch is proposed for managing the wind power variability in electric power systems. The model considers the base-case operation cost as well as the steady-state secure region for the variable wind energy. The generation schedule in the secure region provides grid operators with the boundary for absorbing wind power. The proposed model is formulated as a generalized semi-infinite programming problem and the corresponding solution is presented. The impact of flexible thermal resources and transmission capacity on the calculation of the wind power secure region is also discussed. The proposed solution method is analyzed using the modified IEEE-RTS 1979.


Popularizing the mode of entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities can further strengthen the innovation spirit and will of college students, improve the comprehensive accomplishment of college students, and strengthen their ability of employment competition. Many typical modes of entrepreneurship practice education have been found out in colleges and universities in our country for many years, but there are still some problems such as limited coverage of entrepreneurial practice activities, formalization of entrepreneurial practice activities, imperfect supporting facilities for entrepreneurship, lack of professional support and insufficient platform for entrepreneurial practice. We can integrate the system of entrepreneurship practice education in colleges and universities by optimizing the teaching of entrepreneurship, increasing the support of the mode, opening up the talent training base, determining the orientation of entrepreneurship practice education, and strengthening the construction of entrepreneurial talent training team.


With its astonishing ability to learn representation from data, deep neural networks (DNNs) have made efficient advances in the processing of pictures, time series, spoken language, audio, video, and many other types of data.In an effort to compile the volume of information generated in remote sensing field's subfields, surveys and literature revisions explicitly concerning DNNs methods applications are carried out Aerial sensing research has recently been dominated by applications based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs).There hasn't yet been a literature review that integrates the "deep learning" and "UAV remote sensing" thematics.This research propose novel technique in underwater aerial vehicle networks based image analysis by feature extraction and classification utilizing DL methods. here UAV based images through on 5G module is collected and this image has been processed for noise removal, smoothening and normalization. The processed image features has been extracted using multilayer extreme learning based convolutional neural networks. Then extracted deep features has been classified utilizingrecursive elimination based radial basis function networks. The experimental analysis is carried out based on numerous UAV image dataset in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, F-measure, RMSE and MAP.Proposed method attained accuracy of 96%, precision of 94%, recall of 85%, F- measure of 72%, RMSE of 48%, MAP of 41%.


Abstract: The human body is one of the most complex entities known to man. It is an incredibly elaborate organism whose existence is dependent upon the day-to-day function of its various organ systems. It is when one or more components of these systems become diseased or damaged that the ability of the human body to function optimally is hindered. For many years, scientists and medics have sought to combat the diseased state with various approaches ranging from drug treatment to surgical repair. With advancements in modern technology and our understanding of the development and organisation of the human body, a new field of interest has emerged know as 'regenerative medicine'. Regenerative medicine transcends the boundaries between biology, medicine, engineering and a number of other scientific specialities to produce tissue constructs that can recapitulate the function of the human body. Nanotechnology is a discipline that sits at the forefront of this collaboration, enabling the tissue engineer to more closely replicate the minutiae of the architecture found in native tissues and organs. Techniques have been developed to produce scaffolds which improve cell adhesion, migration, differentiation and proliferation for a number of tissue types. This chapter aims to provide a detailed overview of the role of nanotechnology in tissue engineering and its impact on the design of bioengineered organs.


Abstract A trial is described involving 64 crossbred and purebred pigs. including gilts and barrows, in which dietary skim milk was replaced by successive proportions of either maize or barley to give three fixed and one variable ratio of skim milk to cereal meal. Cereals were substituted for milk on the basis of the New Zealand meal unit (M.U.) in which 10 lb of skim milk is equivalent to 1 lb of either maize or barley. In the diets which contained fixed proportions of milk to cereal, skim milk represents 75, 50, and 25% of the daily M.U. intake. These diets were compared with those containing a variable milk to cereal ratio in which cereals were included in the diet of pigs weighing less than 90 Ib live weight, but thereafter the diet consisted solely of skim milk. Growth rates declined and feed refusals increased in diets containing a variable proportion of milk to cereal meal; otherwise the proportion of dietary milk did not influence growth rate. However, M.U. consumption did increase as the proporti...


Synthesis of platinum(II) conjugate with acetylated betulinic acid tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane ester (BATRIS) is presented (BATRISPt). HR-ESI-MS and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, as well as elemental analysis were used for characterization of BATRISPt. Cytotoxicity (3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), crystal violet (CV), and sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays) of BA, BATRIS, BATRISPt, and cisplatin were assessed on seven different tumor cell lines: melanoma B16, colon HCT116 and DLD-1, adenocarcinoma HeLa, breast MCF-7, and anaplastic thyroid tumor 8505C and SW1736; as well as normal MRC-5 fibroblasts. Furthermore, the effect of the mentioned compounds on the apoptosis (Annexin V/PI assay) and autophagy induction (acridine orange (AO) assay) as well as caspase 3, 8, and 9 activation were investigated on the selected B16 melanoma cell line. BATRISPt showed lower activity than BA, BATRIS, or cisplatin. All tested compounds triggered apoptosis in B16 cells. Induction of autophagy was observed in B16 cells exposed only to BATRIS. On the other hand, new conjugate activates caspases 8 and 9 in B16 cells with higher impact than BATRIS or cisplatin alone.


The Confucian harmonious concept of body and mind mainly covers the syncretism of body and mind,the all-around developing idea of syncretizing wisdom,benevolance and bravery,and the idea of both cultivating one′s body and mind and one′s life.This Confucian harmonious concept is practically significant for constructing the harmonious society and world as a whole.One′s self harmony between body and mind is the basis for realizing harmony between human beings and society,human beings and nature.Only when one′s body and mind becomes harmonious can we arrange for our life and cultivate our spirit,and inspire our potentiality and further improve our creativity.


For several years the pervasive belief that the Super Bowl is the single biggest day for human trafficking in the United States each year has been perpetuated in popular press despite a lack of evidentiary support. The practice of relying on hearsay and popular belief for decision-making may result in misappropriation of resources in anti-trafficking efforts. We propose a data-driven approach to analyzing sex trafficking, especially as it is carried on during--and perhaps in response to--large public events such as the Super Bowl. We examine 33 public events, chosen for attendance numbers comparable to the Super Bowl from a diversity of types, and use the volume of escort advertisements posted online as an accessible and reasonable proxy measure for the actual levels of activity of sex-workers as well as trafficking victims. Our analysis puts the impact of local public events on sex advertisement activity into perspective. We find that many of the events we considered are not correlated with statistically significant impact on sex-worker advertising, though some are. Additionally, we demonstrate how our method can uncover evidence of other events, not included in our initial list, that are correlated with more significant increases in ad activity. Reliance on quantitative evidence accessible through data-driven analysis can inform wise resource allocation, guide good policies, and foster the most meaningful impact.


An "ultrafine" splitting in positronium between the $L=1$ spin-singlet state and the spin-average of the spin-triplet states is shown to arise only at order $\alpha^6$. The QED prediction for $n=2$ states is $\Delta_{2,P}=(683/172800)m\alpha^6=73.7(1.2)$ kHz. This represents the smallest leading-order QED splitting known. Current experimental efforts could observe this splitting, and its observation can constrain new ultralight interactions, such as axions or $Z'$.


A 22-year-old male was found to have a painless mass in the right lateral cervical region. He has a history of neck injury by glass fragments and underwent the removal of pieces glasses seven years ago. A plain X-ray and CT scan of the neck showed a radiopaque mass adjacent to the internal jugular vein. He was diagnosed as having a glass foreign body which had migrated from the time of the past neck injury, and the glass fragment was surgically removed. As the neck is an anatomically very important region containing a great many vessels, cranial nerves and aerodigestive tracts, it is necessary to identify damage and all foreign bodies in cases of neck injury. Radiological studies such as a plain X-ray and CT scan as well as ultrasound studies are very useful in identifying foreign bodies such as glass fragments.


Abstract. Wavelength-division-multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) has been considered as a promising next generation access network solution. A centralized light-wave colorless WDM-PON architecture based on a single feeder fiber. At the optical line terminal, differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK) modulated signal at 10 Gbps is utilized for downstream transmission is proposed and demonstrated. At the optical line unit, part of the downstream signal is remodulated using an intensity modulated on/off keying technique for upstream transmission. Simulation results show that downstream and upstream signals achieved error-free transmission at 10-Gbps symmetric data rate with negligible power penalties. The proposed scheme exhibit improved tolerance to Rayleigh backscattering over 20 km standard single mode fiber.


Several whisker reinforced ceramics exhibit considerably enhanced toughness which is derived from strong bridging whiskers in the crack tip region. Theoretical analyses of crack bridging by whiskers shows that the composite's toughness increases with whisker strength, radius, and volume content, the ratio of the fracture energy of the matrix to that of the whisker-matrix interface, and the ratio of the Young's modulus of the composite to that of the whisker. These features have been confirmed by a variety of experimental results. The observed lack of a temperature dependence for the toughness suggests whisker reinforcement as a most effective means of toughening ceramics. Also in comparison to equiaxed and plate like particles, toughening by whisker additions exhibit both greater fracture toughness and strength. Finally as compared to monolithic ceramics, various other mechanical properties are also significantly improved in the whisker reinforced ceramics. 39 refs., 7 figs.


Kevlar aramid fiber, fabric, rope and cable performance are reviewed along with the economics relevant to the material, structural, and reliability aspects of lighter than air craft.


Whole genome sequencing of disease animal models together with population genetics methodology is a powerful technology for deciphering new variations which associated with disease phenotypes. Here we show our studies on camel, dog, and rabbit. Whole genome sequencing data were generated from those animals, and then population genetics methodology was used in dealing with these whole genome sequencing date. Some important genetic variations were discovered which shown a strong association with disease related phenotypes.


Female impersonator performing on stage at Kiwi Concert Party concert at Maadi during World War II. Photograph taken in September 1942 by Private Habgood.
Quantity: 1 b&w original negative(s).
Physical Description: Cellulosic film negative


Mutation frequency, effectiveness and efficiency of gamma-rays, ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) and synergistic effects of their combination treatment were assessed in T-9, an improved variety of black gram. Gamma-rays were more effective than EMS. However, EMS was 2-2.5 times more efficient than gamma-rays. There was a progressive increase in mutation frequency of chlorophyll and viable mutations with the increase in gamma-rays and EMS doses. Synergistic effects were observed for increasing mutation frequency in M2generation in combination treatment of gamma-rays with EMS.


Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Contemporary Africa De Colonization Chapter 3 Territorial and Ethnic Divisions Chapter 4 Political Instability Chapter 5 Lack of Development Chapter 6 Contemporary Nigeria Chapter 7 The Legacy of Military Rule in Nigeria Chapter 8 Untamed Tigers Chapter 9 Why this Contribution Chapter 10 Limitations of this Work Chapter 11 Organization of Book Chapter 12 Notes Chapter 13 Chapter I: Colonialism and the Development of Nigerian Military Institutions The Development of the Nigerian Military Recruitment Policy Recruitment Policy in Preparation for Independence Soldiers as Social Outcasts Colonialism and the Nigerian Chapter 14 Chapter II: Abacha: Last Warrior? Causes of Military Intervention in Nigerian Politics Cultural Pluralism Safety and Security of Citizens Regime Values Social Mobilization Multipartism The Nigerian Syndrome The Decline of the Nigerian Milita Chapter 15 Chapter III: The Need for Civil-Military Relations Reform in Nigeria Killing: An Insufficient Deterrent to Military Coups Prolonged Military Rule Dominate Influence of the Retired Generals Leadership Deficit Old Wine in New Barrels Official Co Chapter 16 Chapter IV: Military Reform Policy Economic Sanctions and Political Ostracism Civil Resistance Mutiny in the Armed Forces Objectives of Civil-Military Reform Elements of the Military Reform Plan Shared Governance Balanced Appointments Creati Chapter 17 Chapter V: Civil-Military Relations Studies Models of Civil-Military Relations Traditional or Aristocratic Democratic Penetration Contemporary Models Subjective- Civilian Control Objective- Civilian Control Concordance Model Structural Mode Chapter 18 Chapter VI: Military and Political Stability Why Israel? Civil- Military Partnerships in Israel The Influence of Zionism Military Training and Education Notes Chapter 19 Chapter VII: Rapid Promotions and Out-Placement Systems and Political Stability Notes Chapter 20 Chapter VIII: Civil-Military Partnership and Political Stability Role for Former Presidents Notes Chapter 21 Chapter IX: Conclusions and Epilogue National Scandals The Turning Point The Babangida SAGA Sharia in One State and Political Stability The Nationalities Conference International Organizations and Political Stability An Equitable System of In


The Packaging Technology and Science journal sponsored the 2009 Best Poster award at the IAPRI (International Association of Packaging Research Institutes) symposium in Greenville, SC, USA, May 2009. The winner of this award at this symposium is Ji Young Park, doctoral student in the School of Packaging at Michigan State University. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Background: Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) might be a catastrophic event complicating liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Aim: role of JAK2 RS V617F mutation as a risk factor for PVT development in liver cirrhosis and HCC. Methods: A case control study conducted on 100 PVT patients (76 HCC and 24 liver cirrhosis) additionally, 100 healthy individuals used as a control group. PVT was diagnosed incidentally by Doppler ultrasound during routine follow-up HCC screening. Prothrombin G20210A mutation, MTHFR mutation, Factor V Leiden mutation (VFL), antithrombin III (ATIII), protein C, S, and antiphospholipid antibodies, along with JAK2 RS V617F mutation by real-time polymerase chain reaction all were analyzed. Results: Patients with PVT were significantly older (p<0.001), thrombocytopenic (p<0.001), with high alkaline phosphatase (p<0.001). JAK2 RS V617F mutation was found in 28/100 (28%) in idiopathic PVT complicating liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Cases with positive JAK2 rs V617F mutation were significantly accompanied by protein S deficiency (P 0.03), LA absence (p 0.06), and high frequency of ascites (P 0.03). While, the MTHFR heterozygous mutation (p0.001), ATIII (P 0.02), and VFL (P 0.01) were more frequent with negative JAK2 rs V617F mutation. The comparison between demographic data and thrombophilic parameters in PVT cases revealed that no significant differences were recorded except for male gender, Diabetes Mellitus, splenomegaly significantly increased among HCC cases (p<0.05). Conclusions: JAK2 rs V617F mutation must be considered in any case of PVT with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma without identified thrombophilic risk factors, with potential considerations of evolving myeloproliferative disorders. New diagnostic and therapeutic implications are still awaited.


Carton board packages are often adhesively bonded. The adhesive joint may fail due to cohesive fracture in the adhesive, interfacial fracture between the adhesive and one of the carton board surfaces, or cohesive fracture in the carton board. The failure may also be a combination of these failure modes. From previous studies, it is well known that the failure mechanism greatly impacts the integrity and mechanical behaviour of adhesive joints. To explore these matters, detailed experiments on adhesively bonded carton boards were performed using the Y-peel setup. By monitoring the joint at high magnification with a digital video camera during progressive loading, it was possible to link the mechanical behaviour of the adhesive joint to the fracture mechanisms involved in each case. It was found that the adhesive joint failures could be categorised into four main failure modes. The two (modes M1 and M2) failure modes with low toughness, i.e., low dissipative energy, failed by interfacial fracture with small permanent deformation in the adhesive and in the carton board. High dissipative energy modes (modes M3 and M4), however, involved multiple failures and final failure by delamination or tearing of the outermost carton board ply. It was found that the Y-peel equipment could be used as a tool to develop carton boards and hot melt adhesives in order to optimise the adhesive joint for certain package applications. From the force–elongation curve characteristics, it is possible to perceive when and how the adhesive joint may fail in a real package application.


This paper presents the study on the feasibility of a differentiation of the individual materials using so called dual energy computed tomography. The individual pixels on tomogram are the results of X-ray attenuation penetrating through the sample from different angles of projections. Attenuation is caused by absorption and scattering of radiation. The contribution of these two main mechanisms is dependent on atomic number, electron density, and also the energy of the X-ray photons. The material characteristics may be quantitatively analyzed when the composition in to atomic number or density information is carried out. Therefore, two different X-ray spectra were used by application of filters. The principle of proposed method results in a numerical approach with the associated detector calibration. We tested first the method on the samples of known composition. From the results it was shown that we are able to obtain removal of "beam hardening" and the estimation of material composition. For further more precise determination of materials, the proposed method will be used with the respect to detector acquisition improvement.


Malignant triton tumor is a rare histologic variant of malignant schwannoma that shows both neural and skeletal muscle differentiation. In this study, cytogenetic analysis of a recurrent malignant triton tumor of the forearm from a 26‐year‐old female and a primary paraspinal malignant triton tumor from a 27‐year‐old female revealed complex karyotypes displaying multiple numercial and structural abnormalities. Abnormalities shared by both tumors included three copies of chromosome 22 and structural rearrangements of chromosomes 2, 7, and 21 at identical or closely located breakpoints. Genes Chrom Cancer 9:1‐7 (1994). © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


To understand the culture of a nation one must look from within that culture. Australian Aboriginal literature helps one to understand this basic premise of anthropology. An understanding of aboriginal literature produced in Australia helps to understand and appreciate the culture of the indigenous people while simultaneously they also reveal the changes the nation has undergone since colonization. They are not produced by outsiders or observers but by those who have lived through these experiences and the creative act of writing becomes an effort to impart an understanding and awareness of the experiences of the indigenous people. Immigrant people have always altered the life of the autochthonous people and a major part of Australian Aboriginal poetry deals with it. Parallel patterning of events consequential to colonization can be found in the history of every nation subjugated by invaders. Jack Davis' "Forest Giant" is a short poem which details within its ambit the destruction of the environment or ecocide and the decline in the population of the aboriginals due to genocide. The yoking of cultural and environmental history serves to understand the complementary perspectives of aboriginal life and environmental history of the nation.


The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology is one of the most effective approaches of reducing the diesel engine exhaust emissions. A brief introduction to the features of the diesel exhaust aftertreatment system is given, then the ammonia storage characteristics of SCR catalyst is studied based on the nonlinear continuous-time model for SCR system. A closed-loop control system of urea measurement and injection is proposed. The state observer based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and closed-loop controller is designed. SCR test bench is set up for the experimental validation of the control strategy. The experimental results show that the closed-loop control system is satisfying for the diesel engine exhaust aftertreatment SCR system. It also can effectively reduce the diesel nitrogen oxide emissions and avoid the secondary pollution caused by the ammonia leakage.


The second moment and the expected value of the empirical imbalance of a balanced random variable, which are the statistics needed to determine whether a particular input/output sum is useful for an attack by linear cryptanalysis on an iterated cipher, are determined for many independent trials.