Progress in science has always been driven by curiosity. On one side, curiosity is characteristic of the genius and the visionary, who is always thinking ahead of their time, like Leonardo da Vinci. Many of his revolutionary ideas, like the airplane and the submarine, couldn't be realized only because the materials and the technology available at his time were not advanced enough. But Leonardo always maintained his curiosity, to the point of writing: "Ancora imparo" (I'm still learning) at the age of 72 years, when the average age of survival was 42 years. On the other side, curiosity is characteristic of students, at least the most clever and bright ones. Not limited by inhibitions and prejudices, students are able to think outside the box. Due to their ingenuity they bring forward candid questions which lead to innovative answers. While geniuses and students are placed at opposite extremes of the Gaussian distribution curve, in-between them lay the vast majority of scientists. They contribute to the progress of science by concentrating on a problem that requires a solution, sometimes a question that will not be answered for a long time. Scientists, starting with the available knowledge, design, and realize research projects, frequently beating to death a specific topic, until their curiosity and persistency drive them to discover something new and to overcome the original problem. After an answer has been found, driven by the curiosity of geniuses and of students, or thanks to the work of scientists, newly available information creates new questions and stimulates more research in an endless process toward advancing knowledge. pioneers in pediatric cardiac surgery had to be very courageous to go against the dogma clearly stated in 1910 by Dr. Theodore Billroth, one of the most famous general surgeons of the beginning of the last century, who affirmed: "Any surgeon who wishes to preserve the respect of his colleagues would never attempt to operate on the heart." The significance of this statement was not to stress the safety of patients, but rather to emphasize the risk of reputation among colleagues. Unfortunately, one century on and this mistake is still occurring too frequently. Contemporary doctors still give priority to their professional and political image rather than to patient care. Progress toward the care of patients will be impossible without advancing our current knowledge. Innovation and progress are challenged not by technical difficulties as such, but rather by this unfortunate mentality, still broadly diffused through the belief that practices that have been done the same way for the last 20 years do not need to changed. Nevertheless, there were surgeons brave enough to embark upon an era of pediatric cardiac surgery, who disregarded public opinion. On the 26th of August, 1938 at Boston Children's Hospital, Dr. Robert E. Gross performed the first successful surgical closure of a patent ductus arteriosus on a 7-year-old boy (1), against the advice of his chairman, Prof. William Ladd, who at the time was travelling in Europe. When Ladd returned to Boston, Gross was promptly fired. This was one of the first examples in the history of medicine where progress in patient care was held back by a desire to maintain status and power by the very individuals who were in the best position to promote and support these innovations. On the 29th of November, 1944 at John Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, following the suggestion of the chief of pediatric cardiology, Dr. Helen B. Taussig, Dr. Alfred Blalock applied a surgical technique on a 14-month-old girl utilized by himself and Dr. Vivien Thomas to develop pulmonary hypertension in dogs (2). Despite the girl dying a few weeks after the operation, the Blalock-Taussig shunt was introduced into the surgical armamentarium as the procedure to successfully palliate children with cyanotic congenital heart defects. The era of open heart surgery was launched by Dr. John H. Gibbon, who utilized the heart-lung machine to operate on the inside of the heart. After pioneering experimental studies on animals at the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston (3), interrupted by World War II, he moved to Jefferson Medical School in Philadelphia to continue his experimental studies. Despite this the official medical world considered these studies unlikely to lead to any groundbreaking discoveries. In 1953 Gibbon successfully proceeded to close an atrial septal defect in an 18-year-old girl, paving the way toward the intra-cardiac repair of all congenital heart defects (4). Unfortunately, the four subsequent patients he treated with the same technique all died because of a variety of problems. He became discouraged and abandoned the technique, which was later fortunately adopted by other colleagues. The field of pediatric cardiology was dramatically altered with the introduction of new interventional procedures and medications to treat neonates with cyanotic congenital heart defects, and a significant reduction in mortality was observed. Such pioneering techniques included the introduction of the atrio-septectomy by Rashkind in 1966 (5) to palliate newborns with transposition of the great arteries, and then 10 years later that of the prostaglandins by Olley et al. (6) to maintain the patency of the ductus arteriosus in neonates with ductus-dependent pulmonary or systemic circulation.


The inconsistent history of a large-scale lexicographical project of 1930–1940s (under N. I. Konrad, N. A. Nevsky, A. A. Kholodovich) is a remarkable milestone in development of the Far East ideographic languages' lexicography in our country. The absence of published dictionaries as visible outcome of the lexicographical works poses the main difficulty for historians of science in reconstruction of the period and the treatment of the subject. Fund No. 152 of the Archive of Orientalists of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences contains a massif of documents, together with other materials illustrating the project in detail, but not offering coherent interpretation in the absence of extra sources, that is lexicographically informative ones, in order to close the gap of the reliable source material. Yet until recently, the historiography of the subject was lacking. The gap could be closed by a unique lexicographical monument discovered in the Institute of Oriental Studies. It should be a copy of the first galley proof portion of the "Great Japanese-Russian Character Dictionary". The source analysis of the monument and its criticism in the full context of relevant documentary evidence known up to date along with more meaningful interpretation of the data allow for precise qualification of a little-studied decade-long dictionary project in the history of Oriental lexicography and prewar Japan studies in our country. It may be determined that for the first generations of Soviet scholars of Japan the unpublished dictionary appeared to be a kind of school forging a vital link between the pre-Revolution and post-war Soviet lexicography of Japanese language: from D. M. Pozdneyev to N. A. Syromyatnikov.


A lot of typical structures and working mechanisms of angular accelerometers abroad and at home were given in the paper. Combining with the analysis of developing trend and characteristics of other angular accelerometers, a novel micromachined angular accelerometer with fluid inertial mass was proposed. Micro-fluid angular accelerometer only detects the angular accelerometer in the direction of input axis, and it can effectively separate the linear acceleration and vibration.


PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the association between financial inclusion and sustainable development in a global context.Design/methodology/approachThe study used two datasets, and employed the Pearson correlation analysis and granger causality test to examine the correlation and pairwise causality between financial inclusion and sustainable development.FindingsHigh levels of financial inclusion (in terms of higher commercial bank branches per 100,000 adults) is significantly associated with higher electricity production from renewable sources, higher industry productivity, higher adult literacy rate and higher renewable electricity output. Also, higher financial inclusion is significantly associated with low combustible renewables and waste. There is a uni-directional granger causality between global interest in internet information about sustainable development and global interest in internet information about financial inclusion, particularly in the period after the global financial crisis but before the COVID-19 pandemic.Practical implicationsThe correlation between financial inclusion and sustainable development depends on the indicators employed to measure financial inclusion and sustainable development. The results support global calls for greater financial inclusion and the speedy attainment of the sustainable development goals for the good of all people, the environment and for the planet.Originality/valueThis paper is the first study in the literature to analyze the link between financial inclusion and sustainable development using global data. This study contributes to the existing literature by investigating the association between financial inclusion and sustainable development in a global context.


As a Hakka,Huang Zunxian's Hakka complex exerted a strong influence on his poetic theory and practice.In the aspect of theory,he strongly advocated "New Poetry" and argued that poets should writes out their feelings with their hand;in the aspect of composing poetry,he inherited the Hakka cultural tradition prevalent in the east of Guangdong.He not only consciously used Hakka dialect in his poetry,but also put new ideas in it,forming a unique poetic style of his own.


The purpose of this research is to examine what is the extent of the relationship between Chinese government and Chinese college students. Students are divided into two groups. Group 1 is college students part studying in Beijing, China. At the University A, one of the famous universities in Beijing, 220 questionnaires were distributed between January 10th and 20th, 2008. During the ten-day period, 210 questionnaires were received. Group 2 was the college students part studying in Cheongju, Korea. From March 1st, 2008 to 15th about 120 questionnaires were distributed, and 108 were returned. The results are as follows. First, the mean value of Group 1 was 3.52 and the mean value of Group 2 was 3.43. The mean scores of both Group 1 and Group 2 were larger than 3.0, which meant the Chinese government and the Chinese college students had a comparatively positive relationship with each other. Second, in three dimensions (commitment, community involvement, reputation) out of overall four dimensions, there was no significant difference between two groups. The exceptional one dimension was of 'trust'. The students studying in China held a stronger sense of trust toward the Chinese government compared with those students studying in Korea. It is hoped that the results of this research suggest a significant role for public relations within the broader scope of corporate strategic planning.


Ellipsoid surface is taken as an example to study non-circular curve machining.Considering that macro program is limited by complicated computations,equal-error C++ programming language is discussed,which is the method of improving curve machining error precision through controlling error.The machining made by MVC400 CN center has the character of meeting the requirement of ellipsoid surface precision,and it is more favorable to macro program in complex non-circular curve machining.


Different profiles of jaws are used in the Brazilian market for heat sealing flexible materials used in food packaging by heated bar. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the jaw profile on the quality of the top and bottom heat seals of pouches made of biaxially metallized polypropylene/biaxially co-extruded polypropylene (BOPPmet/BOPPcoex) amd biaxially metallized polypropylene/low density polyethylene (BOPPmet/LDPE). These materials are traditionally used for snacks and ground coffee packages. Five jaw profiles were evaluated: one flat and four grooved, using lengthwise, crosswise at profiles 120 and 90° and inclined. The heat sealing temperature and time were optimized for the two packaging materials for all profiles. The sealing pressure was fixed at 40 lbf/in 2 . Heat sealing quality was evaluated through visual examination, integrity, tensile strength and drop testing. All the tests were done before and after transport simulation on the packages. BOPPmet/BOPP-coex 100 g snack packages and BOPPmet/LDPE 250g ground coffee packages were prepared under laboratory conditions. The transport simulation was done on these packages by placing them into paperboard boxes (for snacks) or kraft paper sacks (for ground coffee). The BOPPmet/BOPPcoex packages presented integrity problems for all the profiles tested. The best heat sealing, tensile strength, drop impact resistance and appearance were obtained with the crosswise 90 and 120° and inclined grooved profiles, therefore these profiles are the recommended ones for top and bottom heat sealing of snacks MOPP/met/ BOPPcoex packages. The flat profile had the worst performance among the ones that were studied. Heat sealing quality was not affected by the transport simulation, for all profiles. The BOPPmet/LDPE packages did not show integrity problems. However, the transport simulation reduced the heat sealing quality for all profiles. The crosswise 120 and 90° grooved profiles showed similar performance and they are the recommended ones for BOPPmet/LDPE packaging of ground coffee or any product of similar appearance and density. The inclined, lengthwise and flat profiles are not recommended for these applications.


Deep neural networks have revolutionized the field of machine learning by providing unprecedented human-like performance in solving many real-world problems such as image and speech recognition. Training of large DNNs, however, is a computationally intensive task, and this necessitates the development of novel computing architectures targeting this application. A computational memory unit where resistive memory devices are organized in crossbar arrays can be used to locally store the synaptic weights in their conductance states. The expensive multiply accumulate operations can be performed in place using Kirchhoff's circuit laws in a non-von Neumann manner. However, a key challenge remains the inability to alter the conductance states of the devices in a reliable manner during the weight update process. We propose a mixed-precision architecture that combines a computational memory unit storing the synaptic weights with a digital processing unit and an additional memory unit accumulating weight updates in high precision. The new architecture delivers classification accuracies comparable to those of floating-point implementations without being constrained by challenges associated with the non-ideal weight update characteristics of emerging resistive memories. A two layer neural network in which the computational memory unit is realized using non-linear stochastic models of phase-change memory devices achieves a test accuracy of 97.40% on the MNIST handwritten digit classification problem.


In this paper, we study the i E -simple left restriction - semigroup using the Bruck-Reilly extension  of a monoid M determined by a morphism . In particular, we characterise the Green's -relations in . Consequently, we prove that  is a i E -simple left restriction - semigroup


Bilobar multiple colorectal liver metastases (MCLM) are often considered incurable or associated with a poor prognosis even after R0 resection. This study was designed to compare the long‐term outcomes and recurrence patterns after one‐stage resection in patients with bilobar versus unilobar MCLM.


After reexamining the validity of our EIA method for human pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI), we measured PSTI levels in sera of patients with various diseases. Patients with acute pancreatitis or chronic disease during recrudescence showed an elevated PSTI level in their blood circulation, whereas patients with chronic pancreatitis during remission showed values within the normal range. Alpha-amylase activity in serum, one of the important markers used in the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases, was not meaningfully correlated with PSTI level. Patients suffering from various tumors also showed an elevated level of serum PSTI. A curative resection of the pancreas decreased the serum PSTI level of the patient to below one half of the pre-operation value, indicating that PSTI in the circulation originated mostly from the pancreas. However, patients having had other tissues resected showed a transient elevation of PSTI levels in their sera. From these results, PSTI in the circulation would appear to be one of the acute-phase reactants delivered from unclarified tissue(s) and/or organ(s).


This paper shows a high gain idea for Industrial application to straight forwardly incorporate Boost LLC converter. Here the simulation was developedforFOPID for Boost LLC converter in DC loads system with Power Factor Correction (PFC). This work recommends FOPID to control and improve time domain response in voltage Regulation. The output of Boost LLC converter is measured by using closed loop arrangement. The locked PI & FOPID configured Boost LLC converter arrangements are simulated and outcomes are compared. The outcome of signifies of Boost LLC-FOPID provides a better answer than the Boost LLC-PI controller arrangement. The Boost LLC-FOPID controlled high gain arrangement has better result parameter like reduced steady-state error, rise time, peak time, settling time.


Measuring the effect of a Process-Oriented Guided-Inquiry Learning (POGIL) implementation in a fundamental baccalaureate-nursing course is one way to determine its effectiveness. To date, the use of POGIL from a research perspective in fundamental nursing has not been documented in the literature. The purpose of the study was to measure the effects of participation in the POGIL process in Fundamental Nursing classes on the final grades and ATi (Assessment Technologies Institute, LLC) grades (national exam) of groups of students who participated in group scenario work compared to students who did not participate in group scenario work in class. A comparative quantitative design measured the relationship of grades in two fundamental nursing classes taught by the same professor. The results demonstrated a short-term implementation of a POGIL program could increase grade performance significantly on a standardized exam. Final exam data revealed no significance in grade performance between groups. Utilizing the POGIL method may be beneficial in nursing courses.


The dielectric loss factor tan (delta) is a critical parameter in transducer design and performance prediction, as it is directly related to the electrical energy lost to Joule heating. A method for calculating the equivalent loss factor of 'quasi linear' materials from a measured major polarization vs. field loop by extending the standard definition of tan (delta) for a linear lossy capacitor to nonlinear materials is presented. To extract effective loss tangents for minor loops from the major loops, an area correction algorithm was implemented. This algorithm proves to be nearly exact for all bias and drive levels in the case of an ideal linear capacitor. In most cases, the effective tan (delta) calculated from a major loop agrees fairly well with that calculated from a directly measured minor loop. Finally, the behavior of the loss tangent as a function of the dc bias field, ac drive field, prestress level and temperature will be examined. It shall be shown that, in general, the effective loss factor of lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate decreases with increasing temperature, consistent with its transition from a piezoelectric to an electrostrictive material, but increases with prestress. At a fixed temperature and prestress level, the loss factor increases as the bias or drive levels decrease. However, at certain bias levels, the loss tangent is practically the same, regardless of the drive level.


Cells of the Hilf R3230AC mammary carcinoma synthesize the milk proteins casein and lactose synthetase, but at a markedly reduced rate in comparison with normal mammary cells. Immunofluorescent staining was used for the cellular localization of these specific proteins in order to determine whether this lower synthetic rate represented the activity of only a few differentiated cells or a lower rate of activity in all cells. The proteins were detected in all of the carcinoma cells, indicating a single mode of expression for these genes in this carcinoma. Changes in casein and α-lactalbumin synthesis thus appear to reflect milk protein synthesis in the entire carcinoma cell population.


Free Space Optical (FSO) communication is a method of transmitting data using modulated light waves through free space, such as air or vacuum, instead of using traditional wired or fiber-optic cables. FSO systems typically use lasers or light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as light sources to transmit data, and photodiodes or other light detectors to receive the data. In this paper, we investigate the error performance of a Free Space Optical system using various modulation techniques under different intensity fluctuation conditions. Our analysis takes into account the combined effects of atmospheric turbulence-induced fading and misa-lignment fading on the propagating signal. We derive novel closed-form expressions for the statistics of the random attenuation of the propagation channel for each modulation scheme used. Additionally, we perform a comparative study of bit-error rate (BER) performance for all modulation techniques considered in this work. We present numerical results to evaluate the error performance of all modulation schemes used in FSO systems with the presence of atmospheric turbulence and/or misalignment. Furthermore, we compare the OOK, PPM, DPSK, and BSPK modulation techniques to determine the best modulation that achieves the minimum BER for a given signal-to-noise ratio value equal to 30 dB in different scenarios.


A series laboratory experiments have been carried out in this paper to investigate foam behaviors during N 2/ASP alternative injection, especially its flow behaviors under different flow rate and pressure conditions. Experimental results show that the formation and flow of foam were seriously affected by velocity and pressure. High flow velocity makes gas channeling happen, and low flow velocity makes the difficulty increase of foam propagating along the displacement. Low pressure is beneficial to generate stable foams. Once foam formed, its flow resistance increases and mobility decreases notably. In the process of N 2/ASP alternative injection, the foam generated in the input area will propagate along porous media at the displacing of viscous fluid.


Introduction As part of a larger study comparing policing in African Union (AU) and United Nations (UN) Peace Operations, this policy brief will focus on the Police Component of the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA).1 Whereas UN Peace Operations tend to be deployed in post-conflict situations where there is, in fact, some peace to keep, the AU more typically deploys into more unstable situations where one of the main objectives is to contribute to creating some form of stability. Hence, the security situation in which the UN and AU operate may be very different, something reflected in their mandates and which in turn may have implications on how they are able to operate and what they can do, let alone accomplish. However, with no peace agreement in place, the current security situation in Mali is posing severe challenges to the UN mission and its Police Component. Based on field research conducted in Mali and during 2013 and 2014, this policy brief aims to shed light upon the challenges faced by MINUSMA Police and to provide recommendations for future engagements.2


Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMS), HOOC‐CH(SH)‐CH(SH)‐COOH, was first developed in China as an effective antidote for poisoning from many heavy metals, such as Pb, Hg, As, Cd, Sb, TI, Au, Zn, Ni, Pt, Ag, Co and Sn. DMS increases the excretion of Ce, Pm, Sr and Po from the body. Hundreds of patients suffering from hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson's disease) have been treated successfully with DMS. Recently, DMS was found to be effective also in treating certain non‐metallic intoxications, like some of the new non‐phosphate pesticides and mushroom poisonings.


The Precambrian rocks of Casper Mountain were mapped as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's studies of the geologic framework of Precambrian crystalline areas in Wyoming. Casper Mountain, an east-west-trending, asymmetrical anticlinal flexure defined by its Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary cover, is the northwest extension of the Laramie Mountains uplift. The area of the mountain has been topographically positive since Laramide time. Since then, erosion has stripped part of the overlying sedimentary cover from the mountain, exposing Precambrian rocks in its core. This Precambrian core is part of the Archean greenstone-granite belt of central Wyoming. An early sedimentary sequence of sandstone and graywacke intruded by, and interlayered with, diabase, gabbro, and other mafic intrusive and extrusive rocks was subjected to regional dynamic metamorphism of high amphibolite grade 2.8 b.y. ago. This metamorphism converted the sedimentary rocks to quartzite, biotite schist, and gneiss and felsic gneiss, and the mafic rocks mostly to amphibolite. Intrusions of ultramafic, mafic, and granitic rocks and migmatite accompanied, or followed, metamorphism. A more recent (1.7 b.y.) thermal event resulted in a pervasive regional retrograde metamorphism recognizable in most rocks on Casper Mountain. Precambrian structures south of the Casper Mountain fault include folds, joints, and faults that trend predominantly east-northeast. Many of these northeast-trending faults were reactivated during Laramide time when horizontal forces caused the area to be uplifted and folded on an east-trending axis into a doubly plunging fold. The anticlinal form of the mountain, however, is not reflected in its Precambrian core. The consistency of the Precambrian structure indicates the Precambrian rocks did not flex or deform plastically during Laramide time but did fracture. The flexure of the mountain was probably formed by a maximum principal stress oriented north-south, a mean principal stress oriented east-west, and a minimum principal stress oriented vertically. Pervasive joint sets in the Precambrian rocks may have developed during Precambrian time, but these were largely masked by a stronger Laramide joint pattern. Laramide-age movements on the major faults of the area thrust Casper Mountain northward, and the amount of horizontal transport may have been substantial. Although prospecting for chromite and asbestos has been fairly extensive on Casper Mountain, the area has not shown potential for either mineral sufficient to support workings. Department of Geology, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325 Geochemical studies of wells, seeps, and springs on Casper Mountain indicate that the quality of ground water is greatly influenced by terrain and rock composition. Water from granitic and metasedimentary terrain is a hard calcium bicarbonate water, and that from a serpentine terrain is a hard magnesium bicarbonate water.


The invention discloses a cowpea pest control method, and belongs to the field of vegetable pest control. The cowpea pest control method can effectively overcome the defects that when pesticide is sprayed, toxic and side effects are large and certain harm can be caused to human bodies. The cowpea pest control method comprises the steps that ten kilograms of vine peppers are aired outdoors for three hours to remove moisture on the surfaces of the vine peppers; then the vine peppers are poured into a squeezer, so that vine pepper oil is squeezed out; two hundred grams of the vine pepper oil is poured into a container, ten kilograms of water is added into the container and the mixture is stirred evenly through a stick; the prepared liquid is poured into an atomizer and the atomizer is shaken for ten seconds violently; cowpeas and leaves of the cowpeas are sprinkled once from bottom to top, and then water mist is sprayed upwards, so that the water mist falls down from top to bottom, and therefore the cowpeas can be sprinkled with the liquid all around sufficiently, wherein the liquid spraying quantity is controlled to be within the range where no water drops from the surfaces of the cowpeas; sprinkling is conducted every five days and sprinkling can be conducted once for supplementation after a rainy day. The cowpea pest control method is mainly used for cowpea pest control.


This paper examines how the demand for independence appeared in the era of Decolonization. I argue that nationalist movements were more likely to emerge in places where the colonial authorities recruited the native population in World War II. The theory highlights the role of war veterans in creating the demand for independence and in facilitating it through organized collective action. Drawing on original World War II native recruitment data, an analysis of nationalist movements in sub-national units from 1945 to 1984 provides evidence consistent with the theory. The findings in this study help us better understand the rise of nationalist movements in the twentieth century and the political effects of military service.


The local structure of the pseudo-cubic solid solution 0.6BaTiO3-0.4BiScO3, which exhibits reentrant dipole-glass behavior, has been determined using the Reverse Monte Carlo method to simultaneously fit (1) neutron and X-ray total scattering data (including the corresponding real-space pair-distribution functions), (2) Bi and Sc extended X-ray absorption fine structure, and (3) patterns of diffuse scattering in electron diffraction. These structural refinements revealed the multi-site probability density distributions for both Bi (14-sites) and Ti (8 sites), whereas Ba and Sc featured normal unimodal distributions. Bi atoms are displaced along both the 〈111〉 and 〈100〉 directions, while Ti atoms are shifted along 〈111〉. Correlated dynamic hopping of Bi and Ti over their corresponding split sites combined with chemical disorder is proposed as the origin of the strong frequency dispersion observed in dielectric measurements. The existence of split sites also explains the reentrant dipole-glass behavior reported for this system.


[1] The statistical characteristics of small-scale spatial and temporal electric field variability in the high-latitude regions of Earth's ionosphere are investigated using 48 months of data from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) radars in both hemispheres. Electric field fluctuations on spatial scales between 45 km and 450 km and on temporal scales between 2 min and 20 min are considered. It is found that both the distribution shapes and scale-size dependencies of the fluctuations are consistent with the expected properties of a turbulent flow. The observed spatial and temporal variability is influenced primarily by the magnitude of the shear or gradient in the background plasma drift and by season and solar cycle, suggesting plasma instabilities and gradients in the conductance as sources of the electric field variability. The relationship between spatial and temporal variability is investigated and it is found that the fluctuations are likely to be a mixture of convecting static and time-varying structures. It is also observed that the small-scale variability has statistical characteristics that are very similar in the two hemispheres. For practical purposes, although a stretched exponential function best matches the data, the distribution of observed electric field fluctuations can be approximated using an exponential function, enabling straightforward generation of nearly realistic random fluctuations. Citation: Cousins, E. D. P., and S. G. Shepherd (2012), Statistical characteristics of small-scale spatial and temporal electric field variability in the high-latitude ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 117, A03317, doi:10.1029/2011JA017383.


Wavelet transform has the feature of multi-difference and has been used in image fusion. After image decomposed by wavelet, different entropy of low and high frequency parts are obtained in different decomposed layers. The emphases of image fusion can be obtained by analyzing the entropy of low and high frequency parts in different wavelet decomposed layers, and fusion methods can be accordingly used. The fusion of low frequency parts use improved energy fusion method in different wavelet decomposed layers, the fusion of high frequency parts use different computing expressions of grads on different detail directions. Satisfied vision and evaluation results are obtained by fusing two images using this method


Disseminated cutaneous tuberculosis in an immunocompetent patient: a clinical challenge in the public health system in Brazil Dear Editor, Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although it mainly affects the lungs, it can manifest itself in other organs and systems. Among the extrapulmonary forms, the most common are pleural, lymphatic, central nervous system, osteoarticular, genitourinary, intestinal, peritoneal, pericardial, ocular, and cutaneous. Between 2001 and 2019, 1.68 million cases of tuberculosis were registered in Brazil, of which approximately 13% (220,700) were extrapulmonary forms. Among them, 256 were cutaneous tuberculosis (0.01% of the total). The morphological variety of lesions depends on the route of inoculation of M. tuberculosis and the individual's immune profile, which makes the disease more recurrent in immunosuppressed patients. Thus, the aim of this article is to report a case of disseminated cutaneous tuberculosis in an immunocompetent patient,


Up to 70% of older people have experienced at least one potentially traumatic event in their lives. Distress and psychological damage (including challenges in functioning or coping) can occur where the event threatens the person's safety or overwhelms their ability to integrate their emotional experience (eg, understand and make sense of the event). However, the extent of distress will vary. Between 20 and 40% of survivors will develop clinically significant posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a syndrome characterised by intrusive reliving of the trauma, avoidance of thoughts and feelings associated with the trauma, mood disturbance, hyperarousal, and dissociation. The impact of exposure to psychological trauma can be pervasive and continue for many years. Core difficulties tend to persist or are at least present intermittently over the life course. Reemergence in older age is common. "Complex" or developmental trauma, caused by prolonged relational neglect or abuse, is increasingly recognised to fundamentally impede core regulation and interpersonal skills. Trauma-informed care is a framework that prioritises assessment of trauma and its current effects, amends procedures to account for triggers, and creates an environment that maximises control for the survivor. It is applied across mental health systems and is wellestablished to promote staff and care recipient safety and satisfaction, reduce the risk of re-traumatisation, and minimise adverse events. However, trauma-informed care is not widely implemented in generalist aged care settings. The aim of this discussion is to make a case for widespread implementation of trauma-informed models of care in generalist aged care settings. Similar cases have previously been made for hospice and palliative care and generalist health services based on the potential mutual benefits for both service users and providers. We will also discuss the research, policy, and clinical advancements that would be required to achieve widespread systems change.


Because of wireless sensor network signal attenuation phenomena in the process of transmission in plantation environment, mastering the law of 2.4GHz wireless sensor network signal attenuation in plantation environment has become a key to the rational distribution of wireless sensor networks in the forest. In this paper, an intelligent forecasting method using wavelet and regression analysis approach is presented of prediction of 2.4GHz wireless sensor network signal attenuation in plantation environment. By using wavelet decomposition on the average field strength values in plantation environment, the characteristics in the wavelet scale sequences can be recognized. And by using simple linear regression analysis, the decomposed data can be predicted. Then data after regression analysis can be used in wavelet reconstruction. Finally, the obtained results will be compared with the other average field strength values. The comparison shows that this wavelet and regression analysis method is effective to the prediction of 2.4GHz wireless sensor network signal attenuation. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i3.4429 Full Text: PDF


Small businesses may be expected to be more likely to fail because they are more volatile, have less power in negotiations with financial and social partners, are more credit-rationed by credit managers, are less likely to benefit from their experience or 'learning effects', compared to large firms, and often operate in small markets. From this point of view, financial ratios seem to be irrelevant when modelling their default probabilities. This current research is an attempt to fine tune variables and to find more dynamic information to include in a point-in-time probability of default model.In this paper we explore the hypothesis that a firm's future default could be measured and explained solely by the historical data on the ability and willingness of a firm to pay its creditors. We use a credit scoring application to model default on a large data set of French Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). We find that payment behavior data can be used to successfully predict SME bankruptcy in France and in a timely manner. New variables on late payment and delinquency are identified as alternatives to those usually used in failure models literature.


Abstract : A summary report is presented on the studies of microsegregation and microstructure in Al-Zn-Mg-Ti alloys performed under the contract entitled, Electron Probe Microanalysis of Concentrations Segregation in Aluminum-Zinc-Magnesium. (Author)


Supporting convolutional neural network (CNN) inference on resource-constrained IoT devices in a timely manner has been an outstanding challenge for emerging smart systems. To mitigate the burden on IoT devices, the prevailing solution is to offload the CNN inference task, which is usually composed of billions of operations, to public cloud. However, the "offloading-to-cloud" solution may cause privacy breach while moving sensitive data to cloud. For privacy protection, the research community has resorted to advanced cryptographic primitives and approximation techniques to support CNN inference on encrypted data. Consequently, these attempts cause impractical computational overhead on IoT devices and degrade the performance of CNNs. Moreover, relying on the remote cloud can cause additional network latency and even make the system dysfunction when network connection is off.
We proposes an extremely lightweight edge device assisted private CNN inference solution for IoT devices, namely LEP-CNN. The main design of LEP-CNN is based on a novel online/offline encryption scheme. The decryption of LEP-CNN is pre-computed offline via utilizing the linear property of the most time-consuming operations of CNNs. As a result, LEP-CNN allows IoT devices to securely offload over 99% CNN operations, and edge devices to execute CNN inference on encrypted data as efficient as on plaintext. LEP-CNN also provides an integrity check option to help IoT devices detect error results with a successful rate over 99%. Experiments on AlexNet show that LEP-CNN can speed up the CNN inference for more than 35 times for resource constrained IoT devices. A homomorphic encryption based AlexNet using CryptoNets is implemented to compare with LEP-CNN to demonstrate that LEP-CNN has a better performance than homomorphic encryption based privacy preserving neural networks under time-sensitive scenarios.


A teacher shoulders arduous and heavy task to educate younger generation.A teacher's professional ethic is the base of teaching.However,many problems exist as a result of all sorts of reasons.To strengthen teaching morals cultivation,great efforts must be made in such aspects as loving teaching job and students,being aware of a teacher's role as a model,life-long learning and team spirt.


Contrary to expectation, advanced undergraduates held few misconceptions about behavior analysis. Only 3 of 13 misconceptions were widely held. Those 3 misconceptions, however, were resistant to change; a one-semester Introduction to Behavior Modification course did little to change them.


Abstract:The contemporary Puerto Rican Taíno movement, on both the archipelago and the US mainland, is predicated on claims to indigenous identity understood as explicitly religious (a matter of "sacred" beliefs and practices) but also always legal (and thus as an orientation toward legal activism, seeking recognition from the state of their indigenous status). The Jatibonicu Taíno Nation of Boriken is unique in its emphasis on intellectual property law, advancing claims to copyright and trademark, claims that function to generate the Jatibonicu Taíno Nation as a legal subject (a corporate holder of such rights) and serving as evidence, in Jatibonicu rhetoric, of legal recognition (as the recognized holder of such rights). Consideration of the Jatibonicu example contributes to understandings of popular "legal consciousness" and creative (subaltern) engagements with legal theory and practice, to understanding of the ways that subjectivity is generated through citation and engagement with the law, and to the ways (imperial) law can be coopted by communities struggling against colonialism and "cultural genocide." Intellectual property law is used by the Jatibonicu Nation as an essential tool for survival.


Retraction: Yu, W., Li, Q., Chen, T., Zhang, H., Cui, X. and Shen, K. (2021), Transcription activation of microRNA‐25 by PEA3 augments progression of gastric cancer through suppressing SIK1. Exp Physiol. Accepted Author Manuscript. https://doi.org/10.1113/EP089254


Background: Although polygenic risk score (PRS), which estimates an individual's genetic risk to a given trait/disease, has been considered as a promising tool for precision medicine, the individual-level uncertainty in lung cancer PRS and the extent to which its effect on downstream clinical applications remains largely unexplored.
 Method: Lung cancer PRSs with confidence interval (CI) were constructed via two approaches for each individual - 1) a GWAS-based cross-validation and bootstrapping method (PRS-CV) based on 16 SNP loci that have been validated in Caucasian population, and 2) a Bayesian method using LDPred2 (PRS-Bayes), among 18,146 lung cancer cases and 12,894 cancer-free controls of European ancestry in the International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO). Individuals were classified into different genetic risk subgroups based on the relationship between their own PRS mean/PRS CI and the population level threshold. Multivariable analyses controlling for age, gender and smoking history were conducted to discover the relative risk of lung cancer for different PRS risk subgroups. Lung cancer risk prediction models incorporating both PRS risk subgroups and non-genetic risk factors were constructed and evaluated using five-fold cross-validation.
 Results: Considerable variance in PRS point estimates at the individual level was observed for both methods, with an average standard deviation (s.d.) of 0.12 (95% CI = 0.09-0.15) for PRS-CV and a much larger s.d. of 0.88 (95% CI = 0.68-1.11) for PRS-Bayes. With a credible level p = 95%, PRS-CV only classified 24.3% of the low genetic risk and 15.6% of the high genetic risk population with certainty, while PRS-Bayes was unable to find any eligible individuals. Only 19% of the individuals were commonly identified as high genetic risk using the two PRS estimators. An increased relative risk of lung cancer was observed for PRS risk subgroups identified by PRS CI approach (OR = 2.92, 95% CI = 2.26-3.78, p-value = 2.5*10−16) compared to by PRS mean (OR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.99-2.45, p-value = 1.6*10−50). Similar improvement was observed in stratified analyses by gender, lung cancer histologies and smoking history, with the largest increase observed in never smokers. Improved risk prediction performance was consistently observed in individuals identified by PRS CI approach and it achieved the best performance when incorporating age, gender and smoking packyears (AUC: 0.73, 95% CI = 0.72-0.74).
 Conclusion: Our study first characterized the uncertainty of lung cancer PRS for individuals and evaluated the potential impacts on subsequent risk stratification and prediction in populations with European ancestry. Lung cancer PRS estimated using different methods have modest correlations at the individual level, highlighting the importance of taking serious considerations integrating PRS in clinical interpretation and implementation in precision medicine.
 Citation Format: Xinan Wang, Ziwei Zhang, Yi Ding, Tony Chen, Lorelei Mucci, Christopher I. Amos, Xihong Lin, David C. Christiani. Impact of individual level uncertainty of lung cancer polygenic risk score on risk stratification and prediction [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1184.


Much of the material in the following essay was originally developed for the members of the National Religious Formation Conference, delivered at their bi-annual meeting in Philadelphia in November of 1981, and published in their 1981 Proceedings: Formation in the American Church. It was later reworked at the invitation of the Leadership Conference of Women Religious and the Conference of Major Superiors of Men, delivered at their joint annual meeting in San Francisco in August of 1982, and published in their 1982 Proceedings: To Build a Bridge. It has since been used by a number of congregations in their respective renewal processes, in preparations for chapters, and as input for committees working on revisions of constitutions.


The formation of entrepreneur businesses under the influence of processes of modernization, intraclass differentiation in Don, Kuban, Terski Cossack armies is investigated in the article. The position of the authorities concerning economic development of the South of Russia is considered.


Objectivie To investigate the effect of malondialdehyde on the calcium homeostasis disruption in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons,their possible mechanisms and signaling pathways of to the effects.Methods The concentration of cytosolic free calcium(i) was determined by fluorescence spectrophotometry with Fur2/AM as an indicator.Results The levels of i were increased with the increasing MDA concentrations in the primary cultured hippocampal neurons and the duration of time,and the calcium homeostasis was disturbed.The increase of I induced by 100 μmol/L MDA showed two stages.The early stage was from 0-10 min,and the late stage was from 15-30 min.The increase of I in the early stage was inhibited by U73122,a PLC inhibitor,indicating that this increase of I may be induced by the PLC/IP3 signaling pathway.The increase of I in the late stage was inhibited by nimodipine,a calcium channel antagonist,indicating that the increase of I in the late stage may be induced by the L-voltage operation calcium channel(L-VOCC) signal pathways.Conclusion The mechanisms of I increase induced by 100 μmol/L MDA may involve two different signaling pathways.


This second paper of the series investigates the transverse response of a magnetic field to the independent relaxation of its flux tubes of fluid seeking hydrostatic and energy balance, under the frozen-in condition and suppression of cross-field thermal conduction. The temperature, density, and pressure naturally develop discontinuities across the magnetic flux surfaces separating the tubes, requiring the finite pressure jumps to be compensated by magnetic-pressure jumps in cross-field force balance. The tangentially discontinuous fields are due to discrete currents in these surfaces, δ-function singularities in the current density that are fully admissible under the rigorous frozen-in condition but must dissipate resistively if the electrical conductivity is high but finite. The magnetic field and fluid must thus endlessly evolve by this spontaneous formation and resistive dissipation of discrete currents taking place intermittently in spacetime, even in a low-β environment. This is a multi-dimensional effect in which the field plays a central role suppressed in the one-dimensional (1D) slab model of the first paper. The study begins with an order-of-magnitude demonstration that of the weak resistive and cross-field thermal diffusivities in the corona, the latter is significantly weaker for small β. This case for spontaneous discrete currents, as an important example of the general theory of Parker, is illustrated with an analysis of singularity formation in three families of two-dimensional generalizations of the 1D slab model. The physical picture emerging completes the hypothesis formulated in Paper I that this intermittent process is the origin of the dynamic interiors of a class of quiescent prominences revealed by recent Hinode/SOT and SDO/AIA high-resolution observations.


1.1 Fp The simplest example of a finite field is as follows. Take a prime p ∈ Z. Let Fp = Z/pZ (the quotient of the ring Z mod the ideal pZ). Very explicitly, Fp = {0, 1, . . . , p − 1}, and the operations are addition and multiplication of integers mod p. To see that this is a field, the main step is to verify that every a ∈ Fp has a multiplicative inverse. Since a ∈ Fp and p is prime, we have that GCD(a, p) = 1, and so by Euclid, we know that there exist integers x, y s.t. ax+ py = 1. Then x mod p is a−1.


AIM: To explore the effect of brain ischemia injury on cell proliferation and nestin expression in cortex and subependymal zone (SEZ). METHODS: Using a local brain ischemia model(MCAO), BrdU positive cells of cortex and subependymal zone (SEZ), also nestin positive cells, were observed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: BrdU and nestin positive cells in SEZ of MCAO rats were obviously increased. In cortex, only nestin positive cells were observed. CONCLUSION: Neural stem cells in SEZ and cortex were activated after brain ischemia, it may be related with neural recovery after brain ischemia injury.


In children, discovery of a foreign body in teeth is often diagnosed accidently which may be lodged due to a traumatic injury or it may be a self-inflicted injury. However, in adults, it may be due to a social habit and the patient usually reports only when he/she experiences pain and then the foreign object is discovered in radiographic examination.
In this article, we present a case report of a 23-year-old male with a ball pen nib lodged into the lower molar teeth due to an unusual social habit, which the patient himself was unaware about and the subsequent removal of the foreign body.


BACKGROUND
In recent years, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO, EC 18.104.22.168) inhibitors have been widely studied as important agricultural herbicides. Our research effort was focused on the design and synthesis of novel PPO inhibitor herbicides, done through the linking of a diphenylether pyridine bioisostere structure to substituted coumarins, which aims to enhance environmental and crop safety while retaining high efficacy. The work done in our research are the design and synthesize of a series of phenoxypyridine derivatives.

RESULTS
In this work, a total of 21 compounds were synthesized via acylation reactions and all the compounds were characterized using IR, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, and high-resolution mass spectra. The respective configuration of compound IV-6 and IV-12 were also confirmed using single crystal X-ray diffraction. The bioassay results showed that the title compounds displayed notable herbicidal activity, especially compound IV-6 which displayed better herbicidal activity in greenhouse and field experiments, crop selectivity and safety for cotton and soybean as compared to that of the commercial herbicide oxyfluorfen.

CONCLUSION
The present work revealed that the compound IV-6 deserves further attention as the candidate structure of novel and safe herbicide. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


This article is about the impact of the staff development on the intellectual capital of companies in the world uranium mining industry. Authors presented the new method of staff training of intellectual capital in uranium mining companies. Also by example of one of the major mining companies we can see improvements in some financial indicators due to investments in the staff training. All that confirms the effective work of company's management. Authors came to a conclusion that a lot of attention should be paid to the methodology of training programs. So, one of the key trends in a work of atomic energy sector players is estimation of intellectual capital.


We show analytically that the ratio of the norm of sliver states agrees with the ratio of D-brane tensions. We find that the correct ratio appears as a twist anomaly.


exaggerated tendon reflexes, chest pain, marked depression, and a slightly reduced IQ. Both had pellagra-like eruption on skin exposed to light, a typical "H pattern" of the amino acid excretion, and a perceptibly increased excretion of indican, indole acetic acid, indolyl acryl glycine and indolyl acetyl glutamine. In a tryptophane tolerance test there was a marked increase in the indole excretion, while sterilization of the bowel with neomycin prior to tryptophane prevented this increase in the excretion. EEG showed generalized dysrhythmia in the girl. This disease is assumed to be due to a defect in the breakdown of tryptophane to nicotinic acid or in the intracellular transport of tryptophane. Treatment with large doses of nicotinamide quickly improved the eruption in our patients and also appeared to affect the mental and neurological disturbances in the girl.


Space tourism represents a significant growth area for commercial space transportation and is the next step towards regularly-scheduled manned space flights. The enormous cost of space operations presents a tremendous challenge for owners and designers of space tourism systems, who must also consider the value offered to their customer base. This paper examines the cost-value relationship for space tourism systems and uses optimization techniques to explore the design space for an orbital space tourism vehicle. A value-based optimization framework is used to assess the impact of vehicle design decisions on the cost of the system and demand for the service. The simulation model includes an innovative module that quantifies customer satisfaction during space flights. The optimization results illustrate the tradeoff between quality and price, which is integral to the development of the space tourism industry.


The possibility of assessing the motor abilities of students with cerebral palsy (CP) can be an effective strategy to permit the interdisciplinarity between occupational therapists and teachers seeking alternatives that enable the successful inclusion of students. This study aimed to assess and describe the motor skills of a child with CP while conducting school activities. The study included a five-year-old child with hemiparetic PC and the child s teacher. For data collection a structured interview with the teacher was applied to identify two difficult activities for the child to perform, and also a motor skill rating scale (School – AMPS). This scale was used to collect data during the observation of the child in a naturalistic environment, performing activities previously indicated by the teacher. The analysis of the interview data was supported by a qualitative approach, and the analysis of School – AMPS was based on the score obtained by the child in each of the items of this scale. The interview results revealed that the difficult activities for the child to perform were cutting and writing. Data from the School – AMPS allowed to identify the skills and functional aspects that can be stimulated by the teacher in the educational context. This study enabled to verify the participation and/or restriction on realistic and meaningful activities for the subject. These results can be useful for education professionals working with this clientele, assisting them in the interdisciplinary intervention process that seeks the child's participation in activities.


We demonstrate a variant of the bond fluctuation lattice Monte Carlo model in which moves through cis conformations are forbidden. Ring polymers in this model have a conserved quantity that amounts to a topological linking number. Increased linking number reduces the radius of gyration mildly. A linking number of order 0.2 per bond leads to an 8% reduction of the radius for 128-bond chains. This percentage appears to rise with increasing chain length, contrary to expectation. For ring chains evolving without the conservation of linking number, we demonstrate a substantial anticorrelation between the twist and writhe variables whose sum yields the linking number. We raise the possibility that our observed anticorrelations may have counterparts in the most important practical polymer that conserves linking number, DNA.


sents in this volume is delightful, and beautifully produced by Spire Books, now run fromDr John Elliott's home at Old Standlynch Farm, Downton, near Salisbury (the successor of Spire Books Ltd, which brought out numerous fine volumes on architectural and ecclesiastical history). Fisher and his publisher have given us a valuable new study that emphasises how important were the artists and manufacturers who realised designs of creative men like Pugin: they were often undervalued, but without them much would have remained on paper. In Powell's case, the circumstances of his training by Pugin, his marriage to Pugin's eldest daughter and his tremendous legacy of marvellous designs have enabled his biographer to do him full justice. Even in death, Powell was reunited with his master: he was entombed with Pugin in the chantry-chapel in St Augustine's, joined two years later by his beloved wife, Anne. The story has been well told and handsomely presented. Fisher and his publisher are to be congratulated on a remarkable achievement.


Overexpression of PIM 1, 2, and 3 kinases is frequently observed in many malignancies. Previously, we discovered a potent and selective pan-PIM kinase inhibitor, compound 2, currently in phase I clinical trials. In this work, we were interested in replacing the amino group on the cyclohexane ring in compound 2 with a hydroxyl group. Structure-based drug design led to cellularly potent but metabolically unstable tetra-substituted cyclohexyl diols. Efforts on the reduction of Log D by introducing polar heterocycles improved metabolic stability. Incorporating fluorine to the tetra-substituted cyclohexyl diol moiety further reduced Log D, resulting in compound 14, a cellularly potent tetra-substituted cyclohexyl diol inhibitor with moderate metabolic stability and good permeability. We also describe the development of efficient and scalable synthetic routes toward synthetically challenging tetra-substituted cyclohexyl diol compounds. In particular, intermediate 36 was identified as a versatile intermediate, enabling a large-scale synthesis of highly substituted cyclohexane derivatives.


In support of SDIO objectives to develop optical quality CVD diamond windows, multiwavelength measurements of IR transmission, reflection, emissivity, and scatter are being made on samples from room temperature to 500°C. Free standing CVD diamond is compared with natural type IIa diamond of similar thickness and identical temperature. Extrinsic effects are measured in CVD windows provided by various manufacturers and laboratories but are measured under the same conditions and with the same equipment. No manufacturers will be identified. Intrinsic properties such as two-phonon absorption are compared with model predictions.


Ulcerative colitis is associated with colonic inflammation and increases colon cancer risk. Short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs; acetate, propionate, and butyrate) are produced in colon by bacterial fermentation of dietary fibers, which protect against inflammation and cancer in colon. Our aim was to determine the role of these bacterial metabolites in colonic inflammation and colon cancer at molecular level. Dendritic cells (DCs) in colon extend their cellular processes across epithelial tight junctions to sample the luminal contents for immunogens, consequently initiating appropriate T and B cell mediated immune response. We hypothesized that SCFAs induce tolerogenic immune response in colon. Our studies show that DCs, when exposed to butyrate and propionate, but not to acetate, upregulate indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) and that the ability of these two SCFAs to inhibit HDACs is responsible for this action. This process is dependent on Slc5a8, a transporter for SCFAs. Pharmacological inhibition of IDO in mice subjected to azoxymethane/dextran sulfate‐mediated colorectal carcinoma enhances colon cancer incidence. We conclude that propionate and butyrate protect against colonic inflammation and colon cancer partly through DC‐mediated immunosuppression and that the mechanism involves Slc5a8‐mediated entry of these SCFAs into cells with subsequent inhibition of HDACs.


Acute lung injury in humans is a seriously pathological injury. Different animal models of experimental lung injury have been used to investigate the mechanisms of lung injury. The present review focuses on the animal models of acute lung injury.


The construction of resilient city based on the concept of sustainable development has become an important part of promoting modern urban construction and management. This paper introduces the basic content and research progress of resilient city and some representative practical experiences and practices of resilient city construction, summarizes and analyzes the evaluation objectives and methods of resilient city and the construction elements of technical indicators of evalua周琪:硕士,经济师,助理研究员,主要从事城市综合规划及评价应用。


This paper describes moral education in Indonesia, more particularly, how teachers have implemented the Character Education policy issued by the Ministry of Education and Culture (MOEC) in 2010. This policy required teachers to instil certain values in every lesson, including EFL lessons, to contribute towards building a shared national moral character. Drawing on Durkheim's distinction between secular and religious morality, this paper considers how state schools accommodated and promoted this 'rational moral education' or secular morality (Durkheim, 1925) in government schools, and how it interacted with religious moral education. This paper uses Bernstein's concepts of pedagogic discourse, instructional and regulative discourses to analyse how teachers have recontextualised this policy in the micro pedagogic settings of their EFL classes. Three types of data were collected for this study: interviews, class observations and teachers' lesson plans. In this way, four EFL teachers working in state schools were interviewed on two occasions and three of their classes were observed. The first interview identified teachers' beliefs and perceptions regarding the Character Education policy. Their classroom and lesson plans were observed to augment this information. Then the final interview asked about the teacher's thinking behind their actions in the observed classes. Since character education was issued within the broader frame of school based curriculum that offered schools and teachers more choices to develop the local curriculum and its intent, the analysis will focus on what moral premises were evident in their school and classes, and how such morality was transmitted through the EFL lessons. The conclusion suggests that teachers' implementation of moral education in their classes was dominated by their school communities and the teachers' own preferred value of religiosity. Such value played out in the classes through both the regulative discourse and the instructional discourse.


The article presents the context of modern scientific debates on the boundaries of interdisciplinarity. The subject of the study is the common procedure of the use of oral history practices in the mass media space. The oral history itself is changing rapidly under the pressure of digital platforms such as StoryCorps (USA), Listening Project (UK), The Story Project (Australia), and The Tale of a Town (Canada). Another key thing is the fact that the changes affected not only the technological process of archiving and dissemination of information but also the basic foundations of oral history, which is its methodology. The in-depth interview is replaced by the "rapid response collecting" method and historical storytelling. The purpose of the article is to outline the discussion field of the modern scientific discourse of the problem, to present the most significant interdisciplinary interaction using the example of world and Ukrainian media, namely: coverage of contradictory and ambiguous interpretations of historical facts; narrative; prolonged communication; multimedia and multiplatform. The research methods are traditional empirical methods of observation and description, as well as paradigmatic analysis of the functional features of oral history practices in journalism.

Results of the research. Basic characterological directions proposed in the study allowed us to present the main points of discussion in various aspects: the use of oral historical materials, especially "hidden history" through the eyes of eyewitnesses, become an additional source of journalistic clarifications, investigations and expansion of the information agenda; addressing marginal themes of history, giving a voice to terrorist groups and participants in genocides poses extremely complex and ethically controversial questions to the audience; multimedia and multiplatform give new life to oral history information, while performance, theatre and participation are added to the usual practices of new media. The most expressive manifestation of changes in this interdisciplinary discourse is the practice of digital storytelling; its media use is illustrated by the BBC's Capture Wales digital storytelling project.

As part of the scientific discussion that has continued for the last few years, the issues of democratization of history, mass inclusion in digital archives, the creation of powerful social projects, and attempts to distance oral history as a separate discipline have been actualized. Moreover, it is recognized that, like any creative practice, interdisciplinarity remains a wide field for experimentation and creativity.


The bibliography is intended as a tribute to Cook and his work, and as an aid to researchers in similar fields. Its main subdivisions reflect his interests—Asia Minor: archaeology, topography and history; Greece: archaeological and topographical studies; Attic Geometric and Protoattic pottery; Greek art (and other topics). Books, articles, and reviews are presented separately. The academic bibliography is preceded by references to material on the life of J. M. Cook, and succeeded by a list of obituary notices.


A new method for the torsional analysis of cable-stayed bridges is presented. The method is based on the potential energy of the stayed deck, and the solution is obtained through an iterative procedure. The iterative procedure is reasonably convergent, and the use of only a small number of Fourier terms is sufficient. The method is simple and quick, and it is also suitable for use on both small electronic computers and pocket calculators. The computer program prepared by the author solves any double-plane cable-stayed bridge literally in seconds. Numerical examples on two-and three-span bridges are worked out using the new method. If the bridge is loaded symmetrically about its longitudinal centreline, the problem reduces to the case of a single-plane cable-stayed bridge.(a)


When casting the slab in a slab-on-ground structure most of the drying will occur through the surface of the slab, which is in contact with the air. This will create a non-uniform internal moisture ...


The research aimed to give empirical evidence concerning the effect of the IFRS adoption on earnings management and the test of the difference of earnings management level between before and after the adoption. The research objects were the manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2 years (2011-2012). The main variables in this research are IFRS and earnings management. The research also includes several control variables i.e. size, financial leverage, market to book value and institutional investors. The data were analyzed by using multiple regression analysis and different t-test analysis. In this research, the adoption of IFRS indicates the positive effect on earnings management. The result of different test analysis also indicates that there is a statistically significant difference of earnings management level between before and after the adoption of IFRS. The other result indicates that among the four control variables, financial leverage indicate the positive effect on earnings management. Market to book value indicates a negative effect, whereas institutional investor is found not to have significant effect. Based on this research concluded that the adoption of IFRS has not fully guaranteed a decrease in earnings management yet.


As a pillar industry,Automobile industry plays an important role during social economic development.On the other hand,it has caused some negative effects on the resource and environment.This paper has important significance to promote the development of circular economy and a low carbon automobile industry.Based on the status quo of domestic and foreign automobile recovery,this paper analyzes the disadvantages in the process of automobile recycling in our country,from the angle of recycling system,technical input and motivate of the supervision system.According to the actual situation in our country,it puts forward some development strategies for recycling the wasted automobiles,from the point of the government,enterprises and consumer.


A kind of dish-shaped underwater vehicle was designed. By doing tests, the resistance and the hydrodynamic coefficients of the vehicle were obtained. Based on the experimental data, the vehicle's motion stability and maneuverability were analyzed. The research results show that the dish-shaped underwater vehicle has good resistance characteristics and maneuverability.


This research examined the power of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to predict smoking intentions and smoking behaviour in a sample of adolescents (N = 162). In addition, the role of past smoking behaviour and an implementation intention intervention was assessed. TPB variables and smoking behaviour was assessed by self-report questionnaires given to children (11 and 12 years old) at the beginning of the study (time 1) and again 8 weeks later (time 2). All children received information against smoking and either formed an implementation intention about how, where and when they could resist smoking, or in the control condition how, where and when they could finish all their work at school. The TPB provided good predictions of intentions cross-sectionally (R2 = 0.27) and prospectively (R2 = 0.23) and behaviour prospectively (91% correctly classified). Past behaviour was only significant in the prospective analyses. Implementation intentions produced modest reductions in smoking and smoking initiation compared to the control group. These differences were not significant. Implementation intentions increased the power of attitudes and decreased the power of perceived behavioural control to predict intentions prospectively. Implications for furthering our understanding of smoking initiation in this group are discussed.


Face detection and recognition research has attracted great attention in recent years. Automatic face detection has great potential in a large array of application areas; including banking and security system access control, video surveillance, and multimedia information retrieval, etc. Face detection is a complex problem characterized by computationand memoryintensive operations. However, many face detection algorithms have inherent parallelism in them − both data as well as instruction-level − which when properly exploited can yield significant performance gains. Proper exploitation of this parallelism is not always easy, however, since there are significant memory operations that can overshadow the performance gain obtained by parallelization. In this work we explore various target multiprocessor architectures for this important application and study the resulting performance-area trade-offs.


The writer who engages in acts of online role-play or make-believe is often thought to promote him or herself as an individual agent. However, when members of Tumblr's role-play communities engage in play, they create scenes together that prompt surrender of authorial agency. In doing so, they engage in transindividual work, which allows them to work across, among, and between other entities until the boundaries of the self become porous rather than fixed.


Objective: To evaluate the frequency of Pospartum Depression in patients attending Postnatal Clinic in Fauji Foundation Hospital, Peshawar.Material & Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in Gynaecology, Psychiatry and Medical OPD of Fauji Foundation Hospital from January 2011 to June 2012. A sample of 139 women attending the postnatal clinic within 6 weeks of their delivery were included using consecutive, non-probability sampling and screened through the Urdu version of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) with a cutoff score of 11. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.Results: Out of 139 participants, 51 (36.69%) were found to be suffering from Postnatal Depression. Of the total participants, 88 (63.3%) were from age group 18-35 years. We found that class 8 students 18 (35.3%) is showing the maximum EPDS score. 32 (62.7%) participants having >11 score have delivered their babies through spontaneous vaginal delivery and 35 (68.6%) participants with high EPDS score shows no medical complication during pregnancy.Conclusion: Postnatal period is a period of vulnerability for women to develop postpartum psychiatric illnesses especiallypostpartum depression and psychosis; therefore the healthcare providers must pay immediate attention to this issue and devise measures for effective screening and management of these cases.


Objective To investigate the psychological status among elderly patients with heart diseases and constipation.Methods Forty five elderly heart diseases patients with constipation and thirty four elderly heart diseases patients without constipation(control group) were recruited and investigated with Zung's Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) and Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS).Results The index scores of SAS in both two groups were higher than that of the normal(P0.05),and it was significantly higher in patients with constipation than that of the control group(P0.05).Compared with the normal,there was no significant difference in index scores of SDS in both two groups(P0.05),but it was significant higher in patients with constipation than that of the control group(P0.05).Conclusion Among the elderly patients with heart diseases,the anxiety and depression are more prevalent in patients with constipation compared with patients without constipation.It is suggested to pay close attention to their anxiety and depression and take corresponding nursing measures.


A phenomenological model of Mirnov oscillations is constructed, based on very general ideas about the behavior of systems close to instability. Although the model is only a first approximation, the agreement with experiment is encouraging.


The efficacy of the community partnership model is well supported in the literature. The university system affords the appropriate infrastructure for successful educational partnerships within culturally diverse communities. This proposed model has global implications. By creating a new cadre of professional and paraprofessional family health care providers, it provides a viable process for resolving the current nursing shortage and simultaneously meeting the goals of Healthy People 2010. The sharing of academic expertise and resources empowers individual community members to improve the quality of health care decisions for themselves and their families while promoting the necessary leadership skills required to significantly affect policy changes. Evaluating this model through a formalized process will add to the existing body of literature documenting the value of specific interventions and ultimately facilitate policy changes for the new millennium.


Bangladesh has many success stories in health, including its on-track progress in achieving the millennium development goals (MDGs).1,2 Yet, the country is suffering a huge shortage of workforce in the health sector, particularly doctors, nurses and midwives.3,4 the Alma Ata Declaration in 1978 reiterated the importance of primary Health Care (pHC)5 and the role of community health workers (CHWs) in responding to the healthcare needs of the people.6 in addressing this human resource gap, an innovative CHW initiative has shown promising results, including recruitment and retention of staff, health system performance and health outcomes.Development of ChwsCollaborative working between government and non-government organizations (NGos) has enabled better utilization of human resources, particularly in the use of front-line health workers. it is estimated that out of 219,000 CHWs in Bangladesh, 56,000 are government workers and 163,000 are from NGos, of which 105,631 are employed by the largest NGo in Bangladesh, 'BrAC' (formerly known as Bangladesh rural Advancement Committee).7,8 this means a collective resource of 13.7 CHWs per 10,000 populations, much higher than neighboring countries, such as, india, pakistan and Nepal.7recognizing the need for human resources in pHC, BrAC, an indigenous NGo, has pioneered the introduction of trained female CHWs to support disadvantaged populations.8 With knowledge of local context and needs, BrAC adapted the role of the CHW creating two new types known as Shasthya Shebika (SS) and Shasthya Kormi (SK). these workers promote good health, encourage community mobilization for health improvement, provide basic health services and link the community with the formal health system in rural areas and slums of cities and municipalities. the SSs, as the first front-line workers, are recruited from the community to serve 150-250 houses and are trained on basic preventive, health promotion and curative essential health care, which is backed up by regular monthly refresher training. the SKs are the second front-line CHWs trained by BrAC as paramedics, mostly offering basic antenatal and postnatal care, and who support, reinforce and supervise the activities of SSs. Going from house to house, the SKs and SSs explain family planning, provide antenatal and postnatal education and basic care, attend childbirth, offer newborn care, facilitate immunization, treat simple diarrheal diseases, counsel on nutritional behavior and practices and promote safe water, sanitation and hygiene.progress anD refleCtionsthe involvement of BrAC's CHWs in public health programs has shown positive results. tuberculosis case detection and treatment success rates are better where CHWs have been involved in communities.8 Health system management has improved where delays in seeking and accessing emergency obstetric care have reduced due to CHWs' involvement.9 Community empowerment is influenced by CHWs themselves being empowered, while also providing the bridge between the community and formal health systems.10the motivation and retention of CHWs has always been a challenge. in the late 1990s, the drop-out of SSs was 42%,11 improving to 12% in 2008,12 and recently is claimed to be as low as 5%-6%. introduction of incentives, continuous interactions through monthly refresher training and meetings, supportive field supervision and gaining a respectful position in the community have all boosted the motivation and retention of SSs. …


Resistance switching phenomena in an amorphous Ni–Ti–O film were investigated. Very clear bipolar resistive switching characteristics were observed with good reproducibility. Stable retention and on/off pulse switching operation was demonstrated. An analysis of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the Ni–Ti–O film provided a clue that the observed unusual bipolar resistance switching in the film is due to a microscopic change in the Ni–O and Ti–O binding states at the Ni–Ti–O film/electrode interface.


In this paper we study phase transition phenomena in an independent edge percolation model on a d-dimensional hyper-cubic lattice. The subject is treated in a rigorous, self-contained and accessible way for undergraduate students in physics and related areas. These models are often used to describe situations of physical interest. The "percolation phenomena" occur when we find an infinite cluster in the lattice. The change from a state where there are only finite clusters to a state with at least one infinity cluster is the geometric analogous of a phase transition as known in statistical mechanics. We show that the phase transition occurs, for hyper-cubic lattices in dimension d ³ 2, in a well-defined point, known as the critical point. We can associate an order parameter to this phase transition. Among all the physical models that present a phase transition, the percolation model is probably one of the simplest. At the same time, it is a good example of the connection that sometimes we find relating physics, mathematics and probability.


ABSTRACT There is considerable interest in the issue of accrediting counselor education programs and in examining the contributions of faculty members to their profession. To investigate the characteristics of the faculty in accredited counselor education programs, a survey was sent to all faculty members in 22 accredited institutions. Data were collected on their general characteristics, teaching load, areas of primary interest, and state and national credentials. An analysis of the results showed that the majority of faculty members are white, middle-aged males. Fifty-three percent hold the Doctor of Philosophy degree and 46% hold Doctor of Education degrees. The majority are tenured professors in counselor education. Teaching was indicated as the preferred professional activity of the respondents. Thirty-five percent of the group are licensed and 19% hold counselor certification. The majority have professional memberships in a variety of counseling related associations. A total of 50% have published between 0 and 11 articles, while 23% have published 20 or more articles. Eighty-three percent of the respondents have engaged in paid consulting activities. These findings provide baseline data to facilitate meaningful comparisons of faculty members at accredited and non-accredited counselor education programs. (BL)


This paper introduces background, main contents and knowledge structure of hearing impaired student's tutorials in pronunciation practice. Its professional cites benefits for hearing impaired students that increase the opportunity to prepare themselves for greater ability and competition in a globalization. The objective of this research was to study the effects of interactive multimedia tutorials for hearing impaired students in pronunciation practice. The sample groups were 36 hearing impaired students studying in 9 th grades at Setsatian School, the government's school that provides education for hearing impaired students, and divided into two groups, a controlled and experimental groups. The tutorial activities were divided two educational practice modes, the Animation Tutorial Activity mode and the Game Tutorial Activity mode. Each group of students was assigned to only one mode, and the learning outcomes of each mode were compared using the pre-test and post-test scores. Based on the one-way ANOVA method, it appeared that both group were favorable progress in learning. However, students in the Animation Activity modes showed more improvement in their emergent pronunciation levels than did in the Game Activity mode. Implications for future research and for education are discussed.


Navigation is critical among different species such as rodents, monkeys, and humans because the brain is capable of taking in information of directional actions and projects into a distributed spatial navigational network. Parietal cortex neurons, which are a part of the network, are able to map our location on a route based on directional actions (linear and angular speeds). By taking into account the current LS and AS, some parietal cortex neurons can determine what direction the rat was going at that time, as well as the rat's location along the route. Additionally, rather than only reflecting the rats' behavior at the present time, neurons in the parietal cortex can encode information across a short period of time referred to as an integration window. To explore how the integration window could potentially change when the rat was trained on a complex setting which replicate the real world environment, we examined the self-motion tuning in the parietal cortex of rats when they performed a Triple-T spatial working memory task. The parietal cortex neurons are tuned to angular and/or linear speeds. Many self-motion sensitive neurons in the parietal cortex are able to integrate information through a longer temporal window on the given task. Thus some neurons are able to encode the past, present, and future of self-motion in the rat posterior parietal cortex.


The effect of environmental factors like photosynthetic photon flux density, air and soil temperature on the inherent bioelectric potential of intact jute plants measured at two points 100 cm apart was found to vary between - 18 mV at night and 40 mV during midday. The bioelectric potential of the plant was more closely related to soil temperature than air temperature or light intensity.


Sir, This letter relates to the recent publication entitled 'Cascading Bias of Initial Exposure to Information at the Crime Scene to the Subsequent Evaluation of Skeletal Remains' (1) published in this journal. We wish to raise concerns for discussion regarding such an approach to research. While we wholeheartedly acknowledge the importance of bias and the necessity for ongoing research in this domain, there are fundamental methodological flaws that recur within the literature addressing bias across forensic science practice. In this paper, these have resulted in an inappropriate and potentially dangerous extrapolation to the professionalism of a certified forensic community. It is for this reason that we felt it imperative to raise our concerns for discussion within the forensic practitioner community, since this type of research not only impacts on the current discipline under consideration but also on other subjects. The paper concerned bases its conclusions on research undertaken using unqualified MSc students who are described as having an educational background of 'bioarchaeology/biological and physical anthropology or osteology' (1). The research subjects involved in this study are therefore utilized inappropriately as proxies for practicing forensic anthropologists. Indeed, the authors use the term "nonworking expert" to describe their participants which is misleading in the context of forensic practice. The use of the term "expert" in reference to students rather than experienced practitioners can and should be questioned. The profile of the subjects, as described by the authors, is of students who would not be expected to have had training in the requirements which are placed on forensic practitioners, including an awareness of the risks of cognitive bias. There is also no indication that the students have any practical experience of working on a forensic scenario within the U.K. criminal justice systems. According to the authors, the studied cohorts also contained no experienced forensic anthropologists or any students who had studied forensic anthropology therefore rendering invalid any claims regarding relevance to the profession. We would argue therefore, that suggesting that the results are reflective of practicing forensic anthropologists is a gross misrepresentation and an outcome that cannot be verified from the subjects examined. Subsequently, the conclusions cannot be borne out by the results. In short, the only viable conclusion from this research is that inexperienced MSc students, who have studied bioarcheology or physical anthropology, may be biased by contextual information. We are surprised and disturbed that these issues were not picked up in peer review and brought to the attention of the editor prior to publishing. We would welcome viable studies into bias within the forensic practitioner community, but utilizing unqualified students as a proxy is scientifically unacceptable and particularly so when then used to question the professional capabilities of a forensic discipline.


Niche theory suggests that the coexistence of ecologically similar species at the same site requires some form of resource partitioning that reduces or avoids interspecific competition. Here, we investigated the temporal and spatial niche differentiation of two sympatric congeneric spiders, Peucetia rubrolineata and P. flava, inhabiting Trichogoniopsis adenantha (Asteraceae) plants along an altitudinal gradient in various shaded and open areas in an Atlantic forest in Serra do Japi, SP, Brazil. In theory, the coexistence of two Peucetia species could be explained by: (1) temporal segregation; (2) differential use of the branches of the plant; (3) differential use of specific parts of the branches of the plant; (4) differential distribution in shaded and open areas; and (5) differential altitudinal distribution of the two Peucetia species. With respect to temporal niche, we observed that the two spider species had a similar age structure and similar fluctuation in abundance throughout the year. With respect to micro-habitat use, in both species, different instars used different plant parts, while the same instars of both species used the same type of substrate. However, the two Peucetia species segregated by meso-habitat type, with P. rubrolineata preferring T. adenantha plants in shaded areas and P. flava preferring those in open areas. Our results support the hypothesis of niche partitioning begetting diversity, and highlight the importance of analysing habitat use at multiple scales to understand mechanisms related to coexistence.


1. Department of Pathology, Armed Forces Medical College, Wanowrie, Pune-411040. 2. Departments ofARTC, Command Hospital (SC),Wanowrie, Pune-411040. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History Received: 05 April 2020 Final Accepted: 07 May 2020 Published: June 2020


INTRODUCTION
Bilateral parotid enlargement are presenting features of some metabolic and systemic disease but also of chronic emesis.

CASE RECORD
A 24-year old woman consulted during three years many physicians asking for the treatment of a painless parotid swelling confusing with a Sjogren's syndrome. After an initial denial, the weight history, alteration of tooth wear and hypokaliemia conducted to admit a self inducing vomiting with bulimia nervosa.

CONCLUSION
Gender, young age, weight history, tooth alteration and electrolytic disorders are the main diagnostic tool of this dissimulated etiology of parotid swelling.


A survey was conducted on the frequency of usage of psychologists' names in early introductory psychology textbooks (1920–1939) and recent introductory psychology textbooks (1968–1971) in order to assess differences between these periods. Using eponymy indexes, such as naming ratios which were derived from frequency of naming divided by textbook pages, a methodology was developed for comparing early and recent textbooks. Results showed that: (1) the average naming ratio for early textbooks was significantly lower than the ratio for recent textbooks; (2) there were significant differences in naming between early and recent textbooks in terms of various chapter headings and subject materials; and (3) there were significant differences in naming particular psychologists, e.g., Freud and Pavlov, with greater frequency occurring in the recent over the early textbooks. Results were discussed within the context of E. G. Boring's writings concerning eponymy and the future state of psychology.


The main objective of this paper is to examine the determining factors of outward FDI from four major OECD investors US, Germany, France and the Netherlands to developing countries located in different world regions. Our goal is to elucidate whether the motivation for FDI differs among these investors. Rather than relying on specific theories of FDI determinants we examine them all simultaneously employing Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) in a panel data set with 129 FDI destinations in 5 geographical regions covering the 1995-2008 period. This approach permits us to select the most appropriate model that governs FDI allocation and to distinguish robust FDI determinants. Among the main conclusions, we show that the FDI of these investors in developing countries depends on established ∗Financial support from the OeNB Jubilaeumsfond, No. 11701, is gratefully acknowledged. Gabriele Tondl acknowledges financial support from Europa-Kolleg Hamburg and a DAAD-scholarship. The authors like to thank Joseph Francois and ETSG conference participants for useful comments and suggestions. †Vienna University of Economics and Business, Institute for International Economics, Althanstrasse 39-45, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. ‡Vienna University of Economics and Business, Institute for International Economics & Research Institute for European Affairs, Althanstrasse 39-45, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, email: firstname.lastname@example.com.


This article reports the results of a portion of a more comprehensive study on the effect of corrections for random error of measurement and/or various forms of restriction of range on those estimates required to specify and justify a selection procedure. The objective of this article is to determine the effect of a joint correction for criterion unreliability and Case 1 selection on the predictor on the expected criterion performance, conditional criterion variance, and selection decision making.


Although opioid replacement therapy (ORT) reduces risks for all-cause and overdose death in individuals with opioid use disorder, mortality in individuals on ORT is still elevated. Benzodiazepines, pregabalin, and z-drugs (e.g., zolpidem, zopiclone) are misused by and prescribed for individuals on ORT, but only benzodiazepines have been linked to overdose risk. To learn more about the safety of these medications, researchers examined Swedish registry data on 4501 …


The tolerance in Islam springs from Sharia in both its primary and secondary sources.  There are abundance evidences found in the Qur'an and Sunnah which order people to tolerate and avoid terror. Qur'an and Sunnah as a  primary sources of Sharia do not accept terror, but invite people to have a sense of tolerance and kindness and non-extremism in Islamic dealings. Islam unrecognized a differentiation among people, except the quality of their taqwa . That is why  there is no different between Arabs and non-Arabs. Therefore, the primary sources of Islam have no any relation with terror and killing of the innocent. Such an example, killing the innocent is done toward a certain direction, side, group, doctrine, political thought, or sect that are the reasons of terror and enmity which increase force within communities.


A series of chain-coupled polyesters based on tartaric acid was synthesized and characterized following a two-step procedure. In the first step, tartaric acid based hydroxyl terminated polyesters with various alkane diols were prepared and then, in a second step, a chain-coupling approach using hexamethylene diisocyanate was employed on the synthesized polyesters to prepare a series of chain-coupled polyesters. The number-average molecular weights (Mn) of the polyesters were found to vary in the range (4.8 − 28.1) × 103 g mol−1. Thermomechanical studies demonstrate that the storage modulus of the chain-coupled polyesters decreases with increasing polymethylene chain length which is attributable to enhanced flexibility. The isolation of bacteria on medium containing polymer as the sole source of carbon indicates the ability of the synthesized polyesters to be taken up by microorganisms for growth. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry