ObjectivesRuminants effectively utilize animal and industrial production byproducts to create a high-quality and nutritionally-rich protein sources. Increasing the production of animal protein is a critical component of increasing food security within developing countries. Therefore, the objective was to investigate the potential development of cost-effective, nutritionally complete diets using local feedstuffs. Diets were designed to assess the gain potential of beef cattle in confined feeding systems across Honduras and the viability of local feedstuffs, rather than the intent of diet comparison.Materials and MethodsFive finishing diets were formulated using local Honduran feedstuffs such as palm kernel meal, poultry litter, and sugarcane for bulls in confinement. Diets were formulated on DM basis and targeted 13.5% CP. Cattle were Bos indicus crossed with Bos taurus and dairy type. Bulls were fed between 74 and 165 d with an average of 100 d. Initial BW ranged from 305 to 443 kg with an average of 369. Bulls were fed to a minimum of 400 kg (unshrunk final BW). All diets were analyzed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE by treatment.ResultsConsidering all diets, dry matter intake ranged from 8.75 to 13.00 kg/d with an average of 10.81 kg/d; DMI increased with inclusion of roughage. Average daily gain ranged from 0.84 to 1.31 kg with an average of 1.08 kg; ADG increased for those diets with greater inclusions of corn. Final BW averaged 487 kg with a modest variability (CV = 7.90%). Gain to feed followed similarly to ADG; diets with greater energy were more efficient. Hot carcass weight ranged from 250 to 301 kg with an average of 264 kg. Dressing percent reported an interval of 54.03% to 58.01% with low variability (CV = 2.81%). The LM area and marbling score reported low variability (CV < 8%) with averages of 71.20 cm2 and 289, respectively. The 12th–rib back fat averaged 5.15mm ranging from 3.82 to 6.54 mm. Feed cost of gain ranged from $0.40 to $0.67/kg; FCOG was lower in the central region.ConclusionAll diets are viable options for Honduran producers to finish beef. Local byproducts can be blended with other feedstuff to reach sufficient protein and energy, demonstrating the role byproducts can have within Honduran beef finishing systems. Dressing percent driven by carcass weight was one of the most important factors affecting profitability. Results can be utilized to assess local feedstuffs and diets.


Hong Kong government's Education Commission is urging the field of early childhood education to engage in a substantial paradigm shift in order to achieve the goals of educational reform (Education Commission, 1999a). Informed by recent overseas research, government directives have asserted that teachers must ensure that young children are educated for "life-long learning," "self-development," and a "willingness to experiment and explore" (Education Commission, 1999b) the ideas of active learning. However, those precepts may not match Hong Kong teachers' knowledge about how "good" teachers teach and how young children learn efficiently. Experience in other contexts worldwide has shown that rhetoric alone will not help teachers embrace change (Hargreaves, 1992; Wood & Bennett, 2000). Information about teachers' knowledge and practice could guide interventions that align teachers with the government's policies. However, little research has investigated early childhood teachers' knowledge and practice in the Hong Kong context. This article reports the findings of a study that explored the richness and variety of teaching in kindergarten classrooms in Hong Kong. Case studies of nine teachers show that the teachers use similar teaching strategies despite articulating different knowledge of teaching and learning. A paradigm of warmth, control, and structure are at work in the kindergartens. The study suggests that early childhood teachers in Hong Kong may require a great deal of support to embed the government's educational reform policies into classroom practice.


Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, can cause nonrecoverable impairment to the cardiac muscles, which may even result in fatality. Therefore, it is crucial to diagnose MI accurately and reliably. This article proposes a novel framework for detecting MI using a 12-channel Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. The method filters the signal to eliminate motion artifacts and high-frequency noise, followed by the extraction of novel spectral texture patterns and Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) from all ECG signal channels. These features are combined to form a comprehensive feature representation. ANOVA is then applied to reduce feature dimensions, and various state-of-the-art classification methods such as support vector machines (SVM), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), AdaBoost (AB), and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) are utilized. The AB classifier achieved the highest performance with 98.7% accuracy and 98.4% recall using 10-fold cross-validation. The proposed method is reliable and holds the potential for clinical adoption in hospitals.


A plurality of first exhaust pipes are arranged as an exhaust path from the upper portion of the thermal processing apparatus. The exhaust gases are discharged to each of the exhaust pipes from the inside of the thermal processing apparatus. The inlet of the catalyst unit are connected to the first and connected to the outlet of the exhaust pipe and the second exhaust pipe to the outlet of the catalyst unit. Exhaust gas is discharged to the outside (e. G., Air) in the heat treatment apparatus from the exhaust port of the second exhaust pipe. Thermal processing apparatus, the first exhaust pipe, the untreated exhaust gas, the catalyst unit, the second exhaust pipe


The research looks at how financial crisis affects the performance of Nepalese commercial banks. The dependent variables are return on assets and Z-score. Liquidity ratio, leverage ratio, capital adequacy ratio, spread rate, credit risk, credit to deposit ratio,and loan loss provision are the independent variables chosen. The study is based on secondary data from 27 commercial banks, totaling 216 observations from 2012/13 to 2019/20.The information was gathered from the Nepal Rastra Bank's Banking and Financial Statistics, the Ministry of Finance's (MoF) publications and webpages, and the annual reports of the selected commercial banks. To examine the relevance and importance of financial hardship on the performance of Nepalese commercial banks, correlation coefficients and regression models are estimated. According to the findings, spread rate has a beneficial influence on return on assets and Z-score. It implies that an increase in the spread rate leads to an increase in the return on assets and the Z-score. Furthermore, the study found that loan loss provision had a negative influence on return on assets and the Z-score. It  follows that the bigger the loan loss provision, the lower the return on assets and Z-score. Credit risk, on the other hand, has a negative influence on return on assets and Z-score. This indicates that the bigger the credit risk, the lower the return on assets and Z-score. Similarly, the leverage ratio has a negative influence on the return on assets and the Z-score. It follows that the larger the leverage ratio, the worse the return on assets and Z-score. Furthermore, the liquidity ratio influences the return on assetsand the Z-score. It denotes that the higher the liquidity ratio, the better the return on assets and Z-score. Similarly, capital adequacy ratio influences return on assets and Z-score. It denotes that the greater the capital adequacy ratio, the higher the return on assets and Z-score. Similarly, the credit to deposit ratio influences return on assets and Z-score.


To the Editor: The letter by Spingarn and Benjamin and the reply by Meissner (March 5 issue)1,2 highlight problems with the discussion about the merits of universal varicella immunization. All part...


Bland-Ford mathematical model of rolling process is often used in metallurgy. The model allows to analyze rolling process according to data measured on the mill stand to get immeasurable variables for rolling control. The values obtained by modeling a currently rolled coil are used for mill presetting for the next coil. However, to achieve real-time rolling control, the Bland-Ford model is modified applying an artificial intelligence approach instead of analytical solution of a set of nonlinear differential equations. The genetic algorithm with hierarchical structure was used instead of classical iterative method.


The invention relates to astaxanthin compositions for use in foods, food supplements or animal feed or as a medicament. (Formula (A)) Astaxanthin compositions, which contain at least 50 wt.%, in particular at least 60 wt.%, more particularly at least 70 wt.%, and especially at least 80 wt.% or at least 90 wt.%, relative to the total weight of astaxanthin and astaxanthin derivatives in the composition, a monoester of the astaxanthin having C18-1-fatty acid, have a particularly high bioavailability. They are therefore particularly suitable for use in foods, food supplements or animal feed and for therapeutic use as a medicament and as an ingredient for medical preparations or pharmaceutical agents.


Flameless combustion has advantages such as low pollution and uniform temperature in the combustion chamber, making it an excellent option for heat exchangers. Previous studies have focused solely on the flameless combustion phenomenon, without considering its interaction with the target being heated. In this study, we conducted experimental and computational fluid analyses on a cylindrical reformer for reverse air injection flameless combustion. Typically, small-scale reformers of 10 kW or less are coaxial triple-tube cylindrical reformers. In contrast, multitubular reformers are used for larger-scale applications, since the heat transfer rate in single-burner cylindrical reformers decreases sharply as the scale increases. Flameless combustion, with high heat transfer efficiency, helps overcome the limitation of premixed burner. Compared with conventional premixed burners, flameless burner decreases the combustion gas outlet temperature by 30% at 25 kW while reducing energy consumption by 24% (owing to the high heat transfer rate) for a given cooling fluid outlet temperature. Furthermore, it is shown that introducing a ring at the combustion chamber exit can enhance combustion gas recirculation. The experimental result was confirmed through computational fluid analysis. It is concluded that for reverse air injection flameless combustion, the combustion gas recirculation rate in the combustion chamber is strongly related to the heat transfer.


To the Inspector-General of Prisons, Punjab, Lahore. No. 11, dated Raival Pindcc, 15th May 1873. Sir,?I have the honor, in continuation of my No. 9. dated 20th March last, to the address of the Commissioner and Superintendent of the Rawal Pindee Division, to submit the following further remarks upon the recent and former epidemics of fever in this jail, the average population of which I nnd is about the same as that of the Milbank Prison.


Throughout the world, in recent decades, there has been a decrease in the abundance of Atlantic salmon, the main reason for which is a decrease in its survival rate during life at sea. Its value has a direct dependence on the length and, accordingly, the age of the smolts. Foreign researchers have found that the nature of long-term changes in the age structure of smolts can vary significantly by region. At the same time, the age of Atlantic salmon in Russian rivers, which account for a significant part of the area of the range of this species, was not considered. In this regard, the analysis of long-term data characterizing the age composition of salmon smolts of some rivers of the Murmansk region has been carried out. It has found been that in the first years of the period 2000-2018, the age structure of Atlantic salmon smolts was transformed in the rivers Yokanga, Kharlovka and Vostochnaya Litsa. As a result, fish at the age of 6 ceased to occur among them, the abundance of fish at the age of 5+ significantly decreased and the abundance of fish in the age groups of 3+ or 4+ significantly increased. The most likely reason for this is the change in the temperature regime of rivers since the mid-1990s, as a result of which the life time in the rivers of juvenile salmon has been reduced. Rejuvenation of the smolt population may have ambiguous consequences for the abundance of adult salmon, which are determined by the cumulative effect of reducing natural mortality at the stage from eggs to smolts, increasing their abundance and reducing their length, and reducing the survival rate during salmon life in the sea.


Two-photon photoemission (2PPE) spectroscopy has been performed for lead phthalocyanine films on graphite surface. Fully resolved occupied and unoccupied levels and resonant optical transitions between them are characteristics of the film surface [Phys. Rev. B 77, 115404 (2008)]. 2PPE peaks due to photoemission from normally unoccupied levels ($1\ensuremath{\omega}$ peaks) and those due to coherent two-photon process from occupied levels ($2\ensuremath{\omega}$ peaks) show unexpected variations in intensities and widths when the pump photon energy crosses the resonances. At around a resonance between molecule-derived levels, we find an intensity switching in which only the $2\ensuremath{\omega}$ peak appears at photon energy below the resonance, and at above the resonance, the $1\ensuremath{\omega}$ peak becomes prominent and the $2\ensuremath{\omega}$ peak becomes very weak. The $1\ensuremath{\omega}$ peak is broadened with increasing photon energy. These results cannot be interpreted by a simple energy level scheme, and point to further understanding of 2PPE process. Temperature dependence reveals the origin of indirect transitions involving the unoccupied substrate $\ensuremath{\pi}$ band. We also demonstrate that resonant 2PPE spectroscopy is effective to probe deeper occupied levels which are not well resolved in one-photon photoemission.


, suggesting that under rare circumstances HIV-1 infection can be effectively controlled by a protective T-cell response.T-cell exhaustion has been most thoroughly studied using the lymphocytic choriomenin-gitis virus (LCMV) model. Mice clear wild-type LCMV infection rapidly and protective memory develops. By contrast, a two amino-acid substitu-tion mutant of LCMV (Clone 13) is not cleared and a chronic, persistent infection ensues


In the opening paragraph of the most recently published feminist study of Dorothy Arzner, Judith Mayne introduces her subject as the "great exception" (1). In context, Mayne clearly means to recall what was "exceptional," i.e., extraordinary, about Arzner's achievement in producing a substantial body of work during a period of time when women rarely made movies in Hollywood at all; Arzner, in contrast, directed seventeen films between the years of 1927 and 1943. At the same time, however, one might simultaneously be tempted to interpret Mayne's words as a reference to what has also been "exceptionaWe," i.e., open to objection or debate, in Arzner's career, for in the years since feminist film theorists first laid claim to her work as exemplary of our own concerns, her films have consistently informed a variety of different and often contradictory critical positions. In Women's Pictures, Annette Kuhn appropriately contextualizes her own key notion of reading as "an active and situated practice" within a discussion of oppositional interpretations of Arzner; together, they clearly support Kuhn's argument that "films may proffer [sic] a range of possible meanings, and that it is likely that they will be read in different ways at different times and places" (90). Discussions of Christopher Strong (1933) alone produce a condensed guide to the interests and the evolution of feminist film theory in the last two decades. Let me briefly summarize the film that I will use as an example throughout this essay. Lady Cynthia Darrington (Katharine Hepburn) is a record-breaking flyer who has an affair with an older married man, Lord Christopher Strong (Colin Clive), at whose request she temporarily gives up flying. In a parallel subplot, Strong's daughter Monica (Helen Chandler) marries Harry Rawlinson (Ralph Forbes), the older married man with whom she has been having an affair, after his wife grants him a divorce. In contrast, although Chris's wife, Lady Elaine Strong (Billie Burke), is also clearly aware of her own husband's affair, she chooses to suffer in silence.


A comprehensive study of the operating temperature ( Tcr ) of three nonfullerene (NF) acceptor‐based bulk heterojunction organic solar cells (BHJ OSCs), two conventional (OSC1 and OSC3) and one inverted (OSC2) structure, is presented. A quantitative analysis of the thermal power generated by photon absorption in transport layers and electrodes, thermalization of photoexcited charge carriers, tail‐state recombination, and resistive heating is conducted. For all three OSCs, the dependence of operating temperature Tcr on the voltage is simulated and it is found that OSC1 and OSC2 operate at about 320 K and OSC3 at 319 K. It is also found that the thermal power generated due to thermalization (PT) and absorption in other than the active layer ( PAbsol ) in OSC3 are smaller than those in both OSC1 and OSC2 but the thermal power generated due to the resistive heating (PR) is larger in OSC3 than in OSC1 and OSC2, leading to the net power absorbed in the active layer of OSC3 being higher than that in OSC1 and OSC2. Thus, although the operating temperature of all three cells remains in the range from 320 to 321 K, OSC3 shows a better photovoltaic performance.


Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) is an in situ thermal recovery technique used at Petro-Canada's MacKay River Project. The objective of this study is to develop an analytical well test method that would allow a measure of steam chamber volume and potentially the timing and location of steam chamber coalescence. This well test method would also prove useful in determining an analytical solution for near wellbore characteristics and reservoir boundaries. A pseudo-compositional thermal simulator was used to generate reservoir pressure responses by shutting off an injector at different periods of time and monitoring the pressure fall-off while continuing with production. Confined, unconfined, and coalesced 2-dimensional sink-source well pair models, based upon the geology and drilling pattern at Petro-Canada's MacKay River Project, were used in the study. The effect of the magnitude of the vertical permeability and the vertical to horizontal permeability ratio on the shut-in pressure response was also studied so that this method could be applied to other reservoirs of differing geology. Pressure response type curves were generated and the relationships between pressure drop at the injector, shut-in time, and steam chamber volume were determined. We show that the pressure response type curves are unique for different types of SAGD wells and levels of steam chamber development. This information will aid in determining the timing of operational conversions and determining recovery factors and possibly locations of reservoir boundaries, as well as steam chamber coalescence.


The Strategic Environment for Banking. The Credit Management Process. Credit Management Supervision. Credit Analysis. Risk and Return in Banking. Loan Workout. The Legal Environment of Lending. Credit Training. Social Environment for Banking. Deregulation and the Credit Management Process. Strategic Management of the Credit Process in the 90s. Index.


—The diagnosis and improvement of internal quality assurance system is a necessary means to improve the comprehensive strength of higher vocational colleges. Since the Ministry of Education put forward the requirement of carrying out the construction of internal quality assurance system in higher vocational colleges, the teaching diagnosis and improvement of higher vocational colleges have been promoted comprehensively, and the construction of internal quality assurance system has begun to appear, which will directly affect the high-quality development of higher vocational colleges. In order to establish a normalized independent guarantee mechanism, Hunan Modern Logistics College combs the connotation of the internal quality assurance system of the school, expounds the principles and methods of the construction of the internal quality assurance system of higher vocational colleges, especially takes the actual construction system as an example, clarifies the ideas and paths of the system construction, and effectively solves the key problems in the system construction.


OBJECTIVES
To assess the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with an H1 coil as treatment for hopelessness in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).

METHODS
We conducted a randomized controlled trial in a tertiary psychiatric institution in Croatia, including patients diagnosed with MDD without psychotic symptoms and with clinically relevant hopelessness. High-frequency (18 Hz) rTMS with an H1 coil was administered over four weeks on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. We examined changes in the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) scores.

RESULTS
We randomly assigned 51 participants to the intervention group (rTMS plus standard therapy) and 52 to the control group (standard therapy). The mean (SD) ages were 50 (12.3) and 50 (10.4) years, and 47% and 52% of the participants were females in the intervention and control groups, respectively. Following treatment, the BHS scores decreased (unadjusted bivariate analysis, p = 0.043; false discovery rate (FDR) >5%). Multivariate analysis revealed that the BHS score was reduced by 10.8% (95% confidence interval (CI: -17.8% to -3.9%) in the rTMS group and 0.7% (95% CI: 7.5% -6.1%) in the control group (p = 0.037; FDR < 5%).

CONCLUSIONS
rTMS with an H1 coil improved the symptoms of hopelessness in patients with MDD.


This paper introduces a real-time interactive application development model on the Android platform. This model uses persistent socket connection mechanism to establish the connection of clients and servers and uses Protocol Buffers as the transmission medium. In order to maintain the smooth connection with the server in the communication process, clients send keep alive packages to servers at regular time. In addition, this model adds retransmission mechanism and reconnection mechanism to ensure the correctness of the packages and the robustness of the system. This module has a good performance in network data consumption, power saving and the correctness of the packages etc.


The present study analyzes factors demand for modern rice technology adoption in Second-Generation Green Revolution. A considerable progress in development and adoption of modern rice technology was observed in the country due to advent of 1st, 2nd and 3rd generation rice cultivation. Only seed and fertilizers were found to have elastic demand. The price elasticities of land, labor and insecticides had positive coefficient. This could be due to scarcity of land and rational use of these inputs as marginal productivity of these inputs would be higher than their marginal costs. The complementary relationships of land- fertilizer, animal- seed-labor and fertilizer -insecticide pairs characterize the intensive inputs use in the third- generation modern rice technology. Considerable higher degree of substitutions was observed for animal-labor and land-labor pairs which indicate that modern rice technology in Second-Generation Green Revolution could be labor intensive for the small farm holders


We don't despair because whoever becomes our next president will simply be one more ruler under the sovereignty of God." Posting about the upcoming presidential election from In All Things an online hub committed to the claim that the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ has implications for the entire world. http://inallthings.org/pastoral-reflections-on-the-election-cycle/


The synthesis process of acetimidoyl ethyl ether hydrochloride was introduced,and the preparations of acetamide,ethyl acetate,acetamidine hydrochloride,triethyl orthoacetate,N-cyan-iminoester hydrochloride and hydrazone by acetimidoyl ethyl ether hydrochloride were summarized.


This paper investigates the problem of embedding features used in datasets for training neural networks. The use of embeddings increases the performance of neural networks, and therefore is an important part of data preparation for deep learning methods. Such a process is based on semantic metrics. It is proposed to use ontologies of the subject areas to which the corresponding feature belongs for embedding. This work developed such a method and investigated its use for the task of categorizing text documents. The research results showed the advantage of the developed method.


The excretory products of erythromycin were studied in ten rats following intravenous administration of X-methyl-C14-erythromycin.

The original injected erythromycin accounted for about one-half to four-fifths of the total radioactivity excreted in the urine; one-half in the bile; and one-third in the feces.

The only microbiologically active metabolite of erythromycin was des-N-methyl-erythromycin. It was excreted in the bile and passed out through the feces.

Des-N-methyl-erythromycin resulted from N-demethylation of the parent antibiotic by the liver. This metabolite accounted for about one-third of the total bile radioactivity during the two-hour period following isotopic erythromycin administration.

Seven additional metabolites of erythromycin were not identified. Two of these were excreted in the bile; three in the urine; and two in the feces. The latter two may be produced from metabolism of erythromycin by intestinal bacteria.


GENEVA is one of the principal crossroads of the modern world. It is the home of many international bodies, and there is a constant flow of important people through its palatial buildings. As the seat of the World Health Organization, it is the world capital of health. One who works in this agency has a rare opportunity of hearing the comment and philosophy of sanitary statesmen from the far corners of the earth. They bring reports of unbelievable poverty and suffering as well as the inspiring stories of miraculous public health accomplishment. It would be interesting to you as health official to hear a tape recording of some of their observations. Such is not available here, but the quotation of a few of these comments on the subject of this forum might be appropriate. From Nepal, the delegate to the Sixth World Health Assembly reports: &dquo; Thousands of people are dying an early death, and hundreds of thousands are living a life worse than death.&dquo;' Speaking of Latin America, a public health official expresses the estimate that in


Abstract Various authors have reported observations of the flux and circular polarization for the three stars PG 1658 + 441, PG 1533 − 057 and K 813 − 14. On the basis of the observational data, the stars were classified as magnetic white dwarfs. To place constraints on the magnetic field strengths and geometries of these stars, the relevant authors qualitatively compared the data with available theory and, in two cases, used a model of optically thin hydrogen threaded by a magnetic field. In this paper we use a more detailed model for magnetic white dwarfs to assess the results previously obtained for these three stars. We find that, in two cases, the observed spectra can be explained by the Zeeman splitting of hydrogen lines in a stellar magnetic field which takes the form of a dipole situated at the centre of the star. The circular polarization data for PG 1658 + 441, however, may indicate a field geometry for this star which is significally different from that of a centred dipole.


EDITOR—Hall et al show that the biggest increase in the use of antidepressants in 1990-2000 has been in the 15-44 age group.1 Simultaneously the rate of suicide for this age span has increased in Australia. For men aged 25-34 the use of antidepressants has increased more than six times during the period and the suicide rate has increased by almost 17%.

By …


SummaryThe pathophysiological mechanisms of cerebro-vascular disorders are briefly reviewed. Several well documented studies demonstrate that hyper-tension must be considered as a major contribu-ting factor in their occurrence.Hypotensive therapy appears to be justified for prevention of cerebrovascular disease in the hypertensive patient.


In their policy forum "a major environmental cause of death" (14 October, p. [180][1]), W. J. Martin II and colleagues highlight the need to stimulate market demand for clean cookstoves because "a stove purchased by the consumer is inherently more valued than one that is received without


The J-V characteristics and photovoltaic response of indium tin oxide/pentacene (d nm)/C{sub 60} (40 nm)/BCP (10 nm)/Ag (100 nm) devices have been systematically analyzed. By fitting the J-V characteristics of the fabricated devices, photocurrent densities J{sub ph} were obtained. Meanwhile, we proposed a modified optical transfer matrix theory to satisfy the reasonable trend between P{sub 0}R{sub 0} and film thickness of pentacene layers. Then, we revealed that an accurate rate of energy loss can be defined as E{sub loss}=1-betaJ{sub e}/P{sub 0}R{sub 0}. Also, the relationship between open-circuit voltage V{sub OC}, compensation voltage V{sub 0} and initial polaron-pair bounding energy E{sub B} was determined based on the detailed study and simulation of device photocurrent.


Empirical evidence suggests that as much as one-third of the U.S. business cycle is due to nominal shocks. We calibrate a multisector menu cost model using new evidence on the cross-sectional distribution of the frequency and size of price changes in the U.S. economy. We augment the model to incorporate intermediate inputs. We show that the introduction of heterogeneity in the frequency of price change triples the degree of monetary non-neutrality generated by the model. We furthermore show that the introduction of intermediate inputs raises the degree of monetary non-neutrality by another factor of three, without adversely affecting the model's ability to match the large average size of price changes. A single-sector model with a frequency of price change equal to the median, rather than the mean, generates monetary non-neutrality similar to that in our multisector model. Our multisector model with intermediate inputs generates variation in real output in response to calibrated aggregate nominal shocks that can account for roughly 23% of the U.S. business cycle.


With the popularization of mobile devices and the development of mobile augmented reality (MAR), people's demand for MAR applications is increasing. However, few MAR applications are applied to mobile devices since it is computationally intensive and requires computing power. MAR applications consume a lot of energy, and the battery capacity of mobile devices cannot support the long-term operation of applications. In this paper, we study the problem of dynamically configuring parameters of MAR system based on different user service characteristics under the system model of multi-edge server and multi-client. Considering the influence of client parameters such as CPU frequency, client task resolution and wireless bandwidth resource allocation, we design an objective function to evaluate service delay, energy consumption per frame and detection accuracy of target tasks according to different user service characteristics. Based on our objective function, we propose a server selection and parameter optimization (SSPO) algorithm to select the appropriate mobile edge server for client task offloading and parameter optimization. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the energy consumption of MAR client while meeting the service characteristics of different users.


Ethanol is primarily responsible for the behavioural effects of acute alcoholic beverage consumption, which involves central nervous system dysfunction. The mechanisms of ethanol action in the nervous system are poorly understood, particularly those related to the neurotoxicity of high acute ethanol consumption. We now describe a simple experiment showing that a concentration of ethanol, which is reached in the plasma after high acute ethanol intake, disrupts rat brain nerve terminals, as measured by the release of lactate dehydrogenase. This cytolytic action of ethanol was further enhanced upon depolarisation of the nerve terminals suggesting that the mechanism of action of ethanol might not be related to modification of lipid bilayer properties. © 2001 IUBMB. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


Most of the discussions related to education are about technological innovations. Indeed as Rogers (1995) stated, we often use the word "innovation" and "technology" as synonyms. Technology is regarded as an agent of change in educational settings, and a quick analysis of the educational projects all over the world shows us that it is not possible to define a future vision of education without technology, especially e-learning, which brings two important concepts together: technology and learning. Therefore as a form of distance learning, e-learning has become a major instructional force in the world. Besides the technological developments, the last two decades have brought a tremendous increase in knowledge in education, particularly in learning. The emerging views of learning which should be taken into consideration for every learning environment could be stated as follows: personalized, flexible, and coherent (learning is connected to real-life issues); not bounded by physical, geographic, or temporal space; rich in information and learning experiences for all learners; committed to increasing different intelligences and learning styles; interconnected and collaborative; fostering interorganizational linkages; engaged in dialogue with community members; accountable to the learner to provide adaptive instructional environments (Marshall, 1997). WWW is an environment that fits the new paradigm of learning and facilitates "e-learning" which faces a challenge of diffusion. Diffusion is defined by Rogers (1995) as the process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the members of a social system. Therefore the adoption of WWW as a learning environment is influenced by the following set of factors: 1) the individuals' perception of the attributes of e-learning, 2) the nature of the communication channels, 3) the nature of the social system, and 4) the extent of the change agents' efforts in the e-learning. These are the variables that affect the diffusion of elearning in the schools and countries. E-LEARNING AND INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN


This article analyses the idealization of Ethiopia as a homeland in the memory of Armenian immigrants and their descendants in the 20th Century. The aim of such a work is to restore the logic of the sedentary to diaspora studies, paying attention to the many different ways people root socially and politically in the place where they live. Beside the mainstream of researches and analyses about memory in the Armenian diaspora, where the memory of exile appears as a heritage of the traumatisms provoked by forced migrations, the Armenian Great Narrative in Ethiopia reveals a host memory, in which the usual themes of the lost fatherland and genocide are far from being dominating. As a metaphor of the rooting into the country of adoption, the theme of the Ethiopian kings' friendship for Armenian immigrants and their families leads to an unusual rewriting of the past which doesn't seem in accordance with classical diaspora categories. Not only local contexts might explain those differences, but also the often underestimated influence of public and contemporary discourses on the making of the collective memory and its politicization.


Flight test is an indispensable part in the development of commercial aircraft projects. The cost of flight test development is directly related to the economic feasibility of the project. How to accurately estimate the flight test development costs is an important factor related to the success of the project. This article first analyzes the composition of flight test development costs and common estimation methods, and based on this, draws on the DAPCA IV model to establish a model suitable for domestic commercial aircraft model development flight test cost estimation.


Object of the present invention is to improve the clarity of the printed matter using a light curing ink. The deflection electrodes deflecting charged ink drops control type inkjet printer according to the present invention, comprises continuously forming an ink droplet nozzle so that the ink droplet charging electrode is charged, the charged ink and the deflection of the droplet discharge and the print head to print on a substrate to be printed, the print head comprises an ultraviolet irradiating light source, the ultraviolet irradiation source comprises: a condensing member to said ultraviolet converging with the print head is at least a part of said ink droplet flight path between the printing substrate and on the printed substrate being hit region; and a light source.


This volume deals with anatomy, physiology, and allied subjects. It has been very carefully edited, and, in my opinion, each author has made a tremendous effort to present material in a concentrated form The first portion is devoted to history, and in it there are many references which were extremely interesting to me. I think this is as good a short review of historical facts in dermatology as one can read. The portion on anatomy is written by Dr. E. Horstmann and covers the embryology and specific information about the anatomical constituents of the epidermis. The nervous system of the skin, written by Kantner of Heidelberg, is a brief but thorough resume. The general physiology of the skin is by Goepfert and is a condensed presentation with particular stress on the physical properties of the skin. Several of the chapters following may also be looked upon as part of the


IN THE fetal lamb the pulmonary vascular resistance is higher than systemic vascular resistance so that most of the blood entering the pulmonary artery passes through the ductus arteriosus to the aorta. 1 The initial ventilation of the lungs results in a marked fall in pulmonary resistance and allows adequate perfusion of the lung for oxygenation. 2 The prompt fall in pulmonary resistance with a newborn lamb's first breath is thought to be the result of arteriolar vasodilation in response to an elevation of the PO 2 and fall of the Pco 2 in the alveolus. 3,4 The pulmonary vascular resistance in the fetal lamb can also be reduced by the exogenous administration of acetylcholine, isoproterenol, and histamine. Further, the stimulation of the vagi results in pulmonary vasodilation of the fetal lungs. 5 Thoracic sympathectomy has also been shown to cause pulmonary vasodilation indicating the presence of sympathetic tone. 5


Numerous rafted pebble erratics were found in the cores recovered from the Gulf of Alaska during Leg 18 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. The pebbles were concentrated in zones but there was little opportunity aboard ship to correlate these zones with known glacial events. This opportunity came shortly after Leg 18 ended and the North Pacific erratic abundance curve developed by Kent et al. (1971) was published. The most complete Leg 18 sequence of erratic rich zones, which occurs at Site 178, could be made to fit to their erratic abundance curve, but not uniquely. These attempts made it apparent that a more thorough analysis of Site 178 would compliment the study of Kent et al. (1971) because, in their study, the argument that all material coarser than medium sand (>250μ) is ice rafted and not transported by currents is uncertain. An assessment of this uncertainty can be made at Site 178 by comparing the fraction between 250μ and 2 mm with the pebbles, since pebbles are not moved far by deep-sea currents and bioturbation. Also, many high amplitude peaks in the curves developed by Kent et al. (1971) are based on single points. This suggests that the time represented by some sampling intervals were equal to, or greater than, the duration of some periods of erratic influx. At Site 178 a sediment sequence was recovered that is about 10 times thicker than the time equivalent pelagic sequence available to Kent et al. This allows sampling across a shorter time interval and an increase of detail. Additional detail might also occur at Site 178 because it is so near the glaciers which produced icebergs in the Gulf of Alaska (Figure 1).


In accordance with characteristics for high-speed milling,discusses the NC tool path and cutting parameters selection principle,use UG CAM simulation processing the example.Finally through VERICUT by simulation processing quality checks to verify the correctness of the program and the quality of precision machining.


Software personalization is considered to be a must have for B2B (Business to business) clients and suppliers. Clients need personalized applications in order to gain competitive advantage on the market but also this is needed due to existent complex IT infrastructure where the applications need to be integrated and implemented. Suppliers on the other hand in order to keep their market share they need to offer software personalization solutions. In order to determine the advantages of software personalization a framework is proposed in this article then the article looks into analysing three software companies listed on NASDAQ stock exchange. The analysis is focused on identifying the financial advantages a software company has by being involved in software personalization activities.


Abstract : Throughout its long existence, the rules of regional geopolitics, historical experience and national strategic culture have had a deep impact on Polish security strategies. In the modern times, however, the national security environment is witnessing an appearance of new global trends and the birth of new paradigms of conflict. Security challenges require new approaches, but at the same time, they demand the preservation of equilibrium and harmony between objectives, concepts and resources. Motivated by the increasing complexity of emerging phenomena, Polish strategists are making efforts find the appropriate solutions to new demands. However, the evolving character of security alliances and the gradual shift of the global power balance will compel Poland to accept the consequences and risks of inevitable strategic choices. By analyzing foundations and the future challenges to national security concerns, this paper explores the wide range of factors that influence Polish contemporary strategic behavior and motivations in the broad context of current Euro-Atlantic relations.


Background: Quality data can be used to monitor immunization program performance and targets, reveal reasons for poor program performance, and provide evidence for decision-making at the frontlines. Challenges hampering immunization data quality include weak human resource capacity, weak monitoring supervision, and nonexistent or ineffectual feedback on data quality and use, especially at subnational levels. Interventions bordering on upskilling of available human resource capacity and supportive supervision can improve immunization system performance. We implemented a multicomponent intervention (training, supportive supervision, and peer mentoring) among health workers in Lagos to assess the reach (proportion of immunization staff who were reached), adoption (proportion of immunization staff who participated and completed the intervention), and effectiveness (data accuracy, completeness, timeliness, and quality index (QI) scores) of a multicomponent intervention on immunization data quality in Lagos State. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study that employed a mixed-methods (quantitative and qualitative) approach to assess the reach, effectiveness, and adoption of the interventions. A pre- and posttest design was employed for the quantitative aspect of the study. The reach and adoption were assessed using a process indicator questionnaire, while the effectiveness of the intervention was assessed using the Data Quality Assessment (DQS) tool to obtain the accuracy ratio (AR) and detect any significant variation in the data recorded in the health facility (HF) registers, tally sheets, and District Health Information System version 2 for the pre- and post-intervention period. A total of 32 key informant interviews (KIIs) (eight KIIs in each local government area (LGA)) were conducted with respondents being key workers who were purposively selected. Data from both methods were triangulated and used to support the findings. Results: The study had a reach of 91% and a participation and completion (adoption) rate of 100%. At the HF level, the accuracy of data submitted (tally sheet vs immunization register) showed the most significant improvement from pre-intervention (11.8%) to post-intervention (100%) in one LGA, Second rural Local Government Area (R-IKD 2). Facilities in two LGAs, such as First urban Local Government Area U-IKJ 1 (64.7% to 94.1%) and Second urban Local Government Area U-LM 2 (88.2 to 100%) LGAs, showed the most significant improvement in timeliness and completeness of submitted reports, respectively. For QI scores, at the LGA level, the most significant improvement was recorded in the evidence of using the data domain (50% to 100%) for one LGA, U-IKJ 1. Conclusion: Challenges that hamper immunization data quality such as weak human resource capacity, weak monitoring, and supervision can be improved with a multicomponent intervention targeted at upskilling available human resource capacity and supportive supervision to strengthen immunization system performance.


Abstract Introduction Distinguishing between tumor and treatment effect in post-treatment glioma, although crucial for clinical management, is difficult because contrast-enhancing regions are mixtures of recurrent tumor and reactive tissue, and definitive histopathological criteria do not exist. This study disentangles the marked intra-tumoral heterogeneity in the treatment-recurrent setting by developing an unsupervised framework to algorithmically categorize intraoperative MRI-localized biopsies into three clinically-relevant tissue clusters based on joint analysis of RNA sequencing and histopathological data. Methods A retrospective cohort of 84 MRI-localized biopsies from 37 patients with post-treatment recurrent glioblastoma underwent mRNA extraction and quantification via PLATEseq protocol. For 48 of 84 biopsies, a neighboring piece of tissue underwent quantitative histopathology based on labeling index (LI) for SOX2, CD68, NeuN, Ki67, and H&E. Correlation between LIs and gene expression for these 48 samples was performed. Genes significantly correlated (p<0.05) with ≥1 marker were used for hierarchical clustering of correlation matrix, identifying three mutually-exclusive tissue-specific gene sets. These sets were then used to perform ssGSEA to categorize each of 84 biopsies into one of three tissue types. Results Correlation analysis identified 7779 genes significantly correlated with ≥1 histopathological marker. Clustering revealed three gene sets associated with specific markers: SetA-3688 genes associated with SOX2/Ki67/H&E; SetB-2418 genes associated with CD68; SetC-1673 genes associated with NeuN. ssGSEA using these sets categorized each biopsy into one of three tissue types: 27 biopsies enriched in SetA, 28 in SetB, and 29 in SetC. Conclusions Using MRI-localized biopsies with both RNAseq and histopathological data, this algorithmic approach allows development of three orthogonal tissue-specific gene sets that can be applied to characterize the heterogeneity in post-treatment recurrent glioma: SetA: genes correlated with SOX2/Ki67/H&E, representing recurrent tumor; SetB: genes correlated with CD68 (microglia) representing reactive tissue consistent with treatment effect; SetC: genes correlated with NeuN (neurons), representing infiltrated brain.


The article examines international efforts to curb states' war-making prerogatives in the second half of the "long" 19 th century. It captures new humanitarian sentiments circulating in transnational society that propelled the movements to codify the laws of war and create permanent international institutions for their implementation. The article focuses specifically on the societal efforts that led to the passage of the Geneva Convention in 1864 and the work at the two Hague Conferences in 1899 and 1907. These movements set ethical precedents in international law as well as patterns of intergovernmental cooperation that have endured to the present day


Objectives: In recent years, substantial effort has been evident in the field of mathematical analysis of the dental arch curve, particularly of children from varied age groups and diverse ethnic and national origins. Many eminent authors have put forth mathematical models to describe the teeth arch curve in humans. Each such model had advantages and disadvantages, but none could exactly define the shape of the human dental arch curvature and factor in its features like shape, spacing and symmetry/asymmetry. Recent advances in imaging techniques and computer-aided simulation have added to the attempts to determine dental arch form in children in normal occlusion. This paper presents key mathematical models & compares them through some secondary research study. Methods: Various studies and mathematical models were compared and analyzed particularly in prediction, correction and alignment of dental arch. Results: Commonly used plaster model analysis is cumbersome, whereas many scanning tools, like laser, computer tomography scans, structured light, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound techniques, do exist now for accurate 3-D reconstruction of the human anatomy. The plaster orthodontic methods can verily be replaced successfully by 3-D models using computer images for arriving at better accurate results of study. Conclusion: Mathematical analysis, though now quite old, can be applied satisfactorily in various issues relating to dentistry and the advances in computer imaging, digitalization and computer analysis through state-ofthe-art software programs. This could in turn usher in an ideal dental care and treatment environment so necessary for countering lack of dental awareness and prevalence of dental diseases and inconsistencies in children across the world.


The invention provides a backlight structure for a single-color or dual-color liquid crystal display module. The backlight structure is thinner and is lower in production cost. The backlight structure for the single-color or dual-color liquid crystal display module comprises a printed circuit board, a light guide plate and at least one LED (light emitting diode) lamp and is characterized in that the LED lamp and the light guide plate are fixed on the printed circuit board, a pin of the LED lamp is directly electrically connected with a circuit of the printed circuit board through a pad, and a lamp body of the LED lamp is arranged on the side surface of the light guide plate and a light-emitting surface of the LED lamp directly faces the side surface of the light guide plate.


The Republic of Korea also suffered direct and indirect damages from the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan and realized the significance of security due to the cyber-threat to the Republic of Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power Co., Ltd. With such matters in mind, this study sought to suggest a measure for improving security in the nuclear power plant. Based on overseas cyber-attack cases and attacking scenario on the control facility of the nuclear power plant, the study designed and proposed a nuclear power plant control network traffic analysis system that satisfies the security requirements and in-depth defense strategy. To enhance the security of the nuclear power plant, the study collected data such as internet provided to the control facilities, network traffic of intranet, and security equipment events and compared and verified them with machine learning analysis. After measuring the accuracy and time, the study proposed the most suitable analysis algorithm for the power plant in order to realize power plant security that facilitates real-time detection and response in the event of a cyber-attack. In this paper, we learned how to apply data for multiple servers and apply various security information as data in the security application using logs, and match with regard to application of character data such as file names. We improved by applying gender, and we converted to continuous data by resetting based on the risk of non-continuous data, and two optimization algorithms were applied to solve the problem of overfitting. Therefore, we think that there will be a contribution in the connection experiment of the data decision part and the optimization algorithm to learn the security data.


Type XI collagen, a heterotrimer specific to cartilage matrix, plays an important role in cartilage morphogenesis. We analyzed various α2(XI) collagen promoter-lacZreporter gene constructs in transgenic mice to understand tissue-specific transcriptional regulation. The −530 promoter sequence was sufficient to direct reporter gene expression specifically to cartilage. Further deletion to −500 abolished reporter gene expression in cartilage but activated the expression specific to neural tissues such as brain and neural tube. An additional 47-base pair deletion resulted in random tissue expression patterns. A 24-base pair sequence from −530 to −507 of the α2(XI) promoter was able to switch the activity of the heterologous neurofilament light gene promoter from neural tissues to cartilage. These results suggest that the α2(XI) collagen gene is regulated by at least three modular elements: a basal promoter sequence distal to −453, a neural tissue-specific element (−454 to −500), and a cartilage-specific element (−501 to −530), which inhibits expression in neural tissues and induces expression in cartilage.


Nowadays, the enterprises consider the existing and produced knowledge of the organization as a main asset and try to collect and retain this type of knowledge. As a fascinating concept, the term of organizational memory attracted many researchers from a variety of disciplines. In particular, the content of organizational memory, which involves declarative and procedural memory, found broad research interest in the management literature. Nevertheless, there is sparse research in the management literature on the emotional content aspect of organizational memory. This study reviews a variety of literature on the organizational memory and emotions. This study demonstrated that emotional memory of organizations influences their routines, beliefs and procedures, and management should consider the past emotional experience of organizations to be more innovative. This study offers a contribution to the management literature by identifying the emotional memory concept and its processes, and presenting a model of interrelationships among emotional memory, declarative and procedural memory. In particular, this study adds new insight to the literature on the emotional life of organizations and offers literature a tool for both understanding and theorizing about emotion in organizations by making emotional memory concept explicit in a multidisciplinary understanding of organizational phenomena, and by providing a framework to clarify how we might conceptualize emotional memory.


About 10% of U.S. groundwater samples analyzed as part of a new U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) study exceed the World Health Organization's (WHO) guideline for arsenic in drinking water.

A USGS map of arsenic concentrations in groundwater across the U.S., released on May 8, shows the highest concentrations were found in samples taken from states in the Southwest and Rocky Mountain region, as well as in sections of the Midwest and Northeast.


Abstract An analytical investigation of a complete vehicle model dynamics, subjected to road disturbances is performed. In a reference plane (X, Y), the trajectory traced by the center of gravity of the vehicle will be simulated and shown, and how this trajectory varies if incidents (faults) happen such as variation in the inflation pressure, variation in the type of the contact area with the ground… Due to practical limitations, we cannot consider all the types of faults and their effects on the movement of the center of gravity such as vibration caused from the mechanical system. A complete model composed of a set of complex non linear differential equations requiring a limited set of easily obtained parameters will be shown to represent the motion of the center of gravity. In this work a vehicle without driver is considered, so his reactions on the steering angle, on the acceleration or braking will not be taken into account.


In any language, there is a major difference between one's ability to excel at spoken discourse versus written discourse. Native speakers, and even native teachers (NT), don't naturally write well. While native speakers generally master spoken discourse simply by growing up in their own country, writing is definitely an acquired skill that requires both understanding and practice. In order to be a proficient L2 writer one has to better understand text organization, writing conventions, and a range of effective cohesive and coherent devices. This paper employs a before/after approach from a student text. The author offers his own revision of the student text in order to show the efficacy of text analysis. First, the paper reviews a number of devices in written discourse including cohesion, conjunction, collocation, reiteration, ellipsis and substitution. Then two theoretical frameworks are examined: 1) the problem/solution structure, and 2) the question/answer structure. Next, it discusses pedagogical implications for both higher and lower level L2 writers. Finally, it will introduce current online technology that can provide students with immediate feedback that both motivates and allows students to quickly see areas to target for further improvements in their own L2 writing. keywords: written discourse, cohesion, coherence, online technology, L2 Writing


This study investigates the effect of preschool teachers' collective self-efficacy. A study group consists of 172 preschool teachers who are working in public preschools affiliated with the Ministry of National Education in different cities of Turkey. In this study, teacher self- efficiency scale is employed to assess professional efficiency perception of teachers. Schwarzer et al have developed the scale, Sunbul and Arslan studied validity and validity of scale, and adopted it to Turkish. For identifying teachers' collective self-efficacy, the Collective Teachers' Self-Efficacy Scale developed by Arslan and Sunbul (2006) has been applied. In data analysis, Pearson product-moment correlation, and simple linear regression analysis method has been used. As a result of the study, it was found that there was a positive relationship between teachers' self-efficacy and collective self- efficacy. Besides, it was found that teachers' self-efficacy significantly explain collective self- efficacy.

 Key words: Teacher, self-efficacy, collective self-efficacy.


An all-inclusive financial system is one of the channels through which information and communication technology (ICT) affects economic growth. Digital financial inclusion is an evolving phenomenon that enhances the ease of access to and availability of formal financial services. Further, economic freedom is one of the significant factors affecting financial development and growth. Hence, there is a strong rationale for examining the effect of economic freedom on financial inclusion. However, there is no empirical evidence on the linkages between these variables in the literature. Accordingly, we examined these relationships. The results of a panel data analysis that we performed on a dataset pertaining to emerging economies show that the nexus of ICT diffusion–economic freedom–financial development has a positive impact on financial inclusion in the long run, highlighting the importance of creating an economic environment that is conducive to sustained economic growth. The findings of this study have significant implications from an economic policy standpoint and call for a more holistic approach.


Constraining reservoir models to available field observation is an important step in reservoir simulation process especially when models aim at further development decision making. In the past two decades, several assisted history-matching methodologies have been proposed to help in the matter (gradient methods, streamlines, etc. Oliver and Chen, 2011). More recently, ensemble based methodologies were adapted from other domains to perform reservoir history matching (Evensen, 2007).


Nitrate removal in woodchips increased linearly with drying–rewetting duration. Nitrate removal increased up to 172% in the longest drying–rewetting duration. Nitrate removal rates increased proportionally with dissolved organic C leaching.


OBJECTIVE
To analyze the factors correlated with the surgical prognosis of patients with traumatic acute subdural hematoma (ASDH).

METHODS
A total of 117 surgical patients for traumatic ASDH between January 2007 and August 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical factors correlated with prognosis were statistically analyzed.Glasgow outcome score (GOS) was used for prognostic evaluations and favorable prognosis was defined as 4-5 points.

RESULTS
The percentage of patients with favorable prognosis was 43.59% and the mortality 39.32%. The factors correlated with favorable prognosis included age <40 years, pre-operative GCS >8, no pre-operative herniation, duration between injury and surgical depression ≤ 4 h, without injury of drainage vein, mild brain edema and good brain palpation; the factors correlated with mortality included age >60 years, pre-operative GCS ≤ 8, pre-operative herniation, duration between injury and surgical depression >4 h, injury of drainage vein, serious brain edema and weak brain palpation Logistic regression confirmed preoperative GCS >8, no preoperative herniation, injury of drainage vein and postoperative good brain palpation were independent factors associated with favorable prognosis.

CONCLUSION
Patients with age <40 years, preoperative GCS>8, no preoperative herniation, injury of drainage vein and postoperative good brain palpation tend to have favorable prognoses.


We conducted a VDatum-spatially varying uncertainty study for the North-East Gulf of Mexico. The newly developed tide model incorporated the latest available National Ocean Service (NOS) bathymetry survey data and National Geodetic Survey (NGS) shoreline data, and the datum products reflected the updated tidal datum data from the Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS). A gridding technique based on the wavelength of long waves in the deep ocean was applied to improve model efficiency. In this study, we highlight the creation of the tidal datum products and associated spatially varying uncertainty, which was developed by blending the model results, observations, and measurement errors together using a spatially varying uncertainty method based on a variational approach. The study found that model errors, measurement errors, and lack of observations can contribute to large uncertainty in the tidal datum products. The need for high quality bathymetry data in coastal areas is essential for reducing model error. As for the large uncertainty due to lack of observations or large measurement error, this can be improved by placement of new observations with high precision. Compared to a single uncertainty value, the spatially varying uncertainty provides more accurate representation of the uncertainty for the tidal datum products in VDatum. The uncertainty results will be used to help with decision-making on placement of new tide gauges to further reduce the uncertainty in the VDatum products.


Multi-terminal memtransistors using polycrystalline monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) have recently emerged as novel synaptic devices. Due to the coexistence of disorder and strong Coulomb carrier-carrier interactions in MoS2, localization and delocalization of carriers can come into play successively upon the relative strength of disorder and interactions, which can be tuned by the Fermi level ( E F). In this work, we show that the transition from trap-mediated to band-like transport leads to the resistive switching behavior in MoS2 memtransistors, which is driven by the E F shift arising from defect profile redistribution that is facilitated by grain boundaries. In the high resistance state, field-driven hopping conduction can be clearly observed in the high-field region ( E > 0.05 MV/cm), whereas the linear dependence of l n ( I / E ) on the square root of the electric field, E 1 / 2, suggests Poole–Frenkel emission in the low-field region ( E ≤ 0.05 MV/cm). In the low resistance state, strong interactions prevailed and a substantial amount of thermally activated electrons are excited into the conduction band, leading to band-like transport.


To generate mortality estimates for fish that are captured and released in recreational and commercial fisheries, it is common to temporarily hold fish in captivity. Typically, captured fish are placed in some form of pen, cage or tank with control individuals, yet little is known about how the type of holding environment influences fish condition or mortality. Here we captured freshwater fish (bluegill; Lepomis macrochirus) via angling and fyke net and retained them in one of four holding environments; a round flow-through tank on shore [TANK], a knotless nylon pen with natural substrate in the lake [PEN], a knotless nylon floating cage with a rigid structure [RCAGE], and a knotless nylon floating cage that lacked rigid structure [CAGE]. Mortality was low (1%) across both capture techniques and holding environments during the 14-day retention period. All mortalities were associated with capture by fyke net. A chronic stress indicator, blood glucose, was determined for a subset of fish on day 5. Although there were significant differences in blood glucose between angled RCAGE and angled PEN (Tukey, P = 0.047) and angled RCAGE and fyke PEN (Tukey, P = 0.015), the observed levels were generally quite low (range: 1.0–3.9 mmol L−1) and the differences were likely associated with differences in feeding; fish in the PEN group with access to substrate (and presumably the most food) had slightly higher glucose levels. At the conclusion of the study Fulton's condition factor was similar among all groups (ANOVA, P > 0.05, all terms). However, fish held in the TANK treatment had the highest levels of external protozoan parasite infection by Ichthyopthirius (Tukey, P < 0.05). This study illustrates that in situ holding environments (rather than tanks) may help reduce mortality, stress, and disease during studies that estimate post-release mortality. We encourage additional research to explore how the holding environment can influence inferences made about post-release mortality and sublethal impacts of fishing. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS
This study was designed to prospectively compare the diagnostic yield of the M2A endoscopic capsule with that of video push-enteroscopy in exploring the small intestine in patients with obscure digestive bleeding.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Patients with either occult or overt obscure digestive bleeding and a negative endoscopic work-up underwent a double intestinal investigation, with video push-enteroscopy and a wireless capsule, performed blindly by separate examiners. The diagnostic yield for each technique was defined as the frequency of detection of clinically relevant intestinal lesions, i. e. those having the potential for bleeding.

RESULTS
60 patients (27 men, 33 women; age 58 +/- 18 years; hemoglobin 9.4 +/- 2.5 g/dl) were included, 32 with occult and 28 with overt bleeding. Results were analyzed for 58 patients, who completed both examinations. Lesions were detected in 43 patients: with both techniques in 19, only by capsule in 21, and, conversely, only by push-enteroscopy in 3 ( P = 0.04). Final diagnoses were as follows: a P2 lesion with high bleeding potential in 28 patients (19 angiomata, 6 ulcerations, 2 tumors, 1 case of intestinal varices); a P1 lesion with intermediate bleeding potential in 15 patients (2 patients with mucosal erosions, 13 patients with mucosal red spots); and there were normal findings from 15 procedures. No procedure induced any complication.

CONCLUSION
The use of the wireless endoscopy capsule detects significantly more clinically relevant intestinal lesions than video push-enteroscopy in patients with obscure digestive bleeding, raising the diagnostic yield to 67.2 %. Its influence on the clinical outcome for patients needs further investigation.


The utility model discloses a tablet personal computer support. The tablet personal computer support comprises a pedestal, two retractable arms arranged on the pedestal, fixing components arranged at two ends of each of the retractable arms for fixing a tablet personal computer and positioning mechanisms for positioning the two retractable arms in a retractable state. According to the tablet personal computer support provided by the utility model, two double-coupling gears and racks on the two retractable arms are interworked to perform the function of synchronous stretching and retracting of the two retractable arms; the tablet personal computers of different dimensions can be fixed by virtue of the tablet personal computer support by adjusting the length of the two retractable arms; and silicon rubber cases are arranged on the fixing components, so that the surface of the tablet personal computer can be prevented from being scratched. The tablet personal computer support has a nice appearance and adopts a design of internal mechanical self-locking structure; springs are ingeniously utilized for fixing the tablet personal computers of different dimensions; meanwhile, the support is released with the effect of the resilience force produced by releasing the spring by virtue of the gears under the drive of a release button, so that more people can use the tablet personal computer support conveniently, the practicability of a product is improved, and the practicability and comfort are ensured.


Objective\ To study the expression of urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA) and uPA receptor (uPAR) and investigate its relation with invasion and metastasis in pancreatic carcinoma. \ Methods\ uPA and uPAR in tissues of 47 cases of pancreatic carcinoma and eight normal pancreas were examined by immunohistochemical method. \ Results\ uPA and uPAR were negative in tissue of eight normal pancreas. The positive rates of uPA and uPAR in 47 cancer tissue were 57.4% and 51.1%, respectively, both were closely correlated with invasion ( χ 2=5.35,5.00,P 0.05) and metastasis ( χ 2=7.52,6.13,P 0.05),but no relation with histological grading noted ( χ 2=2.53,2.84,P 0.05). The expression of uPA was positively correlated with that of uPAR in pancreatic cancer ( r=0.86,χ 2=10.23,P 0.01). \ Conclusion\ The activation of uPA uPAR plays an important role in the process of invasion and metastasis of pancreatic carcinoma.


I would like to attract attention of the LHC high-energy physics community to non-accelerator, low-energy experiments, that are also very sensitive to new physics. My example concerns search for supersymmetric dark matter particles. It is shown that non-observation of the SUSY dark matter candidates with a high-accuracy detector can exclude large domains of the MSSM parameter space and, in particular, can make especially desirable collider search for light SUSY charged Higgs boson. , 3 ≥ 45 , , 127 GeV for non-LSP neutralinos, M ˜ ν ≥ 43 GeV for sneutrinos, M ˜ e R ≥ 70 GeV for selectrons, M ˜ q ≥ 210 GeV for squarks, M ˜ t 1 ≥ 85 GeV for light top-squark, M H 0 ≥ 79 GeV for neutral Higgs bosons, M CH ≥ 70 GeV for charged Higgs boson.


A 46-year-old male complained of oral and pharyngeal pain and hoarseness. Multiple irregular erosions with white coating were noted in the oral cavity, oropharynx, and larynx. The coating was removed easily, but the removal caused bleeding. There were no skin lesions. Biopsy of the oral mucosa was performed for diagnosis, but the result was inconclusive. About a month later several bullae developed on the upper and lower limbs. A biopsy of the skin of the left forearm showed intraepidermal bullae caused by acantholysis. A fluorescent antibody test (direct method) revealed intercellular IgG depositions. These findings led to a diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris.It is difficult to diagnose pemphigus vulgaris by biopsy of only the oral mucosa when lesions are limited to the oral cavity, because the oral mucosa peels easily, and specimens are often damaged. Therefore, cytological examination of the oral lesion and serological examination with a fluorescent antibody technique (indirect method) should be added when pemphigus vulgaris is suspected.


298 # 1997 Blackwell Science Ltd The Fourth Musculoskeletal Congress of the World Federation of Hemophilia (WFH) was held in Madrid, Spain, 6±9 April 1997. His Majesty The King Juan Carlos I of Spain kindly agreed to be the Honorary President. E Carlos Rodriguez-Merchan, MD, PhD, and Manuel Magallon, MD, PhD, of the `La Paz' University Hospital in Madrid, co-chaired the meeting, bringing together a faculty of 80 orthopaedic surgeons, rehabilitation physicians and physiotherapists from 20 di€erent countries. Fourty scienti®c papers and two `key-note' lectures were delivered. Dr Antoni Trias (Barcelona, Spain) delivered a lecture on SICOT (Societe Internationale de Chirurgie Orthope dique et Traumatologie) and Aliated Societies. As the Editor of International Orthopaedics, the ocial journal of SICOT, he stated that the aim of these international societies is to promote the two fundamental goals of any international organization. One is to foster the mutual interest of their members through meetings, publications and friendship. The other goal is the educational role of those who can provide it for those who need it, and also the commitment to help developing countries into the ful®llment of their obligations. Dr J. A. Fernandez de Valderrama delivered a historical annotation on haemophilic blood cysts and pseudotumours. The ®rst classical report on the haemophilic pseudotumour was from Oxford; it was published in 1965 by Fernandez de Valderrama & Matthews in the British Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. Dr G. Tagariello et al. (Castelfranco Veneto, Italy; Sheeld, UK) demonstrated that IL-1 beta and IL-1 alpha genes are activated in synovial tissues from haemophilic arthritis. In this context, standard anti-in ̄ammatory therapy with NSAIDs or steroids cannot be used. However, targeted therapy with IL-1 receptor antagonist or soluble IL-1 receptor type II could be useful to prevent haemophilic synovitis and possibly its evolution into erosive arthropathy. Dr G. Roosendaal et al. (Utrecht, Holland) investigated the harmful e€ect of blood components on human cartilage in vitro. A possible explanation for the irreversible damaging e€ect of the combination of monuclear cells and red blood cells is the conversion of oxygen metabolites produced by monocytes in the monuclear cell population to the toxic hydroxyl radicals which are catalized by iron, supplied by the red blood cells. Their results suggested that prevention of intra-articular haemorrhage is crucial to prevent blood-induced cartilage damage. Dr E. De Biasi et al. (Castelfranco Veneto and Padova, Italy) reported on the phenotypic patterns of in®ltrating cells, and evaluated the possibility that some in the lymphocytic subsets present in the synovial tissue could play a role in the aetiopathogenesis of in ̄ammatory mechanisms of haemophilic arthropathy. Their preliminary data suggested a di€erent clinical approach. Dr G. Tagariello et al. (Castelfranco Veneto and Padova, Italy) assessed the incidence of alloantibodies to factor VIII with the aim of avoiding the appearance of inhibitors during the period leading up to an operation. Their main conclusion was that antibodies not detected by coagulation assays can play a role in the coagulation activity. Professor F. Makay, and Dr A. Batorova (Bratislava, Slovakia) compared continuous infusion of factor VIII and bolus treatment in patients after major orthopaedic operations. They concluded that the levels of factor VIII were maintained in a safe and stable range by means of continuous infusion, and no serious adverse e€ects were observed. Dr A. Seuser et al. (Bonn and Troisdorf, Germany) presented a motion analysis study of the rotation of the haemophilic knee joint. In comparison with normal knees the haemophilic knees showed diminished external and internal rotation capacity even when extension and ̄exion were normal. The clinical implication even in the early stages of haemarthropathy is for the physiotherapist to focus on rotational stresses in order to minimize and prevent joint haemarthroses. Mr W. J. Ribbans et al. (London and Oxford, UK) reported on the conservative treatment of acute and subacute haemarthrosis for the prevention of haemophilic synovitis. Optimal treatment involves a combination of factor replacement, rest, ice and supervised rehabilitation. In certain cases, joint aspiration may be considered.


A Cloud marketplace facilitates both buyers and sellers to trade Cloud services. Currently, alternatives to the widely used supermarket approach are gaining popularity, e.g. consumers can bid for virtual machines in Amazon E2C spot market. The scientific community goes one step ahead and envisions highly dynamic market forms e.g. by using autonomous multi-round bilateral negotiations (Bazaar-based negotiations) between consumers and providers. In this paper, we extend the consumer-provider relationships by considering service chains with additional market participants called intermediaries. We formally describe such consumer-intermediary-provider service chains on Cloud markets. Based on the formal description we introduce the first market simulation environment based on CloudSim which allows to simulate Cloud markets on which consumers, providers and intermediaries are participating.


This study explores the impact of shared leadership on project success through the role of organisational innovativeness (OI) as mediator and knowledge sharing as moderator. Data were collected from a sample of 202 project directors, engineers and managers working in project-based organisations across Pakistan through a structured questionnaire. The target sample was approached through LinkedIn. Partial least structure equation modelling technique was used for the data analysis. The study finds a significant positive association between shared leadership and project success. The mediating role of OI between shared leadership and project success was also supported by the results. However, knowledge sharing did not mediate the relationship between shared leadership and project success. The findings of this study imply that shared leadership shows an imperative role in dealing with complex situations and critical decision-making circumstances that arise during the project execution directly as well as through the intervening mechanism of OI towards project success. This study significantly contributes to facilitating academician and researchers to further investigate the role of human factors toward project success. In addition, this study has significant implications for practitioners in facilitating them to increase the chances of project success in an efficient manner.


The amount of different environments where wireless communications is required has grown significantly, channel estimation has been known to be the path to take, but the necessity of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems has created a complex process of demodulation for the coherent paradigm. Non-coherent receivers achieve data detection without the overhead and computational complexity required by pilot-based reception mechanisms. Additionally, difference modulation has some interesting properties of invariance that may be used against Doppler shifts and Carrier Frequency Offset. That is why, having an analytical approximation of the probability of error in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) will be very useful. In this work, Chernoff Boundaries are proposed for an autocovariance receiver, which are easily scalable to any order of difference modulation. Also, the upper bound proposed could be calculated even when there is diversity at the receiver, that could be in time, frequency or space.


This paper is about the " special color " mismatching as an effect of digital printing as well as the type of paper used for printing. We examined different types of papers and the most widely spread types of digital printing to get a wide vision about this problem, color measurements are carried out to identify the problem in numbers, giving recommendations for the best use of " special color " in company logos. Most company logos use " special colors " (basically Pantone) to give their own identity, these logos are subjected to print on different types of papers and different methods of printing, which means that logo colors might be changed and this badly affects the company identity.  Problem: When printing value colors " special colors " such as company logos, it is subject to change between conventional and digital printing, this would affect the identity of the logo's company when the company logo is printed using a different method of printing and paper types, this problem has to be outlined so that designers could give the right color choice when creating logos. Objective: This paper is to outline the problem of " special colors " mismatching comparing the amount of color shift according to the " special colors " and the paper type, then a final result is carried out to give a table of most affected colors among a collection of 19 spot colors.


This is a detailed textual and critical study of all Yeats's important autobiographical prose, concentrating on the book ^IAutobiographies but considering other texts as well. Contents: Introduction; John Sherman and^R The Speckled Bird; Reveries Over Childhood and Youth; The Trembling of the Veil; Dramatis Personae; Estrangement and The Death of Synge; The Bounty of Sweden; Conclusion


EMULSIFIED ASPHALTS ARE MARKETED IN CANADA IN A VARIETY OF GRADES FOR ROAD BUILDING PURPOSES AND MANUFACTURED IN PLANTS ALL OVER THE COUNTRY. IN 1959 CATIONIC EMULSIFIED ASPHALTS WERE EVALUATED IN SASKATCHEWAN, BRITISH COLUMBIA AND ONTARIO. UNTIL THEN ONLY ANIONIC GRADES WERE IN USE. CHANGES IN PRODUCT USAGE AND CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES THAT HAVE TAKEN PLACE SINCE THE INTRODUCTION OF CATIONIC EMULSIONS ARE REVIEWED. /CGRA/


In this paper, we study the strong global attractors for a three dimensional nonclassical diffusion equation with memory. First, we prove the existence and uniqueness of strong solutions for the equations by the Galerkin method. Then we prove the existence of global attractors for the equations in $H^2(\Omega)\cap H^1_0(\Omega)\times L^2_\mu(\mathbb{R}^+;H^2(\Omega)\cap H^1_0(\Omega))$ by the condition (C).


The objective of this paper is to identify sources of the challenges faced by the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) of the European Union. Based on an actorness approach, the paper offers a systematic and theory-driven framework for the analysis of these challenges. Their investigation is based on publications of thirteen think tanks that were published in the context of the December summit of the European Council in 2013. The paper identifies two main sources at a national level. First, it shows that the significance of national sovereignty in the sensitive domain of security and defence policy is an obstacle to the development of the CSDP. Second, the analysis reveals that foreign policy role conceptions are a fundamental factor: different role conceptions of member states result in a lack of mutual understanding, in missing trust, and finally, in the unwillingness to transfer actorness to the EU level despite a common set of basic interests and values. Yet, the political will of member states will be decisive for the future development of the CSDP.


At the United Nations World Population Conference in Belgrade, in 1965, out of some one thousand participants and observers, there was only one lawyer, and none of the hundreds of papers presented at the conference dealt with the legal aspects of the population problem and the family planning. 1 The scenario perhaps, is not different in 2010 Annual Meeting of Population Association of America. The subject of law, population and family planning, unfortunately, has been almost neglected, despite the fact that law has an important role to influence the human behavior. 2


Based on chaotic theory, several chaotic optimization methods have been analyzed, and a novel chaotic optimization algorithm (P-Chaos) has been presented. The method searches from several different initial points and detracts the sensitivity of initial value. The algorithm is applied to several problems in test functions and the simulation results show that the algorithm is effective.


NVM device offers an effective way to solve the storage wall of the computer system, but its high read/write speed poses a significant challenge to the existing I/O software stack in Linux. This paper designs an effective BIO management strategy for NVM device driver and builds a high throughput NVM storage system to improve the concurrency and reduce BIO management overhead. First, a two-phase dynamic BIO management strategy module is proposed to separate BIO reception and execution, thereby improving the concurrency of BIO management in the NVM device driver. A lightweight BIO migration strategy is then designed to reduce the access number to NVM devices and improve the throughput of NVM device driver. Finally, based on Intel's open-source NVM device driver named PMEM, a high throughput NVM device driver named SVTNVM is implemented to build the new NVM storage system prototype. Some tests and analysis were carried out by using Filebench and Fio to simulate application workloads for evaluation. The results show that SVTNVM can improve IOPS by 29.3% and I/O bandwidth by 23.3% compared with current NVM storage system with PMEM.


The keeping of pet birds in Japan is reviewed with emphasis on Cyanistes varius (varied tit). Traditionally, bird-keeping in Japan was mainly for the enjoyment of their songs. Songbird competitions were popular and training of birds to sing was common, especially in the Edo Era from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries, which meant that it was known that birds learn to sing and have dialects in their songs. There were districts famous for producing birds with beautiful voices. Within the bird-keeping culture of Japan, the varied tit had a specific image, which was different from other birds. They were trained to perform tricks and were used in street performances from the Edo Era until the middle of the twentieth century, when the tradition disappeared. The decline of the bird-keeping culture and the training of tricks may benefit the conservation of wild birds, but it also marks the loss of an ancient cultural tradition in Japan.


PlasmaHDL areanegative riskfactor foratherosclerosis. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP; 476aminoacids) transfers cholesteryl esterfromHDL tootherlipoproteins. Subjects withhomozygous CETPdeficiency caused byagene splicing defect havemarkedly elevated HDL;however, heterozygotes haveonlymildincreases inHDL.We describe two probands withaCETPmissense mutation (442D:G).Although heterozygous, theyhavethreefold increases inHDL concentration andmarkedly decreased plasma CETPmassand activity, suggesting thatthemutation hasdominant effects on CETPandHDL invivo. Cellular expression ofmutantcDNA results insecretion ofonly30%ofwildtypeCETPactivity. Moreover, coexpression ofwild typeandmutantcDNAsleads toinhibition ofwild typesecretion andactivity. Thedominant effects oftheCETPmissense mutation during cellular expressionprobably explains whytheprobands havemarkedly increased HDL intheheterozygous state, andsuggests that the active molecular species ofCETPmaybemultimeric. (J. Clin. Invest. 1993. 92:2060-2064.) Keywords: highdensity lipoproteins *cholesteryl ester transfer proteins *lipid transfer proteins *atherosclerosis *missense mutation


The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is in the process of implementing a set of materials control and accountability (MC A) performance requirements. These graded requirements set a uniform level of performance for similar materials at various facilities against the threat of an insider adversary stealing special nuclear material (SNM). These requirements are phrased in terms of detecting the theft of a goal quantity of SNM within a specified time period and with a probability greater than or equal to a special value and include defense-in-depth requirements. The DOE has conducted an extensive effort over the last 2{1/2} yr to develop a practical methodology to be used in evaluating facility performance against the performance requirements specified in DOE order 5633.3. The major participants in the development process have been the Office of Safeguards and Security (OSS), Brookhaven National Laboratory, and Los Alamos National Laboratory. The process has included careful reviews of related evaluation systems, a review of the intent of the requirements in the order, and site visits to most of the major facilities in the DOE complex. As a result of this extensive effort to develop guidance for the MC A performance requirements, OSS was able to provide amore » practical method that will allow facilities to evaluate the performance of their safeguards systems against the performance requirements. In addition, the evaluations can be validated by the cognizant operations offices in a systematic manner.« less


CT demonstration of lower cervical spine detail is often limited by a streak artifact created by the shoulders within the tomographic field of view (Fig. 1). The patient may be in structed to hold the shoulders low; however, this position is difficult to maintain without moving throughout the often lengthy examination. Various methods for achieving optimal CT cervical spine images have been described [1-3]. These involved manipulating the radiographic factors and section thickness, positioning silicone gel pads about the neck, ad justing the gantry angle, and choosing a small versus a large field-of-view calibration. Beyond removing the shoulders from the scanning area , no technique has been described that routinely eliminates the streak artifacts. This article describes an easily applied device that facilitates a classic maneuver and effectively depresses the shoulders from the lower cervical spine and eliminates much of the shoulder artifact. A search of the computer literature failed to disclose any published devices described for this purpose in CT of the cervical spine. Methods of application and a repre sentative case are included.


The article focuses on the orientation of educational aids for blind people. The prototype was made with the Scrum methodology and the prototype design tool called Balsamiq was used. Its objective is to design Prototypes of mobile application oriented to educational aid for blind people in Peru so that they have a decent and adequate education. The prototype is represented by 4 sprints, the first of user validation, the second of user registration, the third of classes or courses and the last of videoconferencing. In the application, a validation of the existing or new user's data was performed, where the user accesses the courses, he/she takes, so that he/she can choose a class by voice message, choosing to have a videoconference with a teacher. The proposed result for blind people to have a proper education is to optimize the learning process, through a prototype application, for each user or student where they can adapt in their studies, in addition to having blind people to make appropriate decisions in education, in the same way enhance the skills that these people have in education with a prototype of help for blind people designed in a prototype mobile application in Peru.


Pressure ulcers cause a lot of pain and suffering for the patient. In 2000, the estimated cost of pressure ulcers for the NHS was in the region of 1.4–2.1 billion pounds (Posnett and Franks, 2007). However, not all skin damage on and around the sacrum and buttocks is due to pressure damage. There is often confusion between a pressure ulcer and a moisture lesion, and the treatment for each differs. Therefore, in order to ensure that appropriate treatment is given, it is essential to be able to tell the difference between the two. The aim of this article is to give healthcare assistants an understanding of pressure ulcers and moisture lesions, and the differences between them in their appearance and treatment.


Summary Measurements of the soil pH are often used to characterize the nutritional conditions for the vegetation at a particular site, for example in ecograms describing the ecological behaviour of a (tree) species. In spite of this use and interpretation of pH measurements, certain prerequisites must be fulfilled when pH-values are to be used as an expression of the nutritional conditions for plants. Our study in deciduous forests of northern Germany shows that in strongly acid soils (pH


Values and values-based leadership: some philosophical remarks The question of the nature of values concerns all human sciences because valuation is related centrally to all human action. Values-based leadership has become a fashionable theme in management education and research. lt is often associated with ethical leadership, although values-based leadership also can concern other values for example, economic or political values. For this reason, among others, values based leadership can have a variety of objectives. The aim of this article is to clarify, by means of philosophical analysis, the concepts of value and values-based leadership, and thus to avoid the worst pitfalls of studying this subject area. The following definitions are advanced and defended in this article: Values are good or important qualities of beings, deeds, or events; qualities that, as ideals or goals, direct our actions. Values-based leadership is a management doctrine that says that an organization has to determine its own values, by which it then can be managed. ln work organizations, the discussion on and the definition of values are central instruments of values-based leadership and value education. The common discussion on values is important primarily because it creates and enriches the collective view of what is good, eligible, and acceptable. The main thesis and conclusion of this paper is that this social-level view and related social influence are necessary in order that the joint and separate action of organization members would be in accordance with the common values.


The method for determination of 10 food additives [including sorbic acid, benzoic acid, dehydroacetic acid, tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate, propyl p-hydroxybenzoate and butyl p-hydroxybenzoate] in wines by ion trap GC-MS combined with full scan detection technology was established, and the parameters of GC-MS were also optimized.The detection limits of sorbic acid, benzoic acid, dehydroacetic acid, TBHQ, BHA, BHT, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate, propyl p-hydroxybenzoate and butyl p-hydroxybenzoate were 0.11mg/L, 0.072mg/L, 0.046mg/L, 0.035mg/L, 0.032mg/L, 0.020mg/L, 0.035mg/L, 0.042mg/L, 0.035mg/L, 0.035mg/L, respectively.The relative standard deviation (RSD) and recovery rate of the method were 2.9% ~4.6% and 82% ~101%, respectively. The method met the detection requirement of 10 food additives in wines with good results.he detection efficiency of 10 food additives was greatly improved .


OBJECTIVE: To review the available English-language literature concerning the efficacy of soluble and insoluble Prussian blue used as a therapeutic agent in radiocesium and thallium poisoning. DATA SOURCES: A thorough search of MEDLINE, Toxline, and EMBASE databases (1960s-August 2003) was performed. Search terms included Prussian blue, thallium, and radiocesium poisoning. Bibliographies of relevant papers were reviewed for additional citations. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Reports and studies of human trials and cases, along with animal and relevant in vitro data, were sought. Data were categorized as insoluble and soluble Prussian blue and by thallium and radiocesium poisoning. DATA SYNTHESIS: The majority of evidence describing the efficacy of Prussian blue for radiocesium poisoning is based on the use of the insoluble form. In contrast, the majority of data supporting the efficacy of Prussian blue in thallium poisoning involves the use of the soluble form. CONCLUSIONS: Insoluble Prussian blue has recently been approved in the US for treatment of both thallium and radiocesium poisoning. While there is sufficient evidence that the insoluble form of Prussian blue is effective in radiocesium poisoning, there is a paucity of analogous data supporting its use in thallium poisoning. Whether the physicochemical differences between soluble and insoluble Prussian blue have any effect on outcomes in human poisoning is not known.