SIM cards have been more and more widely used and the failure of packaging becomes a remarkable issue. In this paper, effects of die thickness and layout, material properties and packaging process parameters on the stress of dies were analyzed based on finite element simulation. The whole simulation includes two main packaging processes: cooling after die attach and molding process. The warpage of SIM card after packaging was also researched. The results reveal that the die stress is sensitive to the die thickness and material property can also affect the stress level and warpage. To lower the die stress and package warpage, manufacturers should pay enough attention to material selection and process parameter set.


Connectors between implanted stimulator electrodes and pulse generators allow revisions, including battery changes or generator upgrades, to proceed without disturbing uninvolved components, such as the electrode. As new devices are introduced, however, connector incompatibility, even with updated hardware from the same manufacturer, can lead to additional procedures, expense, and morbidity.


Milwaukee WI; Pittsburgh PA; Brooklyn NY Otolaryngologists are viewed as the experts in diagnosing and treating otitis media (OM) both medically and surgically. As experts, otolaryngologists are also often asked to comment on controversial clinical topics related to OM. The miniseminar's format will be that of an interactive panel of experts who have contributed to the medical literature concerning current controversial topics as they relate to the selective use of antibiotics for acute otitis media, and the impact of OM on speech, language, and childhood development. A pointcounter point debate will center on the topic of withholding antibiotics to allow for spontaneous resolution of acute OM and will focus on the aspects of complications, speed of recovery, accuracy of diagnosis, costs, antimicrobial resistance, and medical/legal issues. A second point-counter point debate will center on the topic of the impact that chronic OM with effusion has on childhood development, specifically related to speech and language outcomes. The moderator will provide additional points of interest regarding each of these topics and audience participation will be encouraged through an interactive format. We plan a preand postpresentation audience survey to assess the program's educational impact.


A preparation has been obtained from hog liver which exerts a marked protective action against liver necrosis produced in rats by carbon tetrachloride inhalation. Also preliminary experiments indicate that the substance definitely lessens the cirrhotic changes in the liver resulting from chronic carbon tetrachloride poisoning. Preparation of material: To a concentrated aqueous extract of hog liver (about 29° Baumé), sufficient alcohol was added to make an 80% alcoholic solution and the solution filtered. The material precipitated from the filtrate by an excess of silver nitrate was treated with concentrated hydrochloric acid and the precipitated silver chloride removed. The supernatant fluid was neutralized until alkaline to congo red but acid to litmus, and evaporated under reduced pressure to a small volume. Inorganic salts were removed by the addition of alcohol to 80%, and filtration. The alcohol was evaporated off under reduced pressure and the residual liquid diluted with distilled water so that 1 cc. was equivalent to approximately 60 gm. of fresh liver. The subcutaneous injection of this material into rats not only greatly reduced the degree of necrosis and fatty degeneration produced in acute poisoning, but also appears to speed up the regenerative processes. The mechanism of the protective action is not known but experiments show that the beneficial effect cannot be ascribed to the small amount of glucose present in the relatively impure preparation. In the experiments with acute carbon tetrachloride poisoning, rats weighing approximately 125 gm. each were given daily subcutaneous injections of one cc. of the protective material, beginning 5 or 6 days prior to the day of acute poisoning. An equal number of rats were used as controls. Treated and control rats were subjected to inhalation of carbon tetrachloride.


An experimental open, cloud-based platform for large-scale, low-cost delivery of healthcare applications enables broader use of patient-centric management of electronic health records and facilitates the secure and seamless sharing of EHRs among stakeholders within a healthcare system.


WHILST secretory otitis is certainly no newcomer to the otological scene, it has undoubtedly assumed over the past decade or so an increasing and perhaps more sinister role; for it is now recognized in addition to being the most frequent cause of deafness in children, as an important precursor in the pathogenesis of the chronic otitides. It is, in fact, a more complex process than the benign self-limiting condition it was originally considered to be. Its insidious pathological potentialities render its early control an urgent matter, not only to reduce the considerable handicap of a hearing defect in that competitive period of school life up to the age of adolescence but equally to prevent its progression to a suppurative or adhesive phase. The old adage extolling the virtues of prevention in preference to cure is as true today as it ever was. Although there is general agreement that its ultimate control is dependent upon the re-establishment of proper ear pouch ventilation this same accord is not, unfortunately, extended to the means by which this happy result may be achieved. Indeed this disagreement serves not only to confirm the wide based nature of the primary aetiological factors but equally to emphasize the complex character of the secondary inflammatory processes in the middle-ear spaces. In the adult sufferer myringotomy has for many years formed part of the routine management of secretory otitis; in the child, however, removal of those primary foci predisposing to eustachian dysfunction has been more usual. The time-honoured method of adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy, reflecting the traditional view in considering the condition an ear pouch mal-aeration syndrome, has justified its continued performance if only on account of its curative effect in the vast majority of affected children (Adams, 1956 and 1967; Bateman, 1957). In spite of this not all authors accept the classical teaching attributing a primary role to the adenoids in its pathogenesis; Perlman (1948) was unable to demonstrate


We give complete descriptions of the Steiner equivalent subgraph polytope and its dominant when the underlying digraph is strongly connected and series-parallel. These descriptions show that the Steiner equivalent subgraph problem is polynomially solvable on such digraphs and lead as well to the description of the dominant of the Steiner dicut poytope for this class of digraphs.


European seabass and common sole are commercially important species for worldwide fisheries. A European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, specimen (TL 45.3 cm and W 1203.21 g) and a common sole, Solea solea, (TL 26.2 cm and W 180.52 g) were caught off the coast of Boğaziçi, located in Güllük Bay, Muğla, Turkey by a trammel net in December 2013 and in October 2015, respectively. In European sea bass inside the abdominal cavity, abnormally, both new and unabsorbed gonad tissues were observed, together. Although unabsorbed gonad had a membrane, it was surrounded by a new membrane. Unabsorbed and dark colored gonads were found atrophic and new gonad membrane were coated old gonad tissue and egg production were found in normal. In common sole, when the ovaries should be placed in eyeless and eyed side, eyeless side of ovary was in eyed side of abdominal cavity. In this case, it was found that there was no side-separation in ovaries. Industrial and domestic pollution may cause serious environmental problems which are closely related to anomalies in aquatic organisms. On the other hand, genetic characteristics of organisms may be another factor of this kind of abnormalities.


Introduction: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) serves as a mechanical circulatory support bridge to recovery in children, allowing the heart to overcome severe insults such as ischemia/re...


Objective To investigate the effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts on morphine physical dependence in mice. Methods The physical dependence model was induced by repeated sc morphine daily in mice and then withdrawal symptom was induced by ip naloxone. Different doses of S. miltiorrhiza extracts were administrated by ip during or after the induction phase of morphine dependence, and effects of S. miltiorrhiza extracts both by preventive and acute administration on naloxone-precipiated withdrawal symptom in mice were investigated. The potential physical dependence of S. miltiorrhiza extracts was studied. Results Compared to morphine model group, preventive administration of S. miltiorrhiza extracts (100—200 mg/kg) could reduce the number of naloxone-induced withdrawal jumps (P0.05), and preventive administration of S. miltiorrhiza extracts (200 mg/kg) could significantly attenuate the weight loss of mice (P0.05); acute administration of S. miltiorrhiza extracts (500 mg/kg) could reduce the number of naloxone-induced withdrawal jumps, but only the dose (500 mg/kg) had statistical significance (P0.05). Acute administration of S. miltiorrhiza extracts (200—500 mg/kg) could attenuate the weight loss to a certain extent, but all had no statistical significance. Long-term administration of S. miltiorrhiza extracts had no potential of its own physical dependence. Conclusion S. miltiorrhiza extracts can inhibit the form of morphine physical dependence and relieve withdrawal symptom in morphine dependent mice, and has no potential of physical dependence.


Vitamin D appears essential for normal neurodevelopment and cognitive and behavioral function. We examined neonatal vitamin D in relation to the child's later diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or developmental delay (DD). Children aged 24–60 months enrolled in the population‐based CHARGE case–control study were evaluated clinically for ASD (n = 357), DD (n = 134), or typical development (TD, n = 234) at the MIND Institute (Sacramento, CA) using standardized assessments. Total 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) was measured using sensitive isotope dilution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in archived dried blood spots collected for the California Department of Public Health's Newborn Screening Program. Multinomial logistic regression was used to calculate ORs as measures of the associations between 25 nmol/L change in 25(OH)D and ASD and DD. Associations between 25(OH)D and scores on Mullen Scales of Early Learning and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales were assessed using robust linear regression. Effect modification was examined using stratified models and interaction product terms.


Paul Crossley was awarded his PhD in Social Anthropology from the University of Manchester in 2009. His research in Mexico City explores the ways in which informal livelihoods are intertwined with wider cultural, social, and historical contexts of the city and incorporate place-specific views on the value of work, household labor traditions, and popular frameworks of social reproduction. He is a research associate at Monash University, Melbourne, Australia and research consultant in the development industry.


. With the development of IOV (Internet of Vehicles) and wireless communication technology, the application of IOV has become a key solution to realizing future intelligent transportation. Communication technology is the core technology of IOV, which determines many of its key performance of IOV. However, traditional communication technology cannot meet the signal requirements of IOV communication, so the application of communication technology for 5G in IOV is crucial. This paper firstly introduces the principle and requirements of the IOV communication system, 5G communication technology and its protocols, and then focuses on the difference between 5G communication technology and traditional communication technology. From re-analysis of a vehicle grouping algorithm applied to D2D, it is concluded that the greater the distance between units, the smaller the relative speed difference between vehicles and the more stable the signal transmission channel. This algorithm can effectively solve the contradiction between the environment of a vehicle moving at high speed and the stability of signal transmission. Finally, the development of 5G communication technology applied to vehicle networking is anticipated.


The judicial interpretation of "Collusion" in Article 156 of the Criminal Law of China is self-contradictory.It has on the one hand expanded the scope of collusion to include any intention for accomplice while on the other hand believes that collusion includes "knowingly" and "repeated assistance",thus aids given with no intention of accomplice are included as well.The judicial interpretation of "collusion" is actually a judicial fiction and violates the principle of deciding a crime in accordance with the Criminal Law.Seen from the conduct of neutral aid,the judicial interpretation is also improper because only those conducts of aid that have intensified invasion into others' legitimate rights should be punished as accomplice.


Geological public service: permanent display; access to reserve collection; specialist curator; identification service; NSGSD record centre for Leeds district. Geological collections: c.10,000+ specimens, with good general collections of rocks and minerals and general and local collection of fossils; maps and photographs; condition of 60% of specimens good; minerals and rocks systematically stored, fossils under arrangement; 50% registered; major strengths in igneous rocks and minerals; type and figured fossils. December 1987....


Spin dynamics in the antiferromagnetic ring Fe10 has been studied by means of magnetic susceptibility and 1 H-NMR experiments. The spin–lattice relaxation rate 1/ T 1 above 40 K reflects the spin fluctuations in the continuous energy levels of the spin states, while the rate below 40 K indicates the development of antiferromagnetic correlations and discrete energy levels. Especially the experimental rates below 4 K can be expressed by an exponential function of the temperature with an energy gap between the singlet ground state and the triplet excited state. The field dependence of the low-lying energy levels was clearly revealed by the 1/ T 1 measurements. On the other hand, the spin–spin relaxation rate 1/ T 2 is dominated by the temperature-independent fluctuations of the nuclear dipolar fields and a small contribution proportional to 1/ T 1 , and is consistent with the spectral widths.


Note Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a hereditary auditorypigmentary syndrome, the major symptoms being congenital sensorineural hearing loss and pigmentary disturbance of eyes, hair and s kin. Depending in additional symptoms, WS can be classified into four types: WS type I (WS1) is associated with facial deformity such as dystopia canthorum (lateral displacement of the inner canthi ); WS2 has no other symptoms; WS3 is associated with upper limb deformity; and WS4, with megacolon.


The periodic autoregressive model (PAR ( )) becomes a powerful tool when to need generate scenarios. The NEWAVE and GEVAZP models in PAR ( ) structures use the lognormal distribution to obtain scenarios using synthetic time series. Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) is a powerful statistical tool. SSA can decompose a time series into three components: trend, harmonics and noise and smoothing the series, removing the noisy component. Multichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis (MSSA) is a multivariate version of SSA for more than one time series simultaneously. This paper proposes the use of the bootstrap in noisy time series detected by MSSA for the generation of scenarios in the PAR ( ) model for many time series smoothed by SSA and MSSA. Scenarios are generated with the original time series as well as the smoothed time series. Affluent Natural Energy (ANE) times series are used to illustrate the propose. General Terms Time series filtering, Multichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis


The Adventures of Augie March (2006) has been approached from various perspectives by critics since its publication. It has been studied from the point of view of culture, religion, history, modernism, postmodernism, and various schools of literary theories, while the use of parody in this novel was comparatively ignored. Through close reading of the novel, the present study finds that in one of his important novels, The Adventures of Augie March, by the use of parody of Augie's opposition to various influences with Jacob's fight with God, Saul Bellow successfully presents Augie as an image sticking stubbornly to "truth, love, peace, bounty, usefulness, harmony" and saying perpetually "no" to persuaders of all kinds of immoral influences, thus providing a more comprehensive reading of the novel.


The first input shaft and second input shaft having a driving force of an engine through a first friction clutch transmits the driving force of the engine through a second friction clutch are mounted on the first input shaft and second input shaft a first gear transmission mechanism and the second gear-shift mechanism, and the final output shaft is connected to the output shaft of the respective gear-shift mechanism, and the first input shaft or the second input shaft connected to the motor generator the hybrid device, when housed in the transmission of the detected temperature of the lubricant is less than a predetermined lower limit value, the selected gear position gear trains, using said first gear transmission mechanism or the second gear-shift mechanism, to the final output shaft torque transmission ratio required greater torque in this state, the motor-generator as a motor, then the first friction clutch or a second friction clutch is engaged, via the use of the the gear shift stage gear change mechanism 2 or the first column of the selected gear-shift mechanism, transmits the driving force of the engine to the final output shaft.


(57) Abstract: Method of processing a siliceous material (10) maintains the hot reducing atmosphere in a certain reaction zone (11), and a particulate siliceous material one solid through the reaction zone comprising passing a non-supportive manner. The material is heated, and this is thereby reacts when passing through the band (11), a silicon-rich fraction (line 16), silicon-deficient fraction (line 18) and is created.


ABSTRACT Curcumin (CUR) is a hydrophobic polyphenol derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa. CUR confers protection in various pathological conditions, including many brain-related diseases, such as cerebral ischemia, intracerebral hemorrhage, or Alzheimer's disease, and these effects have been attributed to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. In the present study, we found CUR induced the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in microglia, brain macrophage, and thus upregulated genes downstream of antioxidant response element, such as heme oxygenase 1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit, and ferritin light chain, and simultaneously downregulated lipopolysaccharide-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. We showed that the anti-inflammatory effect of CUR in microglia is connected with its anti-oxidative effect in that CUR promotes Nrf2–p300 binding at the expense of p65–p300 binding. Since CUR is a dietary spice that is eaten on a daily basis, it appears that CUR could be used therapeutically to induce anti-oxidative effect and simultaneously ameliorate inflammatory conditions via up–downregulation of related genes.


Hydraulic fracturing technology significantly enhances the productivity of shale oil and gas reservoirs. Nonetheless, the infiltration of fracturing fluid into shale formations can detrimentally affect the microscopic pore structure, thereby impairing the efficacy of hydraulic stimulation. In this study, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology was utilized to conduct high-pressure soaking tests on shale specimens treated with EM30+ + guar gum mixed water and CNI nano variable-viscosity slickwater, where various concentrations of a drag reducer were utilized. Additionally, the differences in porosity, permeability, mineral composition, and iron ion concentration before and after the measurements were compared, which were used to analyze the influence on the shale's microscopic pore structure. It features a reduction in the total pore volume after the interaction with the fracturing fluid, with the pore-throat damage degree, porosity damage degree, and permeability damage degree ranging from 0.63% to 5.62%, 1.51% to 6.84%, and 4.17% to 19.61%, respectively. Notably, EM30+ + guar gum mixed water exhibits heightened adsorption retention, alkaline dissolution, and precipitation compared to CNI nano variable-viscosity slickwater, rendering it more deleterious to shale. Moreover, higher concentrations of drag reducers, such as EM30+ or CNI-B, predominantly result in damage to the shale's micropores. Shale compositions characterized by lower content of quartz and elevated proportions of clay minerals and iron-bearing minerals showcase augmented mineral dissolution and precipitation, consequently intensifying the shale damage. The hydration expansion of mixed-layer illite/smectite profoundly diminishes the core permeability. Consequently, the mechanisms underpinning the damage inflicted on shale's microscopic pore structure primarily involve fracturing fluid adsorption and retention, mineral dissolution, and precipitation, such as clay minerals and iron-containing minerals.


Long-period fiber gratings [1] can couple light between co-propagating core and cladding modes of an optical fiber at specific wavelengths.


Although Korean society is developing greatly, homeless people and Gosiwon residents have increased rapidly. In promoting human rights and health, small community housing can be a residential alternative for Gosiwon residents The purpose of this study is to analyze Gosiwon residents' demand on small community housing. As a result, they demanded relaxation, laundry and exercise function in living space, and accessory-making, food providing system in work space. This result shows Gosiwon residents' desire for shared community space and a positive response to the community.


Technical analysis is the art of identifying patterns in historical data with the belief that certain patterns foretell future price movements. An empirical evaluation of the effectiveness of technical analysis is confounded by the subjectivity involved in identifying patterns. This work presents a robust framework for pattern identification using probabilistic neural networks (PNN). The thirty components of the Dow Jones Industrial Average and a set of ten indices are considered. Fourteen patterns are analyzed. In order to test the possibility that technical patterns are more predictable in certain market environments, the period under study (1990–2015) is partitioned into bull and bear markets and the statistical significance of profits earned by identified patterns observed in each environment is analyzed. A range of holding periods from 10 to 50 trading days is considered and a simple model of transaction costs is added. The study reveals that no pattern produces statistically and economically significant profits for a cross-section of stocks and indices analyzed, though a few patterns are more successful predictors. Bullish (bearish) patterns are more reliable predictors in bullish (bearish) market environments. These observations can be explained by the Adaptive Market Hypothesis with certain patterns becoming more accurate predictors in specific market environments.


Infection caused by microorganisms play a crucial role in the induction of inflammation of pulpal as well as the periapical tissues. Factors like improper disinfection or obturation of the root canal space contributes to the failure of the root canal treatment. The aim of the study was to modify the contents of MTA-based sealer with nanoparticles and check for its antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis. Silver nanoparticles (10 nm) were incorporated in MTA based sealer at various concentrations to form the test product. The antibacterial efficacy of the modified sealer was tested by well diffusion test on E. faecalis. The zone of inhibition (mm) was checked for each test product. Analysis of the results showed significant diameters of zones of inhibition (mm) as compared to sealer without nanoparticles. The zone of inhibition increased with the increase in the concentration of silver nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticle incorporated sealer can be used in the clinical setup to prevent reinfection of the root canal system and ensure the success of the root canal treatment.


A simple apparatus is described that permits heat-flow characteristics of a sample to be determined, and its application to the determination of the thermal diffusivity or thickness of polymer films on a copper substrate is reported. The apparatus utilises the optoacoustic effect in which periodically interrupted radiation is absorbed by a solid sample to give rise to a similar periodic variation of the pressure of the air in contact with the sample surface in a closed cell. The amplitude and phase of the observed optoacoustic signal depend on the thermal diffusivity and thickness of the material irradiated.


The invention relates to a method for synthesizing a nanometer LiFePO4 lithium ion power battery cathode material by a ferric iron source. The method comprises the steps of: taking lithium source, ferric iron source and phosphorus source compounds as raw materials, performing material mixing according to the stoichiometric proportion of the materials, then adding a certain amount of combustion improver, and dissolving the mixture into water to form a solution or an emulsion with even dispersion; and carrying out spontaneous combustion on the solution or the emulsion to obtain a precursor of the cathode material, and then roasting the prepared precursor under inert atmosphere in a furnace to obtain the cathode material. The method adopts cheap ferric iron source as the raw material, has simple process and reduced cost, also has even particle size and element distribution, can prepare nanometer-grade particles, obviously reduce energy consumption, meet environmental requirement, is suitable for mass production, and greatly accelerates the industrialization process of the cathode material.


This brief paper examines some of the problems of interpretation of documents and procedures given in English faced by non-English seafarers, and suggests the use of 'controlled' English to simplify these problems. ' Speak English ', said the Eaglet, ' I don't know the meaning of half those long words, and what's more, I don't believe you do either. ' Alice's Adventures in Wonderland Lewis Carroll


This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of modulation techniques for three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverters, focusing on the following system aspects: EMI performance, neutral-point voltage ripple, and switching losses. The modulation techniques considered are: nearest three space vectors (NTSV), common-mode reduction (CMR), and common mode elimination (CME). After describing in detail their implementation, an in-depth theoretical analysis on EMI performance is presented based on the space vector sequences employed and the respective space vector dwelling times. Simulation and experimental results in both time and frequency domains are used to verify the techniques and show their effectiveness in terms of EMI noise reduction. An analytical calculation method for the NP voltage ripple is then presented and used to compare the voltage ripple generated by these modulation schemes; experimental results are used to verify the analysis. Lastly, this paper also presents an analytical loss calculation method, which shows that NTSV and CME are comparable in these terms, while CMR can reduce switching losses significantly.


In current health care management of floating population pregnant women,health care utilization rate does not reach the ideal level. Push service has been used as a key business in development and utilization of information resources for knowledge service institution,with initiative,customized,personalized,intelligent,dynamic and integrated characteristics. On the basis of analysis of current situation about the health care management of floating population pregnant women,the paper discussed the applications of push service. New thinking of application of push service to the health care management is put forward,The right aged women can be early linked through integrated mobile phone SMS,micro message interaction,email,channel type push and other means,and broad cover and whole course service management can be achieved,leading to the enhanced care utilization rate of floating population pregnant women.


Background: Uterine leiomyosarcoma is a rare uterine neoplasm with an extremely aggressive malignancy associated with a poor overall prognosis. When only methacronic hepatic metastases are presented surgical resection may be offered. Case Report: A 50-years old asymptomatic female patient who had undergone a posterior pelvic exenteration 3 years ago due ULMS, presented in follow-up examinations the appearance of exclusive liver metastases (after 1 year later from her follow-up). The resection of the lesions in single time was successfully proposed and performed by means of right hepatectomy and nonanatomical resection of the left lobe lesion. To date, two years after hepatic resection, she is alive without either symptoms or recurrence. Conclusion: Although Uterine LMS are rare and aggressive tumors with generally poor prognosis, the surgical treatment of metastatic liver lesions can offer not only a better long-term survival, but also attain more progression free survival, such as we have observed in this case report. The overall management of these cases must always be individualized in order to achieve optimal treatment.


Many are working on the productivity gap problem affecting the Electronic Design Automation. None of the current paths seems to be a silver bullet but object-oriented framework-based solutions such as SystemC are gaining a great deal of momentum and acceptance. Despite all the efforts which have been spent one the development of these types of solutions, as well as the numerous satellite tools which add a lot of value to the approach; very few efforts have been spent on the cornerstone task of investigating which software design techniques and technologies should be used to develop effective framework-based solutions. The main objective of the article is to present how new software engineering technologies may be used to create better framework-based modeling solutions by promoting separation of concerns between modeling and simulation aspects.


We compared the incidence of adverse events between single and divided‐dose regimens of methotrexate (MTX) by using a multicenter randomized controlled trial.


The wedge-diffraction problem is formulated in two ways: with the Helmholtz elliptic equation and the Leontovich parabolic equation. The wedge faces have different electromagnetic properties. One face is electric (with infinite electric conductivity), while the other is magnetic (with infinite magnetic conductivity). Exact and asymptotic solutions of these two equations are derived, analyzed, and compared. It is shown that the parabolic equation provides a correct high-frequency approximation for the diffracted field.


Kidney stone disease afflicts 1 in 11 people in the U.S. and burdens the economy with an annual treatment cost of over $10 billion. Nearly 80% of kidney stones are composed of calcium oxalate (CaOx) and form when humans are exposed to oxalate through the diet and endogenous glyoxylate metabolism in the liver. Recently, significant clinical interest has turned to the intestinal microbiome, specifically a class of "oxalotrophic" bacteria that degrade dietary oxalate in the intestine. These bacteria reduce the amount of oxalate absorbed by the body, lowering circulating and urinary oxalate, both which directly influence CaOx stone formation. One species in particular, Oxalobacter formigenes (Oxf), solely utilizes oxalate as an energy source and has the unique ability among oxalotrophs to transport endogenous oxalate from the bloodstream into the intestine to increase oxalate availability, allowing it to feed on both metabolic and dietary oxalate. The potential for Oxf as a probiotic therapy for kidney stone disease is currently being evaluated by numerous institutions. Compelling evidence demonstrates that Oxf produces some form of secreted bioactive compound to regulate oxalate transport proteins in the intestinal wall to bring oxalate across the epithelium. This compound, if identified, could potentially serve as a future therapy for kidney stone formation. This study seeks to identify this secreted factor through an Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry‐based characterization and comparison of the metabolome and lipidome of Oxf with other oxalotrophs that cannot initiate oxalate secretion, the rationale being that the bioactive compound(s) responsible for this function should be uniquely expressed by Oxf. We also present the first characterization of the Oxf metabolome and lipidome by comparing the human strain HC1 and the wild rat strain OxWR, both which have been shown to induce net intestinal oxalate secretion across native intestinal epithelial tissue. It is essential to elucidate the molecular nature of the Oxf‐host relationship to bring this bacterium and its metabolic products to the clinic as a novel approach to kidney stone disease.


Objective To evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety between an external stent and a Double J stent for pediatric Pyeloplasty. Methods Through a systematical search of multiple scientific databases in July 2022, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the primary outcomes of interest according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), whose protocol was registered with PROSPERO(CRD42021274087). Results Eleven studies involving 1,758 patients were included. No significant differences were observed in operative time (MD: 2.26; 95% CI −9.62 to 14.14; P = 0.79), operative success rate (OR: 1.10; 95% CI 0.57 to 2.10; P = 0.780), length of hospital stay (MD: 0.65; 95% CI −0.04 to 1.34; P = 0.063), or complications (OR: 0.87; 95%CI 0.48 to 1.56; P = 0.630) between external stents and DJ stents in pediatric pyeloplasty. According to the subgroup analysis, we found the external stent group had a shorter operative time than the DJ stent group in terms of robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty (MD: −17.13; 95% CI −32.8 to −1.45; P = 0.032). Conclusions There were no significant differences in operative time, operative success rate, length of hospital stay, or complications between external stents and DJ stents in pediatric pyeloplasty. The external stented procedure seemed to have less operative time when using robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty. However, due to the limitations of our analysis, more studies are still required to support our conclusion. Systematic review registration This systematic review has been registered on PROSPERO, the registration ID is CRD42021274087.


The object of this paper is to present a more appropriate element with a consistent formulation, yielding accurate stresses and strains.


This chapter considers two of the most personal forms of online attack – cyberbullying and cyberstalking. While not always technically criminal events, in some jurisdictions cyberbullying acts are offences, especially when they include direct threats or physical assault. Indeed Jewkes (2010) indicates that cyberbullying occupies "a grey area between social harms and illegal acts, depending on their severity and the legal jurisdiction in which they take place" (p. 526). Cyberstalking may also be included in the stalking laws of many jurisdictions. This chapter aims to determine if cyberbullying and cyberstalking are as severe as their offline counterparts, particularly from a psychological perspective. Case studies of both cyberbullying and cyberstalking are provided, along with definitions of both activities. Known prevalence rates of the phenomena are provided, although as with most types of criminal events, the true prevalence rates of these activities is unknown. Descriptions are provided of some of the techniques used during cyberbullying and cyberstalking attacks, and differences between online and traditional stalking and bullying are considered. The demographic and psychological traits of cyberstalkers and cyberbullies are described, along with the traits of their victims, and the psychological effects of victimisation. Possible solutions for these problems are considered, including both preventative measures and suitable responses. Finally, potential future trends in the area are considered, including the possible use of online gaming and social networking sites for harassment, as well as the underexamined phenomenon of workplace cyberbullying.


Abstract : Leadership changes in the Communist hierarchy are expected with the approaching 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in February 1976. This paper examines the unique position of Marshal A. A. Grechko, Minister of Defense of the Soviet Union, who currently enjoys unprecedented power by combining his leadership of the vast Soviet Armed Forces with his membership on the Politburo of the Communist Party. Since Marshal Grechko is 74 years old and has been in the Soviet Army since 1919, he is obviously due for retirement in the near future. This situation prompts the author's speculative search into the Soviet High Command to identify the most likely successor to Marshal Grechko.


This study examined 52 cultivars of pawpaw (Asimina triloba) grown at three locations in southwestern Ohio, of which 24 fit into previously identified genetic groups based on simple sequence repeat markers, harvested from 2005-2012. The harvest duration ranged from 31 days in 2005 to 74 days in 2010, and most of the fruit was harvested in Sept. A frequency analysis of average FW conducted for all cultivars revealed that average FW was normally distributed. The average FW ranged from 10 g ('Cullman Late') to 244 g ('Davis'), but of the more prolific cultivars the average FW ranged from 72 g ('Rappahannock') to 172 g ('NC-1'). Average FW and total number of fruit collected were negatively correlated (r = -0.21, p < 0.001). FW was not affected by location. Genetically similar cultivars were compared based on previously identified groupings. Cultivars assigned to the Susquehanna and Overleese genetic groups had significantly higher average FW and harvest length than other genetic groups. Results of this study expand research on pawpaw production and allow growers to select cultivars with market potential based on factors such as fruit size, yield, and harvest duration. The pawpaw (Asimina triloba) is the largest fruit native to North America. It has a vast native growing range that spans 26 states corresponding to U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) plant hardiness zones 5-8 (Galli et al., 2007). The family Annonaceae, to which pawpaw belongs, contains over 2,400 species, all of which are tropical or subtropical except for pawpaw, making the temperate-growing fruit unique. Moreover, pawpaw trees are exclusive in that they are the only species of the 10 in the genus Asimina to produce a commercially viable fruit. Pawpaw trees are shrub-like, understory trees that can grow up to 12 meters tall. They have long membranous leaves and maroon flowers that produce clusters of up to nine fruit in late summer to early fall (Geneve et al., 2003; Pomper and Layne, 2005). However, pawpaw flowers are likely self-unfruitful, making pollination an important factor that could limit commercial possibilities (Layne, 1996; Willson and Schemske, 1980). In addition, the normal bloom period of pawpaw flowers can last up to 4 weeks, resulting in an elongated harvest period in the fall which requires more labor and time intensive harvesting techniques (Pomper et al., 2008a). In the early 1900s, the pawpaw was considered for increased commercialization efforts as a native, North American cash crop, but these efforts did not materialize (Pomper and Layne, 2005). Over the next 60 years, over four dozen pawpaw cultivars were named. However, because of neglect or abandonment only a few of these remain, which potentially could have eroded the genetic base of current pawpaw cultivars. Since then, breeders and hobbyists have increased efforts to domesticate the pawpaw. One result of this effort has been the establishment of the official Asimina satellite repository of the USDA National Clonal Germplasm Repository (Corvallis, OR) at Kentucky State University and the development of the Pawpaw Regional Variety Trial (Pomper et al., 2008b; 2


The genetic engineering of organ-donor animals to decrease the risk of human immune system rejection poses ethical and psychological challenges to the long-held boundary between humans and other animal species. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.


It cost Aylesford Newsprint some £125,000 to prepare and submit its IPPC application - in addition to the indirect costs of management time, etc. But the mill is using IPPC methodology to optimise its performance - by using BAT to increase yield and reduce the cost of waste management. For example, By segregating mill sludges and tackling the DIP fine sludge issue, the mill is recovering 1600 tpy of water. Moreover, polymer costs for the DAF plant have been reduced by 43% - because the segregated filtrate, which replaces white water, is lower in suspended solids. The sludge generated by DIP flotation accounts for the mill's largest loss of water, chemicals, fibre and fillers. ○ The replacement of a tertiary coarse screen with BAT has brought: an increased fibre yield of 12tpd; and savings of 11% in energy and 600 tpd of water. IPPC methodology is akin to best management practice, i.e. to optimise business performance by BAT. But to reap these benefits, there is a need for a paradigm shift in thinking about environmental management, at executive level. 7th PIRA International Recycling Technology Conference, Brussels, 2002.


The design of dual wavelength polarizers presents a challenge if a cube configuration is not practical. If the two wavelengths are sufficiently far apart, the design can consist of a quarterwave stack reflector centered between the two wavelengths. This necessitates the proper selection of refractive indices. Further design flexibility can be obtained by introducing spacer layers which result in a Fabry-Perot type of performance. Design techniques are discussed and applied to the following spectral requirements:


Exosomes, extracellular vesicles <150 nm, are vehicles for transporting information (i.e., cargo) allowing tissue to tissue communication. Depending on the cargo, exosomes can have beneficial or detrimental effects. Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic organ that modulates metabolism. BAT is also an endocrine organ affecting function of various distant tissue. We have recently shown that BAT is an important modulator of the healthy and diseased heart. Adipose tissue is a large source of circulating exosomes, but the effects of BAT and changing BAT activity on circulating exosome number and cargo are unknown. Identifying the role of BAT in modulating exosome number and cargo is important since the myocardium is highly responsive to exosomes. We used various known approaches that increase BAT activity (cold exposure, BATcold) or decrease BAT activity (BAT removal (BATless), obesity (HFD), aging (old)) and examined the number and content of circulating exosomes. Upon BAT activation via cold exposure, there was a large increase in circulating exosome numbers (see figure). All approaches that results in decreased BAT activity resulted in a decrease in circulating exosome numbers (see figure). We further examined the role of changing BAT activity on the content (i.e., cargo) of the exosomes, specifically focusing on miRNA. Interestingly, changing BAT activity resulted in large changes to the content of the exosomes, with some miRNA increasing levels and other miRNA decreasing levels. Some of these identified miRNA have been shown to exert beneficial effects on the heart and many miRNA having no defined effect on cardiac function. We believe that these BAT activated exosomes have the combination and proportion of circulatory miRNA necessary to enhance and maintain heart function. There is a great need for new strategies and approaches for treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Our data suggest that a novel treatment strategy for CVD can be derived from BAT exosomes.


This paper describes an underwater wheeled robot designed to search for a chemical source under stagnant flow conditions. In the absence of the flow, the released chemical stays in the immediate vicinity of the source. Therefore, no chemical is detected even if the robot is only a few centimeters away from the source. Crayfish in search for food are known to actively generate water currents using their maxillipeds, i.e., the fanning appendages. The generated flow field draws odor samples from distant places to the chemoreceptors. The proposed robot generates water currents by waving small arms that mimic the crayfish maxillipeds. Electrochemical sensors with four carbon working electrodes detect the collected chemical substance. Depending on the direction of the chemical source, the patch of a chemical substance was drawn to a different sensor. Experimental results are presented to show that the flow field generated by waving maxilliped-like arms is more effective in enhancing chemical reception than that generated by a pump. The proposed crayfish robot can localize a chemical source with high success rate if the source is placed within the range in which the generated water currents can draw chemical substance to the sensors.


Although chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by Th2 inflammation, the mechanism underlying the onset and amplification of this inflammation has not been fully elucidated. Dendritic cells (DCs) are major antigen‐presenting cells, central inducers of adaptive immunity and critical regulators of many inflammatory diseases. However, the presence of DCs in CRS, especially in nasal polyps (NPs), has not been extensively studied.


Disclosed is a key sheet that is integrally provided with a light guiding sheet, and that has a plurality of lighting areas, wherein a technology is provided that does not make light leaks from the borders between the lighting areas tend to occur, and that achieves high durability even in repeated pressing operations. An opening edge at the operation face side of a slit (15a) provided on the light guiding sheet (15) was made to be covered with a blindfolding layer (14). Light leaking from the end face of the light guiding sheet (15), which comprises the slit (15a), can be prevented from radiating outside from the opening edge of the slit (15a) by the blindfolding layer (14). Furthermore, the durability of a base sheet (12) is able to be improved, because a surface sheet (13) that covers the slit (15a) by adhering to the light guiding sheet (15), and a back face covering section (19) are also provided.


There is no availability of English vocabulary list for Grade 10 students in Thailand. This study, therefore, aimed: 1) to clarify English vocabulary expectation of Grade 10 defined in the Basic Education Core Curriculum B.E. 2551 (A.D. 2008) and 2) to create an English vocabulary list for Grade 10 students. Five steps adopted in obtaining the list were: 1) clarifying the vocabulary expectation of Grade 10, 2) gathering running words from three samples of English course texts of Grade 10, 3) identifying the total running words with New General Service List (NGSL) through AntWordProfiler for the first list, 4) validating the first list by three English experts of Grade 10 to confirm the appropriateness of words and ranks and 5) creating the final list. From analyzing of 89,288 running words, it was revealed that 2,023 word families were found in three sample texts and only 1,123 word families obtained at least six repetitions, although Grade 10 expectation is 2,600-2,750 words. The remaining words of NGSL and words with lower than six repetitions, therefore, were validated by experts and added to the list in order to meet the expectation. Implications of the 2,780 words of Grade 10 vocabulary can be made for use in pedagogy and research.


The field experiments of planting density of "xianyv 508" maize at Zheng'an in 2011.The results showed that planting density of "xianyv 508" maize should be between 52 500~60 000 plants/hm2.


An aseptic filling device for a carbonated beverage is provided with filling valves (11), a rotary joint for liquid, a filling-liquid tank (54), a liquid level sensor (63), a liquid flow rate regulating valve (58), a container gripper, a gas discharge path (37c), a valve (34c) for opening and closing the gas discharge path, a counter-gas path (37a), a valve (34a) for opening and closing the counter-gas path, a rotary joint for carbon oxide gas, a carbon oxide gas path, and a flow rate meter (26).  A container (8) conveyed and rotated is caused to make contact with a filling valve (11), the container is sealed by a container mouth seal, and the container is filled under the pressure of the carbon oxide gas.  A sterilizing filter (56) for sterilizing the carbon oxide gas is mounted in a carbon oxide gas path (72) for interconnecting a rotary joint and the filling-liquid tank (54).


Dielectrics can be used to store electric energy in capacitors and high-energy density of the materials is desirable to reduce the size or weight of capacitors. To improve the energy storage properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene–chlorofluoroethylene) [P(VDF–TrFE–CFE)] terpolymer, P(VDF–TrFE–CFE)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blends were investigated in this study. By adding a small amount of PMMA into PVDF terpolymer (<5 wt%), the dielectric breakdown field of the blends can be improved as a result of the enhancement of elastic modulus of the blends. For the blends with <2.5 wt% PMMA, though their dielectric properties are reduced, under the same electric field, the energy density of the blends is almost the same as that of PVDF terpolymer. Consequently, the energy storage performance of the terpolymer can be improved by blending with a small amount of PMMA.


A floating dummy trench gate IGBT (FDT-IGBT) has been proposed through experimental demonstration. It is shown that the FDT-IGBT is very efficient in low stray inductance, high frequency and relatively high voltage operations which are desirable in HEV/EV system. The proposed chip shows improved trade-off relationship between turn-on di/dt and Eon, and effective di/dt controllability with variations of Rgon without sacrificing turn-off and on-state performance when compared to the conventional grounded dummy trench gate IGBT (GDT-IGBT). In addition, its much lower surge current during short circuit turn-on, enhances short circuit robustness.


Abstract The present investigation aimed to understand the effects of dressing fertilizers and different nitrogen (N) doses on yield and nutrient uptake of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) plant. The study has been carried out with three repetitions under the greenhouse conditions. Nitrogen doses were; 0 kg N ha-1, 30 kg N ha-1, 60 kg N ha-1, 90 kg N ha-1 and 120 kg N ha-1 (in CaNO3.4H2O form) and dressing fertilizers were applied as 40 kg N ha-1. The results indicated that the dressing fertilizer application significantly increased average shoot dry weight with 8.18 g poƒ-1. Also, N (2.88 % N), P (0.40 % P), K (3.90 % K) and Fe (114.2 mg kg-1) concentrations increased with dressing fertilizer application of chickpea plant as compared to without dressing fertilizer application. However, dressing fertilizer application did not affect Mg, Zn, Mn and Cu concentrations of chickpea plant. Generally, in this study dressing fertilizer application increased yield and some macro and microelements concentrations of chickpea plant.


We model demand for non-binding commitments—such as promises, diets, and deadlines—that people can and often do break in the presence of temptations. Our model explains why such commitments can be desirable even when they are too weak to resist spontaneous temptations. Our findings agree with some empirical patterns in abstention and procrastination. Formally, we extend Gul and Pesendorfer's (2001) model of costly self-control to three time periods and characterize a special parametric form for the temptation utility at the interim stage. This form is interpreted in terms of the agent's self-deception—an urge that combines anticipation of future temptations and a desire to rationalize deviations from the normative perspective. The parametric utility representation in our model is derived in an essentially unique way from axioms imposed on choice behavior.


The efficiency and safety issues caused by cell differences are the key factor to hinder the use of retired batteries. The reconfigurable battery technique is an effective method to break through the bottleneck. However, the potential short-circuit paths increase exponentially with the number of cells, which makes manual analysis unapplicable and brings serious risks in large scale reconfigurable battery systems. Existing researches are about topology and energy efficiency optimization, but the problem of short circuit is ignored. In this article, a systematic approach based on the sneak circuit theory is proposed to fundamentally avoid the short-circuit problem of reconfigurable battery systems. A novel sneak circuit theory based approach is creating a short circuit path table, which will be indexed to avoid connecting the anode and cathode of a battery cell/string. In addition, all the paths are further studied and analyzed, and the simplest path table can be obtained to improve the energy efficiency. To validate the theoretical foundation and feasibility of proposed approach, a reconfigurable battery system containing two kinds of batteries is developed. All experimental results well verify the effectiveness and feasibility of proposed approach. This work provides theoretical foundation for avoiding short-circuit paths in reconfigurable battery systems, which will break through the bottleneck in scale application.


The ancient, Greek concept of upbringing, paideiia, was oriented towards full mental development of a person on one hand and – on the other – on affirming in such a way given community of political as well as civilizational purposes. Questions about its essence and significance reappear nowadays in the context of disputes on education. Two main currents are usually indicated in contemporary philosophy of upbringing: axiocentrism and paidocentrism. The first in the center of all pedagogical efforts situates community and the system of values that this community recognizes. The child is to be introduced in this axiology. Such approach may be considered traditionalist and conservative. The second current is child-centred and focused on all form of self-expression the child desires. This approach is considered as related to liberal-emancipation direction in social life. Despite all the differences between those approaches, designed didactical process is in both of them the result of a holistic thinking about human being and the philosophy of upbringing is the result of a specific philosophy of a human. In the article I tend to show this descending character od philosophical approach to upbringing, ergo how the concept of human nature as good, bad or ambivalent going through subsequent degrees of theoretical systematization end up responding to particular and detailed issues, such as physical punishments. My goal is to make comprehensible especially the traditional, conservative philosophy of upbringing (axiocentrism).


The article presents an experience developed with upper undergraduate microeconomics students which consists of reading selected classical articles on key microeconomics topics rather than attending typical lectures. The paper has two main goals. First, to give a detailed account of the structure for an upper-intermediate microeconomics course based on students reading original research articles. The presentation emphasizes the aspects which may help instructors when implementing the approach to other courses. Second, in order to evaluate the proposed method, the paper determines whether student learning improves with such an approach. Besides, the paper's results also allow instructors to determine what kind of article is more appropriate for upper-undergraduate students in microeconomics.


Does microbiota differ in semen samples with normal and abnormal parameters?

 The higher prevalence of obligate anaerobes and lactobacilli was more typical for semen samples with abnormal parameters compared to samples with normozoospermia.

 For a long time, semen in healthy men was considered to be sterile, and the detection of microorganisms was associated with pathologies. More recently, it has been shown that microbiota can be present in semen samples with normal semen parameters. Some researchers, usually using 16S RNA sequencing, cautiously suggested that certain microbial groups could be associated with norm and pathology.

 825 semen samples from men who came to the "Garmonia" Medical Center (Yekaterinburg, Russia) seeking preconception care in 2019-2021, were included in the study. Depending on the spermiograms results, the samples were divided into two groups: Group 1 – normozoospermia (n = 350), Group 2 – samples with abnormal parameters (n = 475).

 Semen microbiota was analyzed by real-time PCR Androflor kit (DNA Technology, Russia).
 Detection rates of 18 bacteria/bacterial groups and 4 consolidated groups of microorganisms (obligate anaerobes (OA), gram-positive facultative anaerobes (GPFA), gram-negative facultative anaerobes GNFA), and mycoplasmas) were compared in Group 1 and Group 2. Two-tailed Fisher's exact test was performed to check the significance of the differences.

 Bacterial DNA was detected more often in the samples with abnormal spermiograms (Group 2) than in normozoospermia samples (Group 1): 79.6% and 73.4% respectively (p = 0.045). There was no difference in detection rates of GPFA, GNFA and mycoplasmas in both groups, whereas the detection rate of OA was significantly higher in Group 2 samples than in Group 1 (44.0% and 36.3%, respectively, p = 0.026).
 When analyzing the detection rate of different bacteria/bacterial groups we registered significant differences for 7 of them. For all the groups, the higher detection rate was associated with Group 2 (abnormal semen samples). In these samples, the detection rate of lactobacilli was 23.4% (compared to 13.7% in Group 1, p < 0.001), Megasphaera spp./Veillonella spp./Dialister spp. – 21.1 (12.0% in Group 1, p = 0.001), Bacteroides spp./Porphyromonas spp./Prevotella spp. – 26.7% (17.1% in Group 1, p = 0.001), Anaerococcus spp. – 15.2% (9.7% in Group 1, p = 0.021), Peptostreptococcus spp./Parvimonas spp. – 18.1% (12.3% in Group 1, p = 0.026), Eubacterium spp. – 24.8% (18.9% in Group 1, p = 0.043).

 Androflor PCR kit uses the 103 genome-equivalent/ml threshold for most of the target microbial groups; samples with lower DNA level are considered as negative. Hence, it is possible that the results may be different when using another threshold.

 Further research should determine the microbiota variants in semen samples with different abnormalities, such as asthenozoospermia, leukospermia, etc. These findings could expand our understanding of the contribution made by specific microorganisms to diseases, which potentially could lead to the development of new therapeutic options or improvement of the existing ones.

 Ethics Committee of Ural State Medical University (Protocol № 7 dated September 20, 2019)


This book is about the measurement of Compartment pressure in close fracture tibia that has been treated by tibial interlock nailing. I am graduate of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad Pakistan. This book was written in partial fulfillment for the fellowship of College of Physicians and surgeons of Pakistan.


The problem of parameterization of few-group neutron cross-sections is addressed. The objective of the work is to create an automated tool for parameterization, consisting of the following essential parts: approximation of a smooth function of an arbitrary number of dimensions; built-in approximation error characterization; capability of analysis for the obtained dependencies; and library optimization. A methodology fulfilling the requirements above and based on randomized quasi-regression is considered. In the present work the parameterization technique is illustrated with an example of generating a library for the OECD PBMR-400 MW transient benchmark. With some small changes the methodology can potentially be applied for any reactor type as a powerful diagnostic tool of analysis for cross-section dependencies. Results show that a practical library representation can be obtained with accurate error estimations * Corresponding author, firstname.lastname@example.com Tel: +27 (012) 305 5624; Fax: +27 (012) 305 5166.


Infixing and interposing are relatively new derivational processes in English, first attested in the early twentieth century. For most of the last century, the insert in items like absofuckinglutely and no fucking way — in both cases, -fucking— carries no lexical meaning but serves as an "emotional stress amplifier" (McMillan 1980). However, I have found many late-twentieth-century infixings and interposings whose inserts are lexically meaningful and variously motivated, though they may also amplify emotional stress of a sort (Adams 2009, 127–44). For instance, in the animated short feature "Movie Night" (Chimendez 2005), one of the Cheat Commando Adventures, we encounter this conversational exchange:


Recently Britten has proven an analog of Goldie's the- orem for the Jordan ring S of symmetric elements in a ring with involu- tion of characteristic not 2. In this paper we first extend Britten's the- orem to the situation where R is an arbitrary ring and the Jordan ring is only an ample subring of the symmetric elements. We apply this result to show that if S has ACC on quadratic ideals, then the (Jordan) nil radi- cal of S is nilpotent.


With methods of amperometric titrating and spectrophotometric analysis of compounds of iridium (III) and (IV), and method of cathodic polarisation curves the influence of chemical and electrochemical activation of an iridic electrolyte on the mechanism of electrodeposition of iridium on gallium arsenide was studied. It is shown that after oxidative processing of the electrolyte with anodic current on cathodic polarisation curves at current density up to 1-10 mA/сm 2 an initial plot, displaced to the positive area, appears. Its presence and analytic data testify on the reduction at these current densities of iridium (IV) to iridium (III). There is no such a plot after reduction processing of the iridic electrolyte with cathodic current.


The city of Belo Horizonte was established in the 1890s as the capital of the State of Minas Gerais becoming the first modern "planned" city in Brazil. Streets were laid out on a broadly spaced grid to create a pleasant living environment and facilitate the construction of houses and laying of pipes, and space was dedicated to squares and parks. Chief engineer, Aarão Reis, foresaw a broad sub-urban fringe around the city, as a transition between the urban and the "natural" environment that would also contain unlimited urban growth.


The invention relates to a granular sugar-free table sweetener compounded by xylo-oligosaccharide, comprising the following components: 5-11 percent of xylo-oligosaccharide, 20-28 percent of xylitol, 60-74 percent of oligoisomaltose and 0.81-1.68 percent of sucralose. The process comprises the following steps of: respectively adding 6 percent of oligoisomaltose and sucralose into a heating vessel; respectively adding deionized water for mixing, raising the temperature and dissolving; respectively adding active carbon in the solution, filtering while the solution is hot and respectively collecting filtrate to a liquid storage tank; feeding a mixed material obtained by crushing the xylo-oligosaccharide, the xylitol and the oligoisomaltose from the bottom of a spraying fluidized bed at positive pressure into a bed and accelerating to flow the mixed material from bottom to top; applying negative pressure at the upper part of the spraying fluidized bed to vibrate from top to bottom so as to ensure that the materialvertically boils in the bed; continuously spraying and dispersing the refined sucralose to a microfine sugar alcohol body by using a multipoint spray gun at the lateral side of the fluidized bed; pumping an oligoisomaltose solution; and continuously spraying and drying to obtain the sugar-free table sweetener, wherein the sweetness of the products is 5-11 times of that of common sucrose.


Due to the capability to effectively deal with changing demand and uncertainty, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) emerge as a paradigm for manufacturers to face challenges in the real business environment based on dynamic configuration of resources such as machines and robots. CPS relies on the development of an effective mechanism to make resources collaborate to meet the requirements of production processes. How to develop a mechanism for dynamic configuration of resources in CPS is an important issue. Motivated by this need, this paper aims to propose a methodology to support dynamic teaming between resources such as machines and robots in CPS. In this paper, we propose a method to achieve dynamic teaming of resources in CPS based on evolutionary computation approach and multi-agent system (MAS) architecture. To facilitate specification of production process and capabilities of resources, a modeling method based on Petri nets is adopted. A problem is formulated to meet the requirements of production processes based on Petri net models. Two evolutionary computation algorithms, one based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) approach and the other based on binary Differential Evolution (DE) approach, have been developed to solve the problem. We illustrate and compare effectiveness of the proposed algorithms by examples.


The methodology developed to assess level of service (LOS) on US-1 in the Florida Keys is presented. Although US-1 is predominantly an uninterrupted-flow two-lane roadway in the Keys, its uniqueness warrants an LOS evaluation different than that found in the 1985 Highway Capacity Manual (HCM). US-1 extends from Key West to the Florida mainland with no major roads intersecting it. Furthermore, no other principal arterial serves the Keys or the Keys' resident and tourist population of well over 100,000. Its unique geography, land use patterns, and trip-making characteristics presented a challenge in developing and applying a reasonable and acceptable method of assessing its LOS. A uniform method was developed to assess LOS on US-1 to cover both its overall arterial length from Key West to the Florida mainland and 24 delineated roadway segments. The methodology, which employs average travel speed as the main measure of effectiveness, was developed from basic principles, criteria, and speed relationships contained in Chapters 7 (Rural Multilane Highways), 8 (Rural Two-Lane Highways), and 11 (Urban and Suburban Arterials) of the 1985 HCM. The results of the study correlate well with perceived operating conditions on US-1, and over a 2-year period the methodology appears to have a good level of reliability. The authors recommend that for uninterrupted flow conditions in developed areas (e.g., in communities and along beaches), Chapter 8 of the 1985 HCM incorporate average travel speed as the main measure of effectiveness to determine LOS.


In this paper we present a sparsity based reconstruction method for large source localization problem. The proposed method transforms unknown source function from nonsparse spatial domain to sparse wavelet domain, then combines soft thresholding algorithm with conjugate gradient method to solve the inverse source problem in the wavelet domain. Numerical results verify the feasibility of the proposed method for large source reconstruction.


Abstract This article seeks to understand the experience of Tibetan youth in exile in India on three interlinked registers: the first is premised on the context in which they are in exile. The second register examines their experience of this process itself. Finally, the article seeks to understand how youth deal with their experience of being 'single' (being separated from family left behind in Tibet) as well as of being 'alone' in an unfamiliar and alien context. For these youth, the quest for recovery of self that appears to have been traumatised through physical separation both from the family and from the national territory is located in the pursuit of academic knowledge, certification and employment opportunities. Based on interviews conducted with Tibetan youth in Delhi and Dharamshala in northern India, this article also seeks to engage with Agamben's idea of the 'bare life' and simultaneously with understanding the possibilities of human agency in the face of loss of statehood and personal freedom.


Structure, functions and borders of housing and communal services activity of municipal foundation, mechanism of cooperation of participants of housing and communal services in the investment process were investigated.


In this paper, we calculate the weight of each index through the entropy weight method and perform a regression analysis to obtain the WRSR value representing the comprehensive strength index (CSI). In addition, based on the salary distribution model, we use the linear asteroid mineral investment model to look forward to the future development trend. Finally, we use the gray prediction model GM(1,1) to predict the proportion of each condition in the next 10 years, and the future change with time is obtained by polynomial fitting.


The use of Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) for navigation purposes is constantly growing and they are increasingly being considered as the core dynamic sensing device for Inertial Navigation Systems (INS). However, these systems are characterized by sensor errors that can affect the navigation precision of these devices and consequently a proper calibration of the sensors is required. The first step in this direction is usually taken by evaluating the deterministic type of errors, such as bias and scale factor, which can be taken into account through known physical models. The second step consists in finding an appropriate model to describe the stochastic nature of the sensor errors. The focus of this paper is related to the second of such calibration procedures. Indeed, we propose an automatic model selection approach which is particularly appropriate when we observe/collect several independent replicates of the error signal of interest. In short, the proposed approach relies on the Generalized Methods of Wavelet Moments (GMWM) and the Wavelet Variance Information Criterion (WVIC), where we proposed a procedure to compute a Cross-Validation (CV) like estimator of the goodness-of-fit of a candidate model. This estimator provides by construction a tradeoff between model fit and model complexity, therefore allowing rank all candidate models and select the one (or the ones) that appears to be the most appropriate for the task of stochastic sensor calibration.


During the 1962–63 academic year, Richard Feynman taught a course at Caltech on gravitation. Taking an untraditional approach to the subject, Feynman aimed the course at advanced graduate students and postdoctoral fellows who were familiar with the methods of relativistic quantum field theory—in particular, with Feynman-diagram perturbation theory in quantum electrodynamics. Two of the postdocs, Fernando B. Morinigo and William G. Wagner, wrote up notes for the course. These were typed, and copies were sold in the Caltech bookstore for many years. The notes were not published, but they were widely distributed, and because of their unique insights into the foundations of physics, they had a significant influence on many of the people who read them. Morinigo and Wagner performed a great service by preserving so well this piece of Feynman's legacy. Now, thanks to the efforts of Brian Hatfield, the lectures are finally being published in this volume, and so are becoming readily available to a broader audience and to posterity. In preparing the notes for publication, Hatfield has corrected minor errors and improved the notation, but otherwise has adhered to the original typescript prepared by Morinigo and Wagner. (Only two brief passages were deleted.) Feynman delivered 27 lectures in all, one each week over the full 1962–63 academic year. The class met in a tiny room with just two rows of seats, on the third floor of Caltech's East Bridge Laboratory; no more than 15 people attended a typical lecture. (At least two of the students attending, James Bardeen and James Hartle, later made significant contributions of their own to gravitation theory.) The lectures were taped, but because they were highly informal, Morinigo and Wagner found it necessary to revise the material substantially in order to produce a readable set of notes. For the most part, Wagner worked on the mathematical presentation and Morinigo worked on the prose. The resulting notes were then reviewed by Feynman, he made various corrections and additions, and the notes were distributed to the students. The notes are pervaded by Feynman's spirit and are sprinkled with his jokes, but inevitably his idiosyncratic use of language has been only partially preserved.


[Objective]The trial was conducted to screen out high-efficient and low-toxic nematicide to provide scientific references for Tylenchulus semipenetrans control. [Method]Six nematicides viz., fosthiazate 10%GR, 2.5×108 living conidia/g Verticillium chlamydosporium MG, avermectin 0.5%GR, avermectin 24.5%EC, ethoprophos 10%GR, and 2×108 salt bacteria/g +0.5% avermectin GR were experimented to compare their control efficacy on citrus Tylenchulus semipenetrans in the field after 30 days of spray treatment. [Result]The result showed that the six tested nematicides were highly efficient to Tylenchulus semipenetrans in soil and root with over 50% control efficacy, among which the control efficacy of fosthiazate 10%GR was the highest (80%), followed by avermectin 24.5%EC and 2.5×108 living conidia/g Verticillium chlamydosporium MG (70-75%). [Conclusion]Fosthiazate 10%GR, avermectin 24.5%EC and 2.5×108 living conidia/g Verticillium chlamydosporium MG had good control effect on citrus Tylenchulus semipenetrans with no detrimental effect on citrus growth, therefore they can be extendedly applied in citrus production.


A drive unit (10) sequentially selects one drive line from multiple drive lines of a touch input device, and applies a drive voltage to the selected drive line. A voltage detection unit (20) sequentially selects one sensing line from multiple sensing lines and detects the output voltage of the selected sensing line. A computation/control unit (40) obtains the resistance value of a pressure-sensitive resistor disposed at a position where the selected drive line and the selected sensing line intersect on the basis of the drive voltage and the output voltage. The drive unit (10) applies a bias voltage that is equal to zero or that is lower than the drive voltage to the drive lines other than the selected drive line.


This paper deals with the development of a Knowledge Based Engineering (KBE) methodology for supporting a manufacturing company, in particular railway manufacturers, in their analyses for reusing existing products in new projects. The proposed methodology is based on the development of a Decision Support System (DSS) and the use of an analysis, called Adopt/Adapt/Innovate (AAI), aimed at identifying products already designed that fully or partly fit what required by new bids. The DSS is built within a PLM software and part of the research concentrated on comparing the PLM suites available in the market searching for the best tool able to act the role of a centralized management dashboard for knowledge reuse. DSS and AAI analysis are the base for future research activities for obtaining a KBE system that automatically models complex railway products starting from the customer requirements, drastically reducing the time to market.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


The present invention aims at extracting, separating and purifying the active components of Maka as one natural plant to obtain extractive with several medicinal and health care values. Fresh or dried Maka root material is extracted and separated to obtain active components and extracted residue. The active components includes glucosinolate and its decomposed product isothiocynate in 10-90 wt%,Maka amide and Maka olefin 5-70 wt% and sterol 2-30 wt%. The active components may be further prepared into capsule, tablet, and delayed releasing forms, and the prepared medicine and health food have the functions of treating climacteric syndrome, strengthening male's and female's sexuality, improving sexual function, etc.


Introduction: the hospital environment favors the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance, being important the aseptic environment and the control of carriers for reducing these infections. Species of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to antibiotics became a cosmopolitan problem due to its degree of virulence and the association with various diseases. These opportunistic microorganisms are usually found in the nasal cavities witch develop rapidly in the asymptomatic patients and, once reaching the hands, may spread rapidly among those patients who are in a state of immunosuppression. Objetive: therefore, this study aimed to identify the presence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the nostrils of health professionals in Campina Grande-PB. Methodology: for this purpose, it was collected 50 samples of nasal health professionals who had clinically healthy, with no sign of staphylococcal infection. Results: it was found that 28 of the 50 samples, or 56% were positive for S. aureus, and 12/28 samples (42.86%) were resistant to oxacillin and is therefore considered MRSA. Conclusion: the high levels of S. aureus among health professionals may contribute to the spread of this pathogen among immunosuppressed patients and, therefore, are necessary and essential preventive measures such as hand hygiene and nasal decolonization of MRSA carriers from those with mupirocin.


This study identifies a set of misconceptions about distance education among high school teachers in Mashonaland Central of Zimbabwe. These misconceptions were verified quantitatively with 60 systematic randomly selected high school teachers who guide students on tertiary enrolment selection. Data were collected using questionnaire and interview and analysed using simple percentages and content analysis. The findings showed that the misconceptions which had higher ranking values among the respondents were: ODL is an opportunistic form of learning for average or less intelligent students (60 or 100%); ODL as a mode of learning with low quality assurance (58 or 96.7%); ODL as inferior form of learning since it is technologymediated (56 or 93.3%) and less vigorous in comparison with the conventional mode of learning (56 or 93.3%). The study recommended, among others, that marketing and workshops should be organized for high school teachers, and high school students on the importance of distance learning at tertiary level.


Increasing the use of drugs all over the world and our country has become a very important social problem, making legal obligations necessary. Probation Implementation (PI) refers to the correction of the conduct of criminals causing criminal acts, the prevention of repeat offenses, the follow-up of prisoners, the rehabilitation of substance abusers, the elimination of the harm suffered by the victims, and the protection of the society in this way. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the substance use characteristics of people who applied to our hospital within the scope of PI law. 313 cases, applying to Adiyaman University, Training and Research Hospital, all of whom were decided to have PI on 01.01.2017-31.12.2017 were included in the study. PI was carried out by having psychiatric interview and evaluating psychoactive substance in urine in three-time and six-time programs. It was determined that totally 313 cases applied as required by PI during the study. These cases consist of people, 298 of whom were male and 15 of whom were female. Mean age was determined as 26.2±6.8 (15-55). It was also observed that 251 cases (80.2%) completed three-times program and 62 (19.8%) cases completed six-times program. According to the number of programs, there was no significant difference in terms of gender distribution and ethyl glucuronide positivity in two groups (p>0.05). PI, which is a fairly new practice in Turkey, has an important place in the care of substance users. In terms of gender distribution, results were consistent with studies in the literature. Alcohol comorbidities in PI-applied individuals are noteworthy.


Abstract In this paper, a visual servo control for a mobile robot evolving in intensive farming environments consisting of rows of fruit trees is presented. The calculation of the current position of the robot is based on the perspective lines that define the navigation's path. These lines are obtained through the processing of visual images captured by the robot. The image is segmented using statistical techniques based on the analysis of the color characteristics and the spatial distribution of the descriptive points of the path. The perspective lines are determined through the Hough transform, which describe mathematically the navigation environment. Based on these lines, the relative position of the vehicle in the grove alleyway is calculated and a kinematics control algorithm is designed for the autonomous navigation along the corridor. The stability of the resulting control system is proved based on the Lyapunov theory. The experimental results in an environment of growing olive trees shows a good performance of the system design.


Price Indexes are considered as one of the oldest criteria to assess the economic changes. So high important have them in economic planning, it would be practical and helpful for economists to analyse the price indexes. In order to improve the quality of this statistics, both in terms of accuracy and reliability, Statistical Center of Iran (SCI) have been using custom's administrative data source and integration methods with current surveys to produce price indexes of import and export merchandises based on baseyear 2012 and international HS classification system since 2015. In this classification, the hierarchy code is given based on ingredients, level of dispensation, application and economic activity type which include 21 main classes, 98 sub-classes, 1241 title and 5113 subtitles respectively. Meanwhile, there are some significant challenges when HS classification is used for producing price indexes of import and export merchandises. Conventionally, Price Indexes has been used for monitoring price fluctuation that fundamentally has different dimensions of statistical variables comprising tariff code, product value on both internal and external currencies, country of origin, transportation type, average currency exchange rate and date of the entrance to the country/destination. Clearly, each 8-digit code with above mentioned attributes covers a group of merchandises which are less in common with others in conventional survey and price index calculation. Practically, real price fluctuations cannot be assessable precisely when the price of some merchandise goes up and some others go down in the same group. This might lead to wrong estimation of real price changes. In this paper, new methods will be proposed so as to reach an efficient and practical solution for precise measurement of merchandises' price in the market. This method, also results in higher quality insurance and public reliance on foreign trade registers. Technically, merchandises' description will be added to HS code to differentiate between items in each group. Nonetheless, text matching, especially in none English language (Persian), is the unavoidable difficult challenge to deal with. Text mining technique will be applied so as to solve this problem and matching the different merchandises in different datasets resulting in more probable record linkage. In this way, statisticians need modernized knowledge based skills (e.g. text mining technique) to produce more reliable, accurate and timely foreign trade price indexes. The results will be beneficial for other statistical offices producing these official statistics.


Abstract The structural evolution of nanocrystalline ZnO films on copper substrates synthesized via pulsed laser deposition was observed with increasing thickness controlled by deposition time. Scanning electron microscopy images indicate an increase in the average grain size. All the films are polycrystalline with the hexagonal wurtzite structure. X-ray diffraction patterns prove the orientation of the crystals to become better with an increase in film thickness. Raman measurements show three optical normal modes of crystalline ZnO indicating wurtzite structure. The line-width variation of the E2high mode reveals the structural improvement of the nanocrystalline ZnO films. The spatial correlation model was applied to analyze the structure evolution of the films. Different electron field-emission current densities are observed during the structural evolution of nanocrystalline ZnO films.


The invention relates to a controllable mixing and burning technique for two or more gases, in particular to a controllable mixing and burning technique for generator gas and natural gas. The controllable mixing of the generator gas and the natural gas is that a natural gas pressure-adjusting, pouring and measuring control system on a generator gas pipeline; and the generator gas and the natural gas are sufficiently mixed with each other and burnt safely by the system. Two different combustible gases are sufficiently mixed in a control manner and then burnt; the heat value of the mixed combustible gases is obviously improved; the heat efficiency is improved; simultaneously the emission quantity of waste gas is reduced; the environmental pollution is lightened; and the environment is protected. Therefore, the controllable mixing and burning support has the evident economic effect and the evident social effect.


A well-known inner bound of the stability region of the finite-user slotted Aloha protocol (with fixed contention probabilities) on the collision channel with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula> users assumes worst case service rates (all user queues non-empty). Using this inner bound as a feasible set of achievable rates, a characterization of the throughput–fairness tradeoff over this set is obtained, where the throughput is defined as the sum of the individual user rates, and two definitions of fairness are considered: the Jain–Chiu–Hawe function and the sum-user <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-fair (isoelastic) utility function. This characterization is obtained using both an equality constraint and an inequality constraint on the throughput, and properties of the optimal controls, the optimal rates, and the maximum fairness as a function of the target throughput are established. A key structural property underpinning all theorems is the observation that the vector of contention probabilities that extremizes both fairness objectives has its nonzero components taking at most two distinct values.


Here we would like to review recent progress on the resummation on logarithms of $\alpha_s$ in heavy quarkonium. We will mainly focus on the phenomenological relevance of these achievements. Determinations of the $\eta_b(1S)$ mass, $B_c(1S)$ hyperfine splitting, inclusive electromagnetic decays and implications for $t$-$\bar t$ production near threshold.


Online Food Delivery Platforms (OFDPs) has witnessed phenomenal growth in the past few years, especially this year due to the COVID-19 pandemic This Pandemic has forced many governments across the world to give momentum to OFD services and make their presence among the customers The Presence of several multinational and national companies in this sector has enhanced the competition and companies are trying to adapt various marketing strategies and exploring the brand experience (BEX) dimension that helps in enhancing the brand equity (BE) of OFDPs BEXs are critical for building brand loyalty (BL) and making companies profitable Customers can experience different kinds of brand experiences through feeling, emotions, affection, behavior, and intellect The present research work is taken up to analyze the factors affecting BEX and its impact on BL and BE of the OFDPs and analyze the mediating role of BL in the relationship between BEX and BE of the OFDPs in the Indian context A survey of 457 Indian customers was carried out A questionnaire was used for data collection and a mediation study was used to test hypothesized relationships Our computational analysis reveals that BEX influences the BL and BE of OFDPs The study further indicates that BL mediates the relationship between BEX and BE of OFDPs The effective marketing and relationship management practices will help company to enhance BEX that will enable in enhancing BL and raising BE of their product It therefore provides a more thorough analysis of BEX constructs and their consequences than previous research Some of the managerial implication, limitations, and scope of future research are also presented in the study © 2021 Tech Science Press All rights reserved


PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the impact of adopting lean manufacturing principles on operational efficiency by eliminating seven major lean wastes (or Muda) in a Malaysian stationery manufacturer. Much of the research on lean considers its application to larger organisations with stable demand patterns. This research examines a small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) with a volatile demand pattern.Design/methodology/approachA process activity mapping (PAM) methodology was utilized to identify the potential for waste elimination. PAM is a visual tool that considers every step in a production process. Value-added and non-value-added activities are therefore examined to understand hidden wastes and their sources.FindingsThe results revealed that the adopted lean principles significantly reduce the waiting times. This time reduction resulted in savings (reduction of cycle time) and to a certain extent, can be a crucial driver in continuous improvement sustainability in the production process.Research limitations/implicationsThe study focuses on a single case study and provides a springboard for further research. Future studies examining the results across a broader sample of organisations would develop the findings further.Practical implicationsThe extant literature cites mixed success for lean implementation programmes. The results demonstrate that lean is still recognised as a powerful approach to improving operations in SMEs.Originality/valueThis paper reflects on the application of lean in a real case study showing the impact of lean on operational performance of an SME.


This research aims to determine does the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model affect to mathematical literacy ability and emotional intelligence of students in Senior High School grade VIII in Mataram City, province of Nusa Tenggara Barat. This research is a quasi experimental with population of all students of grade VIII SMP Negeri 2 Mataram. The sample selection was done randomly so that 1 experimental class was selected. Data were collected by tests and questionnaires. The results of this research indicate that the PBL model affect students' mathematical literacy and emotional intelligence ability.


At present,Merox alkali wash process and regeneration of alkaline with air oxidation is mainly used in liquefied petroleum gas(LPG)sweetening process.With the increase of processing high sulfur crude oil and the increase of LPG production and utilization,the discharge of alkaline waste builds up heavily,which leads to an environmental problem and an increase of running cost.In this paper,an investigation of similar units in various refineries was carried out and factors affected energy saving and pollution were analyzed.Finally,an integrative optimization of LPG sweetening process was proposed including adopting Fiber-film sweetening process to enhance the efficiency of mass transfer and separation,eliminating amine in LPG feed to avoid the pollution of alkaline,and reducing the disulfide content in regenerated alkaline to prolong the service life of alkaline.After completing these measures,the discharge rate of alkaline waste could be reduced over 75%.


Traditional designs of multicarrier transceivers require an amount of redundancy of at least the order of the channel. This redundancy eliminates the inherent interblock interference (IBI) and allows the exploitation of the resulting channel matrix to design superfast zero-forcing (ZF) and minimum mean-square error (MMSE) equalizers. Although it is well known that the minimum redundancy for IBI-free designs of memoryless linear and time-invariant (LTI) transceivers is around half of the channel order, all practical solutions do not employ minimum redundancy. This paper reviews in a unified way a family of block transceivers with superfast implementations employing the minimum redundancy. The related structures of practical ZF and MMSE receivers are presented and their performances are compared in terms of throughput for fixed bit-error rate (BER). The main feature of these transceivers is their higher throughput allowing the use of the wireless channels more effectively. Keywords—Block transceivers; displacement; equalization; minimum redundancy; OFDM; superfast algorithms.


Crop Simulation Models (CSM) are computerized representations of crop growth, development and yield, simulated through mathematical equations as functions of soil conditions, weather and management practices. The Crop simulation models like agricultural production system simulator can save time and resources better prediction accuracy is the most important point that should be considered in decision making process. Most models are not tested or poorly tested, and hence their usefulness in decision making process is unproven. Therefore, this paper Reviews the performance of the APSIM CSM simulation accuracy with respect to the simulation of the growth, development and yield of the selected crops. APSIM model is reliable crop simulation model in predicting development, Growth and yield of different crops in the semi arid tropics. Keywords: APSIM, CSM, Yield, Semi arid tropics


Objective To explore the effect of closed anesthesia by isoflurane low flow circulation Methods In our hospital from January 2009 to 12 months 126 patients were admitted ASAI ~ II of elective abdominal surgery were randomly divided into two groups(low-flow group)and control group(high-flow group)63 cases in each,and were observed anesthetic effects.Results The patients induction,maintenance of the FA,FA/FI little difference in the change,but the time difference between awake extubation was significantly(P0.05)with statistical significance.Conclusion The low-flow isoflurane anesthesia closed loop anesthetic effect compared with similar high traffic,but more secure.


Iron chalcogenide cluster Fe3Se2(CO)9 and Cu(OAc)2 were found to be an outstanding bimetallic catalyst for C–N coupling reaction of amines and arylchlorides. The reaction proceeds under base and solvent free...


In the oil and nature gas work site,there are many shortcomings including improper safety and accuracy when the pressure of wellhead is measured by the traditional mechanical pressure gauge.This paper shows a wireless wellhead pressure acquisition system based on the STC89C58RD+ of PHILIPS.The selection of pressure transmitter,the design of amplifier,A /D converter circuit and the clock circuit,the principle and testing methods of wireless transmission system,and the portable data collection system are discussed in detail.The measurement accuracy reaches 1.5% by the comparison between the test results and those of the FLUKE tester.This accuracy absolutely satisfies the required measurement accuracy of 3%.


Th e main criticism of the court pertains to the prosecutorial and investigative strategy of the Offi ce of the Prosecutor. One of the primary criticisms of the ICC's investigations in the DRC cases is that they lack representativeness, refl ecting only part of the confl ict, in terms of both aff ected victims and temporal scope. Th e proceedings also revealed defi ciencies in respect of fair trial principles, especially those related to the rights of defendants. Th ese principles, considered fundamental in national and international law, are guaranteed by the Rome Statute of the ICC and the ICC's Rules of Procedure and Evidence (RPE), in particular those regulating evidence.4 When these principles are violated, the consequences can be catastrophic for the defense as well as the prosecution, and they can undermine the fairness of the entire trial. Any violation of fair trial principles can thus cause interruptions and delays and even impede the prosecution of alleged perpetrators for the sum of their crimes. Indeed, this occurred in the DRC cases, when the gathering of evidence, use of intermediaries, and application of the exception of confi dentiality and nondisclosure were called into question.