Nonlinear acoustic theory is used to show that the cutoff frequencies and the resonant frequencies of modes in acoustic waveguides of finite length depend upon the mode amplitude. The amplitude en, of mode n > 0, produced by a periodic piston motion of amplitude δn, is also determined. It is found that at and near a resonant frequency, en≏δn1/3 while at and near the cutoff frequency en≏δn1/2. Away from these frequencies en≏δn, as linear theory predicts. Thus the infinite amplitude, which linear theory yields at cutoff and resonance, is avoided. The results are obtained simply by using the result for the propagation constant as a function of mode amplitude given by J. B. Keller and M. H. Millman [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 49, 329–333(1971)].


Objective:To explore the psychological status of HIV-infected women in rural area of Guangxi,provide a basis for further psychological intervention.Methods:Semi-structured interview was used to survey 18 HIV-infected women,and their mood,interpersonal relationship and modes of facing psychological problems were surveyed.Results:The negative emotions of HIV-infected women included worry,fear,sadness,anger,guilt and depression;most couples from AIDS families lacked communication;the discriminations from relatives and friends still existed,including suspicion,isolation,ignorance and rejection;the HIV-infected women needed communication,the main coping strategies were pouring out and unbosoming.Conclusion:The psychological health problems of the HIV-infected women should be no longer ignored,appropriate and effective psychological intervention measures should be carried out to provide psychological supports for HIV-infected women at individual and family degrees,improve their interpersonal relationship and their abilities of coping psychological problems.


The price of privacy intrusion and security breaches is often due to the ubiquitous connectivity of networks. National entities as well as other governing bodies have passed laws and regulations to assist individuals in their quest to protect their information as it is being transmitted as well as received over these networks. An international perspective of information privacy and security laws and regulations can provide an insightful view concerning how each country differs as well as the important drivers for these differences. Policy makers can learn from the comparisons made in relation to similarity and/or differences of privacy and security laws as well. In this paper, we have selected different countries and regions around the world due to the growth of security and privacy threats that has grown over the past 10 years as well as their legislative practices.


The O(alpha(s)) corrections to the inclusive decay of b --> X(c)tau and b --> X(s)gamma are calculated in technicolor with scalars model, and the latest experimental results from ALEPH and CLEO are used in determining the (sigma, h) parameter space. We find that in contrast with the enhancement of the branching ratio of b --> X(c)tau relative to that of the standard model is very small, the b --> X(s)gamma decay width normalized by the standard model result can be reduced by as much as -50% when the ALEPH experimental value is used. In particular, the CLEO measurement which corresponds to the -33% reduction gives a more stringent constraint than B-(B) over bar mixing. The branching fraction B(b --> X(s)gamma) computed in the model in part of its parameter space with sizable deviation from the standard model prediction can be observable in the forthcoming few years with the upgraded CLEO detector and B-factories at SLAC and KEK. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


The notion of a dual career for performance athletes implies, by definition, the involvement of related fields (work, education, health) in the field of sports. A country's rulers and those responsible for development policies must be aware of the vulnerability of athletes who end their careers.
In reality, knowing the motivation, the desire for achievement in life by sports students, in relation to the different educational systems of Europe, can promote, according to Lupo et al. (2015), a better understanding of academic and sporting expectations, providing valuable information to decision makers in these areas. In this respect, cross-country comparisons, together with the determination of student athletes regarding dual careers, can contribute to the development of sustainable strategies for the realization of programs that combine education and sport.


I read with great interest the article by El Miedany, et al regarding disease activity assessment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-blocker therapy1. Despite the fact that disease activity assessment is of particular importance to the rheumatologic community, I wonder how this paper successfully passed the review process of The Journal, particularly with respect to the statistical basis from which the conclusions are drawn. The only well founded result is the positive correlation between disease activity score (DAS, including a 28-joint count DAS28) and the DAS28 Creactive protein (DAS28-CRP) for groups of patients2,3. This already welldescribed correlation has no value, however, for monitoring a single patient as the respective DAS values may differ substantially in individuals due to discrepancies between erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and CRP. All other results and subsequent conclusions are based on unjustified assumptions both from a statistical viewpoint and from the intentions of the originators of the DAS, as I understand them. I was under the impression that the DAS was developed to combine physician-dependent variables (joint counts), objective variables of inflammation, and a patient's selfassessment to express disease activity numerically4. It seems completely inappropriate to substitute the patient's global assessment (PGA) with the physician's global assessment (PhGA) giving it a priori the same weight within the formula. Additionally, the authors did no reliability testing or factor analysis of these new scores to gain insight into their psychometric properties. Maintaining the primary bias, EULAR response criteria were also applied to the DAS variations without any validation5. Given that PhGA changed far more than PGA in this particular study, these new scores might have revealed more and better responses. Effect sizes, however, can be regarded only as surrogate measures of sensitivity to change, as the name indicates, and repeating a false procedure does not increase its validity. We performed reliability testing and factor analysis of all 4 DAS variations proposed by the authors for one of our RA patient cohorts comprising 399 routine out-patients (307 women, 92 men, mean age 60.6 years; median DAS28 3.42 ± 1.5)6. We found that internal consistency, as expressed by standardized item alpha, was very similar for the 4 constructs, independent of the inclusion of ESR or CRP, PGA or PhGA (Table 1). Regardless of the DAS variation analyzed, the alpha was below the threshold of 0.70, which is regarded as a marker of substantial reliability. Even an alpha of 0.70 indicates that the standard error of measurement will be more than half (0.55) a standard deviation7. On principal component analysis, all DAS28 variations were onedimensional with comparable item loadings (Table 2)8. We applied kappa statistics for assessment of the relationship between PhGA and PGA, by comparing quintiles of the respective visual analog scale (VAS) values in our 399 patients. We detected only a weak relationship as expressed by kappa of 0.166, although it reached statistical significance (p < 0.001) (Figure 1). This relates to the incongruence between patients' and physicians' perceptions of disease activity and its changes9. Despite problems with internal consistency the DAS28 was proven to be substantially well correlated with patients' satisfaction with disease stage10. Why, then, substitute a patient's opinions with the physician's assessment? It does not enhance the a priori weak internal consistency of the DAS and it does not exert any influence on dimensionality or item loading. However, it does exclude the target, namely the patient, from therapy assessment, and this may have an influence on compliance. How long can you continue to explain to a patient that a treatment is successful when she/he does not feel the improvement? Was this study perhaps performed to increase the justification for expensive treatments? I feel this paper is a substantial step away from individualized, patient oriented treatment that we urgently need to ameliorate our treatment results and thereby improve the quality of life of our patients. Enhanced treatment success will not be achieved by changing our assessment tools for our own purposes, but by optimizing our therapeutic measures in cooperation with our patients. To this end acknowledgment of and respect for their thoughts and wishes is mandatory.


Liang Zongdai's pure poetry theory has been influenced by that of Valery's,which requires pure languages with musical traits(mucialized pure language) and transcendental aestheticism beyond utilitarianism and reality.Valery inherited the rationalism from Plato and Hegel,seeking to find out,through abstract thinking,an idea world equals with that of pure language.However,there is no such a kind of pure language.Liang borrowed from Chuang Tzu's meditative way,putting forward that poets need meditation in poetry composition.Many examples were also given to illustrate that the writing of pure poetry was possible.


The development of a fast, agile signal in the frequency range of 10 MHz to 3 GHz based on direct digital synthesis of signals from 14 to 58 MHz is described. A high-performance SAW (surface acoustic wave) filter module was designed to provide IF (intermediate frequency) filtering after the baseband signal was converted to a center frequency of 304 MHz. The 44-MHz-wide filter module showed typical passband ripple less than 0.4 dB peak-to-peak. Triple transit, electromagnetic feedthrough, and other spurious responses were rejected by at least 50 dB. The circuit, the SAW filter, and its package were designed with careful attention to parasitics in order to achieve this performance. The filtering was accomplished by two identical SAW filters on 128 degrees Y-rotated, X LiNbO/sub 3/ operated in cascade, with isolation amplifiers buffering each filter. The isolation amplifiers were designed to provide a low-impedance, balanced termination to each IDT (interdigital transducer), minimizing triple transit and EM feedthrough. The SAW filter was designed using the Remez exchange algorithm and optimized to compensate for and reduce second-order effects. An absorbing layer of polyimide was an important factor in assuring repeatably low spurious time-domain responses from the chip edges, while being compatible with 300 degrees C package sealing. An on-wafer test hardware and software system was developed to predict packaged-device ripple performance and a precision test fixture with two-port calibration standards was developed to test feedthrough and spurious time-domain responses in the same environment as the final circuit.<<ETX>>


Abstract : The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Research and Development Center's (ERDC) Battlespace Terrain Reasoning and Awareness-Battle Command (BTRA-BC) Battle Engine (BBE) is a tool that enables command staffs to semi-automate the creation and evaluation of potential courses of action (COA) for use in military planning. The BBE uses data generated during the initial steps of the Military Decision Making Process (MDMP) and a genetic algorithm to produce and evaluate a population of COAs. This thesis provides a basic background of both the MDMP and genetic algorithms. It describes the features of the BBE and the parameters that control its genetic algorithm. The thesis describes an experiment to test the genetic algorithm parameter effects on the BBE search results. The results of this experiment and research are used to provide recommendations to improve the performance and functionality of the BBE.


Introduction: The infratemporal fossa is an inverted pyramid shaped structure that lies at the skull base, posterior to the maxillary sinus. It has a complex anatomy due to its relationship to various important vascular and neural channels. Surgical approaches to this region, via the lateral skull base and access mandibulotomies, have high morbidity. By our minimally invasive intra-oral endoscopic technique, an external incision, bony osteotomies and cranial nerve palsies were avoided with an expedited road to recovery and shorter hospital stay.
Case Report: A middle aged lady who presented with left sided facial swelling and numbness was evaluated for the same with a Diagnostic nasal endoscopy and imaging. MRI of the maxilla with contrast revealed a well-defined left infra-temporal fossa soft tissue signal intensity mass, which was subsequently planned for intra-oral endoscopic removal. The surgery was performed via a transvestibular-paramandibular incision through which the endoscope was passed, structures delineated and tumour removed piece meal. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that it was a Spindle cell Rhabdomyosarcoma. Hence, she was given post operative chemoradiotherapy and is currently one year post surgery, with good outcomes.
Discussion
The infratemporal fossa has a varied and complex anatomy, due to its interior location and multiple important neurovascular structures within it. This intra-oral endoscopic approach, although challenging for the novice surgeon, avoided an external scar, providing better cosmesis and also had lesser patient morbidity related to wound gaping and dehiscence. It also allowed a direct and magnified visualization of the neuro-vascular structures in that region, aiding in tumour removal.


Oxide film rupture theory has become one of the most popular models to quantitatively predict the stress corrosion cracking rate at crack tip of Ni-based alloys in high temperature water nuclear environment. To understand the micro-mechanical state at the tip of environment assisted cracking (EAC) without considering the external load, the stress-strain induced by oxide film in the base metal at the EAC tip was simulated and discussed using a commercial finite element analysis code. Results show the stress-strain state induced by oxide film is different because of crack length, and film-induced stress is one of the main factors that can't be ignored in the stress corrosion crack growth driving force. The study also provides a foundation to improve the quantitative predication accuracy of EAC growth rate of nickel-based alloys and austenitic stainless steels in the important structures of nuclear power plants.


Background and Objective: Health impact assessment (HIA) offer a very logical and interesting approach for those aiming to integrate health issues into planning processes. With a lot of works and plans waiting to be done (e.g., developing and updating plans, counseling planning commissions, cooperation with other organizations), planners find it difficult to prioritize health among a variety of possible issues and solutions they confront. Method: In the present article, first, the list of social determinants of health associated with Chitgar man-made lake was extracted out using a qualitative method and with content analysis approach, and then they were prioritized using analytic hierarchy process. Results: 28 social determinants of health including "intermediary" and "structural" determinants were extracted out. Regarding positive effects of lake on these determinants, "recreational services" and "traffic" received the highest and the lowest weights with 0.895 and 0.638 respectively among structural determinants and with consideration to "construction" option. Furthermore, among intermediary determinants for "construction" option, sub-criteria of both "physical activity" and "air quality" received the final highest weight (0.889) and "pathogenesis" indicated the lowest weight with 0.617. Moreover, lake demonstrated the highest negative effects on "housing" among "structural" determinants which it takes the highest weight (0.476) in "non-construction" option. Additionally, lake had the highest negative effects on "noise pollution" among "intermediary determinants" and it takes the highest weight (0.467) in "non-construction" option. Conclusion: It has been shown that urban development projects such as green spaces, man-made lakes … have a huge range of effects on community's health, and having not considered these effects by urban planners and mangers is going to confront urban health with many challenges.


Correspondence N. Shankar Ganesh, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kingston Engineering College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632059, India. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract This paper introduces a novel power generation system using solar energy as a heat source. The proposed cycle incorporates heat sources from two solar collectors for the effective utilisation of heat energy. To aid the performance of the proposed system, the turbine flow rate is increased with the specific heater arrangements. Energy and exergy balances of the novel system were generated using Python software. The investigation of the present system was evaluated with high sink temperature. Turbine inlet concentration, turbine inlet pressure, HE4 outlet temperature from the turbine, condenser concentration of ammonia, isentropic efficiency of the turbine and pressure ratio are the design variables considered for the exergy and thermoeconomic investigation. The energy and exergy analyses resulted in suitable design variables to optimise the performance. The optimum Kalina cycle efficiency, solar plant efficiency, exergy efficiency and network output were determined to be 18.51%, 8.28%, 34.51% and 295.24 kW, respectively. Among the components involved in the system, the mixers account for the highest exergy destruction followed by the turbine. The cycle performance can be improved by reducing the exergy destruction rate. The thermal efficiency is maximised by the turbine inlet pressure and temperature. Moreover, a higher relative cost difference has resulted in heat exchanger 5 and pump 2.


A new scheme of learning similarity measure is proposed for content-based image retrieval (CBIR). It learns a boundary that separates the images in the database into two parts. Images on the positive side of the boundary are ranked by their Euclidean distances to the query. The scheme is called restricted similarity measure (RSM), which not only takes into consideration the perceptual similarity between images, but also significantly improves the retrieval performance based on the Euclidean distance measure. Two techniques, support vector machine and AdaBoost, are utilized to learn the boundary, and compared with respect to their performance in boundary learning. The positive and negative examples used to learn the boundary are provided by the user with relevance feedback. The RSM metric is evaluated on a large database of 10,009 natural images with an accurate ground truth. Experimental results demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed similarity measure for image retrieval.


Differential water price is the main method to resolve the contradiction between high-cost of water supply and drainage and low-capacity to pay,as well as the important measure to protect the public water rights in fair water. From the perspective of promoting social saving water and fair burden,this paper proposed a differential water price model based on the basic demand and marginal cost,and applied it in Beijing as a case study. The result shows that differential water price based on the basic demand and marginal cost has more significant effect in promoting water conservation and protecting water rights of low water users. The volumes of water from the first to the third stair of Beijing were recommended to set as less than 86. 4 m3,86. 4-170. 0 m3 and more than 170 m3 per household per year and the corresponding water prices were 4. 14 RMB Yuan / m3,5. 79 RMB Yuan/m3 and 19. 2 RMB Yuan / m3 respectively.


Changes in extracellular Ca2+ concentration were directly measured in the rat cerebellum, using an ion-selective micropipette. Extracellular K+ was measured simultaneously with a second ion-selective micropipette. The potential reference barrels of the ion electrodes also provided fast field and slow potentials. During repetitive stimulation of the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell cerebellar circuit, extracellular Ca2 fell to about 80% of base line concentration. During the spreading depression of Leao, extracellular Ca2+ fell to about 10% of base line; decreases of this magnitude also occurred during terminal anoxia. In all cases extracellular K+ increased substantially. These results show that extracellular Ca2+ is modulated during neuronal activity in the central nervous system and that under some conditions the Ca2+ change can be extreme. Given the well-established and antagonistic effects of reduced extracellular Ca2+ on axonal excitability and synaptic transmission, these results suggest that Ca2+ modulation in the brain cell microenvironment may be a significant parameter in the behavior of neuronal ensembles. Changes in extracellular calcium ([Ca2+I.) have two established effects on neuronal elements. A decrease in [Ca2+]0 increases axonal excitability (1), through influence on membrane properties. Decreased [Ca2+]o, however, diminishes chemically mediated synaptic transmission (2). In this case a reduction in [Ca2+]o leads to a decreased influx in Ca2+ across the membrane of the presynaptic terminal (3) and consequent diminution in transmitter release due to deprivation of essential Ca2+ in the transmitter release mechanism (2). Increases in [Ca2+]o reverse the effects described in axon and synapse. The above results have been established on single cell preparations, predominantly the giant axon and synapse of the squid and the neuromuscular junction. The findings suggest that, were changes in [Ca2+]o to occur in the central nervous system, they could profoundly affect the operation of neuronal ensembles through the antagonistic influence of changes in [Ca2+]b on axons and synapses. Other possibilities for the influence of Ca2+ on neuronal ensembles have also been discussed (4). Thus, one may speculate that dynamic modulation of [Ca2+]0 may be as important in the extracellular microenvironment as the recently established intrinsic variations in [K+]O, which have led to the discussion of the role of [K+]o in presynaptic inhibition (5), epileptic seizures (6), and the spreading depression of Ledo (7-10). Both Ca2+ and K+ have the capacity to influence neuronal ensembles by virtue of their low concentrations, relative to the majority extracellular ions, Na+ and Cl-. The low concentration of the minority ions means that small absolute changes produce large concentration shifts. Our experiments were designed to look for transient, intrinsic Abbreviations: [X,,, extracellular concentration of X; ISM, ion-selective micropipette. * Present address: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, New York University Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10016. t To whom correspondence should be addressed. changes in [Ca2+]o within the extracellular microenvironment of the central nervous system. Such observations have previously been impossible owing to lack of techniques with adequate temporal and spatial resolution, combined with discrimination against other ionic species. The recent development by Oehme et al. (11) of a fast-responding, ion-selective micropipette (ISM) based on a neutral carrier ion exchanger, highly selective for Ca2+ (12), has enabled us to directly and accurately monitor transient changes in [Ca2+]o. The experiments were made on the cerebellum of the rat, because the neuronal circuitry is known in detail (13) and the electrical responses of the mammalian cerebellum are probably better characterized than those of any other brain region (14). This permits defined neuronal circuits to be activated and any consequent ion changes to be related to this activity. In addition, the rat cerebellum has the unusual property of being relatively susceptible (15) to the spreading depression of Leio (16, 17). Since large shifts in [Na+]o (18), [K+]o (7-10), and [Cfl0(9) are now known to be associated with spreading depression, this phenomenon provides a useful model to seek possible [Ca2+]o variations. Our measurements demonstrate that modulation of [Ca2+]0 does indeed occur during neuronal activity, spreading depression, and terminal anoxia. Furthermore, we show that [Ca2+]o consistently falls during these events, in contrast to [K+]o, which rises. These results suggest that modulation of [Ca2+]0 within neuronal ensembles of the brain may be important. MATERIALS AND METHODS In addition to the Ca2+-ISM, a K+-ISM was used in these experiments in order to compare the two ions directly. Both ISMs were fabricated as double-barrelled micropipettes, one side containing a liquid ion exchanger and the other, reference barrel, a solution of 150 mM NaCI (19, 20). Ca2+-ISMs contained the new neutral carrier (11, 12) ion exchanger and were backfilled with 100 mM CaCl2. K+-ISMs contained Corning 477317 ion exchanger and were backfilled with 100 mM KCI. The electrical outputs of the ISMs were processed to yield ion and reference signals (9) (Fig. 1). Ion and slow potential signals were recorded on a four-channel chart recorder that effectively filtered out high frequency signals. Fast field potentials were photographed from an oscilloscope. The tip diameters of the ISMs were 2-3 jum. A Ca2+and a K+-ISM were glued together with rapid epoxy so that the inter-tip spacing was 50 4tm or less. Ca2+-ISMs were calibrated in CaCl2 solutions and K+-ISMs in KCI solutions. All calibrating solutions contained 150 mM NaCl to simulate the ionic strength of the extracellular microenvironment and to allow for Na+ interference in the K+-ISM. The selectivity of the Ca2+-ISM for Ca2+ over K+ and Na+ is better than 600:1 and 1000:1, respectively (11). Thus, no


Previous studies have found that preschoolers are confused about the relationship between two-dimensional (2D) symbols and their referents. Preschoolers report that 2D images (e.g. televised images and photographs) share some of the characteristics of the objects they are representing. A novel Comparison Task was created to test what might account for these misattributions of the properties of 2D images. Three-and-a-half- and four-and-a-half-year olds made comparisons between items presented in two of three formats simultaneously, i.e. as a real object and as an object appearing on television (TV), as a real object and as a photo of that object, or as an object appearing on TV and in a photo. Presenting the televised object or the photo of the object along with the real object aided performance; children indicated that televised objects and photos of objects no longer shared the properties of the real objects. Children also performed better when presented with two 2D images of the same object (the photo of the object and the televised image of the object). Although dual-representation might account for these misattributions of the properties of 2D images, because children also performed better when two 2D images of the same object were present, other possibilities such as children using pictures as communicative devices and disregarding the pragmatics of the task should be explored. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


It was made an experimental study and clinical controlled trial at Celia Sanchez Manduley hospital in Manzanillo in the period of January of the 2010 to December of the 2011, with the aim to determine the effectiveness of the acupuncture in the infertility. 200 patients came to the acupuncture department, from these patients it was selected a sample of 100 and they were distributed into a study group, it was applied the acupuncture method, obtaining significant results, and the 100% of the patients evolved in the result of the spermatogram; for the validation of the results there were made statistical tests like the hypothesis test for proportions and the calculation of the average population. It was concluded that the acupuncture technique is effective as it improves the quality of the couple obtaining the fertility.


Science is both a creative endeavor and a highly regimented one. It involves surprising, sometimes unthinkably novel ideas, along with meticulous exploration and the careful exclusion of alternatives. At the heart of this productive tension stands a human capacity typically called "the imagination": our ability, indeed our inclination, to think up new ideas, situations, and scenarios and to explore their contents and consequences in the mind's eye. The volume explores our capacity to imagine and its implications for our understanding of science and its practice, from both psychological and philosophical viewpoints. This introduction surveys key questions and issues discussed in the volume and provides summaries of the various chapters.


A new process for the catalytic synthesis of zinc stearate by reacting stearic acid with zinc oxide,H_2O_2 as the catalyst was investigated.Single factor experiments and orthogonal tests were carried out to analyze the influence of reaction temperature,reaction time,liquid-solid ratio and the amount of catalyst on the free acid content in the product.The optimum technical conditions were obtained as follows:reaction temperature 80℃,reaction time 60 min,liquid-solid ratio 7,and the amount of catalyst 2.5 %.Under these conditions,free acid content in the product is 0.43 % and the melting point 124℃, which complies with the standard of the chemical industry for the high grade zinc stearate.


I welcome the opportunity to respond to Mr. Stehle's comments. His remarks illustrate quite nicely the methodological blinders of neoclassi? cal theory as well as the intellectual arrogance of its adherents. In support of his argument that private institutions are less suscepti? ble to mismanagement than public ones, Stehle cites several empirical studies. [Crain and Zardkoohi, pp. 395-408; Davies, pp. 149-65] In fact, these studies are comparisons of publicly regulated versus publicly owned utilities and cannot be used to argue for the relative efficiency of the "market alternative." Most of the Chicago School comparisons of private versus public enterprises are in reality comparisons of publicly regulated versus publicly owned corporations. [De Alessi, pp. 645-53; Clarkson, pp. 263-384] Even in this restricted comparison many studies have yielded results favoring government ownership. [Meyer, pp. 391 99; Mann and Mikesell] Regarding resources in situ, Stehle remarks that "marginal costs of production determine only how much can be produced for a given level of demand." Stehle fails to see that this is exactly the problem. Among the "simplest of neoclassical propositions" is the notion of market fail? ure. The market cannot take into account information which it does not have. In the case of non-renewable resources the marginal cost is lower than the social optimum, so more than the socially optimum amount is extracted. Simply put, the market cannot see far enough ahead when it comes to exhaustible resources. Regarding this point, Stehle expresses a faith in the futures market that borders on the incredible. He asserts that "correct predictions that future generations will be willing to out-bid present generations, will generate profits for these speculators." A generation is usually taken to mean 20 years. Does Stehle really mean to say that the futures market correctly allocates resources 20, 40 or 60 years hence? This leads us to the central misconception in Stehle's remarks, a mis? conception that separates neoclassical analysis from non-standard approaches in general. This is the failure to appreciate the element of Knightian uncertainty. Stehle blithely asserts that "wealthier future generations will choose to spend more to lower the risks of exposure to


The paper deals with a problem of insufficient productivity of existing computer means for large image processing, which do not meet modern requirements posed by resource-intensive computing tasks of laser beam profiling. The research concentrated on one of the profiling problems, namely, real-time processing of spot images of the laser beam profile. Development of a theory of parallel-hierarchic transformation allowed to produce models for high-performance parallel-hierarchical processes, as well as algorithms and software for their implementation based on the GPU-oriented architecture using GPGPU technologies. The analyzed performance of suggested computerized tools for processing and classification of laser beam profile images allows to perform real-time processing of dynamic images of various sizes.


Four models comprising offset model,laser scan model,two laser beams model and many laser beams model were presented to improve the films' thickness uniformity aiming at the films' poor thickness uniformity in the process of growing DLC films by PLD.The DLC films' thickness uniformity models were initially established and simulation of the films' thickness distribution was performed respectively.In the simulation process,improving the films' thickness uniformity was emphasized on the basis of the films' optimum performance.And the elimination of micrometer and sub-micrometer sized particulates was discussed.The results indicate that in the many laser beams model PLD can grow DLC films with better thickness uniformity.And in this model the micrometer and sub-micrometer sized particulates in the films also decrease.At last,some suggestions were brought forward to improve the models.


The effect of acetanilide on the in vivo oxidation of methanol, ethanol, and formate in mice was investigated by using 14C-iabelled substrates and measuring the production of 14C-labelled carbon dioxide in the expired air. The intraperitoneal administration of acetanilide (100 mg/kg body weight) strongly inhibited the oxidation of methanol. When acetanilide was administered 20 minutes before the injection of methanol, degradation of the alcohol during the first 6 hours following its administration was inhibited 42–73%. Under similar conditions, the metabolism of formic acid was reduced to a much smaller extent (about 12%). On the other hand, the drug was without effect on the oxidation of ethanol. It was concluded that methanol and ethanol are metabolized in mice by two different enzymic systems. If it is assumed that methanol is oxidized in the mouse by a catalase–peroxide system, then the mechanism whereby acetanilide inhibits methanol degradation probably involves reduction of the peroxide pool, rather...


Abstract Characteristics of the Arctic Ocean's Beaufort Sea high are examined using fields from the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis. At a 2-hPa contour interval, the Beaufort Sea high appears as a closed anticyclone in the long-term annual mean sea level pressure field and in spring. In winter, the Beaufort Sea region is influenced by a pressure ridge at sea level extending from the Siberian high to the Yukon high over northwestern Canada. As assessed from 6-hourly surface winds, the mean frequency of anticyclonic surface winds over the Beaufort Sea region is fairly constant through the year. While for all seasons a strong closed high can be interpreted as the surface expression of an amplified western North American ridge at 500 hPa, there is some suggestion of a split flow, where the ridge linked to the surface high is separated from the ridge to the south that lies within the main belt of westerlies. The Aleutian low in the North Pacific tends to be deeper than normal when there is a strong Beaufort Sea high. In ...


In 1912, Bachmann published, with Zsigmondy, beautiful pioneer descriptions of the ultramicroscopic appearance and behaviour of soaps. In view of our present greatly extended knowledge of the constitution of soap solutions, sols, gels, and curds, it was highly desirable to extend these morphological observations, and to correlate the various phenomena observed by Zsigmondy and Bachmann with the known constituents of these systems. It was also of great importance to find out to which state, whether sol, gel, or curd, the various phenomena were to be attributed. A further interest lay in the development of the technique of such investigations as, for instance, in the application of the cinematograph to the study of the life-history of an ultramicroscopie particle or formation in its genesis and subsequent transformations. The present paper contains some novel information with regard to Brownian movement and the distinction between sols, gels, and curds, the three different states which are possible for soaps. Although we have given a year to this work, in each experiment with the ultramicroscope we still find some new detail. We have endeavoured to record only those observations which appear reproducible and characteristic.


We present a study of commonly used vacuum techniques to serve as an introduction for individuals with little or no experience in the field. Two vacuum systems are investigated. In the former the effects of conductance on pumpdown time and ultimate pressure are examined. This behavior is then described reasonably well using a simple theoretical model including an empirical formula for conductance. In the latter, three different pumping mechanisms are employed to achieve a vacuum of 10−5 mbar in under an hour.


tion of the students with whom the young supervisor should start practice is this: before any supervisory experience whatsoever the young supervisor needs more preparation for teaching; her work with students or young staff should be in the nature of supervised field training. And field practice in supervision should be correlated with school courses in supervision. The art of teaching requires aptitude but it also requires teaching and training in pedagogical method. There is a lag between our training of students and our training of the supervisors whose responsibility they are. These comments suggest the need for Journal of Social Casework


The features of structural defects of genital tract microbiocenosis in 150 patients with hyperproliferative diseases and disorders of the cervix were studied: group A – leiomyoma + chronic salpingitis; group B – adenomyosis + chronic salpingitis; group C – leiomyoma + adenomyosis + chronic salpingitis; group D – chronic salpingitis. Among patients of groups A and B – was found a significant increase in registration of gardnerellas, deficit of lactoflora, the formation of viral and bacterial associations. In patients of group C – the most frank defects of cervical canal microecology: increased frequency and quantity of potentially pathogenic microorganisms during seeding (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Escherichia), elimination or a significant deficit of lactobacilli, increased frequency of Gardnerelliosis, Chlamydia, and viral infections diagnosis. In patients of group D – increased frequency and quantitative level of registration of fungi F. Candida in association with Gram-positive cocci, enterobacteria and viruses. The findings suggest the necessity of differentiated treatment methods aimed at elimination of infectious agents and renewal of cervix normocenosis in women with hyperproliferative diseases and cervical pathology.


Of the four possible "futures" for I-O psychology discussed by Ryan and Ford (2010), one (Scenario 2: Identity Merger) struck close to home. In fact, it is not the future for us, it is the present. The three of us are I-O psychologists with appointments in both a psychology department and a fully integrated interdisciplinary organizational science (OS) PhD program. The program, which is now 5 years old, spans two colleges (Liberal Arts & Sciences and Business) and includes individuals from four departments (Psychology, Management, Sociology, and Communication Studies). Although considerable thought was invested in how to structure and operate such an interdisciplinary program well before we accepted our first class of students, our collective thinking has evolved dramatically as we have experienced the program.


This experiment was performed to study the sequential accumulation of mercury in selected tissues of gold fish (Carassius auratus) exposed to 2, 6, 30, 120 and 300 $\mu$g Hg/1 as HgCl$_2$. In order to prepare treatment groups suitable for the present study, one control and five experimental groups, ...


Personalized profiles and information for each customer or group of customers have been already put in practice by many businesses. The key premise underlying this concept is that customers want on-demand access to information that is tailored to their needs and preferences. The chapter discusses the concept of portals and its application in higher education for building personalized, Web-deployed Intranet and decision support systems.


A previous study revealed that antibodies to hepatitis E virus (HEV) (anti‐HEV) are highly prevalent among healthy individuals and farm pigs in Bali, Indonesia, and suggested that HEV infection may occur via zoonosis among Balinese people. However, there were no reports of acute hepatitis E in Bali. To elucidate whether Balinese HEV strains recovered from infected humans and pigs have significant sequence similarity, serum samples obtained from 57 patients (age, mean ± standard deviation, 31.1 ± 11.9 years) with sporadic acute hepatitis and from one hundred and one 2‐ or 3‐month‐old farm pigs in Bali were tested for anti‐HEV and HEV RNA. Among the 57 patients, 2 (3.5%) had high‐titer IgM/IgA class anti‐HEV antibodies and one of them had detectable HEV RNA (BaliE03‐46). Overall, 58 pigs (57.4%) tested positive for anti‐HEV, while 5 pigs (5.0%) had detectable HEV RNA. Based on the 412‐nucleotide sequence within open reading frame 2, the BaliE03‐46 isolate and the 5 swine HEV isolates recovered from the viremic pigs were phylogenetically classified in genotype 4, but were only 77.3–90.8% identical to the genotype 4 HEV isolates reported thus far in China, India, Japan, Taiwan, and Vietnam. The BaliE03‐46 isolate of human origin shared high identities of 97.3–98.3% with 4 of the 5 Balinese swine isolates, but differed by 16.1% from the remaining swine isolate. These results suggest that indigenous HEV strains of genotype 4 with marked heterogeneity are circulating in Bali, Indonesia, and that pigs are reservoirs of HEV for Balinese people who have a habit of ingesting uncooked pigs. J. Med. Virol. 79: 1138–1146, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


therapeutic alliance and have learned to deal adaptively with distress. Previous psychotherapy research has demonstrated that emotional processing particularly during mid-treatment predicts favourable treatment outcomes [4] . Our main hypothesis was that greater expression of negative emotions, particularly during midtreatment, is associated with favourable outcomes in AN treatment, independent of the psychotherapeutic approach. Data were obtained from a multicentre randomised controlled trial comparing 40 sessions of manualised focal psychodynamic therapy (FPT) and enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT-E) against optimised treatment-as-usual in adult outpatients with AN (for more details of the ANTOP study see [5] ). Participants were female, ≥ 18 years, and had a DSM-IV diagnosis of full-syndrome/ subthreshold AN (BMI 15.0–18.5). Written informed consent was obtained from each participant. Independent research ethics committees approved the study. Participants were randomised to receive either FPT, CBT-E, or optimised treatment-as-usual. Sessions were recorded and stored as audio files only in the FPT and CBT-E condition. Recordings were not available in 21% of the cases because either the patient or the therapist refused to give informed consent to use the recordings, and in 23% of the cases recordings were either incomplete or of insufficient quality. The analysis is thus based on the data from 89 patients (FPT: 43; CBTE: 46), i.e., 56% of the original samples, which corresponds to similar studies [6] . These patients did not differ from those excluded regarding BMI, illness duration, eating disorder psychopathology, proportion of restricting subtype, and comorbid disorders at baseline (all p > 0.073). Likewise, FPT and CBT-E participants in this sample did not differ in these variables at baseline, end of treatment, and follow-up (all p > 0.129), except for more common comorbid MDD among CBT-E patients at baseline, χ 2 (1) = 5.169, p = 0.023. However, patients with and without comorbid MDD did not differ regarding emotional expression in any treatment phase (all p > 0.156). FPT comprised 3 treatment phases: sessions 1–15 focused on therapeutic alliance, pro-anorectic behaviour/beliefs, and self-esteem, sessions 16–32 emphasised emotional experiencing, interpersonal relationships, and their association with problematic eating behaviour, and sessions 33–40 focused on transfer to everyday life, anticipation of treatment termination, and parting. CBT-E comprised several modules: motivation, normalisation of nutrition, creating a formulation, and relapse prevention (mandatory), and cognitive restructuring, mood regulation, social skills, shape concern, and self-esteem (optional). BMI (calculated as kilograms/metres squared) at end of treatment and at the 12-month follow-up served as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were self-reported (Eating Disorders Treatment outcomes for adult anorexia nervosa (AN) patients are generally poor [1] . Examining elements of the therapeutic process could provide helpful new insights into cognitive and behavioural factors associated with a favourable outcome. AN patients typically show strong emotional avoidance, emotion dysregulation, and reduced emotional expression [2, 3] . AN behaviours such as dietary restraint may serve as maladaptive mechanisms of emotion regulation by reducing aversive emotional experience [3] . High levels of emotional processing during psychotherapy are usually associated with symptom reduction [4] . This is most likely to occur during mid-treatment when patients rely on the established Received: May 10, 2016 Accepted after revision: November 17, 2016 Published online: February 10, 2017


Abstract Current numerical studies suggest that the first protogalaxies formed a few stars at a time and were enriched only gradually by the first heavy elements. However, these models do not resolve primordial supernova (SN) explosions or the mixing of their heavy elements with ambient gas, which could result in intervening, prompt generations of low-mass stars. We present multiscale 1D models of Population III supernovae in cosmological minihalos that evolve the blast from its earliest stages as a free expansion. We find that if the star ionizes the halo, the ejecta strongly interacts with the dense shell swept up by the H II region, potentially cooling and fragmenting it into clumps that are gravitationally unstable to collapse. If the star fails to ionize the halo, the explosion propagates metals out to 20 - 40 pc and then collapses, heavily enriching tens of thousands of solar masses of primordial gas, in contrast to previous models that suggest that such explosions 'fizzle'. Rapid formation of low-mass stars trapped in the gravitational potential well of the halo is unavoidable in these circumstances. Consequently, it is possible that far more stars were swept up into the first galaxies, at earlier times and with distinct chemical signatures, than in present models. Upcoming measurements by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) may discriminate between these two paradigms.


This paper analyses various methods for securing the data on the Internet and the security protocols for the embedded Internet,in order to provide some feasible references for the designers in this case.


The photooxidation reaction of leuco malachite green (LMG) was studied. As naphthalene was added into solution of LMG in dioxane, an emission spectrum of the exciplex formed between excited LMG and naphthalene was determined. When indole was put in solution of LMG in acetonitrile, the fluorescence of LMG did not change, but its phosphorescence was quenched by indole, and photochemical reaction rate of LMG was decreased simultaneously. It is concluded that in the absence of an electron acceptor the triplet of LMG plays an important role in the photochemical reaction.


We show how to solve explicitly an equation satisfied by a real function belonging to certain general quasianalytic classes. Examples of the classes under consideration are the collection of convergent generalised power series, a class of functions which contains some Dulac Transition Maps of real analytic planar vector fields, quasianalytic Denjoy-Carleman classes and the collection of multisummable series.


Various analytical researches have been m ade concerning M alliavin 's stochastic calculus of varia tions ( [9 ] , [1 0 ]) : c f . Shigekaw a [13], B ism ut [1 ], Stroock [14], Ikeda and Watanabe [ 6 ] . In Euclidean case, W atanabe [1 7 ] has defined the com posite of "smooth and non-degenerate" Wiener functionals and Schwartz's tempered distributions to obtain probabilistic expressions of heat kernels (cf. [7 ] , [1 8 ] ) . In this direction, Taniguchi [16 ] has studied the case of manifold-valued Wiener functionals. T he integration by p a rts ove r a Wiener space plays a fundamental role in their calculus. In this paper, we give differential geometric aspects t o th e integration by p a rts over a W iener space and t o the above Watanabe's idea by working on vector bundles. Since tensor distributions, such as currents of de Rham, can be grasped as section distributions (Schwartz [1 2 ] , c f . [2 ] ) and as generalized sections (Guillemin and Sternberg [5 ] ) of ce rta in vector bundles, the use of vector bundles will be suitable for geometric comprehension of Watanabe's idea. Now let r E : E-*M be a Creal vector bundle over a a-compact manifold M ; w e adm it the case where M is not orientable (or not oriented). First we derive integration by parts formulas for the composite of M-valued "smooth and non-degenerate" Wiener functionals and covariant derivatives of CO° cross sections of E in the case where a linear connection is given in E (Theorem 4.1). To d o th is, w e develop a n intrinsic (coordinate free) formulation, which will be adapted to the modern differential geometric style ([8]). Next, we establish the composite of M-valued "smooth a n d non-degenerate" W iener functionals and section distributions [resp. generalized sections] of E (Theorem 6.1). When E is a Riemannian vector bundle and M is compact and Riemannian, this result is applied to probabilistic expressions of hea t kerne ls f o r E-valued differential form s. W e roughly illustrate our idea o f getting th e heat kernel of the heat equation 601 1 at = 2 4E 0 Trace 17 0 ) (1.1)


Introduction 1. 'It Should Look Democratic': The German Communists and the Birth of the SED 2. Nationwide Goals and Zonal Priorities: The KPD/SED and the German Question from Potsdam to Bizonia 3. Between Hope and Despair: The SED and the Consolidation of the SBZ 4. Unity Postponed: The SED and the Founding of the GDR 5. Retreat and Retrenchment: The SED and the German Question in the Early 1950s Conclusion Bibliography Index


This article represents an attempt to bring together and survey the diverse techniques devised by individual scholars and institutions for the purpose of measuring comparative economic development. Any merits it therefore possesses must rest in its clarifications rather than in its inspirations. However, so many techniques exist, founded upon so many theoretical bases, that a concise overview would appear to be justified.


The attention is given to the nature of the category "innovative activity", which is based on assessment practice of the coherence of the concepts "intelligence of the organizations" and "innovative activity". It is also specified that it is necessary to develop a system of indicators for the evaluation of innovative activities by which it is possible to identify the internal factors of the organization on the basis of knowledge economics. The mathematical assessment model of "intellectual activity" is proposed


Summary. An unstable haemoglobin, Hb‐Perth, β32 (B14) Leu→Pro, is described. The patient had a haemolytic anaemia with a T½51Cr RBC survival of 8 days, Hb 10–12 g/100 ml and had post splenectomy Heinz body formation.


The study examined the gender gap and its implication on management practice in the Nigeria banking sector. Various literatures were reviewed that showed the implication of gender gap in banking sector. Both primary and secondary data were used in the study. Chi-square technique was used to test the study hypotheses. The study conclusion revealed that female bank managers hold positive perceptions about their pay and promotion policies, which generates high job satisfaction, while their male counterparts hold favorable opinions about pay and promotion policies The study recommended that Management should ensure that female manager should be given upward mobility in taking responsibility in their various departments and also, male and female should be given the same remunerations in their position, so as to increase the rate of effectiveness and sense of belonging in the banking sector now and in the future.


We describe a patient who was in a stupor for several days after combined general-spinal anesthesia. Both clinical manifestations and magnetic resonance imaging findings were consistent with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and resolved after the patient recovered spontaneously.


A brief discussion of a systematic study of simple particle extensions to the standard model (SM) is given. The effects of such extensions in lepton number violation processes such as μ→eγ, 3e and μ‐e conversion nuclei is given. It is found that μ→eγ and μ‐e conversion offer the best opportunities for the discovery of this kind of new physics.


In this tutorial, a simple example using model data for one derivative with anomalous information will be used to demonstrate the use of HASSP and HEAVY in heavy atom determination and refinement. The data used here will actually be based on model MAD data that has been converted to MIR format using MADMRG, but the treatment is identical to that for any other SIR+anomalous data. The data nd most of the programs discussed here can be obtained by e-mail from ``terwil @prov2.lanl.gov`` along with VAX-specific command files to run the data through.


The temperature dependence of the layer spacing of a series of chiral bi-mesogen organosiloxane liquid-crystal materials is presented. The detailed measurements were taken at the ELETTRA radiation source in Trieste on thin specimens contained between glass coverslips. In the materials with 10 and 11 spacers between the siloxane and the mesogenic moiety, it is observed that the temperature dependence of the layer spacing is not monotonous. In the material with six spacers, there is an abrupt change of 0.01 nm in the layer spacing between 35 °C and 36 °C. In this temperature range, domains with both layer spacing coexist. This observation is in agreement with polarised light microscopy observations; however, detailed differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements show no heat associated with this transition.


The existing mismatch between the bandwidth capacity of optical fiber and electronic devices, can be used to increase the speed, provide security and reliability in the transmission and distribution of information. To implement these applications, all-optical multiplexer performing space-to-time (i.e., parallel-to-serial) transformation at the transmitter and demultiplexer performing time-to-space (i.e., serial-to-parallel) transformation at the receiver will need to be constructed. For efficient bandwidth utilization, these processors need to be operated at rates determined by the bandwidth of the optical pulses. Ultrashort pulse laser technology has recently experienced significant advances, producing high peak power waveforms of optical radiation in the femtosecond duration range. These ultrafast waveforms can be synthesized and processed in the temporal frequency domain by spatially dispersing the frequency components in a spectral processing device (SPD) and performing operations on the spectrally decomposed wave (SDW). Space-to-time multiplexing via waveform synthesis using SDW filtering has been demonstrated with prefabricated masks, spatial light modulators and holograms. These filters are limited in their adaptability rate -a new filter can be implemented only as fast as the modulator response time or recording time ofa new hologram - typicallywell over a microsecond. To fulfill our goal of real-time SDW processing, we utilize a nonlinear wave mixing process based on four-wave mixing via cascaded second-order nonlinearities (CSN) in a 2)medium performed inside the SPD. The CSN arrangement consists of a frequency-up conversion process followed by a frequency-down conversion process satisfying the type-Il non-collinear phase matching condition. Our experiments are concerned with ultrafast information exchange between spatially parallel signals and higher bandwidth temporal signals. For the waveform synthesis experiment, we introduce two spatial information modulated waves carried by quasi-monochromatic light and a SDW of a ultrashort femtosecond pulse. The four wave mixing process produces a SDW that is a product of three waveforms: a spatial Fourier Transform (FT) of the two spatial information carrying waves and the SDW (i.e., temporal FT) of a femtosecond laser pulse. The spatial-temporal information exchange (i.e., the generated SDW) results in a synthesized waveform that is a time-scaled version of the spatial image, performed on a single shot basis with femtosecond-rate response time due to the fast nonlinearity. The inverse time-to-space transformation for detection of femtosecond pulse sequences is achieved using nonlinear three-wave mixing in a crystal. The two input waves are the SDW of a sequence of ultrashort pulses that need to be detected and a reference pulse. The nonlinear interaction between the two SDW's results in generating a quasimonochromatic second harmonic wave. The frequency ofthe second harmonic fields is twice the center frequency ofthe incident fields. The generated second harmonic fields contain spatial frequencies determined by the time delay between the reference pulse and the pulses in the signal. Thus a 1-D spatial FT of the second harmonic field produces a l-D spatial image equivalent to the temporal cross-correlation between the reference and the signal pulses. With short pulses, the spatial image has one-to-one correspondence with the signal pulse, implementing the desired time-to-space demultiplexing at femtosecond rates.


INTEREST in malignant disease has been stimulated in the last few decades by improved methods of diagnosis and treatment and by results of research into their incidence, aetiology, and behaviour. In Nigeria, as in the whole tropical belt of Africa, one is struck by the high incidence of malignant tumours of the upper respiratory tract, the majority of which carry a bad prognosis not only because of their nature but also because (I) medical aid is not sought until the disease is very far advanced; (2) the age incidence is lower on the whole than it is in temperate climates; and (3) the only means of treatment are surgery and a limited range of chemotherapeutic drugs. One of the most uncommon of the maligant tumours seen is the extramedullary plasmacytoma. According to Jaegar (1942) it forms about 0.5 per cent of all malignancies in the upper respiratory tract. This tumour, depending on the site and stage of development at which it is first seen, may clinically resemble a number of simple or other malignant tumours. Live-cell examination of specimens of this lesion carried out in z of the cases reported here has proved of immense value in their diagnosis, and this diagnostic technique, which had long been used by one of the authors (R. J. V. P.) in the study of tumours, particularly the Burkitt tumour, has been a very valuable aid in the diagnosis of many other malignant lesions seen in the Ear, Nose, and Throat Department of this hospital. Although extramedullary plasmacytomas are histologically similar to the medullary type they differ enough in their clinical features to warrant their being classified separately, even if, as Ewing and Foote (1952) state, they are to be considered as one stage in the process of myelomatosis. Since Schridde in 1905 reported his first case of extramedullary plasmacytoma of the upper respiratory tract about 240 cases have been reported in the world literature. Extramedullary lesions are obviously uncommon and the majority, 78.1 per cent according to Dolin and Dewar (1956)~ have been in the upper respiratory tract and oral cavity and in this area they have been usually solitary, at least at the time they were first seen.


Fabry–Perot resonators have tremendous potential to enhance the sensitivity of spectroscopic systems at terahertz (THz) frequencies. Increasing sensitivity will be of benefit in compensating for the relatively low power of current high resolution continuous wave THz radiation techniques, and to fully express the potential of THz spectroscopy as source power increases. Improved sensitivities, and thus scanning speeds, will allow detailed studies of the complex vibration-rotation-tunneling dynamics that large molecules show at THz wavelengths, and will be especially important in studying more elusive, transient species such as those present in planetary atmospheres and the interstellar medium. Coupling radiation into the cavity presents unique challenges at THz frequencies, however, meaning that the cavity configurations common in neighboring frequency domains cannot simply be translated. Instead, novel constructions are needed. Here we present a resonator design in which wire-grid polarizers serve as the input and output coupling mirrors. Using this configuration, Q-factors of a few times 10^5 are achieved near 0.3 THz. To aid future investigations, the parameter space that limits the quality of the cavity is explored and paths to improved performance highlighted. Lastly, the performance of polarizer cavity-based Fourier transform (FT) THz spectrometers is discussed, in particular those design optimizations that should allow for the construction of THz instrumentation that rivals and eventually surpasses the sensitivities achieved with modern FT-microwave cavity spectrometers.


David Brenner, Columbia University Antone L. Brooks, Co-Chair, Washington State University–Tri-Cities Evan Douple, National Academy of Sciences Amy Kronenberg, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Ernest G. Letourneau, Health Canada Jay H. Lubin, Co-Chair, National Cancer Institute Susan Preston-Martin, University of Southern California Jerome Puskin, Environmental Protection Agency Robert Rinsky, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Bobby Scott, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute James M. Smith, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Heather Stockwell, Department of Energy


This essay seeks to illuminate a fragment of that larger picture exploring the ways that ESG thinkers in the 1960s and 1970s lent conceptual shape to national security threats as sexual and gendered attacks on an ideally anticommunist Brazil. Initial (i.e. 1950s and early 1960s) ESG preoccupations revolved around international communisms capacity for inciting national disorder a rather general concept often described in terms of territorial political social and even corporeal "disintegration" (desintegracao) "disaggregation" (desagregacao) or "dissolution" (dissolucao). As the years wore on however fresh and more specific concerns complicated and elaborated the ordem-obsessed paranoias of the ESGs first decade. Internal enemies began to dominate ESG anxieties and terms like "subversion" (subversao) and "revolutionary warfare" (guerra revolucionaria an official ESG schematic for covert communist-inspired physical and psychological warfare) became constants in an increasingly alarmist discourse. These ever-invoked specters gradually gained conceptual substance and the desintegracao central to earlier discussions took on a crucial sexual - and sexually threatened - component. (excerpt)


Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt has announced new plans to investigate stillbirths and life-changing injuries at birth. Alistair Quaile reports progress made on the Safer Maternity Care action plan


I HAVE LONG FOUND STORYTELLING to be an immensely valuable technique for teaching professional communication, and I was gratified recently to see the business section of the New York Times promoting the value of narrative as a critical tool for persuading audiences in a variety of professional settings-sales pitches, training sessions, presentations to hostile audiences, and even briefings to shareholders. An earlier article in


One of the basic necessities for education in the future is to prepare learners to participate in a computer network, since in the information society knowledge is the most critical resource for social and economic development. This paper addresses how project-based learning was designed and implemented in a course on computer science at the National University of Central Argentina. The objective of the course was to engage students in the production of projects that were authentic, meaningful, and intended for future teaching and professional use. Two types of interaction have been considered in computer-mediated learning: individual interaction (interaction with the content), and social or interpersonal interaction. This paper describes the course design, provides an overview of the processes involved in developing the project-based learning activities, and reports the responses of students to the course.


B Virus infection in macaques rarely causes disease, and if so, it is in the form of mild ulcerative lesions. B virus polypeptides and glycoproteins can be grouped into classes that differ in their relative rates of synthesis at different times throughout the virus replication cycle, as is characteristic of alphaherpesviruses. During the course of B virus infection, several observations are common to the natural host, the experimentally infected host, and infected humans. B virus is an infection that humans rarely contract, but when they do, 80% of untreated cases result in death. Observations of the clinical pattern of disease are important for rapid diagnosis of B virus infection in both macaques and humans. The neutralization antibody test was the predominant diagnostic tool in macaques and humans for many decades. Currently, the most effective assay for diagnosis of B virus in a nonmacaque is a competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to facilitate discrimination between specific and cross-reactive antibodies, similar to the challenge faced when diagnosing infection in humans. Multiple levels of prevention are used to prevent B virus infection in both humans and nonhuman primates, ranging from attempts to eliminate virus from colonies to designing methods to work safely in environments where there is an increased risk for contracting the agent.


Part time work can negatively affect sleeping patterns, resulting in poorer academic performance and a diminished sense of overall wellbeing. 521 undergraduate students working at least 20 hours per week were surveyed and self-reported post-work experiences and sleep quality. Results of a multiple regression analysis indicated that a block of four post-work experiences (psychological detachment, relaxation, mastery, and control over leisure time) were predictive of self-reported sleep quality. Completion of more mastery experiences and greater control over choosing post-work activities were both statistically significant predictors of higher sleep quality (Sonnentag, Binnewies, & Mojza, 2008).


A cartoon of the Effective Field Theory of many nucleon systems is drawn, concentrating on Compton scattering in the two nucleon system, and on $nd$ scattering in the three body system.


Between the poles of the new opportunities and challenges of digitalization and the low level of scientific monitoring of digital projects in development cooperation there is the question: "what kind of importance has digital transformation in the context of development cooperation?" The article analyzes which role the digitalization plays in development cooperation, especially in educational projects.


Due to worries about global warming and its effects on the environment, economy, and society, a lot of emphasis has been paid to the switch to electric vehicles (EVs). This essay focuses on the switch to electric vehicles in Indonesia and Russia. Green technology, such as EVs, have been introduced in Indonesia in order to lower carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and enhance air quality. The study emphasizes the advantages of EVs, including their simplicity and improved comfort when compared to conventional vehicles, as well as their free highway use, parking, and tax incentives. The restricted affordability, ambiguous national policies, and inadequate public infrastructure provide difficulties for Indonesia. However, relative to its enormous auto fleet, Russia has lagged behind in the development of EVs, with just a tiny number of registered electric vehicles. However, the Russian government has approved a plan to increase the infrastructure and production of electric road transport. The strengths, weaknesses, and transitional strategies for EVs are assessed using a case study approach and comparative analysis. In order to encourage the use of EVs, it is stressed the significant of incentive programs and supportive policies, such as tax breaks and regional manufacture.  The study comes to the conclusion that although both nations have made progress in the transition to electric vehicles, more has to be done in terms of policy creation, infrastructure development, and technological improvements in order to hasten the adoption of EVs in Russia and Indonesia.


Brewer's yeast tablets may be a useful therapy for Clostridium difficilediarrhoea in patients who do not respond to conventional treatment.


Recently, strong evidence was found for the presence of higher-order modes in the gravitational wave signals GW190412 and GW190814, which originated from compact binary coalescences with significantly asymmetric component masses. This has opened up the possibility of new tests of general relativity by looking at the way in which the higher-order modes are related to the basic signal. Here we further develop a test which assesses whether the amplitudes of sub-dominant harmonics are consistent with what is predicted by general relativity. To this end we incorporate a state-of-the-art waveform model with higher-order modes and precessing spins into a Bayesian parameter estimation and model selection framework. The analysis methodology is tested extensively through simulations. We investigate to what extent deviations in the relative amplitudes of the harmonics will be measurable depending on the properties of the source, and we map out correlations between our testing parameters and the inclination of the source with respect to the observer. Finally, we apply the test to GW190412 and GW190814, finding no evidence for violations of general relativity.


Younger males appear to be reassessing their roles in preventing unwanted conception. This article reports the findings of a study of the attitudes of 1,017 younger men toward pregnancy, family planning, and sexuality. A questionnaire was used over a 2-year period, administered before educational sessions conducted by the Planned Parenthood Association of the Chicago Area.


1. The chewing gum composition with a probiotic that contains: gum comprised of the soluble and insoluble parts; ! inactive probiotic, which may be activated by reaction with water; ! wherein the inactive probiotic is administered to the gum under such conditions that do not lead to loss of efficiency of an inactive probiotic to consumption of the chewing gum; and! composition shelf life of chewing gum with a probiotic that maintains the effectiveness of probiotics is more than six months. ! 2. The chewing gum composition with a probiotic of claim 1 which is a compressed chewing gum. ! 3. The chewing gum composition with probiotics according to claim 1, which is a multi-layered chewing gum. ! 4. The chewing gum composition with probiotics according to claim 1, wherein the inactive probiotic is administered to the chewing gum, is exposed to water, the content of which does not exceed 3 wt.%. ! 5. The chewing gum composition with probiotics according to claim 4, wherein the inactive probiotic is administered to the chewing gum, is exposed to water, the content of which does not exceed 1 wt.%. ! 6. The chewing gum composition with probiotics according to claim 1, wherein the inactive probiotic is administered to the chewing gum is subjected to the action of a temperature not exceeding 55 ° C. ! 7. The chewing gum composition with probiotics according to claim 1, wherein the inactive probiotic is administered to the chewing gum is subjected to the action of temperature exceeding 55 ° C, and rapidly cooled to a temperature not exceeding 55 ° C. ! 8. The chewing gum composition with probiotics according to claim 1, wherein the sleep n


In this study, 532 cases have been reviewed in the High Council of Health. Most of the physicians were obstetricians and surgeons. It is determined that 305 physicians (57.33%) were not responsible of the consequences while 186 (34.96 %) physicians (7.71%) were found guilty according to the articles 455 or 459 of the Turkish Penal Code and. 41 (7.71%) physicians were guilty of neglecting their duties and disobeying the rules.Keywords: Physician responsibility, malpractice.


The detrimental effects of environmental pollution on human health, combined with global climate change, make it a critical contemporary problem [...]


The rapid development of multimedia and network has challenged the traditional teaching mode and it has become a trend to make full use of multimedia and network to cultivate students' abilities of autonomous learning. Research shows that non-English major students in local colleges and universities have little sense and poor capability of conducting autonomous learning with the help of network. Based on the theory of autonomous learning, this paper explores the necessity of cultivating students' abilities of autonomous learning and puts forward some concrete suggestions.


In the recent times, as applications of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) are growing, attention is being paid to running WSN on alternate sources of energy enabling longevity of sensor node. opticalCENSE is one such application of sensor network to measure the parameters inside a Tokamak (a type of a Nuclear Fusion Reactor), where we are investigating the use of optical link for communication. Tokamak is a device used to magnetically confine the plasma at high temperatures. Once the node is placed inside reactor, it is very difficult to take it out. In such harsh conditions, battery operated sensor nodes cannot be used, so we are investigating the use of radio frequencies (RF) present inside the Tokamak to recharge the battery or other energy storage device. Thus a system for harvesting radio frequencies is proposed and being developed using state of art harvesting and storage technologies. The prototype is designed and tested for efficiency using two energy buffers, Supercapacitor and Thin Film batteries. This paper discusses the aspects of energy harvesting with respect to opticalCENSE which pertains to using RF as energy source, energy buffer technology and design constraints while designing such sensor nodes. RF source at a particular frequency was used to test the system to charge the energy buffers efficiently.


This paper analyzes one of the most profitable agricultural sectors, fishing and aquaculture, in the European Union (EU). A special focus is given to production, common fishery policy, fishing fleets, fishing areas, income in the agricultural branches, and employment in the aquaculture. The key figure in the management of fishing in the EU is the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). Ensuring the preservation of fish stocks is the main objective of the reform of the EU fisheries sector. This paper aims to give both theoretical and practical contributions and guidelines for solving problems and adopting appropriate actions, in the countries of the EU and those in an process of transition, towards improving production and consumption of fish and fish-based products.


Over the past decade, Super ESCOs have emerged as a viable alternative to private sector ESCOs. These government established entities are well positioned to address market barriers and realize energy efficiency potential of the public sector even as they facilitate the development of private sector ESCOs. The concept, structure, and functions of Super ESCOs are still evolving, but experience to date has shown that Super ESCOs can unlock energy efficiency markets facing challenges with financing, delivery, and implementation.


This report looks at the bespoke production of motor yacht Maryslim, the materials and techniques used and the issues that occurred. With the aim to turn the Maryslim design into a limited production run of 10 boats. The new production focuses on the manufacturing techniques used and the management strategies put in place to ensure the production runs smoothly and a high quality vessel is produced. The current economic climate has created the need for streamlining of manufacturing cost and investigation into how the production can be made more efficient, the original and new productions are compared to see what savings can be made through materials and labour.
The limited production run is a viable endeavour as there is an emerging market for boats that are more economical, useable in more weather conditions and can be taken further than the average motor yacht. There are systems that can be put in place to reduce costs whilst ensuring quality is not compromised.


1The mortality rate of ARDS still remains more than 40% and survivors suffer significant decrements in their quality of life. 2 In a retrospective analysis, 27% of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) developed ALI, and the development of ALI was an independent bad prognostic factor. 3 In an international observational study, high tidal volume was associated with the development of ALI after severe brain injury. 4


This paper presents the results of the authors' own research and literature research on the impact of selected environmental and agronomical factors on the yield of potato grown under the organic system and the possibility of increasing the yield. The results are based on research conducted for several years at the Institute of Plant Breeding and Acclimatization in Jadwisin, Poland. The influence of factors such as soil quality and climatic conditions, selection of varieties, seed potato preparation, irrigation of plantations, complementary fertilization, and protection against the late blight was described. The aim of this work was to indicate which of these factors affect the yield increase and to what extent. It was stated that it is possible to increase the yield of potato tubers grown under the organic system through all of the proposed treatments. In our studies, using drip irrigation and complementary fertilization had the greatest effect (25.5% and 19%, respectively). Seed potato presprouting had a smaller influence (4.3%) on the final tuber yield. In the years with high pressure of the pathogen Phytophthora infestans, the selection of cultivars with high resistance was very important. Most of the agronomical treatments not only improved the total yield of tubers, but also increased the share of tubers with a larger diameter. A very high variability of potato yielding depending on weather conditions and a selection of cultivars was emphasized. We can say that a proper agronomical practice carried out on an organic potato plantation can largely eliminate the yielding gap between a conventional and an organic system.


Graduate students often seek hands-on experiences in the international development field. Given that Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) provide hundreds of billions of dollars in aid each year, we expected that reviewing the design, implementation, and outcomes of their environmental projects would provide valuable learning outcomes for students. This novel study on Nature-based Solutions (NbS) in the Global Environment Facility (GEF) gave students the opportunity to engage directly with practitioners in the review of 50 environmental projects across 45 countries. A team of professionals from the Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel (STAP) of the GEF and eight students from the University of Michigan School for Environment and Sustainability and the University of Maryland School of Public Policy developed lessons learned from reviewing the GEF portfolio over a twenty-year time span. When screening projects for enabling conditions including theory of change, climate risk screening, multi-stakeholder engagement, and adaptive management, most had stronger explanations of the environmental than the social outcomes sought, and only more recent ones incorporated climate risk screening. The process and findings associated with this educational experience contributed to students' climate change leadership development; for example, by learning about the tradeoffs and possible co-benefits of improving both environmental conditions and livelihoods in less developed countries. Our research led to practice advice for the design of future GEF projects, as well as ideas for future coursework to further bridge the gap between theory and practice in academia, which we believe to be essential to preparing the next generation of climate leaders.


Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) are always exposed to intermittent hypoxia and reoxygenation. The metabolic syndrome (MetS) and OSAS are also known to accelerate atherosclerosis, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Therefore, nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy may have beneficial effects in patients with the MetS and OSAS.


We investigate the effects of two types of disorder on the electronic density of states of III-V semiconductors using simple tight-binding models and the empirical pseudopotential method. For the first type of disorder we consider a stoichiometric system with fourfold coordination, all bonds satisfied, variations in the bond lengths and angles, and only unlike-atom bonds. The second type of disorder includes the properties of the first with the addition of like-atom bonds. These two types of disorder are studied explicitly by taking GaAs as a prototype and making various GaAs structures using the atomic positions of certain crystal structures with short-range disorder. These structures are crystals; however, they have atoms in the primitive cells arranged in varying fashions. A comparison of the trends observed in the densities of states with the inclusion of different types of disorder reveals valuable information concerning the relationship of the structural nature of an amorphous system to its density of states. We present a model of the density of states of our amorphous prototype GaAs, for each type of disorder, which we believe would be consistent with some of the present experimental radial-distribution-function data. The effects of these types of disorder are discussed in general, and hopefully they will be useful in identifying specific types of disorder in amorphous samples.


Based on the requirement of dynamic strength in free-wheeling toys at the toy safety standard,this paper combined with the PLC technology,took S7-224 PLC to control the motion of MINAS A4 Series AC servo actuator.The method used PTO,the port of PLC and frequency-changeable high-speed pulse to control servo actuator.It applied internal high-speed counter to receive and count the feedback codes of servo actuator and realized closed loop controlling.This method can be used to realize the test of dynamic strength in free-wheeling toys and improved the precision of the testing rate.It emphasized on mechanism design,hardware structure,and software control principle and function characteristics of the dynamic strength tester and pointed out using the servo actuator can enhance the level of the whole system's autoimmunization.


Midwifery is the practice of assisting a woman through childbirth using natural procedures with limited
access to biomedicine. However, today in Malay community, midwifery continues to play an important role in both
traditional and modern cultural settings that involved with providing health care during pregnancy, childbirth and
postnatal care to both mother and newborn. Param or outer body treatment and Pilis known as forehead treatment
are two famous traditional Malay midwifery practices among Malay culture and exhibit a wide variation in plant
materials selection. This study established that plant materials selection differs with Malay midwifery practices,
locality, environmental factors and culture. A total of 19 Malay midwives were observed in four different states of
Malaysia in Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang and Johor. There were at least 8 most common plant materials used at all
4 localities during Berparam which are lime, Lengkuas, Kunyit, Cekur, Halia, Halia bara, garlic and Serai wangi.
Surprisingly none were similar in plant composition selection during Berpilisat all localities. At Kelantan and
Terengganu 2 species were used whereas in Pahang 3 species and Johor 9 species were used during Berpilis. All
plant materials composition for Berpilis at 4 different states was not similar. Paradoxically, for Berparam, many
similarities in term of species used from Kelantan, Pahang and Terengganu whereas from Johor the selection of
plant materials were also quite similar. The study highlighted on traditional Malay midwifery practices (Param and Pilis) in creating ethnic's identity and sense of place for landscape ethno-botany planting design in particular
locality.


Officers and Committees In September 1962 the trustees elected the following officers to their respective positions in the Founders Society: President William M. Day Vice-President Mrs. Henry Ford II Vice-President Ralph T. McElvenny Vice-President Alvan Macauley Jr. Vice-President Edward E. Rothman Treasurer John W. Shenefield Executive Director Willis F. Woods Executive Secretary Carl Tiedeman We were greatly saddened by the death, on June 19, 1962, of John N. Lord, our Treasurer and a member of the Board of Trustees. His passing was a tremendous loss as he had been very active in the work of the Society and had contributed greatly to its progress. Chairmen of the various standing committees of the Founders Society were appointed as follows:


Objective To establish the method of seminal plasma aspartate aminotransferase(AST)activity determination and the methodology evaluation.Methods The method of seminal plasma AST activity determination was established by the method of serum AST activity detection.According to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards(NCCLS)document EP5-A and EP6-A,its precision and linearity and the difference of the results between different technicians were also observed to evaluate the acceptability of the method.Results The intraassay coefficient of variation(CV)was 1.93%,inter-assay CV was 2.77%,between-day CV was 3.45%,total CV was 4.84% for low level sample.The intraassay CV was 0.48%,inter-assay CV was 0.53%,between-day CV was 0.53%,total CV was 0.89% for high level sample.The linearity was 1652 U/L.There was no significant difference in the AST activity detected by 2 technicians(P=0.423).Conclusion The acceptable method of seminal plasma AST activity determination could be established by the method of serum AST activity detection.


Highly centralised countries like Italy and Spain have devolved fiscal power to regions in an asymmetric way. Some well-off regions get transfers that turn them into net recipients of the fiscal system. We demonstrate in a political economy model of fiscal federalism that in centralised countries, side-payments are used to compensate regions that are set back by the fiscal system and can credibly threaten to secede. Compensation blocks political negotiation on alternative – more efficient – fiscal systems. We study two regions, Valle d'Aosta in Italy and País Vasco in Spain, as an example.


Cognitive Interviews: Review, Guidelines for Use and Application in Psychological Research Cognitive interviews are a method of identifying and correcting problems when responding to an item in a questionnaire. The basic idea is to understand why and how a person responds to a question. That is, he provides validity evidence based on the response process. However, there are differences on how these interviews should be developed. Therefore, a guide is presented to clarify the steps that make up this process and facilitate decision-making in its development. It is expected that this guide will be useful to future researchers either in the creation or adaptation of instruments as well as in instances preceding data collection.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Culture on Organization Citizenship Behavior (OCB) either partially or simultaneously at PT. Ching Luh Indonesia. This study uses an associative method with a quantitative approach. Sampling was 99 people. Data collection techniques and tools are literature study, observation and questionnaires or questionnaires. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis to determine the description of respondents' responses and data distribution, while inferential statistics are used for hypothesis testing. Data processing is assisted by Microsoft Excel and SPSS software version 23. If it is projected that the higher the value of Organizational Commitment (X1), Job Satisfaction (X2) and Organizational Culture (X3) at a certain value simultaneously, it will increase Organizational Citizenship Behavior (Y) at a certain value as well. Partially Job Satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (Y). While Organizational Commitment (X1) and Organizational Culture (X3) have no significant positive effect on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (Y).
Keywords: Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Culture, Organizational Citizenship Behavior


The birnaviridae is a group of viruses that has two seg ments of double stranded RNA that compose the genome. Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV),1) yellowtail as cites virus (YAV)2) and viral deformity virus (VDV)3) are members of this group and are important pathogenic viruses of fish. IPNV causes high mortality in young fry of salmonids. This virus attacks the cells of the digestive sys tem so that both the gut lining and the pancreas are des troyed. Acute infection of YAV in naturally or hatchery raised yellowtail fry has spread to the southwest of Japan. The moribund fry typically show anemic gills, hemorrhag ing in the liver, ascites, and petechiae in the pyloric caeca. YAV-like viruses have been isolated from the Japanese flounder, red sea bream, and other marine fishes. Of these viruses, IPNV has been the most extensively studied at the molecular level. However, the marine origine birnaviruses have not been examined in detail to date. Recently, birnaviruses were isolated from not only ma rine fish but also shellfish,4,5) which were found to be distin guishable from IPNV by serotyping6,7) and genogroupi ng.8) Originally, we used MBV as a tentative abbreviated name for these isolates,7) however, it is often confused with monodon baculovirus.9) We herein propose a new ab breviation, MABV, for the marine birnavirus. It has been reported for IPNV that the longer genome segment (segment A) is composed of four-gene coding for the major capsid protein (VP2), viral protease (NS), minor capsid protein (VP3) and a 17 kDa protein (VP5) whose function is unknown. 10,11) VP2, NS and VP3 are translated from a polysistronic mRNA as a polyprotein.10) VP5 has been reported as a product resulting from another open reading frame (ORF).10) This suggests that segment A pos sesses 2 ORFs. The polyprotein is processed to VP2, NS and VP3 by the activity of NS after translation.12) The com plete nucleotide sequence of the polyprotein has been reported for only two strains of IPNV.10,11) Molecular evolution of birnaviruses is important for de termining the origin and geographical distribution of differ ent strains. Molecular information may be useful for de veloping a recombinant vaccine for MABV as tried in IPNV.13) We have compared the sequence of MABV and IPNV at VP2/NS junction region!' This region has been reported to be variable among IPNV strains. 14,15) No se quences have been reported for MABV in other parts of the genome. In this study, we directly sequenced the complete poly protein gene using a PCR method and each coding region was analyzed. A conservative region was found in the cen ter of the VP2 gene. Additionally, VP3 and NS genes were compared with sequences from other IPNV strains. The VP5 ORF was found in MABV overlapping to the VP2


Anti-counterfeiting is very important in commodity circulation area because it protects the interests of producers and consumers. Product identification is a kind of common anti-counterfeiting means. An innovative method was developed in this paper with aim to identify packaged products by means of printed image. Target information was hidden in digital gray patch by use of this method and then the digital gray patch was duplicated through digital printer to achieve a hard copy. The information hidden was invisible on the hard copy and could be extracted via a decoding software developed in this paper. The method created here is radically different from the digital watermark technology, since it intends to hide information in hard copies that usually adopted by commodity packages. Experiment results showed that various information could be hidden well in printed duplicates and identified clearly through the decoding software. The method constructed by this paper is low-cost and effective and therefore provided a new candidate for the field of commodity security and identification.


Abstract Field induced deformation and electrocaloric effect are investigated in the vicinity of phase transition at 163°C. The sharp increase of electrostriction below Tc is explained by the field induced ferroelectric to antiferroelectric phase transition. The antiferroelectric phase appears and remains stable below Tc in the absence of field. Elastic compliance and thermal expansion as functions of temperature are studied.


The animal can respond in a number of physical ways, namely with behaviour and physiology. The icons to the right illustrate various welfare disciplines to measure these welfare responses: veterinary medicine, animal science (studying growth and reproduction), consumer demand (studying how hard animals will work for a reward), preference testing, (evolutionary) biology (studying survival and fitness), the study of abnormal behaviour, aggression, and stress-physiological research.


Context. Rotational velocity, lithium abundance, and the mass depth of the outer convective zone are key parameters in the study of the processes at work in the stellar interior, in particular when examining the poorly understood processes operating in the interior of solar‐analog stars. Aims. We investigate whether the large dispersion in the observed lithium abundances of solar‐analog stars can be explained by the depth behavior of the outer convective zone masses, within the framework of the standard convection model based on the local mixing‐length theory. We also aims to analyze the link between rotation and lithium abundance in solar‐analog stars. Methods. We computed a new extensive grid of stellar evolutionary models, applicable to solar‐analog stars, for a finely discreti zed set of mass and metallicity. From these models, the stellar mass, age, and mass depth of the outer convective zone were estimated for 117 solar‐analog stars, using Teff and [Fe/H] available in the literature, and the new HIPPARCOS trigonometric parallax measurements. Results. We determine the age and mass of the outer convective zone for a bona fide sample of 117 solar‐analog stars. No significant one‐to‐one correlation is found between the computed convection zone mass and published lithium abundance, indicating that the large A(Li) dispersion in solar analogs cannot be explained by the classical framework of envelope convective mixing coupled with lithium depletion at the bottom of the convection zone. Conclusions. These results illustrate the need for an extra‐mixing process to explain lithium behavior in solar‐analog stars, such a s, shear mixing caused by differential rotation. To derive a more realistic definition of s olar‐analog stars, as well as solar‐twin stars, it seems important to consider the inner physical properties of stars, such as convection, hence rotation and magnetic properties.


The invention relates to a pavement crack detection method capable of accurately acquiring crack characteristics and a pavement crack detection system capable of accurately acquiring crack characteristics. The method comprises the steps of acquiring a pavement image of a measured road section, analyzing the pavement image in real time, continuously judging a road section type of the current measured road section; storing the road section type; and calculating the crack characteristics according to a pavement image analysis result and the road section type of the measured road section. According to the method, the pavement image is analyzed in real time, and the road section type of the current measured road section is continuously judged in the process of acquiring the pavement image of the measured road section, so that during late-time analysis on a detection image of a pavement crack, according to the pavement image analysis result, with the combination of the road section type, the attribute of the pavement crack can be confirmed easily, and the area of the crack can be calculated more accurately.