As noticed in 1884 by Pierre Curie [1], physical properties of matter are tightly related to the kind of symmetry of the medium. Group theory is a systematic tool, though not always easy to handle, to exploit symmetry properties, for instance to find the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of an operator. Certain properties (optical activity, piezoelectricity) are forbidden in molecules or crystals of high symmetry. A few theorems (Noether, Goldstone) establish general relations between physical properties and symmetry. Applications of group theory to condensed matter physics, elementary particle physics, quantummechanics, electromagnetism are reviewed. Group theory is not only a tool, but also a beautiful construction which casts insight into natural phenomena. 1. SYMMETRY ET PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Life is possible on the Earth because of the physical properties of the molecules around us: O2, N2, H2O.... These physical properties depend much on symmetry. Thus, O2 and N2 molecules are symmetric with respect to their center (Fig. 1). This implies that their electric dipole moment is zero. This property is not altered when the molecule vibrates. Therefore, pure, dry air does not absorb the infrared radiation emitted by the Earth.1 Therefore the greenhouse effect results only from water and other less symmetric molecules. Oxygen and nitrogen do not contribute to the greenhouse effect. This is an essential result, although its proof is elementary. Another example concerns a material which is currently highly fashionable, graphene [2]. Its electronic structure has a remarkable property, namely the conduction band and the valence band are separated, except for a discrete set of points of the reciprocal space, where they touch. This is in contrast with the situation in a metal or an insulator or semiconductor. In Appendix A this is shown to result from symmetry. These are examples of the considerable simplification brought by symmetry in physical problems. In many cases, symmetry is more difficult to exploit, but makes the analysis easier. Then the concept of group and group theory may be useful. In the following introduction, we shall try to find the right compromise between too superficial and too technical considerations. 2. DEFINITION OF GROUPS A group is a set of elements gi with a multiplication rule which associates to any two elements gi , gj the product gi .gj or gigj . There is a neutral element or 'unity' 1 such that gi .1 = 1.gi = gi . Each element gi should have an inverse g −1 i such that gi .g −1 i = g−1 i .gi = 1. Multiplication is associative, gi .(gj .gk .) = (gi .gj .).gk . It may or may not be commutative. A group with a commutative multiplication 1 This argument ignores the electrons, which can be responsible for an electric dipole moment. However, the corresponding emission and absorption lines have a higher frequency. They can absorb the (visible) light coming from the sun, but not the infrared light reemitted by the Earth. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial License 3.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any noncommercial medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Article available at http://www.epj-conferences.org or http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20122200002 EPJ Web of Conferences Figure 1. symmetry of various molecules. Oxygen and nitrogen are centrosymmetric and remain such when they vibrate. Therefore, they can neither absorb nor emit infrared radiation. Water, carbon dioxyde and methane have a variable electric dipole moment when they vibrate, and thus can absorb and emit infrared radiation. Carbon dioxyde has a vanishing average electric dipole moment (a) but acquires a dipole moment when it vibrates (b). Methane a has an analogous property. (gi .gj = gj .gi) is called abelian. A group may be finite or infinite. A more rigorous treatment can be found in the chapter by Canals and Schober. The transformations which conserve a system (e.g. a polyhedron, a crystal...) form a group. The unity is the 'identical transformation' 1, which just transforms any object into itself. For example, if I is the symmetry with respect to a point O, it forms with the identical transformation a group of 2 elements. This group has been implicitly considered in the previous section but for such a simple problem the concept of group and group theory are not necessary. The group of the transformations which leave an object unchanged is called the symmetry of this object. This word 'symmetry' has thus a broader meaning than in usual life. 3. A LIST OF GROUPS USED BY PHYSICISTS The following list may be useful to the reader as a reminder. 1) The group of rotations around a given point in the three-dimensional space is called SO3 or SO(3). For instance, in the non-relativistic treatment of the hydrogen atom, the Hamiltonian is invariant under SO3 and this facilitates the search for the wave functions, as will be seen. More generally it is possible to define the group SO(n). 2) The group O3 or O(3) is that of proper and improper rotations in the three-dimensional space. It can be generated from SO3 by adding the centrosymmetry. An improper rotation is the product of a rotation by the symmetry with respect to a point. 3) The group of three dimensional translations is useful to describe the propagation of a free, nonrelativistic particle. 4) The group of rotations et translations in three dimensions. 5) The group of the translations which conserve a crystal is a sub-group of (3). 6) The group of the transformations which conserve a crystal is called the space group of the crystal. It is a sub-group of (4). Each element of a space group is the product of a translation by a rotation R around an axis that passes through a given point O. 7) The point group of a crystal is the group of the rotations R defined above. Point groups are finite groups.


Metaverse is a new type of social network based on Web3 and has multi-technology, decentralized and hyperspatial temporal features. In the Metaverse world, people play roles online and in 3D in the form of avatars. Therefore, the fields of electronic education can also take advantage of this new potential and provide the path of changes for availability and sustainability in the future. Until now, most of the research regarding the discussion of Metaverse and e-Learning has been around the benefits and the possibility of implementing educational systems on this platform, and they have focused more on the progress that Metaverse has made so far, and an educational system based on Metaverse has not yet been operationally implemented. All items are at the design level and in the best case, only a 3D environment is created to present the content non-dynamically. In this paper, we will present a Metaverse virtual e-Learning environment model, all the basic and infrastructural elements, and we will show the ideal mechanisms and technologies and their challenges. This model will lead to the easy development of Metaverse applications in the field of e-Learning.


Scan chain design is a major issue in circuit testing to minimize test overheads like area, delay and power. A number of works have been presented in the literature to optimize either delay or power by scan-chain reordering. Reordering for power minimization has been criticized mostly as it modifies the scan delay significantly, increasing test time. This paper presents a Genetic Algorithm based formulation to provide a trade-off between delay and power minimization in scan chain reordering to come up with the order of flip-flops on the chain based upon a weighted cost function of delay and power consumption metrics.


BackgroundVancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) is an increasingly common nosocomial pathogen causing significant morbidity and mortality in patients with neutropenic cancer. We evaluated outcomes in an observed cohort of subjects with VRE bacteremia and compare the effectiveness of 2 antibiotics commonly used to treat VRE infections: daptomycin and linezolid. MethodsPatients with neutropenic cancer with VRE blood stream infections treated with daptomycin or linezolid were identified through electronic medical record, and a retrospective chart review was conducted. ResultsEighty-one patients were included. There were 49 men (60%) and 32 women; the mean age was 59.3 years. Mean white blood cell count at the time of blood stream infection was 0.3, and the median duration of bacteremia was 2 days (range, 1–25 days). Leukemia was the underlying diagnosis in 82.7%. Only 4 patients received anti-VRE therapy within 4 hours, 14 patients received VRE-specific therapy within 24 hours of first positive culture. The overall treatment failure rate was 35.8%; daptomycin, 41.4%; and linezolid, 21.7% (P = 0.13). Primary causes of treatment failure were persistent bacteremia and death. The 30-day mortality rate was 38.3%. Of these 31 deaths, 22.6% were directly attributable to VRE, with VRE being contributory in an additional 22.6%. Overall mortality in patients treated with daptomycin (39.7%) or linezolid (34.8%) did not differ (P = 0.80). Resistance to both agents was observed. ConclusionsWe found a 38.3% 30-day mortality rate, emphasizing the need for prevention and perhaps early inclusion of VRE-specific therapy for those with known colonization. Outcomes of culture-directed therapy with linezolid or daptomycin did not differ by antibiotic choice.


This paper provides an overview of the attitudes of students and teachers toward the use of educational games in the teaching process. The study encompassed a didactic experiment, and adopted interviewing techniques and theoretical analysis. Likert distributions of attitudes to particular game types are presented in tables and the arithmetic means of Likert values are used as indicators of centrality. Spearman's rank correlations between teaching and student attitudes are also discussed. The research has shown that word associations, memory games, anagrams and quizzes are games that enhance students' motivation the most, whereas crosswords and rebuses have been found to be least interesting. Teachers, on the other hand, find that self-made games are better than ready-made games, as they inspire creativity in teaching.


Chapter 4 focuses on the development of pedagogical application. This chapter turns its gaze to the design of curricula that include visual elements. It focuses first on models of learning and how teaching can be best structured in the enhancement of learning. The focus then moves to how visual methods can be incorporated into the curriculum as a vehicle for learning and teaching but one which also provides a unique opportunity for students to engage in creative and practical assessment. Further, in this chapter we discuss the pedagogical implications of assessing work that goes beyond set parameters and suggests ways in which assessment criteria can mediate this.


Recognizing objects in images is an active area of research in computer vision. In the last two decades, there has been much progress and there are already object recognition systems operating in commercial products. However, most of the algorithms for detecting objects perform an exhaustive search across all locations and scales in the image comparing local image regions with an object model. That approach ignores the semantic structure of scenes and tries to solve the recognition problem by brute force. In the real world, objects tend to covary with other objects, providing a rich collection of contextual associations. These contextual associations can be used to reduce the search space by looking only in places in which the object is expected to be; this also increases performance, by rejecting patterns that look like the target but appear in unlikely places.
 Most modeling attempts so far have defined the context of an object in terms of other previously recognized objects. The drawback of this approach is that inferring the context becomes as difficult as detecting each object. An alternative view of context relies on using the entire scene information holistically. This approach is algorithmically attractive since it dispenses with the need for a prior step of individual object recognition. In this paper, we use a probabilistic framework for encoding the relationships between context and object properties and we show how an integrated system provides improved performance. We view this as a significant step toward general purpose machine vision systems.


This study presents a novel shape-morphing wheel that enables to not only traverse flat ground quickly in a circular configuration but also overcome obstacles like steps effectively in a transformed configuration. The proposed wheel mechanism has two degrees-of-freedoms (DOFs) to change its wheel radius and the tilting angle of its lobe simultaneously in response to obstacles of various sizes. The kinematic requirements for the 2-DOF shape-morphing wheel mechanism are first defined. Then, the proper mechanisms for the proposed wheel mechanism are exhaustively searched. As a result, five mechanisms are selected in combination with four-bar mechanism to synchronize the motions of wheel lobes. From the kinematic viewpoints including the singularity, transformation range and interference, the characteristics of selected mechanisms are analyzed extensively, and a novel 2-DOF shape-morphing wheel mechanism has been successfully constructed.


Flameless combustion enjoys the merit of reducing NOx emissions.By adopting an eddy dissipation concept(EDC) model based on a coupled skeleton chemical reaction mechanism,a three-dimensional numerical simulation and an experimental verification have been performed of the NOx generation process of a flameless combustion boiler featuring a normal-temperature air admission.It has been found from an analysis that the simulation results obtained by using the model in question are in relatively good agreement with the test actual measuring ones.The flameless combustion can result in excessively low NOx emissions with the emission concentration being below 20×10-6.NOx is generated mainly around a relatively wide space downstream of the jet flow.As the reaction zone is widened,the highest temperature in the combustion chamber is lower than 1 700 K and NO of the thermal type is sharply reduced relative to that of the flame combustion.The fast speed type NO amount is extremely low and the N2O-transformed type NO becomes the main route for the generation of NOx.


Background In 1986 the British Journal of Psychiatry published a study of physicians' and surgeons' management of psychological problems, later cited as evidence of barriers limiting liaison psychiatry. Aims To repeat the study after 16 years of liaison psychiatry. Method Anonymous, confidential questionnaires were distributed to doctors at St George's Hospital, London, replicating the original study. Results Most of the 225 respondents believed that psychological factors could influence physical prognosis and should be routinely assessed, with greater sense of responsibility for overdoses and dying patients. Most respondents found emotional assessment impractical. Although 78% wanted more psychiatric input, referrals were avoided because of 'stigmatisation'. Men were more likely than women to hold pejorative views, but outcomes no longer varied with seniority or speciality. Conclusions Compared with 1986, hospital doctors appear more aware of the psychological needs of patients.


A method according to this invention employs a set of valves, a series of pressure checks, and a physical stop for verifying the closing of a locking system of a cylindrical passageway. The method may also employ an equalization piping. The valves isolate a tapping machine, a pipeline, and the equalization piping from one another so that product cannot flow from one to the other. The valves are then opened as a series of pressure checks are performed. A completion plug is then lowered into the passageway until the plug comes to rest within the passageway and is oriented so that a locking ring of the plug is in a filly expanded position. The expanded position is then confirmed by raising the plug until its upward travel is restricted. The plug is then released and pressure above the plug is reduced to 0 psi gauge.


The robot, that can detect the explosives and can communicate with its base station by using the 3G Technology to broadcast the live movement of robot, this 3G technology provides here the fast communication and helps in the portable design. In the other hand, the explosives which have to be detected through the a) Microwave Sensor, b) Nuclear based sensor, which will be done by the propagation of UHF waves and by the gamma rays propagation on the objects respectively, and can be detected up to depth of 20 cm, with the less power consumption and in the efficient manner.


Detection and classification of electric transient signal were applied in many fields, such as transient protection and power quality analysis; besides picking-up available characteristics played an important role in the filed of transient signal identification. Based on multi-scales expression and the definition of two post-analysis methods (energy statistic and wavelet entropy), the EMTDC simulated models were built about five transient signals including single phase grounding, switch operating, capacitor switching, primary arc and lightning strike, the distribution rule along with scales of the five transient signals was given when they happened in different conditions. The results indicated that there were some laws based on multi-scales energy statistic and entropy measure, and it is able to cluster. Meanwhile, the analysis methods offered a new thought to fault classification.


Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia paradoxically predisposes patients to thrombotic complications. To assess the frequency of this problem, Canadian researchers followed daily platelet counts in 665 patients who were randomized to receive unfractionated or low-molecular-weight (LMW) heparin after hip …


As the unique city to conduct private car license plate auction in China,Shanghai gains rich experiences and great demonstration effects in regulation practice.After this policy has run for decades,the auction price climbs extremely high and more people tend to use non-local plates,which results in a decline policy performance.This paper first points out the reason for efficiency loss lies in the wide gap between relative travel rights and relative owning cost relating to local and non-local licenses.Second,with game analysis,it analyzes the coupling effects of congestion charge as a comprehensive and supplementary policy to plate auction.The result indicates that if the congestion charge objects focus on those using non-local licenses,people with high time value usually commute earlier to avoid the charge,while those with low time value remain on the road.Finally,sequential game analysis shows that under such policy coupling background of plate auction and congestion charging,the choices of local licenses will finally increase and new congestion will appear.A feasible measure should be setting up different charge rates to local and non-local licenses.


Nontyphoid strains of Salmonella enterica pose a great threat to human health. The problem of salmonellosis is aggravated compounded by the progressive spread of antibiotic resistance among clinical and agricultural strains of S. enterica. This literature review summarizes the current knowledge of the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in S. enterica and illustrates the diversity and complexity of molecular systems providing antibiotic resistance. The spectrum of natural resistance is described and the adaptive (acquired) mechanisms of resistance to representatives of the main classes of antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, nitrofurans, sulfonamides, fosfomycin and chloramphenicol, are thoroughly characterized. Particular emphasis is placed on the analysis of the molecular genetic mechanisms of S. enterica resistance to representatives of the most important classes of antibiotics — β-lactams, and to reserve antibiotics — polymyxins (colistin). Genetic determinants of resistance, transmitted by a horizontal path route are also described. The review analyzes only those variants of the molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance where the clinical significance has been proven by a set of correct genetic (sequencing) and biochemical (confirmation of the spectrum of hydrolyzed β-lactams) studies. The main ways of regulating the expression of antibiotic resistance are also described. Many S. enterica strains exhibit a combination of different mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and have a multiple resistance. The question was raised about the heterogeneity of the distribution of resistance among different groups/serotypes within the S. enterica species. In particular, some clonal complexes with signs of resistance are more successful pathogens in humans and animals. Salmonella, like most other bacteria, exhibit a non-canonical type of antibiotic resistance — biofilm resistance, which is realized through several mechanisms, the main of which are the filtering/sorption capacity of the biofilm matrix and the transformation of biofilm cells into dormant and persistent forms.Despite the fact that the functional significance of the molecular assemblies that determine antibiotic resistance is the same for all enterobacteria, the specification of the mechanisms of resistance in Salmonella is a necessary link for the development of molecular diagnostic systems for assessing the sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs.


According to previous workers, Mount Pendul were considered as micro gabbro intrusive rocks. However, in the present quarry area pillow basaltic lava flows are exposed in the eastern slope of the hill. The lava was erupted through a paleoconduit below deep sea water, having massive to autoclastic breccias, obsidian in the glassy rims and gradually changes to apanetic texture in the inner part. Microscopically, the obsidian is devitrified to become spherulites, while to the inner part the basaltic rock gradually changes from vitrophyric to hypocrystallin porphyritic textures. On the basis of the volcanic geology idea, the association of those basic intrusive and extrusive rocks is believed to be a remnant of Pendul Paleovolcano that has been eroded through the time. The age of volcanisms, particularly in Bayat area and regionally in the Southern Mountains, can be divided into four periods, e.g. Paleocene, Late Eocene - Early Oligocene, Early Miocene and Middle Miocene. However, based on the range of radiometric ages and predominant volcanic rocks in the Southern Mountains, it is suggested that volcanisms had been continued from Late Eocene to Early Miocene. The oldest (Paleocene) and the youngest (Middle Miocene) radiometric ages should be verified in order to develop researchs on volcanism and tectonics in the Southern Mountains, Java. Keywords: bayat, java, jiwo, paleovolcano, pendul, southern mountains


Obesity has been shown to play a central role in the metabolic syndrome, which increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease 1.5to 3-fold (1-3). In fact, evidence for a link between obesity and coronary artery disease (CAD) development has been repeatedly reported, possibly in part due to the development of a pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic state in obese subjects which favours atherosclerosis progression. Indeed, obesity, mainly through hyperlipidaemia and inflammation, contributes to increase plaque formation and vulnerability (4) as biologically active molecules produced by adipose tissue promote endothelial function impairment, disturb the haemostatic and fibrinolytic systems, and produce alterations in platelet function that affect the initiation, progression, and stabilization of intra-luminal thrombi (5) (▶ Figure 1). Moreover, obese patients show a lower response to some antithrombotic agents which has suggested that dosage regimes should be adjusted for these subjects.


Abstract Corrosion protection afforded by pretreating copper in aqueous benzotriazole solutions at temperatures ranging from 25 to 100 C were evaluated. Electrochemical characteristics of pretreated copper mirrors were monitored using rapid polarization techniques. Thickness of surface films were analyzed by infrared multiple reflectance spectroscopy. Topography of surface films prior to and subsequent to test exposures was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Defects in protective films on pretreated copper mirrors were detected by immersion in silver nitrate solutions. The resulting silver "decorations" identified both the location and density of active corrosion sites in the multilayer protective films. Exchange current densities, corrosion current densities, corrosion rates determined by chemical analyses, electrical double layer capacities, and the densities of active corrosion sites all showed similar dependencies on pretreatment temperatures. All techniques indicated that the protectiveness of...


This paper presents a new conjugation theory and a new design methodology for the advanced conjugation design based on CAD (computer aided design) and CAE (computer aided engineering). A general conjugation theory called manifold conjugation is established based on the classic conjugation theory and manifold theory. It leads to both smooth conjugation modeling and discrete conjugation modeling. The former one has been studied in the previous work for design optimization of analytical conjugation properties. The latter one is a desirable methodology for the conjugation design based on CAE simulation. The paper brings up a new perspective towards conjugation representation theory, leading to a new design process. Contrary to the traditional idea that CAD has to be known before and separated from CAE, the new theory suggests using discrete manifold to bridge CAD and CAE. Furthermore, discrete modeling techniques from CG (computer graphics) such as subdivision can be employed for conjugation modeling and design. Two planar examples that minimize gear PPTE (peak to peak transmission error) show that the methodology is capable of and effective in conjugation optimization.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


Considering the need to display the work of higher vocational students and arouse their interest in learning,this paper designs a work display system for the higher vocational students. The system is mainly based on the Java EE platform,drawing technology from Hibernate and Struts frameworks and using My SQL as the background database server. Through an in-depth analysis on the requirements,the system is designed to be composed of two parts: front presentation and background management. It also discusses the realization of the corresponding functions and finishes the basic test. The successful application of the system provides a show case and exchange platform for higher vocational students.


It is a new field and less domestic practice to utilize urban design theory in small towns planning.It is new research direction to establish small town design theory.This paper discussed the object,type and design content at different stage of urban design of small town at cold climate.It is aimed to explore the different aspect of urban design research and try to present the key problems of small town design theory.


- Sugar is probably the most established ware on the planet. It very well may be delivered from Saccharum officinarum , sugar beet, or different yields having sugar content. Saccharum officinarum is an inexhaustible eco-accommodating source as it replicates in patterns of short of what one year. In the examination, trees for paper creation, by and large, take 7 to 10 years to arrive at development, the double sugar (disaccharide) synthetic such normally contains glucose and fructose. Saccharum officinarum liquid is plentiful in natural endowment, for example, P, K, Ca, Fe, and Mg and nutrients, for example, nutrient retinoic acid or beta-carotene (plant version), thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinamide, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, ascorbic acid, and alpha-tocopherol. Around 90-95 mL of Saccharum officinarum liquid holds 36-37 caloric power and 7-8 g of starches. Ethanol is can be utilized as a biofuel option in contrast to gas and is broadly utilized in vehicles in Brazil. It is a C4 plant, ready to change over up to one percent of episode sun-oriented power into renewable energy. The extra stringy build-up called bagasse (45-half dampness content) after juice extraction measure is usually combusted to create heat/power for in-plant use, it is one of the most effective photo-synthesizers in the plant kingdom. Saccharum officinarum leaves are normally covered by wax which is observed as a significant wellspring of different policosanols and D-003, and the industry of Saccharum officinarum not just produces sugar it will diminish joblessness and play a key role in the enhancement of Gross Domestic Product .


PURPOSE: A dart game apparatus is provided to insure enjoyable dart games by changing a dart board which is attachable and separable from the settling part whenever necessary, and to ease the maintenance process by simply replacing the dart board. CONSTITUTION: A dart game apparatus comprises: a main body member(100); a dart board(200) located in one side of the main body member; and a board settling part(300) also located in one side of the main body member. The dart board is attachable and separable from the board settling part. The dart board comprises: a board main body(210); and a projection unit(220) projected from the circumference of the board main body to the outside. The board settling part comprises: a depression unit(310) in which the board main body locates; an insertion unit(320) in which the projection unit passes through; and a supporting guide unit(330) formed along the inner circumference of the depression unit with a connection with the insertion unit.


Abstract This paper deals with the synchromesh behaviour of the manual car gearbox. Firstly, the state of the art on Borg-Warner-type synchronizers is presented. Then, the gear-changing process is studied and eight main operating phases are defined. The phases are described using classical tribological, mechanics, and thermodynamics theories. Models are interconnected to describe synchronizer behaviour and they are included in a numerical simulation software. Measured data are compared with the results of simulation software. Then, stick-slip phenomenon during gear changing is studied. Stick-slip is supposed to be present in two contact zones: sleeve splines and the synchronizer cone. The effects in both zones are discussed. Finally, the double bump phenomenon is studied. Double bump is assumed to be the maximum axial operating force coming from short successive phases at the end of the gear-changing process. Due to the angular integer division of splines and to the non-definite angular position of mechanical parts, sliding sleeve displacement into the ring and gear claw clutch splines gives secondary angular rotation and large increases in the axial operating force. The model can explain large variations and random dispersion of the measured double bump force peaks.


This study reports nine cases of wound myiasis that were caused by the green bottle fly, Lucilia sericata in domestic herbivorous animals (sheep and cattle) during November 2016 in Latifiya District, Baghdad. The cases were recorded by the 14th July Veterinary Dispensary. Specimens of 216 larvae were collected from the wounds and the identification was made by the first author as Lucilia sericata. Four of the wound cases were caused by barbed wires, two by dog bites, one by trauma and others through umbilicus of the new born calf. The locations of the wounds were distributed between fatty tail, umbilicus, thighs and eyes. This study reports the first outbreak of this fly causing myiasis in Iraq.


When one thinks about movements in the Brazilian literary field, it is customary to mention the emergence of new agents that, at best, will share the public sphere of creation and the debate surrounding the works. However, this idea of inclusion hides the more pungent dispute about this central space, which obviously does not include the diversity indiscriminately. New agents assume the replacement of old agents, or traditional modes of literary production. Thus, we identify in the literary autobiography of Cristovao Tezza, O espirito da prosa, an example of a reaction of the center against movements that, in one way or another, misrepresent a certain concept of literary practice defended there, and that have their key in the praise of the "subject-writer", as Tezza puts it.


BackgroundThe effect of valve deformity and patient age adversely affect the results of percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC) with conventional balloons. Methods and ResultsThese factors were characterized after PTMC with the Inoue balloon. The increases in mitral valve area and mitral regurgitation after the procedure were evaluated comparing echocardiographic score of 8 or less versus more than 8, age of less than 60 versus age of 60 years or more, and age of less than 70 versus age of 70 years or more. One hundred sixty-two patients (mean age, 52±14 years) were studied. For the entire group, mitral valve area increased from 1.0 to 1.8 cm2 (p < 0.001). Valve area increased from 1.0±0.3 to 1.8±0.6 cm2 in patients with echocardiographic score of 8 or less (n = 102) and from 1.0±0.3 to 1.7±0.5 cm2 with echocardiographic score of more than 8 (n =44). Patients less than 60 years old (n = 104) had increases in valve area from 1.0±0.3 to 1.8±0.6 cm2 versus 1.0±0.4 to 1.8±0.6 cm2 for those 60 years old or older (n = 50) (p = NS). There was no significant difference in resultant valve area when the age division was increased to less than 70 versus 70 years or more. Similarly, the percentage of patients with 2+ or greater increase in mitral regurgitation was not different for those with higher than for those with lower echocardiographic scores (4% versus 12%, p = NS), age of less than 60 versus age of 60 years or more (10% versus 10%, p = NS), or age of less than 70 versus age of 70 or more years (9% versus 18%, p = NS). Valve replacement for mitral regurgitation was performed in four patients (one emergency), all with echocardiographic scores of less than 8 ConclusionsAge and extent of valve deformity do not have significant effects on acute results of PTMC using the Inoue balloon. Unique balloon geometry or the controlled, stepwise balloon sizing may explain these acceptable acute results in patients with more-deformed valves. (Circulation 1992;85:180-187)


The hypertension is a well know problem and associated with a high salt consuming is one of the commonest chronic diseases.To measure the impact of this consuming it has been applied the methodology provided by the Business Case tool (BC Tool), in a Portuguese foundation for elderly, in order to contribute for Intervention Plan for the reduction of hypertension which aims to reduce salt consumption in the Portuguese population and to improve the control of Hypertension through a phased reduction in salt consumption.This objective has been achieved by changing the availability of foods with lower salt contents and by decreasing the addition of salt in cooking. The results of these measures provided a substantial benefit in terms of Benefits Measurements and Cost Analysis besides the results of SROI measurement in order to obtain the social benefits of this initiative of the Intervention plan to reduce hypertension. Along these results it has been collected the suggestions for improvements that would allow the Sarah Beirão Foundation's response to the needs of its users to be improved


While travel demand and traffic assignment models become more and more mature, and while each model is highly dependent on the other one, a fully dynamic integrated model has not been implemented yet. The work that is presented in this paper is an effort toward advancing the state of integration between activity-based models and traffic assignment routines. In this study, a time-incremental dynamic traffic assignment model has been developed and integrated with ADAPTS, a dynamic activity based travel demand model developed for the Chicago region. Despite other integration studies, the most updated level of service (LOS) from the dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) model is used in updating activity plans and schedules during the simulation. For validation, a 10% sample of the population of the region were synthesized and fed into the integrated model. The model then generated travel activities of individuals and simulated them on the network while updating activity plans and schedules at the end of each interval using updated network condition.


In this paper, a rapid detection method of human hand is proposed, which can determine the position of human hand in real time. Since YOLOv3 shows good accuracy in the field of object detection, a detection method based on YOLOv3 is proposed. Because of the larger model after training and the high demand for the computing power of the platform, the model is difficult to be applied to embedded devices. In order to solve the problem of large model, a new network slimming method is proposed in this paper. The method combines channel pruning and layer pruning to compress the model, and finally the precision is picked up by fine-tuning. The sparsity training step for the model is required before the pruning operation and this step can be applied to any typical CNNs or fully connected networks. The experimental results demonstrate that the mAP (Mean Average Precision) reaches 0.76, and the inference speed reaches 9.0 ms. Therefore, the proposed algorithm is capable of realtime detection.


It is now generally recognized that the shell or egg envelope of nematode eggs consists of three layers of different chemical composition. These layers are: 1) the inner vitelline membrane; 2) the true shell; 3) the outer protein layer. Cruzia americana Maplestone, 1930 was redescribed by Crites (1956). In this nematode, the sequence of development of the egg and its membranes is as follows: The egg cells are produced from the germinal epithelium at the distal end of the ovary. As they pass down the ovarian tube, along the side of the rachis, each egg accumulates yolk material forming a vitellus. Sections through the distal part of the growth zone of the ovary show no membrane around the vitellus at this point. In the proximal end of the ovary the vitellus becomes pyramidal in shape, containing a germinal condensation and a nucleus. The egg at this point is surrounded by a definite membrane, the vitelline membrane (fig. 1 to 5). After the egg has entered the oviduct, the vitelline membrane can be seen clearly surrounding the yolk. The ovum begins to assume the oval shape typical of the genus Cruzia. Whether this change in shape results from the contraction of the vitellus or is caused by action of the oviduct is not known (fig. 5 to 8). Sperm penetration occurs in the oviduct close to the ovary. The shell begins to form immediately afterward. The shell forms first as a thin layer, but later it thickens from 1 to 3 n as the eggs pass down the oviduct. The author believes that the shell is of endogenous origin. The protein coat is absent in eggs in the oviduct. This external layer forms around the egg in the distal end of the uterus. This covering thickens slightly and becomes ridged as the egg moves farther down the uterus. The protein coat is probably exogenous, being formed from a secretion of the uterine wall. In preparations stained with either mucicarmine or Erlich's glycerine alum haemotoxylin, the uterine wall shows droplets which stain with the same intensity as the protein coat of the egg. These stains, however, are not very specific, and this can be considered only as an indication that the outer coat is secreted by the uterine wall. The sculpturing of ridges in the protein coat is difficult to explain. Christenson (Chitwood and Chitwood, 1937) proposes that the mammillations of the eggs of Ascaris may be due to the basic principle of colloidal behavior. He believes that protein droplets accumulate around the shell, afterwards adhering and congealing and thus giving rise to a definite pattern. While the eggs are in the uterus, the vitellus shrinks away from the vitelline membrane leaving a fluid-filled cavity between it and the vitelline membrane, the peri vitelline space. Walton (1924) reported that eggs of Cruzia tentaculata are oviposited while in a one-cell stage. The egg of C. americana, however, undergoes cleavage while in the uterus, and is oviposited while in a morula stage (fig. 11).


Graphene oxide (GO) walled channels filled by sulfate ions exhibit an optimized proton conductivity, which is higher than the proton conductivity of all other forms of GO. The sulphate ion increases the water absorbing capacity and hydrogen bond reformation process in GO.


The present application provides a dual gas fuel supply system (100) and a method for supplying two gas fuels. The system may include: (a) a low energy gas supply system (102) having a low energy gas inlet (110), a gas manifold (112), a low power gas-primary manifold outlet (114) and a low-energy secondary gas manifold outlet (116); (B) a high-energy gas supply system (104), which has a high energy gas inlet (118) and a high energy gas-primary manifold outlet (120); (C) a primary manifold (106); and (d) a secondary manifold (108), wherein the low energy gas-primary manifold outlet (114) and the high-energy gas-primary manifold outlet (120) to the primary manifold (106) are coupled, wherein the low energy secondary gas manifold outlet (116) to the secondary manifold (108) coupled and wherein the low energy gas supply system (102) further comprises a primary low-energy gas stop and -Drucksteuerventil (140) between the gas manifold (112) and the low energy gas-primary manifold outlet (114).


A high isolation 4‐port diplexer implemented using double‐sided parallel‐strip lines (DSPSLs) is presented in this letter. Two back‐to‐back 3‐port diplexers and a 180° phase shifter are employed to construct the proposed device. The DSPSL structure enables a compact phase shifter without incurring any extra circuit footprint. The 4‐port circuit topology suppresses the leakage between the 2 channels by signal cancellation, resulting in significantly improved channel isolation. For demonstration, a 4‐port diplexer with operating frequencies of 1.85 and 2.1 GHz is designed, fabricated and measured. The experimental results show that the 4‐port diplexer has good in‐band performance and high isolation of 50 and 51 dB. This is an improvement of over 23 dB compared with the conventional 3‐port diplexer.


A study to evaluate a stone matrix asphalt (SMA)-like asphalt mixture termed "stone skeleton asphalt" was conducted. The concept of stone skeleton asphalt was a mixture that would have similar performance characteristics to typical SMA mixtures, but without the elements contained in SMA mixtures that increase its cost. A 19.0 mm nominal maximum aggregate size (NMAS) limestone/granite blend SMA was used as a control mixture, from which cost increasing elements were systemically removed to assess their influence on volumetrics, draindown, and performance. Performance tests included resistance to rutting and falling-head permeability testing. The inclusion of fibers increased the mixture's voids in mineral aggregate (VMA) and optimum asphalt content. The absence of fibers did increase the amount of draindown compared to the mixtures with fibers included, but did not exceed the maximum specified limit. The rutting results from the mixtures containing PG 67-22 and fibers, and particularly the additional percentage of fly ash, indicated similar results to those of the mixtures with a modified PG 76-22 asphalt binder. At typical in-place densities, stone skeleton mixtures appear to be permeable. The potential impacts on the mixtures durability were not evaluated in this study.


This paper intends to analyze the importance of the perception of the value of luxury in three dimensions: social, individual and functional, in the probability of buying a luxury brand. In line with this, a set of constructs including the three dimensions is considered. The dimensions considered are: brand prestige (social value), brand distinctiveness and brand attractiveness (social and individual values) and brand coherence (functional value). To measure the perception of the value of luxury and its impact in the probability of buying a luxury brand, a quantitative methodology was used. A survey was developed and data was collected through an online questionnaire about the perceptions of consumers on Chanel - a well-known luxury brand. The proposed model was estimated using Logistic Regression of the probability of buying Chanel considering a set of pre-defined variables: socio-demographic variables and brand coherence, brand prestige, brand distinctiveness and brand attractiveness. The results show that brand prestige and brand attractiveness increase the probability of purchase Chanel. Regarding the socio-demographic variables considered the results show that only the income influences the probability of buying Chanel. This research is important to the development of luxury brand management because the answers of the respondents are considered only if the they are consumers of the brand (buyers) and if they show a strong attachment to the brand as well as recognition for its prestige and attractiveness. Taking into account that previous studies regarding luxury buying behavior have a major focus on social issues, the innovativeness of this research is the conjunction of the three dimensions of the perceptions of the consumers – individual, social and functional – to explain the buying behavior of luxury brands.


Numerous parties have used traditional exercises as interventions to improve individuals' physical activity levels. These were found to be effective in reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as hypertension, heart diseases, and diabetes. Recent studies have shown that exergames are alternative approaches of physical activity intervention. This paper presents the preliminary design of an exergaming system with force haptic feedback. The system will be used to investigate the relationship between body movements, energy expenditure, and muscle activities during upper-extremity-focused and lower-extremity-focused exergames. The results generated from experiments performed with the system will serve as useful references for developing standards and guidelines for selecting the appropriate types of exergames for specific intended outcomes.


Abstract An analysis of log-making (bucking) performance for five logging crews in southern Appalachian mixed-hard- wood stands of Virginia and West Virginia was conducted. Cutting accuracy and value recovery were analyzed and compared to an optimal solution that was determined through the use of the HW-BUCK computer software. In total 148 trees were bucked into 510 logs and only 11 percent were cut accurately. Fifteen percent were under cut and 74 percent were over length. The crew with the best performance in length cutting accuracy also recorded the lowest value recovery loss. An average value loss of 20.7 percent was calculated for all five crews.


Three reconstructions of the trachea using a piece of clavicular bone attached to a deltopectoral flap (D-P flap) were reported. Two cases had thyroid cancer, and one the other adenoid cystic cancer arising from the thachea. More than half of the trachea wall was resected in various lengths due to the invasion of the respective tumors. Excellent results were obtained by this procedure, although two staged operations were inevitable. The natural physiological length of the trachea was preserved.Postoperatively, these patients are free from any respiratory compromise or difficulties in verbal communication. Thus, this procedure could become a useful, safe and reliable method for tracheal reconstruction in cases with considerable tumor invasion into the trachea.


the evening of the 17th December, he took his food and made no complaint of any illness or pain. At about 5-15 a.m. next day, before unlock, he went to the urinal, passed urine walked back to his place in the dormitory and lay down. The convict night watchman accompanied him to the urinal and back. He says the man made no complaint of illness, walked quite steady and did not appear to be at all out of sorts. At 5-30 the dormitory was opened by one of the


Giant cell tumor of bone(GCT) is a benign tumor of bone,but it have characteristics of local high aggressiveness and high rate of recurrence, and even lung metastasis,it is described as "invasive potential malignancies" in the new classification of WHO.At present,there is no precise histological parameters can reflect its biological behaviour.With the development of research on the structure,function,expression and regulation of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP),people have found that MMP play an important role in regulating multiplication of tumor cell,degradateing basilar membrane and bringing about neovascul-arization in the growth,invasion,recidivism and metastasis of Giant cell tumor of bone.Functions of MMP are approximately same,but its expressions are inconsistent in bone tumor,So far,a specific marker which can predict early recidivism and metastasis of MMP has been not found out.In this paper,we summarize the present situation of studying on MMP in GCT.


Conceptions of national boundaries (both geographic and cultural), of the nature of the citizen-subject and of the rights and duties entailed by citizenship (or subjecthood) are all dependent on constructed versions of the past.1 These constructions play a powerful role in how individuals and groups both understand their social and cultural milieux, and construct their own collective and individual identities, including gendered ones. Constructions of the past that circulate on film and television are particularly crucial to interrogate, given their broad reach, their emotional mode of address and their ability to engage audiences on a sensory level. Indeed, Robert Rosenstone even argues that historical films have the potential to change the nature of our relation with the past, much as written history once challenged the oral tradition.2 If Marshall McLuhan was correct about this ancient moment of cultural transformation ('Homer knows nothing about private identity: his world is that of the acoustic epic, the tribal encyclopaedia of memorised wisdom . . . that preceded literacy and (was) phased out by literacy') then we may also follow him in recognising historical film as part of the 'electronic culture' of sensory plenitude that McLuhan hailed in 1970, just as Ryan's Daughter was being released.3 The linear chains of causation that characterise written history are, in the cinematic history characteristic of McLuhan's 'acoustic world', replaced by an appeal to the haptic and a sense of simultaneity once confined to experimental and non-Hollywood historical films, that have since become increasingly mainstream.4 For decades, research on historical films has revealed how individual films function as works of history; has charted their conventions for representing the past; has analysed their relation to the time in which they were made or exhibited; has emphasised their role in propagating received or revisionist accounts of battles, persons and periods; and has generally recognised their relevance to cultural memory.5 More targeted analyses of gender in historical films have often focused on generic categories such as biopics, war films, epics and melodramas.6 Although the film that is the subject of this article, Ryan's Daughter, was marketed as an epic (albeit not of the melodramatic kind), this article takes a different approach that does not centre on genre. Instead, I seek to emphasise a different aspect of the gendering work of this historical film, approaching historical and geographical analysis in an intertwined way.


Currently, the science and subject of sports pedagogy, which studies the pedagogical activity of the trainer in the field of physical education, is spreading widely as a relatively young special knowledge. In its emergence and rapid development, the interest and contribution of scientists from Germany, Switzerland, the USA, Japan, Sweden, and Russia were great. This article describes the role and importance of sports pedagogy in the process of personality formation and the process of development as a science.


Deposit portfolio is identified as a key financial indicator that determines the profitability of a commercial bank. Hence, for a commercial bank to be profitable, it must be able to collect deposits at reasonable rates to lend to the customers. Therefore, it implies that a bank that can generate more deposits will generate more profits, if all other factors remain constant. The aim of this study is to investigate extensively whether there is a relationship between the deposit portfolio in terms of demand deposits, savings deposits and fixed deposits and commercial banks' financial performance and the correlation between those variables. This was evaluated using a quantitative research approach and cross sectional design method and this study examined the impact of the level of deposits towards the financial performance of the listed commercial banks in Sri Lanka during the period from 2013 to 2017. For this study, it used all twelve (12) commercial banks listed in Colombo Stock Exchange as of 31 December 2017 and the financial data was gathered by using the annual reports published by each commercial bank during the respective period. When it comes to Sri Lankan context, a dearth of researches could be noted that has been carried out on the level of deposit portfolio and financial performance of commercial banks. Therefore, this study contributed to analyze the impact of level of deposits on financial performance of commercial banks in Sri Lanka.


Glass fiber reinforced gypsum (GFRG) walls and their associated building system are the new building product and building system that have been developed in the Australian building industry in the last decade. GFRG walls are factory made glass-fiber reinforced gypsum hollow walling panels with/without in situ reinforced concrete filling inside the cavities. GFRG can be used as various structural elements, such as walls and slabs. GFRG, in its short life, without extensive product development and comprehensive structural design guidelines, has been used as the principal wall construction material in more than 3,000 dwellings across Australia. As GFRG walls find more and more applications and interests in the building industry in Australia as well as in other countries, comprehensive structural design guidelines for GFRG walls and their building system have become necessary. Comprehensive experimental testing and theoretical studies started in 2002 as an international research and development program to develop structural design guidelines for GFRG walls. The axial and shear tests are reported in this paper.


Atmospheric ozone causes various highly reactive intermediates (eg. peroxyl and superoxide radicals, H{sub 2}O{sub 2} etc.) to form in plant tissues. A plants productivity in environments with ozone may be related to its ability to scavenge the free radicals formed. The effects of ozone on photosynthesis (PS) and some free radical scavengers were measured in poplars (fifth emergent leaf). Clonal poplars (P. deltoides X P. cv. caudina) were grown and fumigated with 180 ppb ozone for 3 h at appropriate times. Total glutathione (GSH GSSG) increased in fumigated leaves. The ratio of GSH/GSSG decreased from 18.8 to 1.2 in fumigated plants. Superoxide dismutase levels increased 2-fold in fumigated plants. PS declined approx. 50% in fumigated plants even though electron transport and HADPH levels were unaffected. We speculate that reduced PS may be due to a diversion of energy to ozone adaptation processes.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the difference of hypaconitine concentration in serum between normal and cold-deficiency mice after administration of aconite decoction. To analyze how the toxic dose of aconite decoction correlate to the metabolic environment.

METHOD
Prepared cold-deficiency mice model, treated normal and cold-deficiency mice with aconite decoction for 14 days continuously, and then detected hypaconitine concentration in serum by HPLC along with survival ratio of mice on the first, seventh and fourteenth day.

RESULT
After administration of aconite decoction for 14 days, the hypaconitine concentration in serum of cold-deficiency mice is close to that in normal mice. It showed aconite decoction has the ability of regulating metabolism environment, the hypaconitine concentration in serum of normal mice was higher on the seventh and fourteenth day than that on first day. It showed that aconite decoction can disturb metabolism environment of normal mice. It was also been observed that the range of variation of hypaconitine concentration in cold-deficiency mice was minor than that in normal mice during the fourteen days' administration.

CONCLUSION
The difference of serum concentration in normal and cold-deficiency mice showed that there were different metabolic environments in two mice models, and the metabolic environment changed during administration. These results showed that the different toxic doses of aconite decoction were partially due to the different metabolic environments.


This barchelor thesis is about issue of registration of the vehicle fleet in small to medium-sized companies. Within the searches were compared three systems has become available for free or for money. The resulting application ensures for small businesses and most medium-sized businesses fleet management, creating reservations, carpool and becomes a repository for records of technical and service checks. This application was developed in PHP framework Nette.


Pasture quality is an important component in grazing and livestock management and a key driver of animal performance. Accurate, real-time information on pasture quality can help farm managers in decision making. This study investigated the potential applicability of optical sensors to estimate pasture quality parameters in the field, these have been trialled as part of the P21 Feed Programme, contract No. C10X0604. This paper summarises the spectral approaches which have been taken to investigate the potential of: 1) The Multispectral approach, where sensing devices (Crop CircleTM and CROPSCANTM) have a limited number of spectral bands, around the VIS and NIR parts of the spectrum with broad spectral resolution, these can be used to estimate pasture quality parameters such as crude protein. 2) A Hyperspectral approach provides fine resolution, using reflectance data spanning from 350 nm to 2500nm, to derive estimates of crude protein, acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre, metabolisable energy, lignin and organic matter digestibility. To extract spectral information and to correlate with reference values, various statistical tools (univariate and multivariate techniques) were used. All in-field measurements were supported by an extensive programme of laboratory NIR and wet chemistry measurements for calibration and validation. Initial results suggest that pasture quality can be accurately estimated using optical sensors and associated statistical methods, providing a useful management tool for farmers. Introduction: In New Zealand, grazed pastures are the main source (85% or more of the total feed) for livestock feed, hence it is considered economically significant. In pasture management, measurements of pasture quantity are an essential operation for efficient feed management and to improve animal performance (Holmes, et al., 2007). To this date, pasture mangers used a wide range of mainly pedestrian quantity measurement devices in decision making. More recently the C-Dax Pasture Meter ® has been used; this is attached to an ATV and provides rapid measurement of pasture as well as integrating with farm management software to provide a more efficient measurement system. Although a significant step forward, quantity based decision may still have their limitations as pasture quality is variable through seasonal and management effects, these influence animal performance. Consequently, quality based decision making approaches are being developed; thereby animal performance could be improved by optimising the pasture component of the diet. These would be used in conjunction with pasture quantity methods to establish the total nutrient availability in a


IT IS about three-quarters of a century since the early anthropologists and sociologists attempted to formulate cultural regularities in generalized or scientific terms. The specific evolutionary formulations of such writers as Morgan1 and Tylor2 and the functional or sociological formulations of Durkheim and others were largely repudiated by the 20th century anthropologists, especially by those of the so-called "Boas" school, whose field work tested and cast doubt on their validity. Today, despite an enormous and ever-increasing stock-pile of cultural data, little effort has been made to devise new formulations or even to develop a methodology for doing so, except as White and Childe have kept alive the tradition of Morgan, as Radcliffe-Brown and Redfield have continued in the spirit of Durkheim, and as Malinowski has attempted to reconcile diverse schools of anthropology through a "scientific theory of culture." Reaction to evolutionism and scientific functionalism has very nearly amounted to a denial that regularities exist; that is, to a claim that history never repeats itself. While it is theoretically admitted that cause and effect operate in cultural phenomena, it is considered somewhat rash to mention causality, let alone "law," in specific cases. Attention is centered on cultural differences, particulars, and peculiarities, and culture is often treated as if it developed quixotically, without determinable causes, or else appeared fullblown.


The wheat dough mixing process today, is not perceived only as the blending process of the input materials. During the wheat dough mixing there are many factors which affect the final quality and processiblity of wheat doughs. This study describe the rheologic behaviour of doughs mixed on the Diosna SP12 kneader in particular stages of their development in dependecy from the mixing settings. The processing parameters as mixing energy, temperature increase and spiral rotation was monitored with the causal relationships to the evolving rheologic parameters of processed dough. The basic presumptions about interrealtions among rheologic and processing parameters during dough development for used flours and mixer were adumbrated. The relations among rheological and processing properties towards to product quality were determined by baking tests. doi:10.5219/117


Introduction: Tooth loss impairs the quality of life, often substantially, and affects the well-being of the person as missing teeth can interfere with chewing ability, diction, and esthetics. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the present research was to investigate the reasons for extractions of permanent teeth and the current status of the existing teeth in adult patients visiting dental clinics in Guntur. Methodology: Places where the dental services are available were stratified. One government general hospital (GGH) in Guntur where dental services are available and one teaching-based private dental institution (Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences [SIDS]) were included in the study. Fifteen private clinics were randomly selected from a total of 107 dental clinics present in Guntur city. The estimated sample size was 746. It was rounded off to 750 for the purpose of convenient segregation. The survey pro forma prepared included demographic information along with clinical examination. Discussion: The highest (2.92) mean number of teeth to be extracted was seen in SIDS followed by GGH (1.94), and the difference in all the three types of clinics was statistically significant (P = 0.000). Post hoc test showed significant difference between private dental clinics and SIDS, private teaching dental institution and the other two types of clinics, and GGH and SIDS. Conclusion: It was revealed from the study that dental caries and periodontitis are the most common reasons for extraction.


PURPOSE: An apparatus for supplying oil of a linear compressor is provided to simplify machining and assembling of an oil suction valve and preventing the oil suction valve from being caught by an oil spring since the oil suction valve is not mounted in a cylinder having a smaller diameter. CONSTITUTION: An apparatus for supplying oil of a linear compressor includes a sealing container filled with oil in a bottom part, a frame(1) mounted in the sealing container, a cylinder(100) in the frame, a piston inserted in the cylinder for linearly reciprocating by a driving of a motor to inhale and compress refrigerant gas, an oil cylinder(110) fixed at a lower part of the frame to be immersed in the oil filled in the sealing container and vibrating laterally when piston is reciprocating, an oil piston(120)) slidingly inserted in the oil cylinder and defining suction and discharge spaces communicating each other to generate a pressure difference between the spaces, oil suction and discharge valves(140,150) respectively mounted outside the oil cylinder for simultaneously opening and closing the suction and discharge parts, an oil suction cover(160) formed with an oil suction hole(163) communicating with the suction part of the oil cylinder and installed with the oil suction valve for opening and closing the oil suction hole, and an oil discharge cover(170) formed with an oil introducing passage(1a) with the frame for covering the oil cylinder and fixing the oil discharge valve.


Lee is a seven-year old female learner at Norkem Park Elementary girl's school. Currently she is in the second grade. Lee is related to the Africa ethnic group and speaks both Afrikaans and Zulu. Zulu is regularly speaking at home amongst her friends and family, however she frequently speaking English, and acquires additional lessons from teachers that assist her twice per week concentrate to develop her reading and spelling skills.


Objective To explore the application intramedullary nail into the curative effect of radial fractures treatment of feet.Methods From January 2008 to January 2010 radial fracture patients a total feet 21 cases,all in fracture after the 3 hours-2 weeks into application intramedullary nails treatment.Results All cases and follow-up were no cases of bone and postoperative infection,and even the radial nerve damage,no deep teams intramedullary nail loose,and fracture.According to the optimal evaluation criterion,excellent in 12 cases,good in 6 cases,effect can still be 2 cases,good rate was 85.7%.Conclusion Using forearm intramedullary nail into radial fractures,trauma treatment feet small,infection rates low,fracture healing fast,treatment is the good choice radial fractures ruler.


Abstract The study attempts to examine the consistency of Nigerians' performance on three measures of field dependence. The measures used were the Embedded Figures Test (EFT), Block Design (BD) and the Rod and Frame Box (RFB), and samples were drawn from a university (N-48) and two local schools (N = 38) located in east-central Nigeria. In line with previous studies, the most significant correlation was between EFT and BD. Interpretation of the partial correlations suggested that EFT and BD may share at least two common factors but that each appears to share only 'one of these with RFB. The se factors were discussed in terms of the hemispheric processing requirements of these measures. It was suggested that EFT and BD, which involve cognitive restructuring, may require an ability to integrate the processing abilities of the two hemispheres, whereas RFB may only involve left hemisphere processing. This interpretation may also help to explain some of the sex and age effects found in the present study. More ...


This article provides an overview of how Japan's central government is promoting internationalization by arranging major laws related to international exchange and cooperation. In addition, this paper reviews the current status of legislation and specific policies related to international exchange of local governments in Japan. In a situation where vitality is gradually losing in various fields such as culture and economy, I would like to gain some insights from Japan's experience on how to revitalize local communities. Most local governments in Japan do not have local ordinances. Despite such legislative inadequacies, it has been steadily implementing internationalization policies based on a systematic organization and budget with a long history and experience.


Summary form only. The wavelength range between 2.2 and 2.4 /spl mu/m are of great interest for molecular spectroscopy and environmental monitoring. Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy is one of the most accurate techniques for gas analysis and to reduce the cost of the equipment diode lasers operating in continuous wave (cw) regime above room temperature (RT) are required. In this contribution we present single mode GaInSbAs-GaAlSbAs QW lasers operating in cw regime up to 130/spl deg/C.


13 patients (pts) with HUS were studied.All were treated in the last 2.5 years.5 were treated with ASA (1 pt.,6mg/kg/day for 28 days),or with ASA (6 to 16 mg/kg/day)and D(2 to 5 mg/kg/day) for 9 to 49 days and 8 received supportive therapy only.There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in age,sex, prevalence of extrarenal manifestations,lowest hematocrit and platelet count,number of transfusions needed,duration of thrombocytopenia or number of pts requiring dialysis.The treated pts were oligurlc and required dialysis for a shorter period of time than the untreated pts(days with urinary output<200ml/m2/day:1.6 ±0.89,range 1-3 compared to 5.63±5.83,range 0-19;days between admission and last dialysis 2.15±2.47,range 0-6 compared to 4.8± 8.76,range 0-26). The differences however were not significant. After periods of follow-up ranging from 3.5 to 18.25 months,all pts had grown normally and had GFR's ranging from 90 to 196ml/min/1.73m2. None had hematuria.One of the untreated pts had mild proteinuria (7mg/m2/hr on overnight specimen).We conclude that ASA and D do not alter the long term prognosis of HUS.The shorter duration of oliguria and of dependence on dialysis in our treated pts,though not statistically significant, suggests a larger study is warranted.


This report describes research in which a team from the Universities of Wisconsin, Washington, and Illinois performed a scoping study of critical issues for field-reversed configuration (FRC) power plants. The key tasks for this research were (1) systems analysis of deuterium-tritium (D-T) FRC fusion power plants, and (2) conceptual design of the blanket and shield module for an FRC fusion core.


In this paper, the flows of EOL (end-of-life) small home appliances (SHA) are overviewed and the problems clarified. Some problems exist in the following three huge and undesirable flows : flows into the hibernated stocks, landfilled EOLs and invisible exports. In order to decrease these flows, an efficient recycling system must be established. Since collection and transportation is responsible for the initial stage of the system, efficiency in these stages is critical to the proper working of the entire system. Our simulation revealed that the efficiency of any collection system varies depending on the regional geographical features. Also, potential targeted items, especially highly sophisticated devices such as mobile phones, will evolve rapidly. Hence, the recycling system for EOL SHAs must be flexible. In order to establish an efficient recycling system, the cooperation of all stakeholders is necessary.


I remember it all too well. I was headed home, down the mountain, wild-eyed, drunk, and half-blind. Fd just left a roaring party up on top, the good-times. I was returning to an empty apartment, my wife having left me, gone home to her parents: she'd had enough. Eunis had grown weary. Tired. And I was all alone; divorce was imminent—certain. The apartment loomed in my inner vision. I approached the first hairpin turn, where over the edge it was 2,000 feet straight down through space to the valley below. I also remember how the tears welled up in my eyes as I realized that no one really cared. And I remember deciding to take the short cut home. And I cut the wheel. I too had grown weary—tired. Chased by a wasp and didn't know it. And like a smashed arrow, my Comet had nosed over the edge, down fifty yards, and speared into the snowbroken sandstone bluff, to wedge between a sturdy, lone evergreen and the cliffside. I had scrambled out, bottle in hand, and I had stood, high but unsteady, on the tilted door of the passenger's side, when up above the ledge I had heard voices. The cop nearest the lip, leaning slightly over, with an air of familiarity, having dealt with drunks before, asked from atop the ledge, "Need any help?" "Naw. I'll make it." Then going back to look for skid marks, he had asked from the centerstripe, "What are you trying to do, good buddy?" "Rock this damn thing over," I slurred. "Why's that?" he asked, coming to the edge and starting down the bluffface. "Cause that's the shortest way home." The cops took me home that night, back to the apartment. And on Sunday, I called a wrecker, to cabledrag the Comet home. And on Monday, I taught English Literature, as if nothing had happened. But when I lay in bed, sober, staring at the ceiling, late at night, I knew that I had meant to do it. Only this


Address reprint requests to Dr. John J. Enyeart, Department of Pharmacology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210-1239. J. GEN. PHYSIOL. © The Rockefeller University Press • 0022-1295/93/08/0239/17 $2.00 Volume 102 August 1993 239-255 239 240 THE .JOURNAL OF GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY • VOLUME 102 . 1993 I N T R O D U C T I O N Many cells including secretory cells express multiple K + channels which collectively set the membrane potential, determine action potential frequency and duration, and thereby control transmitter and hormone release (Hille, 1992). Although voltage recordings from rat and mouse adrenal zona fasciculata (AZF) cells indicate that the resting potential is determined almost entirely by K +, voltage-gated K + currents have not been identified or characterized in normal fasciculata cells (Lymangrover, Matthews, and Saffran, 1982; Quinn, Cornwall, and Williams, 1987). The identification and characterization of the K + channels expressed by AZF cells will be important to the understanding of the electrical events and ion channels involved in cortisol secretion. Voltage-gated K + channels comprise a diverse set of ion pores distinguishable by their voltage dependence, kinetics, pharmacology, and modulation by neurotransmitters and peptide hormones. Based on their kinetics of inactivation, voltage-gated K + channels can be divided into two broad categories: slowly or noninactivating delayed rectifiers, or rapidly inactivating A-type current (IA). Although the general function of K + channels is to maintain cells at relatively negative potentials, their great diversity and the expression of multiple K + channels by individual cell types indicate a complex role in the regulation of cellular electrical properties. Delayed rectifier K + channels generate the repolarizing current of the action potential and limit its duration. Rapidly inactivating K + currents were first described in molluscan neurons, where they were found to regulate the action potential spacing controlling the rate of repetitive action potential firing (Connor and Stevens, 1971; Neher, 1971). Since their first description, a spectrum of transient K + currents have been described in a variety of invertebrate and vertebrate cells. In vertebrates, A-type currents are present in peripheral and central neurons, smooth muscle, and cardiac cells (Belluzzi, Sacchi, and Wanke, 1985; Clark, Giles, and Imaizumi, 1988; Cooper and Shrier, 1989; Imaizumi, Muraki, and Watanabe, 1990; Fickler and Heinemann, 1992). In addition to spacing action potentials, IA may regulate other parameters, including action potential duration in heart cells (Giles and Imaizumi, 1988). Characterization of the biophysical properties of IA in mammalian cells has been hampered by the coexpression of multiple K + subtypes by most cells. Multiple currents have been observed in a number of endocrine cells including those of the adrenal glomerulosa (Brauneis, Vassilev, Quinn, Williams, and Tillotson, 1991). However, no comprehensive description of the biophysical properties of IA in adrenal cells has been reported. In this study we have identified a rapidly inactivating K + current that is prominent in bovine AZF cells. The absence of other K + channels subtypes allowed the voltage-dependent gating and kinetics of these currents to be described over a wide range of potentials. Several unusual properties of IA not previously described in mammalian cells are reported. M A T E R I A L S A N D M E T H O D S Isolation and culture of AZF cells were as described in the accompanying paper (Mlinar, Biagi, and Enyeart, 1993b). Nimodipine was kindly provided by Dr. Alexander Scriabine, Miles Institute of Preclinical Pharmacology (West Haven, CT). GTP, GTP-~-S, MgATP, NiCI~, LaCI3, MLINAR AND ENYEART Voltage-gated K + Currents in Bovine Fasciculata Cells 241 tetraethylammonium chloride, and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO). Penfluridol was purchased from Janssen Pharmaceutical (Beerse, Belgium). e~-Dendrotoxin was purchased from Alomone Labs (Jerusalem, Israel). Solutions for Patch Clamp For recording whole cell K ÷ currents, the standard pipette solution was 120 mM KCI, 10 mM HEPES, 2 mM MgCI2, 0.1 mM BAPTA, and 2 mM MgATP with pH buffered to 7.2 using KOH. In some recordings, noted in the text, the pipette solution contained 200 ~M GTP-~/-S. The external solution consisted of 140 mM NaCI, 5 mM KCI, 2 mM CaC12, 2 mM MgCI2, 10 mM HEPES, and 5.0 mM glucose with pH titrated to 7.35 using KOH. Recording Conditions Recording conditions were as those described in Mlinar et al. (1993b) with several exceptions. Whole cell K + currents were, on the average, 5-10 times larger than Ca 2+ currents in adrenal cells of comparable size. To minimize series resistance errors, smaller cells (15-25 pF) and lower resistance electrodes (< 1.5 Mf~) were chosen for characterization of biophysical properties. Currents in these cells were not qualitatively different from those in larger cells. Access resistance was estimated from the transient cancellation controls of the patch amplifier. When the product of access resistance and membrane current indicated series resistance errors > 3 mV, corrections of membrane potential were made during analysis of records. The combination of access resistance and cell capacitance yielded voltage clamp time constants of 100 ~s. Exponential fits and current measurements were made after at least four time constants as determined for individual cells. Voltage-dependent Ca 2+ current through T channels was typically < 100 pA with 2 mM Ca 2+ in the bath. T current was blocked by adding 500 nM penfluridol to the perfusate. At this concentration, penfluridol had no effect on voltage-gated K + currents.


content, reaching from the seventh century B.c. to the end of antiquity. Statues and reliefs, portraits and minor arts, bronze statuettes and terracottas, are included. Most volumes have a number of articles, but an important monument can also be treated in a monograph such as V (1966), Die Kasseler Apollo und seine Repliken, with the text by Evamaria Schmidt (see review by Pemberton, AJA 72 [1968] 184f). All others, including VI-VIII, have a number of articles by different authors and on different subjects. They all keep up the high standard of excellence which was promised and is guaranteed by the great scholarship and energy of the editor, Prof. Schuchhardt, and his co-editor, Prof. Felix Eckstein.


The contribution focuses, with reference to Italy, on the interplay between professional cultures in the field of the prison and tries to describe how the normative characteristics, typical of the professional cultures of teachers and health professionals, meet the total institution. The introduction presents the different sources from which the empirical material comes, collected by the authors in the course of different research and monitoring activities, which allowed them to access to the prison field. The second paragraph introduces the reader to the complexity of the Italian prison system, which has undergone a profound differentiation in recent years. The third paragraph analyzes, on the basis of the qualitative data collected, the encounter between the professional cultures of teachers and doctors and the specific prison culture. The conclusion enlightens the irreducible polymorphism that characterizes the institution and unavoidably interferes with a sociologist's efforts at generalization.


Bimolecular rate constants for the pyridinium chlorochromate oxidation of several orthv-substituted phenyl methyl sulphides have been determined spectrophotometrically in 60% (vIv) aqueous acetic acid. Correlation of rate constants at 30° by extended Hammett equation leads to negative coefficient for the steric term (v), indicating that the reaction is sterically retarded by the orthvsubstituents in benzene ring. Effective anchimeric assistance is observed in the oxidation of v-COOMeC6H4SCH3 and v-


Development of the proposed Ohinewai Opencast Coal Mine (Figure 1) will involve the excavation of up to 190m of overburden to expose the coal seam. The coal measures are contained within the Te Kuiti group, a mainly fine grained sequence of Tertiary age sediments. These are overlain by 70 to 100m thickness of fine to coarse grained, saturated, unconsolidated sediments of the Tauranga Group. To determine the feasibility of the mine and design the overburden dewatering system, detailed and extensive site investigation work was undertaken. Using this information, seven well sites were chosen for full scale pumping tests on major aquifers within the overburden. Monitoring stations included multiport piezometers, pressure transducers and multilevel settlement monitoring stations at varying distances from the wells. The test procedure involved a seven day drawdown and recovery test of each well in turn, followed by a 40 day pump test using all wells. This paper briefly presents the investigative technique and discusses the results obtained.


Latin America is a region rich in biodiversity, yet at the same time struggling under the burdens of economic hardship and rapid population growth. While the region is showing signs of a strong economic recovery, the long-term sustainability of its economic development will hinge upon the ability of today's political leadership to make provisions for the conservation and stewardship of its rich natural resources. This report explores the case of the recently declared Antisana Ecological Reserve, with the purpose of illustrating the difficulties and possibilities of ecosystem conservation in Latin America and the developing world.1


A fully differential Telescopic operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) and a sixth order Butterworth Gm-C low pass filter are presented in this paper. Both circuits are designed for medical applications in 2.4 GHz ISM band for IEEE 802.15.4 / ZigBee standard. The filter consists of three biquads. The design of the Telescopic OTA is carried out using two optimization methods, Gm/ID and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. Both circuits are implemented with TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS technology. Based on optimized OTA, the Gm-C filter has a cutoff frequency of 2.3 MHz and consumes only 1.55mW.


Effects of three insect growth regulators (IGR's)-methoprene, fenoxycarb (Ro13-5223), and 2-[p-m-(Flurophenoxy) phenoxy] ethyl ethylcarbamate (Ro16-1295)-at ca. 500, 1,000, and 1,500 ppm on three feeding substrates-filter paper, absorbent pure cellulose filter pads, and ponderosa pine ( Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws) blocks-were evaluated on laboratory experimental groups of 150 Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (130 workers and 20 soldiers) collected from three field colonies in Oahu, Hawaii. Ro16-1295 killed ca. 16% workers while only ca. 2% of workers died after 2-weeks exposure to methoprene and fenoxycarb. A considerably larger proportion of soldiers was killed as a result of exposure to these IGR's; ca. 25% were killed by methoprene and ca. 40% were killed by the other IGR's. All three IGR's induced presoldier formation. Approximately 12-22 presoldiers were found in treated groups after 2 weeks, while no presoldiers were observed in untreated controls. Feeding substrates did not affect worker mortality. However, IGR-impregnated pine blocks caused significantly lower soldier mortality and produced more presoldiers than the other two substrates. All three colonies were significantly different from each other in worker and soldier mortality and presoldier production in response to IGR's and feeding substrates.


Based on the theory of box girder, the torsion and distortion effect of box girder with corrugated steel webs are analyzed, and the calculation method for the restrained torsion and calculation mode for the distortion of the girder are provided. The results from static tests of two model girders indicate that in the design calculation of the box girder with corrugated steel webs, by using the Second Theory of A. A. Umanskii for the positive warping stress of the restrained torsion, and by the method of B.E.F. analogy for the distortion, the warping stress obtained through superimposing of both of the two kinds of calculations can well satisfy the need of engineering precision.


A rapidly aging society has focused attention on retirement and retirement related issues. Educating individuals to plan for retirement is one of these issues. Presently there is no clear trend with respect to offering pre-retirement education programs, however, if business and industry assumes a major role in program sponsorship then recreation and employee service managers may become instrumental in the organization and administration of these programs. The purpose of this article was to discuss the evolution of pre-retirement education and its relationship to recreation and employee services and to identify major issues and trends which will affect pre-retirement education programs in the future. PRE-RETIREMENT EDUCATION AS A COMPONENT OF EMPLOYEE SERVICES AND RECREATION When compared with other social institutions, the institution of retirement is relatively new. Even newer is the notion of educating individuals to make plans for retirement. In recent years, there has been a surge of publicity and public attention focused on retirement and retirement related issues such as social security, mandatory retirement, and age discrimination in the work force. This heightened senstitivity may be due to demographics which reveals a country in route to being populated by a large segment of older people. The ramifications of an aging population are numerous but,. just to put the situation into persective consider a population which presently contains 26 million (approximately 11%) individuals over the age of 65 increasing to �32 million by the year 2000 (12% of population) and jumping to over 50 million (approximately 20% of population) by the year 2025. Also consider that the 46 million persons age 55 and over will increase to 55 million by the year 2000 while the number of younger people aged 18-35 will decline by almost eight million. In addition, those in the prime working age group of 35-54 will increase by 38 million (Morrison, 1984).


Background: Clinical gout is predicted by a number of factors. Several of these (comorbidities and lifestyle) have been shown to cluster in gout patients1,2 indicating several different pathophysiological pathways, but it is not known if and to what extent such clusters predict gout. Objectives: To examine; 1) the prevalence of comorbidity clusters in the population and 2) the long-term absolute and relative risks for developing gout in these clusters defined at baseline in subjects of Malmö Preventive Project (MPP). Methods: The MPP is a screening program for cardiovascular risk factors, alcohol abuse and breast cancer in Malmö, Sweden. A total of 33,346 individuals (67% male, age=45.7 years, mean follow-up=28.2 years), screened between 1974 and 1992, participated. Date of gout diagnosis was defined as the first visit with gout (using ICD-codes) to physicians within primary or specialized care, through linkage of the MPP cohort with regional and national health care registers. End of follow-up was defined as the date of first gout diagnosis, death, moving from the area or December 31st, 2014. Hierarchical clustering was performed in a subset of 22,057 individuals (screening period: 1975-1992) to group observations. Variables clustered included obesity, renal dysfunction, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), dyslipidemia, pulmonary dysfunction (PD), smoking and use of diuretics. For the five identified clusters, their population prevalence as well as the incidence and hazard ratio (HR) for gout were computed using cox-proportional hazard analysis in Rv3.5.2. Results: Cluster-1 (C1) with "few comorbidities" was by far the most common in the population (73%), followed by cluster-4 (C4) characterized by "obesity and hyperlipidaemia" (17%). These two pathways included 86% of incident gout cases during the follow-up. The four clusters (C2-5) identified by different comorbidity patterns all resulted in a 2-3-fold increased risk for incident gout. The highest incidence for gout was seen for cluster-2 (C2) characterized by "renal dysfunction" and cluster-3 (C3) characterized by "cardiovascular disease" (Table). Table Incidence and hazard ratios for gout in observation-clusters of MPP cohort Cluster name Main characteristics Occurence, n (%) Incident gout (n) Incidence* HR (95% CI)° C1 Few comorbidities No history of diabetes, CVD or renal disease. 16063 (72.8) 551 119 1 C2 Renal dysfunction Renal dysfunction (100%), higher age at inclusion 750 (3.4) 53 269 2.31(1.73-3.07) C3 Cardiovascular disease and lifestyle High frequency of CVD (100%), smoking (74%), alcohol risk behaviour (40%) &PD (22%) 528 (2.4) 26 224 2.41(1.63-3.58) C4 Obesity and hyperlipidaemia High frequency of obesity (34%) & hyperlipidemia (74%) 3673 (16.7) 235 235 2.02(1.73-2.35) C5 Diabetes mellitus and hypertension High frequency of DM (51%), hypertension (53%) & diuretics use (52%) 1043 (4.7) 45 184 1.98(1.46-2.68) *Incidence per 100,000 person-years at risk, °Adjusted for age, sex Conclusion: In a population-based study, we identified five clusters based on gout-related comorbidities. Most gout cases occurred in the cluster characterized by few comorbidities. Such cases may have predisposing factors not captured by comorbidity patterns, e.g. genetics related to serum urate. In addition, we identified four pathways each defined by different comorbidity patterns and contributing to increased risk for gout, pathways that may require partly individual interventional strategies. References: [1] Richette P, et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 74(1):142-47. [2] Megan B, et al. Rheumatol 2018; 57(8):1358-63. Disclosure of Interests: Tahzeeb Fatima: None declared, Peter Nilsson: None declared, Carl Turesson: None declared, Mats Dehlin: None declared, Nicola Dalbeth Grant/research support from: Amgen, AstraZeneca, Consultant for: Horizon, Hengrui, Kowa, Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Horizon, Janssen, AbbVie, Lennart T.H. Jacobsson Consultant for: LJ has received lecture and consulting fees from Pfizer, Abbvie, Novartis, Eli-Lily and Janssen, Meliha C Kapetanovic: None declared


Several grain and malt quality tests were applied to 22 sorghum cultivars, 17 with a white or yellow pericarp and five with brown grain. Significant differences between cultivars were found in all cases. The yellow- and white-grained sorghums showed a relationship between milling energy and both extract and grain nitrogen content, although significant correlations were not observed when all cultivars were analysed. The reduction in milling energy due to malting correlated significantly with the amount of nitrogen extracted, leading to a close relationship between soluble nitrogen ratio and malt milling energy, especially in white and yellow sorghums. All white- and yellow-grained cultivars, with high levels of extract, showed a higher grinding resistance for a given level of milling energy. This may derive from a greater degree of starch damage during milling, facilitating solubilisation of starch and partly overcoming problems associated with poor endosperm modification during malting and high gelatinisation temperature of unmodified starch granules.


Kinases have been traditionally viewed as binary switches that are activated or inactivated by varied small molecule second messengers, post‐translational modifications, and allosteric regulatory events. However, an emerging view is that kinases function in a fashion analogous to micro‐processors, coupling varied upstream signals to specific downstream effects. Despite the importance of kinases in myriad signaling pathways and processes, contemporary methods and techniques do not allow for in‐depth study of spatial and temporal co‐ordination of the intra‐ and inter‐molecular interactions that regulate kinase function in cells. Here we present a new FRET‐based approach termed the kinase toolbox that was used to dissect the mechanisms of activation and auto‐regulation of protein kinase C (PKC). Utilizing several FRET sensors embedded into PKCα our studies resolved a second active conformation required for catalysis. The nucleotide binding pocket is allosterically linked with the c‐terminal tail of the catalytic domain and binding of ATP or ADP differentially stabilizes this conformation. Additional stabilization of this second state through inter‐molecular interactions modulates kinase activity by enhancing nucleotide exchange, ascribing a necessary function to the new state. The development of the kinase toolbox outlines how similar mechanistic insights may be gleaned from other AGC kinases.


A new approach consisting of employing the mode matching method inconjunction with the Fourier transform technique is used to analyse thediffraction of time harmonic plane waves by two parallel overlapped thickimpedance half-planes. The problem is formulated as a pair of uncoupledmodified Wiener-Hopf equations and solved approximately. Numerical resultsillustrating the effects of various parameters such as wall thickness, plateto plate separation distance, wall impedance, etc. on the diffractionphenomenon are presented.PACS No.: 41.20jb


We investigate the implications of the exponential time hypothesis on algorithms for scheduling and packing problems. Our main focus is to show tight lower bounds on the running time of these algorithms. For exact algorithms we investigate the dependence of the running time on the number n of items (for packing) or jobs (for scheduling). We show that many of these problems, including SubsetSum, Knapsack, BinPacking, 〈P2 | | C max 〉, and 〈P2 | |∑wjCj〉, have a lower bound of 2o(n) ×∥I∥O(1). We also develop an algorithmic framework that is able to solve a large number of scheduling and packing problems in time 2O(n) ×∥I∥O(1). Finally, we show that there is no PTAS for MultipleKnapsack and 2d-Knapsack with running time $2^{o}({\frac{1}{\epsilon }}) \times \parallel I \parallel^{O(1)}$ and $n^{o({\frac{1}{\epsilon }})} \times \parallel{I}\parallel^{O(1)}$.


In this paper, an Advanced Static VAR Compensator (ASVC) based on a voltage type inverter is presented and analysed. The ASVC, which uses the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique, will be modelled in the Park system. Moreover, a low pass filter is introduced at the output of the inverter in order to eliminate the high order harmonics. The proposed system may compensate inductive or capacitive reactive power. The mathematical model thus obtained will be used for the design of a linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) multivariable (MIMO: Multiple Input Multiple Output) control strategy. The simulation results obtained with MATLAB software are included and will be thoroughly discussed in this paper.


T here have been many studies and reports on pathological gambling in patients with Parkinson disease. Main theories on how these impulse control disorders (ICDs; like pathological gambling, sex addiction) arise stem from the treatment of Parkinson disease. Most often, the implicated agent is pramipexole dihydrochloride. Thus far, no case reports have appeared with regards to pathological gambling (PG) in patients with X-linked dystonia parkinsonism (XDP). X-linked dystonia parkinsonism (also known as "lubag") is a rare sex-linked disorder that tends to afflict Filipino men (and rarely women). Its origins can often be traced to the Panay Islands of the Philippines. The mean age of onset in men is 39 years; female carriers tend to be asymptomatic. Parkinsonism is often the first clinical presentation, with dystonia coming into the picture as the disease progresses. The dystonia develops often in the jaw, neck, trunk, and eyes. Jaw dystonia is characteristic, often progressing to neck dystonia. In others, the dystonia can occur in the limbs; however, this is less common (Evidente, 1993).


Deng Xiaoping's theory on rule of law has inherited and developed that theory of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong's thought. Since the third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China,Deng Xiaoping's theory on socialism rule of law with Chinese characteristics has acted as the keystone and guideline for constructing rule by law in China's new era. In general,his theory on rule of law consists of the following aspects:supporting theory on rule of law in contrast to rule by man; making rule of law serve the centre of "economic construction" ; systemizing and legalizing democracy; perfecting socialism rule of law; resorting to foreign legal resources; and avoiding copying theories.