Increasing amounts of robotics applications and possible job opportunities in the industry within the robotics field encourage more universities to involve robotics subject in their current programs or incorporate robotics engineering as a new department. This highlights the importance of comprehensible robotics teaching for more people with various levels of technical background. One of the major subjects at the university level in robotics education is representing the physical robot model using mathematical notations. The majority of the current teaching methods of robotics theory for undergraduate students use conventional approaches from robotics books which relies on 3D pictures and sketches for illustration. There are a few modern approaches where the book chapters are linked to supplemental videos, however, the lack of interaction diminishes the student engagement. Moreover, there are some simulators to enhance visual and interactive skills, but they are either costly or robot specific and require adequate competence of programming skills on the associated programming language. In this paper, a serious game to be used in robotics teaching for bachelor students with various technical backgrounds is presented. The game combines the traditional notations in robot modelling with a gamified approach so that the students can comprehend and imagine easier.


A channel coding scheme is analyzed that features parallel concatenated systematic space-time codes with multilevel modulation and multiple transmit/receive antennas. The scheme is referred to as turbo space-time coded modulation (turbo-STCM). It combines the advantages of turbo codes with the diversity of space-time codes. The scheme features full diversity and full rate. We also extend turbo-STCM to the case of large numbers of antennas (>2). Simulation results are provided over the block-fading channel. It is shown that this turbo scheme provides an advantage of 1.1 dB over conventional space-time codes of similar decoding complexity. The analytical union bound of the bit error probability is derived for turbo-STCM over the Rayleigh block-fading channel. The bound makes it possible to express the performance analysis of turbo-STCM in terms of the properties of the constituent space-time codes. The union bound is demonstrated for 8-PSK turbo-STCM with two transmit antennas and one or two receive antennas.


To provide a (meth) acrylic acid and / or a (meth) acrylate production. The production of (meth) acrylic acid and / or a (meth) acrylate include basic solution was washed with means for their production, subsequently rinsed in a solvent, in order to remove (meth) acrylic acid and / or (A yl) generated during the production of acrylic polymers and precipitated solid substances.


In this research, we are suggesting intelligent information system fur traveling which is focusing on product bundling and integration of information from various resources on ubiquitous computing environment. It is necessary for products structure to easily integrate according to customers' requirements because traveling product is integrated by various traveling resources like airline, hotel reservation, and so on. To guarantee of traveler's mobility in ubiquitous computing environment, we need product bundling and modification process to configure products and semantic web service which supports ontology based traveling information system to support immediate integrating of traveling information from various resources. In this research, we offer a product bundling and integration of information. It is based on the semantic web service, with several components (single products) to reconfigure a bundle of traveling products.


A funnel like band gap profile is realized in a layer-by-layer assembled structure of CdTe nanocrystals. Recycling of trapped excitons leads to efficient energy transfer along the band gap gradient.


Junction circulators in stripline and microstrip version are considered on the base of planar model analysis. The main steps of the proposed method includes: i) Replacing of the real structure of the coupling lines and disk resonator with its planar equivalents of the same height and characterized with effective dimensions and effective permittivity and permeability; ii) Assuming an approximate electrodynamical behaviour of the planar models the analysis of the investigated complicated microwave structures is done in closed-form and as a result of that the convenient expressions for the main junction parameters — Isolation and Return Losses are obtained; iii) Through a computer simulation an extensive information for the potential possibilities of the investigated junctions is easy obtained and in addition some new alternatives for the matching procedure are proposed. The planar model analysis is used for design of number stripline and microstrip circulators and isolators for communication and radar purposes.


In tomorrow's communication network, the B3G/4G system will integrate heterogeneous wireless access networks, e.g. LTE, WLAN and HSPA. And advances in microelectronics will allow different technologies to be employed by a single terminal equipped with multiple radio interfaces [1]. In this paper, we try to deal with the problem that on arrival of the user's call request, how to ensure the user is accessed by the most appropriate network. And different solution might be given depending on the definition of "most appropriate", which we consider herein as the user's QoS requirement and the power efficiency of the transmission.


Results of dynamic light scattering experiments with aqueous solutions of benzene[9]3-arborol (molar mass, M = 1.486 · 103 g mol−1; spherical dimension (radius) estimated on the basis of molecular models, a ≈ 1 nm) at 25° are reported. They indicate that benzene[9]3-arborol molecules in aqueous solution form aggregates which have dynamic properties similar to that of single polymer chains in good solvents in the cross over region (q rh) ≈ 1 (q, absolute value of the scattering vector, (rh, hydrodynamic radius of the scattering particles). A double logarithmic plot of maximum value of the distribution of relaxation rates of the autocorrelation function of the scattered light intensity Γmax versus the q (0.68 ≤ (q/q+) ≤ 2.40; q+ = 105 cm−1) gives a straight line with a slope D* = (2.46 ± 0.05) independent of concentration (Γmax ∼ (q/q+)D*). The size of the scattering particles appear not to change with concentration in the concentration range studied (3.5 · 10−3c+ ≤ c ≤ 13.37 · 10−3c+; c+ = 1 mol dm−3). Values of D* (2 ≤ D* ≤ 3) indicate that the experiments are carried out in the non-universal crossover regime (q rh) ≈ 1. From the ratio (Γmax/q2) refering to the limit q 0 a hydrodynamic radius of rh of the order rh = O(100 nm) is calculated. This is in agreement with the conclusion drawn from the q-dependence of Γmax (i.e. (q rh) ≈ 1). – The partial molar volume of benzene[9]3-arborol in aqueous solution increases with concentration only in very dilute solutions. It is practically constant in the concentration range in which the dynamic light scattering experiments are carried out. The surface tension of these solutions at the air/solution interface decreases only slightly with concentration reflecting the hydrophilic character of the surface of the aggregates.


Color is the main feature of any food item as it enhances the appeal and acceptability of food. During processing, substantial amount of color is lost, and make any food commodity attractive to the consumers, synthetic or natural colours are added. Several types of dyes are available in the market as colouring agents to food commodities but biocolorants are now gaining popularity and considerable significance due to consumer awareness because synthetic dyes cause severe health problems. Biocolorants are prepared from renewable sources and majority are of plant origin. The main food biocolorants are carotenoids, flavanoids, anthocyanidins, chlorophyll, betalain and crocin, which are extracted from several horticultural plants. In addition to food coloring, biocolorants also act as antimicrobial s, antioxygens and thereby prevent several diseases and disorders in human beings. Although, biocolorants have several potential benefits, yet tedious extraction procedures, low colour value, higher cost than synthetic dyes, instability during processing etc., hinder their popularity. Although, it is presumed that with the use of modern techniques of biotechnology, these problems in extraction procedures will be reduced, yet to meet the growing demand, more detailed studies on the production and stability of biocolorants are necessary while ensuring biosafety and proper legislation.


A knowledge rich or knowledge enabled organization is one in which knowledge flows — through creation, sharing, transfer and retention activities — seamlessly from the parts that have it, to the parts that need it. Any restriction or blockage to the flow of knowledge can cause partial or total failure of the organizational system. Equally, any restriction or blockage to the flow of knowledge within an organization's supply chain, including its business partnerships and relationships with others, can cause a partial or total failure of the organizational environment in which it operates. Knowledge is the lifeblood of an organization and knowledge and information managers have a key role to play in keeping knowledge flowing, used and retained in their organizations. This role is particularly important during difficult economic times. The impact of budget cuts, office closures, voluntary and compulsory redundancies, falling demand and reductions in bank lending can each have unintended consequences, including acting as barriers — the restrictions or blockages — to the flow of knowledge. This article identifies some of these barriers and highlights the knowledge transfer and retention actions that knowledge and information managers should consider to avoid knowledge loss and keep knowledge flowing in their organizations during a downturn.


Blends of nylon 6 (Ny6) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) were prepared in film form from solutions in a mixture of formic acid and water by evaporating the solvent. The miscibility and phase constitution of the binary blends obtained over a wide composition range (5/95–95/5) were examined by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical measurements. A Ny6 homopolymer film and Ny6/PAA blends with PAA concentrations ≥ 50 wt% exhibited a WAXD profile stemmed from the coexistence of two different crystalline modifications of Ny6, i.e. the α and γ forms. Above 50 wt% PAA content, the solution-cast blends showed no definite crystallinity. It was found by DSC thermal analysis that the polymer pair is substantially miscible in the non-crystalline state, since a single glass transition temperature (Tg) was situated between the Tgs of the two homopolymers at every composition; however, the Tg versus composition plots did not follow a monotonic function but yielded a peak maximum at a PAA concentration of c. 25 wt%. In order to interpret this phenomenon, attention was given to the following point revealed by dynamic mechanical measurements: at the compositions of Ny6/PAA = 100/0–50/50, a phase of low regularity such as a nematic structure is formed in the cast films.


Summary. A histochemical investigation of enzyme activities in the uterine endometrium of mice from Days 4 to 8 of the first pregnancy is described, Day 1 being the day on which a copulation plug appeared in the vagina. The timing and cellular location of changes in reactions for lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) are compared with those for 5\m='\-nucleo-tidase (AMPase), \g=a\-glucanphosphorylase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) -diaphorase, succinic dehydrogenase (SDH ), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and alkaline phosphatase (APase), and of glycogen and lipids. The appearance of APase, deposition of glycogen and changes in LDH or phosphorylase in the antimesometrial stromal cells at future implantation sites were preceded by the disappearance of AMPase from these cells before implantation on Day 5. This, in turn, may retard the dephosphorylation of adenosine-5\m='\\x=req-\ monophosphate and make more of this substance available for activa-tion of phosphorylase in these cells. Increased reactions for LDH first appeared early on Day 5 (before implantation) in the cells of the APase\x=req-\ free primary decidua. These were accompanied by increased reactions for SDH but preceded the first appearance of glycogen in the same cells. Later on Day 5 and throughout Day 6, there was further strengthening and spread of increased LDH activity accompanied in the same cells by increased phosphorylase, reappearance of strong AMPase, increased SDH, and by deposition of glycogen. The patterns of the rise and fall of glycogen in the decidua and of the derive energy from anaerobic pathways when oxygen is deficient. Distribution and changes in NAD-diaphorase paralleled those of LDH, and changes in SDH also showed some parallel. There was a reciprocal relationship between distribution of LDH and that of lipids in the decidual cells. The timing of the disappearance of ATPase and periodic acid\x=req-\ Schiff reactivity from endometrial capillaries was compared with that of the other changes and the implications are discussed, particularly in relation to recent reports of variations in uterine oxygen tension in the rat during the same period. No demonstrable changes were observed in the endometrium between decidua.


There are numerous e-assessment systems devoted to specific domains under diverse license models. Cost, extensibility, and maintainability are relevant issues for an institution. Ease of use and inclusion into courses are educator's main concerns. For students the user experience and fast transparent feedback plus "better" tests are most important. Many exams still focus on testing memorized knowledge, instead of improving and testing skills with competence-oriented learning support and examinations, respectively.We discuss design decisions and present the resulting architecture of YAPS - Your open Assessment system for emPowering Students. YAPS has been used for very diverse lectures in logistics, computer engineering, and algorithms for exams, but also for empowering students by fast feedback during the learning period. We report on results in a basic lecture on Computer Science for Mechanical Engineers.


This paper is concerned with axial pressure gradient in single-phase and two-phase flow at low void fraction in a narrow annular space between two concentric cylinders, the inner one rotating. From experimental results, the coupling function (inertial forces/centrifugal forces) is parameterized by Taylor or Rossby numbers for two values of the intercylindrical width (clearance). The results are discussed with regard to different flow regimes and it is shown in particular that transition from the turbulent vorticed regime to the turbulent regime occurs at Ro {approx equal} 1. The proposed correlation agrees in a satisfactory manner to all the regimes studied in our experiments and in those given in the bibliography. In addition, original tests with a two-phase liquid/gas flow at 5 percent G.O.R. (gas oil ratio), for a finely dispersed gas phase are also reported. These results indicate a similar behavior to single-phase flows, justifying the transposition of the same correlation in the framework of the homogeneous model.


The thermal degradation of aquatic humics in combination with mass spectrometric analyses using field ionization (FI) as a soft ionization method is reported. Since FI mass spectra of the pyrolysis (Py) products consist almost exclusively of molecular ions and mass spectrometric fragmentation even of relatively polar substances is strongly reduced, the characterization of biomacromolecules is facilitated and the identification of direct, primary building blocks is achieved. Furthermore, the thermal behavior of characteristic classes of humic constituents is investigated by time/temperature-resolved FI mass spectrometry (MS) with the commercially available direct-probe introduction system. A general characterization of the Py products of humics and the ratios of volatilized matter and residual char are given. These methods permit insight into the thermal degradation processes of complex polymeric biomatter. In contrast to the humic acid (HA) investigated, for fulvic acid (FA) a larger amount of pyrolysates is formed, indicating less thermal stability. The Py mass spectra of the HA and FA show monomers and higher aggregated chemical species of furan, phenol, methoxyphenol, and dimethoxyphenol subunits. Chemical reactions such as alternating methylation and oxidation steps of FA lead to characteristically different results: in the Py mass spectrum of the methylated-oxidized FA the m/z values of benzenecarboxylic more » acids, methoxybenzene-carboxylic acids, and monobasic aliphatic acids show high intensities, whereas methyl esters of benzenecarboxylic acids and aliphatic dibasic acids dominate in the case of the mass spectrum of the oxidized-methylated FA. 32 references, 5 figures, 4 tables. « less


The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), its pandemic has had a severe impact on our daily lives. As a result, there is an increasing demand for technological solutions to overcome these challenges. Recently, many aspects of daily human activities and routines have improved based on the development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology. IoT makes it less difficult to follow safety guidelines and precautions provided by the World Health Organization (WHO). Previous reports have shown that the world today is likely to see an increased demand for IoT facilities. However, little is known about IoT technology-related applications, such as the response to defeat COVID-19, the technologies being used, the solutions offered, and the perception of IoT means available to society. Based on this, this study analyzes and investigates former relevant-literature to investigate the application of IoT technology in prevention and control of new crown pneumonia.


Review(s) of: Air disaster Canberra: The plane crash that destroyed a government, by Andrew Tink, New South Books, Sydney, 2013, ISBN 9781742233574, Hardcover, 309pp, b and w photos, notes, index, bibliography, RRP $45.00 AUD.


All kinds of MUD algorithms were introduced especially the PIC algorithm.HSUPA cell user capacity calculation formula was derived from PIC MUD algorithm.The effects of MUD algorithm on promoting the performance of HSUPA cell were discussed.And a link simulation was given to test the results.


This study examines the effect of including graded levels of safflower meal (SM) [0 (SM0), 150 (SM15), or 200 g kg−1 dry matter (SM20)] in diets of Katahdin–Pelibuey lambs on ruminal fermentation, growth performance, and meat quality. Experimental diets were randomly allocated to 24 lambs (29.25 ± 0.55 kg) in a 60 d feeding trial. On day 30, rumen fluid was collected from each sheep at 0, 3, and 6 h after morning feeding to measure pH, ammonia, and volatile fatty acids. Feed intake, nutrient digestibility, growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality were also measured. Feed intake, ruminal volatile fatty acids concentration, dry matter, and crude protein digestibility were not affected (P > 0.05) by diets. Lambs fed on SM15 had higher (P < 0.05) ruminal pH at 3 and 6 h post feeding compared with those on SM0 and SM20. Inclusion of SM increased (P < 0.05) ruminal ammonia concentration at 3 and 6 h post feeding; however, daily gain decreased with increasing levels of SM. Diets did not affect (P > 0.05) carcass and meat quality traits. Feeding SM-containing diets resulted in similar feed utilization, carcass characteristics, and meat quality to the control diet while improving ruminal fermentation parameters.


Children are a group of people who often experience trauma, which then leads to a cycle of cycle. Various psychological help has been sought but has not addressed spiritual recovery. This study discusses forgiveness in the process of children who are in crisis so that spiritual development occurs in children. The author uses various library sources and analyzes the biblical text in discussing the topic. This study uses hermeneutical approaches to promoting biblical texts as applicable to everyday life. Forgiveness plays an essential role in the recovery process. Children need help identifying what they are grateful for regarding the forgiveness process. Gratitude produces liberation and leads to hope, thus leading to change thatresults in spiritual healing. To help children forgive, children need reconciliation with the creator. To meet this need, spiritual directors play an important role in assisting children to meet their spiritual needs. Spiritual directors can help traumatized children replace their distorted view of themselves, others, and God with a proper view of the truth. This study aims to involve the contribution of existing practical theology to propose the idea of the role of forgiveness in the grieving process for children experiencing a crisis.


This paper explores the benefits of combining the dc-link energy storage of a voltage source converter-based high-voltage dc (VSC-HVDC) link and the kinetic energy storage from wind turbines to facilitate in fast primary frequency control and system inertia to an ac network. Alongside physical and analytical justifications, a method is proposed which blends the energy stored in the HVDC link with the power control capabilities of the wind turbines to provide frequency response that is fast while not requiring excessive volume of capacitance nor demanding performance requirements on the wind turbines.


ADDING CONTAINER FOR TRANSPORT AND STORAGE OF MATERIALS liquid or powder form with an outer container PORTABLE AND INTERIOR PLASTIC THERMOPLASTIC CONTAINER TYPE THAT BUBBLE FOLIO is adapted to the space formed by the outer container. The outer container has a coating in the area of the container bottom LEAVING THE TUBE SUPPORTS WITH THREAD EXTERNAL OUTPUT FOR CONNECTING VALVES AND A TOP OF VESSEL AGAINST BERTURA well calibrated TOP. The opening of the container lid can be closed. BUBBLE FOLIO fillable CONTENT AND FILLED RELIES ON BEING THE OUTER VESSEL. FOLIO BUBBLE HAS A HOSE SUPPORT attachable IN OUTER EDGE OF SUPPORT outlet pipe and can be opened or closed MNEDIENTA a valve placed at the end of the outlet pipe, OARA emptied. FOLIO BUBBLE FILLED partially or totally PLACED WITH YOUR TOP FREE opening the container lid in the outer container.


Objective Discusses three kinds of cleft lip and palate prosthesis to the influence of speech recovery.Methods 65 cases of cleft lip and cleft palate patients were randomly divided into reverse,double Z operation group,pharyngeal flap angioplasty group,the palatopharyngeal muscle flap group,observation time,blowing bubbles soft palate elevation angle α0,palatal maximum point and posterior wall of the shortest distance d(mm),clear voice.Results Three groups of patients postoperative blowing time,soft palate raise Angleα0,palatine high pharynx posterior wall and the shortest distance d(mm),speech articulation are obviously superior to preoperative(P0.05),compared between groups no significant features(P0.05).Conclusion The operation way is to restore patients with cleft lip and palate speech best choice,three check is evaluation palatine sound dysraphism effective means.


The effect of total reflection on the calculated transmission function of mechanical monochromators is discussed, The critical angle for total reflection of neutrons with wavelength lambda from a smooth surface is given by THETA /sub c/ = lambda (N/sub a// pi )/sup 1/>s, where N is the density of the nuclei and a is be coherent scattering amplitude averaged over the nuclei forming the surface. The monochronnator should be made of a material with a snnall coherent and large incoherent and/or absorption cross section. (L.N.N.)


The present study aimed at evaluating and comparing the in vitro antimicrobial activity of 10 medicinal plants used in traditional and homemade medicines: Curcuma longa, Azadiracta indica, Ocimum sanctum, Adathoda vasica, Polygala grineris, Cynodon dactylon, Solanum nigrum, Cardiospermum halicacabum, Phylanthus niruri, and Acalypa indica. Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria Serratia marcesens, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Klebshiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyrogens, and Staphylococcus aureus and two pathogenic fungi—Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger—were tested on the leaf extracts. The methanolic extracts were tested at two concentrations for microbial susceptibility. Assays were done using agar well diffusion method and minimal inhibitory concentration for samples showing growth inhibition. All extracts inhibited the growth of S. pyrogens. Among the plant extracts tested, P. niruri showed the greatest inhibitory action.


The kinetic analysis of octogen coating with a polyurethane base containing hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) was investigated using infrared spectroscopy. The coating process involved a solvent method, where octogen and liquid polyurethane were mixed, the solvent was evaporated, and curing took place at an elevated temperature. The ratio of HTPB to diisocyanate was equimolar. About 200 g octogen was coated with mixture of 2 mL HTPB, 50 mL ethyl acetate, and 0.2 mL TDI in the glass beaker at 30 °C for 1 h. The filtrated ethyl acetate was then evaporated, and the residue was dried in a vacuum oven for 15 min at 30 °C. The resulting film-coated octogen was cast into a KBr pellet and cured in the oven for 7 days at 40 °C, then infrared-analyzed every hour during the curing process. After curing, the shape of the coated octogen particles was analyzed using SEM Initially, the curing process occurred in the solvent system, followed by further curing in the bulk system. The kinetic analysis was performed using a modified diffusion-autocatalytic model, which includes noncatalytic, autocatalytic, and diffusion components. This model was compared with others during the bulk reaction and proved to be effective in correcting errors, particularly in the gel time region. Thermodynamic parameters were evaluated using the Arrhenius and Eyring equations. The reaction rate was initially controlled by chemical reactivity, but after the gel time, diffusion became the controlling factor. In the HTPB-TDI system, both the noncatalytic and autocatalytic parts decreased with increasing temperature, while diffusivity increased. It is worth noting that diffusivity is temperature-dependent. Different di-isocyanates, namely toluene diisocyanate (TDI), iso-phorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), were studied, revealing that HMDI exhibited higher reactivity than TDI and IPDI. The catalyst effect on reaction rate of the HTPB-TDI system was investigated. The addition of catalysts (0.1%) to the HTPB-TDI system decreased their activation energy in the order DBTL > FeAA > TPB. Catalysts did not change their diffusivity.


Based on nonequilibrium Green's function method and density functional theory calculations, we investigate theoretically the electronic transport properties of 1,4-bis(fullero[c]pyrrolidinl-yï)benzene (BDC60). A low bias negative differential resistance with the peak-to-valley ratio as high as 305.41 is obtained. The observed negative differential resistance is explained in terms of the evolution of the transmission spectra, molecular projected self-consistent Hamiltonian states and molecular projected energy levels with applied bias.


PURPOSE: To form, in real time, a three-dimensional image which contains high- resolution information on altitude. CONSTITUTION: Two antennas 1, 2 are attaches to a flying object such as an artificial satellite or the like; radio waves are radiated simultaneously to the earth by means of the two antennas 1, 2; in addition, reflected waves from the earth are received; off-nadir angles for the individual antennas are set arbitrarily by means of an off-nadir angle changeover part 3 in such a way that the two antennas can observe the same scene; the same transmission waves are output respectively to the antennas by means of transmission-reception parts 4, 5. Received waves are converted respectively into video signals in the same manner; the output video signals are signal-processes by means of signal processing parts 6, 7; a three-dimensional image is aquired in real time. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


Morphological variation of the conidia of Alternaria panax isolated from Panax schinseng and its pathogenicity were studied. The conidia of the isolates formed in natural habitats usually had long beaks and were more uniform in size than those produced in vitro. In aging or axenic growth, excessive cellular swelling was recognized characteristically in the fungus. Surface structure of the conidia and chain formation also varied with the culture media and the age of the colony. Based on the review of the literature and the result of the experiments, it is concluded that the description of the fungus described by Nakata and Takimoto in Korea and Japan does not coincide with A. panax. The isolates of A. panax incited foliar diseases not only in P. schinseng but also in other members of the Araliaceae tested. On the leaves of P. schinseng, Aralia elata and Schefflera arboricola, severe leaf spots and blights developed after artificial inoculation, but on the leaves of Fatsia japonica, symptoms were produced only around the wounded part and slowly enlarged. A. elata and F. japonica were found to be new hosts of the fungus.


The New York Times last year described Pierre Bourdieu as France's most in uential intellectual. His older concepts—such as social and symbolic capital, the habitus, the social construction of taste, and his models for the interplay of material and non-material domination—seem to gain more in uence as his new work grows more critical. La Domination Masculine was published in Paris in 1998, to a range of reviews and public discussion in the media, including from prominent French feminists. It is now available to an English readership, translated by Richard Nice. Masculine Domination is only 130 pages, worked up from a 1990 article. Bourdieu insists that he was, nevertheless, compelled to embark on this project 'by the whole logic of my research' and the treatise does refer continually to his classic works. In a new preface, perhaps taking issue with some of the criticisms levelled by French feminists, Bourdieu says that the book 'addresses explicitly a question that is obsessively raised by most commentators—that of (observed or desired) permanence or change in the sexual order' (emphasis in original) . Masculine Domination typically combines more  exible social science with Bourdieu's interest in everyday examples: feeling, bodies and the symbolic weight of structures like status and education. It forcefully posits that relations between men and women have changed less and women have gained less than superŽ cial observation suggest. Bourdieu returns to an understanding in which masculine and feminine social norms are distinct and binary, and more than unequal, since one actually dominates and produces the other in its own interest. His account is striking in its sympathy for the difŽ culties women still face and in its recognition of the degree to which masculine interests survive or contest most feminist challenges. The analysis begins from his long-term observation of the Kabyle, a North Algerian community. It proceeds to late capitalist countries, especially France and North America, identifying gender as the most important classifying social division. Engaged principally with Judith Butler and Virginia Woolf, Bourdieu's necessarily limited engagement with the full weight of feminist thought doesn't employ much feminist sociological theory as such. He also neglects French feminism, as reviewers have pointed out. Especially notable is his neglect of Beauvoir and The Second Sex, since the rejuvenated dominant/dominated model seems indebted to her ideas. Other central features attract criticism, in what is perhaps an adventure or interruption, out of the way of Bourdieu's more universalising project as a whole. Despite the insistence on grounded complexity, his vision of gender relations is as a surprisingly autonomous sphere, including a 'female habitus'. On questions of race and French or United States dominance, his analysis has to downplay the con icts provoked by comparing one isolated Algerian culture with varying Western cultures and their sexed socialisations. But Bourdieu's task is to describe the historical and material agents that


This article analyses medical opinion about nursing of infants by memsahibs and dais as well as the Bengali-Hindu bhadramahila as the 'immature' child-mother and the 'mature', 'goddess-like' mother in the tropical environment of nineteenth and early twentieth century Bengal. It shows how the nature of lactation, breast milk and breastfeeding are socially constructed and become central to medical advice on motherhood and childcare aimed at regenerating community, 'racial' and/or national health, including manly vigour for imperial, colonial and nationalist purposes. In colonial Bengal, the topic of breastfeeding surfaces as crucial to understanding colonial and nationalist, medical and medico-legal representations of maternal and child health constituted by gendered, racialised, classed and caste-ridden, biological/cultural and pure/polluting traits, often considered transferable through milk and blood.


OOP(object oriented programming) is the most important character of DICOM3.0,which is the universal format for medical images.Based on this feature,this paper focused on how to implement this interface software by using Java language as a solution for the integration of DICOM hardware and the processing software afterwards.In order to overcome the constraints of hardware incapacity, the way of data reading of the software was optimized to reduce the cost of CPU processing time and RAM requirement and enhance the running quality of PACS system.


This publication describes a model for faculty development in the area of immigrant Latino students. The Bridging Cultures Project was developed to address: how teacher professional development would affect teachers' understanding of how differing values could lead to conflict between home and school; how teachers could translate such understanding into improved practices bridging home and school cultures; and what effects this faculty development would have on students, teachers, and parents. The project was designed to validate a professional development process and materials for use with other teachers. This publication also describes the second phase of the project, which focused on: documenting the teachers' changes in thinking and practice; continuing to support teachers' growth as a professional development cadre; and disseminating the project through presentations/professional development workshops and publications. The four appendixes offer the Bridging Cultures Pre-assessment, Bridging Cultures Participant Questionnaire, Bridging Cultures Post-assessment, and Teacher Exit Questionnaire. (Contains 36 references.) (SW ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************************************************************************** Supporting Teachers to Bridge Cultures for Immigrant Latino Students A Model for Professional Development


Tests were conducted in the NASA spinning friction apparatus with SAE 52100 steel specimens with ball-groove conformities of infinity (ball on a flat), 60, 55, and 51 percent. The coefficient of spinning friction decreased with increasing maximum Hertz stress to a minimum value of approximately 0.05. For a constant stress, the coefficient of spinning friction increased with decreasing conformity (increasing percent conformity). Spinning torque increased with increasing stress for each conformity tested. For a given s t ress , spinning torque decreased with decreasing conformity.


Annealing experiments were carried out on phosphosilicate glass (PSG) films deposited on (100) silicon substrates by using a low‐pressure chemical vapor deposition technique. Rapid isothermal processing and conventional furnace heating were used to study the electrical, structural, and mechanical characteristics of these films and the results of the two processes compared. A refractive index of 1.457 was obtained in the rapid isothermal annealing cycle of 800 °C/15S, but was 1.419 for the furnace annealing cycle (i.e., 800 °C/65S). Spreading resistance analysis has shown that the junction depth remains unchanged for an 800 °C/15S rapid isothermal annealing cycle. Stress measurements show that rapid isothermal annealing leads to less strain compared to furnance annealing. The x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis shows that as compared to furnance annealing, rapid isothermal annealing provides a chemically homogenous interface. High‐frequency capacitance voltage (C‐V) measurements show that furnance‐an...


The "middle-income trap" has recently become a powerful catchword in the international development community. Nonetheless, despite using the same phrase, the existing literature considerably varies. The objective of this chapter is twofold. First, it provides a classification of this burgeoning area of research. Based upon differences in theoretical underpinnings and policy implications, the literature is categorized into three groups: (i) getting education and institutions right; (ii) changing export compositions through comparative advantage; and (iii) industrial upgrading through State intervention. Second, the chapter examines the validity of these three bodies of literature through the East Asian development experience. Deduced from the successful catching-up of the Republic of Korea, Singapore and Taiwan Province of China, structural transformation rather than education and institutions is a key driver of long-term growth. While changing a country's productive structure often goes against static comparative advantage, industrial and technology policies require clear yardsticks and compatible macroeconomic measures. The chapter also suggests conceptual grounds for future policymaking and research agendas to make the debate more relevant to today's developing countries. * Research for this chapter is supported by the Emerging State Project (Comparative History Approach) under the Grant inAid research project No. 25101004 of the Japan Society for Promotion of Sciences, for which the author is grateful. Introduction 56 Rethinking Development Strategies after the Financial Crisis – Volume I: Making the Case for Policy Space underlying causes of the trap asserted and the poli cies suggested. To make this issue more tractable and particularly pertinent to today's developing countries, this chapter has two objectives: first, it provides one of the earliest attempts at categorizing this burgeon ing area of research; and second, it examines the validity of each strand of MIT literature through the catchingup experience of East Asia. The following discussion is organized into five sections. Section I elaborates upon the three varia tions within the literature. Based upon the differing theoretical assumptions and solutions provided, the existing works on the MIT can be categorized into three groups, labelled by their policy stances: (i) get ting education and institutions right; (ii) changing export composition through comparative advantage; and (iii) industrial upgrading through State interven tion. The three succeeding sections examine each of these three bodies through the East Asian develop ment experience. Section II discusses why the focus on education and institutions cannot guarantee suc cessful catchingup unless it is particularly designed to support the country's industrial targets. Section III examines the role of structural transformation and export in longterm economic development, enquir ing whether East Asia has succeeded by following its comparative advantage. Section IV revisits the Statecentred approach to the MIT and discusses vari ous recipes for industrial and macroeconomic policies pursued in East Asia. Section V summarizes policy lessons and suggests certain conceptual grounds for future policymaking and research agendas. It is worth noting that by East Asia, this chapter means the policy lessons learned, mainly – yet not exclusively – from the firsttier newly industrializing economies (NIEs), namely the Republic of Korea, Singapore and Taiwan Province of China.2 These lessons are based upon their experience during the catchingup period, approximately between the 1960s and the 1980s, as this is most relevant to the debate concerning the transition from middle to highincome levels. While East Asia has usually been at the centre of the contemporary debate over economic develop ment, as symbolized in the World Bank's East Asian Miracle report (1993), it has surprisingly been miss ing from the current MIT debate. Of course, today's middleincome countries differ in their characters and situations, economically, socially and politically. Although we cannot make a sweeping generalization, the lessons from East Asia warrant detailed discus sion because among the only 13 countries who could escape from the MIT as mentioned above, East Asia comprises the major group of those nonEuropean countries without natural resource wealth. Generally speaking, the term MIT refers to the situation in which countries have failed to grow further into a highincome level despite attaining middle income status for certain periods. Nonetheless, there is no accepted definition of the MIT. One group of litera ture sees the trap as "growth slowdowns"; for example, Eichengreen et al. (2013) define MIT countries as those who had undergone average GDP growth of at least 3.5 per cent for several years and subsequently stepped down by at least 2 per cent between successive seven year periods (in the same vein are Felipe et al., 2012; Aiyar et al., 2013). Another group puts the MIT into the broader debate concerning the economic "catch ing up" of developing countries in relation to such developed countries as the United States or Japan (e.g. Lin and Rosenblatt, 2012; Lee, 2013). The MIT literature is even more diverse when analysing the causes of the trap and proposing policy solutions. According to their differences in the analytical approach to, and the solution for, the MIT, they can be classified into three groups, namely: (i) getting education and institutions right; (ii) changing export composition through compara tive advantage; and (iii) industrial upgrading through State intervention. While none of the existing MIT studies deny the importance of education, institutions and exports, each work differs in its emphasis placed upon the fundamental causes of the MIT, as well as the extent to which the State should be involved in remedying the problems (functional, facilitating, or proactive). Indeed, both are the criteria that I used for this categorization. I. Three approaches to the middle-income trap 57 The Middle-Income Trap and East Asian Miracle Lessons A. Getting education and institutions right The first strand is distinctive in terms of its principal focus on the causal mechanisms of educa tion and institutions. It considers inadequate quality of education and institutions as the main causes that impede middleincome countries from sustainable economic growth. In terms of policy suggestions, this strand prefers the role of the State to be kept to a minimum, particularly when comparing with the other two strands. For example, Aiyar et al. (2013) conducted a comprehensive study through probit regressions covering 138 countries from 1955 to 2009. Defined as strong rule of law, small govern ment and light regulation, highquality institutions are among significant factors that prevent growth slowdowns in middleincome countries. In terms of policy suggestions, this and related studies maintain that the State should concentrate on the socalled functional intervention by making the right incen tive systems for private sectors, investing more in education and institution building (e.g. Jimenez et al., 2012; Jitsuchon, 2012; Tran, 2013; Aiyar et al., 2013). B. Changing export composition through comparative advantage Rather than education and institutions, the second and third strands are more concerned with the country's structural transformation. Specifically, they point to a country's export composition as being particularly critical to its catchingup success and failure. For example, Felipe et al. (2012) argue that successful catchingup is found in those with a "diversified, sophisticated, and nonstandard level export basket". Put differently, while the Republic of Korea was able to gain comparative advantage in a significant number of sophisticated products, Malaysia and the Philippines were only able to gain comparative advantage in electronics. From their perspective, countries have fallen into the MIT because they have inadequate capabilities to produce and export highertechnology products. The disparity between these two groups lies in the role the State should play in solving the exports problem. The second strand has reservations about State intervention. While policy suggestions vary within this group, they generally prefer the State to function as no more than a facilitator who supports a country's transformation towards higher valueadded exports. Whereas some works recommend that developing countries should pay attention to their export com positions, they offer no clear instruction concerning how the State can achieve this (e.g. Felipe et al., 2012; Eichengreen et al., 2013). Another work within this strand goes further and maintains that the State should play a facilitating role by supporting sectors in accordance with the country's current comparative advantage. For example, Lin and Treichel (2012: 48) assert that: "To achieve dynamic growth, a develop ing country should develop industries according to its comparative advantage, which is determined by the country's endowment structure, and tap into the potential advantages of backwardness in industrial upgrading." C. Industrial upgrading through State intervention Similar to the second group, the third strand of MIT literature emphasizes exports and produc tion structures. Nevertheless, it explicitly supports the active role of the State in acquiring indigenous technology for latecomers, even against the country's comparative advantage when necessary. Put otherwise, for this group, comparative advantage is not a matter of concern, and especially comparative advantage in trade determined by initial endowment conditions. This group makes it clear that the MIT problem is mostly about the inappropriate or insufficient role of the State in enhancing the country's capabilities to produce and export highertechnology product


The invention discloses design of a shifting ring. The simple structural design is utilized, and rotation can be converted into linear motion by means of a shifting ring structure. The design of the shifting ring is widely applied in a mechanical motion conversion device.


Limber pine (Pinus flexilis), designated by Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) as a Species of Management Concern, is a keystone species that maintains ecosystem structure, function, and biodiversity in the park. In RMNP, limber pine is declining due to the interacting effects of recent severe droughts and the climate-exacerbated mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreak, and is imminently threatened by the invasion of the non-native pathogen (Cronartium ribicola) that causes the lethal disease white pine blister rust (WPBR) in five-needle white pines. Loss of limber pine will likely lead to cascading ecological impacts and loss of biodiversity in RMNP and surrounding area if impacts are not mitigated. This strategy is the outcome of collaboration between RMNP, Rocky Mountain Research Station (RMRS) and Forest Health Protection (FHP). It addresses the unique situation of limber pine in RMNP and the Southern Rockies. It recommends proactive conservation actions specific to the Southern Rockies based on knowledge from the RMNP/RMRS/FHP program and other research that provides site-based information before ecosystem impairment by WPBR. It focuses on timing specific monitoring efforts and interventions to sustain healthy limber pine populations and ecosystems during invasion and naturalization of WPBR and thereby putting limber pine on a trajectory that does not lead to ecosystem impairment in the future.


A novel liquid crystal containing a dibenzo-18-crown-6 unit was prepared. The ionic conductivity was increased 1.5 orders of magnitude by the addition of an equimolar amount of K+. However neither Na+ nor Li+ yielded suitable samples corresponding to the ion-size matching of the crown ether unit.


The Schiff base dimer (SHBD) [2,2'-(4,4'-methylene bis(4,1-phenylene) bis (azan-1-yl-1-ylidene) bis (methane1-yl-1-ylidene) diphenol] was prepared characterized and studied. Several techniques have been used to characterize the new dimer such as FTIR spectroscopy and CHN analysis. The SHBD polymer film was prepared by the repeat-spray method. The third order nonlinear optical properties were investigated by Z-scan measurements using cw laser. The experimentally determined values of nonlinear absorption β and nonlinear refractive index n2 are 2.79 x10 -2 cm/W and 6.12 x10 -7 cm 2 /W respectively. Optical limiting characteristics of the SHBD polymer film was studied. The experimental results indicated that the SHBD polymer film was a promising candidate in the applications of third order nonlinear optical materials.


Use of plant based drugs and chemicals for curing various ailments and personal adornment is as old as human civilization. Plants and plant-based medicaments are the basis of many of the modern pharmaceuticals we use today for our various ailments. The aim of the study was to investigate the bioactive chemical constituents and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of fruits skin of Opuntia dillenii, a traditionally used medicinal plant. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the fruits skin revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, phenol compounds, saponins and phytosteroids. Carbohydrate, protein and aminoacids, fixed oil and fats were absent. The antimicrobial studies of the extract were carried out on two clinical isolates Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella Pneumoniae using standard drug cefixime. 200 mg/ml in Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) of the extract showed inhibitory activity with an inhibition zone of 10mm for Staphylococcus aureus and 10mm for Klebsiella Pneumoniae. The presence of above said phytochemicals might be responsible for these activities. The results suggest that the fruits skin contains bioactive constituents and its antimicrobial activity justifies its use in traditional medicine.


In this paper we analyse constrained optimal Dirichlet boundary control problems subject to the linear heat equation. We propose to use boundary integral equations to solve the coupled optimality system, and we present results on unique solvability and related a priori error estimates for a symmetric Galerkin boundary element method. A numerical example confirms the analytical results.


Background Surgical site infections (SSIs) are major sources of adverse operation-related events in patients undergoing surgery and include increased morbidity, psychological trauma, additional cost, and delay of postoperative adjuvant therapies. This study aimed to identify the rate, degree, treatment, and causative organisms of SSIs after breast surgery in the hospital of Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria. Patients and methods The study prospectively included all patients admitted during the period from February 2013 to July 2013 who were selected for breast surgery. Patients were followed up for 30 days after surgery if they had no implant and for up to 1 year if they had an implant placed during the operation. The rate, degree, treatment, and causative organisms of SSIs after breast surgery were registered. Results The study included 146 patients; SSIs were diagnosed after 17 (11.6%) operations. All patients who had SSIs after breast surgery were identified during the outpatient follow-up. Six (35.2%) of the 17 patients who had SSIs after breast surgery needed to be readmitted for management of SSIs. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen (isolated from 41.2% of patients). Conclusion SSIs are important and common complications after breast surgery. They can occur after any type of breast surgery. Microbiological diagnosis is an essential tool for proper management.


The hydraulic pressure dynamic emulator,including the hydraulic energy equipment-pumping station by way of supplying the oil of a certain pressure and flux,is the main equipment of the hardware in-loop simulation system of underwater weapon,which can imitate the voyage depth variety of the underwater weapon.Based on the technology of virtual instrument and PXI standard bus of the modular instrumentation,this paper designs the test system of Virtual Instrument for the dynamic measuring of the hydraulic system of the hydraulic simulator.The design can achieve the inspect and analysis of pressure and flux of the hydraulic system and have powerful user-machine interaction for testing and data processing.


Modern graphics rendering is a very expensive process and can account for 60% of the battery consumption on current games. Much of the cost comes from the high memory bandwidth of rendering complex graphics. To render a frame, multiple smaller rendering passes called scenes are executed, with each one tiled for parallel execution. The data for each scene comes from hundreds of software resources (textures). We observe that each frame can consume up to 1000s of MB of data, but that over 75% of the graphics memory accesses are to the top-10 resources, and that bypassing the remaining infrequently accessed (tail) resources reduces cache pollution. Bypassing the tail can save up to 35% of the main memory traffic over resource-oblivious replacement policies and cache management techniques. In this paper, we propose Tail-PASS, a cache management technique that detects the most accessed resources at runtime, learns if it is worth bypassing the least accessed ones, and then dynamically enables/disables bypassing to reduce cache pollution on a per-scene basis. Overall, we see an average reduction in bandwidth-per-frame of 22% (up to 46%) by bypassing all but the top-10 resources and an 11% (up to 44%) reduction if only the top-2 resources are cached.


The invention relates to a retractable seat (10) of a motor vehicle comprising: - a support structure (100), - a seat (200) mounted swingably on the supporting structure around a front axis (A1), between a position of use and a raised position toward the front, and - a backrest (300) mounted in pivoting on the supporting structure around a lower axis (A2) between a use position and a first position folded down towards the 'before. According to the invention, the backrest is mounted for pivoting relative to the supporting structure about an upper axis (A3) distinct from said lower shaft, between said use position and a second position folded forward.


In order to proceed depreciation accounting of medical equipment reasonably,this paper analyses and compares the advantages and disadvantages of several common depreciation methods,with use efficiency of medical equipment,proposes distribution rule of static depreciation rate of χ2 distribution probability density function,meanwhile,introduces benchmark benefit ratio of funds,establishes dynamic depreciation method of medical equipment.


Hole by hole blasting is a new technique,which developed in the near several years and used by a lot of large open-pit mine.In this paper,based on the introduce of the basic principle,design method and its good blasting results in Huangshan Limestone Mine about hole by hole blasting technique are introduced.


These proceedings review the present status and perspectives of research in this field which is currently of broad interest to the community of nuclear physicists. Many facets of fusion dynamics were discussed, ranging from energies well below the Coulomb barrier to higher energies. Various questions about compound nucleus decay were also addressed, and evidence of links between fusion, competing reactions and nuclear structures were presented. Some talks concerned the superdeformed structures recently discovered in many nuclei. Part of the workshop was devoted to the fusion of very heavy systems, and to the production of superheavy elements. One session focused on fusion reactions with radioactive ion beams.


The paper focuses on the systematic principles of creating games in P.E teaching practiceAnd their application on the basis of pedagofics and physical education . It will benefit the P.E teachers in the improvement of their of teaching.


By referring to A. Schütz's classification of epistemology, this article analyzes the differences between normal care management and care management in small, multi-functional institutions in Fukuyama, Hiroshima Prefecture, in terms of the cognition of those who need care. In normal care management, cognition moves from a personal type to a more abstract and functional type, as the practice moves from the assessment stage to a care planning stage. This shows that cognition always tends to increase its level of abstraction, as is implied in Schütz's classification. However, cognitive abstraction is consciously avoided in Fukuyama, and personal cognition develops into something more individual. This finding may indicate that abstraction levels might define the size of a welfare practice.


Introduction: Even though ear infection is primarily a disease of infants and young children, it can also affect adults. Materials and method: A total of 40 subjects with otitis media infection were included in the study. Patients were grouped into 1–17 years and 19–30 years. Bacterial species were identied by standard microbiological methods manually. Results: The most frequent bacterial isolates were staphylococcus aureus in children 10 (55.5%) and adults 6(27.2%). Conclusion: Predominant bacterial isolate was S. aureus in both adults and children, however there were more S. aureus in children than adults


A study report of the UNESCO anticipates the changes in the education paradigm with the use of ICT. Contrary to the current education paradigm where students receive classroom instruction and study individually outside classroom, ICT supported educational paradigm will lead student to undergo individual learning according to their abilities and achievements. Students will also learn more in a collaborative work outside the classroom. However, these changes will be difficult to be fulfilled if they requires drastic changes in the way teachers work. Therefore, there is a need for a guided process which empowers teacher to evolve from the old to the new education paradigm. The process will use ICT applications to help the teachers. Initially teachers will develop and implement appropriate lesson plans according to the current paradigm. Then the application will lead the teachers to prepare materials for students to learn independently instead of classroom teaching. This paper proposes model applications required for such changes. It discusses the requirements for each application and major changes in version for guiding the transformation processes.


This essay reviews the impact of the doctrine of socialist realism on post‐war Polish music, including jazz, from approximately 1949 to 1955. It also discusses the role of Communist censorship in the process of enforcing the new aesthetic directives. Examples of state interference in the lives of Roman Palester, Andrzej Panufnik, and Witold Lutosławski are examined in more detail.


The relationship between social security expenditures and fertility was analyzed in 25 governorates in Egypt. Recent demographic research has analyzed the effect of economic and social development on fertility levels by breaking down the effects of economic development into the indirect and direct effects. The direct effects were positively associated with fertility; the indirect effects of economic development such as increased knowledge and use of birth control and female employment and education were negatively associated with fertility. The study was based on this assumption and on the utility cost theory explanation of fertility developed by Leibeiste in 1957. The utility cost explanation assumes the following: people behave rationally with respect to their own fertility i.e. behave as if they were applying rough calculations to the problem of determining the desirable number of births; and these calculations are directed toward balancing the satisfaction or utility to be derived from an additional child against the costs both monetary and psychological of having that child. This theory distinguishes between these types of utility to be derived from an additional child. The first is the childs utility as a consumption good as a source of personal pleasure to the parents. The second is the childs utility as a productive agent as a person who may be expected eventually to work and contribute to the family income. the third is the childs utility as a potential source of security e.g. in the parents old age. 2 types of costs for the added child are described in this theory. Direct costs are the usual expenses of maintaining the child until he/she is self-supporting. Indirect costs are those incurred when opportunities are foregone because of the childs existence. 5 variables were used in this study: social security; fertility; and the 3 control variables of infant mortality female education and male education. Results of this study of whether a negative relationship between social security expenditure and fertility exists fail to arrive a a suitable answer about this relationship. The negative correlation between social security expenditures and fertility does not exist in Egypt but it is expected to appear in the future.


that very great difficulty had been experienced in trying to find asylum places for insane or lunatic prisoners and that, as a consequence, a lunatic hospital had been opened within Perth Prison in August 1846. It is noteworthy that this was necessary despite the fact that by this date many local asylums had been established throughout the country. As a consequence of this prejudice, any proposal to improve services for forensic patients in NHS hospitals will be liable to founder if it deals only with physical resources and does not also incorporate incentives towards greater sharing of the care of such patients. In the case of those special hospital patients who are forced to wait for their transfer, humanitarian considerations may well lead to the introduction of more formal and forceful procedures to ensure a prompt removal away from conditions of maximum security. If these measures were ever to become necessary then it would represent a grave indictment on those who deal at present with these patients. J A BAIRD


Dry friction damping structures are simple and can be used in big range of working temperature, therefore varied kinds of friction contact damping structures have been widely used in turbomachine blades to reduce the forced vibration and improve dynamic stability. However, the dynamic analysis of such structures is still a challenging engineering task because the dry friction damping is a dynamic contact problem with complex boundary condition and strong nonlinear characteristics. A three dimensional numerical model for friction contact has been proposed to investigate the contact kinematics in the contact surfaces between adjacent blade shrouds. Microslip effects taken into account with a discretization of the contact surface with a mesh of contact elements, by altering the number of contact node can consider the effects of the area of the contact surface on forced response of shroud blade. The complex movement in the shroud contact surfaces was described by tracking the trajectory of the relative motion of the contact node. The model can consider the differences between the static friction coefficient and dynamic friction coefficient. The model has the mathematically tractable characteristic and can be easily used, and conforms to the engineering need. In order to decrease time consuming for computing the forced response, a reduced method is employed to condense all nonlinear degrees of freedom (DOF) to the nonlinear DOF on the contact surfaces, hence, iterative procedure of solution is limited in nonlinear degrees of freedoms. An alternating frequency/time domain method (AFT) which takes the advantages of both the time domain method and the frequency domain method is introduced to predict nonlinear vibration of shrouded blade systems. The developed friction model and calculated method of dynamic equation are applied to calculate nonlinear vibration for a real steam turbine blade. The effect of parameters on resonant frequency and response of the blade are investigated and discussed.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


The ignition delay times (IDTs) of iso-octane with or without EGR in the 600-950 K temperature range and at pressures of 20 and 30 bar were measured under various equivalence ratios (Φ=0.6-1.4) wit...


Preface Introduction 1. Corporate and Management Objectives 2. Strategy Planning and the Finance Function 3. Traditional Methods of Investment Appraisal 4. The Single-Period Investment Consumption Decision Model 5. The Discounted Cash Flow Approach 6. Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return Developed 7. Project Appraisal Cash Flows 8. Capital Market Imperfections 9. Overview of Risk and Return 10. Traditional and Technological Approaches to Risk 11. An Introduction to Portfolio Theory, Capital Structure and Market Efficiency 12. Overseas Capital Investment Tables Answers to Quickie Questions Index


Rice straw pretreatment in high temperature conditions were optimized to improve the enzymatic hydrolysis yield of reducing sugar.The effect of solid-liquid ratio,pH,temperature,time to the sugar yield were investigated .By multilevel of single factor test and orthogonal test methods,the results for the optimal pretreatment conditions were as follows:the solid-liquid ratio of 1∶8,pH12,190℃,15min.Under the optimal condition,the reducing sugar yield was 88.97% after enzymatic hydrolysis .


Contraceptive methods for diabetics are discussed. The mechanical methods, e.g. condom, diaphragm, as well as the IUD can be used by diabetics the same as non-diabetics, although the use of the IUD increases the risk of infection, which could cause complications in older diabetics. Mini-pills can be used by diabetics the same as non-diabetics, but the menstrual irregularities they cause make them undesirable. Combination preparations can cause changes in carbohydrate and fat metabolism, and should therefore only be used in cases where the patient has uncomplicated diabetes and sterilization or other contraceptive methods are not possible. Sterilization is a safe contraceptive method for diabetics and can be used where medical or personal reasons indicate that the patient should or would have no more children.


The obesity epidemic is a worldwide problem. Studies from the late 20th century show a consistent trend of increasing obesity prevalence on a global scale (Popkin & Doak, 1998). The OECD reports that overweight and obese people are now a majority amongst OECD countries, with Mexico having one of the highest obesity rates: as of 2012, 32.4% of the adult population was obese (Wilson, Devaux, & Cecchini, 2014). Obesity, in turn, is a risk factor to many of the most widespread chronic diseases: diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and even cancer. We propose that a preventive strategy towards obesity will result in long-term and high impact results. Our strategy focuses on changing two significant lifestyle factors: diet and physical activity. The former is achieved by a comprehensive health education and habit-forming program; the latter, by personalized goal setting based on activity measurements with the use of mobile accelerometry. This work presents the physical activity results of a pilot study realized with Mexican youth. Within this study, we explore the use of the motivational package "Move-your-health®" alongside a series of workshops to validate the hypothesis that personalized goal setting leads to a measurable increase in physical activity.


We've got to improve the value of care. That was true before the election, is true today, and will still be true when the next election comes along.


From the Publisher:
Emphasizing discrete models using difference equations and matrix representations, this book plays down the importance of calculus and differential equations in applied mathematics. Realizing that some students fail to see the relevance of applied maths, the author makes sure he uses modern and relevant examples. Each chapter contains numerous worked examples and problems for solution and all answers are provided. Looks at applied math in a very practical way - uses supermarket bar codes to explain error correction codes. First year undergraduates in applied maths taking courses such as introduction to applied maths.


The diagnosis of pericardial angiosarcoma is rare. We present a 33 year-old man with recurrent hemorrhagic pericardial effusions ultimately diagnosed with pericardial angiosarcoma by surgical biopsy. This case report highlights the challenges in diagnosing primary pericardial malignancy.


The maturation of sperm is a multiple progress.During transit through the epididymis,sperm released cytoplasm and mature.Retention of 'residual cytoplasm' on human spermatozoa form droplets.Droplets have been found in many domestic species and may be associated with infertility.


In this paper,theoretical expressions of nonlinear evolution were derived for two-component homonuclear spin system under the COSY-revamped by asymmetric Z gradient echo detection(CRAZED) pulse sequence from the combination of the dipolar field theory and product operator formalism.Computer simulations based on the random walk model and dipolar field theory were performed to gain insight into the nonlinear evolution properties of free-diffusion one-and two-component spin systems.The simulation results agree well with theoretical predictions.


We prove some coincidence theorems involving a pair of self-mappings and defined on an ordered metric space wherein is -increasing -contractive mapping. In our results, neither the whole space nor the range subspaces ( or ) are required to be complete. Instead, we use the completeness of a subspace of satisfying suitable conditions.


Background: The estimates of 10-year risk for atherosclerotic disease (ASCVD-10) is applicable for individuals who are 40 to 79 years old without prior cardiovascular disease. While multiple compon...


As FORMAN argues "hip-hop culture has always maintained fiercely defended local ties and a built-in element of competition waged through hip-hop's cultural forms of rap, break-dancing and graffiti" (2002: 178). This is especially evident in Los Angeles, a city stricken by gang violence in the 1980s and 1990s, where hip-hop culture merged with gang culture. Many of the up and coming artists were gang members and their music was informed by their neighborhoods and the respective gang violence; breakdancers, rappers and DJs were crossing enemy lines to perform at shows, while 'tag bangers' were writing their names on walls and crossing off the names of their rivals. Focusing on Mexican-American artists, this paper aims to show how space and identity is being conveyed in 'Chicano Rap' in L.A.
'Chicano Rap' emerged as in the late 1980s and early 1990s a subgenre within West Coast hip-hop. As (Black) Gangsta Rap clustered primarily in Compton, Southcentral and Long Beach, Mexican-American artists came from all over L.A. county: Proper Dos from Santa Monica, (Kid) Frost from East L.A., Conejo from West Adams, Psycho Realm from Pico Union, Brownside from Southcentral, Lawless from Wilmington and Lighter Shade of Brown from Riverside. Uniquely combining 'Oldie' (R'n'B) and Latin Rock samples with hip-hop baselines and rapping in 'Spanglish', they created a brand-new sound that soon became popular in the whole Southwest. Their lyrics talked about gang violence, police brutality, and daily life in the varrio ('hood) and entailed local signifiers like area codes (i.e. '213' for L.A.), neighborhoods (i.e. 'East Los' for East L.A.) and street names. While strongly identifying with L.A. neighborhoods, Mexico is omnipresent as a space of cultural rooting as well as Aztlan, the mythical homeland of the Chicanos. Hereby, Chicano rappers forge "extreme local" (FORMAN) identities on the one hand and pan-Chicano pride and self-determination across city-, state- and country borders, on the other. This paper pursues the distinct forms of spatial identification within 'Chicano Rap', whether gang related or not, yet always in accordance with hip-hop's turf mentality.


Music: Claude Blouin Et Son Orchestre Ballroom Dancing – Disque De Danse Vol. 5 itunes.apple.com/us/album/the-best-of-disque-de-danse-palujocd6/id281975697 Track 10 Time 2:57 Available from choreographer Rhythm: Waltz Phase: IV Footwork: Opposite except where (Noted) Release Date: Oct 17 Choreo: Jos Dierickx Beverlosestwg 14b2 3583 Paal Belgium Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Sequence: ABC A C B(1-15) END ==============================================================================================


Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) is a member of family Solanaceae. It is herbaceous, annual to perennial, prostrate and sexually propagated plant with bisexual flower. Tomatoes are attacked by many kinds of pathogens such as fungi, insects, nematodes, bacteria, viruses and viroid. Among bacterial diseases, bacterial soft rot devastates this important crop causing a huge decrease in yield and a greater loss in produce than any bacterial disease known. Yield losses due to post-harvest diseases of fruits and vegetables range from 20-30% but losses due to soft rot bacteria may reach up to 100% under insufficient conditions of storage facility, this have huge impacts on famers and vendors. In vitro efficacy of certain botanicals against bacterial soft rot of tomato were tested in the months of February to March, 2015 in the Department of Plant Pathology and Department of Biochemistry, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (Deemed University)– Allahabad, UP, India. Four botanicals were evaluated against the bacterial soft rot of storage tomato at 2 and 8 days after inoculation. After evaluation of botanicals efficacy, their effect on some biochemical properties of the treated tomato such as reducing sugars, vitamin C and pH were also evaluated. Turmeric 30% (T4) proved to be the best botanical to inhibit the bacterial growth while turmeric 20% (T3) and neem 30% (T6) appeared as superior in preserving biochemical properties of the tomato respectively.

 Key words: Tomato, pathogens, bacterial disease.


This article is devoted to the problem of the cultural heritage. More than 73 000 historical monuments are in
Ukraine. The first monuments were built in 1944. In 1981 the Ukrainian state museum of the history of the Great
Patriotic War was opened in Kyiv.


The analysis of mucoid isolated from the bovine femur has shown that the amounts of N and amino sugar well agree with that of Eastoe's report, but SO4″ gives a little lower value.The ultraviolet absorption spectrum of osseomucoid was found to be very similar with that of ordinary simple proteins.The contained tyrosine and tryptophan calculated from the ultraviolet absorption spectrum showed that the amount of tyrosine was slightly lower than that was chemically determined by Eastoe et al. and tryptophan gave the value of 0.31% which was not chemically analyzed by Eastoe et al.According to the study by Tiselius and the filter paper electrophoresis, also in the case of osseomucoid, the Partridge has shown three fractions as shown with the mucoid of cartilage, and it was deduced that they are 1) chondroitin sulfuric acid, 2) probably a kind of protein containing the neutral polysaccharide, 3) something like a compound of the above two components.


Part 1 Basic assumptions, models, and self-management assessments: the basics of self-management competencies and training assessing self-management skills. Part 2 The pyramid of control: sort out your values organize your values into life dimensions write a vision statement prioritize your life dimensions set goals prioritize goals and performance ranges write and action plan (objectives and activities) evaluate progress and take corrective action. Part 3 Putting together the self-management puzzle - self-management exercises: self-awareness self-confidence self-esteem/self-respect drive repect for others. Part 4 Self-managed teams: values of self-managed teams turning values into action roles and role management.


Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/facpub Part of the Law Commons Publication Information Ralph C. Anzivino, Does the "Bona Fide" Error Defense of the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act Include Mistakes of Law?, 37 Preview U.S. Sup. Ct. Cas. 184 (2010). © 2010 American Bar Association.This information or any portion thereof may not be copied or disseminated in any form or by any means or downloaded or stored in an electronic database or retrieval system without the express written consent of the American Bar Association.


Content Addressable Memory (CAM) is basically receives the data and search process has to be done to find the address. The search operation is done in parallel manner so that the power and the area consumption is more but the single clock cycle throughput makes it faster than other memory. Meanwhile the CAM comprises of sensing circuit and the priority encoder and the encoder utilizes less energy so that power gated ML sensing is used to distribute the power according to the usuage. In this paper the idea of gated power ML sensing is combined with that of the segmented ML sensing. The power consumption and the area can reduce to a specified value.


The dynamic simulation was carried out in ADAMS where the crankshaft had been cut open.Six crankpins formed the crankshaft and some relative movement degrees were constrained in order to avoid solve the in-determined structure;linear springs were used to model the constraints of the main bearings.This model is very accurate for it allows not only for the interaction of the bending moment and torque and the flexibility of the supports,but the effects of continuous ignition among multi-cylinder.The loadings in crankpins and main bearings were respectively calculated by simulating two steady work cycles of crankshaft system.The results of different constraints of the main bearings were compared,which indicates that the results have very large differences with the different supporting conditions and that the flexible supports simulating the constraints of the main bearings are more practical.


Stimulus and location specificity are long considered hallmarks of visual perceptual learning. This 8 renders visual perceptual learning distinct from other forms of learning, where generalization can be 9 more easily attained, and unsuitable for practical applications, where generalization is key. Based on 10 hypotheses derived from the structure of the visual system, we test here whether stimulus variability 11 can unlock generalization in perceptual learning. We train subjects in orientation discrimination, while 12 we vary the amount of variability in a task-irrelevant feature, spatial frequency. We find that 13 independently of task difficulty, this manipulation enables generalization of learning to new stimuli 14 and locations, while not negatively affecting the overall amount of learning on the task. We then use 15 deep neural networks which recapitulate our findings in humans to investigate how variability unlocks 16 generalization. We find that networks develop invariance to the task-irrelevant feature when trained 17 with variable inputs. The degree of learned invariance strongly predicts generalization. A reliance on 18 invariant representations can explain variability-induced generalization in visual perceptual learning, 19 suggests new targets for understanding the neural basis of perceptual learning in high-order visual 20 cortex, and presents an easy to implement modification of common training paradigms that may 21 benefit practical applications. 22 the networks. We find the highest correspondence between in vivo and in silico experiments after 100 training steps (correlation of SI between human subjects and DNNs, r =0.81, p <0.0001). We used the simulation results from this training step for all subsequent analyses. To dissociate a generalization 217 strategy relying on SF-invariant orientation representations from a specialization strategy relying on 218 units narrowly tuned to SF and orientation, we computed the number of units tuned to the trained SF 219 and a SF-invariant orientation tuning index (SIOI) and for each of the 5 layers of the DNN (see 220 Methods).


Aims:  Staphylococcus epidermidis Esp, an extracellular serine protease, inhibits Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation and nasal colonization. To further expand the biotechnological applications of Esp, we developed a highly efficient and economic method for the purification of recombinant Esp based on a Brevibacillus choshinensis expression–secretion system.


In the process of prospecting for concealed faults in the Shitingjiang area by means of the remote-sensing geological interpretation,local special riverbed and river shoal landform has hindered the researchers from the application of some common geophysical-geochemical methods.In this paper,the geogas prospecting method was employed to obtain the location and breadth information of local concealed faults.It is shown that geogas prospecting can not only verify the reliability of remote-sensing interpretation but also offer more accurate location information,thus providing important help for the exploration of local geothermal resources.In river bed and river shoal areas,the influence of the surface environment on the accumulative geogas prospecting is insignificant,which is different from things of other common geophysical-geochemical methods.The accumulative geogas prospecting has fairly good environmental adaptability and practicability.


Cultural industry is a way of producing cultural works, which is based on modern industry.It's a new factor of the increasing of modern national economy. With the tendency of combination of the world's economy and culture,the development of the cultural industry and modern cities' economy is closely related.


Field work to examine the population parameters of Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis was initiated in Point Pelee National Park, southwestern Ontario, during the summer of 1972. A mark-recapture trapping program of 1,644 trap nights resulted in the capture of 155 individuals 278 times. Significant differences in white-footed mouse density were evident in the different habitats studied. Density in the forest ranged from 4.2 to 6.5 animals per .1 hectare and in the orchard from 1.7 to 3.7 animals per .1 hectare. No differences in survivorship, proportion of sexually active females, juvenile recruitment or proportions of resident and transient individuals were detected in comparisons between habitats. This study indicates that in different types of habitat P. leucopus density varies, but other population parameters appear to be uniform. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.


Microbial growth and metabolism is the result of the interaction between its own characteristics and external factors.In the course of microbial growth and metabolic,many factors will directly or indirectly affect the microbes growth,including internal and external factors.In order to obtain the most suitable environment for the growth of bacteria with removal of nitrogen and hydrogen sulfide simultaneously,four non-biological factors influencing cell growth,including pH,temperature,carbon and nitrogen source,were studied.The result showed that optimum growth condition for Pseudomonas fluorescens was temperature of 30 ℃,initial pH value of 7.5,and malic acid as carbon source,KNO3+NH4Cl as nitrogen source,and that for Pseudomonas aeruginosa was temperature of 35 ℃,initial pH value of 7.0,and malic acid as carbon source,KNO3+NH4Cl as nitrogen source.


For readers immersed in the annals of Empire, it is well known that the United States (US) is no ordinary State in the world system. The US is an Empire, but a unique post-colonial Empire whose national security strategy since 1945 has strove to build, integrate and police a world system of sovereign clients that share its model: capitalism, the liberal State form, and the consumerist "way of life." The US Empire combines tools of coercion and persuasion to achieve its goals. In the former "hard power" strategy, it uses threats, bribes, punishments and outright warfare to deter, contain, and directly dominate opponents. With the latter "soft power" strategy, it aims to elicit the consent of others to its leadership, to attract and co-opt them (Bacevich 2004, 2010, 2013; Blum 2004; Cox and Stokes 2012; de Grazia 2005; Dower 2017; Cull 2008; Harvey 2003; Klein 2007; Mirrlees 2016; Mooers 2016; Perkins 2009; Panitch and Gindin 2012; Snow 2003). As of late, though, the US Empire is said to be in relative decline, perhaps even headed toward a full-fledged collapse. For proponents of decline, the 20th "American Century" is over and the prospect of the 21st century being American-centric is thwarted by a combination of endogenous and exogenous factors. Internally, the US faces numerous economic problems (a permanent account deficit due to borrowing more money from the world than it makes by selling to it) and geopolitical troubles (overstretch as result of trying to make the world in its image with permanent and boundless wars). Externally, the rise of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (brics), which together account for about 30 percent of world gdp and about 45 percent of the planet's population, heralds a massive shift in concentrations of global economic, military, and cultural power away from a American-centric unipolar world order to post-American multi-polar global disorder (Chomsky 2012; Desai 2013; Escobar 2014; Harris 2016; Zakaria 2008).


We discuss components of our works in access control here at CERIAS. Our work includes the following:

- A theory for gauging the expressive power of an access control model, and the use of that theory to compare the expressive power of different models,

- Analysis of safety, availability and mutual exclusion properties of access control models, specifically, the hierarchical role based access control model,

- Administrative models for hierarchical role based access control that satisfy both pragmatic and formal requirements. The administrative model we are building scales well with large numbers of users and roles, supports complex role hierarchies and lends itself to automation. It has favorable complexity properties in deciding safety, availability and mutual exclusion, and,

- The relationship of hierarchical role based access control to other models, such as the HRU model (DAC) and Trust Management languages.


This paper presents a Game Theoretic framework for the analysis of distributed spectrum sharing in a Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) prone to jamming attacks. We consider competitive interactions between a selfish secondary user (SU) transmitter-receiver pair and a jammer under realistic physical interference constraints. Assuming incomplete knowledge of the jammer's location in the network, the SU chooses its transmission power strategy, subject to a total power budget, with the objective of satisfying a minimum signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) constraint at the intended receiver.We model the strategic power allocation problem as an incomplete and imperfect information game and investigate self-enforcing strategies of the SU and the jammer. The solution of the game corresponds to Nash Equilibria (NE) points. We carry out the equilibrium analysis for this game by considering the mixed strategy solution space and provide closed form expressions of the equilibria points. Numerical examples are presented for illustration.


INTRODUCTION
Although the relationship between perceived stigma and mental health outcomes are documented in the existing literature, very few studies have investigated the mechanism linking perceived stigma and mental health outcomes among individuals diagnosed with substance use disorders. To the best of the present authors' knowledge, the social support deterioration deterrence model has never been tested in the context of perceived stigma among individuals diagnosed with substance use disorders.

AIM/QUESTION
Guided by the social support deterioration deterrence model, the present study investigated the mediating role of perceived support from three types of social network members (i.e., significant others, family members, friends) in the association between perceived stigma and depression in individuals diagnosed with substance use disorders.

METHOD
The study employed a cross-sectional survey design comprising 300 participants diagnosed with substance use disorders in Taiwan.

RESULTS
Results of a structural equation modeling analysis indicated that perceived stigma was significantly associated with depression. The relationship between perceived stigma and depression was partially mediated by perceived family support and perceived friend support.

DISCUSSION
Consistent with the prediction of the social support deterioration deterrence model, the negative effect of perceived stigma on depression for individuals diagnosed with substance use disorders is through the mediating effect of social support.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICES
Based on the present study's results, psychosocial interventions to increase perceived support from family and friends would be helpful in addressing negative effects of perceived stigma on mental health among individuals diagnosed with substance use disorders.


Bioactive 2-benzazepines were accessed in an atom- and step-economical manner through a versatile palladium-catalyzed C-H activation strategy. The C-H arylation required low catalyst loading and a mild base, which was reflected by a broad scope and high functional-group tolerance. The benzotriazolodiazepinones were identified as new heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibiting lead compounds, with considerable potential for anti-cancer applications.


Single (0.005 M DTPA), sequential (six-step) and kinetic (0.05 M EDTA) extractions were performed to assess Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn mobilization and their potential ecological risks in Abuja (Nigeria) water (WTS) and wastewater (WWTS) treatment sludges. Total metal levels (mg/kg) in WTS and WWTS, respectively were: Cd(3.67 and 5.03), Cr(5.70 and 9.03), Cu(183.59 and 231.53), Ni(1.33 and 3.23), Pb(13.43 and 17.87), Zn(243.45 and 421.29). DTPA furnished metal extraction yields (%) in WTS and WWTS, respectively as: Cd(11 and 6), Cr (15 and 7), Cu(17 and 13), Ni(23 and 3), Pb(11 and 12), and Zn(37 and 33). The metals were associated with the soluble/exchangeable, carbonate, Mn/Fe-oxide, organic matter and residual forms to varying degrees. Kinetic extractions cumulatively leached metal concentrations akin to the mobilizable fractions extracted sequentially and the leaching data fitted well into the Elovich model. Metal mobilities were concordant for the three leaching procedures and varied in the order:WTS>WWTS. Calculated ecological risk indices suggested moderate and considerable metal toxicity in WTS and WWTS, respectively with Cd as the worst culprit. The findings may be useful in predicting heavy metals bioavailability and risks in the sludges to guide their disposal and use in land applications.


Objective: In our study, our aim was to examine the coexistence and frequency of chronic diseases. Design and method: A total of 1117 middle and elderly patients were included in the study. Patients were grouped according to the presence or absence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), osteoporosis. Results: 331 (29.6%) of patients had diabetes. 198 patients (59.8%) of diabetic patients also had hypertension. At the same time, the presence of hypertension was statistically significant in diabetic patients (p: 0.000). Sixty (5.4%) of the patients had osteoporosis. Twelve (3.6%) of diabetic patients also had osteoporosis. The presence of osteoporosis at the same time in diabetic patients was not statistically significant (p: 0.093). There were 124 (11.1%) patients with copd. 38 (11.5%) of diabetic patients also had copd. At the same time, the presence of copd in diabetic patients was not statistically significant (p: 0.793). 530 patients (47.4%) had hypertension. 198 patients (37.4%) of hypertensive patients also had diabetes. At the same time, the presence of dm was statistically significant in hypertensive patients (p: 0.000). 38 (30.6%) of patients with copd also had diabetes. At the same time, the presence of diabetes was not found statistically significant in patients with copd (p:0.793). Twelve (20.0%) of osteoporotic patients also had diabetes. The presence of diabetes at the same time in patients with osteoporosis was not statistically significant (p:0.093). Conclusions: Mortality and morbidity rates can be reduced by controlling frequent diseases.


CASE DESCRIPTION The primary subject matter of this case concerns the differences between the characteristics of teams and high performance work groups. Secondary issues examined include distinguishing between the two forms of group organization and the appropriate use of each; the necessary components that contribute to a group's success; and learning how to successfully cope with a change in a group's membership. The case has a difficulty level of three. It is designed to be taught in one hour and is expected to require two or three hours of outside preparation by students. CASE SYNOPSIS The case involves a highly performing work group, which displays many characteristics of a high performance team, in the setting of a small office on a university campus. Through displays of their strong interpersonal relationship, one can see why the group is so successful, but the continuing success of the group is in jeopardy when one member announces her retirement. The group is left to ponder the question of how to sustain their team, or were they a team anyway? RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TEACHING APPROACHES Clearly, the teaching note relies heavily on the work of Katzenbach and Smith, The Wisdom of Teams (1999). Therefore, it would be advisable to make this book a text for the course, where appropriate. It clearly draws the distinction between high performing work groups and teams, and discusses the conditions under which each is the preferred operating choice. If not a course reading, the instructor may wish to become familiar with this work and outline it for students. Prior to introducing the case, class discussion can be helpful to tease out the differences between work groups and teams. The table in response to question 2 can be helpful in this regard, as well as material contained in most textbooks on organizational behavior or team work. Help students understand and appreciate that "getting to team" is not necessarily the required organizational response. In many circumstances, work groups that perform well are quite satisfactory, indeed preferred, and require far less personal and institutional commitment than teams. While sports analogies are often not appreciated, they are apt here. Students are quite conversant with such, and are generally able to identify the differences in personal performance required by athletes when compared to, say, most decision-making groups in their lives or student organizations. "Only the team wins;" "Everyone has to pull on the rope together;" " Do something sacrificial for the team;" reflect a different orientation than a committee environment that may be dominated more by personal agendas, power issues, low commitment, and compromise as a decision mechanism. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 1. Is Beatrice correct when she calls the group a team? Yes and no. The group displays characteristics of both a high performance work group and a team. The intermingling of the appropriate characteristics of a work group and team leads to the group's success. Overall, the group meets the definition of a high performance work group, which is "a group that can achieve its performance challenge entirely through the combination of individual performances" (Katzenbach, 1999). Work groups are not mutual accountable for their work and usually have a single leader. They interact primarily to share information and to help other work group members perform better in their individual roles (Katzenbach, 1999). This is exactly the environment that is displayed at the office in the case study. The performance goals of the office of Academic Affairs are handled through the combined individual efforts of each staff member which has assigned responsibilities with the Vice President being the single leader of the office. Works groups tend to have a leader that controls the group and assigns work. The work group goals are determined by the organization with emphasis on individual performances and communication flowing down from the leader (Pell, 1999). …


In this paper,a complex of rare earth europium(Eu) with Undecylenic acid(UA) was synthesized.Then the Eu-UA-siloxane composite was hydrosilylated from polyhydrosiloxane and the complex at the presence of Pt-catalyst,and characterized by means of FT-IR and 1H-NMR.The fluorescence spectra demonstrated that the composite was excited with a wavelength of 393 nm,exhibited the strongest emission at 616 nm.The fluorescence intensity of the composite increase linearly with the contents of europium increasing,no concentration quenching phenomenon was found.