Marketing of ready to eat fresh produce has an increasing share of supermarket shelves around the world. Most products are prepared manually or partially mechanized. Mechanization of fruit peeling and cutting is a known procedure mainly in canned fruits and vegetables production. As an exception, an automatized technology and mechanization for production of fresh produce was developed by the Institute of Agricultural Engineering for extracting pomegranate arils, now it is manufactured and distributed by Juran Ltd (Israel). The present study is designed to develop a technology and machinery for production of fresh cut, ready to eat watermelons and cantaloupes. It aims to mechanically cut, peel and pack the watermelons and cantaloupes. As part of this study we examined several alternatives to perform the whole process, ranging from laser-cut to high-pressure water using artificial vision systems as utilized in sorting processes in the production industry. The study evaluated, analyzed and developed a number of special puncturing tools: fixed, rotating, solid and perforated. As part of these experiments the shelf life of the fruit was tested. It was found that a round, disk shape slice as final fine product is achievable and maintains quality requirements more than a week in cooled and hermetically closed package. The results of these trials have led to the design of the semiautomatic system which requires at this stage a manual feed of the fruit. The main parts of the machinery have been built and tested successfully.


Retrospective study of 950 biopsies of breast at Guillermo Almenara National during 1990-1995 There were, 950 benign lesions of breast (74,21%) Fibroadenomas ocurr in the first half of reproductive age whereas fibrocys in the perimenopausal period. Sensivity of breast ultrasound (87,5%) and of BAAF (85,8%) indicate that methods are adequate for the diagnosis of breast benign disorders. Use of the Page modified classification for the histopathologic registry is recommended.


Discriminate analysis was usedtoevaluate theenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)forthe detection ofanti-Treponema hyodysenteriae antibodies inexperimentally andnaturally infected swine. Intrial 1,26pigs wererandomly divided into three groups(naturally infected, n = 8;experimentally infected, n = 11; andnoninfected, n = 7),andsamples were collected for10weeks. Fortrial 2,31pigs were randomly divided into twogroups(naturally infected, n = 22;andnoninfected, n = 7),andsamples were collected for20weeks. Rectal swabsforT.hyodysenteriae isolation were collected daily, andfecal samples forisolation ofSalmonella spp.were collected weekly. Serumsamples forELISAevaluation were collected biweekly (trial 1)or weekly (trial 2).Results ofdiscriminate analysis indicated thattheELISAcorrectly identified 90% or more ofthe individually infected pigsatpriorprobabilities ofinfection ranging from60to90%.Thetestcorrectly identified noninfected pigs atalower rate(61to92%range). Themean ELISAtiters ofnaturally infected pigs without clinical signs were notsignificantly different (P< 0.05) fromthetiters ofbothgroups ofexperimentally infected pigs. MeanELISAtiters ofnaturally infected pigswithout clinical signs were significantly greater than themean titers ofnaturally infected pigswithclinical signs. Naturally infected pigswithclinical signs hada mean ELISAtiter that was significantly greater thanthatofnoninfected pigsandsignificantly less thanthe mean titers oftheexperimentally infected pigswithout clinical signs andthenaturally infected pigswithout clinical signs. Swinedysentery (SD)isan epidemiologically


Circular economy emphases on the resources re- used and waste materials re- resourced,the resources reused enterprises need to get the information of waste cost on cost management,but the current cost accounting method can't meet the requirements,and cost accounting method needs to be innovated. It should be calculated separately waste costs in the resources reused enterprises,and the cost of waste disposal should be added in entering the products cost as a constituent elements of products cost,also the reusable value of waste materials should be deducted from the products cost. It is necessary to set the account of waste costs in order to do the special accounting of waste materials' cost,and realizes the innovation of cost accounting method of the resources reused enterprises.


This article addresses the different levels of pricing strategies for an online knowledge market. Based on the best practice from Google Answers, an online knowledge market is modeled as a marketplace where consumers ask and researchers answer questions to make knowledge transactions. Consumers optimally price their questions to obtain answers, and a firm maintains the online knowledge market by determining the optimal price allocation to researchers. Our study identifies two types of consumers, spin-off and mainstream, based on whether additional utilities will be derived from the market. In addition, we investigate how the firm can use minimal and maximal posting prices to regulate the knowledge market.


Based on the integration of the provisions and conclusions acquired within the pedagogic science, the present
article describes the relevance of formation of the legal culture of future specialists as a factor determining their
successful legal socialization. The main functions, ways of development and structural components of the legal
socialization have been shown.
Based on the results of the diagnostic study of legal socialization, a model of formation of legal culture,
technology of formation of legal culture, criteria and tiered rates of formation of legal culture of future
specialists have been provided in the present article.


The form factors of the weak (cid:2) c → (cid:2)((cid:3)) transitions are calculated in the framework of the relativistic quark model based on the quasipotential approach. All relativistic effects including transformations of the baryon wave functions from the rest to moving reference frame and contributions of the intermediate negative energy states are systematically taken into account. The explicit analytic expressions which reliably approximate the momentum transfer q 2 dependence of the form factors in the whole accessible kinematical range are given. The calculated form factors are applied for the evaluation of the semileptonic (cid:2) c → (cid:2)(cid:4)ν (cid:4) and (cid:2) c → (cid:3)(cid:4)ν (cid:4) ( (cid:4) = e , μ ) decay rates, different asymmetry and polarization parameters within helicity formalism. The obtained results are compared with available experimental data and previous calculations.


Measurements on the viscosity of liquid carbon dioxide as a function of temperature, pressure, and density are reported and discussed. The measurements are carried out over the entire liquid range at pressures up to 200 kgf/cm2. The viscosity coefficients have been evaluated by measuring the electrical characteristics of a torsionally vibrating quartz crystal immersed in the liquid. The obtained results have been used to test the Arrhenius equation lnη = A + B / T, the Doolittle free volume equation lnη = A′ + B′ρ / (ρ0 − ρ), and the Batschinski equation ηρ−1 = Cη + D.


Abstract Situs inversus totalis is a condition in which the internal organs of the human body are transposed to opposite sides. On average, 1 in 20,000 individuals has situs inversus totalis. Situs...


As the development of automobile industry and improvement of people's requirement,energy saving,safety,environment protection become the three primary topics of automobile technology.At meantime,the improvement of laser process technology have important signification for energy saving,safety,environment protection.Laser welding depend on high density of energy,small heated effect area,high welding speed,big depth breadth ratio of seam,less distortion and so on,was widely applied in the manufacture of automobile.Recent years,as China is becoming the biggest car's factory and market of the world,laser welding which is the advanced technology was applied in primary Chinese car company gradually,but the application of laser brazing is the widest in automobile field.This text illustrate that the laser brazing was applied in the trunk lid welding,for introducing the design of laser brazing system to readers,and especially analyses the primary equipments of this system.


Few colleges and music festivals offer intensive orchestral studies programs as part of the string department curriculum, and those that do focus solely on excerpts and audition preparation. This dissertation proposes a post-graduate course to establish a comprehensive curriculum. The course utilizes two resources, Lillian Fuchs's 16 Fantasy Études and common orchestral audition excerpts. The 16week course will help students build their musicality and craftsmanship by studying selected études and standard viola audition repertoire. Each étude will address the technical and musical demands of its given excerpt, and the course will offer students suggestions as how to practice them. Aiming to foster future educators and professional orchestral violists, the author concentrates on the pedagogical and problem-solving aspects of audition preparation.


Purpose – This article aims to draw parallels between literature discussing the benefits of management consultancy and three different role types adopted by consultants to provide an effective training intervention. Design/methodology/approach – Using three case studies, it highlights the way each consulting model has been enacted by 20|20 to support its clients, all of whom are multinational businesses who invest a significant proportion of their annual budgets on industrial training. Findings – The relationship between a consultant training provider and client is critical to the success of any training intervention. Linked to this is an appreciation of the cultural differences to be found within any single client organisation. For some organisations, this difference begins with the way training itself is defined, and even whether it is a part of the wider organisational identity and communications vocabulary. Originality/value – As this article illustrates, the provision of industrial training is so muc...


SYNOPSIS: Until recently, all Foreign Private Issuers (FPIs) listed on U.S. exchanges were required to reconcile their non-U.S. GAAP financial statements with U.S. GAAP in their annual Form 20-F filing. In November 2007, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) eliminated this requirement for FPIs reporting in IFRS. We use this rule change to provide evidence on whether the U.S. GAAP reconciliation affects investors' perception of the degree of comparability between FPIs and domestic U.S. firms reporting in U.S. GAAP. To do so, we test whether the SEC's rule change reduced information transfer from IFRS-reporting FPIs to comparable U.S. firms at the FPIs' earnings announcements. Consistent with the U.S. GAAP reconciliation increasing investors' perception of comparability between FPIs and U.S. firms, we find that information transfer from IFRS-reporting FPIs to comparable U.S. firms decreased significantly after the rule change, on average. We also find evidence consistent with a decrease in comparabi...


This paper examines a method of clustering within a fully decentralized multi-agent system. Our goal is to group agents with similar objectives or data, as is done in traditional clustering. However, we add the additional constraint that agents must remain in place on a network, instead of first being collected into a centralized database. To do this we connect agents in a random network and have them search in a peer-to-peer fashion for other similar agents. We thus aim to tackle the basic clustering problem on an Internet scale and create a method by which agents themselves can be grouped, forming coalitions. In order to investigate the feasibility of a decentralized approach, this paper presents a number of simulation experiments involving agents representing two-dimensional points. A comparison between our method's clustering ability and that of the k-means clustering algorithm is presented. Generated data sets containing 2,500 to 160,000 points (agents) grouped in 25 to 1,600 clusters are examined. Results show that our decentralized agent method produces a better clustering than the centralized k-means algorithm, quickly placing 95% to 99% of points correctly. The the time required to find a clustering depends on the quality of solution required; a fairly good solution is quickly converged on, and then slowly improved. Overall, our experiments indicate that the time to find a particular quality of solution increases less than linearly with the number of agents.


The ongoing increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) leads to a global increase in temperatures and its subsequent uptake by the ocean considerably alters the carbonate chemistry of seawater, a phenomenon generally referred to as "ocean acidification". Both ocean warming and acidification occur at a pace unprecedented in recent geological history and are expected to significantly affect marine biota. In the present thesis, the sensitivity of marine ecosystems and biogeochemical cycling to increasing temperatures and CO2 was investigated in a combined approach of numerical modeling and experimental work. In a first step, the role of direct temperature effects in the response of marine ecosystems to ocean warming was investigated by simulating climate change in a global earth system model, based on emission scenarios for the 21st century. The study revealed fundamental uncertainties in our knowledge about temperature sensitivities of marine ecosystems and biogeochemical cycling. Depending on whether biological processes were assumed temperature sensitive or not, simulated marine NPP increased or decreased under projected climate change. Motivated by the outcome of this modeling study, a mesocosm experiment was carried out to specifically investigate the temperature sensitivity of biogeochemically important processes in diatom-dominated plankton communities.The results from this mesocosm study suggested a pronounced increase in carbon uptake and production of organic matter in response to elevated temperatures, which was contrary to results from similar experiments. A major difference to previous mesocosm studies was the dominant phytoplankton species, suggesting that the physiological response of this species determined the biogeochemical response of the entire plankton community. In order to test this hypothesis, culture experiments were conducted to compare the sensitivities of two globally important diatom species (Thalassiosira weissflogii and Dactyliosolen fragilissimus)to temperature and CO2.The results of these experiments revealed a pronounced effect of temperature and CO2 on carbon uptake and partitioning into particulate and dissolved organic matter, and especially the phenomenon of carbon overconsumption and the associated decoupling of carbon and nitrogen cycling. Furthermore, the experiments could show that the sensitivity of these processes to temperature and CO2 varies substantially between species, thereby confirming the hypothesis derived from the preceding mesocosm study. The findings from these various laboratory experiments were the basis for the development of a novel biogeochemical ecosystem model. Most models do not account for carbon overconsumption and dynamic stoichiometry, and sensitivities of associated processes to temperature and pCO2, as observed in these experimental studies. Consequently, a model was constructed that simulates carbon overconsumption and its sensitivity to temperature and pCO2. Application of this model may help to understand how carbon overconsumption and associated processes affect marine biogeochemical cycling. Further work investigated how the warming-induced decrease seawater viscosity under global warming might affect sinking velocity of marine particles and the carbon flux to the deep ocean. Application of a global earth system model demonstrated that this previously overlooked 'viscosity effect' could have profound impacts on marine biogeochemical cycling and oceanic carbon uptake over the next centuries to millennia. In the model experiment, the viscosity effect significantly accelerated particle sinking, thereby effectively reducing the portion of organic matter that is respired in the surface ocean and enhancing the long-term sequestration of atmospheric CO2 in the ocean. The representation of particle sinking in biogeochemical models was investigated in more detail in an additional sensitivity analysis. Results of this study demonstrated that the inherent structure of commonly used ecosystem models sets an upper limit to the flux of organic matter from the euphotic zone to the deep ocean, even under light-saturated and nutrient-replete conditions. This upper limit is determined by the functional form of the various process descriptions in the simulated ecosystem, as well as their respective parameter settings. These findings indicate that, even though such relatively simple ecosystem models may show good skill in reproducing observed current distributions of biogeochemical tracers, it is questionable whether such models can realistically simulate the sensitivity of biogeochemical cycles to environmental change. Altogether, this doctoral thesis revealed substantial sensitivities of marine carbon fluxes to increases in temperature and CO2, which should be considered when assessing the impact of climate change on marine ecosystems and feedbacks on the global carbon cycle.


To overcome some problems in seismically retrofitting of buildings, the authors use VFD as an effective device for hybrid masonry-concrete structures to meet the requirement of current earthquake-resistant codes of China. Based upon the fractional derivative model of viscoelastic damper and force-deformation-slip relation of friction element, a precise finite element model of VFD is constructed, and the method of forming element stiffness matrix and control force vector of VFD is deduced in this paper. Consequently, a time history analysis method for earthquake-excited damped hybrid masonry-concrete structures is developed.


Solid-oxide fuel cells based on doped ceria electrolytes and operating at 500 C are shown to be feasible. The operating regime of doped ceria electrolytes is discussed. It is shown that the ionic conductivity of ceria-based fuel cells is sufficiently high for operation with hydrogen fuel at low temperatures. The major challenges of fabricating a thin electrolyte by a conventional method and the development of high-performance cathodes capable of operating at 500-600 C are addressed. Cells based on thin-film ceria electrolytes also exhibited good open-circuit voltages between 0.97 and 1 V. Cathode materials with high performance have been developed from pyrochlores, perovskites, and cermets of silver and doped bismuth oxide. The advantages and disadvantages of different cathode materials are discussed. The maximum power density obtained at 500 C was 140 mW/cm2.


In microfluidic devices for chemical or biochemical analysis (μTAS) it appears promising to use electrokinetic phenomena since the ratio of surface area to volume is high and therefore interfacial phenomena are pronounced. Electrokinetic phenomena comprise a family of different effects that are all related by the presence of a so-called electrical double layer (EDL). Particularly, two electrokinetic phenomena can be used to fulfil manifold tasks required within microfluidic devices. Electroosmosis, the motion of liquids under the influence of an applied electrical field, can be used to drive liquids. Electrophoresis, the motion of (partially-) charged particles under the influence of an applied electrical field, is another electrokinetic phenomenon applicable for analysing and focusing of species. We present investigations focused on the flow/concentration field in an electrokinetic micromixer and on the performance of a micro-electrophoresis device.Copyright © 2008 by ASME


Fura-2 imaging of purinergic stimulation of non-differentiated neuronal human SH-SY5Y cells resulted in a rapid elevation in intracellular Ca 2+ ([Ca 2+ ]i) that was dependent on extracellular Ca 2+ . The rank order of agonists (200 lM) was as follows: 2¢,3¢-O-(4-benzoyl-benzoyl)-ATP (BzATP) > ATP 4– > ATP; whereas 2-(methylthio)-ATP, ADP, UTP and a,bmethylene-ATP and b,c-methylene-ATP were ineffective. The response to BzATP was inhibited by pyridoxal-phosphate-6azophenyl-2¢,4¢-disulfonic-acid (PPADS, 1 lM), 1-(N,O-bis[5isoquinolinesulfonyl]-N-methyl-L-tyrosyl)-4-phenylpiperazine (KN-62, 100 nM) and 8-(3-benzamido-4–4-methylbenzamido)naphthalene-1,3,5-trisulfonic-acid (suramin, 200 lM). The presence of a P2X7 receptor was confirmed by western blot studies using anti-P2X7 .E C 50 for BzATP was 212 ± 6 lM. BzATP > 30 lM induced an initial, transient increase in [Ca 2+ ]i


Cotton is a product of great economic importance for Brazil – the world's fourth largest producer and fifth largest exporter of this fiber. Cotton cultivation is in full expansion; the current area planted with the crop occupies 1.38 million hectares, of which 99% is in the Savanna biome. In the 2010/2011 harvest, 2.0 million tons of cotton plume were produced for the textile industry and 5.2 million tons of seed were used for oil extraction. Cotton linter is a residue from the oil production, whose use is being studied in the production of cellulose nanoparticles within the Agronano research project of Embrapa. The physical properties of nanomaterials - reduced size, varied shape and high surface area - can cause harmful effects to living organisms, requiring evaluation in relation to their potential impacts on the environment and human health. The assessments started after preparing the life cycle inventory of the agricultural cotton production phase, according to the statements of ISO standards 14040 and 14044. The production system studied employed no-tillage and was used in rotation with millet - one of the most commonly used system for the cultivation of cotton in the Brazilian Savanna. Cotton is a highly demanding crop with respect to inputs such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Cultivation carried out according to the technical recommendations for this crop employs over 43 different pesticides, including products for seed treatment, herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, growth regulators and maturation agents. The agricultural use of these products, particularly the fertilizers – which are carriers of heavy metals –, as well as their production, can generate severe impacts, mainly in the categories related to Toxicity and Eutrophication. Cotton production is the process responsible for the main emissions and impacts among all processes considered in this study. Rationalization of the use of agricultural inputs is clearly the way to reduce the environmental impact caused by cotton production. Other agricultural production systems, as also the fiber extraction and the production of nanofibers, will be assessed following the conclusion of this work.


Depending on the method of documentary,ratio analysis,etc,the paper conducts a quantitative and qualitative research on the comparative advantages of sports venue service outsourcing and analyzes the present application situation of domestic and international sports service outsourcing.Ratio analysis in finance is adopted to conduct a comparative analysis of the average financial data between W sports center and Hubei,Zhejiang,Shanghai and other 15 provinces,finding that the financial operation performance of W sports center is superior to that of Hubei,Zhejiang,Shanghai and other 15 provinces.The paper thus concludes that sports venue service outsourcing can help to improve operational efficiency,reduce operating costs,promote management standardization and streamline personnel.It is suggested that the government should actively promote service outsourcing model in the application of venue operation.Venue management should change their business philosophy,improve the understanding of the service outsourcing,pay more attention to the supervision of service outsourcing quality and introduce reasonable benchmarking administration to learn service outsourcing.


The invention discloses a loaded metallocene catalyst, comprising an inorganic carrier, a metal oxide, a metallocene compound and an auxiliary catalyst thereof. The metal oxide is added into the inorganic carrier for doping the carrier, and after being uniformly dispersed, the carrier is treated under certain temperature; the doped inorganic carrier reacts with the auxiliary catalyst and an organic solvent of the metallocene catalyst; and finally, the loaded metallocene catalyst is obtained. Since the metal compound is added for modifying the inorganic carrier, so that the space steric hindrance is reduced, so that the polymerization activity of the metallocene catalyst is obviously improved; and in the prepared catalyst, the fluidity is good and the olefin polymer with better form can beobtained.


Objective To find out whether the use of ECG modulated current(mA)will influence image quality and to decide whether the electrocardiograph(ECG)modulated mA will effectively reduce the exposure dosage.Methods The cardiac pulsating phantom was set at three speed levels,i.e.high, medium,and low speed so as to simulate different heart rates.The phantom was scanned with ECG modulated mA turned on and off,and the exposure dosage of each scan sequence was documented.The images were reeonstructed with reconstruction algorithm that matched the different levels of heart rate.CT values and their corresponding standard deviations at uniform areas on the images and the variation of the CT values at different locations were measured.The results from the two groups with and without ECG modulated mA were analyzed.Results Under the same level of heart rate,the exposure dosage was remarkably reduced when the EGG modulated mA was on than when it was off.Statistical analysis showed no significant difference(P0.05)between the images from the two groups.Conclusion When scanning the heart with volume CT(VCT),the application of ECG modulated mA can effectively reduce the exposure dosage without sacrificing the image quality.


Polyporns (Cryptoporus) volvatus Peck is a basidiomycete, the sporophores of which are found on dead or dying coniferous trees. The globose sporophores (Overholts 1953) (Fig. 1, 2) are about 1.5-8.5 cm broad by 1.0-3.5 cm thick. The margin of the sporophore forms a volva (or veil) which encloses the entire pore surface. One or rarely 2 small ventral apertures are found in the volva. In the chamber between the volva and the pore surface are found many insects (Hubbard 1892). Larvae of the tenebrionid beetle Platydema oregonense LeConte are frequently found inside the sporophore and are invariably associated with a mass of hairlike filaments. Peck (1878), in his description of P. volvatus judged the filaments to be a product of the fungus which served to hold the spore masses together. However, Hubbard (1892) suggested that the filaments may be produced by the larvae, while Leech (1947) briefly and without further elaboration referred to filaments produced by Platydema larvae infesting an unidentified sporophore on birch. Alternatively, Hubbard (1892) suggested that they could be a separate fungus growing on the larval debris.


Nida holds that translating procedure comprises three stages: analysis-transfer-restructure. By differenciating the object of analysis from the object of reference for analysis, we prove that, in most cases, the whole text is not necessarily the object of analysis. We also show that the superasentential unit, even the non-linguistic context only plays the role of reference in the process of analysis. In the translating practise we should take "the sentence as the standard level".


Visual functions deteriorate gradually during the normal aging process, including the decrease of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity to visual signals, impairments in orientation discrimination and motion direction detection abilities, as well as a reduction of binocular summation, information processing, wavelength sensitivity and visual field sensitivity. Some impairments of visual functions in the aged may result from optical media abnormity, while others may be chiefly attributed to age-dependent neuronal morphological modifications and/or a neurotransmitter system imbalance in the visual processing pathway, especially in the primary visual cortex or even the higher cortical loci. This review will focus on recent findings regarding alterations of visual functions during the normal aging process and the possible neural mechanisms underlying these changes.


In the United States, several studies have looked at the association between automobile ownership and sociodemographic factors and built environment qualities, but few have looked at household travel characteristics. Their interactions and nonlinear linkages are frequently overlooked in existing studies. Utilizing the 2017 US National Household Travel Survey, the authors employed an extreme gradient boosting tree model to evaluate the nonlinear and interaction impacts of household travel characteristics and built environment factors on vehicle ownership in three states of the United States (California, Missouri, and Kansas) that are different in population size. To develop these models, three main XGBT parameters, including the number of trees, maximal depth, and minimum rows, were optimized using a grid search technique. In California, the predictability of vehicle ownership was driven by household travel characteristics (cumulative importance: 0.62). Predictions for vehicle ownership in Missouri and Kansas were dominantly influenced by sociodemographic factors (cumulative importance: 0.53 and 0.55, respectively). In all states, the authors found that the number of drivers in a household plays a vital role in the vehicle ownership decisions of households. Regarding the built environment attributes, deficiencies in cycling infrastructure were the most prominent attribute in predicting household vehicle ownership in California. This variable, however, has threshold connections with vehicle ownership, but the magnitude of these relationships is small. The outcomes imply that improving the condition of cycling infrastructure will help reduce the number of vehicles. In addition, incentives that encourage the households' drivers not to buy new vehicles are helpful. The outcomes of this study might aid policymakers in developing policies that encourage sustainable vehicle ownership in the United States.


In order to reduce the navigation effort for tool selections, a tool prompter is proposed which maintains a working set and offers a small number of corresponding tools which can be perceived at a glance. The presentation is continuously being adapted on the basis of an application model and a user model, The chosen approach allows for a wide range of optional user involvement into the adaptation mechanisms. A prototype of the tool prompter has been implemented.


Mitigating traffic congestion and reducing transportation emissions are among the leading goals of local, regional, national and international planning and transportation agencies. Current strategies include supporting: (1) mixed land-use and transit-oriented developments, (2) multimodal transportation systems, and (3) design of active-transportation friendly environments. While these approaches can successfully contribute to the reduction of transportation related GHG and air pollutions emissions, additional innovative opportunities exist. The primary objective of this research is to identify and develop individual-specific commute incentives to optimize business commute footprints. To perform such work a geographical information system (GIS) model was developed and integrated with an optimization model to measure and quantify business commute factors and identify individual-specific commute incentives that can lead to the minimization of business commute footprints. The GIS model outputs include trip attributes (e.g. travel time, travel cost, greenhouse gas emission, and air pollution emissions) associated with every commuting mode from the traveler's origin to the traveler's destination. The optimization model uses such data to implement a single-objective function that optimizes travel times, travel costs, emissions, individual-specific commute incentives that target the commute departure time, travel mode (e.g. carpooling, transit, and active transportation) and route choice. To demonstrate the capabilities of the resulting Business+ Commute Optimization System (BCOS), pilot data using student commuters was collected and analyzed. Preliminary results for such a community suggest that GHG emission and air pollution could be reduced by 24% given a 15 minute commute-duration tolerance or that such emissions could be completely eliminated if a 40 minute commute-duration tolerance were permissible. Such results serve as a proof-of-concept for BCOS and highlight the effectiveness of such a new and innovative strategy for minimizing transportation related business emissions and traffic congestion.


To improve the positioning accuracy of a certain type of bridge gantry machining center, a positioning error compensation method based on support vector regression (SVR) is presented. After analyzing the influence of training data sets distribution, and pointing out that SVR may have a substandard performance when the training data are distributed sparsely at neighborhood of outliers or distributed in a small range, a training data sets constructing criterion is proposed. SVR is employed in position error compensation of a bridge gantry machining center to establish the model of the positioning error, actual positioning error compensation effects shows that the positioning accuracy and compensation operating efficiency are improved effectively.


In non-trivial software development projects planning and allocation of resources is an important and difficult task. Estimation of work time to fix a bug is commonly used to support this process. This research explores the viability of using data mining tools to predict the time to fix a bug given only the basic information known at the beginning of a bug's lifetime. To address this question, a historical portion of the Eclipse Bugzilla database is used for modeling and predicting bug lifetimes. A bug history transformation process is described and several data mining models are built and tested. Interesting behaviours derived from the models are documented. The models can correctly predict up to 34.9% of the bugs into a discretized log scaled lifetime class.


Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a key cytokine in inflammatory rheumatic diseases but is also implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS) where TNFα is elevated in demyelinating plaques. However, TNFα inhibitors (TNFi) have opposite effects: they have revolutionised the treatment of chronic rheumatic diseases but may cause flares of MS.1 Several studies have suggested an association between TNFi use and occurrence of demyelinating disorders.2 3 Their incidence is estimated up to 4% after 18 months of treatment in a recent prospective study with systematic neurological examination before and after treatment initiation.4

In addition, two TNF receptor superfamily 1 ( TNFRSF1A ) single nucleotide polymorphisms, (SNPs) rs1800693 and rs4149584 (TNFRSF1A R92Q), have been shown to increase the risk of developing MS.5 The rs1800693*G allele leads to a dysfunctional TNFα soluble receptor that inhibits TNFα signalling.6 Rare variants of TNFRSF1A locus have also been implicated …


Abstract This study investigates the intertemporal manufacturing policy of a firm faced with dynamic demand conditions and experience effects in production. We consider a demand structure characterized by a Mansfield-like product diffusion process and examine two manufacturing processes: a low-volume, high-variable, low-fixed cost function, and a high-volume, low-variable, high-fixed cost function. An investment and production model that incorporates these tradeoffs is formulated and analyzed as a two-phase optimal control problem. The major findings relate to the production rate, the duration of each manufacturing phase, and the switching policies from one phase to the other. Illustrations of the methodology are provided and. discussed.


Sediment samples were collected seasonally (from winter to autumn 2012) from ten sampling sits along the sea shore of Suez Bay for the purpose of studying the distribution of actinomycetes and its relation with the physicochemical parameters. Multiple regression analysis was applied to reflect the relationship between the actinomycetes counts and the environmental factors of sediments during the different seasons. Seventeen actinomycetes isolates were selected to represent all colony morphologies observed on the starch nitrate agar plates. Pure isolates were then subjected to morphological, physiological and biochemical characterization (phenotypic characterization). Phenotypic characters were coded in a binary form of the presence/absence type. Analysis of the results by numerical techniques using the simple matching coefficient (SSM) and the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) grouped the isolates into two main clusters, cluster A (3 isolates) and cluster B (11 isolates), in addition to single clustered isolates (3 isolates). Seven out of the seventeen isolates (40% of the isolates) exhibited antimicrobial activities against different pathogenic indicators. Genotypic characterizations of the most potent isolates were performed using 16S sequence analysis, where the isolates under study were identified as Streptomyces parvus, Streptomyces griseorubens (cluster A) and Kocuria palustris (cluster B).


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When tiny semipalmated sandpipers embark on their annual odyssey from the Canadian Arctic to their winter residences in South America, they set out on one of the world's longest migrations. On the way, the tiny birds stop off at the Bay of Fundy on the Canadian east coast, where


In this study explores the traditional methods of ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) and compare it with the change of implementing ERP using Cloud Computing, Critically investigate the issues and barriers that resist the implementation of ERP within the organization and evaluate the influence of cloud computing on ERP in Small and Medium Enterprises. In this proposed work study of infrastructure cost of cloud computing with different parameters. It analyzed that cloud computing will be supportive in refining the cost, maintenance and technical competence of ERP implementations in small to medium enterprises. More companies will be served with cloud based ERP as SaaS. SMEs' will not be necessary to maintain and control the hardware and software used. SMEs are permitted to pay as they use the service, rather than making a capital investment. Trades and workflows outside of the enterprise, sourcing, procurement, supply chains, and trade finance are suitable for cloud computing. IndexTerms Cloud ERP, SaaS, Benefits of Cloud ERP, Cloud Infrastructure ________________________________________________________________________________________________________


In addition to the E2/M1 ratio of the N->$\Delta$ transition, the electromagnetic polarizabilities and spin-polarizabilities are important structure constants of the nucleon which serve as sensitive tests of chiral perturbation theory and of models of the nucleon. Recently, these quantities have been investigated experimentally at MAMI (Mainz) by high-precision Compton scattering using hydrogen and deuterium targets, where for the latter the method of quasi-free scattering has been applied.


Today methods are, in principle, used within all development of information systems. Surveys however shows that these methods are not used as the creators of the method intended, but that the developer of the system for various reasons modifies or tailor these methods, also called Method-in-Action. The purpose of this paper has been to examine through interviews what influenced the system developers use of methods and to study the course of action when they were creating a Method-in-Action to develop an information system. Some of the conclusions drawn by this survey is that use, time, size, habit, visualization and trend are issues that influences the composition of a Method-inAction. Also that developer in most cases uses one or at the most two methods during their work.


Ground motion models (GMMs) are an essential tool for seismic hazard analysis. They are used for developing predictive relationships to estimate the expected levels of seismic ground shaking through the ground motion parameters (GMPs). There is limited recorded data on the stable continental regions (SCR) such as Peninsular India (PI), and Central and North Eastern America (CENA), and GMMs are developed either by hybrid or stochastic methods. In this study, an effort has been made to develop a GMM for the PI region by compiling the recorded data from the CENA and PI regions, as well as from the Near Source Strong (NESS) data. An artificial neural network coupled with the genetic algorithm is considered to develop GMMs. So, the GMP-1 model is developed for various GMPs for both RotD50 and vertical components, while the GMP-2 model is developed for RotD50 components of peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV), and the 5% damped pseudo-spectral acceleration (PSA) for periods between 0.01 and 3 s. The developed models are valid for magnitudes between 2–7.7 Mw and 0 to 1500 km Joyner–Boore distance. In addition, a parametric study is performed with the developed models for various combinations of predictor variables, and it is noticed that both the models capture the trend and attenuation pattern observed in the recorded data for all the GMPs. Moreover, the GMP-2 model predictions agree well with the recorded data compared with the candidate GMMs developed in the NGA-EAST project. A comparison of the GMP-2 models with the recorded data in the PI region indicates the robustness and effectiveness of the developed model in providing reasonable estimates of GMPs, implying its applicability to tectonic environments similar to the CENA region.


Since the first decades of the 20th century, there has been concern that automation, including mechanization, computing, and more recently robotics and artificial intelligence (AI), will take away jobs and damage the labor market. There has also been concern that large, dominant firms will capture whatever value is created by automating technologies. In an effort to understand these issues, a wide variety of scholars have studied automation. Automation has been studied at a number of levels, including country, industry, firm, occupation, and even the occupational-task level, and by a range of disciplines, including economics, innovation, management, organizational theory, sociology, and strategy. This annotated bibliography attempts to include a range of literature that speaks to these different levels and different disciplines. It includes articles that are older, foundational pieces so readers can familiarize themselves with the major work in the area, as well as more recent articles so readers can get a sense of current research interests and opportunities. Notably, much of the recent research is focused on the effects of AI and robotics on workers, firms, and the economy. It is likely that there will be a large increase in research in this space in the coming years, especially as more data on the adoption of these technologies becomes available, and that this research will tell us much more about how these technologies are affecting our economy in the 21st century as well as inform our understanding of automation more generally.


In the winter of 1879, Mark Twain paused during a tour of Europe to compose a fantasy menu of the American dishes he missed the most. He was desperately sick of European hotel cooking, and his menu, made up of some eighty regional specialties, was a true love letter to American food: Lake Trout, from Tahoe. Hot biscuits, Southern style. Canvasback-duck, from Baltimore. Black-bass, from the Mississippi.


Objective: To retrospectively review clinical results of combined coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and other heart surgical procedures. Methods: Combined CABG and other heart surgical procedures have been done in 134 consecutive cases (144 males, 20 females, aged from 48 to 76 years with a mean age of 61. 7). Coronary angiograph shows that all patients have coronary stenosis with left main involved in 20 cases, and that 41 cases have diffused coronary artery disease. A total of 56 patients have post myocardial infarction left ventrical aneurysms, and 42 patients have valve dysfunction which need surgical correction. The percentage of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was equal to or lower than 45% in 63 patients and in 13 patients EF was less than 30%. All the patients received combined CABG under the support of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and other heart surgical procedures (Transmyocardial laser revascularization in 36, valve procedures in 42, and left ventricle aneurysm resection or plasty in 56 patients simultaneously) . Results: The mean number of grafts was 2. 46 per patient. Intra-aortic balloon pump was required in 6 cases for 11 to 54 h postoperatively. Three patients died postop-eratively with mortality rate of 2. 2% (two from low cardiac output syndrome, and one from multiple organs failure). A total of 131 patients recovered and were discharged. Conclusion: Combined CABG and other heart surgical procedures are more demanding than CABG along but can be done with acceptable morbidity and mortality if good surgical plan can be designed and all the heart abnormalities can be corrected simultaneously.


Storage and release functions of western U.S. traditional river valley irrigation systems may counteract early and rapid spring river runoff associated with climate variation. Along the Rio Grande in northern New Mexico, we instrumented a 20-km-long irrigated valley to measure water balance components from 2005 to 2007. Hydrologic processes of the system were incorporated into a system dynamics model to test scenarios of changed water use. Of river water diverted into an earthen irrigation canal system, some was consumed by crop evapotranspiration (7.4%), the rest returned to the river as surface return flow (59.3%) and shallow groundwater return flow that originated as seepage from canals (12.1%) and fields (21.2%). The modeled simulations showed that the coupled surface water irrigation system and shallow aquifer act together to store water underground and then release it to the river, effectively retransmitting river flow until later in the year. Water use conversion to nonirrigation purposes and reduced seepage from canals and fields will likely result in higher spring runoff and lower fall and winter river flow.


Key Points Question In patients with proximal anterior circulation occlusion stroke presenting in the extended window, are rates of favorable outcomes at 90 days comparable in the patients selected for thrombectomy with noncontrast computed tomography vs patients selected with computed tomography perfusion or magnetic resonance imaging? Findings In a multicenter cohort of 1604 patients in the extended window with large-vessel occlusion, patients selected by noncontrast computed tomography had comparable clinical and safety outcomes with patients selected by computed tomography perfusion or magnetic resonance imaging. Meaning These findings suggest noncontrast computed tomography alone may be used as an alternative to advanced imaging in selecting patients with late-presenting large-vessel occlusion for mechanical thrombectomy.


Java RMI is an ideal solution of distributed computing.Its aim is to make sure that the applications of any node on the network can invoke pellucidly the remote objects existing on the network.However,Java RMI by default does not support authenticated and en-crypted transport,and hidden troubles exist in its security policy.The concept of RMI,and a solution towards securing RMI are offered to support authenticated and encrypted transport by running RMI with SSL.In the end,SSL/RMI is proofed to be feasible by designing an example.


Manufacturers of rigid polyurethane foam in the U.S. have a little more than four years to find new blowing agents to replace their current product of choice, hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC>l4lb (CH 3 CFCl 2 . However, while the pressure to act is mounting, no clear replacement has emerged. Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)-245fa (C 3 H 3 F 5 ), once poised as the leading candidate to replace HCFC-l4lb, seems like less of a sure thing today. Other products are being tested, but none offers all the benefits of 141b. HCFC-l4lb itself is a replacement for CFC-11 (CFCI 3 ), long used to blow polyurethane into rigid insulation boards and the inner lining of refrigerators and freezers. U.S. CFC-11 production was phased out at the end of 1995, but foam makers found a virtually drop-in substitute in 141b. Further smoothing the transition was that CFC-11 producers such as AlliedSignal, LaRoche Industries, and Elf Atochem were able to convert existing plants to make 14lb at a considerable savings over grassroots construction....


The interplay among the effects of dispersion, nonlinearity and gain/loss in optical fibres is a powerful tool to generate a broad range of pulse shapes with tuneable properties. Here we propose a method to optimise the systems parameters for a given pulse target. By reducing the system complexity and applying machine-learning strategies, we show that it is possible to efficiently identify the sets of parameters of interest. Two configurations are numerically investigated: pulse shaping in a passive normally dispersive fibre and pulse generation in a dual-pump nonlinear-amplifying-loop-mirror mode-locked fibre laser.


Based on research of the traditional phase-shifting profilometry (PSP) method, a tilted measurement system is proposed. The proposed technology makes three constraints of the traditional phase-shifting profilometry measurement system less constrains. The exit pupil of the projecting system and the entrance pupil of the CCD imaging system are not horizontal and not placed at equal height. The optical axis in the CCD imaging system is not necessarily perpendicular with a specific tilting angle to the reference plane. The optical axises of the CCD imaging system and projecting system are not coplanar. The two axises do not intersect with each other. Compared to the traditional phase-shifting profilometry the proposed method offers a flexible way to calculate height distribution.


The study aims to investigate the impact of the positive thinking on the students. A group of university students have been investigated by asking them seven questions in two different events. 21 days was the time between these two events. In order to record any impact that positive thinking can made, the students have been asked to train themselves to behave positively by saying "I am thinking positively" during these 21 days. The author noticed that positive thinking can lead to a better way of thinking in students' life.


In order to increase the efficiency of the hot set machine,introduction is made to the varieties and the features of the fiber laying mechanism in the after-process of the synthetical fiber production.Through the comparative analysis of the varieties of the laying mechanism including the swing laying,T-shape laying,inversed cylinder laying,a new chemical fiber sprayer is introduced.Hilight is given to the structure,transmission mode,design of the main parts,and selection of the motor for the chemical fiber sprayer.Conclusion is made that the swing oil sprayer is of uniform fiber laying and oil spraying,easy regulation,smooth operation in addtion to good synchronization with the processes upstream and downstream.The fiber tow through the chemical fiber sprayer is of quick drying,consequent catering the market demand.


The effect of slow light on nonlinear effects in photonic crystal and increased induced phase shift produced by lower group velocities is used to decrease the size and power requirements needed to operate optical switches


The correct classification of a logs assortment is crucial for the economic output within a fully mechanized timber harvest. This task is especially for unexperienced but also for professional machine operators mentally demanding. This paper presents a method towards an assistance system for machine operators for an automated log quality and assortment estimation. Therefore, machine vision methods for object detection are combined with machine learning approaches for estimating the logs weight based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). categorisation into a specific assortment is done. By comparing the theoretical weight of a healthy log of such dimensions to the real weight estimated by the CNN-based crane scale, quality reducing properties such as beetle infestation or red rod can be detected. In such cases, the assistance system displays a visual warning to the operator to check the loaded log.


Prof. Sape J. Mullender received his Ph.D. from the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam and was a faculty member there until 1983. From 1984 to 1990 he has been the head of the distributed systems and computer networks research group at the Centre of Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI) in Amsterdam. Since 1990 he is chairman of the systems programming and architecture department in the Faculty of Computer Science of the University of Twente in the Netherlands, where he leads the Huygens research project on fault-tolerance, real time and multimedia in distributed systems. Sape J. Mullender is particularly interested in high-performance distributed computing and the design of scalable fault-tolerant services. He is also concerned about organization and protection in distributed systems that can span a continent.


Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a disease affecting millions of people worldwide and causing the expenditure of millions of euros every year for health care. One of the most promising therapies derives from the use of an artificial pancreas, based on a control system able to maintain the normoglycaemia in the subject affected by diabetes. A dynamic simulation model of the glucose-insulin system can be useful in several circumstances for diabetes care, including testing of glucose sensors, insulin infusion algorithms, and decision support systems for diabetes. This paper considers the problem of the identification of single individual parameters in detailed dynamic models of glucose homeostasis. Optimal model-based design of experiment techniques are used to design a set of clinical tests that allow the model parameters to be estimated in a statistically sound way, while meeting constraints related to safety of the subject and ease of implementation. The model with the estimated set of parameters represents a specific subject and can thus be used for customized diabetes care solutions. Simulated results demonstrate how such an approach can improve the effectiveness of clinical tests and serve as a tool to devise safer and more efficient clinical protocols, thus providing a contribution to the development of an artificial pancreas.


148 Background: The aim of this project was to develop an understanding of how patients conceptualize the term "outcomes" as it relates to their cancer experience and to determine patient preference for receiving and using outcomes-related information. When asked to rank cancer outcomes, most health care professionals suggest survival is the most significant outcome metric. We sought to determine if patients felt the same way.

METHODS
Focus group methodology was used in cancer patients with one of five major disease sites: breast, colon, lung, prostate, and head and neck. Participants were diverse with respect to age, ethnicity, income level, education level, and gender. Participants received semi-structured questions intended to elicit the patient's personal conceptualization and use of outcomes information during their cancer continuum.

RESULTS
Patients identified a range of phenomena as their preferred definition of outcome and were sometimes confused by the term. Participants reported finding it difficult to interpret survival data without a basis for comparison or medical knowledge. Results of the focus groups will be presented and will address the wide variety of outcome definitions defined by patient participants.

CONCLUSIONS
We found a large disconnect between what providers consider important and what patients consider important. We are continuing to evaluate patient perceptions of outcomes information by conducting further focus groups, and these qualitative findings will be used to develop a rigorous survey tool that can be administered to a greater number and wider variety of patients. Ultimately, the finding from these focus groups will allow for the creation of useful tools that educate patients and empower them to be full partners in their care.


Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) was fed to the larvae of the melon fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae) at various concentrations by incorporation into the artificial diet. It caused a significant dose-dependent increase in the larval period and total development period of second instars. Both pupation and emergence reduced in the feeding treatment with the SBTI and the LC 50 value was 74.21 ppm. The pupal weight got reduced when the larvae were treated with LC 40 (50.52 ppm) concentration of the SBTI. SBTI inhibited trypsin activity in vitro but when the inhibitor was fed to the second instar larvae at LC 40 (adlibitum feeding in artificial diet) for three time intervals i.e. 24, 48 and 72 h, the activity of two endoproteases (chymotrypsin and elastase) and one exoprotease (leucine aminopeptidase) increased significantly as compared to control whereas the activity of trypsin declined significantly. The activity of some other enzymes (GST, esterase and catalase) involved in detoxification or xenobiotic metabolism got suppressed significantly in comparison to control however, the activity of phosphatases increased with the treatment. These indicate that SBTI interfered in the vital physiological processes in B. cucurbitae and may be effective in its control.


s the hotel industry grows into a more technologyoriented industry, the need to understand and adopt eprocurement practices becomes more important. This research explores the adoption of e-procurement by the hotels in the Kumasi metropolis, focusing more on hoteliers' perception of the concept of e-procurement and its importance to the hotel industry. The data was collected through survey from eleven selected hotels in Kumasi Metropolis. Results indicated that hoteliers are using e-procurement but not with the internet but through telephone. Benefits derived from the implementation of e-procurement are quality of goods and services, saving time and cost. However some costs which include buying and fixing of technical equipments, consultation fees for service providers, training of existing staff and recruitment of new staff will incur incorporating e-procurement. It was recommended that hoteliers need to ensure the needed systems and tools are in place for the operationalization of eprocurement.


His stated intent is to unravel the tangled skein of contradictory interpretations on the real scope and purpose of the Free Officers' seizure of power. Did Gamal Abdel Nasser and his companions have any idea of what they proposed to do after having toppled the monarchy in the name of the people? Did the conspirators simply intend to purge the old-style Wafdists and other corrupt politicians, restore the 1923 constitution, and then, having performed their patriotic duty by steering the country back to civilian rule, withdraw to barracks to popular acclaim? Joel Gordon's shrewd and perceptive analysis proposes some tentative answers to many of these questions. His book covers the immediate sequel to a military putsch masterminded by Nasser, and by Nasser alone, concentrating for the most part on its political and social ramifications until the end of 1954, when Nasser finally succeeded in eliminating all his rivals to emerge as the virtual dictator of Egypt. Gordon shows that the major threat to the officers' supremacy came not so much from the machinations of the Wafdists and other vestigial remnants of the old regime, nor from the personal ambitions and intrigues of General Muhammad Neguib, that benign pipe-smoking figurehead who was easily cast aside at the opportune moment, but from two competing factions with strong views as to how to rebuild Egypt, both of which ultimately failed to win the military to their side. These were the Muslim Brotherhood, representing the traditional Islamic challenge from the right, and, from the left, a loose and more amorphous coalition of radicals and Marxists brought together under the aegis of the Democratic Movement of National Liberation. Unlike his counterparts in Syria or Iraq, however, Nasser proved to be strong enough to reject any inducement to become the mere instrument of rival ideologies. Nor did he have the slightest intention of promoting the interests of the old liberal intelligentsia, anxious to use the army to implement the much needed land reform before restoring the country to civilian rule.


The utility model relates to the technical field of medical appliances, which is a frame used for draining pancreatic juice and expanding pancreatic duct stricture. The frame formed by a tubular frame (1) woven by super-elastic fine alloy wire and an outer membrane fixed on the surface of the frame is characterized in that the section of the frame takes the shape of 3 to 6 arc concave convexes and the longitudinal direction of the tube body is provided with 3 to 6 grooves (2). By putting the frame in the pancreatic duct, the pancreatic duct stricture is continuously expanded; as the grooves of the frame lead the space leaves between the outer wall of the frame and the inner wall surface of the pancreatic duct, so the tube orifices of the branch pancreatic ducts are not easily blocked and the grooves can drain the pancreatic juice of the branch pancreatic ducts.


Many techniques have been described in the literature for generating spot arrays from a single input beam. When such a device is used for image replication (IR), the finite field of view unavoidably introduces optical aberrations that reduce the fidelity of the replicated images. Fourier array generators offer a low-cost and flexible method of image replication with lower optical aberrations than other methods and aberrations that are sufficiently low for replication of extended images. Using multicriteria optimization, two-dimensional Fourier array generator-based optical systems can be designed with high diffraction efficiency and near-diffraction-limited imaging performance across an extended field of view.


The logical framework LF [HHP93] offers concise encodings of deductive systems and their meta-theory. Twelf [SP98] is a realization of LF. It provides a higher-order logic programming language for the implementation of deductive systems as well as a higher-order inductive theorem prover to automatically prove properties about these systems. The inductive theorem prover has been used successfully to prove several challenging theorems like cut-admissibility of intuitionistic logic and the Church-Rosser theorem. Under the proofs-asprograms paradigm the application of the induction hypothesis (IH) in a proof corresponds to the recursive call in a program. To check that the IH application is valid, we need to show that the induction hypothesis is smaller than the induction conclusion according to a well-founded order. This corresponds to proving that the arguments in the recursive call decrease according to a well-founded order, i.e., a program terminates. Twelf uses a termination checker based on structural ordering [RP96] to check termination of programs and to generate valid induction hypotheses according to a given order. We are interested in extending the power of the induction component to enable complete induction or so called course-of-value ind. Complete induction plays an important role in proofs about sequences of computation. These proofs follow by induction on the structure of the computation sequence. Often we do not only want to apply the induction hypothesis to immediate subsequences, but to all smaller subsequences. In general, we also want to be able to apply the induction hypothesis to the outcome of a previous IH application. This can be done by first showing that the computation sequence resulting from the IH application is smaller than the sequence we applied the IH to. Then we verify that each IH application itself is valid, i.e. the sequence we apply the IH to is smaller than the original sequence. To show that a subcomputation is smaller than the original sequence of computation we need to reason about orders relating subsequences. In this paper, we present a reduction and termination checker which reasons about orders. The reduction checker verifies properties relating input and out-


Background: Guidelines for assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of ADHD have been drawn from research focused primarily on Caucasian males generating, in part, the need to redress health disparities. Diagnostic criteria may therefore be limited, especially regarding gender differences and other associated cultural, familial, socio-environmental, and individual influences. Objective: To examine how one woman with ADHD managed social, academic, interpersonal, and familial roles and to discuss the need for culturally proficient practice and treatment frameworks that are gender-sensitive to diagnosis and treatment. Method: A case example of a 29-year-old Hispanic woman. Findings: There is a gap in early diagnosis and treatment for some woman and individuals from ethnic minority and diverse groups. Conclusion: Cultural competence in practice and research are critical to mitigate the disparities in accurate and timely diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD among the American population. (J. of Att. Dis. 2010; 13(4) 424-432)


This research is a mass communication entitled "NEWS OF CRIMINAL AND ATTENTION PARENTS (Crime News Presentation Effects in Pos Metro Metro Parents Against Attention in Children in the village of Bandar Sei Tuan Klippa Kecataman Percut Deli Serdang)". The problem in this study is whether the effect of the presentation of crime news in Medan Post Metro Parents Against Attention in Children in the Village District Klippa Percut Bandar Sei Tuan Kabupaten Deli Serdang. The purpose of this study is how the presentation of crime news in Medan Post Metro Parents Against Attention in Children in the Village District Klippa Percut Bandar Sei Tuan Kabupaten Deli Serdang. This research was conducted with the population of 12 neighborhood take 6 environment with the proposed population is 835 people.


With the global outbreak of COVID-19, the panic-buying incidents triggered by the variants of the Omicron strain have severely affected the normal social order. This paper considers the complex interest game and interactive relationship among multiple subjects in the mass-panic buying event caused by rumors and constructs a three-party evolution game model of local government, rumor-monger, and public. The strategy-selection process of each subject based on evolutionary game theory is studied, and the strategy selection of three game subjects in different situations and related influencing factors are analyzed. Taking the example of the montmorillonite powder panic buying caused by the XBB virus strain rumor in China, the evolutionary game model constructed in this study is simulated and analyzed. The study shows that the evolutionary process of the mass panic-buying event is characterized by six stages: the initial stage; the outbreak stage; the spread stage; the climax stage; the relief stage; and the recovery stage. There are four stable points in the evolutionary game of the three game subjects, namely (no intervention, no rumor, no panic buying), (no intervention, rumor, no panic buying), (intervention, no rumor, no panic buying), and (intervention, rumor, no panic buying). The strategy of government intervention will be adjusted according to the strategy selection of the public and the rumor-monger. Under the mechanism of reward and punishment of the higher-level government, increasing the punishment and reward intensity of the higher-level government will promote the local government to intervene in the rumor-mongering event faster, but increasing the reward intensity has a more significant impact on the intervention behavior of the local government than punishment, and increasing punishment intensity has a more significant impact on the non-rumor-mongering behavior of the rumor-monger than reward. The parameters of social risk-bearing cost, risk transmission coefficient, rumor-mongering income and cost, and public drug purchase cost have different degrees of influence on the evolutionary behavior of game subjects. Therefore, this study provides new ideas for effectively responding to mass panic buying events in the context of public emergencies.


Mass production of entomophagous insects and mites is necessary for the practical use of biological method of plant protection in agriculture. For many insects, breeding is carried out at the level of industrial technology with the appropriate equipment. The main purpose of the research was to improve the technical and economic performance of equipment in the production of entomophagous insects and their hosts by optimizing equipment design and technocenosis management techniques. In laboratory experiments with using the planning of multifactor experiments, the parameters of cages for breeding were determined optimally. On this basis, sets of equipment for the trichogram, brakon, lacewort and phytoseulatus have been developed. The specific productivity of new equipment provides the necessary profitability of production.


The present invention relates to a nonwoven material composed of a mixture containing continuous filaments and short fibers due to entanglement of the fibers and filaments, the continuous filaments is substantially mechanically bonded to each other. According to the present invention, the continuous filaments in the material have a projected coverage of at least 1.1 and not more than 1.7. The present invention further relates to a method of producing such a nonwoven material.


In Germany, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) infections mainly occur in southern regions. Despite recent increases in incidence, TBE vaccination coverage remains low, necessitating additional preventive strategies against TBE. Our case-control study in Southern Germany from 2018 to 2020 mapped knowledge/application of tick-protective strategies and identified TBE risk factors. We calculated odds ratios (OR), with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We interviewed 581 cases and 975 matched controls. Most participants recalled lifetime tick bites, mainly while walking, gardening, or hiking. However, only 45% of cases noticed ticks during exposure time; another 12% reported unpasteurized milk intake. While tick-protection knowledge was satisfactory, application lagged behind. Risk factors included dog ownership (OR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.85–3.24), walks ≥ 4×/week (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.42–3.12), gardening ≥ 4×/week (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.11–3.02), and garden proximity < 250 m of forests (OR = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.82–3.56). Applying ≥2 tick-protective strategies (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.40–0.68) and keeping lawns mowed (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.43–0.91) were inversely associated with TBE. In 2020 (likely pandemic-related), cases reported significantly more walks than previously, potentially explaining the record high case numbers. Our findings provide guidance on targets for TBE prevention. Persons with gardens near forests, frequent outdoor activities, or dogs could particularly benefit from targeted information, including on vaccination and preventing tick bites.


One way of achieving sustained increase in food production in developing countries is to ensure efficient utilisation of scarce agricultural resources. The present study examined farm-specific technical efficiency of smallholder rice farmers in the Upper East region of Ghana. Data were collected from a random sample of 440 smallholder rice farmers (220 irrigators and 220 non-irrigators), which comprised of 306 male farmers and 134 female rice farmers. Farm-specific technical efficiency was calculated using a transcendental logarithmic (translog) stochastic production frontier function and estimated by the maximum likelihood estimation method.  The results showed that smallholder rice farmers are technically inefficient because they produce, on average, at 34% below maximum output.  There is significant difference between mean technical efficiency for irrigators (48%) and non-irrigators (45%) as well as male (58%) and female (34%) farmers. Credit availability, family size and non-farm employment significantly determine technical efficiency of smallholders. A programme to accelerate provision of education and credit is needed in order to improve technical efficiency of rice farmers. The right kind, quantity and timely provision of credit should be emphasized. Lastly, the maintenance of existing irrigation projects and the provision of community-managed smallholder irrigation projects and rural infrastructure should be emphasized. Key words: Technical efficiency, smallholder farms, gender, Upper East Region of Ghana.


With the publication of nearly 38,000 calculated x-ray diffraction patterns in its new CD-ROM, the ICDD has provided users with a wealth of RIR values (i.e., reference intensity ratio values, also signified by Ill,, where c refers to corundum, the standard used currently)'. Compared to previous CDs, this new one will provide nearly ten times as many RIR values. In the past, quantitative calculations using RIRs were often frustrated by one or more missing values among the several phases in a mixture subjected to x-ray diffraction analysis. That is no longer much of an issue. But some new problems emerge. Do I believe these new RIR numbereall of them? Can I use calculated values to represent my real materials, especially when I know I may be dealing with possible solid solutions? What value among the several in the new database should I use? What should I do when I'm still missing an RIR for a phase? How good are quantitative calculations using these RIRs anyway? Should the RIR definition, based primarily on experimental considerations, be fine-tuned now that calculated RIR values dominate? Here we present simple expressions to enable checking or estimating RIR values without need for structures.


AbstractThe equivalence of two optimality principles leading to Murray's lawhas been discussed. The first approach is based on minimization of bio-logical work needed for maintaining the blood flow through the vessels atrequired level. The second one is the principle of minimal drag and lumenvolume. Characteristic features of these principles are considered.An alternative approach leading to Murray's law has been proposed.For that we model the microcirculatory bed in terms of delivering vascularnetwork with symmetrical bifurcation nodes, embedded uniformly intothe cellular tissue. It was shown that Murray's law can be regarded as adirect consequence of the organism capacity for controlling the blood flowredistribution over the microcirculatory beds. 1 Introduction The great amount of natural systems have highly branching networks. As aevident example of such systems we may regard living tissue where blood sup-plies the cellular tissue with oxygen, nutritious products, etc. through branch-ing vascular network and at the same time withdraws products resulting fromliving activities of the cellular tissue. A similar situation takes place in respi-ratory systems where oxygen reaches small vessels (capillaries) going throughthe hierarchical system of bronchial tubes. There is a question of what physicalprinciples govern network organization living systems under consideration. Inthis paper we focus our attention on the analyzes of different known optimalprinciples of network formation for microcirculatory bed and developing newapproach to this problem.1


Emerged evidence demonstrates that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may play quintessential regulatory roles in the cellular processes, tumourigenesis and the development of disease. Though focally amplified lncRNA on chromosome 1 (FAL1) has been identified to have crucial functions in many diseases, its biological mechanism in the development of Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) still remains unknown.


One of the reasons why the area of language and emotion attracts many of us lies in the continuing endeavor – whether implicitly or explicitly conducted – to overcome our own persistent assumptions concerning such dichotomies as nature vs. culture, individuality vs. society, and emotion vs. cognition. In other words, our focus on language and its constitutive role in the creation of what seems to be so "natural" and "individual" has led to the deconstruction of our own epistemology, as well as contributing to our better understanding of how people's emotive meanings are situated in the midst of complex social relations and interactions. Languages of sentiment can be located within this long intellectual engagement. Although its contributors particularly explore Asian languages of sentiment, illustrated by Tamil, Bangla, Javanese, Japanese, and Tagalog cases, the aim of the book is not to essentialize "the" Asian sentiment. Instead, all the chapters try to capture the pragmatics of language and emotion that interact with global politics as well as with local social relations and interactions.


Enriching the fault identification methodology of the first paper, this second paper investigates the performance of the identification of main distribution line faults when broadband over power lines (BPL) networks are deployed. The main issue that is concerned in this paper is the impact of measurement differences on the fault identification process performance. The main contribution of this paper, which is focused on the identification of the main distribution line faults when measurement differences occur, is the application of the L1 piecewise monotonic data approximation (l1PMA) in order to cope with the measurement differences that influence the reflection coefficients derived from the extended TM2 method. Through the L1PMA application, measurement differences are confronted in order to prevent the trigger of a false alarm about the existence of a main distribution line fault. The combined operation of the extended TM2 method and L1PMA concludes the introductory phase (fault identification) of the main line fault localization methodology (MLFLM).


This article discusses Brian Chikwava's novel Harare North (2009) and its representations of unsuccessful border crossings from the perspective of cosmopolitanism. I argue that through the unnamed protagonist's inability or his own unwillingness to cross different material and symbolic borders, the novel gives articulation to the failure of such cosmopolitan ideals as openness to otherness, acknowledgement of one's own position in the world, and active engagement in transcultural encounters. Chikwava's protagonist seems to be constantly on the "wrong" side of any border that he encounters. As such, he is the unwanted abject figure on whose exclusion different normative subjectivities are constructed. By addressing the problematics of border crossings and cosmopolitan ideals in a globalized world which is increasingly interconnected but also marked by the proliferation and multiplication of borders, this article draws attention to the intertwined issues of mobility and the processes of transculturation that mobility should ideally entail. In so doing, this essay criticizes simplistic tendencies to equate cosmopolitanism with transnational mobility and reduce cosmopolitanism to a mere identity position — a feature that can be observed in current discussions concerning Afropolitanism. Chikwava's novel points at the fact that crossing boundaries and adopting cosmopolitan ethics is not always easy, nor necessarily even desired by those on the move.


In this study, the syntheses of oxygen-free graphene sheets and the method of its fixation at an oil-aqua interface were presented. The graphene sheets were prepared by exfoliation of synthetic graphite powder in an aqua-organic medium under ultrasound irradiation. N,N-Dimethyloctylamine- (DMOA-) aqua emulsion was used as the liquid medium, and pH was equal to 3. The obtained graphene nanosuspension was fractionated by sedimentation and decanted according to the weight. The graphene nanoparticle fractions, differing in configuration and number of layers, have been characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction, HRTEM, Raman spectroscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). It was found that using a DMOA-aqua mixture as the liquid medium in ultrasonic treatment of synthetic graphite leads to the formation of oxygen-free 1-2-layer graphene sheets attached to the DMOA-aqua interface. The proposed method differs from known ones by using a small amount of more environmentally friendly organic substances. It allows to obtain large quantities of oxygen-free graphene, and finally unconverted graphite can be directed for reuse. The proposed method allows to obtain both 2D graphene sheets with micron linear dimensions and 3D packages with a high content of defects. Both these species are in demand in areas related to the development of new materials with unique electrophysical properties.


Revolving credit loans allow flexibility in the renegotiation of the magnitude, the maturity, and the pricing of the loan over time. Thus, revolving credit loans allow the borrower to more precisely match the funds required for the firm's investment opportunities and to market-time by borrowing at times when financing costs are attractive. Consistent with the renegotiation flexibility provided by revolving credit loans, our empirical results show that these loans are positively valued by the market both initially and over the longer term. We conclude that revolving credit loans provide firms the financial flexibility to better match their financing and investment decisions. JEL classification: G14; G21


In Los dias de la fiebre, the Colombian writer Andres Felipe Solano recounts his experience in South Korea during the first three months of the pandemic, in 2020. From February to April, Solano describes his personal feelings, as well as his impressions regarding the changes that viral pandemic has introduced in the habits of the inhabitants of this East Asian country. Like other contemporary writers and thinkers who have written about the pandemic and the new normality that it has ushered in, Solano's narrator uses the current circumstances to reflect on the growing tension between the right to privacy and state intervention, the new challenges imposed by stricter social distancing and isolation rules, and the collapse of Korea's consumer society, and the collapse of capitalism overall. Beyond these topics, however, Los dias de la fiebre is a book in which Solano explores and erases the limits between mind, body and machines, and between living and inanimate beings underlining the risks of post-humanism and a cyborg reality . The virus's constant threat and the technology deployed to facilitate its detection and prevent its spread lead Solano to modify his self-image and to question both the autonomy and rationality on which rest many of the fantasies of modern man's domination, and the ontological hierarchies through which this subject has organized his surroundings which are now in crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Asian Journal of Latin American Studies is the property of Latin American Studies Association of Korea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)


Summary Young (1-or 2-year-old) 'Golden Delicious' apple trees on rootstock M IX were grown in containers with clay or with nutrient solution. The oxygen supply was varied by in undating the clay soil to various heights and by bubbling air through the solution or not. Shoot elongation was followed by regular measurements of the length of a number of shoots. In addition plants were harvested at regular time intervals. At each harvest dry weights of various parts of the plants and macronutrient and soluble carbohydrate content were determined. With differences between the individual ions in general min eral content decreased at unfavourable aeration conditions whereas the soluble sugar content increased.


This article is excerpted from the 1994 to 1995 autobiographical writings of Igor V. Domaradskij, Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Science and the Academy of Natural Science and Distinguished Scientist of the Russian Federation. It provides great insight into the study of microbiology in the former Soviet Union and particularly to its extensive biological weapons programs. The full version of Professor Domaradskij's memoir was privately published in Moscow in 1995; an anonymous translation has been circulating among some of the scholars, experts, and journalists interested in the topic of biological weapons in the former Soviet Union. Wendy Orent has edited the full manuscript through a continuing dialog with Professor Domaradskij.


We have found the true stoichiometry of the phase first reported as ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{0.25}$${\mathrm{Nb}}_{0.75}$${\mathrm{Se}}_{12}$, and later as Fe${\mathrm{Nb}}_{3}$${\mathrm{Se}}_{10}$, to be ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{1+x}{\mathrm{Nb}}_{3\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Se}}_{10}$, with $0.25\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}0.40$. Compounds with the Fe${\mathrm{Nb}}_{3}$${\mathrm{Se}}_{10}$ structure type are relatively rare among transition-metal selenides. We report the synthesis and temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility and resistivity of the new compounds ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{1.33}$${\mathrm{Ta}}_{0.67}$${\mathrm{Nb}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Se}}_{10}$ and ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{1\ensuremath{-}y}{\mathrm{V}}_{1+y}{\mathrm{Nb}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{10}$, with $0.0\ensuremath{\le}y\ensuremath{\le}0.5$. The magnetic susceptibility and M\"ossbauer-effect measurements on ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{1+x}{\mathrm{Nb}}_{3\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Se}}_{10}$ are dominated by the Fe-Nb disorder on the zigzag octahedral chains.


The performance of flat-tube radiators with louvered fins was numerically investigated for different tube insertion lengths. The results of numerical analysis using CFX-11 were compared with experimental results. In this study, three types of flat-tube radiators with louvered fins were considered. An experiment was conducted to validate the numerical results. Flow rate ratio (FR) and Stotal were introduced to understand the uniformity of flow distribution easily. The results of numerical analysis revealed that the heat transfer rate and pressure drop increased as the mass flow rate increased. Further, the results showed that the heat transfer rate of sample 3 with h/D = 0.5 was higher than that of the other samples. The pressure drop increased as the insertion length toward the header part increased, and the pressure drop in the case of sample 3 appeared to be the highest. The factor Stotal showed that the uniformity of the flow distribution in the case of sample 1 with h/D = 0 was higher than that in the case of the other samples.


A review of the current status of salivary gland imaging is presented. The potentials and limitations of sialography, scintigraphy, ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging are discussed so that a rational approach to their use can be adopted.


This paper is concerned with the asymptotic stability analysis for a class of neutral systems with time-delay and saturating actuators, which is further to reduce the conservatism of neutral system. Based on the model transformation and the delay-dividing approach, a new type of augmented Lyapunov functional is constructed, which has fully exploited the information on the lower bound of the delay. Then the delay-dependent conditions for asymptotic stability are derived by applying some integral inequalities and Lyapunov theory. Finally, numerical examples are provided to show that the proposed results significantly improve the allowed upper bounds of the delay size over some existing ones in the literature.


e24128Background: Oncologists' perceptions of patients' performance status (PS) and general health are key determinants of eligibility for chemotherapy and clinical trials. We sought to examine cor...


The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to examine the relationship between L2 reading and L2 listening competence on L2 developmental stages and 2) to explicate the relationship based on this study's results plus an in-depth literature review in this field. For data collection, this study employed a simulated TOEIC test, which was administered to the participants (n= 1,308) at a university. The data analysis indicated that there was a significant positive relationship (r= .549, p.<.01) between L2 listening and L2 reading competence. However, the relationship between the two competences on L2 developmental stages were negative. More interestingly, the relationships between L2 proficiency and L2 listening competence were consistent on developmental stages whereas the relationships between L2 proficiency and L2 reading competence were fluctuating. It seemed true that 'intralingual transfer' from L2 literacy to L2 orality could be far more complicated than expected. Based on the findings, this study discussed theories and perspectives as an attempt to explicate the nature of the relationship between the two competences. Eventually, this study concluded with some implications for English education.


Many-body atomistic potentials, of the Murrell–Mottram (MM) type, obtained by fitting properties of solid phases of calcium and strontium [J. E. Hearn, R. L. Johnston, S. Leoni, and J. N. Murrell, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 92, 425 (1996)], have been used to study the structures, stabilities, and growth modes of Ca and Sr clusters. Full structure optimization on small clusters (2–20 atoms) leads to structures involving the fusion of tetrahedral units, and predicts icosahedral cluster growth. Radial relaxation studies on icosahedral, truncated decahedral, cuboctahedral, and rhombic dodecahedral geometric shell clusters, lead to the prediction that icosahedral structures are preferred until around 32 000 (Ca) and 128 000 (Sr), whereupon the fcc-like cuboctahedral clusters become preferred. These results are consistent with experimental findings. A detailed analysis has been performed of the binding energies and radial expansion factors of each set of symmetry equivalent atoms (subshell). As for Lennard–Jo...


Earlier computational and bioinformatics analysis of several large protein datasets across 28 species showed that proteins involved in regulation and execution of programmed cell death (PCD) possess substantial amounts of intrinsic disorder. Based on the comprehensive analysis of these datasets by a wide array of modern bioinformatics tools it was concluded that disordered regions of PCD-related proteins are involved in a multitude of biological functions and interactions with various partners, possess numerous posttranslational modification sites, and have specific evolutionary patterns (Peng et al . 2013). This study extends our previous work by providing information on the intrinsic disorder status of some of the major players of the three major PCD pathways: apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis. We also present a detailed description of the disorder status and interactomes of selected proteins that are involved in the p53-mediated apoptotic signaling pathways. This paper by Uversky et al. describes the proteins involved in programmed cell death pathways (apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis). Overall it is an interesting paper deserving of publication and contains very exciting illustrative material. The authors have performed a study with a particular accent on the intrinsic disordered status of these proteins. To predict the status of disordered residues, the authors used two programs: PONDR FIT and PONDR® VLXT. It should be noted that there are now programs that work with the same or better accuracy of prediction such as SPINE-D, MFDp, MD, Disopred2, IsUnstruct (version 2.02) and DISOclust (for more details see Table 5 in Lobanov, Sokolovskiy, and Galzitskaya Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics 31(10), 1034-1043, 2013). PONDR®VLXT was the least accurate at disorder prediction according to the AUC of 14 programs that were compared in Lobanov et al. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. I read this submission believe I an level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. We the of available disorder predictors is very large and many of have accuracies close to that of PONDR FIT. PONDR FIT is a metapredictor representing a consensus of artificial neural network prediction tools, which was developed


ABSTRACT
Agustina Rini. 2018. The influence the granting of Credit and micro
enterprise businesses Against Revenue Micro Small And Medium
Enterprises at PD. BPR Artha Tugu Malang This thesis was not
published. accounting Study Program Faculty of Economics
Majapahit Islamic University at Mojokerto

Lecturer I : Tatas Ridho Nugroho, S.Pd., M.Pd.
Lecture II : Nurdiana Fitri Isnaini, SE., MM

Micro Small And Medium Enterprises have huge potential and very broad
in order to develop and improve this economy back. His role in pushing the
pace of economic growth and the absorption of the workforce is expected to be
a first step to development efforts. But the limitations of capital will restrict the
space entrepreneur in running its business as well as improving and
pendapatanya. With very limited capital ownership as well as the very difficulty
of obtaining capital from outside makes it increasingly difficult for small
merchants to develop his business and revenues. This research aims to know
the influence of granting credit and micro enterprise businesses Against
Revenue Micro Small And Medium Enterprises in PD. BPR Artha Tugu Malang.
Type of this research is quantitative research. The population in this
research is the population in this study are all the small traders into client PD.
BPR Artha Tugu Malang as much as 57 merchant. The sampling technique
used is the total sampling techniques. So great samples on this research as
much as 57 respondents. Engineering data collection using the questionnaire
by means of distributed to respondents. Technique of data analysis in research
using multiple linear regression analysis. Hypothesis testing using simultaneous
test (test F) and partial test (test t) hypothesis testing using simultaneous test
(test F) and partial test (test t) using SPSS program version 23.0. Research
results based on the validity of the Test showed that the entire instrument of
research is said to be valid and reliability.
Based on results of test of hypothesis shows that simultaneously
obtained significant levels of test results F = 0.000 < 0.05 (level of significant)
and partially independent variables data obtained (granting credit and microenterprises)
have
value
of
the
nilain
significance
can
be
expressed
so
that
0.05

<

partially the second independent variable and simultaneous effect on the
income of small traders. Based on the value of beta coefficient shows between
the two variables (the granting of microcredit and business location) the
dominant effect against small merchants revenues in PD. BPR Artha Tugu
Malang is variable location efforts.

Key words : Granting Of Credit, Businesses Against Revenue, Micro Small
And Medium Enterprises


This article is an exploration of players' understandings of games that offer moral dilemmas in order to explore player choice in tandem with game mechanics. We investigate how game structures, including the presence of choice, a game's length, and avatar presentation, push players in particular ways and also how players use those systems for their own ends. We explore how players "rehearse their ethos" through gameplay and how they are continually pushing back against the magic circle. It is based on two-dozen semi-structured interviews with players conducted in 2012. It illustrates that there are no clear-cut answers—game structures, including narratives, character designs, length, or save systems, can push players to act in certain ways that may or may not align with their own beliefs and goals.


An investigation on Returning farmland to forests was carried out, the experiences and problems were discussed. In addition, the measures were proposed.


Let Ux be the unique least squares solution of minimal norm of the linear boundary value problem Lu Au = f, where L is a selfadjoint differential operator in L2[a, b]. Working in the Sobolev space H [a, b], the alternative method is used to examine the continuous dependence of the UA on the parameter X as X --*,o, and the convergent and divergent cases are both characterized.