In this paper, we numerically demonstrate secure data transmission using "twin" semiconductor lasers in which chaotic dynamics and synchronization are achieved by electrical injection into the laser pair of a common, chaotic driving-signal, obtained by photodetection of the emission of a third chaotic laser.


Silicon Compounds with Strong Intramolecular Steric Interactions, 41. - Disilene Additions to the CN Multiple Bonds of Isoquinoline and Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide

Tetra-tert-butyldisilene (4), generated photolytically from hexa-tert-butylcyclotrisilane (3), reacts with isoquinoline in a [2 + 2] cycloaddition to give the 1,2,3-azadisiletane derivative 7, whose structure was determined by X-ray crystallography. Photolysis of 3 in the presence of dicyclohexycarbodiimide (8), however, yields the 1,2,4-azadisiletanimine derivative 10, presumably formed by rearrangement of an intermediate [2 + 2] addition product of 4 to one of the CN bonds of 8. The X-ray structure analysis of 10 reveals that the four ring atoms and the exocyclic nitrogen atom lie exactly in plane. The smallest bond angles inside the ring occur at the Si atoms.


Submitted for the MAR07 Meeting of The American Physical Society Linked cluster expansion of a qubit decoherence1 SEMION SAIKIN, University of California, San Diego, WANG YAO, University of Texas, Austin, LU SHAM, University of California, San Diego — We present a theoretical approach to study evolution of a qubit affected by a coupling with a spin bath. The procedure based on a linked cluster decomposition of system and bath dynamics. Unlike previous studies the approach allows exact evaluation of terms of each perturbative order in the exponent contributing to qubit decoherence and phase fluctuations. The procedure has a simple diagrammatic representation. We have utilized the theory to evaluate decoherence of a localized electron spin subject to an interaction with a nuclear spin bath. The novel results we report on are effects of nuclear spin clusters on electrons spin decoherence beyond pair correlation models and also control for dissipation processes in a spin environment. 1The work was supported by the NSF grant DMR-0403465 and ARO/NSA-LPS. Semion Saikin University of California, San Diego Date submitted: 25 Nov 2006 Electronic form version 1.4


A wideband and high-gain dual-polarized base station antenna based on a triangular parasitic patch is proposed in this paper. The radiator consists of two dipoles and triangular parasitic patches which are loaded under the end of the dipole arms. Also, two baluns are loaded to feed the radiator. The proposed antenna was designed, fabricated and tested. The measured results show that a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 74.42% (1.35-2.95 GHz) with a port-to-port isolation of more than 21 dB across the bandwidth, and a stable gain of $8.3\pm 0.8\text{dBi}$ are realized. The proposed antenna shows the useful characteristics of wideband and high gain which exhibits great potential in broadband base station applications.


The paper analyses the concept of hate speech and tries to define its essence and to highlight the problems of its legal regulation. Relying on the fact that the international documents related to hate speech have been signed by many countries (including Serbia), there are prominent positive tendencies towards recognizing, monitoring, and sanctioning hate speech. After providing a conceptual framework of hate speech, the paper first focuses on different legal provisions on hate speech embodied in relevant international documents. The subsequent analysis of the national legislative framework on hate speech includes relevant provisions of the Serbian Constitution, the Anti-Discrimination Act and the Serbian Criminal Code. In particular, the paper focuses on the regulation of hate speech in the media-related legislation in Serbia, including the Public Information and Media Act, the Electronic Media Act, the Public Media Services Act, and the Journalists' Code of Ethics. Finally, the author suggests that a possible solution for suppression of hate speech should be sought in its roots and a better understanding of its ethical aspects. In this respect, the role of media and self-regulatory bodies is very important.


Although the field of machine translation has witnessed huge improvements in recent years, its potentials have not been fully exploited in other interdisciplinary areas such as foreign language teaching. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to report an experiment in which this technology was employed to teach a foreign language to a group of students. This mixed-method study explores the effect of teaching editing techniques in machine translation to a group of Persian EFL university students in an academic writing course. Twenty students took part in a 4-day workshop in which one session was devoted to teaching editing techniques and three remaining sessions to the use of editing techniques, namely, correcting mistakes, removing ambiguities, simplifying structures and combining structures. Each session consisted of a pre-test, a training and a post-test. In addition, in each session, one key writing point, namely, determiners, paraphrasing and collocations were discussed. A questionnaire for candidates' demographic information and another for learning experiences were administered. The results indicated a statistically significant improvement in the overall gain score. Further analysis showed a significant improvement in the use of determiners in contrast to paraphrasing and collocations. Lack of improvement in data driven learning in paraphrasing and collocation seemed to stem from weakness in vocabulary and grammatical knowledge in both the mother tongue and the target language. Analysis of questionnaire data revealed that the instruction proved to be beneficial since it could be easily implemented in correction and confirmation.  On the whole, it can be concluded that providing the correct type of guidance and feedback on how to use machine translation will indeed have a profound effect on foreign language writing skill.


Based on a canonical framework, we investigate the critical behavior of Born-Infeld AdS black holes in higher dimensions. As a special case, considering the appropriate limit, we also analyze the critical phenomena for Reissner Nordstrom AdS black holes. The critical points are marked by the divergences in the heat capacity at constant charge. The static critical exponents associated with various thermodynamic entities are computed and shown to satisfy the thermodynamic scaling laws. These scaling laws have also been found to be compatible with the static scaling hypothesis. Furthermore, we show that the values of these exponents are universal and do not depend on the spatial dimensionality of the AdS space. We also provide a suggestive way to calculate the critical exponents associated with the spatial correlation which satisfy the scaling laws of second kind.


Objective To study the effect of pioglitazone,a rapid peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ,on cognitive function in patients with vascular cognitive impairment(VCI)due to abnoemal glucose metabolism.Methods One hundred and thirty-nine VCI patients were divided into non-dementia VCI(NDVCI)group(n=71),vascular dementia VCI(VDVCI)group(n=68).Of the 71patients in NDVCI group,35were treated with donepezil and 36were treated with donepezil+pioglitazone.Of the 68patients in VDVCI group,34were treated with memantine and 34were treated with memantine+pioglitazone.The patients were assessed according to the ADASCog scale and underwent laboratory tests of glucose metabolism before and after treatment.The patients were followed up for 1year after treatment.Results The ADAS-Cog score has positive relation with fasting plasma insulin,insulin resistance index and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)in NDVCI.The ADAS-Cog score,fasting insulin level,insulin resistance index and HbA1cwere significantly lower in patients treated with donepezil+pioglitazone and memantine+pioglitazone than in those treated with pioglitazone and memantine(P0.05,P0.01),the ADAS-Cog score was positively related with fasting plasma insulin,insulin resistance index and HbAlc in vascular dementia.Conclusion Pioglitazone can improve the cognitive function in NDVCI and VDVCI patients.Improved cognitive function is related with improved glucose metabolism in NDVCI and VDVCI patients.


Background Patients with a psychiatric disorder (PPD) are eligible to request physician assisted death (PAD) in a small but growing number of jurisdictions, including the Netherlands and Belgium. For this request to be granted, most of these jurisdictions demand that the patient is competent in her request, and that the suffering experienced is unbearable and irremediable. Especially the criterion of irremediability is challenging to establish in patients with psychiatric disorders. Aims To establish what criteria Dutch and Belgian experts agree to be essential in characterising irremediable psychiatric suffering (IPS) in the context of PAD. Method A two round Delphi procedure among psychiatrists with relevant experience. Results Thirteen consensus-criteria were established: five diagnostic and eight treatment-related criteria. Diagnostically, the participants deem a narrative description and attention to contextual and systemic elements necessary. Also, a mandatory second opinion is required. The criteria concerning treatment show that extensive biopsychosocial treatment is needed, and the suffering must be present for several years. Finally, in the case of treatment refusal, the participants agree that there are limits to the number of diagnostic procedures or treatments a patient must undergo. Conclusions Consensus was found among a Dutch and Belgian expert group on essential criteria for establishing IPS in the context of PAD. These criteria can be used in clinical decision making and can inform future procedural demands and research.


Microinsurance—low-cost health insurance based on a community, coopera- tive, or mutual and self-help arrangements—can provide financial protection for poor house- holds and improve access to health care. However, low benefit caps and a low share of pre- miums paid as benefits—both designed to keep these arrangements in business— perversely limited these schemes' ability to extend coverage, offer financial protection, and retain members. We studied three schemes in India, two of which are member-operated and one a commercial scheme, using household surveys of insured and uninsured house- holds and interviews with managers. All three enrolled poor households and raised their use of hospital services, as intended. Financial exposure was greatest, and protection was least, in the commercial scheme, which imposed the lowest caps on benefits and where in- come was the lowest. (Health Aff (Millwood). 2009;28(6):1788-98)


The study of polymer morphology continues to be the principal means of acquiring knowledge and understanding of macromolecular self-organization. Longstanding problems of the nature of melt-crystallized lamellae and spherulitic growth have been resolved, bringing understanding of how characteristic properties such as a broad melting range and spatially-varying mechanical response are inherent in spherulitic morphologies. This reflects the distinctive features of the crystallization of long molecules, i.e. that they impede each other and, for faster growth, form rough basal surfaces. Knowledge of morphology is an essential accompaniment to the informed development of advanced polymeric materials and a full understanding of their structure/property relations.


With the development of economy, electric bicycle has become a common tool for people to travel. However, the theft of electric bicycles is common, especially batteries, which are easy to be stolen. To solve the above problems, an intelligent anti-theft system for electric bicycle is designed. The system detects the vehicle state through a variety of sensors such as vibration and positioning. Under the function of the system, once the electric bicycle has vibration, displacement, battery loss and so on, the owner will be notified through the network for prevention.


Manure enriched with rock phosphate (RP) and inoculated with biodecomposer very important to improve the dry land fertility. The objective of the research was to investigate the influence of some kind of manure enriched with RP in granular form and biodecomposer inoculated on sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata) stover nutrient as local forage feed for ruminant. A field experiment of completely randomized design with 7 treatments and four replicates was conducted on vertisol soil. Level of P (RP), N (urea) and K (KCl) fertilizers was 66 kg P/ha, 200 kg N/ha, and 125 kg K/ha, respectively. All of manure application at 30 t/ha, and enriched with RP. The treatments were T0 (manure), T1 (manure+EM4), T2 (manure+starTmik), T3 (manure+stardec), T4 (manure granular+EM4), T5 (manure granular+starTmik), and T6 (manure granular+stardec). The sweet corn was harvested at 70 days after planting, the stover was cut and measured for crude protein (CP), phosphorus (P), and calcium (Ca) concentration. The result showed that the treatment significantly affected to the nutritive value of sweet corn stover. The result of DMRT showed that effect of some kind of manure enriched with RP was not significantly different on CP, P, and Ca concentration of sweet corn stover. Conclusion, manure enriched by RP with or without biodecomposer, in granular or non-granular form, resulted in similar on CP, P, and Ca concentration of sweet corn stover.


The system constitution and the network structure of Bluetooth are first introduced, the related major techniques, the hardware structure are then analyzed, and the potential applications are discussed.


The exploitation of dynamic aeroelastic phenomena for converting wind energy into lowpower electricity has received growing attention in the energy harvesting literature. The use of an aeroelastic typical section is a convenient approach to create instabilities and persistent oscillations for flow energy harvesting. In this work, a hybrid three-degree-of-freedom airfoil-based aeroelastic energy harvester that simultaneously exploits piezoelectric transduction and electromagnetic induction is analyzed based on fully coupled electroaeroelastic modeling. Both forms of coupling are added to the plunge degree of freedom in the presence of two separate electrical loads. The effects of aeroelastic parameters and load resistances on the electroaeroelastic behavior (total power generation and linear flutter speed) are discussed.


The Ducal palace at Urbino evokes political ambition and humanist ideal of the patron. Federico da Montefeltro who became lord of Urbino in 1444 took up his residence in the old palace and tumed it into princely self-portrait as well as the core of the new city of Urbino. The elaborately calibrated sequences of spaces and decoration developed under supervision of Luciano Laurana, and later, Francesco di Giorgio Martini embody the concept of the "ideal city" in the culture of early Humanism. In Renaissance Italy the city was viewed as an political organism, an effective system of govemance. Treatises on architecture in the 15th century project the ami of ideal cities based on rational and geometrical criteria, where the primary element is the central piazza surrounded by public buildings. Such a centralistic layout of a city founded on the principle of linear perspective also projects the power and the role of the signore as the center of the Italian cities. One of the most famous examples that visualize these ideas is the Urbino panel. Urbanism in the Urbino panel can be interpreted as the Platonic idea of the 'kallipolis,' where the political and social arrangements are carried out by the wisdom and good will of the ruler. The perfection of symmetria and perspectival accuracy observed in the architectural scenery suggests the character of the Utopianism of the early Renaissance culture. It also reminds us the feature of court artists working for the young ruler who came to power in the middle of the 15th century. Tutored by humanists like Vittorino da Feltre, Federico (and other young rulers) valued humanitas as well as the Art of War, and his commitment to the liberal arts became the major theme of the decoration of the ducal palace, especially the famous 'Appartamento del Duca.' These rooms are closely associated with Federico himself, and the arrangement and decoration express his public image as a kind of constitutional humanist monarch. The imagery of streets, piazzas, and magnificent palace buildings is conspicuous on the doors at major thresholds in the apartment, which echoes the perspective scenery of the Urbino panel. The entire sequence of spaces from the stair to the loggia of the west facade proceed from the more public parts through to rooms that are increasingly private, and the terminal point is the Studiolo. This is a private space for qualified guests, displaying literal and metaphorical forms of Federico's virtus; intarsia panels embellishing the walls represent diverse objects associated with the cultivation of the arts, and opening off the main space of the Studiolo, there are two small alcoves where Federico's arms are displayed on a side, and fictive space of another Studiolo on the other side. This environment is multiply coded as a microcosm of Federico which is well-balanced between arm and letter. At the same time, it implys that the city and the state of Urbino became a unitary space in which all the parts are in harmony with each other under the rule of Federico. The miniature environment of the ducal palace of Urbino is a visual statement of the ideal city in the later half of the quattrocento Italy where the reality of the dynasteia would accord with the ideal of the Platonic aristocratia.


A comprehensive study of the mechanical and chemical properties of Ni-P amorphous alloys prepared by various techniques compares the properties of conventionally electroplated amorphous alloys, which are typically quite brittle, to those prepared by a newly developed process. The process is based upon periodic-reverse current (PR) plating, which has been shown to produce electrodeposits with ductility higher, or comparable, to analogous alloys prepared by rapid solidification


The Barn Owl Tyto alba was the most common owl killed on motorways in northeastern France. The possible causes of this mortality and the age, sex and body condition of the road-killed birds in 1991–1994 have been investigated. The number of birds killed on roads was highest in the period from early autumn to late winter, i.e. during the non-breeding period, and showed a pattern similar to that of the temporal difference between sunset, which varies with day length, and peak of traffic, the occurrence of which is constant throughout the year. An autumnal mortality peak, concomitant with the post-fledging dispersal, was mainly of immature birds, especially females. A second mortality peak in late winter was composed mainly of mature birds, with an equal proportion of males and females. From autumn to winter, there was no significant change in body mass in the different age and sex categories of birds killed on roads, except for mature males which had a significantly lower body mass in winter. From early autumn to late winter, the mean body mass of immature owls killed on motorways did not differ significantly from that of captive immatures fed ad libitum. This suggests that the immature birds were in good body condition. In contrast, the body mass of road-killed mature females was significantly lower than that of captive mature females over the same time periods. In mature males in late winter, a drop in body mass in both road-killed and captive birds suggests an endogenous seasonal phenomenon. Except for mature females, Barn Owls killed on roads in 1991–1994 were in good body condition. This does not support the idea that only birds in poor body condition were killed. We conclude that the mortality of Barn Owls on motorways in autumn and winter was probably related to the concomitance between the peak of traffic and the onset of hunting activity and the large number and dispersal of immature individuals during the same period.


Introduction  Power Internet of things is an important means for power grid companies to make digital transformation and improve the level of power grid intelligence. Method  This paper introduced the general situation and architecture of power Internet of things, focused on the functional requirements and development goals of each level, and put forward the technical direction of developing power Internet of things according to the differences among comprehensive power companies, distribution network companies and power sales companies. Results  Application solutions were put forward in the fields of transmission network, distribution network, marketing and power consumption, and enterprise management. Conclusion  The scheme has been well applied in various power grid companies.


The utility model provides a micro hydraulic patient bed riser, relating to a device, which can increase and decrease the patient bed. The riser comprises an oil cylinder with an oil port, a roller, internal and external scissors, a lower roller, a chassis, a platform and a throttle, wherein, the oil port is connected with the hydraulic pump station, and the platform is arranged under the both ends of the patient bed. While in use, press the button in the soft cable end, the oil pump of the hydraulic pump station enters the oil cylinder and propels the piston to make the internal and external scissors furl upward and inward along the vertical direction, and then the patient bed rises to normal lying position. While not in use, press the button, the oil pump in the oil cylinder goes back, the patient bed and the utility model falls under self weight, the internal and external scissors furl outward and downward along the horizontal direction, the patient bed falls down to a desired height, so the riser is suitable for on-bed and off-bad actions and massage care of the patient. And the falling speed is controlled by the throttle. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, and strong applicability.


Electron beam CT is being used in many medical centers to measure the presence in coronary arteries of calcium deposits, which are believed to be a


The results obtained by applying the novel three-dimensional mathematical model proposed and developed earlier paper [1] to treat the decarburization of molten steel during the RH and RH-KTB refining in a 90 t RH degasser presented that under the conditions of the present work, the values of Rayleigh-Onsager dissipation function κ2 in the system, caused from the work done by the drag force as the bubbles passing through the liquid phase, viscous and turbulent flow, mass diffusion and chemical reaction and other non-equilibrium processes, were not large during the throughout refining, and ≤ 1.0×10-13, thus the non-linear dissipation factor qe(κ)≈1 was held everywhere in the whole flow field of the system. The entropy production and energy dissipation in the system rapidly decreased with increasing of the refining time. The C-O reaction itself played a more leading role in the entropy generation and energy dissipation in the system, and the RH refining of low and ultra-low carbon steel seemed to be close to the linear zone of the non-equilibrium state. The influence of the viscous and turbulent flow dissipation as well as diffusion processes on the non-equilibrium activity coefficients of C and O in the liquid steel could be ignored. Except in the regions (the up-snorkel zone and the bath in the vacuum vessel) where the C-O reaction took place, the non-equilibrium components of non-equilibrium activity coefficients of C and O in the steel at the other places in the degasser were all approaching to one. The non-equilibrium effects (principally, the C-O reaction itself) had a restraining on the decarburization of liquid steel in the RH refining. This model would be able to simulate more reasonably and precisely the decarburization during the RH refining of molten steel than that without considering the effects.


Objective To study the protection of total flavonoid of Herbs Epimedii (TFHE) against 1-methyl-4-pheny-ipyridinium (MPP(superscript +))-induced neurotoxicity. Methods ME523. 5 cells were cultured as routine and pretrested with TFHE for 24 h, and then co-treated with MPP(superscript +) and TFHE for 24 h. The survival of the cells was observed by MTT method. The real time RT-PCR was used to detect the gene expressions of bcl-2 and bax. Results MPP(superscript +) damaged ME523. 5 cells as a dose-dependent manner (F=18.38, P<0.001). Pretreatment with TFHE could obviously against toxic action of MPP(superscript +) (F=44.36, P<0.001). MPP(superscript +) had no significant effect on bcl-2 gene expression, but increased the gene expression of bax (F=10.92, P<0.05). Pretreatment of TFHE increased the bcl-2 gene expression (F=15.76, P<0.01) and reversed the increase of bax gene expression (F=10.92, P<0.05). Conclusion Total flavonoid of Herbs Epimedii has an antagonistic action on ME523.5 cells damage induced by MPP(superscript +), of which, the mechanism may be related to its anti-apoptosis effects.


Transmission time-of-flight measurements (TOF) for natural hafnium were performed in the energy range from 2 eV to 50 keV at the white neutron source GELINA of the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM) in Geel, Belgium. Experimental transmission data for 77 K and 300 K and for 3 different sample thicknesses are compared to theoretical transmission values. These were obtained using the code CALENDF with input from ENDF/B6.3, JENDL3.2 and JEF2.2.


Being present, February 4. 1744 - 5. when the late Right Honourable the Earl of Orford (after having taken for two Months Dr. Jurin's Lixivium) voided at once eleven pretty large nearly cubical fragments of larger stones, which were involved in coagulated blood and urine; and, a few hours after, fifteen more at once, in the same manner; in all thirty two that day; some of which were as large as were possibly passable; it hence immediately occurred to my thoughts, that all passable stones which have lately fallen from the kidneys into the bladder, or which have broken off from larger ones, might readily and easily be brought out thence, by conveying into the empty bladder, by a Catheter, some very mucilaginous substance, such as syrup of marsh-mallows, or a solution of gum arabic, or barley-water.


Sequential association rule mining is one of the possible methods to analysis of data. As conventional sequential association rule mining very often generates a huge number of association rules, of which many are redundant, it is desirable to find a solution to get rid of those unnecessary association rules, because of the complexity and temporal ordered characteristics of sequential data, current research of sequential rule mining is limited. Although several sequential association rule prediction model using either sequence constraint or temporal constraint have been proposed, none of them considered the redundancy problem in rule mining. The main purpose of this paper to propose a non redundant sequential association rule mining method proposed the Sequential Min-Max basis for concise representation of non-redundant sequential association rules.


.............................................................................................................................................. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table of Figures........................................................................................................................6 Table of Charts.............................................................................................................................7 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 8 MCP Alloys ............................................................................................................................................. 10 MCP-200 ............................................................................................................................................................. 10 MCP -150 ............................................................................................................................................................ 11 MCP -137 ............................................................................................................................................................ 11 General Description of Ionizing radiation.................................................................................. 11 Types of Radiation .............................................................................................................................. 12 1-Alpha Radiation ........................................................................................................................................... 12 2Beta Radiation ............................................................................................................................................ 14 4Neutron Radiation ..................................................................................................................................... 17 ALPHA, BETA, GAMMA, X-RAY, AND NEUTRON RADIATION ........................................................... 18 Sources of Radiation ..................................................................................................................................... 19 Health Effects from Exposure to Ionizing Radiation ............................................................... 20 Radiation Exposure ........................................................................................................................................ 20 Neutron detectors: ......................................................................................................................................... 22 Biological effects of ionizing radiation ........................................................................................ 26 1-Latent Period ................................................................................................................................................ 27 2-Period of Demonstrable Effects on Cells and Tissues .................................................................... 27 3-Recovery Period .......................................................................................................................................... 27 Determinants of Biological Effects ................................................................................................ 28 Short Term Effects .......................................................................................................................................... 28 Long Term Effects ........................................................................................................................................... 30 Justification ........................................................................................................................................... 31 Background and relevant Literature...................................................................32 Shieding limit formula .....................................................................................................36 Discussions ............................................................................................................................................ 37 Statement of the Problem................................................................................................................. 40 Significance of the Study ................................................................................................................... 41


This paper studies the definition of diagnosability and the computation method of diagnosability based on information entropy,analyzes the influence of the transformer fault diagnostic precision to transformer fault diagnosability.The result indicates that under the identical diagnostic model,the diagnostic precision needs high,the transformer fault diagnosability is low.And then the paper discusses the approach of improving the transformer fault diagnosability.


According to the National Cancer Institute (US) estimates, 1 in 8 women born today will be diagnosed with breast cancer at some time in their lives (National Cancer Institute, 2006). Of those women who undergo breast cancer surgery, almost one-third will develop upper-body lymphoedema (Vignes, Porcher, Arrault, & Dupuy, 2007). Lymphoedema is a chronic health condition characterized by the accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the subcutaneous tissues resulting in arm swelling and can significantly affect one"s physical and psychological health. It can also impact a woman"s body image and negatively affect quality of life (QOL). The diagnosis of breast cancer is in itself a significant stress to those who have been affected, and women who undergo breast cancer treatments continue to struggle with its effects long after the operation (Thomas-Maclean, 2005). The development of lymphoedema following breast cancer surgery further compounds the problems women are faced with in coping with breast cancer"s lingering effects. Although a significant body of research on lymphoedema developed over the past decade, most lymphoedema studies are quantitative in nature and focus primarily on scientific aspects of the disease, the effectiveness of treatments, and measurements of QOL (e.g., through mobility measurements) in lymphoedema patients. The literature reveals that there are still gaps in knowledge on framing the illness, communication, and effective practices to improve the QOL for individuals living with lymphoedema. This research contributes to this growing field of research through a qualitative investigation of twelve women"s reported understandings, experiences, and perceptions of lymphoedema using Brown"s (1995) theory of framing disease and illness. Investigating issues that emerge during the lymphoedema framing process provided valuable insight into women"s understandings of the illness and its management, and their experiences and perspectives on body image, support, and well-being, all of which impact QOL and health outcomes. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with women living with breast cancer-related lymphoedema in order to determine the impact of health messaging, to explore the ways in which these women made sense of conflicting messages on exercise, and to better understand how barriers to the effective adoption and integration of good management practices can be overcome.


Graphite particle/carbon fiber hybrid conductive polymer composites were fabricated by the compression molding technique. Graphite particles were mixed with an epoxy resin to impart the electrical conductivity in the composite materials. In this study, graphite reinforced conductive polymer composites with high filler loadings were manufactured to accomplish high electrical conductivity above 100S/cm. Graphite particles were the main filler to increase the electrical conductivity of composites by direct contact between graphite particles. While high filler loadings are needed to attain good electrical conductivity, the composites becomes brittle. So carbon fiber was added to compensate weakened mechanical property. With increasing the carbon fiber loading ratio, the electrical conductivity gradually decreased because non-conducting regions were generated in the carbon fiber cluster among carbon fibers, while the flexural strength increased. In the case of carbon fiber 20wt.% of the total system, the electrical conductivity decreased 27%, whereas the flexural strength increased 12%.


In this research, toggled actuator forces were examined. For achieving to this object, an actuator was installed in a toggle pattern in a S.D.O.F frame and actuator forces were investigated thru a numerical analysis process. Within past twenty years, researchers tried to use strong bracing systems as well as huge dampers to stabilize tall buildings during intensive earthquakes. Eventually, utilizing of active control systems containing actuators to counter massive excitations in structures was emerged. However, the more powerful earthquake excitations, the more robust actuators were required to be installed in the system. Subsequently, the latter process made disadvantage to the active control system due to very high price of the robust actuators as well as their large demands for electricity. Therefore, through a numerical process (Part I), influence of toggled actuator pattern was investigated. The algorithm used in the system was LQR and ATmega328 was selected as a control platform. For comparison, active tendon control system was chosen. The final results show clearly that using the toggle pattern mitigates the required actuator forces enormously leading to deploy much lighter actuators.


Liang vegetable (Gnetumgnemon) is originated in the Malay Peninsula and become the local southern vegetable of Thailand. Liang vegetables possess high nutritional value and bioactive compounds associated with antioxidant effects. This research aims to develop crispy Liang vegetable products as a functional snack food with antioxidant activity by studying drying and frying conditions suitable for the product and also analyzing the quality of the finished product. After study on the effect of maturity of leaves on the rank smell by categorizing Liang vegetables into 3 types by color, including old leaves (L* = 110.26, a* = -10.90, b* = 27.66), medium leaves (L* = 115.26, a* = -5.93, b* = 36.33). Young leaves (L* = 115.36, a* = 3.36, b* = 35.10), the result showed that the medium leaves got the highest score of smell preference, followed by old leaves and young leaves (p<0.05) respectively. Thereafter, a study on the effect of drying temperature on sensory quality was conducted. The result exhibited that at 70 oC the product obtained got the highest hedonic scores in terms of texture, color, smell, and overall liking (p<0.05). In addition, the frying temperature at 60oC was appropriated for producing crispy Liang vegetables, when the sensory evaluation including texture, color, smell, crispness, and overall liking was tested (p<0.05). The hardness of the finished product was 301.79 g when measuring with a texture analyzer. Aw and yeasts and mold of the finished product were 0.47 and 2.2 cfu/g, respectively. The crispy Liang vegetable product also possessed antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging activity, 55.06%). Therefore, the quality of crispy Liang vegetable was designated by drying and frying conditions. Additionally, the crispy Liang vegetable possessed antioxidant activity and conformed to the safety of Thailand community product standards. Thus, crispy Liang vegetable products could be served as functional vegetable-based snacks with antioxidant activity for consumer compliance.


Abstract Based on a case study of informal sector construction labour in the central Indian steel town of Bhilai, this paper explores the intersection and the mutually constitutive relationship between social class on the one hand, and gender (and more specifically sexual) relations on the other. It is part of an attempt to document and analyse a process of class differentiation within the manual labour force between aspirant middle class organized sector workers and the unorganized sector 'labour class'. With some help from the (pre-capitalist) 'culture' of their commonly work-shy men-folk, their class situation forces 'labour class' women onto construction sites where they are vulnerable to the sexual predation of supervisors, contractors and owners. That some acquiesce reinforces the widespread belief that 'labour class' women are sexually available, which in turn provides 'proof' to the labour aristocracy that they themselves are a different and better breed, superior in culture and morals. Class inequalities produce a particular configuration of gender relations; gender relations (and in particular sexual relations) produce a powerful ideological justification for class differentiation. This proposition has strong resonances with processes reported from other parts of the world; but in the Indian context and in its specific focus on sex it has not been clearly articulated and its significance for class formation has not been adequately appreciated.


The invention relates to a novel quickly drying line which comprises a front drying box body and a main drying box body, as well as a glazing operation area between the front drying box body and the main drying box body, wherein a heating system and a dewetting system are arranged above the main drying box body; a front roller, as well as a tension device and an offset adjusting device which are connected with the front roller are arranged at one end of the front drying box body, and a back roller, a motor and a variable speed transmission device are arranged at one end of the main drying box body. The drying line provided by the invention can be used for quickly drying products, as a result, the production efficiency is improved.


The original concept of food safety, serious results of food safety problems and harm of main pollutions in food were summarized. Some suggestions on solving the problems of food safety were put forward in this paper. 


This study evaluated the effects of dietary replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with two cultivars of lentil seeds (cv. Eston, green-seeded and cv. Anicia, green marbled-seeded) on performance, carcass characteristics and pH of the cecal digesta in broiler chick diets. Day old, broiler chicks (1,000; Cobb 500) were randomly allocated to the following 5 treatments, viz. a diet based on corn and SBM as control; 200 g/kg of raw lentil seeds cv. Eston (LE); 400 g/kg of LE; 200 g/kg of raw lentil seeds cv. Anicia (LA); 400 g/kg of LA. The broilers fed raw lentils had comparable BW, ADG, ADFI and FCR to the control group. The digestive organ sizes (i.e. gizzard, heart, liver, pancreas, small intestine, caecum and the small intestine) and cecal pH were not affected by feeding diets with increasing levels of raw lentil seeds. Nevertheless, the data showed that cultivar (cv. Anicia) increased (P = 0.021) small intestine weight. A significant interaction between lentil levels and cultivars was observed for pancreas weight (P=0.042). Carcass, breast, thigh weight and dressing percentage were not affected by feeding diets with lentil seeds. No significant interaction between lentil levels and cultivars was noticed for growth performance, carcass characteristics as well as pH of the cecal digesta. Based on the results, it can be concluded that lentil seeds (cv. Eston or cv. Anicia) can be used as an alternative protein source to replace SBM in broiler chicken diets, at inclusion levels up to 200 g/kg.


The threefold purpose of this study is as follows: (1) to verify whether three social capital elements inside the public agencies (structural networks, interpersonal trust, and cognitive accountability) contribute to enhancing organizational trust and social trust, (2) to test the full and partial m...


We read with interest this article giving recommendations for using TEG/Rotem technology in obstetrics. While this systematic review comments on the variability that can be found in these tests we feel it does not emphasise strongly enough the essential component of quality control for these tests. Amgalan et al quoted data from our earlier published studies and noted that the use of lyophilised plasma for external quality assessment (EQA) rather than whole blood may explain the lack of consistency shown in our studies as the devices are not designed to assess plasma. We have demonstrated previously that where plasma is the usual testing matrix, lyophilised material used in our EQA programmes is commutable, however we acknowledge that point of Care (POC) testing is generally designed to test fresh whole blood and it is not possible to provide like for like material for EQA exercises for POC devices.


The paper reveals the essence of multicultural nature as an integral quality of the contemporary teacher and provides the components that make up the model of multicultural teacher.


Semiquantitative spectrographic analyses for 30 elements, atomic absorption analyses for gold, copper, lead, and zinc, colorimetric analyses for arsenic and molybdenum, and instrumental analyses for mercury on all or part of a sample suite of 788 rock and saprolite samples are reported here in detail. Complete chemical analyses are reported on 27 fresh to partly weathered rock samples. Most of the samples are saprolite derived from mica schist and gneiss, amphibolite, and quartzite, or vein quartz in saprolite. Samples of vein quartz generally contain some enclosing country rock. Samples are from roadcuts, surface and underground mine workings, and mine dumps. Locations are given by quadrangle and by latitude and longitude. Seventy-six percent of the samples from old mine areas and 13 percent from roadcuts contain gold at a limit of determination of 0.02 parts per million (ppm). Thirty-five percent of the mine samples and ninety percent of the roadcut samples that contain detectable gold have less than 0.2 ppm. Introduction The analyses presented in this report are of 781 samples of rock and saprolite from the southwestern part of the Dahlonega gold belt and vicinity in Georgia (fig. 1 and table 1) and an additional seven samples from Alabama-two samples from Clay County, three from Cleburne County, and two from Tallapoosa County. The samples were collected by Lesure in March-April and October-November, 1967, in a reconnaissance study as part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Heavy Metals Program. Some preliminary results were reported earlier (U.S. Geological Survey, 1968, p. 8; Lesure, 1969a; 1969b). The samples are described briefly in a separate section of this report. Most of the samples are chip composites taken across bedding or layering over a measured thickness of representative material from roadcuts or mine workings or composites of several pieces of one or more thin quartz veins or lenses. A few are composite samples of rock from mine dumps. The samples are representative of the major rock types, mica gneiss and schist, quartzite, amphibolite, and vein quartz, exposed in the areas sampled. Samples of vein quartz generally include some enclosing country rock. '. <t*»;1'"' ; : ~W £ . V,O«e«« in i. i^-J'pii* F imimi.m ' OUCMW. ., Y-./. '$ ?*V"'""^1 ̂ ASf-^T" ? Cfir «(ti> -^ » V '»«Mr.v<r> « " ,'. S 'p _ j 5 ' "^.«**^ """T^*. 1^ ^"12ft?-\Tl^"" ^?"" : 'w"" ĉ i ~~ i ""'"^ ' * *** rCrm^ ' 4v" v^^t X^L^dS/tU-^^C^ ^x }>*t^ // £-^^S£^Cj/ *£--f-*h> ^N/vsT--^r"^ ^t 7. \ / y x w \ ^-fL^i .,_ ,.> Figure 1. Index map showing outline of the southwestern part of the Dahlonega gold belt and the location of quadrangles in which samples were collected. Quadrangles and identification codes for sample numbers are listed in table 1. Most of the samples are of weathered rock or saprolite. The freshest samples are generally from underground mine workings or mine dumps. Maps showing sample localities for this part of the Dahlonega belt and a discussion of the results of the analytical work are given by Lesure (in press). Table 1.-List of quadrangles and some of the mines within the quadrangle from which samples were collected (See also fig. 1). Quadrangle Atlanta I°x2° Acworth Bowdon West Birmingham Burnt Hickory Ridge Buchanan 15' Carrol!ton 15' Campbell ton Canton Dallas 15' Pine Mountain mine Yorkville mine Franklin Frolona PC 1 No. 2 Quadrangle PC 1 No. 2 A 30 Kennesaw K 7 AC 23 Lowell LO 17 BO 18 Marietta MA 25 BI 2 Mountain Park MP 17 ST 29 Roopville RO 33 BU 32 Bonner mine AB 7 CA 111 South Canton SC 51 CAM 14 Cherokee mine SCC 26 CN 16 Tate 15' T 39 DL 41 Tallapoosa South TA 65 DIP 116 Royal-Vindicator AH 16 DLY 8 Taylorsville ST 3 FA 4 Villa Rica 15' V 28 FR 7 Whitesburg WH 3 1 Quadrangle and quadrangle-mine prefix code used in sample number. 2 Number of samples.


Metal accumulation in stormwater ponds may contaminate the inhabiting fauna, thus jeopardizing their ecosystem servicing function. We evaluated bioaccumulation of metals in natural fauna and caged mussel indicator organisms in two wet retention ponds. Mussel cages were distributed throughout the ponds to detect bioaccumulation gradients and obtain a time-integrated measure of metal bioavailability. We further investigated if sediment metal concentrations correlate with those in the fauna and mussels. Metal concentrations in the fauna tended to be higher in the ponds than in a reference lake, but statistical significance was only shown for Cu. Positive correlations were found for some metals in fauna and sediment. Sediment metal concentrations in one pond decreased from inlet to outlet while no gradients were observed in the mussels in either pond. These findings indicate that metal accumulation in the examined ponds currently does not pose a threat to their habitat function.


Nowadays, the active frequency drift with positive feedback (AFDPF) islanding detection method which can solve the islanding of photovoltaic (PV) systems is widely used. However, the traditional AFDPF method may cause some problems such as the missing detection of islanding and the extension of detection time when the power grid fails and the loads' natures are different. In order to solve the problems, the essay proposes an improved AFDPF islanding detection method. This method introduces sign-function before the disturbance signal 0 cf (initial chopping fraction). Through this way, we can make correction for 0 cf so as to overcome the problems mentioned above. To verify the validity of the method, an example is utilized. The simulation analysis of the example indicates that after introducing sign-function before 0 cf , the islanding can be detected effectively under different loads conditions, in addition, the detection time can be reduced a lot and the grid-connected current waveform is quite good. So by this method, both the detection reliability and the detection efficiency can be improved greatly. Keywords-Photovoltaic system grid-connected; Islanding detection; Positive feedback; Active frequency drift;


In the continuous limit, the quantum one dimensional extended Hubbard lattice model with half filled band was transformed into the ferimion field. By using the bosonization method, the extended Hubbard model was then changed to the bosonized field form. Basing on the concepts of mapping, by relating the extended Hubbard model with the XXZ chain, the correlation functions of the extended Hubbard model were calculated and the phase diagram of the lattice model was obtained. Its phase diagram shows that there exist four different phase regions and different transitions with the varying of the interactions. A successful explanation of the deviation of the bounary line between charge density wave and spin density wave was given.


The enantiomerically pure bridged aminotroponiminate S,S-H2{(iPrATI)2diph}, in which two amino-isopropyl-troponimine moieties are linked by 1,2-(S,S)-diamino-1,2-diphenylethane, has been prepared. The chiral lutetium alkyl complex of composition [(R,R)-{(iPrATI)2diphLuCH2SiMe3(THF)] (3) was obtained via two synthetic approaches. In the first approach the dipotassium salt [(S,S)-K2{(iPrATI)2diph}] (1) of the ligand was reacted via a salt metathesis with lutetium trichloride to give [(S,S)-{(iPrATI)2diph}LuCl(THF)] (2). Reaction of 2 with LiCH2SiMe3 resulted in 3. Compound 3 can also be obtained by the reaction of [Lu(CH2SiMe3)3(THF)2] with (S,S)-H2{(iPrATI)2diph} under elimination of Me4Si. The alkyl complex 3 was used as catalyst in the intramolecular hydroamination reaction of nonactivated terminal aminoolefins. Good catalytic activities and moderate enantioselectivties were observed.


[1] Recent earthquake recordings from high-rate (1 Hz) continuous GPS stations in California indicate that even higher temporal resolution provided by modern GPS receivers is desirable. We measured seven baselines during time intervals devoid of detectable transient signals at sampling rates of 1–50 Hz with geodetic receivers from four manufacturers to investigate the noise characteristics of these data. Our tests over short distances (meters) to typical station spacing (tens of kilometers) of regional GPS networks show no loss of spatial resolution compared to 1-Hz samples. Measurement noise is red with the typical ramp profile of log-log spectra below about 0.5 Hz. Above this frequency, noise is essentially white. Low-pass filtering of high-rate positions achieves improved spatial resolution compared to decimated raw samples. Averaging 20-Hz measurements to 2-Hz samples on a 40-km baseline, for example, yields about 0.5 mm horizontal and about 3–4 mm vertical accuracy at high frequencies. These estimates are a factor of 2–2.5 better than for 2-Hz raw samples. The improvements in spatial resolution due to averaging at high frequencies are substantial and approach the theoretical "square-root-of-n" expectation for independent samples. However, since noise spectral densities rise rapidly below about 0.5-Hz, low-pass filtering is only effective above this frequency. These results have important implications for the design of continuous GPS networks for crustal deformation and structural monitoring and for positioning and attitude determination of dynamic platforms.


. Problem. One of the areas of developing energy saving when using machines and mechanisms is the recovery of used energy


The invention relates to a wind energy generation device. An increased air inlet device can be used to capture more on-coming wind energy, to improve the wind speed of the on-coming wind energy, and to force the captured wind flow to rotate. A coaxial counter rotating fan constituted by a multiple blade supply windmill with shroud feature can be used to capture and convert on-coming wind energy and supply the power to drive the coaxial counter rotating fan system to achieve inputting more energy into the wind flow captured by the main shroud through the fan system. A high efficiency energy conversion windmill can be used to convert the wind energy into the mechanical energy to drive the generation device, thereby the energy conversion efficiency of the wind generation device can be effectively increased, and the costs can be reduced.


The present invention relates to a ventilation heat induction motor bearing shield. An electric machine such as a totally enclosed fan cooled (TEFC) induction motor, a bearing housing having a double-walled heat shield, the shield and the bearing housing to be wrapped and the other portion of the thermal isolation of the interior of the motor housing. Shield defining a gas passage between the inner and outer walls thereof. Optionally, the gas channel may be configured such that the air flow through the inlet cycle gas stream shields in communication source, such as boot from the totally enclosed fan-cooled motor axial cooling fan gas. The channel also defines a gas outlet. Airflow within the gas passage transfers heat to the outside of the motor housing, reducing the operating temperature of the bearing housing. Gas flow rates may vary in response to the motor operating parameters.


This paper examines the co-morbidity profile of the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Behavior Disorder (BD), exploring the pattern that predicts this psychopathological association. A sample of 90 ADHD subjects aged 6 to 16 is analysed. Using a differential methodology, ADHD+BD is compared with the absence of co-morbidity. ADHD was assessed according to DSM-IV standards and the co-morbidity by means of CSI. Intellectual profile (as measured by WISC-R), academic performance, the relational dimension, psychiatric antecedents and nucleus of coexistence were taken into account. Descriptive and exploratory statistics were used and a logistic regression was implemented. The differential profile implies that ADHD+BD subjects present a significantly higher deterioration in the relational dimension, academic performance and percentage of separated parents. The pattern predicting ADHD+BD includes the relational dimension, whereas ADHD + Conduct Disorder includes the relational dimension and separated parents (p <.05).


ANALYTICAL CATEGORIES OF POLITICAL CONFLICT IN AN INTERDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVE
The article takes up selected issues present in research on social conflicts: 1. The impact of theoretical and methodological pluralism of social sciences on the evolution and current state of the theory of social conflict; 2. The importance of the interdisciplinary approach in explaining research problems and constructing the theory of conflict; 3. Sociological, psychological and political aspects of conflict research, including social inequalities, the influence of cognitive and emotional processes on the perception of reality and conflict activities, the origin and regulation of political conflicts related to the processes of exercising power and the diversification of the political structure of society; 4. The complexity of the basic categories of the political conflict analysis scheme: causes, phases, strategies, and methods of operation of entities, types, and effects.


Noise Optimization for High-Bandwidth Ion Channel Recordings Jacob Karl Rosenstein Single-molecule measurements often exhibit weak signals and fast kinetics, making them particularly challenging to record with high fidelity. This thesis presents an analysis of voltage-clamp current recordings of single ion channels, and concludes that considerable improvements in signal-to-noise ratios can be achieved by minimizing all parasitic capacitances associated with these measurements. A custom integrated amplifier in a 0.13μm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process is designed for high-bandwidth ion channel recordings, and systems are designed to closely incorporate this amplifier with solid-state nanopore sensors, lipid membranes, and biological ion channels. The low capacitance of these integrated platforms reduces noise at high frequencies, enabling signals to be measured up to ten times faster than had been previously achieved. In addition to improving signal quality, the small physical size of these integrated systems portends the arrival of massively parallel high-performance ion channel recording systems for drug discovery and biomolecular sensing applications.


The United States Coast Guard Academy, one of the smallest of the United States military academies, provides a unique environment where all cadets, regardless of major, receive rigorous training in STEM disciplines. Each cadet takes a scientific, engineering, managerial, liberal arts and nautical science curriculum, in addition to their specialized training in one of eight majors. This core curriculum includes two semesters of calculus-based physics. This provides the faculty with the unique opportunity and challenge of teaching majors ranging from Government to Electrical Engineering in the same calculus-based class. The USCGA's Physics department has employed active learning since 2002. While students have showed gains in both diagnostic scores and end of course grades, faculty feel that we can further improve student understanding by focusing on cooperative learning and leadership aspects of group work.


In El Salvador is observed the first case of Kyrle's disease. It's clinic-pathologic study is conclusive for such a dermatologic entity.


In recent years, Woodrow Wilson has returned to feature prominently in the public discourse on the role of the United States in the world. For students of US foreign relations, this is hardly a surprising development. Wilson was responsible for articulating a vision of the US role in the world usually described as "liberal internationalism" that has remained, despite wellknown flaws and scores of critics over the years, dominant in shaping American rhetoric and self-image, if not always policies, vis-a-vis the rest of the world. Competing foreign policy postures, such as isolationism or "national interest" realism, have surely been influential in particular eras and contexts. But they have failed to match the ideological and popular appeal of liberal internationalism, which has echoed so compellingly the most basic ideas many Americans hold about who they are, what their country is about, and what it should stand for in the world. And not only Americans. Just now it is hard to imagine, but should not be forgotten, that for much of history since the American Revolution the example of the United States and its ideals have served as inspiration to countless movements in Latin America, Europe, Southeast Asia, and elsewhere that sought to throw off foreign rule. Perhaps the single most striking example of


We present here an improved strategy to devise optimal integration test orders in object-oriented systems. Our goal is to minimize the complexity of stubbing during integration testing as this has been shown to be a major source of expenditure. Our strategy to do so is based on the combined use of inter-class coupling measurement and genetic algorithms. The former is used to assess the complexity of stubs and the latter is used to minimize complex cost functions based on coupling measurement. Using a precisely defined procedure, we investigate this approach in a case study involving a real system. Results are very encouraging as the approach clearly helps obtaining systematic and optimal results.


C onsiderable heterogeneity exists in the management of pneumothorax, both in observed practice and across various best practice guidelines.1–3 Furthermore, guidelines are in need of an update to reflect evolving scientific understanding and clinical evidence; the most recent guidelines (BTS)2 were published over a decade ago. In the interim, there have been considerable changes in pneumothorax treatment paradigms, including a shift towards the use of small-bore [≤ 14 French (F)] chest tubes (SBCTs) in place of large-bore ones (LBCTs).4 We sought to identify current practices across the United States related to the inpatient management of chest tubes inserted for pneumothorax.


The thermal decomposition of zinc tris (malonato) ferrate (III) decahydrate has been investigated from ambient temperature to 600°C in static air atmosphere using various physico-chemical techniques i. e. simultaneous TG-DTG-DTA. XRD. Mossbauer and IR Alter dehydration at 190°C, the anhydrous complex undergoes oxidative decomposition to yield α-Fe 2 O 3 and ZnO at 330°C. Subsequently the cations remix to yield fine particles of zinc ferrite. ZnFe 2 O 4 as a result of solid state reaction between α-Fe 2 O 3 and ZnO at a temperature 1400°C) much lower than for ceramic method. The results have been compared with those of respect oxalates.


Using VAR analysis on US data, we show that unanticipated fiscal expansions boost private consumption and business formation. Models with an extensive investment margin, i.e. endogenous firm and product entry, have difficulties explaining these two phenomena simultaneously. Considering different variants of an endogenous-entry business cycle model, we show that crowding-in of both consumption and entry can be generated only under very specific assumptions. In a static model with full depreciation, labor supply has to be extremely elastic. In a dynamic model, the fiscal stimulus must be sufficiently persistent such that future profits are high enough to generate entry. However, consumption falls for conventional parameter values. Lowering the wealth effect through the introduction of rule-of-thumb consumers or GHH preferences does not help to bring the model closer to the data.


This paper presents an experimental study on the behavior of circular concrete columns reinforced by BFRP-PVC tubes under uniaxial loading.A total of six specimens were prepared and tested under uniaxial loading.The main parameters varied in the tests were strengthening ratio and strengthening approach of BFRP.The performance,such as failure modes,ultimate bearing capacity and stress-strain curves,was investigated in details and a formula was proposed to predict the compressive ultimate strength.The results show that this kind of confined columns obviously improves the ultimate bearing capacity,and the ultimate bearing capacity increases with the strengthening layers.The formula proposed is applicable and efficient for prediction of the ultimate bearing capacity as well.


We have experimentally realized the self-generation of dense trains of spin-wave solitons in active magneticfilm ring resonators. The principle of the soliton auto-oscillator was based on the nonlinear interaction of two copropagating spin waves having the ratio between their group velocities equal to 2 and the transmission bands well separated in the frequency space. We show that under these conditions up to six dark solitons can simultaneously circulate in the active ring. The solitonic nature of the generated pulses is proven by the comparison of the obtained waveforms with those calculated on the basis of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation model.


Reaction of 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-D-xylopyranose 5 with ethynylmagnesium bromide gave the D-ido-diol 7 with high stereoselectivity. Diol 7 was converted into its 7-O-pivaloyl derivative 9, which, on treatment with toluene-p-sulfonyl chloride in pyridine, underwent cyclization with benzyloxy participation to yield 2,3-di-O-benzyl-5-O-pivaloyl-β-D-xylofuranosylethyne 10 in 75% yield. A similar reaction sequence involving substrate 5 and the Grignard derivative of 1,1-diethoxyprop-2-yne led to 1-(2,3-di-O-benzyl-5-O-pivaloyl-β-D-xylofuranosyl)-3,3-diethoxyprop-1-yne 14, which, on treatment with acetic acid–dil. hydrochloric acid, followed by hydrazine, gave 3(5)-(2,3-di-O-benzyl-5-O-pivaloyl-β-D-xylofuranosyl)pyrazole 15. Base treatment of compound 15, followed by transfer hydrogenation, produced 3(5)-(β-D-xylofuranosyl)pyrazole 4.


The article presents an attempt to theoretically substantiate the oscillations of fuel elements in fuel assemblies, leading to the destruction of spacing grids and breakdown of fuel elements. The experimental data obtained when organizing a helical vortex cord around a rod are used to get theoretical expression of the transverse power. It is based on the investigation of interaction of inertial waves and a helical vortex. Calculations of forces multidirectional along the length of the rod causing it to oscillate are presented. The magnitude of forces is found from experimental data and according to a theoretical formula. The possible danger of using spacer grids with deflectors swirling the flow around the fuel rod, as well as «SHADR» flow meters in RBMK technological channels, is indicated.


Abstract Two articles in this launch issue of the journal explore the patient experience of haemophilia. To set the context, Martin Bedford explains the grounded theory method, and gives a brief overview of how and when it might be used in haemophilia research.


Quasi periodicities on scales of 1 to 2.5 years have been observed in solar, interplanetary and geomagnetic time series. The relation of these signals to 1 and 1.3 yr fluctuations in the solar interior suggest the presence of structures or characteristic modes in the magnetic field, generated by the dynamo, that extend into the heliosphere. We have applied the methods of principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA) to search for the coherent structures (PCA) and independent global modes (ICA) of the axisymmetric solar magnetic field. While PCA is effective in identifying the coherent modes that describe the 22 yr solar cycle, ICA uncovers the independent global modes with characteristic 1 to 2.5 yr quasi periods observed in heliospheric and helioseismic time series. Five modes capture the salient properties of the data. Two modes describe the polar and high latitude fields, and present 1-1.5 yr quasi periodicities. The other three modes correspond to low and mid-latitude phenomena and show both 1.3 yr and 1.7 yr variations.


It is shown that yttrium presents a normal absorption band near 5.6 eV and another band whose characistics depend upon their film structure. The influence of temperature on the films shows the existence of an anomalous absorption phenomenon.


The invention structure and relates to a method of manufacturing the same, in the structure of the high-voltage and low-voltage devices are formed on the SOI substrate, the step height of the silicon device region in the SOI substrate so that a low voltage device region is higher than a high voltage device region of the high voltage and the low voltage element and the thickness of the silicon device area to which the high voltage element formed is characterized in that it is formed to match the junction depth of the impurity of the source and drain of the low voltage device. Therefore, since it is divided into a silicon device region in the SOI substrate to a high voltage device region and the low voltage element region apart place the stepped through the oxide film deposition method, it is possible to manufacture a high-voltage element has a low junction capacitance, the conventional CMOS process and device characteristics as there is an effect that it is possible to manufacture a low-voltage device having a compatible at the same time.


Prediction of ground surface settlement in soft ground has significant importance because of dangerous effects of settlement on existing surface and subsurface structures. For metro project of Tabriz city, excavation of two parallel tunnels with external diameter of 6.88 m by the shield tunneling method is considered. These tunnels are located in cohesionless soils below the ground water table. In this paper, ground surface settlement troughs caused by construction of these twin tunnels were predicted by Peck-Fujita empirical method for single tunnel and were generalized to twin tunnel case by use of superposition principle. The distance between centerlines of tunnels was increased from 13.6 m to 28.6 m in six steps. Then these troughs were comparized with the results obtained from PLAXIS software in drained conditions. Good agreement between these two methods was representative of accuracy of proposed procedure for prediction of ground surface settlement trough in cohesionless soils.


The ferric-chloride-photosensitized polymerization of acrylonitrile in dimethylformamide solution has been studied. At 25°C, the quantum yield for the formation of primary radicals is 0.088 mole einstein–1 at 4358 A. The quantum yield for ferric chloride consumption increases from this value at low concentrations (∼20µM) to 0.176 mole einstein–1 at high concentrations (∼2000 µM), and the monomer concentration exponent and the rate of initiation exponent in the polymerization rate expression vary from 1.53 to 1.33 and 0.50 to 0.80 respectively. The kinetics of the reaction are discussed in terms of termination by ferric chloride and degradative solvent transfer. The following rate constants in M–1 sec–1 are obtained: for the reaction of polyacrylonitrile radicals with FeCl3, 9.8 × 102; chain transfer to solvent, 0.19; initiation of polymerization by transfer radicals, 12 (estimated). An allylic type structure is proposed for the solvent transfer radical.


The invention relates to a phase-shift diffraction/interference measuring instrument and a phase-shift diffraction/interference measuring method for detecting a three-dimensional shape of a microsphere, and belongs to the technical field of optical detection of three-dimensional shapes of space objects. Through the instrument and the method, the problems that the detection range of single measurement is narrow and an ideal sphere which serves as a reference surface is difficult to manufacture in the conventional way for detecting the microsphere are solved. The measuring instrument comprises a short-coherence laser, a half wave plate, a polarizer, a first quarter wave plate, a second quarter wave plate, a right angle delay prism, a polarization beam splitter, a polarization analyzer, an optical fiber coupler, a single-mode single-core optical fiber, a right angle phase-shift prism, a converging lens, a pinhole sheet, a knife-edge reflector, a microscope objective, a large-size charge coupled device (CCD) and a computer. According to the measuring method, a light path is formed by the measuring instrument, and the detected microsphere is adjusted to rotate so as to acquire shape parameters of the corresponding microsphere to ensure that the shape of the microsphere is detected. The measuring instrument and the measuring method are suitable for detecting three-dimensional shapes of microspheres.


Environmental simple bricks that have high performances were prepared by using red mud,fly ash and shale as main raw materials.The porosity and bend strength were measured.The phase compositions and microstructures were tested by XRD and SEM.The results showed that the porosity was about 6.36%~48.01%,bending strength was about 18.87~66.83 MPa.The main crystalline phases were CaAl_2Si_2O_8,Ca_3Fe_(1.88)(SiO_4)_3,Ca_3(SiO_4)O,Fe_2O_3 and SiO_2,The pores dispersed uniformly in the samples.The factors causing the porosity,bend strength and the microstructure of samples were discussed and analyzed.


Abstract—The setting of physical and mechanical behavior of a product increasingly necessary to improve the economical aspects. One applicative techniques that can be done is the incorporation of the material making up a product with variations in the type and position. This study models the bimetal products by varying the position of the combination block Cu-Ni. Simulation using Finite Element Method (FEM), the results obtained in the form of deflection and twist angle. From the simulation results obtained smallest deflection occurs in combination model block length and deflection Cu-Ni greatest model of Cu-Ni horizontal position. While the smallest torsional angle for temperature occurs in a wide combination model block Cu-Ni and greatest torsional angle occurs in blocks wide variation model combination Cu-Ni.


Natural history studies and prevention trials for T1D use 2 hour OGTTs for two main goals: prediction and diagnostic surveillance. Although 2 hour OGTTs are reliable for these purposes, they impose time burdens and costs for research participants and staff. We thus examined whether 1 hour OGTTs are suitable for prediction and diagnostic surveillance. To assess their accuracy for prediction, we developed a 1 hour risk score similar to the Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1 Risk Score (DPTRS). The DPTRS utilizes log fasting C-peptide, sums of 30, 60, 90 and 120-min glucose and C-peptide, age, and log BMI. The components are the same for the 1 hour risk score (DPTRS60) and the DPTRS except that 1 hour glucose and C-peptide replace the glucose sum and C-peptide sum. Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1 participants were included in the analysis (n=670; age at baseline: 13.8±9.6 years; 56% male; 241 diagnosed with T1D). 1 hour glucose and C-peptide were highly predictive of T1D within the DPTRS60 model, as were log fasting C-peptide, age and log BMI (all p Disclosure K. Simmons: None. J. Sosenko: None. H.M. Ismail: None. H. Elding Larsson: None. A. Steck: None.


Inflammation plays a central pathogenic role in the pernicious metabolic and end‐organ sequelae of obesity. Among these sequelae, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease in the developed world. The twinned observations that obesity is associated with increased activation of the interleukin (IL)‐17 axis and that this axis can regulate liver damage in diverse contexts prompted us to address the role of IL‐17RA signaling in the progression of NAFLD. We further examined whether microbe‐driven IL‐17A regulated NAFLD development and progression. We show here that IL‐17RA−/− mice respond to high‐fat diet stress with significantly greater weight gain, visceral adiposity, and hepatic steatosis than wild‐type controls. However, obesity‐driven lipid accumulation was uncoupled from its end‐organ consequences in IL‐17RA−/− mice, which exhibited decreased steatohepatitis, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)‐oxidase enzyme expression, and hepatocellular damage. Neutralization of IL‐17A significantly reduced obesity‐driven hepatocellular damage in wild‐type mice. Further, colonization of mice with segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), a commensal that induces IL‐17A production, exacerbated obesity‐induced hepatocellular damage. In contrast, SFB depletion protected from obesity‐induced hepatocellular damage. Conclusion: These data indicate that obesity‐driven activation of the IL‐17 axis is central to the development and progression of NAFLD to steatohepatitis and identify the IL‐17 pathway as a novel therapeutic target in this condition. (Hepatology 2014;59:1830–1839)


Abstract In this paper, we present a novel word clustering technique to capture contextual similarity among the words. Related word clustering techniques in the literature rely on the statistics of the words collected from a fixed and small word window. For example, the Brown clustering algorithm is based on bigram statistics of the words. However, in the sequential labeling tasks such as named entity recognition (NER), longer context words also carry valuable information. To capture this longer context information, we propose a new word clustering algorithm, which uses parse information of the sentences and a nonfixed word window. This proposed clustering algorithm, named as variable window clustering, performs better than Brown clustering in our experiments. Additionally, to use two different clustering techniques simultaneously in a classifier, we propose a cluster merging technique that performs an output level merging of two sets of clusters. To test the effectiveness of the approaches, we use two different NER data sets, namely, Hindi and BioCreative II Gene Mention Recognition. A baseline NER system is developed using conditional random fields classifier, and then the clusters using individual techniques as well as the merged technique are incorporated to improve the classifier. Experimental results demonstrate that the cluster merging technique is quite promising.


Wavelength-tunable optical pulse sources with wide tuning range are desired both in fundamental experiments and in applications in practice. The tuning ranges and the pulse durations of output pulses are restricted by the luminescence spectra of the gain media. One of the most promising techniques is supercontinuum (SC) generation [1-3] by the propagation of intense narrow optical pulses in nonlinear media where more than 200-500nm spectra are easily obtained. So far, the SC generation has been reported with solid state lasers or dye lasers so far. Here, we have performed the first demonstration of supercontinuum generation by amplified gain-switched LD pulses and applied it to a tunable optical pulse source in the 1.5µm regime.


Array of dielectric structures (6, 7) within an optical medium (3), wherein the structures are formed non-periodic and irregular, and of single elements (2) of a material consisting, whose refractive-differs from the refractive-optical medium (3) and at least one photonic band gap (10) forms the basis of the structures within the optical medium (3), characterized in that it is in the structures (6, 7) to a combined arrangement of one or more quasi-square structures and / or quasihexagonalen structures and / or quasi-rhombic structures is extending through routes of pure square or hexagonal structures in at least one dimension (x; z) and / or result by shearing by changing the angle between the base vectors of the pure square or hexagonal structures wherein the various structures (6, 7) along at least one dimension (x; z) bet rachtet fluently merge into one another.


Survival and biocontrol activity of Clonostachys rosea (isolate IK726) conidia during storage on barley seeds were investigated. The initial density of colony forming conidia on seed was 4 2 10 3 to 9 2 10 4 colony forming units (cfu)/seed. After 5 months storage at 4°C, the density decreased by less than one order of magnitude and the biocontrol efficacy against seedling blight caused by seed-borne Bipolaris sorokiniana was maintained at a significantly high level ( > 80% disease reduction) for > 5 months. Conidial survival on seeds stored at 20°C declined more rapidly than at 4°C, and biocontrol efficacy was significantly reduced after 3-5 months. However, conidia produced on solid media over 20 days survived better than conidia produced in liquid culture and conidia from solid media produced over 12 days. In contrast, when seeds treated with conidia were packed with silica gel and stored at 20°C, the cfu density decreased by less than one order of magnitude after 5 months and the biocontrol efficacy was still high after 6 months. A dose-response curve revealed that 103 cfu/seed were needed for 80% control of seedling blight. Similar control was obtained in storage experiments when approximately 103 cfu/seed were recovered from seed, indicating that conidia which survived also retained a high ability to control disease.


Arguments generally refer to the entities(NPS and its equivalents) which are connected with predicates. It is commonly assurned that there are at most three possible argument positions in a sentence, i.e. those of subject, direct object and indirect object. In fact, the number of arguments, their theta roles and distribution in the sentence are determined by the senses of predicates. The positions of complement and adverbial of a sentence should also be regarded as argument positions on condition that the elements in these positions are obligatory elements of the predicate. Then they can also be called arguments of the predicate, and the positions they occupy are argument positions as well. So it is argued that the argument positions should be increased from the original three to the present five.


There is an extensive body of research on arithmetic functions with integer parts of real-valued functions, most commonly, with Beatty ⌊αn+ β⌋ sequences, see, for example, [1, 3, 6, 11, 12], and Piatetski–Shapiro ⌊nγ⌋ sequences, see, for example, [2, 4, 5, 7, 15, 18], with real α, β and γ. Throughout let x be a positive integer, p with or without a subscript be a prime number and P the set of prime numbers. Recently there has been much research on sums of the form


Study contributions Main results First experience of the sub-national process of certification of elimination of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV and/or syphilis at a global level. In 2022, 43 municipalities ≥ 100,000 inhabitants were certified, covering 24.6 million inhabitants. Implications for services The experience of sub-national certification of the EMTCT was important in mobilizing the municipalities that engaged in its initiatives, worked to improve the quality of care and surveillance and emerging as the main proponents in the process. Perspectives Through this ongoing and dynamic initiative, there is an anticipation of over 100 municipalities and states joining in 2023. Sub-national certification aims to enhance comprehensive care for pregnant women, in order to achieve national certification of EMTCT.


We investigate properties of various conformally invariant quantum systems, especially from the point of view of the conformal bootstrap. First, we study twist line defects in three-dimensional conformal field theories. Numerical results from lattice simulations point to the existence of such conformal defect in the critical 3D Ising model. We show that this fact is supported by both epsilon expansion and the conformal bootstrap calculations. We find that our results are in a good agreement with the numerical data. We also make new predictions for operator dimensions and OPE coefficients from the bootstrap approach. In the process we derive universal bounds on one-dimensional conformal field theories and conformal line defects. Second, we analyze the constraints imposed by the conformal bootstrap for theories with four supercharges in spacetime dimension between 2 and 4.


Considerable research effort in recent years has refined our knowledge of the landforms and sedimentary sequences generated by glaciers of the last cold episode in Scotland, the Younger Dryas, and the chronology of their formation. These recent advances have benefited from new technologies such as high‐resolution digital terrain models, numerical ice sheet simulations and cosmic ray surface exposure dating. This review presents a summary of recent Younger Dryas research in Scotland, particularly focusing on studies from the last two decades. The findings of these investigations are compared with those of earlier workers and, critically, are appraised in terms of their relevance to five key aspects of Younger Dryas glaciation: growth of the ice cap, its geometry, dynamics, mode of decay and likely stadial climate. Minor differences aside, the consensus view appears to favour a relatively thick but areally restricted central ice cap surrounded by satellite ice fields. At its centre, the ice cap was probably thickest during the first 500 years of the stadial, after which it most likely thinned as the climate became increasingly arid. Outlet glaciers were dynamic only in marginal areas, where they produced abundant moraine sequences during deglaciation, but throughout much of the stadial central areas of the ice cap effected only minimal landscape modification. Deglaciation took place by active retreat under a rapidly warming climate. Overall, the stadial was dominated by much colder and drier conditions than present, and probably experienced greater intra‐annual temperature ranges. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


down to us from classical antiquity,' and the conditions governing the legitimate use of such material. Thus he is prepared, ' as an impenitent polygenetist,' and without seeking the help of Elliot Smith, to admit that the Maori myth of Papa and Rangi may throw light on the psychology of the primitive creators of Hesiod's tale of Ouranos and Ge, even if the details in the two accounts are at variance. On the other hand, when it comes to close correspondence in detail, as in the case of the systems of divination practised in Etruria and in Borneo, he is willing to contemplate the possibility of some ancient connection between the two peoples in question. From the illustration ' from the four quarters of the globe' of attested classical customs to the analogical reconstruction of such customs is but a step. In the form given it by its authors (and under what other form shall it be judged ?) the old Attic Mournful Historie of the Eniautodaimon has as good a claim to credence as much that passes for gospel truth in the regions of pre-history and comparative philology. Classical scholars have on the whole decided against it, and their doubts have been very reasonably stated by Mr PickardCambridge in Dithyramb, Tragedy and Comedy. None the less the second impression, in 1934, of Professor Cornford's Origin of Attic Comedy (originally published in 1914, and apparently not noticed in the Classical Review) is a welcome event. Its value (like that of, say, Cauer's Grundfragen der Homerkritik) is independent of the truth or falsity of its thesis, and lies in the stimulus it has given to generations of students to think out for themselves the real problems, ritual or other, presented by the o^/wiTa Tiva of Attic Comedy. W. M. CALDER. University of Edinburgh.


Summary Objectives: In schizophrenia, the most repeatable DTI findings concern reduced FA in temporal and frontal lobes with associated abnormalities in connecting neural fibers. The goal of study was to evaluate the differences in FA of the internal capsule in EOS-patients and healthy controls and to place emphasis on the sex as a potential factor determining a predominant pathological pattern of described changes. Methods: 30 EOS patients and 30 healthy controls were studied using DTI. FA measures within internal capsules were performed in selected ROIs. For statistical analyses the one-way ANOVA test was used (p<0.05). Results: Significant differences of FA between EOS-patients and controls in the right ALIC with lower values of FA in EOS were observed. Within the women sub-groups, statistical differences of FA were observed only for the right ALIC. There were no statistically significant differences within men sub-groups.


ABSTRACT Objectives To assess the consumption of ultra-processed foods among inmates in a women's prison in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in 2012/2013 with 1,013 female inmates. A structured interview questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic, self-reported morbidity and healthy lifestyles and health-related behaviors data. The inmates' usual diet was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. Foods were classified as either natural or minimally processed, processed or ultra-processed. Results Inmates age ranged from 18 to 65 years, 51.7% were black, 80.3% had children, 69.5% smoked, 47% were overweight/obese and half of them had high blood triglycerides. The prevalence of daily consumption of natural or minimally processed foods (rice, beans and cassava flour) was 87.7%. The prevalence of daily consumption of green leafy and other vegetables was 63.7%. Almost two-thirds reported consuming milk and fried chicken frequently. A high prevalence of daily consumption of ultra-processed foods was observed in this study. Hot dog bread and sweet bread with margarine were consumed by 86.5% of the interviewees on a daily basis; sugar sweetened beverages by 68.4%, and biscuits as well as candies by 77.1%. Conclusions The women's diet in the prison is of low quality, and may lead to metabolic alterations, obesity and other comorbidities. It is recommended that the prison's Food Evaluation Committee considers improvements to the quality of the prisoners' diets.


Since the data from a TDR moisture measurement system are deviated from the true values in measuring the slope of expansive soils on road-cutting,the geotechnical electromagnetic property,the principle of TDR moisture measurement system and the texture characteristics of expansive soils were studied.Through the correspondence relationship of dielectric constant with kinds of soil's water content,the direct intimate connection between dielectric constant and water-content of soil was found out,and the dielectric constant which represents water content of soil was measured.The result indicates that(1)the increment of clay particle and bulk density generates the change of dielectric constant between the expansive soils and the clays which results in increase of bulk water content;(2) because the TDR moisture measurement system was calibrated by arenaceous quartz before sale and the grain size of expansive soils is much smaller than that of arenaceous quartz,the deviation was produced.


Separators are essential components of gas cleaning systems and are extensively used in different industries. Wide scope of application and specifications contributed to the development of a large variety of constructions that differ not only in their efficiency but also in the type of forces utilized for separation (inertia, gravity, centrifugal acceleration). This review paper provide a wide perspective of various designed of cyclone separator for collection of particle .A review of literature related to optimum design and computational fluid dynamic approach for the study of various parameters affecting the cyclone process and calculating the various changes due to it and also related to the improvement of efficiency of a gas-liquid separator operating at the pressure of high flux density in the cyclone body.


This study answered an apparently straightforward but previously largely unconsidered question: 'what informs architects' colour use?' Although the initial focus was on the role of education and culture, these turned out to be amongst a very large pool of variables that influence decision making during design. While the findings pointed to the influence of cultural background, demographics, education and, of course, design context, they showed rather surprisingly that architects' personal colour preferences had by far the greatest influence.


In this paper we have suggested that the need for systematic co-design techniques is particularly evident in small microcontroller-based embedded applications of the type now common, for example, in modern automotive products. We have argued that appropriate software patterns may have a role to play in this process. One of our main concerns is to develop techniques which improve the reliability and safety of embedded systems. It seems likely that the availability of appropriate patterns can contribute to this, but detailed empirical research is needed in order to determine whether this is the case in practice. (9 pages)


Rationale & Objective: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSFs) are utilized to decrease the incidence of febrile neutropenia (FN) in patients with cancers undergoing chemotherapy treatments. In 2015 biosimilar filgrastim-sndz was the first biosimilar to be approved and launched in the US market. Limited data exists in ascertaining the impact of biosimilars on patient out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures. The objective of this simulation model was to estimate potential OOP cost savings through use of filgrastim-sndz over reference filgrastim from a Medicare breast cancer patient perspective. Methods: An Excel simulation analysis was conducted among breast cancer patients treated with biosimilar filgrastim-sndz or the branded reference filgrastim (identified through HCPCS codes). Data from the 2016 Medicare Limited Data Set (5% sample of the carrier file) was used to populate the model. The payment calculation worksheet within the Medicare carrier file was used to calculate the average Medicare payment to the provider and the average beneficiary OOP responsibility per claim of either filgrastim-sndz or reference filgrastim. The average OOP reduction per claim for a filgrastim-sndz beneficiary relative to a reference filgrastim beneficiary was multiplied to a hypothetical FN prevalent population of 100,000 beneficiaries (average of 10 claims per beneficiary) to estimate the potential OOP savings. Results: Data for 616 filgrastim-sndz and 1,064 reference filgrastim claims were used to populate the model. The average Medicare allowed charge amount per claim for a filgrastim-sndz beneficiary was $362.8 versus $406.9 for a reference filgrastim beneficiary, while corresponding average Medicare payments to the provider were $284.1 and $316.9, respectively. On an average, OOP responsibility for a filgrastim-sndz beneficiary was lower compared to a reference filgrastim beneficiary ($72.9 versus $82.5) leading to a cost saving per claim of $9.60. When extrapolated to 100,000 beneficiaries (1,000,000 claims), the overall cost saving was projected to be around $9.6 million. Conclusions: Our simulation model estimated a potential OOP Medicare breast cancer beneficiary saving of around $9.6 million, based on a hypothetical population of 100,000 FN beneficiaries, with the use of biosimilar filgrastim-sndz over reference filgrastim. Further real-world analyses are required to evaluate the true cost saving potential from a breast cancer patient perspective with the use of biosimilars over reference biologics. Citation Format: Puckrein G, Xu L, Ryan A, Campbell K, Balu S. Potential Medicare beneficiary out-of-pocket cost reductions through use of biosimilar filgrastim-sndz over reference filgrastim among breast cancer patients: A simulation model analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-15-06.


Abstract : The Great Lakes are subject to coastal flooding as a result of severe storms. Strong winds blowing across the surface of the lakes produce high waves and surge. Variations in lake levels due to decadal scale variations in precipitation and anthropogenic activities affect the risk of flooding. In this report, historical storm climatology on Lakes Michigan and St Clair, and the resulting measured waves and water levels, are analyzed in detail. The physical processes that produce coastal flooding are investigated. The detailed history of water level and wave time series and associated probabilities are calculated, with long term, seasonal, and event time scales analyzed separately. Various parametric correlations between time scales and between spatial locations are quantified. A flood map methodology is proposed that improves the accuracy of base flood elevation prediction and improves the uncertainty prediction. The methodology takes full advantage of the latest storm wave and water level hydrodynamic modeling capabilities, as well as long term meteorological, ice, wave, and water level measurements.


The objective of current paper is 3D simulation of turbulent, developing flow and unsteady within a circular duct in presence of the body force vector persuaded by Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuator inside the surface of geometry for the first time. This article aims at investigating of applying plasma actuator to control separation with special arrangement of electrodes. For this reason, the plasma actuator is modeled in OpenFOAM software and the results are validated.Subesequently, to examine the effect of the presence of the plasma actuator a numerical study is carried out on a 3D flow. The physics of the problem is determined by three phenomena of increasing the flow cross-sectional, developing flow and simultaneous flow in both radial and tangential directions, especially the pressure gradients. As a result of the geometry of the problem, the actuators are arranged differently and the electrodes are arranged in radial direction. The results indicate that plasma actuator delay the separation point.