Contract KAT2 of the approximately 33 km long, twin‐bore Koralm Tunnel will produce about 8.6 mio. t of excavated material. For this reason, the maximum degree of recycling of the material was intended right from the start of the design process. This was planned including consideration of the optimal cost‐effectiveness of overall materials management with minimal environmental impact through the minimisation of transport processes and land use as well as generally sparing use of resources. On contract KAT2, more than 50% of the material excavated from the tunnel can be recycled for technical use on site. The material is used as aggregates for concrete and as fill (anti‐capillary layers, frost protection layers, filter gravel, sealing layers) for the earthworks in the open air.


ABSTRACT The Five-Factor Personality Questionnaire (CP5F) includes 130 items grouped in six scales. Five of them evaluate the superfactors of the Big Five model (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability and Authomomy), while the sixth assesses the participants' tendency to give socially desirable answers (Social Desirability). This article presents the results of the correlation analysis among the CP5F scales and those resulting from the FFPI (Five-Factor Personality Inventory) and EPQ (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire) questionnaires and the comparative results among the average scores of the Social Desirability scale obtained in two situations regarding the management of the CP5F questionnaire: one in which the participants were motivated to build a favorable image of themselves (mandatory periodical psychological evaluations or professional selections) and another in which the participants had no reasons to be untruthful (they solved the questionnaire for personality diagnosis purposes, psychological intervention or willingly, for the standardization of the CP5F questionnaire). The CP5F scales reflect a good internal consistency, the a coefficients calculated in the two categories of situations, grouped according to sex and three age groups (20-25 years, 26-35 years and 36-45 years) ranging from .639 to .924. KEYWORDS: Big Five, personality inventory. 1.1. The CP5F preview The Five-Factor Personality Questionnaire (Chestionarul de Personalitate cu Cinci Factori - CP5F) is aimed at evaluating the five superfactors of the Big Five model. It includes 130 items, grouped in six scales. Five of them evaluate the Big Five superfactors (Extraversion: 23 items; Agreeableness: 24 items; Conscientiousness: 25 items; Emotional stability: 21 items; Autonomy: 22 items), while the sixth measures the participants' tendency to give socially desirable answers (Social Desirability: 15 items). Each CP5F item contains a statement on the way a person feels (e.g., "I feel troubled because of some unpleasant happenings, even if I know that they are unimportant."), thinks (e.g., "I believe that life is full of interesting things") or acts (e.g., "I avoid taking part to group activities"). The participant needs to evaluate the degree to which he/she relates to each statement and to choose one of the possible answers: "strongly disagree", "moderately disagree", "neither agree nor disagree", "agree", "strongly agree". The participants have to answer on a 1 to 5 point scale. The score for each scale is assessed by adding all the scores of composing items. Then, the participant's score is transformed into a T score. The T scores over 60 are considered "high", while those under 40 are considered "low". The "high" and "low" scores are interpreted as follows: * the Extraversion scale: High score: The participant feels at ease in society. He/she is an active participant in entertaining activities. He/she enjoys talking and easily connects with people. Low score: The participant isolates himself/herself from other people. He/she is silent. * the Agreeableness scale: High score: The participant shows interest for other people. He/she respects the views and rights of others. He/she tries to keep good relationships with the others. Low score: The participant is interested in himself/herself. He/she is only interested in his/her own person. He/she wishes to impose his opinion on others. He/she is annoying. * the Conscientiousness scale: High score: The participant respects norms and regulations. He/she is disciplined and plans his/her actions. He/she strives to do everything perfect. He/she is trustworthy. Low score: The participant acts without thinking about the purpose or the finality of his actions. He/she does not respect deadlines. …


To identify the species and compositions of butterflies in Xiaowutai Mountain State National Nature Reserve in Hebei,the community diversity of butterflies thereof was investigated in 4 different sites in 2010.Results show that there were 123 butterfly species belonging to 7 families and 75 genera.Nymphalidae had the most number of genera(25) and species(49),while Libytheidae only had 1 genus and 1 species.Nymphalidae and Satyridae had most dominant species,accounting for 78.57%,which constituted the main groups in butterfly community.Hesperiidae had the highest richness index(1.914 9) and evenness index(0.200 4).Nymphalidae had the highest diversity index(3.000 8).Papilionidae had the highest dominance index(0.866 9),while Papilionidae had the lowest richness index(0.552 6) and diversity index(0.552 6).The diversity index,specific richness,dominance index,evenness index and similarity coefficient of the four sites were calculated and analyzed.It is concluded that Yangjiaping had the most species(107),number of individuals(2 020) and highest diversity index(3.635 2).The similarity coefficient of butterfly community between Yangjiaping and Jinhekou was the highest.


The invention discloses an ink supply system of an ink jet printer and a control method of the ink supply system. The ink supply system of the ink jet printer comprises an ink barrel device for stirring and heating ink, an ink adding and circulating device for continuously circulating ink in a supply loop, an ink cartridge for reducing ink deposition, a debubbling device for eliminating ink bubbles and a control system, wherein the ink barrel device, the ink adding and circulating device, the ink cartridge and the debubbling device are mutually connected to form a circulating debubbling ink supply system, and the ink barrel device, the ink adding and circulating device, the ink cartridge and the debubbling device are connected with the control system. According to the ink supply system, through designing the ink cartridge and the ink supply loop, ink continuously flows all the way, thus the ink deposition is reduced; small bubbles during ink mixing are reduced due to the adoption of the debubbling device in the ink supply loop, so that the printing effect is more stable; and the base support is provided for better printing of a sprayer, and thus the printing failure is reduced, the service life of ink supply loop accessories is prolonged, and the use cost is lowered.


T he beginnings of the u.s. Navy's third century may have signalled a rethinking of navies' roles in the international power process and ultimately in all aspects of international interaction. Ken Booth's Navies and Foreign Policy appeared in 1976, following D.P. O'Connell's Influence cif LAw on Sea Power (1975), Edward Luttwak's Political Uses cif Sea Power (1974) and James Cable's Gunboat Diplomacy (1971). And, for the Soviets, Adm. S.G. Gorshkov has produced his "summa of naval power," Sea Power and the State, said to be "dense, rich, logical and almost overpowering in breadth.,,1 The latest American study on the relationship of military power at sea to international law as the flow or process of authoritative and controlling decision is Mark W. Janis' Sea Power and the LAw cif the Sea. His theme is well stated in the introduction and his final chapter:


This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-CommercialLicense(http://creativecommons .org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Received 10 April 2014; Revised 22 April 2014 Accepted (Publication) 21 April 2014(30 April 2014)


This paper discusses the conditions under which unique multiracial electoral victories occurred in the two neighboring racially divided countries of Trinidad and Tobago and Guyana. There was an opening in the political party system in each country which permitted the rise of a new electoral force, and it was driven by a new political class. This class projected a national developmental model which was attractive to voters. The two models in both countries were quite dissimilar, and reflected the type of development and a confluence of economic factors unique to each country. [R] [See Abstr. 57.88]


The relationship between urbanization and regional development in Tunisia is explored. The author concludes that the urban system provides the framework on which development has to be based.


Recent general equilibrium models of fiscal policy suggest that the government purchases multiplier can exceed unity and that the multiplier should be larger in the long run that in the short run. These results follow from dynamic supply-side interactions of labour and capital, and are in sharp contrast to the implications of earlier equilibrium models. A cointegrating regression and an error correction model are used to test these implications of the equilibrium model of fiscal policy empirically. Data for post-war USA provide strong empirical support for the equilibrium model.


Recent experiments have demonstrated the potential applications of nanoclusters in catalysis,[1,2] biology,[3, 4] and medicine,[ 5] in addition to areas such as electronics[6] and optics.[7] These applications all require the creation of stable arrays of clusters that can withstand the relevant operating environment and maintain their useful properties. In the field of chemistry, gold clusters with diameters ranging from 1 to 6nm have been shown to catalyze the oxidation of carbon monoxide with size-dependent activity,[8] while large silver clusters catalyze the oxidation of ethylene.[9] Many metals have catalytic properties, which raises the question of how combinations of clusters of different size and composition behave in such processes. Moreover, combinations of clusters in a single system could lead to parallel or sequential catalytic processes on a single surface and may open up a host of new cluster applications. The deposition of nanoclusters on a single surface is the subject of continuing development.[ 10] Here, we demonstrate the deposition of films of different nanoclusters with selected size, composition, and density onto amorphous carbon films.


Background: Life-threatening events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, may generate feelings of insecurity and fear in the affected population, particularly children. Parents' ability to help children cope with negative emotions is essential during challenging periods. The current study aims to analyse the coping strategies adopted by Italian caregivers concerning their children's fears about COVID-19. Method: An online survey was administered during the Italian lockdown to 649 parents of at least one child aged 5 to 17 years old. Respondents completed the survey for themselves and their children. In addition, a qualitative content analysis of the data from the open-ended question was conducted (N = 569; 87.9% women; MAge = 45 years). Results: Several themes were identified. Firstly, families' primary approach was 'communication and meaning-making'. Secondly, another essential strategy was 'the importance of safe space', enabled by keeping routine in place and creating a loving and caring environment. Thirdly, other factors relevant to managing children's fears were 'adaptation', 'religion', 'a positive attitude', and 'humour and hope'. Finally, the last two strategies significant and valuable for Italian families were 'flexibility' and 'maintaining virtual contacts. Conclusion: During the pandemic COVID-19, parents may have used various strategies to protect their children from stress. Future research could investigate single parents' coping strategies explicitly developed during the COVID-19 lockdown.


The invention relates to the field of medicine, and specifically to pulmonology, and concerns a method for treating inflammatory and obstructive diseases of the airways, in particular bronchial asthma and obstructive bronchitis, with the aid of a drug on the basis of 1',3'-dinitroglycerol ester 11(S),15(S)-dihydroxy-9-keto-5Z,13E-prostadienoic acid (nitroproston) having a marked bronchodilatory effect. The present invention provides for an expansion of the range of broncholytic drugs by the use of a derivative of natural prostaglandin E2, which is characterized by greater biological activity and the absence of noticeable side effects.


The paper is concerned with the first stage of the extensive research aimed at developing design-automation system and well drilling process control. The proposed system is going to have some advantages over modern analogues, such as economic analysis at all levels, active engineering staff feedback, precedent-related principle for recommendations, etc. It will essentially reduce the risk of human errors and also optimize the well construction process from design to commissioning. The paper considers the results of the first design stage in a form of flow diagrams.


This paper provides new integrity and continuity risk evaluation methods for fault detection and exclusion (FDE) using receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM). These methods are developed for both solution separation (SS) and Chi-squared RAIM: they capture the fact that exclusion enables continuity risk reduction in exchange for a higher integrity risk. The two approaches are implemented in an example advanced RAIM (ARAIM) application for worldwide vertical guidance of aircraft using multiconstellation Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS).


Stabilization and spreading of PR transformed them from casual form of work with consciousness into regular, stable and fashionable science. PR emerged as a political propaganda, but its deep source is art of sales with its pure practical orientation. If art of sales works with consciousness for sales of commodities, public relations promote the sale of image, but not only the goods, strives to create the most favourable impression about its customer, commodity or service in the eyes of consumers, partners, and to cause fear in the crowd of enemies and competitors. Just therefore, PR expand marketing borders, cross and bound with advertizing and management. PR becomes the aspect of all these managerial and commercial work, which gives them the sphere for activities. PR are practical, official, they are by definition a means, an instrument, a technology, but they are not a creator of values, they only handle them, using the existing in society symbolic bagage. Marketing does not stop in its development and requires new instruments at orientation to the market, today it must be focused on consumers, and that is what PR are able to undertake. All values, high and low, human and ambiguous, are the instrument for raising assigned goal or ruining competitors or enemies, and as a result all PR actions promote real market efficiency.


Clutch sizes and egg sizes were measured for green turtles (Chelonia mydas) nesting on Ascension Island in the South Atlantic (7°57′S, 14 °22′W) in 1992. The mean number of eggs per clutch was 127.5 (SD = 22.9; n = 46 clutches). The number of eggs per clutch increased in larger turtles and declined as the nesting season progressed. Mean egg size was 45.5 mm (SD = 1.45 mm; n = 47 clutches). Three turtles laid significantly smaller eggs than the rest of the sample. When these three clutches were removed from the analysis, mean egg size increased in larger turtles. When the effect of female body size was removed there was no relationship between the number and size of the eggs in a clutch. The depth from the top to the bottom of the egg chamber, the depth from the top of the egg chamber to the topmost egg, and the depth of the body pit were all independent of adult size. Egg size varied systematically within clutches, the largest eggs being laid first and the smallest eggs last. This intraclutch variation in...


As the host's immune response may determine the course of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we studied the humoral and cellular immune responses to HCV‐related antigens in subjects with different outcomes of HCV infection. Lymphoproliferative responses and circulating antibodies to a panel of HCV core‐ and E1‐related 25‐mer peptides were examined in 10 healthy anti‐HCV‐seropositive blood donors (group A) and in 29 patients with chronic hepatitis C (group B). In addition, cellular recognition of recombinant HCV proteins (core, NS3, NS4A, NS5A, NS5B) were investigated. In group A, stronger T‐cell responses were detected against both HCV proteins (core, P = .03; NS4, P = .005; NS5B, P = .03) and peptides. Proliferation was induced by the same peptides in each group, defining at least five distinctive epitopes within core (amino acids [aa] of 20‐44, aa 39‐63, aa 79‐103, aa 118‐152 and aa 148‐172) and three regions within E1(aa 198‐252, aa 308‐372, and aa 368‐392). Subjects with strong T‐cell responses had low or no detectable levels of peptide‐specific antibodies, and vice versa. In particular, T‐cell responses were more common in group A; B‐cell responses were more common in group B. From our data, we conclude that a benign course of HCV infection may be the consequence of the effective activation of T‐helper lymphocytes.


nIIitil the followilng evening, vhen the breathing became easier, the swelling of the neck went down, and he swallowved a little fluid given him by Dr. Richardsoni; a trying cough came on, and his chest seemed clogged up and his mouth full of blood. He died oni July 12tlh, having given no sign of consciousness or answer to hiis wife's frequenit appeals to notice her since JulY 8thi. During the illness therewas no action of the bowels, anid nothing swallowed until the eveniDg of. July 11th, but urine was passed regularly up to the last.


"After the expulsion" looks at the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492, along with the rise of the Enlightenment, as decisive moments in which Jews entered modernity. The literature of Crypto-Jews in the Iberian Peninsula and the Americas is worth looking at in this area of study, especially the memoir of Luis de Carvajal the Younger as are the literary manifestations of Sephardic writers such as Bulgarian writer Elias Canetti, Italian writer Natalia Ginzburg, Israeli writer A. B. Yehoshua, and Mexican writer Angelina Muniz-Huberman. There are similarities and differences in the relationship between the Ashkenazi and Sephardic branches in modern Jewish literature. Ladino is a language that evolved after the 1492 expulsion but lost steam in the twentieth century.


During my time living in Central Java, Indonesia, I stayed in the family hom e  of  one of my  Indonesian friends on multiple occasions. In my friend ' s village, located in the district of  Batang, along the north coast of Java, west of Semarang city, almos t every woman has  the ability to produce exquisitely detailed hand-drawn batik fabric. A wal k up  a  lane or  a  peep into  a  neighbour ' s house will often reveal a solo entrepreneur contributing their  wares to a dynamic cottage industry. However, the lifestyle is hard  and the reward almost  not enough to justify the patience and hours required to produce fine batik cloth.


The long-run dynamics of public deficits and debt are modeled, assuming that public debt competes with capital for limited private savings. The interest costs of the debt are endogenously determined in this market, and the deficit in other budget transactions is a constant fraction of Gross National Product. Simulations with parameter values suggested by recent United States experience show the likelihood of unstable paths, along which debt grows faster than GNP indefinitely.


Abstract. Conventional image stitching methods were developed under the assumption or condition that (1) the optical center of a camera is fixed (fixed-optical-center case) or (2) the camera captures a plane target (plane-target case). Hence, users should know or test which condition is more appropriate for the given set of images and then select a right algorithm or try multiple stitching algorithms. We propose a unified framework for the image stitching and rectification problem, which can handle both cases in the same framework. To be precise, we model each camera pose with six parameters (three for the rotation and three for the translation) and develop a cost function that reflects the registration errors on a reference plane. The designed cost function is effectively minimized via the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. For the given set of images, when it is found that the relative camera motions between the images are large, the proposed method performs rectification of images and then composition using the rectified images; otherwise, the algorithm simply builds a visually pleasing result by selecting a viewpoint. Experimental results on synthetic and real images show that our method successfully performs stitching and metric rectification.


This paper proposes an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) using ferrite magnets which can smoothly drive at high speeds. The shape and arrangement of ferrite magnets in the rotor are discussed to achieve the high speed drive by FEM, and the motor suitable for the purpose is proposed. Two kinds of motors with ferrite magnets including the motor proposed are shown, and characteristics of them are examined. The motor proposed shows the good performance according to simulation results.


Among the treasures of Chinese art, ethnic dance is an important part. As a key form of expression of national art and emotion, dance has strong regional and gender characteristics for those affected by different ethnic groups and regions. The unique characteristics of the region are the driving force for the masses of all ethnic groups in China to continuously promote the prosperity and development of ethnic and folk dances living alone in different living conditions and living environments. In the analysis of ethnic and folk dances, environmental elements have a profound impact on the rapid development of dance. The main reason for folk dance is the relationship between the costumes of the dance, the connotation of the dance, and the laws of nature, resulting in the derivation of the environment. The article will also focus on a more in-depth discussion and analysis of the characteristics of Chinese folk dance. Scientific research on the regionality of ethnic dance plays a vital role in understanding and inheriting ethnic and folk dances.


A novel criterion to locate the melting temperature, Tm, in clusters is proposed. Based on the characteristics of the configuration space of the clusters we identify a class of clusters that: (1) have the global minimum of the potential-energy surface well detached by an energy gap from all other local minima; (2) present a large number of local minima above the gap that can be accessed by the system before evaporation takes place and (3) have a mean energy spacing between the local minima that is very small compared to the gap. For this class of clusters, one trajectory in phase space split into short time intervals can be mapped onto one state of a one-dimensional walker that steps on the various minima in configuration space. The average number of accessed minima above the gap, f, is obtained in a closed form. This quantity has a sigmoid shape as a function of temperature, i.e. it changes fairly rapid from zero at low temperatures to one at high temperatures. Thus f(T) is identified as the signature of the melting transition, and we define Tm as the temperature at which f(T) reaches the value of ½. This phenomenological model is supported by a comparison with a molecular-dynamics simulation of 12-, 13- and 14-atom Lennard-Jones clusters. Values of the parameters pertaining to the theory are extracted from the simulation and a comparison to Lindemann's criterion for melting is provided.


This brief paper identifies the community partnerships getting developed in a planning grant entitled "The Role of Rural Public Libraries in Small Business Economic Development in the Appalachian Region: A Case Study of Tennessee" (PLSB-TN) recently awarded by the Institute of Museum and Library Services' National Leadership Grants for Libraries (Research Category) (October 2014 – September 2016) (URL: http://scholar.cci.utk.edu/plsb-tn). PLSB-TN involves collecting quantitative and qualitative feedback based on the needs, expectations, and experiences of small businesses and rural public libraries in the state. PLSB-TN research conducted so far includes preliminary planning activities, analyzing existing needs and feasibility, solidifying community partnerships, and developing initial work plans, blueprint, and strategic action plan prototype of a Public Library Small Business Toolkit that strengthens collaborations between various stakeholders involved. PLSB-TN is serving as a pilot case experience and assessment test-bed to expand strategies for the entire Appalachian region and other rural environments in the future.


Hydrogel polymers incorporating phosphorylcholine have found widespread use in the manufacture of medical devices with improved haemo- and biocompatibility. Examples include soft contact lenses or coatings for devices, such as coronary stents and extracorporeal circuits. The advent of drug-device combinations has prompted the application of PC Technology™ (Biocompatibles UK Ltd) as a bioinert drug delivery vehicle, particularly in the form of coatings, for targeted delivery from a device surface. The flexible polymer chemistry employed in the synthesis of these materials offers a range of molecular architectures that could find applicability in a wide variety of drug delivery applications, including micellar, vesicular and gel systems, and even drug conjugation.


Objective To construct and verify a vector for gene deletion in Propionibacterium freudenreichii.Methods We amplified the fragments of about 500 bp of 5′ hemE and 3′ hemE by PCR,and constructed a target plasmid pPK705-arms-hygB including homological arms and hygB resistance gene.The targeting plasmid was transformed into competent cells of Propionibacterium,and by using homologous recombination technology oriented hemE gene knockout,and continuous passage culture,the exogenous plasmid was eliminated.Finally,PCR technology was used to verify homologous recombination between the Propionibacterium chromosome and targeting plasmid.Results The hemE of Propionibacterium was successfully knocked-out.Conclusion This study would provide foundation for researches on improving the entire metabolic pathway of Propionibacterium.


Some children have difficulty in accepting the language so that the child slowly reveal more use language such as body language in expressing his desire. The problem of this research is how the babysistter efforts in the stimulation of language development kindergarten through habituation daily activities at Daycare Taman Isola UPI. The purpose of this study was to obtain an overview of the efforts babysistters in the stimulation of language development kindergarten through habituation daily activities at Daycare focusing routine, spontaneous and exemplary. This research using descriptive method, as a means of collecting data in the form of a questionnaire distributed to respondents, the babysistter at Daycare Taman Isola UPI as many as 14 people. The findings of research on babysistter efforts in the stimulation of language development kindergarten through habituation everyday activities that most  the babysistters are already making efforts to give an example, invites, familiarize and train through habituation in daycare. Recommendation results of this study aimed to babysistters in order to deliver rewards in the form of praise when the child is able to perform the achievements of the language development appropriate to his age, he is also concerned about the development of children's language training to develop the skills and knowledge of babysistter.


In this article we intend to explain a series of habitation names of Western Ribargorca, along the medium and lower valley of the river Esera. The toponyms analysed date back to Pre-Roman, Roman and Germanic times. This analysis allows an understanding of the linguistic stratigraphy of the area. The lack of Arabic toponyms in this study should not be interpreted as an absence of Arabic occupations of this area but rather that their arrival took place after the locality's inception. The actual occurrence of feature names of Arabic origin has been left aside because such an enterprise lies outside the scope of the present study


In the early 1970s several studies refuted the superiority of social class to income as a basis for segmenting the markets for a wide variety of durable and nondurable goods. This study also examines the relative effectiveness of social class and income, as well as their combination, over a wide range of consumption areas. The author uses frequency of usage criteria for nondurables and quality or feature-level indices for durables. MANOVA, ANOVA, and loglinear modeling results show social class to be superior to income in segmenting food and non-soft drink/non-alcoholic beverage markets, as well as shopping behavior and evening television viewing. Income is superior to social class for major appliances, soft drinks, mixers, and alcoholic beverages. The combination of income and social class is superior for makeup and clothing, as well as automobile and television ownership, and thus a modified form of the relative income and status incongruence hypotheses is supported.


Abstract Every engineering project demands a thorough study of both technical and economic feasibility to ensure its success. This paper embodies the total principle but concentrates on the economic aspect, because of the author's conviction that the history of Canadian projects shows a real weakness in this area. The problem of inadequate economic evaluation of engineering projects is slowly gaining wider recognition. Progress is hampered, however, because of the lack of a good general framework for probing economic feasibility. Moreover, the problem is aggravated by the confusion of approaches and methods in use, many of which are of questionable value. This paper has a threefold purpose: (1) to stimulate interest, (2) to describe a method of economic evaluation that includes a general framework and stage-wise approach; and (3)to propose this method as a basis for standardization.


In this work, a new generation of scintillator based X-ray imagers based on ZnO nanowires in Anodized Aluminum Oxide (AAO) nanoporous template is characterized. The optical response of ordered ZnO nanowire arrays in porous AAO template under low energy X-ray illumination is simulated by the Geant4 Monte Carlo code and compared with experimental results. The results show that for 10 keV X-ray photons, by considering the light guiding properties of zinc oxide inside the AAO template and suitable selection of detector thickness and pore diameter, the spatial resolution less than one micrometer and the detector detection efficiency of 66% are accessible. This novel nano scintillator detector can have many advantages for medical applications in the future.


CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS PREFACE INTRODUCTION 1. Polypragmosyne and Periergia from Thucydides to Theophrastus 2. Translating Polypragmosyne 3. Polypragmosyne and Empire 4. Polypragmosyne and the Divine 5. Polypragmosyne, Periergia, and the Language of Criticism CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX RERUM ET NOMINUM INDEX LOCORUM


Background: Globally maternal mortality remained a public health challenge. Institutional delivery ensures safe birth which reduces maternal mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to assess determinants of institutional delivery among mothers who gave birth in the last one year. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted during May 16 to 28, 2016 in Dejen woreda. Multistage sampling technique was used for selection of 361 participants and collected data were entered and analyzed using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20. Multiple logistic regression was employed to identify factors associated with the institutional delivery at p-value <0.05` and to control the confounders. Results: Institutional delivery service utilization was 71.7%. Educational status, age and residence of the mother, having antenatal care visit/frequency of ANC visit, gravidity and husband's preference were independent predictors of institutional delivery service utilization. Conclusion and recommendation: Many women gave birth at health institution in Dejen Woreda. Younger age, having secondary and above educational status and urban residents, having 4 or above ANC visit, primiparaous and husband's preferred health facility had significantly associated with increased institutional delivery. Empowering women, ensuring all women to receive ANC visit according to the recommended number of visit, improving the quality of information on skilled delivery and enhancing partner's involvement, as well as increasing accessibility of health facilities in the rural areas, could increase institutional delivery service utilization.


The measurements of tidal currents in the ocean can be done by instruments deployed in the ocean, or by a moving research vessel carrying a current meter. The latter has the advantage of resolution of spatial structures of the flow field both in the vertical and in the horizontal. In an archipelago region where the bathymetry and geomorphology in general are complicated and tidal currents swift between islands, the measurements with either method can be challenging. Aimed at the resolution of eddies and the complicated flow structures, two ship-based surveys were conducted in the Zhoushan Archipelago region in summer of 2017 and summer of 2018. A 300 KHz acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) was used in measuring the current velocity profile time series along a planned route around a selected island. We observed eddies and velocity field around small islands in the area with strong tides, narrow channels, dramatic change in depth, and strong velocity shears. Our preliminary analysis has provided interesting results. This report briefly summarizes the ongoing work done thus far. Basically, a few eddies were apparent on the leeward side of the island. These eddies were changing with tidal phase. Harmonic analysis allowed us to resolve both the tidal elevation from the depth data and tidal current from the velocity profile time series. The data are expected to be used in subsequent model validation for comprehensive numerical experiments on hydrodynamics including transport, dispersion, storm surge, and other related dynamical processes.


Purpose: Analyze the relationship between the senior executive and ICT use. Design/methodology/approach: Empirical research through which we propose a framework to establish the main factors that might lead to an increase in ICT use by senior executives. Findings: The main contribution of the present study is the creation of the list of factors that affect the use of computers and applications by senior executives and a smaller group of categories. Research limitations/implications: A limitation of this research is that it should be confirmed by means of quantitative research that would allow us to test the validity of the proposed framework, and also to ascertain the relative importance of each factor. Practical implications: Thus reducing the number of factors and forming a smaller group of categories that can facilitate research. Originality/value: The list of factors that affect the use of computers and applications by senior executives and the smaller group of categories.


Dear Editor,

Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) is a result of deficient oxidative burst and impaired generation of reactive oxygen species due to mutations in genes encoding for NADPH oxidase complex (1). CGD usually presents with recurrent infections such as pneumonia, lymphadenitis osteomyelitis and hepatic or other abscesses (2) Rheumatologic disorders is a rare manifestation of first presentation of CGD.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic disease among children. It collectively refers to a group of chronic arthritis of at least six weeks duration in children or adolescents under the age of 16 (3). JIA is a common problem in immuodefficiency diseases but is not common in CGD. However, there is a little reports of concordances of rheumatologic diseases and immunodeficiencies. In addition to increased susceptibility to infections in patients with CGD, a higher incidence of sterile inflammatory disorders in these patients has been noted (4).

Our patient is a young boy who was born to the related parents whose their previous two children were dead because of myelomeningocele and anencephaly, respectively. The patient was 2 years old when he suffered from pelvic pain .Considering clinical findings in addition to 4 + RF, anti-CCP: 200 and negative HLA B5, B8 and B27, he was diagnosed as poly articular JIA. He was on medication (prednisolone and metotraxate) for years without remission but he had any complications.

When he was 6 years old he experienced several episodes of sinusitis, cervical lymphadenitis and pneumonia. His lymphadenitis was managed surgically because it did not respond to non invasive therapies. In his admission to hospital because of pneumonia several work ups were performed as a result of unsuccessful antibiotic therapy. Bronchoscopy revealed nothing. Complete bold count was normal (WBC = 9300 with 63% PMN). CD markers and all serum immunoglobulins level were in normal range. Nitroblue Tetrazolium (NBT) test in patients was 0 but in father and mother's patient was 87 and 98, respectively (normal range: 52 - 88 μg). In addition, activity dihydrorhodamine (DHR) Flow Cytometric test reduced in patient (DHR = 8) and in father and mother's patient was 27.5. The patient underwent CGD treatment based on the laboratory data, and clinical improvement was soon appeared. Now he is on JIA and CGD treatment with poor control of his joint involvements and he gradually developed ulnar and plantar deviation which has made him using braces. There are some reports of concordances of rheumatologic diseases and immunodeficiencies. There are reports of CGD accompanying Kawasaki disease (5) DiGeorge and JIA (6), CGD in a girl with SLE and CGD in a patient with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (7). Lee and Yap were among the first researchers who reported a patient with CGD and JIA. Despite our patient, they reported a girl who developed JIA after CGD (8). De Ravin and colleagues also reported different cases of CGD which gradually developed different rheumatologic disorders among them there is a patient with JIA who had been previously diagnosed as CGD (7). The difference between these reports and ours was the priority of immunodeficiency in their cases and rheumatologic disorder in our case.

Some authority believe CGD might itself be an associated risk factor for developing immune-based inflammatory disorders (4). However, there are authors that believe JIA acts as a predisposing factor for autoimmunity (7). Collectively, we believe that immunodeficiency and rheumatologic disorders are the two ends of a spectrum in which a patient might demonstrate different manifestations of each. So, for each immunodeficient or rheumatologic patient every sign and symptoms should be precisely considered because it might be a presentation of a new disorder.


We present a set of potential function components to assist an automated or semi-automated vehicle in navigating a multi-lane, populated highway. The resulting potential field is constructed as a superposition of disparate functions for lane- keeping, road-staying, speed preference, and vehicle avoidance and passing. The construction of the vehicle avoidance potential is of primary importance, incorporating the structure and protocol of laned highway driving. Particularly, the shape and dimensions of the potential field behind each obstacle vehicle can appropriately encourage control vehicle slowing and/or passing, depending on the cars' velocities and surrounding traffic. Hard barriers on roadway edges and soft boundaries between navigable lanes keep the vehicle on the highway, with a preference to travel in a lane center.


The purpose of this study is to research the characteristics of masonry techniques on Roman ancient architecture. Opus so means masonry, has many types and techniques and still we use that word. Roman masonry technique appears to be very diverse kinds throughout to try and change the outcome of new technology. Depending on the use of materials the process can distinguished in three courses. First, just use only stones and bricks. Second is the use of concrete that is advanced to cement structure. Third is the use of air-dried bricks and grilled bricks. Roman masonry ranges of techniques not limited to the construction of the resulting but created a variety of architectural language. Architectural space is based on a comprehensive development of masonry techniques.


This article presents the empirical results of application of the flexible specialization model, originally proposed by Piore and Sobel (1984) and more recently developed from the theoretical perspective of operations strategy by Nassimbeni (JOM, 2003, 21(2):151-171), in a traditional local footwear manufacturing system that is undergoing profound changes due to competitive pressures affecting the sector. The results, drawn from a multiple case study, provide evidences of a non-uniform evolutionary trajectory among the studied firms, notably regarding the strategic choice of internalizing production tasks. Additionally, the data analysis suggests that leading firms are developing an even higher flexibility and on-time delivery capabilities as a response to the increase of competitive pressures.


We explore the teaching strategies of clinical microbiology.In clinical microbiology teaching pratice,we can enhance students,interest in learning,clear training goal,adjust teaching content,and improve teaching method.Improving students,comprehensive quality and practical ability.Through optimizing the teaching strategies,we can raise comprehensive clinical medical laboratory personnel with high quality and ability.


The invention relates to azelaic acid compound acne removal cream containing rose oil and a preparation method of the cream. The preparation method includes the specific following steps that by weight, 10-20% of azelaic acid is added into 40-65% of deionized water and heated to 80-85 DEG C, 1-1.5% of chitosan and 5% of propylene glycol are added and evenly mixed, and a water phase is prepared for use; 0.5-1% of a cetearyl alcohol and cetearyl glucoside mixture, 1-2% of glyceryl stearate, 1.5-2% of PEG-5 glyceryl stearate and 8-10% of plant oil are mixed evenly, heated to 80-85 DEG C and fully melted, and an oil phase is prepared for use; the water phase and the oil phase are mixed and heated to 40-60 DEG C, 0.3-0.5% of the rose oil is added and fully stirred to be completely emulsified, the mixture is cooled to room temperature and ages, and the azelaic acid compound acne removal cream containing the rose oil is obtained. The preparation method is simple and efficient, short in preparation period, natural, free of pollution, stable in product property, good in emulsification effect and good in acne removal effect, and has the effects of whitenening, spot whitening, wrinkle resisting, moisture keeping and the like.


were not previously diagnosed as having a DD. 81.4% of depressed patients had a comorbid psychiatric disorder. Comorbid patients contacted more frequently their primary care physicians and spent more days absent from work compared to the other two groups (p<0.001; p1⁄40.005, respectively). Comorbid subjects had more depressive symptoms and experienced more recent life events compared to the other two groups (p<0.001; p1⁄40.001, respectively). Suicidal ideation was reported by 48.6% of comorbid subjects (p<0.001). Severe suicidal ideation was reported only by the comorbid patients. Conclusions: Patients with DD are frequently seen in primary care practice. All patients with depression should be screened for suicidal ideation. Primary care physicians should concentrate their prevention efforts for suicidal behavior on depressed patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders.


Organometallic complexes offer potential for design as anticancer drugs. They can act as inert scaffolds and specifically inhibit enzymes such as kinases, or as pro-drugs which undergo activation by various mechanisms. The activation of metallocenes, arene, alkyl or aryl complexes by hydrolysis, and metalor ligandbased redox reactions is discussed.


The combination of modified optical path length estimation and correction (OPLECm) and moving window partial least squares (MWPLS) was applied to the waveband selection for the Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) determination of pectin in shaddock peel samples. For MWPLS modeling, the changeable parameter of waveband width was set as the 21 piece-window size selected by the piece-wise multiplicative scatter correction (PMSC) method. Further, OPLECm was implemented for multiplicative scattering correction, and the MWPLS models were optimized by comparing the predictive results of three different cases using OPLECm pretreatment. The optimum case was PLS modeling based on the waveband selected by a moving window and successively pretreated by OPLECm (MW + OPLECm + PLS). The selected waveband was 8573–7784 cm−1 with a width of 410. The optimal number of PLS components was 11, and the corresponding RMSEP, the RP, and RRMSEP were 0.4176 wt%, 0.9185, and 8.43%, respectively. This model was better than other models for MW + OPLECm + PLS. The optimally selected waveband also showed an appreciative result in the validation part. This indicates that MWPLS modeling combined with OPLECm provides an appreciable improvement in the FT-NIR quantitative analysis of pectin in shaddock peel. In addition, a method was proposed for the classification of calibration samples and the prediction samples based on the principles of vector normalization, and all the calibration models and the prediction results were obtained on this classification.


Although the presence of a discrete nuclear apparatus in bacteria is fairly well established (see Piekarski, 1949), considerable controversy still persists as to the exact nature of the chromatinic elements. Several workers have interpreted structures of the nuclear apparatus as mitotic figures. Barnard (1930), studying several species of bacteria with dark-field, ultraviolet illumination, found structures which he interpreted as nuclear components undergoing mitotic division. Chance (1938), staining Bacillus mesentericus by a reduction-oxidation technique, indicated that "mitosis-like" nuclear division takes place, though no specific structures were implicated by him. Boivin et al. (1948) observed mitotic figures in bacteria through the use of ribonuclease and desoxyribonuclease. Johnson and Gray (1949), staining Photobacterium phosphoreum by the HCl-Giemsa method, found structures they interpreted as metaphase and anaphase stages of mitosis. Using a modified Feulgen technique (DeLamater, 1951a), a very intensive study was made of mitosis in Bacillus megaterium by DeLamater and Mudd (1951). This study has been extended recently to Escherichia coli, Micrococcus variabilis, and other species of bacteria, in each of which evidence was found of mitotic division (DeLamater, 1951b). The present study was undertaken to evaluate and extend the evidence for mitosis in bacteria. Since cytological studies by their very nature tend to be subjective, an effort was made to find a more objective approach. To this end cytological studies were carried out in conjunction with growth curve studies.


The "Structural Health Monitoring" is a project supported by National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(Grant No.50725828).To meet the urgent requirements of analysis and assessment of mass monitoring data of bridge environmental actions and structural responses,the monitoring of environmental actions and action effect modeling methods,dynamic performance monitoring and early warning methods,condition assessment and operation maintenance methods of key members are systematically studied in close combination with structural characteristics of long-span cable-stayed bridges and suspension bridges.The paper reports the progress of the project as follows.(1) The environmental action modeling methods of long-span bridges are established based on monitoring data of temperature,sustained wind and typhoon.The action effect modeling methods are further developed in combination with the multi-scale baseline finite element modeling method for long-span bridges.(2) The identification methods of global dynamic characteristics and internal forces of cables and hangers for long-span cable-stayed bridges and suspension bridges are proposed using the vibration monitoring data,on the basis of which the condition monitoring and early warning methods of bridges are developed using the environmental-condition-normalization technique.(3) The analysis methods for fatigue loading effect of welded details of steel box girder,temperature and traffic loading effect of expansion joint are presented based on long-term monitoring data of strain and beam-end displacement,on the basis of which the service performance assessment and remaining life prediction methods are developed.


In Brazil, malaria is an endemic disease present mainly in the Legal Amazon (LA), which accounts for more than 99% of the country´s cases. In 2000 the number of new cases of malaria in LA was 613.3 thousand, decreasing to 265.4 thousand cases in 2011, thus dropping by 56.7%. The malaria system behavior depends on many interrelated variables and environmental factors, constituting itself in a complex, non-linear dynamical living system, whose resulting dynamics have as main characteristics the unpredictability and the extreme sensitivity to the initial conditions. This paper is an investigation of a possible additional cause for the huge decrease in cases of malaria in the states of LA, in addition to the already recognized governmental effort to malaria disease control. The hypothesis adopted is that all domestic animals (exception fowls) compete with the man in the position of hosts feeding of the mosquito Anopheles, vector-borne of the disease.


It is suspected that chaos will be useful for communications, but little is known about how real communications channels will degrade chaotic signals. In this work, the signals from two different chaotic transmitters are passed through filters to simulate some kinds of channel distortion. The effect of the filtering is determined by measuring the signal strength of a test signal detected by a synchronized chaotic receiver.


Part I: State of Research, Concepts and Methods -- Historical Disaster Experiences: First Steps towards a Comparative and Transcultural History of Disasters across Asia and Europe in the Pre-industrial Era -- Living with Hazard: Disaster Subcultures, Disaster Cultures and Risk-Mitigating Strategies -- Part II: Materiality of Disasters: Natural Impact, Social Experience -- Several Natural Disasters in the Middle East (at the Beginning of the Eleventh Century) and their Consequences -- Fanāʾ and Fasād: Perceptions and Concepts of Crises and Disasters in Fourteenth-century Egypt -- The Black Death and Human Impact on the Environment -- The day the sun turned blue. A volcanic eruption in the early 1460s and its possible climatic impact – a natural disaster perceived globally in the late Middle Ages? -- Cultural Implications of Natural Disasters: Historical Reports of the Volcano Eruption of July, 1256 A.D -- When Europe was burning. The multi-seasonal mega-drought of 1540 and the arsonist paranoia -- Part III: Heaven and Earth: Searching for Reasons -- Assur will suffer: Predicting disaster in Ancient Egypt -- 'Natural' Disasters in the Arabic Astro-meteorological Malhama Handbooks -- Tracing the Will of the Stars: Indian Astrology and Divination about Natural Disasters and Threats -- Explaining the Bihar Earthquake of 1934: The Role of Science, Astrology and 'Rumours' -- Part IV: Urban Experience: Earthquakes and Fire -- The 1173/1759 Earthquake in Damascus and the Continuation of Architectural Tradition -- Living with Disaster: Aleppo and the Earthquake of 1822 -- 'The Great Fire in Cairo of 1321' – Interactions between Nature and Society -- Perceiving Urban Fire Regimes in Europe and China, 1830s to 1870s: British Fire Insurance Businesses and the Sudden Challenge of Globalisation -- Part V: Frequent Experience and Adaptations: Floods and Landscapes of Defence -- Economic adaptation to risky environment in the late Middle Ages. The case of the 'accrues' of the Doubs in Chaussin (Jura, France) from c. 1370 to c. 1500 -- Measuring 'disaster'? The 'everydayness' of fluvial landscapes and the colonial state in Gangetic diaras, 1790s-1880s -- When the 'Deluge' Happened: The Flood of 1929 in the Surma-Barak Valley of Colonial Assam -- Alpine landscapes of defence – On modern-vernacular avalanche protection systems in the Swiss Alps.


In this paper we construct in a complete orthonormal system for which every series whose coefficients satisfy the condition diverges on a set of positive measure. Bibliography: 6 titles.


In the first stage a classification algorithm is used to select M -type training samples with a small distance from the test samples And in the second stage the selected M -type training samples are used as a new training sample set for the second-stage recognition To increase the recognition speed an algorithm that can select M -type training samples quickly is proposed First a k -means clustering algorithm is used to aggregate the training samples into a large cluster For a new test sample the distance between the centers of each large cluster is calculated then several large clusters that are closer to the test sample are selected The categories of these large clusters are included in the new training set Training samples with the corresponding categories are combined to form a new training sample set that is used for the second-stage recognition Experiments on different face databases confirm that the proposed algorithm can achieve faster recognition speed based on the slightly improved recognition rate


At the moment, it is very less researched if flourishers differ in their way to cope with stress from those who do not flourish. To close this gab, the following mixed-method study has been conducted with the main aim to investigate differences between flourishers and non-flourishers regarding their coping strategies, coping resources and mindsets about stress.
Methods: Semi-structured interviews were employed to keep data collection as close as possible to the daily life situations and to put emphasis on the perspective of participants. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was used to ensure that only participants with a substantial level of stress were considered. The Mental Health Continuum – Short Form (MHC-SF) was utilized to categorize participants as either flourishers or non-flourishers. The sample consisted of twelve adults (seven German/five Dutch) with a mean age of 39.08 (standard deviation 14.70). Their age ranged from 26 to 71 years.
Results: Flourishers had (compared with non-flourishers) coping resources such as self-compassion, acceptance and optimism in a greater extent available, were using much more often active coping and cognitive restructuring. Flourishers' mindsets about stress could be characterized as willingly to face difficulties and recognizing positive aspects of stress. The MHC-SF revealed that six of the twelve participants were flourishing (three of the seven women and three of the five men) and six were moderately mentally healthy. Conclusions: It is still not known if flourishers and non-flourishers were differing in the effectiveness of coping approaches and in which extent. It can be assumed that flourishers were more able to keep a positive emotional state in the condition of stress and were therefore influencing their stressor appraisal in a beneficial way. Moreover, this might have helped them to keep more of their coping strategies repertoire available in a stressful situation.


In this paper, we consider adaptive quadratic amplitude modulation (QAM) for a cooperative network consists of a source, one decode-and-forward (DF) relay and a destination which are single antenna systems. For increasing the spectral efficiency of the system, we use adaptive modulation method for data transmission. We propose a new adaptive modulation scheme which has less complexity than available schemes. Then, we analyze average spectral efficiency (ASE), average bit error performance (ABEP) and outage probability of the proposed scheme. Computer simulation results corroborate our theoretical relations; furthermore, it shows that our proposed scheme has the same performance as maximum spectral efficiency scheme (MSES) with much lower complexity and has better performance than some other schemes.


Background Nasal-defect reconstruction is a challenging subject, nasolabial flaps are common methods for nasal reconstruction. Different modalities of nasolabial flaps were identified as V–Y advancement, superiorly or inferiorly based, freestyle perforator based, interpolated flap, and propeller types are commonly used. Objective The objective of the study is to evaluate the different modalities of nasolabial flaps in nasal-defect reconstruction and review of literature about nasal reconstructions with nasolabial flaps defining the advantages and disadvantages for each subunit. Patients and methods The study included 40 patients presented with nasal defects admitted to Benha University Hospital in the period from December 2018 to December 2020. Patients were reconstructed with different nasolabial flap types. Results In total, 40 patients whose nasal defects were reconstructed with nasolabial flaps were included in this study. The most frequent lesion was basal-cell carcinoma (73.3%). The most frequent flap type was superiorly based flap (60.0%), followed by inferiorly based flap (23.3%), and freestyle perforator nasolabial island flap was the least frequent one (16.7). All patients (100.0%) reported good functional outcomes such as normal breathing and no airway obstruction. About half of the patients reported excellent outcomes (53.3%). Partial wound dehiscence in three (7.5%) patients and alar distortion in two (5%) patients. Conclusion V–Y-advancement flap and freestyle perforator-based flap may be preferred for sidewall-and dorsum-defect reconstruction. Two‑stage interpolation type gives the best results for tip-region defects. Propeller and transposition (superior or inferior based) type flaps may be the choice for treatment in alar-region defects.


Scanning electron microscopes (SEM) are widely used to analyse the morphology of all kind of specimen providing high resolution image data. To overcome the two-dimensional limitation, a lot of effort has been put into the recovery of the hidden third dimension based on the acquired SEM images throughout the last decades. Especially methods based on photogrammetry were identified to yield qualitatively good reconstruction results. Nevertheless, precise quantitative 3D measurements still remain a challenge. One of the key problems is the robust estimation of the motion in the acquired image sequences. A possible solution is given by the factorization method for orthographic image streams. To evaluate the applicability of this algorithm on SEM image sequences, the motion for several sequences is estimated and compared to the stage settings. Furthermore, the method is extended to obtain a dense reconstruction from a stereo-pair based on the estimated rotations between the two views. The final reconstruction results are compared to reference measurements with a confocal laser scanning microscope for a quantitative evaluation.


1. The food, feeding ecology and morphological features associated with feeding of four co-occurring cyprinid fishes, namely Rasbora daniconius, Danio aequipinnatus, Puntius amphibius and Puntius dorsalis were investigated. 2. The diets of R. daniconius, D. aequipinnatus, P. amphibius and P. dorsalis consist of 33, 27, 23 and 27 identifiable plant species respectively, of higher plant leaves and animal matter. The composition of the diet of different size groups of the same species were also found to be different from each other. 3. The relative importance of the major taxonomic groups in the diet, computed by taking into consideration the size of the dietary material, indicate that in the two Puntius species the major contribution comes from the plant material in contrast to the other two cyprinids. 4. In R. daniconius and D. aequipinnatus the major component of the diet is insects accounting for 92.5% and 94.9% respectively while in the two Puntius species crustaceans constitute the major animal material of the diet. 5. Morphological features such as the shape and position of the mouth, the nature, number, the size and spacing of gill rakers, teeth and the mean relative gut length of the four cyprinids are shown to be correlated to their feeding habits and ecology. 6. The differences in the diets are shown to be related to their feeding ecology and the importance of such dietary separation as well as overlap are discussed in the light of the Gausian Principle of Ecological Exclusion. 7. On the basis of the present and earlier published data it is hypothesized that endemic species tend to show more clear and well defined niche segregation and ecological adaptations as compared to indigenous species, which have come from the mainland.


The surface densities of molecular gas, ΣH2 , and the star formation rate (SFR), Σ̇?, correlate almost linearly on kiloparsec scales in observed star-forming (non-starburst) galaxies. We explore the origin of the linear slope of this correlation using a suite of isolated L? galaxy simulations. We show that in simulations with efficient feedback, the slope of the Σ̇?–ΣH2 relation on kiloparsec scales is insensitive to the slope of the ρ̇?–ρ relation assumed at the resolution scale. We also find that the slope on kiloparsec scales depends on the criteria used to identify star-forming gas, with a linear slope arising in simulations that identify star-forming gas using a virial parameter threshold. This behavior can be understood using a simple theoretical model based on conservation of interstellar gas mass as the gas cycles between atomic, molecular, and star-forming states under the influence of feedback and dynamical processes. In particular, we show that the linear slope emerges when feedback efficiently regulates and stirs the evolution of dense, molecular gas. We show that the model also provides insights into the likely origin of the relation between the SFR and molecular gas in real galaxies on different scales. Subject headings: galaxies: evolution – ISM: kinematics and dynamics – stars: formation – methods: numerical


Objective: To assess the association of zona pellucida micromanipulation(ZPM)and monozygotic twinning(MZT) after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET).Methods: The pregnancies achieved by IVF-ET in our hospital during January 2000-December 2005 were retrospectively analyzed.The incidence of monozygotic twinning after ZPM was compared with that of zona intact subgroups.Results: A total of 2,859 cycles were performed,resulting in 1,099 clinical pregnancies,16 cases of monozygotic twins were identified,representing an overall frequency of 1.46%.Of the multiple pregnancies,7.6% contained MZT.There was no difference in the rate of pregnancies with MZT after zona pellucida micromanipulation procedures(1.3%) compared to zona intact subgroups(1.6%)(6/462 vs.10/637,P0.05).Conclusion: Zona pellucida manipulation procedures are not associated with an increased incidence of monozygotic twinning in IVF-ET treatment cycles.


During the period of employment the duty of loyalty protects the employer from competition of its employees. When the employment ends the employee is in essence free to compete with the employer. Non-compete clauses can simplified be said to extend the duty of loyalty after the end of the employment.

Recently alternatives to the traditional non-compete clauses have become more common in contracts of employment due to the fact that they have in many cases been assessed as unreasonable according to 38 § AvtL. Customer clauses constitute a form of non-competition clauses which aim to prevent the employee from bringing the employers customers to another employer or their own business. Customer clauses do not need to meet the same requirements since they only marginally restrict the employees professional opportunities, which fits consulting firms since customer relations are very important. However, there have been situations where customer clauses have resulted in not only a marginal restriction of the employee's professional opportunities, which have resulted in the clauses being found unreasonable.

The fairness of a clause is determined by an overall assessment of the circumstances in the individual case. The court observes a variety of circumstances affecting the assessment, but of greatest importance are the employer's security interest and the employee's professional opportunities.

The fairness assessment of customer clauses consists mostly of the contracting parties interests. There are however cases which suggest that public interest in fair competition could affect the assessment. Within the Swedish Bar Association the client's free choice of lawyer affects the assessment.
The protection of established customer relationships is probably a tool that can help build large and stable consulting companies. These companies can achieve economies of scale, which benefits the market as long as the consulting firms are not too large and can act as monopolists.

In the law and economics perspective there are arguments both for and against customer clauses. It is a consideration of competition and stability. Overall I find that many aspects of the fairness assessment of customer clauses are in line with what may be considered economically effective.


The PLASMA-2015 International Conference on Research and Applications of Plasmas was held in Warsaw (Poland) from 7th to 11th September 2015. The conference was organized by the Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion (IFPiLM), under the auspices of the Polish Physical Society (PTF). The scope of the PLASMA conferences, which have been organized every two years since 1993, covers almost all issues of plasma physics and nuclear fusion research as well as selected problems of low-temperature plasmas and plasma technology. The PLASMA-2015 conference topics included: – Elementary processes and general plasma physics, – Plasmas in tokamaks and stellarators (MCF), – Plasmas generated by laser beams and inertial confi nement fusion (ICF), – Plasmas produced by Z-pinch and Plasma-Focus discharges, – Low-temperature and dusty plasma, – Space plasmas and laboratory astrophysics, – Plasma diagnostic methods and applications of plasmas. The selection of invited speakers and contributed papers was performed by the International Scientifi c Committee (ISC) composed of 18 members: – Jerzy Wołowski, Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Poland – Chairman, – Dimitri Batani, Universite Bordeaux 1, France, – Sebastian Brezinsek, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Germany, – Krzysztof Dzierżęga, Jagiellonian University, Poland, – Goran Ericsson, Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sweden, – Igor Garkusha, Institute of Plasma Physics, NSC KIPT, Ukraine, – Sibylle Gunter, Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Germany, – Marcin Jakubowski, Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Germany, – Giorgio Maddaluno, ENEA, Frascati Research Centre, Italy, – Rudolf Neu, Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Germany, Preface Marek J. Sadowski


The main purpose of this study is to establish an econometric model in order to explain the factors affecting tourism demand in Turkey for the arrivals from the United Kingdom (UK) and Australia. The study generates forecasts for tourist arrivals from these countries to Turkey for the year 2005. In the estimation period, general-to-specific modeling approach is used and trend and seasonally adjusted moving average forecasting is used to forecast the demand. The demand modeling and forecasting indicate that the cost of tourism in Turkey does not have a significant effect over the arrivals from UK and Australia; however, word of the mouth effect is an important factor for these arrivals.


Polyhydroxy [n]-polyurethanes with chains formed by sugar-derived units have been synthesized. The enantiomerically pure monomeric precursor 1-amino-1-deoxy-2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-D-galactitol (4) was prepared from D-galactono-1,4-lactone (1) by a three-step route. Acetonation of 1 with 2,2-dimethoxypropane gave methyl 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropyldene-D-galactonate (2). The ester group of 2 was converted into the amide and reduced with LiA1H 4 to afford 4. This amino alditol was treated with di-tert-butyltricarbonate to produce the intermediate isocyanate derivative as activated monomer for the polymerization. The reaction conditions were adjusted to prevent the formation of urea linkages during the polycondensation. Thus, polymerization of the isocyanate monomer in THF and in the presence of Zr(acac) 4 as catalyst afforded the linear [n]-polyurethane 6, which upon purification was practically free of urea linkages. Removal of the acetal protecting groups of 6 with 10:1 TFA-water, under conditions that did not produce hydrolysis of the polymer chain, led to the polyhydroxy [n]-polyurethane 8, having all the hydroxyl groups free. Polyurethanes 6 and 8 are examples of polyhydroxy [n]-polyurethanes entirely obtained from a sugar precursor. They were isolated as crystalline materials that exhibited high melting temperatures and thermal stability up to 230 °C. Accordingly, the SEM analysis of 6 and 8 revealed surfaces with morphologies characteristic of crystalline polymers.


This technical report gives analytical formulas for the mean and covariancematrix of a multivariate normal distribution with one componenttruncated from both below and above.


Dams are among the most important hydraulic engineering facilities used for water supply, flood control, and hydroelectric power. Monitoring of dams is crucial since deformation might have occurred. How to obtain the deformation information and then judge the safe conditions is the key and difficult problem in dam deformation monitoring field. This paper proposes the periodic average system model and creates the concept of "settlement activity" based on the dam deformation issue. Long-term deformation monitoring data is carried out in a pumped-storage power station, this model combined with settlement activity is used to make the single point deformation analysis, and then the whole settlement activity profile is drawn by clustering analysis. Considering the cumulative settlement value of every point, the dam deformation trend is analyzed in an intuitive effect way. The analysis mode of combined single point with multipoints is realized. The results show that the key deformation information of the dam can be easily grasped by the application of the periodic average system model combined with the distribution diagram of settlement activity. And, above all, the ideas of this research provide an effective method for dam deformation analysis.


This paper aims to search the ways in which regional and ecological products are marketed through producer-driven food supply, through a case study analysis of four initiatives, Biomelk Vlaanderen, Cooperativa Agricola Firenzuola, De Hoeve and NaturaBeef. We thereby especially focus upon the characteristics of alliances and the ways these alliances influence the initiatives' performances. The analysis learns that two trajectories for the establishment of alliances can be found. The first trajectory is characterised by initiatives that struggle to create an adequate network around their product, but that had even more problems to establish alliances with business partners that did not share the same goals and values. In the other trajectory, the vertical alliances between the farmers and the buyers grow more steadily, are much more formalized and this results in a good economic performance for the initiatives. In this scenario, a strong partnership with a shared understanding and a high degree of transparency is being built.


Fielded mobile robot systems will inevitably suffer hardware and software failures. Failures in a single subsystem can often disable the entire robot, especially if the controlling application does not consider such failures. Often simple measures, such as a software restart or the use of a secondary sensor, can solve the problem. However, these fixes must generally be applied by a human expert, who might not be present in the field. In this paper, we describe a recovery-oriented framework for mobile robot applications which addresses this problem in two ways. First, fault isolation automatically provides graceful degradation of the overall system as individual software and hardware components fail. In addition, subsystems are monitored for known failure modes or aberrant behavior. The framework responds to detected or immanent failures by restarting or replacing the suspect component in a manner transparent to the application programmer and the robot's operator.


In this paper, the approximate calculation formula is used to calculate the horizontal electric field from lightning which has arbitrary current, with the help of time domain integral equation method solving the lightning induced over voltages on overhead lines. In this paper, the time domain integral equations of horizontal electric field is established. Taking the conductor axis current as the variable, the pulse function is used as the basis function, and the discretization equation is used in space and time. Using time stepping algorithm to solve the resulting linear equations. The calculation process of this method is simple, and it is proved that the method is consistent with the conclusion of the relevant literature.


There is a kind of images easily ignored of Liao Zhai Zhi Yi that is"Villain"image. The"Villain"appear in different ways in this book,which accordingly allude some social bad phenomenons and problems of humanity at that time.Combining Pu Songling's living conditions,his indignation,and some famous comments to classify and define the"Villain"image. By emphasizing kinds of"Villain"images,we can systematically scan the consciousness of social criticism from various " Villai n "images who have been shaped by Pu Singling that permeate Accusing social darkness,Satirizing disadvantages of imperial examination,Rebelling feudal ethics,Revealing bad humanity,and Criticizing harmful witchcraft.


Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided through‐the‐needle biopsy (TTNB) has improved the diagnostic algorithm of pancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCNs). Recently, a new through‐the‐needle micro‐forceps device (Micro Bite, MTW Endoskopie Manufakture) has been introduced. The primary aim was to assess the safety and technical success of this new type of micro‐forceps. The secondary aim was to evaluate the diagnostic role of EUS‐TTNB.


The gradual evolution to free enterprise in England, which became quite pronounced about the time of Adam Smith, is explained in this paper in terms of institutional changes in the rent-seeking society of mercantile England. In this explanation the role of ideas and influential writers is seen as subsidiary to the role of real economic and institutional forces in producing historical outcomes. Moreover, a major feature of our rent-seeking interpretation is that the poor design and competition for control of the mercantile regulatory process unintentionally helped bring about the institutional changes which made rent seeking and economic regulation by the central government less feasible.

"a part of that force which always intends evil 4und always creates good"— Goethe, Faust.


The present invention generally relates to compositions for wound closure. More particularly, the present invention is exogenous polypeptides (e.g., antimicrobial polypeptides and keratinocyte growth factor 2) Human skin equivalent is engineered to express, and engineered to express an exogenous polypeptide It provides compositions and methods for making human skin equivalent is. In addition, the present invention also provides a method for treating a wound by human skin equivalents engineered to express exogenous polypeptides.


There is a growing need for brighter luminescent materials to improve the detection and imaging of biomarkers. Relevant contexts include low-abundance biomarkers and technology-limited applications, where an example of the latter is the emerging use of smartphones and other nonoptimal but low-cost and portable devices for point-of-care diagnostics. One approach to achieving brighter luminescent materials is incorporating multiple copies of a luminescent material into a larger supra-nanoparticle (supra-NP) assembly. Here, we present a facile method for the preparation and immunoconjugation of supra-NP assemblies (SiO2@QDs) that comprised many quantum dots (QDs) around a central silica nanoparticle (SiO2 NP). The assembly was entirely driven by spontaneous affinity interactions between the constituent materials, which included imidazoline-functionalized silica nanoparticles, ligand-coated QDs, imidazole-functionalized dextran, and tetrameric antibody complexes (TACs). The physical and optical properties of the SiO2@QDs were characterized at both the ensemble and single-particle levels. Notably, the optical properties of the QDs were preserved upon assembly into supra-NPs, and single SiO2@QDs were approximately an order of magnitude brighter than single QDs and nonblinking. In proof-of-concept applications, including selective immunolabeling of breast cancer cells, the SiO2@QDs provided higher sensitivity and superior signal-to-background ratios whether using research-grade fluorescence microscopy or smartphone-based imaging. Overall, the SiO2@QDs are promising materials for enhanced bioanalysis and imaging.


This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of copper on the development of lipid peroxidation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without diabetic nephropathy. Fifty-five patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited in this study and were divided into 2 sub-groups based on the presence of microalbuminuria, the first group (microalbuminuric group n=31) had a microalbuminuria between 30-299 ug/mg. The second group (normoalbuminuric group, n=29) had an albumin level less than 30 ug/mg. The two diabetic groups were compared to the control group (n=37). The results of our study showed significant elevation in the levels of serum lipid profiles and lipid peroxidation markers in the microalbuminuric group compared to the normoalbuminuric group at P<0.001. This was associated with significant rise of serum copper in the diabetic group with nephropathy compared to the diabetic group with no nephropathy and the control group, P<0.001. The current study illustrates that the presence of microalbuminuria in type 2 DM can be regarded as an index of increased cardiovascular vulnerability and a signal for vigorous efforts at correction of known modifiable risk factors in which serum Cu one of them.


Abstract Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) causes morbidity in kidney transplant (KT) recipients. Strategies to prevent this infection in resource-limited settings have been unreliably implemented and under-explored. We investigated CMV prevention strategies utilized among transplant centers in Thailand. Methods A questionnaire on CMV prevention strategies for KT recipients was developed using a web-based electronic survey website (www.surveymonkey.com). The survey was delivered to 31 transplant centers in Thailand. One infectious disease physician (ID) and one nephrologist (NP) from each center were included. Results There were 43 respondents from 26 (84%) transplant centers including 26 (60%) IDs and 17 (40%) NPs. The majority worked in a public hospital setting (63%) and had encountered KT recipients for at least 2 years (74%). Forty-one (98%) physicians agreed on the necessity of CMV prevention. Of these, 34 (81%) physicians implemented prevention strategies for their patients. Interventions included preemptive approaches (47%), prophylaxis (44%), hybrid approaches (3%); surveillance after prophylaxis (3%), and CMV-specific immunity-guided approaches (3%). For CMV-seropositive KT recipients, use of preemption (84%) exceeded prophylaxis (12%). However, 81% of the former preferred targeted prophylaxis in patients receiving anti-thymocyte globulin therapy. Sixty-five and 93% of physicians started preemptive therapy when plasma CMV DNA loads reached 2,000 and 3,000 copies/mL (1,820 and 2,730 IU/mL), respectively. A significantly greater percentage of NPs initiated preemptive therapy at a plasma CMV level of 1,820 IU/mL compared with IDs (88% vs. 50%, [P = 0.02]). The most common barrier to prevention strategy implementation was financial inaccessibility of oral valganciclovir (67%) and quantitative CMV DNA testing (12%). The majority (81%) felt that a guideline would allow physicians to implement CMV prevention strategies for their patients. Conclusion Most physicians agreed on a need for preemptive approaches, although prophylaxis was targeted in those receiving intense immunosuppression. Guidelines and financial accessibility could improve CMV prevention strategy implementation in Thai KT recipients. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


This paper discusses some of the ethical aspects in research in Adapted Physical Activity (APA). It indicates some of the ethical challenges related to the choice of research problem to be investigated, and the treatment of participants, not least when working with people who are in some ways in a more vulnerable life situation. Drawing also on experiences as a researcher with a disability, the challenges and potential benefits of involving people with disabilities in APA research is critically discussed.


A. R. Moore has recently published two articles1on ede[ill]a which are in essence a criticism of some views which I have expressed on this subject.2Were it not for the fact that one of these articles has enjoyed a publicity which my efforts have not been able to obtain, it would be needless to publish a response that is a mere repetition of what has been said before and which proves Moore's contentions neither original nor binding. The facts brought out by Moore in his first paper may be summarized as follows: When frogs' muscles are placed in Ringer's solution (a mixture of sodium, calcium and potassium chlorid) they do not gain in weight, or they may actually lose. When an "M/8" Ringer solution is used Moore found the muscle to maintain its weight, while when an "M/6". Ringer solution was employed the muscle lost. (It would


Various surgical approaches have been employed to treat fractures of the medial orbital wall. Among them, the transnasal endoscopic approach provides the chance to avoid external scars and to observe the fracture site clearly. These approaches mostly require the use of grafts or splints. Authors carried out a retrospective study on the blowout fractures repaired by bulla ethmoidalis osteomucosal flap (BOMF) and compared them with the groups that were treated with silastic sheet only and with Med-pore to investigate the merits of BOMF with respect to results and complications. Subjects and Method: We reviewed 62 cases (64 sides) of medial wall fractures that were treated surgically. They were diagnosed with 3 mm facial CT scans and treated according to the authors' indications from February 1998 to March 2004 at Namgwang Hospital, Seonam University. The surgical treatment consisted of the reconstruction of the fractures and the repair of the remaining bone defects by graft and splint, and the type of graft was selected according to the size of the defect. For minor defects, silastic sheet was used alone, whereas major defects were repaired with BOMF or Med-pore. All patients were evaluated regularly for at least six months postoperatively. Results:There were no differences in the aspects of the final treatment results of diplopia and enopthalmos. Butin the aspects of postoperative crust formation and granulation, the cases that were repaired with BOMF showed better results as well as the economic merits. In the BOMF cases, the average duration of silastic sheet stenting was 12.5 days and it could reduce the follow up period. Conclusion:BOMF demonstrated better results in the respects of duration of silastic sheet stenting, postoperative crust formation, granulation and economic cost.


David Mltrany's functionalism has provided an inspired, if widely criticized approach to the study of international organization,1 Although originally conceived without regional restrictions in its application, it has been interpreted as a prescription for European integration hence the development of the formerly pervasive but now largely discredited neo-functionalist school.2 The contention that will be advanced here is that Mitrany's work may still usefully guide our analysis of international organization. This is especially so with regard to understanding the stubbornness of sovereignty, and the complexity of decision making in a new generation of multilateral conference diplomacy, as typified by UNCLOS and UNCTAD. These forums are likely to feature more prominently in coming attempts to develop codes and rules of conduct in fields of global conflict and co-operation such as technology transfer, economic development, basic health and other 'common heritage' resource management issues. The grounds for promoting Mitrany's approach are that a close reading of his principal works reveals a more subtle, conservative and realistic appreciation of sovereignty than many critics have permitted, and furthermore, within this more cautious appraisal there lie a number of procedural pointers to the constructive, if undemonstrative circumvention of the restriction of sovereignty.


HEALTH AND FUNCTIONAL STATE OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN 10-11-YEAR-OLD SCHOOLCHILDREN The study presents the data on health and peculiarities of the cardiovascular system of 10-11 year-old children according to Rufie index and adaptation potential (AP). Correspondence between physical development, stage of puberty, health group and AP and Rufie index rating was analyzed.


The influence of roof strength on the stress distribution, plastic yielding area of surrounding rock and floor heave of gateway was analyzed using numerical simulation. The results indicate that the peak value of side abutment pressure was transferred to the deeper of both sides of the gateway, the horizontal stress in the roof was increased, the plastic yielding area of the floor and the magnitude of floor heave were reduced obviously after the roof were strengthened. On the basis of the analysis, the view that strengthen the roof can control the floor heave was put forward.


Rigid polyurethane foams reinforced by nano-CaCO 3 were prepared through in-situ disperse and polymerization by ultrasonic. Observation on the reinforced polyurethane foam showed that nano-CaCO 3 particulars had been dispersed uniformly and steadily in PAPI liquid. The results of mechanical tests revealed that nano-CaCO 3 particles in low loading fraction could increase mildly the compress strength and modulus of rigid polyurethane foam. But addition of nano-CaCO 3 conduced the rapid accretion of viscosity of PAPI, which made the foam reaction difficult and contributed to the impact strength decrcase even in addition of 6 % nano-CaCO 3.


This paper presents a new approach to automatic construction and optimization of the Network Attack Graph(NAG). For solving scalability problem of the NAG, a hierarchy has been adapted for the network structure that can be divided into attack subgraph and attack supergraph. The attack subgraph describes concrete attack scenarios from the source host to the destination host. The attack supergraph described the attacker's privilege transition processing. This approach reduces the complexity of NAG by simplifying the structure of it.


Nowadays lightening students load has become one of the key issues lying before the education reform.Whether it can be done successfully or not will directly influence the operation of quality education.So,in order to take powerful measures to ensure this task and put it into practice,The author firstly analyzed the present situation of heavy burden on students and then presented own view about how to lighten it.


Recent proposals using low-power processors and Flash-based storage can dramatically improve the energy-efficiency of compute and storage subsystems in data-centric computing. However, in a balanced system design, these changes call for matching improvement in the network subsystem as well. Conventional Ethernet-based networks are a potential energy-efficiency bottleneck due to the limited performance of gigabit Ethernet and the high power overhead of 10-gigbit Ethernet. In this paper, we evaluate the benefits of using an alternative, high-bandwidth, low-power, interconnect---PCIe---for power-efficient networking. Our experiments using PCIe's Non-Transparent Bridging for data transfer demonstrate significant performance gains at lower power, leading to 60--124% better energy efficiency. Early experiences with PCIe clustering also point to several challenges of PCIe-based networks and new opportunities for low-latency power-efficient datacenter networking.


SUMMARY

US Grade 2 soybeans contain about 20% cracked and split seeds, 3% damaged seeds and 2% foreign material. Examination by scanning electron microscopy showed that intact seeds were externally almost free of microorganisms. In cracked seed coats and in damaged areas on broken soybeans, profusely developing fungal mycelia were frequently observed. Fungi penetrated the beans through these cracks and through the micropyle. Penetration through the hilum was observed only in cases where the seed coats showed pronounced signs of damage. No penetration through pore-like structures in the seed coat could be observed. Light microscope observations of sections of naturally infested soybeans showed little penetration into the underlying cell layers. Sections of soybeans kept at 99% r.h. and 26dC for 4 days revealed profusely developing fungi colonising both seed coat tissue and cotyledons. In the cotyledonous tissue hyphae did not penetrate into the cells but developed only in the intercellular spaces.

In inoculated, detached seed coats, fungi developed better on the inner than on the outer side. On cotyledons free of seed coats, fungal development was better than in the seed coat itself. In broken soybeans of commercial stock origin, free fatty acids (FFA), mould count and respiration rate increased 3.5-, 3.5-and 5.0-fold, respectively as compared with intact ones. When broken and intact soybeans were mixed there was no increase in the rate of deterioration.

It is concluded that fungi are involved in the increase of FFA in soybeans during storage and that this process is significantly faster in the broken bean fraction.


The study focuses on the export of Eugene Vakhtangov's theatrical methodology to American stage practices. The problem is specifically discussed based on the the acting and directing activities of Vakhtangov's follower Leonid Snegoff. He staged the play by the Soviet playwright Dmitry Scheglov "The Blizzard" ("Purga") on Broadway in 1929. The deep interest in Russian theatrical ideas and systems (Konstantin Stanislavsky, Eugene Vakhtangov, Vsevolod Meyerhold and Michael Chekhov) of the US practitioners in the interwar period are explained. The main two reasons are the absence of national acting school and thus theatre pedagogy. The characteristic of the main ways for exporting Vakhtangov's ideas overseas are provided. Among them – the theatre tours abroad, translation and publication of Soviet theatrical literature about Vakhtangov and his method, the stage activities of Russian emigrant actors who studied with the Master or by him (Richard Boleslavsky, Rouben Mamulyan, Benno Schneider, Miriam Goldina). Theatre activities of Snegoff are analyzed along with the organicity of the poetics and the idea of "The Blizzard" play according to stage realization in the course of the Vakhtangov school. A brief analysis of the main productions of Scheglov's play on the Soviet stage of the 1920s – in the Leningrad studio "Proletarian Actor", Leningrad State Bolshoi Dramatic Theatre – BDT, Moscow Drama Theatre (former Korsh Theatre) and Studio of the Moscow State Maly Theatre – allows us to make a conclusion about the most successful of them. They were presented not in a ultra-realistic and naturalistic way, but in a Vakhtangov way – theatrically and conditionally. The author presents the analysis of Vakhtangov theatre ideas overseas on the basis of materials from the collections of the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, the Houghton Library (Harvard University), the Russian State Archive of Literature and Arts, as well as documents from the Museums of the Eugene Vakhtangov State Academic Theatre and the Chekhov Moscow Art Theatre.