A scheme that allows the dispatch of steady and controllable level of power from a wind power generating station is proposed in this paper. The scheme utilizes two battery energy storage systems (BESSs) in which the generated wind power is used to charge one BESS, while the second BESS is used to discharge constant power into grid. The role of the two BESS interchanges when the discharging BESS reaches specified operating limit. With this scheme in mind and based on given wind speed statistics, charging characteristics of the BESS are studied, and a method to determine the expected charging time of the BESS to reach stipulated battery state of charge is developed. The expected BESS charging time, in turn, dictates the constant power level that can be dispatched to the grid through the discharging BESS. The corresponding discharge time is also determined using the developed method, the accuracy of which is validated experimentally. The proposed design procedure is then used to determine the minimum BESS capacity based on the expected wind power. Statistical likelihood of dispatchable power delivery achievable from the scheme is also obtained.


Problems like backward teaching philosophy,conservative teaching contents and methods,lacking teachers and space and too big classes etc.exist in vocational colleges.So physical education teachers in vocational colleges should try to change their teaching concepts,teaching content and evaluation system,and the colleges should increase investment,enrich the teaching staff,expanse the sports venues and facilities to improve students' quality and abilities in order to adapt them to the personnel requirements of the new century society.


Since the convolutional neural networks are often trained with redundant parameters, it is possible to reduce redundant kernels or filters to obtain a compact network without dropping the classification accuracy. In this paper, we propose a filter pruning method using the hierarchical group sparse regularization. It is shown in our previous work that the hierarchical group sparse regularization is effective in obtaining sparse networks in which filters connected to unnecessary channels are automatically close to zero. After training the convolutional neural network with the hierarchical group sparse regularization, the unnecessary filters are selected based on the increase of the classification loss of the randomly selected training samples to obtain a compact network. It is shown that the proposed method can reduce more than 50% parameters of ResNet for CIFAR-10 with only 0.3 % decrease in the accuracy of test samples. Also, 34% parameters of ResNet are reduced for TinyImageNet-200 with higher accuracy than the baseline network.


ABSTRACT The objective of the present work was to evaluate the use of extracts of leaves and fruits of neem (Azadirachta indica Juss) as coating for papaya Formosa fruits aiming to maintain their quality during post-harvest storage. A completely randomized experimental design in a 5x5 factorial arrangement was used, with 3 replications of 2 papaya fruits per plot. The treatments consisted of five coatings with extracts of neem leaves and fruits (leaf extracts at 5 and 10%, fruit extracts at 5 and 10% and a control treatment without coating) and five storage periods (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days) under mean temperature of 30.4 °C and relative humidity of 42%. The fruit weight loss, external appearance, pulp firmness, titratable acidity and soluble solids were evaluated, and the fungi species on the fruit surface of each storage were identified and quantified. The treatments with extract of neem leaves and fruits at 5% had papaya fruits with best external quality and provided best control of growth of phytopathogenic fungi. Regarding external appearance, papaya fruits coated with extracts of neem leaves and fruits at 5% had a shelf life of 12 days, while those coated with extracts at 10% had a shelf life of 9 days.


The exegeticalmethods of the Quran has been aimed more and consumed by adults both from students, students, lecturers, and intellectuals, rather than to children. But actually, the case of adults is clearly different from the nature of children who have a tendency to play. How to present a exegeticalmethod of the Quran that can be consumed by children is a developmental idea in the scientificexegesis of the Quran in general and particularlyin the Islamic Religious Education (PAI), especially in the study of the exegesis of the Quran. Therefore, Tafsir Qur'an untuk Anakanak (The Exegesis of the Quran for Children) by Afif Muhammad comes to respond to the problem when it is now very rarely the literature that deals with the interpretation for children today. Therefore, this paper will discuss how the exegeticalmethod offered by Afif Muhammad in his work, and most importantly is, how to present the characteristics of the exegesis of the Holy Quran that is ideal for children in the perspective of Islamic Religious Education (PAI).The result of this research reveals that the ijmāli method with dialogical language in Tafsir Qur'an untuk Anak-anak can be used as a solution to improve the lecture method in PAI so as to create dynamic and effective interrelations between educators and learners in the learning process. The comic method in the Tafsir Qur'an untuk Anak-anak is a prominent characteristic of the study of the Qur'an for children so that it can be utilized by educators in the process of teaching and learning in the classroom, and the scholars who are concerned about the world education of children.


The effects of transport on the environment are considered. Increased mobility throughout the world particularly by car and air is matched by increased scientific evidence about the damage being caused. The authors consider solutions being put forward to take account of environmental costs including various methods of pricing and environmental impact assessments. An outline is given of the following chapters which cover international policy responses, the role of government and other institutions and problems in placing a value on the environment. For the covering abstract of the textbook see IRRD 854369.


The Nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation is a universal amplitude equation which can be derived for the description of small spatio‐temporal modulations of an underlying carrier wave. The validity of this approximation for general dispersive wave systems possessing a quasilinear quadratic nonlinearity is an open problem that has remained unsolved for more than four decades. We report results on a systematic numerical simulation of such a quasilinear wave equation which strongly support the validity claim.


Low carbon steels are widely used for structural applications because of its ease in fabrication and the moderate strength it posses. However, its pure corrosion resistance at normal atmosphere is a matter of serious concern.


Based upon elastic perfectly plastic oscillators, this research investigates the influence of cumulative damage on seismic response modification factors. To take into account the cumulative damage due to hysteretic energy absorption, the Park–Ang damage index was adopted as the damage measure. A large number of iterative nonlinear response history analyses were conducted for the oscillators with periods and other features representative of conventional civil structures. Analysis results show that a significant portion of the total damage in a system reaching its damage limit state is due to hysteretic energy absorption. Consequently, the maximum tolerable ductility demand in the system under earthquake loading is lower than its ductility capacity determined under the monotonic loading condition. Moreover, the existing formulae for calculating response modification factors are shown to be inadequate to capture the effect of cumulative damage. A new method was developed for improved estimates of the response modification factors.


In this paper, the performance of narrow band interference (NBI) rejection scheme for direct sequence spread spectrum (DS/SS) is analyzed. A single-tapped complex FIR filter is used for filtering a chip code to suppress NBI In this system, the spectrum of transmitted signal has a null at an arbitrary frequency. By choosing filter coefficients, we place this null at NBI center frequency to mitigate the effect of NBI. The performance of this scheme is theoretically analyzed and validated by simulation


The embodiment of the invention relates to a wireless communication technology, particularly a method, system and device for identifying a terminal. The invention is used for solving the problem of failure to identify a great deal of MTC (Machine-Type Communication) equipment in the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) system in the prior art. The method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises steps as follows: a network node determines an equipment identification, and determines the corresponding MTC equipment according to the equipment identification, wherein the equipment identification comprises an IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) corresponding to the MTC equipment, and an IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) corresponding to an SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) or USIM (Universal Subscriber Identity Module) in the MTC equipment. In the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, since the IMSI and the IMEI are bound together to identify one MTC equipment and also identify the MTC equipment contract, the MTC equipment can be identified in the 3GPP system. The embodiment of the invention can also use the IMSI to identify an MTC subscriber contract, and use an MSISDN (Mobile Station-Integrated Services Digital Network) number to identify an MTC group composed of the MTC equipment in the MTC subscriber contract.


Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are the key contributor of organelle-specific lipid distribution and cellular lipid homeostasis. Here, we report a novel implication of LTPs in phagocytosis, trogocytosis, pinocytosis, biosynthetic secretion, recycling of pinosomes, and motility of the parasitic protist E. histolytica, the etiological agent of human amoebiasis. We show that two StAR-related lipid transfer (START) domain-containing LTPs (named as EhLTP1 and 3) are involved in these biological pathways in an LTP-specific manner. Our findings provide novel implications of LTPs, which are relevant to the elucidation of pathophysiology of the diseases caused by parasitic protists.


Introduction Disseminated aspergillosis is most likely to develop in neutropenic patients with cancer, particularly in those with acute leukemia receiving intensive chemotherapy1,2). Aspergillus has a special affinity for blood vessels3). However, hematogenous miliary spread, such as seen in disseminated tuberculosis, only rarely occurs, as compared with the thrombosis and infarction noticeable in most cases1,2,4). Indeed an unusual case of miliary aspergillosis has been reported in a patient with chronic alcoholism, free from other debilitating diseases5). We describe here a similar case of disseminated aspergillosis characterized by miliary microabscesses which occurred during the treatment of a patient with acute leukemia.


The Broach sub block lies between the Mahisagar and Narmada rivers of South Cambay Basin, Gujarat India. Gandhar and Jambusar are the two prolific oil and gas producing fields in this block. Most of the discovered oil was found in Hazad sands of the Ankleshwar Formation of Middle to Upper Eocene age. But some oil was also produced from the sands within the Cambay Shale Formation of Paleocene to Lower Eocene age. An attempt has been made to predict the hydrocarbon distribution and prospectivity of these sands. An analogy was inferred from producing Linch sands of equivalent age of North Cambay Basin. Introduction Cambay Basin in the western Indian state of Gujarat is a fairly well explored productive basin (Figure 1). The Broach sub block lies in the southern part of the basin. It is bounded on the north by the Mahisagar River and in the south by Narmada River. It is bounded by basin marginal faults in the east and west. Most of the discovered oil in this block is in Hazad sands of the Ankleshwar Formation, but some oil is also produced from deeper pays in the Cambay Shale and Olpad Formation of Paleocene to Early Eocene age. In this paper an attempt has been made to predict the distribution pattern and hydrocarbon prospectivity of the sands within the Cambay Shale of Paleocene to lower Eocene age (Figure 2). In a basin with geological history of deltaic sedimentation, entrapment conditions formed in time and space witnesses varying degree of structural and stratigraphic control over hydrocarbon accumulations. Search for deeper pays within the Cambay Shale is envisaged for hydrocarbon accumulation. Copyright © AAPG. Serial rights given by author. For all other rights contact author directly. The Cambay Shale was deposited during the Paleocene to Lower Eocene (Figure 3). Five to twelve layers of dirty, partly lithic sands are present in the Cambay Shale and have been considered as potential exploration targets for hydrocarbon accumulation. The Cambay Shale has a maximum thickness of approximately 2800 m in the N-S oriented Tankari depression; the depression is 8 km wide and is the main kitchen for hydrocarbon generation (TOC 3-14% and S2 3-9). The Cambay Shale Formation progressively pinches out on both sides of the depression. On the eastern margin it pinches out and shows a progressive onlap. On the western margin, which corresponds to present day Gulf of Cambay, the Hazad Formation transgresses the Olpad Formation of Paleocene age. So far no detailed work has been carried out to understand the depositional pattern of these sands, so a methodology was adopted to critically examine the well and seismic data, and determine the thickness variation of the Cambay Shale and the sand provenance. Based on the studies carried out, it is envisaged that Cambay Shale was deposited during major marine transgression and the sand deposited within it, under short regressive cycles. These sands are argillaceous and developed as an isolated lobe at specific locales (Figure 4). The seismic events corresponding to this unit show high amplitude reflections (Figure 5). This unit is drilled in well A of the Nada area in which a number of hydrocarbon shows were observed. The main depositional lobe is present in the western edge of the block, close to the present day shoreline. In the Malpur, Barkhodra, Nada area (Figure 1), well B was drilled up to Trap while wells A and C (Figure 2) were terminated in the deeper part of the Cambay Shale. Out of these wells, C has produced oil and gas, whereas well A had oil and gas indications. The potential targets are high amplitude events which corresponds to sand and shale alternations. These sands occurs as pinchouts on the northwestern and southeastern flanks of the Tankari low. The paleoriver system in the northeastern part of the area played an important role in bringing the sediments along pre-existing Paleozoic or older faults. The number of prolific sands present in the Cambay Shale are well within the oil window with insitu entrapment conditions and can be targeted for hydrocarbon exploration. Geological Characterization Five to twelve layers of dirty, partly lithic sands are included in the Cambay Shale of Broach block. These deeper sands have been considered as potential targets for petroleum explorationists. An extremely thick accumulation of Cambay Shale is observed in the NS oriented Tankari depression (Bordeneva,1997). On the eastern margin, the lower part of the Cambay Shale Formation pinches out first, showing progadational onlap towards the east. In the southeastern part of the study area, the Hazad Formation unconformably overlies the Olpad, while only 20 m to 240 m of the upper part of the Cambay Shale, devoid any sand development, were found in Dabka in the northeastern part . On the western margin, which corresponds to the present day Gulf of Cambay, the Hazad Formation transgresses the Olpad, while 35 m to 100 m of Cambay Shale is present in the eastern part of the Gulf of Cambay. This formation is mostly conformable to gradational and has intertounging relationships with underlying the Olpad Formation. It has and unconformable relationship with overlying Kalol Formation in the north part of the basin and the Ankleshwar Formation in the south. Cambay Shale is assigned to the Paleocene to Lower Eocene (Govindan, 1987). It is subdivided into the older Cambay Shale and Younger Cambay Shale. On the northeastern and western side of the Tankari depression, the Cambay Shale below Hazad base includes the following succession from top to bottom: 1) A monotonous fissile shaly interval, occasionally carbonaceous, 100 to 200 m thick deposited in low energy conditions. 2) A thickening upward silty interval often associated with a few meters thick coal seam. This interval is widely correlatable in the Jambusar-Broach block. 3) Another monotonous shale interval, often carbonaceous, thickening from 50 to 150 m in Nada Malpur area, to 700-800 m in Gandhar and Jambusar wells. 4) Deeper, the shales includes 9 to 12 layers of lithic dirty sands, 2 to 10 m thick. Stratigraphic Control The sands within Cambay Shale occur as isolated remnants encased laterally, underlying and overlying sediments within older Cambay Shale. The distribution varies from intercalations of sands and shale to scattered sand bodies. The sands are deposited in lagoonal to paludal environment. The Ankelshwar-Aliabet ridge (Figure 1) might have acted as a subaqueous barrier separating a shallow lagoon in the north from the open shallow sea in the south. These sands were transported a short distance and dumped into adjacent marshy lands. Review of Exploratory Data Extensive analysis of well data reveal broadly four distinctive sequences. In Nada area, the sands found deeper than 3600 m are argillaceous. On the other hand, three layers within older Cambay Shale are relatively clean and two sands, which were tested, flowed oil and gas (Figure 5). In South Malpur area well C drilled as much as 3107 m but did not reach the Olpad Formation. The lowermost sands were argillaceous and poorly sorted. These were tested but did not shown any flow. The sands present within older Cambay Shale are clean; when tested they flowed oil and gas. This is the only sand which produced oil at 10 m/d. In Bharkhodra area sand present within the interval 3050-3054 m had given little oil and gas (Figure 4). South of the study area in Gandhar, the two sands tested at 3900 m and 3600 m within Cambay Shale flowed little gas. The log evaluation of these sands shows 12 m of net sand thickness, porosity ranges from 15-20% and water saturation of hydrocarbon pay sands ranges from 60-70%. Depositional Environment Cambay shale in Broach-Jambusar area was deposited during the Paleocene to Middle Eocene in the axial part, while on the flanks it may be of Early Eocene age (Prakash, 1999). Cambay Shale in general was deposited in marginal marine conditions and occasionally in shallow inner netritic conditions which prevailed during the Early Eocene. In Jambusar-Gandhar area the Cambay Shale was probably deposited as lagoonal facies during the Paleocene. The shales were deposited during major marine transgression and the sands correspond to short sequential oxic episodes (Sharma, 1989). Seismic Facies Analysis The seismic events corresponding to this pack exhibit clinoforms, chaotic, wavy nature, downlaps, onlaps on underlying formation; the continuous and discontinuous events suggest that this pack may comprise of sand and shale alternations, deposited as low fill sediments as a separate system, ideally suited for hydrocarbon accumulations (Figure 6 and Figure 7). The high amplitude pack is sandwiched between two source rocks, namely Olpad and the overlying Cambay Shale (Figure 8). Evolution and Sedimentation History Broach bock is a deep syncline containing more than 6000 m of Cenozoic sediments (including more than 3500 m of Neogene). This is the maximum known thickness of sediments in the basin. The syncline is an asymmetrical sag with sedimentary thickness decreasing rapidly to the south towards the ENEWSW aligned Narmada fault and rather gently in all other directions. The Cambay Shale was deposited during the synrift to rift-fill stage. This phase corresponds to the formation of a system of NNWSSE horsts, grabens and semigrabens with examples of block tilting (Biswas, 1982). The intensity of the synrift tectonics diminishes progressively and became mild during Cambay Shale deposition, however with a minor phase which provoked a small angular unconformity at the limit between Older/Younger Cambay Shale. From the Middle Eocene to the end of Early Miocene, the Broach block remained quiescent with no more fault activity or block tilting, but only differential subsidence which provoked the formation of large-sized depressions (Dhar et al., 1987). The structure map at Y marker top (which is a very good seimic and log marker in the Younger Cambay Shale) indicates


Under the market-economy system,this paper analyzes and studies the dynamical organization of human resource management in dynamic collaboration enterprises of low carbon economy,low carbon technology and industrial technical characteristics in cooperative competition,optimize-allocation of the human resource structure and low carbon economy technology system,the abilities and comprehensive qualities of core leadership,controllability of management,etc.And it puts forward some beneficial opinions.


The chemical synthesis of a single glycosylated form of erythropoietin may help elucidate the functions of its sugars and tailor its properties. [Also see Report by Wang et al.] Most biologic therapeutics are large, complex molecules or heterogeneous mixtures of molecules that are manufactured in a living system (e.g., microorganism, plant cell, or animal cell) through recombinant DNA technology. Biologics are now being used to treat a wide range of diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, and diabetes. It is estimated that half of the top 100 best-selling medications will soon be biologics, with Roche's anticancer biologic Avastin and AbbVie's anti-inflammatory antibody Humira rivaling the success of Pfizer's small-molecule drug Lipitor (1). Biologics differ fundamentally from small-molecule drugs in terms of purity, composition, and production. Small-molecule drugs typically have homogeneous, well-defined structures that have been finely tuned with atomic-level precision via chemical synthesis. On page 1357 of this issue, Wang et al. (2) bridge the gap between biologics and small-molecule drugs by accomplishing the total chemical synthesis of the biologic erythropoietin (EPO) in a single, pure form.


The hydrogen sensitivity of catalytic metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) devices has been known for almost 30 years [1,2]. With Pd or Pt as the metal gate the electronic properties of the device a ...


Providing with example of library construction,the paper discusses how to realize the ideas of Human-oriented and Reader First by various detailed innovative designs in library construction practice.


Photoswitchable molecular devices based on dimethyldihydropyrene (DHP) and cyclophanediene (CPD) isomers in gold junctions have been systematically studied by using first-principles calculations. The reaction pathways for the forth- and back-isomerization between DHP and CPD have been explored. It is found that along the ground state, the calculated barrier for the back-isomerization from CPD to DHP is as high as 23.2 kcal/mol. The forth- and back-isomerization on excited state was found to be much easier compared to that on the ground state. Our calculations have shown that the same conclusions about the reaction pathways can be drawn for the DHP/CPD derivatives that were experimentally studied. It is revealed that the thermal stability of the molecular switch can be significantly enhanced when certain substitutions are employed. A desirable substitution that gives a larger ON/OFF ratio and higher thermal stability is proposed for these isomeric systems. We have also found that the electrode distance has...


A dramatic increase in foreign adoptions in this country over the past ten years and an ever-growing demand have raised complex new policy issues on both national and local fronts. While adoptive applicants seem motivated by concern for the plight of orphaned or abandoned children in developing countries, child-welfare spokesmen have publicly warned of the risks involved and have challenged the advisability of removing children from their native lands. At the same time, local public and private agencies, confronted with a surge of home-study requests from applicants for foreign children, have been uncertain whether or how to respond. The customary focus on the child in adoption planning becomes inappropriate when this responsibility falls completely beyond the jurisdiction of U.S. agencies. In an effort to bring some order to a subject replete with philosophical and practical dilemmas, the author examines the most common criticisms of intercountry adoption, attempts to provide a broader factual basis of understanding, and offers some suggestions for a constructive approach by the social work profession.


In order to analyze the welfare effects of price changes in input markets - following for example a price-fixing conspiracy - economists have studied the relationship between the surplus measured in the input markets and the surplus in the output markets. The latest results hinge on simplifying assumptions, which are relaxed here by linking the input markets surplus question to another stream of literature, which characterizes functions that oligopolists collectively, yet unintentionally, maximize. It is shown that the area under the input demands is equal to the change in a function for which critical points coincide with the equilibria of the downstream game. A particular case of these functions is the exact potential function.


Crossing experiment of 62 combinations within and between genus of Magnoliaceae were made in the Kunming Botanical Garden based on the conventional methods of crossbreeding. Results revealed that in the same genus, the cross-compatibility commonly exists in Magnoliaceae, except the intersubgeneric combinations (between subgenus Magnolia and Yulania ) in the genus Magnolia . The crossbreeding combinations between different genera showed that the cross-compatibility does not exist, except those between Magnolia and Parakmeria . These experiments proved the presence of reproductive isolation between genera but absence within genus. The results of cross-compatibility experiments also support the classification system of Magnoliaceae, which was established in terms of morphological characteristics. On the other hand, it is proposed that Parakmeria and subgenus Magnolia should be incorporated into the genus Magnolia , while the subgenus Yulania should be separated from the genus Magnolia and treated as an independent genus, Yulania .


The total area coverage by starspots is of interest for a variety of reasons, but direct techniques only provide estimates of this important quantity. Sunspot areas exhibit a lognormal size distribution irrespective of the phase of the activity cycle, implying that most sunspots are small. Here we explore the consequences if starspot areas were similarly distributed. The solar data allow for an increase in the fraction of larger sunspots with increasing activity. Taking this difference between the size distribution at sunspot maximum and minimum, we extrapolate to higher activity levels, assuming different dependences of the parameters of the lognormal distribution on total spot coverage. We find that, even for very heavily spotted (hypothetical) stars, a large fraction of the spots are smaller than the current resolution limit of Doppler images and hence might be missed on traditional Doppler maps.


Au–Ag and Au–Cu nanoparticles of various compositions were synthesized in chloroform and their physical properties were characterized by employing various techniques such as UV-Visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The synthesized alloy nanoparticles of diameter ca. 3 nm exhibit characteristic photoelectron spectra and linear optical properties. The nonlinear optical properties of the alloy nanoparticles were also investigated in the surface plasmon absorption region by the degenerate four wave mixing technique.


Born to Crime is the type of book which presents an almost overwhelming paradox for this reviewer. On the one hand, a basic tenet of the book is quite reasonable-biological bases of behavior are important concerns. On the other hand, the almost exclusive focus of the book on biological foundations of behavior tends to ignore the tremendous complexities existing between genotypes and phenotypes. Thus, the reviewer applauds an attempt to make biology more salient while cringing at the potential recurrence of another addition to the nature-nurture cul-de-sac.


e16168Background: Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NET) are a heterogenous group of neoplasm originating from the neuroendocrine system of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. ...


At the Triological Society section meeting of the combined otolaryngology spring meeting in Palm Beach, Fla, Dr Zinreich and colleages, The Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, have studied 212 patients utilizing three-dimensional reconstructions from two-dimensional computed tomographic scans and 212 patients with various head and neck pathologic states, including congenital anomalies of the calvarium, maxillofacial trauma, laryngeal trauma and tumors, sinusitis, and even cochlear implantation. The techniques used are not new, nor were their applications. The three-dimensional reconstructions are interesting to view, but seldom provide any new detail that is not already apparent on the better images produced by conventional computed tomography and/or plain films. The only exception to the foregoing were some examples of delayed reconstruction of the ramus and body of the mandible, which were performed using mirror image and fusion techniques to produce an accurate whole mandible from a remaining hemimandible. According to the authors, the


Wild birds captured with mist‐nets for study purposes should be released and returned to the wild as soon as possible to reduce the stress of being handled. Studies of migratory birds involving mist‐netting for 24h/day may result in diurnal birds being caught late in the day and kept overnight. This may be particularly detrimental to migrants stressed by migratory flight and to sedentary birds during reproduction. The closure of mist‐nets in the evening may avoid these problems, but is believed to severely reduce the amount of data collected. In this study we show that the evening closure of mist‐nets does not translate into a significant reduction in captures of migrants because the number of migrants captured in the evening is low, and the reopening of mist‐nests before sunrise does not reduce the captures in the following diurnal hours. The evening closure of mist‐nets reduced disturbance because it avoided keeping both, nocturnal migrants (including those which were about to leave the study area) and sedentary birds overnight. Therefore, mist‐nets may be closed in the evening without jeopardising the success of a study. The loss of data caused by the evening closure of mist‐nets may however be significant for the few species with partially or completely crepuscular activity such as the Nightingale, Luscinia megarynchos.


Summary An example of building a velocity model of the upper part of a seismic-geological section is given. Under the model constructing the times of the first arrivals of refracted waves are used. The created model is applied in the problem of static correction, but it can also be utilized for data migration. To improve the efficiency of the proposed technological solution, the methods of machine learning, ray seismic tomography and factors decomposition are used.


Surface-active substance (SAS) films play an important role for an interpretation of remote sensing of the ocean surface. A review is presented of the results of the theoretical and experimental (as laboratory well as nature) studies. The physical properties of thin (monomolecular and composite) organic films on the water surface have been studied with accent on the main mechanical characteristics: film pressure and film elasticity (Young modules). These values are responsible for the variations of the dispersive properties of gravity-capillary waves, in particular, the growth of decrement of these waves with the film presence, and the appearance the second type of waves on the water surface covered by thin film-the Marangoni waves. Usually marine films are composed of organic molecules and their specific properties such as hysteresis, connection between the film elasticity and the concentration of the organic matter in the subsurface microlayer and the wind velocity have been observed. A mathematical model of surface film hysteresis is proposed. The exact dispersion relations for linear waves on a fluid surface covered by a film have been obtained and calculated numerically for a wide range of the viscosity and elasticity. The nonlinear theory of the surfactant film effects on short wind ripple within the kinetic equation for the wind wave spectrum is proposed and the results of corresponding field and laboratory tests are reported. The theory of the surface manifestation of internal waves due to surfactant films based on a nonlinear model of the interaction between short wind waves and the current field induced by internal waves, taking into account real properties of the surfactants, is developed.


Objectives: This study analyzed the antibacterial effects of LGEE and LGEO against P. gingivalis, thus the potential utility was evaluated as the functional materials for oral healthcare.
Methods: Nitric oxide (NO) assay and cytotoxicity were analyzed by the Griess reaction and WST-1 assay, respectively. Antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis was evaluated by disk diffusion method and proliferation inhibition assay.
Results: LGEO and LGEE significantly inhibited NO production as well as the proliferation of P. gingivalis in a dose dependent manner.
Conclusions: LGEO and LGEE inhibited potently NO production and P. gingivalis proliferation, which means they could be used as a numerous lines of functional materials for improving oral health.


Objective We retrospectively analyzed the usage of amiodarone in the past 20 years in China,to investigate clinical features and adverse drug reaction(ADR)and measures of avoidance;to evalu- ate the benefit and risk of amiodarone in the treatment of arrhythmia.Method Clinical databases were col- lected through"The Chinese technological periodical base",and analyzed by SPSS11.5 software according to the common criteria.The benefit and risk of amiodarone were evaluated by means of systematic literature re- views.Result There were 113 related literatures altogether,including 5806 cases and 1384 ADR cases.ADR involved in many systems,such as cardiovascular system,digestive system,thyroid,skin,neurologic system, respiratory system,eye,and so on.Severe ADR were reported,including 4deaths and 4 syncopes.Conclu- sion The benefit and risk evaluation shows amiodarone in treatment of arrhythmia has more effect than risk. but ADR can not neglected such as bradycardic,low blood pressure,thyroid dysfunction,pulmonary toxicity.


The main chemical composition of Sonoran propolis (SP), as well as its antiproliferative activity on cancer cells via apoptosis induction has been reported 1 . Additionally, the chemical constitution of SP remained qualitatively similar throughout the year, whereas the antiproliferative effect exhibited significant differences amongst seasonal samples 2 . The goal of this study was to authenticate the botanical source of SP bioactivity by using an approach based on a chemical comparative analysis, antiproliferative activity and cell cycle progression analysis on cancer cell lines. The polyphenolic profile of SP throughout the year resulted to be qualitatively similar to that of Populus fremontii resins (PFR). However, the antiproliferative activity of PFR did not consistently match that exhibited by SP. In addition, SP induced evident morphological modifications (elongation) on treated cells, different to those induced by PFR. Most of cancer cells treated with SP were arrested in G 2 /M checkpoint (M12.C3.F6: 94.8±1.7 %, and HeLa cells: 70.8±5.7 %), similarly as colchicine did (control drug; 2 µM; 94.8±2.3 % and 72.7±6.4 %, respectively). In contrast, PFR treatment increased cell population at G 0 /G 1 on both M12.C3.F6 (56.9±5.0 %) and HeLa cells (70.3±0.3 %), in comparison with dissolvent control. Interestingly, Ambrosia confertiflora resins induced morphological elongation and cell cycle arrest at G 2 /M on both M12.C3.F6 and HeLa cells, similarly as SP did. These results suggest that P. fremontii is the main plant origin of SP, nevertheless, A. confertiflora resins participate as a complementary source that enhances its bioactivity. Therefore, SP is a poplar-type propolis from subtropical semi-arid zones.


Background: There is controversy on the practical use of the glycaemic index (GI), often with reference to the responsibility of health professionals to only advise consumers when scientific evidence supports their recommendations. There are indications that low GI diets may improve health, but the strength of the evidence is not known. Objectives: The objective of this systematic review is to determine the strength of scientific evidence to encourage dieticians to incorporate the GI concept when planning diets. Design: A meta-analysis that is part of the systematic review was performed. We searched for randomised controlled trials with a crossover or parallel design published in English between 1981 and 2003, investigating the effect of low GI vs. high GI diets on markers for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The main outcomes were fructosamine, HbA,,, HDLcholesterol, LDLcholesterol, total cholesterol and triacylglycerols. Results: Literature searches identified 13 studies that met strict inclusion criteria. Low GI diets significantly reduced fructosamine by -0.1 mmollL (CI -0.20,0.00; P=0.05), HbA,, by -0.27% (CI -0.5,-0.03; P=0.03), LDL-cholesterol in type 2 diabetics by -0.24 mmollL (CI -0.45, -0.04; P=0.02) and total cholesterol by -0.33 mmol1L (CI -0.47,-0.18; P<0.0001) compared to high GI diets. No effects were observed in HDLc and triacylglycerols. Conclusion: This systematic review presents convincing evidence to recommend the use of the GI as a scientifically based tool to choose carbohydrate-containing foods to reduce total cholesterol and LDL-c concentrations and to improve overall metabolic control of diabetes.


Key Learning Points David James In recent times, the management of rectal cancer has evolved and a multimodal approach utilising selective combinations of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery are employed. Surgery may be local excision or proctectomy which in turn can be open, laparoscopic or robotic. Improvement in neoadjuvant treatment has demonstrated that some patients ultimately do not need to undergo surgery or may only require local excision of their tumour. However, this is a complex field where many treatment options exist and selecting the correct approach is reliant on accurate pre-operative staging and then tailoring treatments to each individual patient. It is imperative that patients are informed of the advantages and disadvantages of each approach allowing them to make an informed decision based on the evidence. It is also crucial that in treating rectal cancer, the surgical team has all these tools in their armamentarium in order to treat all stages of the disease. In the present case, the patient underwent maximal neoadjuvant treatment with chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy and ultimately required pelvic exenteration. The decision making in this process is truly multidisciplinary and requires many specialties and allied health teams to support the patient through this process.


This document provides data format information for the Met Office Hadley Centre (MOHC) and University of East Anglia (UEA) HadCRUT4 data. The document contains a file description which describes the ensemble filenaming convention, details of the NetCDF file structure, the variable abbreviations and corresponding names and the global attributes.

The document also describes the ensemble median and its uncertainty information.


The advent of globalisation has created a lot of opportunities for businesses, society and governments. Simultaneously, it has generated numerous challenges to the members of the global community. In this regard, the role of the government stays controversial. Growing dependence on the private sector in key areas such as health, education and aged care is restricting the capacity of the government to offer these services. In addition, with the declining tax rate, governments are patronising corporate entities and high income earners while deliberately reducing their own capacity of offering assistance to the deserving poor. The various civil society groups are now questioning the wisdom of government policy frameworks in alleviating the social divide and augmenting social protection for the poor and disadvantaged. This paper attempts to examine the role of the civil society to create awareness about this important issue and to persuade governments to frame and implement more effective social protection policy without undermining the need for a viable social security net. It also calls for a consultative approach conforming to democratic norms and principles. A tentative framework has been introduced linking government policy, social protection and civil society. A set of implications for civil society organisations, corporate entities and governments follows.


Karrer, Euler and Rydbom 1 have demonstrated that carotene has provitamin A properties for the chicken but that xanthophyll is without effect in this regard. Evidence has been presented by Capper 2 that carotene is converted to vitamin A by the chicken. The present experiment was an attempt to confirm the results of Karrer and his associates and to extend the study to include chlorophyll. In addition a study was made of the uric acid 3 content of the blood, it having been observed in earlier studies that this constituent increases in amount in the vitamin A deficient condition. Newly-hatched White Wyandotte chicks were placed upon a vitamin A deficient ration: 52.5% white corn, 20% wheat middlings, 10% dried skim milk, 10% meat scrap, 5% wheat bran, 0.5% sodium chloride, 1% calcite flour and 1% steamed bone meal. Sufficient irradiated ergosterol was used to protect against leg weakness. On this ration retardation of growth begins between 3 and 4 weeks of age. The pigments were dissolved in ethyl laurate and dilutions made with cottonseed oil. The daily allowance of each pigment was 0.03 mg. by capsule. Supplementation with carotene (M.P. 170°-173°) began at 26 days, with xanthophyll (M.P. 173°), at 27 and with chlorophyll at 31 days. An immediate growth response took place when carotene was fed but the birds which received the xanthophyll and the chlorophyll not only failed to grow, but lost weight and died within 2 weeks. Their behavior was essentially that of the non-supplemented control group. Nine or more individuals were used in each group.


The invention relates to an eccentric node of an unfoldable structure of a pantograph. The eccentric node comprises a first node body and first rod element rotating shafts, wherein the first node body is formed by sequentially connecting four L-shaped plates by using an end point at one ends of the four L-shaped plates as a connection point according to a position relationship that one L-shaped plate uses the connecting point as the center to clockwise rotate for 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 170 degrees for being coincident with the other three L-shaped plates, the first rod element rotating shafts for connecting each L-shaped plate with the adjacent L-shaped plates are respectively arranged in each L-shaped plate, and the adjacent rod element rotating shafts are mutually vertical. After the eccentric node is combined with pantograph rods, a space between the pantograph rods after the pantograph rods are folded into bundles is only the same as the wall thickness of a thin plate, the total size of the whole foldable structure is reduced after the folding, and the accommodating rate of the foldable structure is greatly improved. The eccentric node has the advantages that the manufacture process of the eccentric node is simple, the cost is low, in addition, the use is convenient, the appearance is attractive, and the batch production can be realized.


Amphibious aircraft is a multi-function aircraft which can be operated on land and water. This type of aircraft helps transportation sector due to its ability to reach remote areas. Indonesia as the largest archipelago in the world has problems in connecting remote areas. Land transportations and conventional aircraft have difficulties to reach remote areas due to lack of facility. Hence, small aircraft capable of operating on land or water with take off and landing distance less than 1000 m are required. This study conducted take off simulation and analysis for DHC-6 Twin Otter Series 400 equipped with twin float. It tries to propose a simpler method to initiate the analysis of take of performance for float planes with limited data constraints. Several programs were used to generate required data, such as DatCom and SolidWorks. Float plane take-off simulation used in this research utilized Gudmundsson's method. Results showed that the method is suitable and correctly produce take off distance and time similar to those of the real aircraft. Aircraft weight and thrust affect take-off distance and required time, as well as hydrodynamic forces produced. Reduction of weight 10% reduces the distance approximately 17%, while 10% thrust reduction increases take off distance about 15%. In the future this research will be expanded to include other float shapes and sizes, as well as flying boats.


Some features of the Shaanxi climate during the past 40 years are shown by the investigation of the characteristics of the temperature,precipitation based on the data of 96 stations in Shaanxi which are the most complete station data sets in Shaanxi processed by the National Meteorological center recently.(1) The average temperature of Shaanxi increases most obviously since middle 1980's after a long-term low temperature period in the later 1960's.The temperature in the west Shanbei increases most obviously in winter and decreases obviously in summer.The extreme temperature increases obviously especially in the later 1990's.(2) The total amount of the rainfall in Shaanxi has the slight decrease trend the total rainfall amount increases most obviously in winter and decreases most obviously in summer since 1990's,especially in the west Guanzhong.(3) The average yearly and quarterly temperature has an obvious interdecadal climate jump and the jump point happened in 1985,5~7 years later than the jump point in China and 1 year later than the jump point in the Northwest region.


In this paper, the stability analysis of a single-layer latticed shell structure is presented using ABAQUS, with the geometric nonlinearity considered. The load-displacement curves are calculated according to the elastic and elasto-plastic hypothesis respectively. The ultimate bearing capacity of the structure and its conceivable damage mode are estimated. Finally, the nonlinear stability of this structure is assecced and the further suggstions for improving the structural performance are presented.


Foam greatly reduces the mobility of gas in porous media, both by increasing the effective viscosity of the gas phase and by trapping a substantial fraction of the gas in place. Mechanistic models ...


In this paper, research on a CO catalytic gas sensor based on nano-crystalline perovskite oxide NdFeO 3 designed for exhaust gas measurement is presented. Nano-crystalline oxide NdFeO 3 was synthesized by a sol–gel citrate technique. The gas sensing characteristics of this sensor were investigated in the concentration range of CO between 0 and 5 vol.% in air. The influences of C 3 H 8, C 4 H 16 gases, relative humidity and air-flow rate on the cross-sensitivity of the CO sensor were also studied.


Background and objectives: External apical root resorption is one of the proposed sequels of fixed orthodontic appliances used for the treatment of different types of malocclusions specially class II. Many factors may be involved in the etiology and severity of such resorption. This study is conducted to explore the prevalence of root resorption and specify the most possible causative factors during orthodontic treatment.
Method: Records of 103 patients (case sheet, panoramic and cephalometric radiograph) with class II malocclusion were retrieved from private clinics and dentistry college clinics. Patients with planned premolar extractions and 2-phase protocol for space closure were involved in the study. The pre- and post-treatment panoramic radiographs were evaluated for external apical root resorption using a scoring method proposed by Levander and Malmgren The effect of variables like age, gender and duration of the treatment on external root resorption were studied.
Results: Statistical analysis showed that age and gender has insignificant relation with root resorption. A highly significant relation found between the severe external apical root resorption and the duration of treatment.
Conclusion: External apical root resorption is highly associated with long-term duration treatment protocols.


Simple Summary Around 10–15% of breast cancer diagnoses are invasive lobular cancers (ILC), and they are currently treated in a similar way to the more common invasive ductal cancer (IDC), although they display different characteristics. The main objective of this study was to identify any differences in outcome following chemotherapy treatment between ILC and oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2−) IDC. Results from the analysis show worse survival in patients with ER+HER2− ILC after chemotherapy compared to ER+HER2− IDC, even after correcting for tumour size, grade, age, and nodal involvement at presentation, suggesting a worse response to chemotherapy in ILC. Thus, recommendations for chemotherapy treatment should be considered separately for the two subtypes. However, this association should be studied in a larger population to confirm this finding. Abstract Invasive lobular breast cancer (ILC) accounts for 10–15% of breast cancers and has distinct characteristics compared with the more common invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Studies have shown that ILC may be less sensitive to chemotherapy than IDC, with lower rates of complete pathological response after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, but it is not clear how this affects long-term survival. Patients at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust between 1975 and 2016 diagnosed with ER+ IDC or ER+ ILC were eligible for inclusion. Kaplan–Meier plots and Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used for analysis. There was no difference in overall survival comparing ER+ ILC to ER+ IDC (OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.04) with a median follow-up time of 8.3 years compared to 8.4 years in IDC. However, ER+HER2− ILC had worse survival compared to ER+HER2− IDC in those that received chemotherapy (OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.01). Here, median follow-up time was 7.0 years in ILC compared to 8.1 years in IDC. These results indicate worse overall survival after chemotherapy (neo-adjuvant and adjuvant) in ILC compared to ER+HER2− IDC even when correcting for tumour grade, age, size, and nodal involvement, but validation is needed in a larger study population.


Basically the quality of human resources that owned by BMH employees branch of Surabaya is different. Islamic working environment would be a little more influence their motives in the work so that in the end the result is within their Islamic work ethic with Islamic values will be shown. This study aims to determine the effect of the quality of their human resources employees of Baitul Maal Hidayatullah branch of Surabayaagainst the Islamic work ethic.Is Islamic work ethic assessment results are influenced by the quality of human resources in the work. In carrying out this study the authors used a quantitative approach with a simple linear regression analysis model. The samples in this study were all employees of Baitul Maal Hidayatullah branch of Surabaya obtained saturation sampling method. Under this method obtained 42 employees. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires human resource quality and work ethic of Islam to employees.  The results of this study indicate that the quality of human resources affect the work ethic of employees Baitul Maal Hidayatullah Islamic Branch of Surabaya.


Monoethyl fumarate was synthesized with maleic anhydride and ethanol as raw materials, aluminium trichloride as catalyst. The effects of esterification temperature, isomerization catalyst, isomerization temperature and reaction time to the yield were studied. The results showed that the yield of monoethyl fumarate was 85% and the purity was over 99%.


We have proposed a new concept for solid insulation; an application of FGM (functionally graded materials). By controlling the distribution of dielectric permittivity inside solid insulators, we can achieve the efficient field control with keeping simple configuration of solid insulators. In this paper, we described a computer-aided optimization technique for the FGM solid insulators. By controlling the filler particle concentration in the matrix, an optimized field distribution is obtained. From the calculation results, we confirmed that the proposed optimization method could obtain novel distributions of permittivity, which have the highest performance of the field control effect. Finally, we could confirm the significant effect of FGM application for gas/solid composite insulation system


This article is by LSE MSc student Jon Ray During the emerging sports analytics era, human performance has increasingly been reduced to statistical likelihoods and skill indicators. The humanity in participation is losing its significance. In the NBA, athletes, like James Harden have epitomized this shift. Commentators would have once called him an 'assassin' or some other hyperbolic, emotional phrase, but he's now called 'efficient'. Sports are being reduced to their observable and quantifiable parts.


The aim of this study was to assess the utility of fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in the diagnosis and treatment planning of the lesions of the salivary gland.


We present 20-Gbps wireless ASK data transmission at 300 GHz with an all-electronic transmitter and receiver for KIOSK instant data downloading applications. The transmitter and receiver MMICs are based on 70-nm indium-phosphide-based high electron mobility transistor technologies of which the cut-off frequency (fmax) is approximately 700 GHz. For an experiment, the transmitter and receiver were packaged in a split-block waveguide and dedicated metallic housing, respectively. With 30-dBi and 25-dBi horn antennas for the transmitter and receiver, error free data transmission (bit error rate <; 1 × 10-9) was achieved up to 80-cm link distance.


This paper summarizes the calculation and evaluation model of anti-cracking ability of concrete at home and abroad.Through synthesizing the relevant factors,analysis model of anti-cracking ability of concrete is established for the first time,and meanwhile,considering the time-change of concrete,evaluation model of anti-cracking of concrete and its structure are es-tablished,and adopting Kac as mathematical parameter on anti-cracking performance of concrete.Choose representative con-crete mixture proportions,such as flying ash,blast furnace slag,silica fume,expansion agent,shrinkage-reducing agent,Polypropylene fibre etc.Kac of them are calculated respectively.It is concluded that FA,slag,fibre,SRA and SRA+EA can improve anti-cracking performance,but silica fume can decrease anti-cracking performance by comparison on Kac,and among them,whiling to use shrinkage-reducing agent and expansion agent with combination can promote effectively anti-cracking performance of concrete.The calculation results of Ka c are in according with that of restraint-cracking experiments such as big-small steel rings,flat-restraint.However,if the early curing of concrete is inadequate by using expansion agents,the trend of Kac maybe reduced.


algebra absurdity of nature addition of velocities algebra, abstract algebra Anderson, Carl D. angular momentum, conservation of antimatter discovery of lack of matter-antimatter asymmetry antineutrinos astrophysics dark energy dark matter and Standard Model asymptotic freedom atomic bomb project. See Manhattan Project atomic hypothesis atomic model of gases, probabilities atoms periodic table of elements splitting structure of. See also nuclear force axions Bacon, Francis Bardeen, William baryons Eightfold Way in quark model Bell, John S. beryllium, atomic structure beta decay beta rays big bang model and dark matter quark-gluon plasma and string theory Bohr, Niels BooNE (Booster Neutrino Experiment) Born, Max boron, atomic structure bosons bottom quarks bound states of quarks and gluons Boyle, Robert buckyballs, wave nature of Cabibbo angle Capra, Fritjof (The Tao of Physics) CDF detector at Fermilab Cerenkov radiation charge. See electric charge charge conjugation charm quarks charmonium chemical elements periodic table spectral analysis chemical reactions, fixed proportions of chemistry, physical chemistry circle, symmetry of classical physics atomic hypothesis fields in harmonic oscillator local approach versus global approach particles in predictions of the future worldview of cloud chambers, detection of positrons color confinement color of quarks asymptotic freedom conservation of color symmetry computer analogy (Standard Model) conservation. See also mass-energy equivalence of angular momentum of energy of leptons of mass of momentum of quark color and symmetry constant velocity equation continuous symmetry. See also rotational invariance; space shift invariance; time shirt invariance Conversi, Marcello cosmic rays cosmological constant (in general relativity equations) coupling constants CP symmetry Cronin,J.W. curvature of spacetime cyclotrons Dalton, John dark energy dark matter Davis, Raymond Davisson, Clinton De Broglie, Luis-Victor Pierre-Raymond decay of kaons of protons definite proportions, law of delta particles (Eightfold Way) delta-zero particles in quark model Democritus destructive interference detectors in particle accelerators dice-rolling, randomness of diffraction dimensions of string theory, hiding Dirac equation electron precession pair production Dirac, P.A.M. discrete symmetry dodecahedron, symmetry of down quarks dynamics Dyson, Freeman E=mc2 equation Eightfold Way Einstein, Albert cosmological constant general relativity incompleteness of quantum mechanics photoelectric effect special relativity elastic scattering electric charge conservation during beta decay of electrons negative electric charge positive electric charge of protons of quarks and SO( 10) symmetry symmetry electric fields electric force electricity as branch of physics combining with magnetism interactions law of universal electricity photoelectric effect static electricity electromagnetic field theory electromagnetic waves electron-positron annihilation in QED electron-volts electrons. See also energy levels; QED accelerating atomic structure beta decay beta rays charge "death spiral," Dirac equation electric charge symmetry Feynman diagrams for interactions Feynman's electron path theory long-distance correlations between mass pair production Pauli exclusion principle as positrons traveling forward in time precession properties of spin as waves Wheeler's theory elementary particles. See particles energy in beta decay conservation of creating particles from dark energy and lifetime and mass particle-antiparticle annihilation Planck energy solar energy vacuum energy energy levels and periodic table of elements in quantum mechanics energy-time uncertainty principle eta particles in quark model exclusion principle. See Pauli exclusion principle expansion of the universe experimental evidence glueballs Higgs particles muon magentic moment neutrino oscillations nuclear force pentaquarks QCD QED quark-gluon plasma quarks string theory W particles Z° particles families Faraday, Michael Fermat, Pierre de Fermi, Enrico beta decay beta radiation Manhattan Project neutron decay fermions mass of in Standard Model symmetry with bosons Feynman diagrams asymptotic freedom for QCD and Lagrangian function for Standard Model Feynman, Richard absurdity of nature electron path theory incomprehensibility of quantum mechanics least action principle Manhattan Project personality of Pocono conference QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter scaling Wheeler's electron theory field picture (electric interactions) fields. See also quantum fields; quantum mechanics; waves in classical physics electric fields magnetic fields in quantum mechanics and symmetry versus particles fine structure fine-structure constant Finnegan's Wake (Joyce) Fitch. flavors of quarks force picture (electric interactions) fractional electron charges frame of reference Franklin, Benjamin free particles, quarks as free will Fritsch, Harold Fuller, Buckminster fundamental particles. See also partides future predictions Galileo gallium, discovery of gamma rays gauge theories Gell-Mann, Murray Eightfold Way personality of quark model strange particles general relativity cosmological constant limits of and string theory geometrical invariance. See invariance Georgi, Howard germanium, discovery of Glashow, Sheldon global approach (classical physics) versus local approach glueballs gluon-exchange interaction gluons color conservation color symmetry of quarks Feynman diagrams glueballs as massless intermediate particles quark-gluon plasma grand unified theories. See GUTs gravitons gravity law of universal grativation omission from Standard Model and string theory and supersymmetry as weakest force Greek atomic theory Grimaldi, Francesco Gross, David ground state Guth, Alan GUTs (grand unified theories) matter-antimatter asymmetry supersymmetric GUTs symmetry of handedness of particles harmonic oscillators quantum fields as and quantum mechanics and spontaneous symmetry breaking Hartle, James Hawking, Stephen Heisenberg uncertainty principle Heisenberg, Werner helium, atomic structure Helmholtz, Herman von Hertz, Heinrich Higgs bosons, Feynman diagrams for interactions Higgs fields and dark matter Higgs particles experimental evidence in inflationary universe model in Standard Model Higgs, Peter Higgsinos Hilbert, David history of nuclear force of strong nuclear force of weak force theory Hooft, Gerard 't Hubble, Edwin Huygens, Christian hydrogen, atomic structure ideal gas law ignorance is strength principle inelastic scattering infinities inflationary universe model inflatons information wave, quantum field as infrared radiation interactions coupling constants in Standard Model interference, electrons as waves intermediate particles, Feynman diagrams for interactions invariance. See also symmetry isospin isotopes J/psi particles, discovery of Joyce, James (Finnegan's Wake) kaons kinetic theory of thermodynamics knowledge, limitations on Lagrangian function for Standard Model Lagrangian values lambda-zero particles Large Electron Positron Collider (LEP) lattice QCD Lawrence, Ernest O. laws conservation of energy definite proportions ideal gases Lorentz force universal electricity universal gravitation least action principle Lederman, Leon Lee, Tsung-Dao left-handed neutrinos left-right symmetry in Standard Model LEP (Large Electron Positron Collider) lepton number, conservation in beta radiation leptons conservation of preon models quark model in Standard Model Leucippus Lewis. S. (Perelandra) Lie groups Lie, Sophus lifetime and energy and particle decay of protons light. See also speed of light as electromagnetic wave nature of as particles photoelectric effect Snell's law spectral analysis as waves Linde, Andrei line spectrum linear accelerators Liquid Scintillation Neutrino Detector (LSND) lithium, atomic structure local approach (classical physics) versus global approach local conditions Lorentz force law LSND (Liquid Scintillation Neutrino Detector) M-theory magnetic fields in cyclotrons and electromagnetic waves in synchrotrons Zeeman effect magnetic force, importance of magnetic moment magnetic monopoles magnetic ratio for electrons and protons magnetism as branch of physics combining with electricity Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search (MINOS) Manhattan Project mass changes in spontaneous symmetry breaking conservation of of electrons and energy of fermions of Higgs particles of neutrinos particle classification by mass-energy equivalence massive neutrinos, as dark matter massless particles mathematical equations, correlating with physical realities matter-antimatter asymmetry Maxwell's electromagnetic theory, and wave model of light Maxwell's equations Maxwell, James Clerk Mendeleev, Dmitri mesons Eightfold Way quark model Mexican hat potential Michelson, Albert microwaves Millikan, Robert Mini-BooNE (Mini Booster Neutrino Experiment) minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) Minkowski, Herman MINOS (Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search) mirror symmetry molecules as waves momentum motion of light principle of relativity special relativity, formulation of MSSM (minimal supersymmetric standard model) multiple universes, and quantum mechanics muons discovery of Feynman diagrams for interactions magnetic moment reclassification of weak force nature, absurdity of Ne'eman, Yuval negative electric charge negative energy in Dirac equation neutralinos neutrinos beyond Standard Model as dark matter Feynman diagrams for interactions left-handed neutrinos mass of right-handed neutrinos spin versus antineutrinos neutrons. See also nuclear force atomic structure beta decay decay of in quark model Newton, Isaac nodes Noether, Amalie Emmy Noether's theorem November Revolution of 1974 nuclear force. See also particles;strong force; weak force experimental evidence history of pion role in nucleons Oersted, Hans Christian omega-minus particles Oppenheimer, Robert


Minnesota was at the forefront of progressive civil rights in the 1960s through the middle 1980s, even more so than San Francisco. In 1971, Minnesota State Legislature passed a law requiring Minneapolis, St. Paul, and its suburbs to contribute just under half of the growth in their commercial tax revenues to a regional pool which would be distributed to tax-poor areas. This regulation was revolutionary; a plan like this has never been tried at the Met- ropolitan level (Minnesota, 2015). However, racial segregation in the Twin Cities is at an all-time high in the twenty first century. This racialized gap is due to many reasons: charter schools, open enrollment, loss of funding for inner city schools, and how the geography of residential segregation correlates to school segregation. But in 2009, the Institute on Race and Poverty at the University of Minnesota published a study on a possible solution. They drafted a hypothetical map with five school districts for the Twin Cities metropolitan area. These five districts are integrated and distribute the wealth and race evenly throughout the districts which will lead to all districts having appropriate funding, adequate educational programs, and the value of integration.


It is something of an occupational hazard for a critical feminist biologist, reviewing the various books which seek to reclaim women' s biology. Even more so when the book in question has received the media hype that Angier' s Woman has done. Over the years, I have encountered various versions of the reclamation effort. They have in common three themes: that we need to recognize, not reject, biology; that we should do so without recourse to biological determinism; and that feminist critics have got it wrong by rejecting biology out of hand. These are Angier' s starting points. In her introduction, she tells us how tired she is of being told that her feminism should not interfere with her seeing `reality' Ð that is, with what biology ordains. I am completely in agreement: yes, there are problems with rejecting biology altogether (as some social/feminist theory is wont to do). And yes, we must seek ways of acknowledging biology while eschewing determinism, even if the task is dif® cult: hormones and genes do things in the body, however much our understanding of them is mediated by culture. I am, however, much less in agreement with the third claim. Perhaps my response is partly sour grapes, because feminist biologists don' t usually get the media hypeÐ although we have been producing critiques which refuse to reject biology for many years. To be critical of the practice and content of science is not necessarily to dislike it, but to seek to develop better ways of understanding. To be sure, much feminist theory and criticism has ignored the biological body (see Birke, 1999), but that is not the only form of criticism; feminist biologists (among other critical biologists) have long offered


Objective:To study the reproducibility of QTd on computer analysis system plus human approval in.Methods:The subjects were 215 healthy adults. All subjects were recorded 12 leads of ECG simultaneously. The studying parameters QTd, QT, Tpe parameters were firstly resulted by an automated computer system, then corrected manually by two individual researchers with the help of a computer interface. The reproducibility of the data was calculated. Results: The relative error of QTd, QT, Tpe between two researchers were (20.75±14.41)%,(1.47±1.92)%,(6.69±8.88)% respectively; the relative error of QTd, QT, Tpe between automated computer system and manual participation were (36.54±17.52)%, (2.38±3.90)%, (6.15±5.94)% respectively. There was a significant difference in QTd and QT between results completely produced by the computer and that by computer with artificial participation, and between results produced by two individual researchers. However, there is no significant difference in Tpe.Conclusion:The reproducibility of QTd and QT produced by the automatic computer analysis system is poor. Using computer aided system with the manual intervention can improve the reproducibility of QTd and QT.


ABSTRACT In this article, we focus on compositional interaction design as an emergent professional practice in interaction design. We propose that compositional interaction design practice can be defined as a practice of knowing, mapping configuring, customizing and connecting elements to form larger compositional wholes. We demonstrate how this practice demands new compositional skills, new methods and a changed division of labours. We suggest that this contemporary practice can be understood in terms of how different computational components are integrated to form interactive products and services. We illustrate this new practice with two concrete examples. Our first example illustrates compositional interaction design at a small scale, whereas our second example illustrates compositional design at a larger scale. We also discuss how this emergent practice relates to other streams of development (e.g. craft-oriented HCI and human-centred design) and we discuss what implications this shift may have to interaction design educational programs aimed at preparing students for this emerging professional practice.


The size and weight of kernels of non-waxy and waxy isogenic lines of a variety Taichung 65 (17-time backcrossed) and their F1 plants were compared under different grain filling conditions in a glasshouse. After the hull (lemma and palea) developed fully In size 13 treatments, i.e, nitrogen top-dressing (two levels), rachls branch thinning (two levels), Ieaf blade cutting (four levels) and shading (five levels), were applied to the plants. Non-waxy and waxy isogenic lines and their F1 plants were grown m the same pot to mlnlnuze expenmental error, and two pots were employed for each tre-atment


The present research was carried out at the Samuel Ramírez Moreno psychiatric hospital, which aimed to describe the importance of recreational activities and aromatherapy for the treatment of psychiatric patients, the longitudinal qualitative study method a qualitative longitudinal cut study, involving 75% of patients with mental health. It is important to improve the quality of life of the patient, the activities aimed at stimulating their functionability, as well as to reduce the violence and stress that users constantly present during their hospital stay. The results showed that the recreational activities and aromatherapy produce cognitive stimulation, which is a set of pathways, forms, methods, and techniques that are effective in the functioning of capacities such as memory, language, and reasoning these functions are important to maintain intellectual skills in order to restore autonomy to the user. Its main benefits are physical and physiological: Expanding your body expression, stimulating concentration and mental agility, improving balance, increasing blood circulation This helps to release serotonin and endorphins. Recreational activities and aromatherapy are of utmost importance in the elderly, mainly in users with mental disorders so games are learning tools and cognitive activity as they stimulate the mind by forcing it to think and activate different skills in their daily life. Aromatherapy improves mood for relaxation, in situations of stress or anxiety has a soothing effect that facilitates relaxation and mental peace because essential oils can serve the balance between the right and left hemispheres.


Introduction. Seed Germination and Seedling Growth. Physiological Regulation of Vegetative Growth. Physiological Regulation of Reproductive Growth. Environmental Regulation of Vegetative Growth. Environmental Regulation of Reproductive Growth. Cultural Practices and Vegetative Growth. Cultural Practices and Reproductive Growth. Biotechnology. Subject Index.


Fixed restorations have become the routine dental procedures and the impressions play an important role in the final out come of these treatments. It always a challenge to chose an appropriate impression technique for indirect restorations. Hence an attempt is made to critically analyse different impression techniques for indirect restorations particularly fixed partial dentures. Also discussed about the impression trays and gingival displacement technique in this book.


Proton conductivity of Nation-117 membranes in the direction of thickness was measured in 30°C, 30-90% relative humidity, by means of 2- and 4-probe methods in thickness direction developed in this group. Heavy conductivity anisotropy of σ in-plane /σ thickness = 2.5-5 was found over the in-plane and thickness directions for membranes pretreated by hot-pressing at high temperature of 150°C and pressures of 1200 and 600 kgf/cm 2 , respectively. On the other hand, no conductivity fade was found for membrane pretreated at 0 kgf/cm 2 in the thickness direction compared to that in the plane direction. Small angle X-ray scattering measurements revealed ion domains flattened along the in-plane direction and ordered along the thickness direction. The origin of the persistent conductivity anisotropy is believed to come from the maximized potential energy barrier for ion transport in interaggregate along the thinned thickness direction.


The origins of cardiovascular disease (CVD) begin in childhood. The primary objective of this cross‐sectional cohort study was to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with congenital haemophilia A or B followed at Rady Children's Hospital San Diego Hemophilia and Thrombosis Treatment Center (HTC). We hypothesized that cardiovascular risk factors could be identified as part of a comprehensive clinic visit.


To solve the problem in the straight line segment extraction with traditional Hough transform(HT) in real image,an improved Hough-based method was presented,in which noises were suppressed by regression grid windows with two thresholds.In this method peaks in Hough space were used to extract straight line segments reversely,which were then connected into one line.In addition to traditional HT,a fusing course of maximum straight lines,false peaks elimination method and cross lines elimination method were added.The cross line segments were caused by peaks spreading in HT space.Experiment results show that the novel method can help extract perfect straight line segments from real image with strong yawp and disturbance and it is robust against discretization error,segment burst,and spatial information loss.The straight line extraction method,which focuses on the straight line corresponding to the local maxima in Hough space and takes the line segment corresponding to its neighboring peaks as supplement,displays higher accuracy and has practical significance in the vision guide technology.


UNAMUNO'S USE OF THE TERM "knight of faith" for his account of Cervantes's character Don Quijote in Vida de Don Quijote y Sancho, has linked the Spanish author with the Danish philosopher and theologian Søren Kierkegaard. In Fear and Trembling, Kierkegaard's pseudonym Johannes de Silentio uses the category of the "knight of faith" to distinguish the biblical Abraham from such figures as the "knight of infinite resignation" and the "tragic hero." That Unamuno's use of the term "knight of faith" reflected his reading of Kierkegaard's Fear and Trembling is certainly plausible. A perusal of Unamuno's copy of volume 3 of Kierkegaard's Samlede Værker containing Frygt og Bæven [Fear and Trembling], housed in the Casa Museo Unamuno in Salamanca, reveals that the margins are replete with Unamuno's Spanish and German glosses on Danish words. The volume also shows horizontal red dashes marking passages of particular interest.1 It is also noteworthy that Unamuno equates Abraham and Don Quijote in the following passage from Vida de Don Quijote y Sancho:


The technique of the automated precision parameters diagnostics of the compelled capillary disintegration of liquid jet is developed for the solution of heat-physical problems of receiving the stable monodisperse drop streams. The analysis of the images received from two digital cameras, located at the angle ninety degrees to each other is the basic of this procedure. One of cameras fixes the image of a drop flow in plane X, another - in plane Y. The minimum time of storing images is ∼0.1 microsecond. By means of specially developed software in the "on line" mode it is possible to process images and to determine the following parameters: jets speed, drops speed, jets length, jets diameter and drops diameter. Testing on objects with the known geometrical sizes confirmed working capacity and efficiency of the technique and the software. The relative error of parameters determination does not exceed 0.5% for jets with length of several millimeters. The developed technique and the software allow to increase the accuracy and reliability of parameters determination of compelled capillary disintegration of liquid jets and drop streams and expand possibilities of parameters control of setups for receiving monodisperse streams.


Polyadenylate (poly(A)) sequence present in 3' end of messenger RNA (mRNA) is thought to associate with stability, processing and transfer of mRNA. We5 previously showed that polyadenylation in vivo was lower in the seizure-susceptible El mouse brain than that in the seizurenonsusceptible ddY mice. The results suggest that loss of poly(A) tract present in El mRNA causes decreased protein synthes k 4 The present study was undertaken to elucidate the function of poly (A) in mRNA on protein synthesis of the El mouse brain. Polysomal RNA was prepared from the mouse brain by the method described prev i ~ u s l y . ~ Poly(A) mRNA and poly(A)RNA were separated by oligo (dT)cellulose chromatography. ' The reaction mixtures containing rabbit reticulocyte lysate, [?31 -methionine, 3 ,ug/ml poly(A) ' mRNA or 100 yg/ml poly(A) RNA and poly(A) tracts were incubated for 20 min at 37 "C.* Translation products were analyzed using SDS-PAGE by the method of ~aemmli.' Fig. 1A shows the effect of poly(A) tract on translation of poly(A)RNAs from the seizure-experienced El( + ), nonexperienced El(o), and ddY mouse brains. The translation activity of two Els was stimulated by a lower concentration than 3 ,ug/ml poly(A) and inhibited by higher than it, but ddY was stimulated by lower than 0.5 pg/ml. The molecular weight of translation products was the range between 20K and 67K dalton (Fig. 2A). No qualitative difference was observed between the two Els and ddY, but the major band appeared in a higher density in the two Els than the ddY. The translation activity of poly(A)+ mRNA in the two Els was stimulated by lower than 1 pg/ml poly(A), but it was inhibited in the ddY (Fig. 1B). The results of SDS-PAGE in the translation products are shown in Fig. 2B. There were no differences between the two Els and ddY. The present study showed that no difference was observed in the translation activities between poly(A)+ and poly(A)mRNAs from the brains in the two Els. A low poly(A) concentration was enhanced


This paper is concerned with the consensus of a system involving multiple underactuated autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). Combined with a dynamic event-triggered mechanism and a fixed-time stability theorem, the backstepping average consensus controllers are designed. Firstly, the new consensus control objective on the system for multiple underactuated AUVs in a body frame (BF) spherical coordinate system is proposed, and the tracking error kinematic equations are established based on the kinematic characteristics of the underactuated AUV. The fixed-time consensus controller is designed by the backstepping method, and the average consensus theorem is proposed to improve the Lyapunov function. Furthermore, the dynamic event-triggered mechanism is adopted to reduce the communication requirements and energy consumption. This is the first solution to the problem of a consensus controller design for a system of multiple underactuated AUVs. Finally, numerical simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method has superior effectiveness over alternatives.


Zoonotic diseases from aquatic animals have not received much attention even though contact between humans and aquatic animals and their pathogens have increased significantly in the last several decades. Currently, Edwardsiella tarda, the causative agent of Edwardsiellosis in humans, is considered an emerging gastrointestinal zoonotic pathogen, which is acquired from aquatic animals. However, there is little information about E. tarda pathogenesis in mammals. In contrast, significant progress has been made regarding to E. tarda fish pathogenesis. Undoubtedly, research about E. tarda pathogenesis in mammals is urgent, not only to evaluate the safety of current E. tarda live attenuated vaccines for the aquaculture industry but also to prevent emerging E. tarda human infections. Return to top


The homomorphism we have in mind has been introduced by Jaffard, [1],2 for lattice ordered groups, and has been discussed by Pierce, [2], for any distributive lattice L with a minimal element. It may be defined as the homomorphism a of L for which a(x) =a(y) if and only if the set of elements in L disjoint with x is the same as the set disjoint with y. Pierce has shown that this is the maximal lattice homomorphism of L whose kernel is [0], the set whose only element is 0, and that it is the only lattice homomorphism of L, with kernel [0], whose image is disjunctive. Jaffard called the elements of the image lattice (i.e., the equivalence sets of the homomorphism) filets in L, but we prefer the term carriers in L because of their role in function spaces. Our purpose is to obtain a characterization of a, which involves the group operation, for the case where L is the positive cone of an archimedean lattice ordered group. Jaffard has shown, in this case, that a has the following properties: (a) a: O implies a(a) >a(O). (b) a is a lattice homomorphism; i.e., a(aUb) =a(a)Ua(b), a(anb) a (xa) rxab) . (c) a(a+b) =a(aUb). We show that a has the additional property: (d) If x=sup [xi|iEI], then sup [a(xi)IiEI] exists and a(x) = sup [a(xifl|iEII]. PROOF. First, a(x) _a(xi) for all iEI. Suppose there is z>O such that a(z) >a(x,), for all iEI, but a(z) 0 such that a(w) ? a(x) and a(w)ra(z) =a(0). Then a(w)Oa(xi) =a(0), for all iEI. Let v=xCxw. Then a(v) =a(x) a(w) =a(w), and v>O. It follows that vqxi=O, for all iEI. Now, v


Semiconductor materials have technological and strategical importance, because they enable to obtain efficient and relevant devices in the globalized world. Silicon wafers are, therefore, largely used by different types of industry. So, studying their properties is important because these are closely related to their structure and dictate the best way of application. This work evaluates silicon wafer properties by a nondestructive ellipsometric characterization, which allowed us to assess the thin layer thickness deposited on the substrate and the interaction properties with the light for both layer and substrate.


ABSTRACT In the National Incident Management System (NIMS) Document dated March 1, 2004, all federal, state, local, tribal, private sector and non-governmental personnel with a direct role in emergency management and response were required to be NIMS and Incident Command System (ICS) trained. National standards for qualification and certification of emergency response personnel were established under NIMS to ensure that personnel possess the minimum knowledge, skills, and experience necessary to execute incident management and emergency response activities safely and effectively. Most recently documented in the National Response Framework, all mid-level managers of federal, state, and local governmental personnel are encouraged to complete ICS-300 and ICS-400 training in fiscal year 2007. Although these standards will greatly improve the ability for governmental personnel to respond in emergencies, private sector personnel are not regulated to participate in the same qualification and certification proces...


A diffusion radiation stagnation flow model of heat transfer to the forward dome internal insulator in aluminized solid rockets is presented. The dominant mode of heat transfer to the insulator surface is shown to be thermal radiation. Dimensionless heat flux is shown to be a function of three nondimensional parameters (in order of increasing sensitivity): wall-to-bulk fluid temperature ratio, conduction-radiation parameter, and boundary-layer optical thickness. The effect of anisotropic scattering by molten aluminum oxide particles on heat transfer is also investigated using the Monte Carlo method. Strong forward single scattering increases the net heat flux to the insulator surface over that for isotropic scattering. A method for converting anisotropic Mie scattering properties to effective isotropic properties that are equivalent for heat-transfer purposes is also presented.


Nowadays, the rapidly growing internet also brings more and more network attacks. Such attacks seriously affect normal activities and threaten individual privacy. Applying machine learning approaches makes the detection and response to network attacks faster and effective. In this paper, it aims to review many of the individual researches and looks forward to future changes and modifications based on existing model. In this paper, it collects and analyzes many previous researches utilizing Naïve Bayes and SVM (Support Vector Machine) approaches in detection to network attacks. Starting from basic data processing to the detailed explanations of each research and its result, this paper compares their differences and similarities. In this paper, it also discusses the introduction to Naïve Bayes classifier, SVM classifier, and fundamental concepts involving in result analysis. In the end of this paper, it also summarizes the overall machine learning application on network attack detection, and looks forward to the future.


GaAs based metamorphic and pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) under DC and thermal stress were studied. InAlAs/InGaAs MHEMTs grown on GaAs substrates were stressed at a drain voltage bias of 2.7V for 36 hours as well as thermally stressed at 250°C for 36 hours. Under both stress conditions, the drain current density decreased about 12.5%. The gate current, however, increased more after the thermal storage as opposed to DC bias. Reaction of the Ohmic contact with the underlying semiconductor was the main cause of degradation after thermal stressing. Transmission electron microscopy verified that gate sinking occurred in devices that underwent DC bias stressing. InGaAs pHEMTs that received a 1000 hour lifetime stress test from a commercial vendor showed similar degradation as virgin devices when stressed under DC bias for 24 hours. Virgin devices that were thermally stressed while undergoing DC bias showed minimal degradation up to 120°C, but exhibited catastrophic failure at 140°C.


Familial adenomatous polyposis causes death and disability which may be avoided or prevented by an effective genetic register. Such a register has been established in collaboration with the surgeons of the Northern Region of England with a genetic nurse responsible for family tracing and monitoring of follow up bowel examinations. Twenty-five families containing 50 living affected subjects were identified in the first year of the study. Forty of the 50 obligate carriers agreed to have indirect ophthalmoscopy to search for congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium. Multiple lesions were found in all cases ranging from two to greater than 20 in number. This single physical sign allowed almost complete segregation of gene carriers from 40 normal controls. This sign further erodes the distinction between FAP and Gardner's syndrome and enhances linkage studies by permitting expansion of existing pedigrees. Paediatric practice may be modified, such that children who lack eye signs may be spared bowel examination until adulthood. The Birmingham births study: ethnic group, conaninity, and perinatal mortality


In order to analyzing the requirements of restorable fragile watermarking on scrambling technology, this paper proposes a block-based chaotic sorting scrambling method. This method partitions watermark information into blocks, each of which is made different chaotic sorting transformation and moved to corresponding sub-block. The statistical results of contrast test show that this method not only makes every pixel have better displacement and high security, but also has nothing to do with selected key and improves image quality after recovering.


To find the metal hydride best for producing H− by thermal desorption, the desorption rates of H−, H2 and electron (e−) directly emitted from a powdery sample (∼1 mg) of NaH, LiH, MgH2, CaH2, SrH2, TiH2, ZrH2, KBH4, LiAlH4, or NaAlH4 heated up to ∼1000 K were determined simultaneously with a special system. Theoretical analysis of the experimental data thus achieved yields the following results. (1) Both H− and e− are emitted from those active spots (mainly consisting of alkali or alkali earth metal) created by thermal decomposition (e.g., LiH→Li+H2/2). (2) The active spots are readily destroyed and reconstructed by admission of H2 and by stopping the admission, respectively. (3) The work function (φ) of activated NaH is very low (∼2 eV), but NaH is rapidly depleted owing to its thermal instability. (4) Among the ten hydrides, CaH2 is concluded to be the best as a source material for thermal desorption of H− because activated CaH2 (φ≃5 eV) is most stable and strongest in H− (∼10−12 A or 10−10 A/cm2 after ...


The structure of the title compound, C13H10O4, which was synthesized by the reaction of salicylaldehyde and 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one in the presence of triethylbenzylammonium chloride in aqueous media, was previously determined at room temperature [March, Moreno-Manas, Roca, Germain, Piniella & Dideberg (1986). J. Heterocycl. Chem. 23, 1511–1153]. As in the present determination, the X-ray analysis revealed that the title compound is in the enol form, which was confirmed by 1H NMR data. Weak intermolecular C—H⋯O interactions connect molecules into a two-dimensional framework.


Modern calculation of a construction element's durability that is founded on the fracture mechanics, demands information about its defects. Such information may frequently be obtained using electromagnetic methods of nondestructive testing. Diffraction theory forms the basics for these methods. Taking into account a wide frequency range of sounding and the arbitrary geometry of defects and their location, we can perform computer modeling of wave interaction with material inhomogeneities. The axis-symmetric scalar diffraction problem is presented. The algorithm for solving such a problem is proposed. Our goal is to develop effective numerical algorithms for integral equation calculation using specially constructed quadrature formulas and interpolational polynomials. Pattern diagrams for plane wave incidences are given.


Triple differential cross sections (TDCS) are calculated for the ionization of water by electron impact. The TDCSs are determined in the scattering plane and in the plane perpendicular to the incident beam direction. The obtained theoretical cross sections are compared with very recent experimental measurements and other theoretical calculations.


A survey was undertaken to assess the awareness of practicing doctors regarding the common medicolegal issues faced during clinical practice. Fifty doctors were included in the study which was conducted by using a pretest questionnaire method, combined with a short interview. The questionnaire contained 10 questions related to consent, wound certification, poisoning cases, dead cases, dying declaration & Professional Secrecy.


Along with the deepening of reform,opening-up and higher education,relationship between teacher and student in institutions of higher education shows some new characteristics and problems,has been the important factor to restrict development and quality advance of higher education.In new time,constructing harmonious relationship between teacher and student is an important measure to build human resources power,as well as is a difficult subject,needs the concerted efforts of academia and all sectors of society.


Objective: Gestational diabetes and thyroid disorders are common disorders during pregnancy. This study investigated the relationship between gestational diabetes and thyroid hormone levels in pregnant women. Method: This single-center study was conducted by analyzing retrospectively 190 pregnant women who admitted to the private internal medicine clinic between March 2019 and December 2022. Ninety pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and one hundred pregnant women without GDM diagnosis were included in the study. The relationship between thyroid markers [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine hormone 4 (fT4)] and gestational diabetes was examined. Results: Results did not show a statistically significant association between case and control regarding age and body mass index (p-value >0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between groups regarding TSH (p-value <0.05). Also, results did not find a statistically significant association between the case and healthy pregnant women regarding fT4 (p-value >0.05). There was a statistically meaningful association between healthy women and women with GDM in terms of subclinical hypothyroidism frequency (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: TSH levels, fasting blood glucose and hypothyroidism are among the risk factors for the development of the gestational diabetes.


The use of automobiles is a major cause of worldwide environmental disruption, including global warming. Policies designed to curb the environmental impact of automobiles present tradeoffs that high school graduates should be prepared to evaluate. This article compares how a group of high school students and a group of specialists with expertise in transportation issues, climate change, or both evaluated two policies designed to ameliorate the impact of automobiles. The policies were a $1 per gallon gasoline tax and a "feebate" policy, which creates additional fees on the purchase of fuel-inefficient automobiles but offers rebates on the purchase of fuel-efficient vehicles. One goal of the study was to identify knowledge and beliefs that students bring to the task as well as to identify misconceptions they may have. Another goal was to identify knowledge used by the specialists that may be accessible or useful to high school students.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate and compare the effects of 3-hour versus 6-hour daily training sessions in constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT).

DESIGN
Intervention study, 2-group randomized trial; baseline, pretreatment, and posttreatment measures; 1-month follow-up (weekly measures).

SETTING
University department of psychology in Germany.

PARTICIPANTS
A convenience sample of 15 adults with chronic hemiparesis (13 stroke, 2 traumatic brain injury).

INTERVENTION
CIMT (14 consecutive days; constraint of unaffected hand for a target of 90% of waking hours) with either 6 hours (6h/d group, n=7) or 3 hours (3h/d group, n=8) of shaping training with the affected hand per day.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The Motor Activity Log and Wolf Motor Function Test.

RESULTS
Significant improvements in motor function in the laboratory and increased use of the affected hand in the real-world environment were found in both groups. The beneficial effects were significantly greater in the 6h/d group than in the 3h/d group.

CONCLUSION
The 3-hour CIMT training schedule significantly improved motor function in chronic hemiparesis, but it was less effective than the 6-hour training schedule.