Objective To validate the significance of the three risk groups(Solsona,Ornellas and European Association of Urology risk groups) in predicting the risk of lymph node metastases in Chinese patients with penile cancer.Methods Data of 110 patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma with clinical node-negative manifestations were retrospectively reviewed.All patients underwent surgical resection of the primary focus and lymphadenectomy.The predictive accuracy of each risk classification was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve.The area under curve was calculated and compared with the method of bootstrap.Results Of the 110 patients,26(23.6%) had lymph node involvement.According to Solsona risk stratification,the risk of lymph node metastases were 5.9%,17.0% and 65.2% in low,intermediate,and high risk group,respectively.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that Solsona risk group achieved highest predictive accuracy(area under curve = 0.79),which was significantly better than that of the Orenallas and European Association of Urology risk groups.Conclusions Solsona risk group had better predictive accuracy in Chinese patients with penile cancer.The prognostic significance of these risk groups,however,still needs further improvement.


Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Medical Center, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan Correspondence to: Hideo Baba, MD, PhD, FACS. Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan. Email: email@example.com. Provenance and Peer Review: This article was a free submission to the journal. The article did not undergo external peer review.


Myoelectric prosthesis function can be enhanced with different grasp modalities such as palmar and lateral grasp. In the present investigation we recorded percutaneously from four residual muscles (flexor dig; ext. dig; flex. pollicis longus; ext. pollicis longus) of a below elbow (BE) amputee female subject while she contracted her residual muscles according to several computer animations representing the different grasps. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) techniques were applied to discriminate between the 4 intended movements (closing and opening of palmar grasp, and closing and opening of lateral grasp). In the present paper we compared ANNs with different characteristics to determine which combination would enhance performance and reliability. We evaluated variations in two ANN parameters; transfer function and different normalization boundaries for the selected EMG feature. The selected EMG feature was the Mean Absolute Value calculated from the EMG of each residual muscle. We applied the Correct Classification Measure coefficient developed by Triolo et al. [7] to compare the results from the ANNs. The best results were obtained with the following characteristics: sigmoidal transfer function in the output neurons and normalization boundaries selected as the maximum and minimum achieved across different experimental days plus a security margin applied to the upper boundary.


The analysis of the epistemological and axiological aspects of Yu.P. Kuznetsov's poetry in general and when implementing the biblical intertext in it in particular is presented. The purpose of the work is to study the peculiarities of the realization of the theme of cognition in the works of Yu.P. Kuznetsov in the context of spiritual search and religious exploration of the world. The main goal is to determine, considering the specifics of the type of thinking of the lyrical hero, a set of artistic images of biblical nature, which the author uses while discussing the theme. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the consistent consideration of images and motives of biblical nature related to the problems of gnoseology. Special attention is paid to the consideration of Old Testament images-symbols dating back to the myth of the fall. The main directions of the development of the author's poetic thought regarding the issues of the consistency of scientific knowledge and the idea of progress and related problems of the interaction of rationalistic and intuitive-religious types of thinking are analyzed. It is established that the author prefers a non-rationalistic method of cognition of truth based on the concept of co-creation of man and God, which leads to the sacralization of the creative process and the image of the artist (in the broad sense of the word) as a mediator of the will of God. Kuznetsov uses the religious symbol in order to show the universality and necessity of the intuitively religious approach to cognition that does not depend on specific historical conditions. The poet's interpretation of the biblical image is close to the canon and folk tradition.


In some cases the added cost of PET imaging is offset by the savings achieved through the avoidance of unnecessary surgery.


The purpose of this work is describe the characteristics the style of life and health in the population of the Metropolitana Zone of Toluca, in specific of the municipalities of Toluca, Metepec and Temoaya of the State of Mexico. This work presents results of a research about healthy cities, employing the mixt method, because considered aspects quantitative and qualitative.


This paper presents a self-learning fuzzy neural control scheme for a complicated object-an arc welding process. In this scheme, an analytical formula of fuzzy controller is used for adaptively regulating the fuzzy rules, and a neural network model is used for real-time learning dynamics of the uncertain process. The scheme has been used in control of welding pool dynamics of the arc welding process, and experiment results show the effectiveness of the control scheme.


Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) were studied during their upstream migration in three Norwegian regulated rivers; the Rivers Mandalselva, Nidelva and Orkla (mean annual water discharge 88, 123 and 71 m3xs-1, respectively). A total of 169 salmon (body length 51-108 cm) were radio tagged during 1996-2002. The studies were focussed on migration past power station outlets, residual flow stretches (6, 2.6 and 22 km long, respectively), over dams and weirs and on the effects of artificial freshets. The salmon were delayed at power station outlets. The behaviour at the outlets seemed dependent on water discharge and design of the outlet. The salmon were further delayed by low water discharge (3-5 m3s-1) and a number of weirs and dams on the residual flow stretch in the Rivers Nidelva and Mandalselva. Some salmon even reversed direction and migrated downstream again after entering the residual flow stretches, probably due to confusion by the much lower water discharge than in the river below the power station outlet. In contrast, the higher residual flow in the River Orkla (10-20 m3s-1) did not seem to delay the upstream migration, although the dam at the power station intake did. The studies showed that even dams and weirs that seemed not physically difficult for salmon to pass acted like migration barriers. Positive effects on the upstream migration by artificial freshets were found in the River Mandalselva one of the years, but not in the River Orkla (artificial freshets were not studied in the River Nidelva). However, the migration speeds in the River Mandalselva were so low, and the movements generally so erratic, that the importance of the freshets in stimulating the salmon to pass the residual flow stretch was insignificant. 111 Spedicato, M.T.; Lembo, G.; Marmulla, G. (eds.) Aquatic telemetry: advances and applications. Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Fish Telemetry held in Europe. Ustica, Italy, 9-13 June 2003. Rome, FAO/COISPA. 2005. 295p.


MOTIVATION
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has enabled the simultaneous transcriptomic profiling of individual cells under different biological conditions. scRNA-seq data have two unique challenges that can affect the sensitivity and specificity of single-cell differential expression analysis: a large proportion of expressed genes with zero or low read counts ("dropout" events) and multimodal data distributions.

RESULTS
We have developed a zero-inflation-adjusted quantile (ZIAQ) method, which is the first method to account for both dropout rates and complex scRNA-seq data distributions in the same model. ZIAQ demonstrates superior performance over several existing methods on simulated scRNA-seq datasets by finding more differentially expressed genes. When ZIAQ was applied to the comparison of neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells from a human glioblastoma dataset, the ranking of biologically relevant genes and pathways showed clear improvement over existing methods.

AVAILABILITY
ZIAQ is implemented in the R language and available at https://github.com/gefeizhang/ZIAQ.


Using neutron diffraction, 1 7 0 Yb Mossbauer and muon spin relaxation spectroscopies, we have examined the pyrochlore Yb 2 Ti 2 O 7 , where the Yb 3 + S' = ½ ground state has planar anisotropy. Below ∼0.24 K, the temperature of the known specific-heat A transition, there is no long range magnetic order. We show that the transition corresponds to a first-order change in the fluctuation rate of the Yb 3 + spins. Above the transition temperature, the rate, in the GHz range, follows a thermal excitation law, whereas below, the rate, in the MHz range, is temperature independent, indicative of a quantum fluctuation regime.


This series of essays analyzes trends in the citizenship policies of ten liberal-democratic states. The authors examine a common set of issues in the development of the judicial, legislative, or administrative rules that govern citizenship policy. The volume is divided into four sections. The first focuses on three "classic lands of immigration": Australia, Canada, and the United States. This designation reflects both the historical reality and the dominant national self-understandings of these countries. They have welcomed immigrants as a source of economic growth and demographic expansion, but their histories are also replete with policies of discrimination and restriction based on race, ethnicity, and gender. The second section includes essays on three sets of emerging states: the Baltic states, the Russian Federation, and South Africa. These have all undergone radical transformations over the past decade in a quest to develop stable liberal democracies in new circumstances. For these states, immigration has posed a difficult challenge because the risks of fragmentation and disorder are more grave and immediate. The third section, Ethnic States, focuses on Israel and Japan. This classification brings to the fore the strong ethnic dimension of these states' dominant national self-understandings, though the presence of this dimension is scarcely unique to these states. The fourth section, on national and supranational identities, contains essays on the European Union (EU) and Mexico. The EU has often been held out as the prime example of a newly emergent supranational body that binds together a collection of national states within an international framework. Is the EU the harbinger of a trend toward new forms of transnational membership that will supercede the importance of citizenship within particular nation-states, or is it little more than a device to reduce market barriers to the flows of labor, trade, and capital? The North American Free Trade Agreement between Canada, Mexico, and the United States may be the first step toward broader institutional and political integration, but as yet is no more than a commercial arrangement designed to liberalize the flows of trade and capital.


To increase the added value of arracacha flour, a soup type food was designed considering the traditional culinary recipes of this root. The methodology applied for this purpose, allowed to obtain the baked flour, and also the characterization of the physicochemical, functional composition, and in vitro digestibility; as well as to propose some formulations varying the flour contents from 40 to 65 %. From these mixtures, four formulations were obtained; the sample with 60 % of flour had the most sensorial preference; when the organoleptic ranking test for color, odor, taste and consistency attributes, was applied upon this sample. When this sample was rehydrated and boiled for 10 min; it resulted in an instant preparation with an average viscosity (2800 cps) with high levels of protein (10.07 %), carbohydrates (58.3 %), fat (10.07 %) and minerals, mainly phosphorus, calcium, iron, and magnesium; as well as dietary fiber (8.53 %) and resistant starch (2.30 - 2.38 %). The stability analysis during 90 days at room temperature, showed that the low moisture content (5.75 %) and water activity (a w : 0.46), allowed to maintain the functional characteristics of high water absorption, solubility, and starch swelling power. in vitro digestibility was high (79.20%), showing the easy digestion of the soup. The results suggest that the arracacha flour can be a good ingredient for the formulation of new soup type products with a high nutritional and energetic value.


--In domesticated laboratory Zebra Finches (Taeniopygia guttata), leg bands of certain colors affect mate selection, parental effort, reproductive success, sex ratio of offspring, and survivorship. I tested the effects of these same colors on survivorship, body condition and reproductive effort of free-living Zebra Finches over several breeding seasons at two colonies in northern Victoria, Australia. At the "Cloverlea" colony, adults of each sex received either "attractive" or "unattractive" color bands. Nevertheless, survivorship to 12 months was not affected by band color nor was there compelling evidence (mass, bill color and molt) for deteriorating body condition due to reproductive costs; there were no sex differences in survivorship. Reproductive effort each breeding season in these free-living birds may not be as great as that in some laboratory populations because in nature the season is shorter and the interval for recovery correspondingly longer. In contrast, at the "Danaher" colony, where birds had unique color combinations of three bands (plus one metal band), a retrospective analysis of four years of data showed that there were significant effects of band color on reproductive effort of females; they laid more eggs if mated to males having a single red band (attractive color) in their combination than if mated to males having a single lightgreen band (unattractive color) or bands of other colors (neutral attractiveness). They laid an extra clutch, but this did not result in significantly more fledglings and independent young being raised by the pair. There were no band-color or sex effects on survivorship of adults at this colony. There were no obvious biases in the allocation of band colors or identification of breeding pairs that might explain the extra-clutch effect. The finding on redbanded males is largely consistent with that described for domesticated Zebra Finches, where females make a differential reproductive allocation in response to their partner's band color. No similar effects were found for female band color where, contrary to expectation, females with black (attractive) bands had significantly fewer fledglings than did females with color bands of neutral attractiveness. The overall conclusion is that color bands do not significantly affect the behavior of wild Zebra Finches, but it would be wise to omit red bands on males where possible. Received 18 August 1992, accepted 8 December 1992. COLORED LEG BANDS affect mate selection (Burley 1981, 1986a, Burley et al. 1982), parental investment (Burley 1988a), reproductive success (Burley 1986b), sex ratio of offspring (Burley 1986c) and longevity (Burley 1985) in laboratory stocks of domesticated Australian Zebra Finches (Taeniopygia guttata castanotis). The fact that wild-caught female Zebra Finches have the same band-color preferences as domesticated ones (Burley 1988b) strengthens Burley's (1985) warning about possible artifacts and biases created by color marking of individuals in wild populations of Zebra Finches and, by implication, other avian species. Conversely, Ratcliffe and Boag (1987) found that, under experimental conditions promoting intermale competition, leg-band colors of their domesticated laboratory Zebra Finches did not affect a male's ability to compete for nest sites and females; they concluded that the potential of leg-band colors to create biases in behavioral studies of natural bird populations may be overestimated due to many confounding effects. A number of studies have investigated the effects of leg band color on behavior of wild birds. Some a posteriori analyses of long-term banding data have demonstrated negative effects of band color on reproductive success (Hagan and Reed 1988), whereas others have found no effect (Beletsky and Orians 1991, Weatherhead et al. 1991). Similarly, findings are mixed with a priori designs: Metz and Weatherhead (1991, 1993) found negative effects, whereas Cristol et al. (1992) found no effect. The influence of leg-band colors on behavior appears to vary according to species, in particular whether the color matches one found on the bird's plumage or soft parts; if so, it may modify visual


Background The audit process may help improve performance indicators for colonoscopy quality but it is unclear whether this is sustained over several years. Methods 44138 procedures for 28 endoscopists from 2004 to 2019 were analysed for polyp detection rate and withdrawal time. From 2012, 14 endoscopists were analysed with additional data on polyp histology and number of polyps removed. Results Polyp detection increased from 40.7% in 2004 to 62.2% in 2019; removal of polyps>1 cm remained constant (11%). Adenoma detection rate was 25.8% in 2012 and 28.3% in 2019. Sessile serrated polyp (SSP) detection rate increased from 4.5% to 14.7%; most of the increase was in the first 2 years of the histology part of the audit. There was a significant correlation of adenoma detection rate with mean number of adenomas (r=0.72, p=0.004) and a significant correlation of SSP detection with mean number of SSPs (r=0.85, p=0.0001). Conclusion The audit process appears to encourage a higher rate of polyp detection. This was due to increased detection of smaller polyps and increased detection of SSPs.


The advent of Web 2.0 has led to the proliferation of client-side code that is typically written in JavaScript. Recently, there has been an upsurge of interest in static analysis of client-side JavaScript for applications such as bug finding and optimization. However, most approaches in static analysis literature assume that the entire program is available to analysis. This, however, is in direct contradiction with the nature of Web 2.0 programs that are essentially being streamed at the user's browser. Users can see data being streamed to pages in the form of page updates, but the same thing can be done with code, essentially delaying the downloading of code until it is needed. In essence, the entire program is never completely available. Interacting with the application causes more code to be sent to the browser.

This paper explores staged static analysis as a way to analyze streaming JavaScript programs. We observe while there is variance in terms of the code that gets sent to the client, much of the code of a typical JavaScript application can be determined statically. As a result, we advocate the use of combined offline-online static analysis as a way to accomplish fast, browser-based client-side online analysis at the expense of a more thorough and costly server-based offline analysis on the static code. We find that in normal use, where updates to the code are small, we can update static analysis results quickly enough in the browser to be acceptable for everyday use. We demonstrate the staged analysis approach to be advantageous especially in mobile devices, by experimenting on popular applications such as Facebook.


The United States is the largest trading nation in the world. Before 1971, the US had al-ways enjoyed a trade surplus. However, since 1971, (excluding 1973 and 1975) the US has experienced a trade deficit. As the US trade deficit persists and grows, concern and debate over the effects of the trade deficit have grown. Some arguments suggest that the US trade deficit benefits US consumers and businesses, adds to US investment, and contributes to US economic growth while other arguments claim that the US trade deficit causes loss of US jobs, depreciates the US dollar, raises US interests rates, and slows down the US economy. Among the 10 largest trading nations in the world, the US is the nation with the largest trade deficit. The United States has a trade deficit with each of the ten largest trading nations from which it imports goods and services, the largest deficit being with China. Is China the major cause of the US overall trade deficit? What are the effects of US China trade? This paper analyzes both the overall US trade deficit and the US trade deficit with China. Two different views on the two different trade deficits are presented. The conclusion is that the US trade deficit is a complicated issue which requires multiple means to solve. The appreciation of China's currency alone will not solve this problem.


Library Literacy Programs for English Language Learners. ERIC Digest...........................................................................1 HISTORY OF LIBRARY LITERACY PROGRAMS........................ 2 DELIVERY MODELS........................................................... 2 CURRENT INITIATIVES.......................................................3 PROFILE OF A PUBLIC LIBRARY PROGRAM: ARLINGTON COUNTY, VIRGINIA...................................................... 3 REFERENCES.................................................................. 5


The dream of the Smart Home or Intelligent Building seems to become reality. Building users can operate their building systems from anywhere inside and outside the building based upon proven technologies. Service providers have the opportunity to take partial or full responsibility for building systems, facility management and even care taking in an effective way Besides all the success, there are still many hurdles that need to be managed during planning, installation and operation. This paper provides inside information on above-mentioned subject and possible areas of concern.


1. A method of absorption COiz gas mixture by contacting it with an absorbent, wherein the absorbent is water and at least one amine of the formula (I), wherein r and independently of one another represent hydrogen or an alkyl radical and R, R b formula (I) are not simultaneously vodorodami.2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas mixture is an off-gases or product gases sgoraniya.3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the absorbent after absorption COpredstavlen vide.4 in a single phase. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the absorbent, the weight ratio between the water and the amines of formula (I) is from 10: 1 to 1: 10.5. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the absorbent contains amines of formula (I) in an amount of at least 5 wt.%. 6. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that COvnov absorbed in the absorbent is desorbed by increasing the temperature and / or pressure reduction and desorption of the absorbent after such COvnov CO.7 used for absorption. A method according to claim 6, characterized in that the absorption is carried out at a temperature ranging from 0 to 70 ° C, and the desorption is carried out at an elevated temperature as compared to absorption temperature in the range from 50 to 200 ° C.8. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that the absorption is carried out at a pressure in the range of from 0.8 to 50 bar, and desorption is performed under reduced pressure compared to the absorption pressure of from 0.01 to 10 bar.9. The absorbent for absorbing COiz gas mixture comprising water, at least one ionic liquid and at least one amine of the formula (I), wherein R independently of one another represent hydrogen or an alkyl radical and R, R b formula (I) are not simultaneously hydrogen


Recent reports suggest dyslipidemia impairs dendritic cell (DC) function and adaptive immunity. This study aimed to characterize the effect of hypercholesterolemia on antigen-presenting cell function of DCs and DC-dependent CD4+ T-cell responses. DCs incubated in vitro with acetylated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with or without an acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyl-transferase inhibitor maintained their ability to prime CD4+ T cells. Analysis of T-cell proliferation and interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α production after ex vivo coculture of naïve CD4+ T cells with splenic, inguinal, or iliac DCs from low-density lipoprotein receptor–deficient (LDLR−/−) or apolipoprotein E–deficient (ApoE−/−) mice fed an atherogenic diet highlighted DC efficacy in effector T-cell generation under hypercholesterolemic conditions. Adoptive transfer of carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-labeled naïve CD4+ T cells in LDLR−/− recipients and subsequent immunization demonstrated effective priming of naïve T cells in hypercholesterolemic mice. CFSE dilution analyses revealed that hypercholesterolemic DCs were equipotent in naïve CD4+ T-cell priming efficacy with normocholesterolemic DCs. Quantitative real-time PCR and flow cytometric analyses demonstrated that DC expression of multiple molecules involved in antigen processing, presentation, and T-cell stimulation remained unaltered by dyslipidemia. Finally, endogenous antigen-primed CD4+ T cells responded equivalently to a secondary ex vivo antigenic challenge, regardless of whether they were primed in vivo under hypercholesterolemic or control conditions, demonstrating that all essential steps in CD4+ T-cell responses remain intact under atherogenic conditions. This study affirms that the adaptive immune response prevails under the hypercholesterolemic conditions present in atherosclerosis. In particular, DCs remain functional antigen-presenting cells and maintain their ability to prime CD4+ T cells even when cholesterol-loaded.


This paper deals with the optimal design of doping profiles in a semiconductor device, based on the energy transport model. The objective is to slightly change the doping profile in order to get a gain in the outflow current. After introducing the optimal control approach in the framework of the mathematical theory for the control of systems governed by partial differential equations, some preliminary numerical results are shown for the n + − n − n + ballistic diode.

[ DOI : 10.1685/CSC06071] About DOI


Distinguisher serves as an essential component in DPA attacks and should to some extent influence behaviors of these attacks. Motivated by this, we proposed a sound approach to evaluating the effectiveness of DPA attacks from the perspective of distinguishers' statistical characteristics. For this propose, we formally defined the notion of Gaussian Distinguisher in one typical DPA attack setting and then proved that two most widely used DPA distinguishers (namely difference-of-means test and Pearson correlation coefficient) were Gaussian. After that, Distinctive Level, a useful quantitative metric, was introduced to evaluate the effectiveness of DPA attacks. This metric virtually equips the designer with the capability of judging to what extent DPA attacks will succeed. We performed experiments using both simulated and real power traces afterwards, the results of which evidently demonstrated the validity and the effectiveness of the methods we had proposed.


Ni-Cr based alloy were fabricated using powder metallurgy method. It was found that the composites were mainly consisted of nickel-based solution, chromium sulfide et al., the strengthening phases can improve the hardness of alloy obviously, but decreases the bending strength. Both the wear and friction of alloy with strengthening phase was improved.


This paper presents an architecture of an SVD based channel estimator. A number of simplifications of the estimator are presented. These simplifications reduces the complexity of the estimator enough to allow for a hardware implementation. A system is defined, in which the channel estimator is to be used. It is shown that with the proposed pilot symbol pattern and the usage of the channel correlation properties the estimator will reduce the number of multipications with 66 % compared to a brute force attempt. The hardware architecture of the channel estimator is also described. The estimator will have a throughput of 1/6th of the achievable clock speed and the word lengths are chosen such that there will be only a negligible increase in mean square error compared to the floating point case and still a 5 time improvement compared to the least square estimator.


Cadmium is one of the most toxic heavy metals and potential for human exposure has generally increased with increase in industrial usage of this element . The purpose of the present study was to determine anti-oxidative role of vitamin C against cadmium chloride induced oxidative stress on rat testis. Adult male rats(n=6/group) were divided into five groups ,one control (Gr.I- 0.9% Saline treated) & two untreated experimental & two pretreated experimental groups. The untreated groups were injected with single dose of 0.5 & 1 mg /kg bw cadmium chloride (Gr.II &Gr.III) intraperitoneally. Vitamin C (30mg/kg bw,ip) was orally administered for 30 days prior to the exposure to 0.5 and 1mg/kg bw(Gr,IIa &Gr.IIIA) of cadmium chloride. In all the groups, rats were sacrificed 15 days after the final cadmium chloride or saline administration and the changes in the testicular weight and testicular level of Melonaldehyde , glutathione & superoxide dismutase were studied. Exposure to cadmium chloride lead to significant decrease in the testicular weight& level of GSH & SOD and increase in the level of testicular MDA compared to normal control. Pretreatment with vitamin C (30mg/kg bw) significantly prevented the increase in MDA level of the testis & ameliorated the fall in GSH & SOD as well as testicular weight compared to 0.5mg/kg bw cadmium chloride group. But pretreatment with vitamin C did not show any beneficial effect with 1mg/kg bw cadmium treated group. The study reports the antioxidative role of vitamin C in ameliorating lower doses of cadmium chloride induced testicular damage.


A new configuration of microscopic square arrays of atomic beams in the presence of TEM00 mode laser, acting as atomic lens, is proposed for atom lithography via dipole force. Simulated patterns using such configuration for rubidium atoms show the formation of nanostructures with periodicity less than λ/2.


LECTURES AND SPECIAL EVENTS November: 2nd , 7:30 P. M. Free sketch class conducted by the Recreation Commission. 4th , 3:30 P. M . Musical program by the Chamber Music Society. 4:30 P. M. Gallery talk, "The Medieval Spirit in Art," by Mr. R. Poland. 9th , 7:30 P. M. Free sketch class conducted by the Recreation Commission. 8:30 to 11:00 Opening view of Exhibition of Decorative Arts lent by P. W. French and Company and ParishWatson Company of New York. 11th , 3:30 P . M. Lecture in auditorium, "Greece in Retrospect," by The Very Reverend Warren L. Rogers, Dean of St. Paul's Cathedral. 4:30 P. M. Gallery talk, "The Renaissance in Italy," by Mr. Clyde H. Burroughs. 16th , 7:30 P. M . Free sketch class conducted by the Recreation Commission. 18th , 3:30 P. M. Lecture in auditorium, "India," by Mr. Edwin S. George. 4:30 P. M. Gallery talk, "The Renaissance in the Northern Countries," by Mr. Clyde H. Burroughs. 23rd, 7:30 P. M. Free sketch class conducted by the Recreation Commission. 25th , 3:30 P. M. Lecture in auditorium, "Decoration of the Home," by Mr. John L. Kolle. 4:30 P. M . Gallery talk, "Northern Europe's Contribution to the Graphic Arts," by Miss Isabel Weadock. 30th , 7:30 P. M. Free sketch class conducted by the Recreation Commission. December: 2nd , 3:30 P. M . Lecture in auditorium, "Pictures and Their Appreciation," by Mrs. Neville Walker. 4:30 P. M. Gallery talk, "Great French Engravers," by Miss Isabel Weadock.


Here is a list of the 8 best lenses for the Canon EOS Rebel T2i, known as the 550D in Europe and KISS X4 in Asia. A variety of focal lengths for ...


According to the experience of the author, the Decision Information System oriented CIMS is defined in this paper. The characteristic of the system is summarized. The blueprint and the key technology of the system is described on the basis of the Xuzhou Loading Machinery Factory CIMS.


Objective To investigate the correlation between acute coronary syndrome and serum bilirubin level.Methods The fast vein blood was gathered to examine the serum bilirubin and serum lipid levels of in 76 cases of acute coronary syndrome and 38 controls.The patients with acute coronary syndrome were divided into unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction group.The difference of serum bilirubin level was compared with control group.Pearson linear correlation analysis was carried out in serum bilirubin and serum lipid.Results The serum total bilirubin and direct bilirubin were clearly lower in unstable angina pectoris group and acute myocardial infarction group than control group(P0.01).There was no statistic difference in serum total bilirubin and direct bilirubin between unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction group(P0.05).The serum total bilirubin and direct bilirubin were negatively correlated with total cholesterol,triglyceride,and low-density lipoprotein(P0.05),but positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein(P0.05).Conclusion The reduction of serum bilirubin level may be the risk factors of acute coronary syndrome occurrence and development.


The article substantiates the need to introduce a new composition in Chapter 6 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation "Administrative offenses that infringe on the health, sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population and public morality" in the form of Article 6.1.2 "The commission of domestic violence that did not cause physical pain, failure to comply with a protective order or failure to pass a special correctional program". The main object of illegal encroachment, the objective and subjective sides of the proposed composition are revealed and its subject is specified.


Here we report on the in situ creation of single/multi-shelled fullerenes and multi-walled nanotubules by electron irradiation of chemical vapor deposit graphitic BxC1−x (x⩽0.2) in a high-resolution 300 kV electron microscope. Nanostructure formation occurred through irradiation-induced solid-state phase transformation, in contrast to conventional fullerene/nanotube synthesis from the gas phase. The fullerene/nanotubule chemical composition and bonding character were analyzed by electron energy loss spectroscopy applying a ∅0.5 nm electron probe. The B/C ratio of the observed curled, closed nanostructures has never exceeded ∼0.1. Unlike pure carbon "onions," most of the B-doped fullerenes exhibited a polyhedral faceted circumference suggestive of B-induced buckling.


The industrial Internet of things (IIoT) is the key foundation for the shift from manufacturing to intelligent manufacturing in the "Industry 4.0" era. The 6th generation (6G) mobile communications will further facilitate the development of IIoT. However, IIoT wireless communications still face challenges due to the diversity of scenarios, channel specificity, and high requirements for latency and reliability. In this paper, a ray tracing (RT) based channel model for an indoor factory is developed and verified by channel measurements. Characteristics including path loss (PL), average delay power spectral density (DPSD), angular power spectral density (APSD), delay spread (DS), and coherence bandwidth are analyzed. The results show that ray tracing simulation results can match measurements well. path loss exponent (PLE) is less than 2 of free space at 5.5 GHz. The contribution of dense multipath components (DMCs) in average DPSD counts for 26%–60%. DS is positively related to the distance between transmitter and receiver (Tx-Rx) and the coherence bandwidth is much smaller than the system bandwidth, indicating severe frequency selective fading.


OBJECTIVE: To assess reproductive health in male systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and compare them with controls. METHODS: Twenty-five male SLE patients were evaluated for demographic data, urologic evaluation (including pubertal parameters, sexual/erectile function), testicular Doppler ultrasound, hormone profile, semen analysis, clinical features and treatment. The control group included 25 healthy men. RESULTS: The current median age was similar in SLE patients compared with controls (26 versus 27 years, P = 0.756). The frequencies of sexual/erectile disfunction were significantly higher (20% versus 0%, P = 0.0001) and the number of spontaneous pregnancies were lower in SLE patients than in controls (20% versus 60%, P = 0.0086). A trend to low contraceptive use was observed in SLE patients compared with controls (48% versus 76%, P = 0.079). Moreover, the frequencies of gonadal dysfunction parameters, such as testicular atrophies measured by ultrasound (36% versus 8%, P = 0.037), elevated FSH and/or LH levels (36% versus 0%, P = 0.002), and sperm abnormalities (48% versus 0%, P = 0.0001), were statistically higher in SLE patients versus controls. SLE patients with sexual/erectile disfunction had no sexual activity in the last month versus 95% of SLE patients without dysfunction (P = 0.0001). On the other hand, no differences were evidenced in SLE patients with or without sexual/erectile disfunction according to demographic data, disease activity, cumulative damage and treatment. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to identify sexual/erectile and gonadal disfunction in male SLE patients. A multidisciplinary approach is essential in order to offer preventive measures for these patients.


Letter from Charles Moore to his wife Mary in which he writes about a trip Linnet is making to a fair. He also writes about picking cotton; what he has to eat; the pear crop; and requests information on family and friends. He writes about the building project he in involved in. Linnet reports on the fair she attended. She had fun, but the fair was "a poor thing." He said Linnet's trip cost $2.30. He lists who was at the fair and what they did. He discusses the rain and its effect on different crops. He states that there were four new cases of yellow fever at Memphis. He lists the activities and chores performed by Linnet. He updates Mary on the people he has seen and heard from.


Introduction: The cuff is an apparatus used in invasive mechanical ventilation that is in the endotracheal tube, is responsible for preventing the escape of air as well as impede the passage of fluids and secretions into the lower respiratory tract. The evaluation of the measurement of the cuff is needed to ascertain the level of pressure in the cuff found in the distal ends of the cannulas endotraqueais. It is a procedure that should be monitored daily with the intensive involvement of the physiotherapist, with a proper and safe conduct to the patient on mechanical ventilation. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the scientific literature on the importance of monitoring blood pressure cuff, the participation of health professionals to patients on mechanical ventilation and the analysis of scientific production in relation to the contribution of health care for patients on mechanical ventilation. Method: The databases accessed for the development of the work Scientific Electronic Library (SciELO), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Database (LILACS), Database of Nursing (BDENF). The present study used as descriptors: "pressure cuff", "mechanical ventilation", "intubation", "ICU (Intensive Care Unit)"," physical therapy" and "tracheal perfusion pressure." We identified 24 studies in the databases, 13 were excluded for being in another language, another object or not available, so finishing with 11 articles selected and eligible for study. The population investigated in this study focused on patients who were undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit with intubation or tracheostomy, hospitalized in various regions. Results: The study results showed that the performance monitoring of cuff pressure of endotracheal tubes through specific devices should be performed after changing the body position of the patient. This routine was effective in detection of inappropriate pressure when compared to the measurement performed twice or three times a day. It is evident through the descriptions about the care of the cuff pressure tubes endotraqueias that the physiotherapist has a key role in controlling and appropriate management pressure cuff, providing a more efficient ventilation and ensuring fewer instances of complications. Conclusion: The findings of this review allow us to conclude that the ideal is the monitoring of cuff pressure concomitantly associated with the routine of changing position and noted that the participation of physical therapists in observing the variation of the pressure cuff avoids and minimizes adverse effects on the cuff and serious complications for the patient.


–  Standard metabolic rate (SMR, closely related to basal and resting metabolism) varies by up to threefold among juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., of similar size at common temperature. Here, consequences of this variation are predicted by combining empirically derived relationships between SMR, specific dynamic action, energy budgets, water velocity, food level in the environment and food availability to fish. The range of velocities across which growth is predicted to occur is inversely related to a fish's SMR. Growth is positively related to SMR at high but negatively related to it at low-food levels. The relationship between food level and the range of velocities over which lower SMR fish can grow but higher SMR fish cannot is asymmetrically bi-phasic and peaked. It is predicted that maternal manipulation of offspring SMR would generate fitness benefits through bet-hedging against unpredictability in food level and increases in the overall range of velocities that the family of offspring can occupy and thrive in.


The Field-Verification Program was designed to determine the applicability, reproducibility, and field verification of test methods for the evaluation of disposal of dredged material at aquatic, upland, and wetland sites. There were three objectives in this program. The first was to demonstrate the applicability of existing test methods to detect and measure effects of dredged material and to determine the degree of variability and reproducibility inherent in the testing procedures. The second objective was to field verify laboratory responses by comparing the exposure-response relationships between the laboratory and field. The third objective was to determine the degree of correlation between contaminated tissue residues and biological responses resulting from laboratory and field exposure to dredged material. These objectives were examined for the following biological responses: bioaccumulation, scope for growth, bioenergetics, adenylate energy charge, sister chromatid exchange, histopathology, survival, growth, reproduction, intrinsic rates of population growth, recolonization, and community structure.


When a vehicle travels at Mach numbers greater than one, a significant temperature gradient develops across the boundary layer due to the high levels of viscous dissipation near the wall. In fact, the static-temperature variation can be very large even in an adiabatic flow, resulting in a low density, high-viscosity region near the wall. In turn, this leads to a skewed mass-flux profile, a thicker boundary layer, and a region in which viscous effects are somewhat more important than at an equivalent Reynolds number in subsonic flow. Intuitively, one would expect to see significant dynamical differences between subsonic and supersonic boundary layers. However, many of these differences can be explained by simply accounting for the fluid-property variations that accompany the temperature


We combine insights from the two emerging fields of engineering systems and sustainability science to develop an analytical approach for understanding and managing coupled natural and human systems. The Earth system is characterized with reference to the attributes of engineering systems (real-world existence, artificiality, dynamic properties, hybrid state, and some human control). We argue that human influences have become so overwhelming that it is impossible to understand global Earth systems without taking into account both technical and social dimensions. Aspects of sustainability systems that fulfill functional types of engineering systems are enumerated with reference to five processes (transporting, transforming, storing, exchanging and controlling) and operands (living organisms, matter, information, energy and money). Building on methods from sustainability science, we introduce the concept of Spatial-Temporal-Functional (STF) analysis for addressing sustainability problems in an engineering systems context. We illustrate this framework with reference to the case of global transport of hazardous chemicals. Our analysis suggests that efforts to address cross-scale problems should focus on enhancing mechanisms for transforming and exchanging in addition to controlling.


ABSTRACT Tungsten–copper composites exhibit excellent resistance to erosion and good electrical as well as thermal conductivity. W–Cu composites are mainly used for heat sinks, electrical contacts and transpiration cooling applications. In this investigation the microstructure, mechanical and electrical properties of infiltrated tungsten–copper composite along the infiltration direction have been studied. The microstructures of the top, middle and bottom regions of the composite were evaluated using both optical and scanning electron microscope. Bulk hardness, electrical conductivity, instrumented hardness and contiguity were measured along the depth of W–Cu composite. It was found that the copper phase fraction decreases along the infiltration direction of the specimen. The effect of distribution of copper in the W–Cu system has a significant influence on the mechanical and the electrical properties. The effect of copper content on indentation depth, instrumented hardness, Young's modulus, and stiffness of the composite has been evaluated using an instrumented hardness tester.


Commercial-tariff customers express a high demand for pricing advice. Because of the heterogeneous nature of the commercial-tariff market, a special software tool - Guitarpro- was developed to fulfil this advisory function. By collating information on each customer, this package helps the company to individualize supplier-customer relations. Upgrades scheduled for 1998 primarily seek to extend the scope of the software.


ryptosporidium and Giardia are single-celled, microscopic organisms and are disease-causing parasites that may infect people through contaminated drinking water and recreational waters. Symptoms resulting from infection include mild to severe diarrhea, abdominal cramps, weight loss, bloating, and vomiting. Chlorine, a commonly used disinfectant in water supplies, can eliminate Giardia from water sources, but may not eliminate Cryptosporidium. This publication describes these parasites and discusses them in terms of drinking water and the occurrence of waterborne disease outbreaks.


Two 3D seismic datasets over the Albian western Golden Lane margin and timeequivalent basinal deposits of Poza Rica Field allowed us to investigate the linked architecture of a steep-sided carbonate platform (El Abra Formation) and a thick accumulation of redeposited carbonate sediment at the toe of slope and in the basinal area (Tamabra Formation). Regional seismic cross sections show that the mostly aggrading Albian platform has an eroded platform top, a scalloped margin, and a channelized slope that are equivalent to a 20-km-wide, westward-thinning, toe-of-slope apron made of chaotic, contorted, and mounded, moderateto high-amplitude reflections. Detailed reflection geometries in the Albian toe-of-slope and basinal deposits consist of chaotic to short, discontinuous, low amplitude reflection at the toe of slope of the Golden Lane Platform, laterally changing to a discontinuous mounded, shingling reflection, which ultimately turns into high-amplitude parallel reflections. We interpret this lateral change to reflect the seismic signature of the change from the blockand debris-flowdominated toe-of-slope area, to debris flow and concentrated density-flow deposits in the basin that ultimately grade laterally into pelagic deposits. On a flattened seismic slice, mounded reflections correspond to lobate to fan-shaped seismic events several kilometers wide that are interpreted as a carbonate basin-floor fan. Comparison between core and seismic data show a dominance of debris flows in the lower Albian sequence that grade vertically into more lobate, concentrated density flows and turbidites in the upper Albian 2 sequence. Seismic features identified as basin-floor-fan, channel, and debrisflow deposits have a shape and size that are similar to those of other redeposited basinal carbonate deposits elsewhere. Seismic data used in this study, combined with core observations, do not support the interpretation of the Albian Tamabra Formation's being of shallow-water origin. Janson, X., C. Kerans, R. Loucks, and A. Marhx, 2010, Seismic architecture of an Early Cretaceous platform-to-slope system, Santa Agueda and Poza Rica fields, Mexico: Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 60, p. 805.


The Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) using simple γradiotracers has been established as a standard technique in the physiological and functional nuclear imaging. On the other hand, accurate reconstruction of abnormalities inside biological tissues based on the detected temperature distribution obtained at the surface of the skin presents a major challenge in emission thermography. The present work focuses on the experimental study with these modalities using appropriately constructed 99Tc and thermal phantoms. Special emphasis was given to the relationship between the physical characteristics, such as the location and the emission power of an embedded heat source inside an absorbing medium and the measured temperature distribution by means of infrared imaging. Those thermal phantoms were studied at temperature 350 − 400C, which corresponds to mammal's core temperature. The obtained planar information was further analyzed to reconstruct the tomographic images, and from them, the final 3D image of the phantoms. The reconstruction procedure was performed with iterative algorithms based on MLEM and accelerated ART techniques. In order to investigate scattering and absorption effects, the same reconstruction procedure has been applied to optical (fluorescence) tomography with appropriately constructed phantoms. Reconstructions results are presented in this study for different phantom depth locations and heat generation rates.


We propose a new imaging optics called Dihedral Corner Reflector Array (DCRA) which is designed to make the floating image. DCRA consists of numerous micro-mirrors placed perpendicular to the surface of substrate. The micro-mirror array is implemented by the inner walls of minute square holes or the side of minute square pillar. We can choose two types of the structure. The primordial is based on two reflections by a pair of adjacent mutually perpendicular mirrors, i.e., a dihedral corner reflector. Although the principal of operation is based on reflection by mirrors, the device is also transmissive and deflects light. Primordial of DCRA is not so complicated, However, it is too difficult to fabricate the DCRA by usual machining because of high aspect ratio micromachining and high mirror accuracy. Therefore, in this manuscript, we fabricated the device by deep X-ray lithography due to synchrotron radiation. The characteristics of the fabricated DCRA are evaluated by the optical transmission and reflection measurements.


The influence of aluminium concentration on the optical devices of Gallium Nitride Light Emitting Diodes is examined to improve the optical performance of the Light Emitting Diodes. The investigations are done using physical simulator, Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD). Boron doped Gallium Nitride Light Emitting Diodes with four quantum Wells are considered. Radiative recombination, Auger recombination and Polarization models are utilized in simulations. The influence of the assorted aluminum concentration (0.2 and 0.3) in AlGaN/GaN and AlGaN/BGaN Light Emitting Diodes optical performance is presented. The boron concentration of proposed LED is considered as 10%. The analysis on device temperature, radiative recombination rate, luminous power and wavelength with respect to power spectral density are performed to obtain the efficient Light Emitting Diode. The TCAD simulation observations represents that the luminous power and radiative rate of Gallium Nitride Light Emitting Diodes with aluminium mole fraction of 0.2 shows better improvement when compared to 0.3 mole fraction of aluminium.


This paper presents a design for skip-lot sampling inspection plans with the double-sampling plan as the reference plan, so as to reduce the sample size and produce more efficient plans in return for the same sampling effort. The efficiency of the proposed plan compared with that of the conventional double-sampling plan is also discussed. The need for smaller acceptance numbers under the plan is highlighted. Methods of selecting the plan indexed by the acceptable quality level and limiting quality level, and by the acceptable quality level and average outgoing quality level are also presented.


With advances in vocational education, the guidelines of all -round promoting quality - oriented education, implementing "health first" and lifetime physical education calls for overall reform on physical education curriculum in higher vocational colleges so as to fulfill the mission of cultivating talents and communicating sports culture, providing functional service for the development of physical education in higher vocational colleges.


In Belgium, the Brussels-Capital Region constitutes the main gateway for international migration. Like everywhere in Europe, the challenge of immigration and in particular what happens afterwards, namely the integration of new immigrants in the host society, is particularly palpable in Brussels. Within the Belgian federal state, the federated entities have implemented different integration policies. Recently, these policies have experienced major upheavals, especially in Brussels where the result raises questions. Different (and possibly competing) institutions are competent, and today there are two civic integration programmes in the same territory: one from the Dutch-speaking community and the other from the French-speaking community. The aim of this article is to examine these policies by placing them in the particularly complex institutional context of Brussels. This involves studying and understanding the institutional labyrinth in which these policies exist, as well as describing them in order to compare them. This institutional puzzle has consequences for the stakeholders, i.e. the authorities and the migrants themselves.


Off-resonant electric field induced second harmonic generation (EFISH) and resonant third harmonic generation (THG) measurements of two squarylium dyes are reported. The magnitude of y is large for both processes. The EFISH measurement clearly shows that the off-resonant third-order polarizability is negative, a consequence of the dominance of a non-two-photon mechanism. This unusual result is in agreement with our earlier reports on two other squarylium dyes. Resonant THG measurements strongly suggest that the two-photon contribution, while smaller than the one-photon contribution, is not negligible and cannot be entirely ignored when defining the overall third- order optical susceptibility. Consequently, the squaryliums are best qualitatively described by a three-level model that truncates to two dominant perturbation terms. Also reported is the isomeric distribution of squaryliums. Proton Nh4R results are interpreted by way of molecular mechanics to show that the squaryliums can readily exist as a mixture of isomers. The possible effects on nonlinear optical (NLO) measurements via an orientational contribution to the EFISH y are discussed. An X-ray structure for the squarylium dye TSQ is presented and interpreted. The X-ray structure clearly suggests that the squarylium dyes are extensively bond delocalized with relatively little bond length alternation.


This study performs a series of Molecular Dynamics (MD) and Molec- ular Statics (MS) simulations to investigate the mechanical properties of single- walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) under a uniaxial tensile strain. The simula- tions focus specifically on the effects of the nanotube helicity, the nanotube diame- ter and the percentage of vacancy defects on the bond length, bond angle and tensile strength of zigzag and armchair SWCNTs. In this study, a good agreement is ob- served between the MD and MS simulation results for the stress-strain response of the SWCNTs in both the elastic and the plastic deformation regimes. The MS simulations reveal that in the plastic deformation regime, the tensile strength of the armchair and zigzag SWCNTs increases with an increasing wrapping angle. In addition, it is shown that the tensile strength reduces significantly at larger val- ues of the nanotube diameter. Moreover, it is observed that the tensile strength of both SWCNTs reduces as the percentage of defects within the nanotube structure increases. Finally, it is found that the results obtained from the molecular statics method are relatively insensitive to instabilities in the atomic structure, particularly in the absence of thermal fluctuations, and are in good agreement with the predic- tions obtained from the molecular dynamics method.


We use chromium scoria as primary raw material to syntheisze antibacterial agent.We prepare antibacterial Portland cement by mixing this antibacterial agent activated by alkalescent scoria. Performance test verifys its validity.The bacteriostatic circle's diameter of antibacterial portland cement is 2.3 times as much as that of Portland cerment.


The demand of electrical energy is increasing drastically and a significant amount of electrical energy is consumed in buildings particularly in small and medium sized building due to increased comfort level and use of modern electrical appliances. In this paper, a laboratory prototype is developed to enable the integration of commonly used electrical appliances such as lighting load controllers and plug load controllers in the Indian context, as well as any IoT devices that have open application programming interface. The overall objective of this research is to demonstrate energy savings potential achievable, while maintaining satisfactory occupant comfort and healthy working environment through intelligent algorithms. Using the developed prototype more than 52% energy is saved through load scheduling approach. Moreover, the cost associated with the development of the proposed solution is very less as compared to the existing solutions. It is a game changer in saving energy, improve occupant comfort and plays a transformational role in small/medium sized buildings. 


The phase structure of the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model at zero temperature and in the presence of baryon and isospin chemical potentials is investigated. It is shown that in the chiral limit and for a wide range of model parameters, there exist two different phases with pion condensation. In the first, ordinary phase, the baryon density is zero and quarks are gapped particles. In the second, gapless pion condensation phase, there is no energy cost for creating only u or both u- and d-quarks, and the density of baryons is nonzero.


Indonesian Immigration is regulated by Law no. 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration, which is carried out by the Directorate General of Immigration in accordance with Article 1 paragraph (6). Problems: how did the violation of the use of fake immigration documents by Muhammad Habib a Bangladesh citizen occur and how was the supervision of foreigners who used fake documents in Indonesia, and was the District Court Decision Number: 172/Pid.B/2020/Pn.Tsm against Muhammad Habib is in accordance with the law on Immigration. This research is normative, descriptive in nature, uses secondary data, analyzed qualitatively, conclusions are drawn using a deductive method. Research results: Muhammad Habib made a mistake by submitting fake identity documents. Supervision of foreigners is carried out in accordance with a selective policy which aims to ensure that foreign nationals come to Indonesia to bring benefits to Indonesia.


Exercise is often a part of the rehabilitation process in some form, such as practicing a manual task or engaging in repetitive stretching. In the sporting sense exercise has a role to play in development, learning and rehabilitation. Taking part in sport and exercise has many additional health benefits, it can be motivating, provide social opportunities and enable a level of fitness or function to be maintained. This is true for individuals with and without disability. Sport and exercise can also be used to provide a context for rehabilitation which increases the success rate and adherence to the intervention. Equally sport has a role to play for all individuals as it enables people to engage in a range of activities that are challenging from informal grassroots participation to more organised involvement at the local, national and international levels. The experiences of success and excellence that can be attained through sports participation are important for all individuals, including those with disabilities. The specific aim of this special edition was to present papers that considered the interconnections between sport, exercise and rehabilitation from a range of perspectives. The papers that are presented represent different academic disciplines and employ a variety of research methodologies from laboratorybased experimental work, to interviews and observations. We feel that these six papers reflect the breadth of academic interest in sport, exercise and rehabilitation and the multidisciplinary nature of Disability and Rehabilitation. The first paper by Hills and Utley addresses the importance of sport science support for athletes with learning difficulties and presents a case study of an elite athlete to illustrate some of the issues that can arise. This is followed by a paper by Utley, Nasr and Astill which looks at using new technology in conventional physical education lessons and considers the benefits for children with movement disabilities. The third paper (Zwier et al.) focuses on the physical activity levels of 5and 7-year-old children with cerebral palsy and indicates that their level of activity is low compared to their non disabled peers. The authors consider the importance of promoting activity for children with cerebral palsy at an early age. This raises an important issue about expectations for people with disability. The next paper by Steenbergen et al. considers the benefits of implicit learning for individuals with movement difficulties when acquiring sports-related motor skills. Motor learning in sport is an important topic that has direct links to learning during rehabilitation. The fifth paper by Coates and Vickerman explores the perspectives of children with special educational needs on their physical education lessons. They propose consultation as a tool for empowering pupils as a means of providing them with choices whilst gaining an insight into their experiences of PE. Interestingly their findings are not dissimilar to those of Utley and Hills in paper one with respect to working with adults with learning difficulties. The final paper by van Kampen et al. investigates strategies used during the activity of catching. They consider the role of visual information and remind us that we must take into account the different strategies people may use and consider the implications this has for working with individuals with disabilities during sport and exercise training and practice. All of these papers indicate the importance of sport and exercise for individuals with disability. They highlight the benefits of sport and exercise not only as part of rehabilitation but also as an important part of our daily lives. People with disabilities are clearly keen to take part, to improve and to achieve in a range of sport and exercise contexts and they pursue their endeavours with the same intensity and integrity as their able-bodied peers.


The premature reset of a flight programmer followed by the destruction of a multi-million dollar space vehicle could easily result from a single spurious transient. Because of these potentially catastrophic effects, methods of detecting and analyzing electrical transients have generated vivid interest within the aerospace industry. Even assuming that an effective transient monitor system was available, a basic problem still exists?the acquisition of sufficient paper/ pen recording channels to conduct an effective transient investigation. Since paper/pen recording devices are usually at a premium, especially during the integrated systems testing of a complex vehicle, transient investigations are usually compromised if not altogether deleted. To cope with the problem, the authors have developed a Wide-Band Multi-Channel Transient Monitor System. The system has the capability of storing transient information from many test points on a single channel of magnetic tape. Upon playback of the tape, the information can be displayed, in real time, with no loss of highfrequency information, and all the data are easily correlated with system test time.


This research is about the use of Scattergories Game for teaching vocabulary. It is a quasi- experimental research. This research was conducted to find out the effectiveness of using Scattergories Game for teaching vocabulary in the eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 2 Demak in the academic year of 2016/2017. Based on the previous researchers that I have found such as (Aryani, 2016; Musaffa, 2016; Affiniati, 2015; Astuti, 2014; etc) few of them focus on conducted games as technique to revive students' attention and enrich them with vocabulary. However, this study not only focus on reviving students' attention and enriching them, but also help them to think fast in categorizing the word of vocabulary. There were two groups, the experimental (VIII H) and control (VIII D) groups. The experimental group was taught by using Scattergories Game, while the control group was taught by using a conventional method (drill and translate). Both groups were given a pre-test and a post-test. The result of the pre-test and the posttest then were analyzed by using t-test. Furthermore, the experimental group was given a questionnaire as an additional data. The results of the pre-test and the post-test showed that the mean scores of the experimental group was 52,40 went up to be 76,40, while the control group was 47,87 increased to be 67,87. Based on the data analysis using t-test, there was a significant improvement of the students' achievement after the implementation of the Scattergories Game. The result showed that the t-table at n1 + n2 – 2 = 58. Therefore, the sig. (2-tailed) value was 0.000, with � = 5%. As a sequence, the sig. (2-tailed) was lower than 0,05. It is concluded that, there is a significant difference in the experimental group on the post-test. Since it is significant, the use of Scattergories Game is effective for teaching vocabulary in the eighth grader students of SMP Negeri 2 Demak in the academic year of 2016/2017. Based on the result, it is suggested for future researchers, they are expected to use this study as their reference to conduct other researchers in the same field.


The present analysis gives the effects of the thermoelectric currents on the quasi-one-dimensional flow of a real gas in a diverging channel. Numerical solutions are obtained for generator and accelerator modes with subsonic and supersonic flows. the variation of current and power density are presented for the special cases of (i) a linearly diverging channel and (ii) a constant velocity channel. It is observed that the rate of change of the transverse current and the power is slower owing to the influence of thermoelectric currents.


Taxpayers shelter income from taxation both through illegal evasion and legal avoidance. This tax sheltering creates a difference between a household's actual income and what it reports to the tax authorities. While tax sheltering is a central concern for designing a tax system, the private nature of this behavior complicates evaluating the magnitude and determinants of such behavior. In this article, we combine zip-code level data on reported income from the Internal Revenue Service and the Census Bureau to examine three types of determinants of tax sheltering: (1) tax policy variables, including tax rates (2) political attitudes toward taxation; and (3) demographics. Our estimates suggest that higher tax rates increase the amount of tax sheltering. In terms of political support, our results suggest that places with voters who are either more conservative or less supportive of tax increases actually shelter less income.


The author presents the Women's Development Program (WDP) - launched in six districts in Rajasthan, India in 1984, and now extending to nine - as a case study awareness-building and group formation among rural women. A departure from the traditional pattern of viewing women as objects of welfare, WDP has been a distinct success. Rural women have realized that their deprivation is not unchangeable, that alternatives exist, that they are competent enough to choose between alternatives, and that they are not alone. One important feature of the project document was that it was provisional and tentative, essentially a guide to structure and financial patterns. WDP's sole aim was to form groups that would consolidate themselves for their own development - these groups, once formed would initiate any action they needed and decided upon. The second element of the project document was the degree of freedom visualized for women's groups and nongovernmental organizations. WDP stressed the need to build awareness and confidence among women as essential to integrating them into the development process. What emerges from the WDP experience is the process it unleashed: the organization, interaction and participation of women.


To strengthen and increase teaching and serving work efficiency is the mainline and the comprehensive and deep integration of teaching philosophy into information and network technology is the method. To drive and increase teaching level and talent cultivation quality as the core and root duty, we launch the construction of the undergraduate teaching administration and service platform, and the construction of the network courses management and service platform. At the aspect of the teaching administration and service platform construction, we need to hackle our teaching work comprehensively first, and then integrate sorts of teaching administration and service work flow into the construction of the platform. At the aspect of network course management and service platform construction, courses are the core contents, which should be built according to the MOOC mode, and operate on the platform according to SPOC mode. Through platform construction, undergraduate teaching work is promoted in connotation development and leap frog development.


System-wide information management (SWIM) is a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) network-centric environment that facilitates software application integration in the National Airspace System (NAS). Built on a set of five core service types - interfaces, registries, message brokers, information assurance and system management - SWIM accelerates NAS evolution by defining a secure common infrastructure for application integration and a framework for information modeling and exchange. Providing information security in this distributed network-centric environment is a significant challenge. System users must be confident that their critical data is protected. Competing requirements, the transportation of sensitive data and air-to-ground bandwidth constraints mean that a network layer-based approach to security is no longer sufficient. Trusted security at every layer of a network-centric architecture - combined with strong identity management and a data-oriented approach to information assurance - is the key to success. This paper introduces the FAA SWIM demonstration security architecture, and explores some of the methods and mechanisms used to provide end-to-end security, confidentiality, integrity, availability and privacy for NAS applications and their users


Abstract : The investigation reported herein is the experimental portion of a unified theoretical and experimental search for a slotted wind tunnel wall configuration with minimal interference for conventional and V/STOL models. It is shown that theory and experiment are in excellent agreement for the classical case provided an appropriate expression is used to relate the wall geometry to the boundary condition. Classical data correction equations are not appropriate for the V/STOL case, however. An additional term, not predicted by theory, is needed to account for changes in the jet wake. Geometric parameters which influence the wall interference quantities are indicated. Wall configurations are shown which will produce interference-free force data to a jet-to-free- stream velocity ratio of 4.5.


The high percentage of land conversion from mangrove forests to plantation for coconut and other crops between 1998 and 2013 resulted in sharp decline of mangrove forest in Damas Beach. Damas beach is one of the areas covered by mangrove forests in Teluk Prigi and located on the most western area. The total area of the mangrove forest in 1998 was 10 hectares. The number decreased to 30% in 2013. Even though reforestation had been taken place, the mangrove area keeps decreasing. It affected coastal resources, more particularly the number of catch. Fish is the backbone of the local communityliving around the mangrove forest. The purpose of the study was to give information, for both personal and institutional, that is likely to impact the dynamics of mangrove forest area in Damas Beach. In addition, it also describes the level of mangrove forest destruction more particularly as the effect of human activity. It is expected that soci-ecological system is taken into account in order to establish sustainable management program for mangrove forest.


In real-world practice, medication non-adherence is a common problem which has led to poor clinical outcomes, increased hospital admissions and unnecessary healthcare costs. In 2011, Kaiser Permanente Napa Solano outpatient pharmacy implemented a new pilot program to improve adherence to statin therapy in patients at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Interventions included telephone reminders and personalized consultations targeting patient specific barriers. The objective of this retrospective analysis is to evaluate the impact of outpatient pharmacist interventions in addressing early non-persistence, which is defined as failure to pick up the first refill on time. The information collected included quantitative data for descriptive analysis, with the primary outcome measuring prescription pick up rate in contacted patients. Secondary outcomes included baseline characteristics, time to refill pick up after the contact and specific interventions made by pharmacists. 75 patients were identified in a six month period and 38 patients received phone consultations. The obtained results showed that 39.5% of the patients picked up the first refill within 20 days after the phone consultation, which was significantly higher compared to the baseline pickup rate of 5.4%. In regards to the secondary endpoint, patients taking no more than five medications were associated with lower response rate (P =﹣0.02).


The present invention relates to a greenhouse system, specifically a greenhouse for the cultivation form of fish or plants; (108) buried underground, wherein the greenhouse is installed manure tank for the storage and fermentation of the manure produce a methane gas and fertilizers; seamless fermentation to prevent according to the configured as, cold weather, even where the temperature of the raw sewage tank lowered by the greenhouse is to ensure the system provides a green house made.


asa previa is defined as fetal vessels coursing within the membranes overlying or in close proximity to the cervix, the latter point which has yet to be defined in the literature. Vasa previa is a rare obstetric complication, with a reported incidence of 1 per 2500 pregnancies.1 This condition has been associated with high fetal mortality (60%) due to rapid fetal exsanguination at the time of membrane rupture. Vasa previa has been classified into two types based on its pathologic appearance: type 1 occurring as a result of a velamentous cord insertion into the placenta and type 2 as a result of freely coursing fetal vessels connecting a main placental plate with a succenturiate lobe.2 Andrei Rebarber, MD, Cara Dolin, MD, Nathan S. Fox, MD, Chad K. Klauser, MD, Daniel H. Saltzman, MD, Ashley S. Roman, MD


In nice cases, a zero-dimensional complete intersection ideal over a field has a Shape Lemma. There are also cases where the ideal is generated by the resultant and first subresultant polynomials of the generators. This paper explores the relation between these representations and studies when the resultant generates the elimination ideal. We also prove a Poisson formula for resultants arising from the hidden variable method.


Objective To investigate the effect of pelv ic training for gait of stroke patient. Methods Seven ty- eight stroke patients were recruited and randomly divided into the control ( n =39) and the trial ( n =39) groups. The patients in the control group we re treated using the conventional methods of gait training, while the patients i n the trial group received comprehensive pelvic training, in addition to the con ventional gait training, including pelvic rotation, up and down movement, latera l movement, pronation, anterior and posterior elevation, as well as anterior and posterior depression. Barthel Index, Brunnstrom Recovery Stage and Fugl- Meyer Measurement of Physical Performance were employed to assess the function of the lower limbs and ability to perform ADLs of the patients before and after the tr eatment. Results It was revealed that significant dif ferences existed ( P 0.05) between the two groups as to the Barthel Index Sco res, Brunnstrom Recovery Stages and Fugl- Meyer Measurement of physical perform ance after treatment, indicating that patients in the trial group benefited sign ificantly more than those in the control group. Conclusion Greater improvement in gait could be achieved, if pelvic training is added to the conventional gait training for stroke patients during their rehabilitati on.


The ghost crab Ocypode quadrata (Fabricius) is both a scavenger and an active predator which can be seen prowling the sea wrack left by the tide, especially at night. Williams (1965) stated that the crabs often will feed upon beached fish and I have seen them consuming portions of dead bluefish and striped mullet. According to Fowler (1911), the crabs prey extensively upon amphipod beach fleas of Latreille's genus Talitrus (= Orchestia, Leach, Barnard 1969). Sprunt (1948) reported that in the Florida Keys, the crabs can successfully attack and kill newly hatched least and sooty terns. During October, 1974, I observed the nocturnal activities of 0. quadrata on the open beaches of Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina. While some crabs scavenged among the sea wrack, others wandered that part of the


Background: Fundamental movements (FM) of children influence the willingness to engage in physical activity (PA). Thus, proper FM skills are the foundation for a lifespan of PA. Objective: This study examined what factors may affect children's PA in relation to FM pattern capabilities. Methods: The study examined the influence of SES when three low-income schools were provided additional PA opportunities on days PE was not taught. FM patterns in relation to object control (OC) and locomotor skill (LC) development were evaluated on K (n = 871), 1st (n = 893), and 2nd graders (n = 829) using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2) instrument (Ulrich, 2000). Schools were dichotomized and categorized as being low SES (n = 2008) and high SES (n = 578) status. Results: A significant relationship was revealed with LC (r = 0.264; p = 0.001), OC (r = 0.171; p = 0.001), and total TGMD-2 (r = 0.264; p = 0.001). Low and high SES schools significantly improved overall TGMD-2 scores. High SES schools children were significantly higher in LC [F, (2, 1272) = 29.31, p = 0.001], OC [F, (2, 1272) = 23.14, p = 0.001], and total TGMD-2 [F, (1, 1272) = 38.11, p = 0.001]. Conclusion: Low SES schools need to concentrate on PA-based activities to engage students in FM patterns, to help narrow the gap in FM capabilities. In addition, the increase in PA opportunities for lower SES schools could positively impact brain function, cardiovascular fitness, and overall well-being.


Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a population of hierarchical postnatal stem cells with the potential to multiple differentiations and thus serve as a promising cell source for regenerative medicine in terms of forming mineralized tissues to replace damaged and diseased tissues. MSCs have been successfully used for mineralized and soft tissue regeneration in animal models and clinics. MSCs display profound immunomodulatory properties by inhibiting proliferation and function of several major immune cells, such as dendritic cells, T and B lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells In fact, MSC‐based therapy has been successfully applied in various human diseases, including graft versus host disease (GvHD), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune encephalomyelitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and multiple sclerosis. We found that systemic infusion of MSCs induced transient T‐cell apoptosis via the Fas ligand (FasL)‐dependent Fas pathway and could ameliorate disease phenotypes in fibrillin‐1 mutated systemic sclerosis (SS) and dextran sulfate sodium‐induced experimental colitis. Mechanistic analysis revealed that Fas‐regulated monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP‐1) secretion by MSCs recruited T‐cells for FasL‐mediated apoptosis. The apoptotic T‐cells subsequently triggered macrophages to produce high levels of TGFb which in turn led to the upregulation of Tregs and, ultimately, to immune tolerance. These data therefore demonstrate a previously unrecognized mechanism underlying MSC‐based immunotherapy involving coupling via Fas/FasL to induce T‐cell apoptosis. Recent studies show that MSC deficiency contributes to a variety of diseases, such as osteoporosis, SLE, SS, and benign tumors. Cell and drug therapies can rescue these MSC‐related diseases.


The Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) is one of the intrinsic properties carried by vortex electromagnetic wave, and it can be applied to future communication systems. In this paper, a single OAM communication link model is built, and corresponding performances are analyzed and simulated. Simulation results shows that the OAM can be used for actual communications.


T RAUMA tO the spinal cord, particularly to the cervical spinal cord, almost invariably results in serious neurologic deficit. I t has been considered axiomatic tha t following injury to the cord above the level of the eonus medullaris, patients with complete motor and sensory paralysis will not recover. Over the years, however, certain patients with so-called "concussion" to the spinal cord, with a brief motor and sensory paralysis and rapid recovery over a few hours, have been known to recover completely. Between these two extremes lies a large group of patients for whom some hope of recovery may exist. Statistical studies ~-4.6.7 have been made concerning the percentages and degrees of recovery from paraplegia and tetraplegia. No correlation, however, has been made between the physical findings at the time immediately after injury and the degree of recovery. As early as 1887 Thorburn ~ noted recovery in some patients in whom a small amount of motor function was preserved in the legs. Taylor and Gleave TM reported excellent recovery in cases of incomplete injury of the spinal cord with Brown-S6quard phenomena. Schneider s'9 reported cases of spinal cord injury in which there was complete motor loss with preservation of sensation immediately after injury. Good recovery was seen. Occasional sporadic cases of complete motor loss and sensory preservation have been reported by others. ~


This paper aims to show the great importance of rural guilds during the Middle Ages. I discuss the role of guild halls in the birth of new ways to organise society, and how material culture was used in this process. The study is built upon a survey of material culture and remaining buildings. Swedish historians have largely regarded the guilds as Catholic, and thus primitive, institutions, but also as admirable popular social venues. The guilds' relevance to political and social history has been regarded as small or non-existent, with exception only for the Early Medieval urban guilds which played a rather different role. In fact, the guilds were an important feature of Late Medieval society as well as of early modernity. The lack of deeper interest in the guilds as socially important organisations has meant that no thorough analysis of their material culture has previously been attempted in Sweden. A survey of the Late Medieval countryside in Sweden produced a rather surprising result. Even though Medieval stone buildings are rare in rural Sweden, I found a considerable number that may be connected to guilds, often located near the parish church. Guild halls were usually erected at or near the church. A spatial relationship with sacrificial wells is also evident. A rather substantial part of the guilds' assets were used for erecting and maintenaining of guildhalls. This study shows that it was in the interest of the members to strengthen their guild and to provide themselves with independent premises. Architecture and the construction of guildhalls was an important field for the shaping of identities. This indicates that even though the guilds were firmly rooted in Catholic society, they portended the rise of modern society and its religious herald, the reformation. In Sweden, guilds were abolished and all their assets seized by the Crown in 1544 . Thus a popular modernisation process was halted, and opportunities for private and independent collective religious organisation ended for almost three centuries.


The dual-axis drive mechanism of satellite antenna as a typical multi-joint aerospace mechanism consists of azimuth axis and pitch axis. The multi-clearance contained within those drive joint cause contact and impact in joint, and consequently affect the dynamic positioning accuracy. A nonlinear dynamic model of planetary gears with multiple clearances couplings is proposed to investigate the influence mechanism of clearances on the dynamic performances. The nonlinear factors such as radial clearance, backlash and time-varying meshing stiffness of the bearing are considered in the model. And the dynamic model of double-axis driving mechanism of satellite antenna with multi-clearance coupling is established. Then positional and rotational speed error curves of antenna reflector at different rotational speed are respectively analyzed. The numerical simulation results show that the influence of multi-clearance coupling on the dynamic positioning accuracy of double-axis drive mechanism of satellite antenna is remarkable.


In a field experiment, the growth and yielding of goldenrod (Solidago virgau- rea L. ssp. virgaurea) and leiocaroposide content in herb depending on different NPK fer- tilization level and soil type were analysed. Mineral fertilization level was the factor that significantly affected yielding and parameters of goldenrod growth. Along with NPK level increase a tendency to increase number of stems, their height and inflorescences length as well as a significant increase of goldenrod raw material yields and at the same time decrease of leiocarposide content was observed. Increasing mineral fertilization doses were especially effective on poor in nutrients slightly loamy sand. Significantly higher raw material yields, but characterized by lower leiocarposide content were col- lected on rich in nutrients heavy loamy sand.


Following her acclaimed translation of "Swann s Way," Lydia Davis offers a partial alphabet of Proust translation problems and their solutions. She muses on the near-impossibility of summarizing works by Maurice Blanchot, and ends with a group of short narratives that explore the space between dream and waking reality. This cahier is a wondrous adventure into the perils and delights of translating, of reading and of dreaming."


The utility model discloses a domestic fire hydrant. The domestic fire hydrant comprises a hydrant body, a water inlet, a switching valve, a water outlet and a hose, wherein the water inlet is in threaded connection with one end of the hose; the other end of the hose is a free end; a connecting ring is arranged at the end, connected with the water inlet, of the hose; the length of the hose is 3-50 m. The specification of the fire hydrant disclosed by the utility model is the same as that of an ordinary hydrant, and the domestic fire hydrant can be mounted and used by replacing the ordinary hydrant; when a fire occurs, the hose is quickly mounted at the water outlet of the fire hydrant, the switching valve is opened, the hose is held with hands to spray water to fire sources, and flames at the initial stage can be quickly extinguished when the fire occurs.


Objective To evaluate the clinical value of the transcranial Doppler (TCD) in detecting the cerebral hemodynamic changes in the elder diabetesMethods The mean flow velocities(Vm),the pulsatility index(PI) and the breathlolding index(BHl) of 46 elder diabetes in TCD were compared with thoses in the control group. Results The Vm and PI in the internal carotid artery(ICA), in the middle cerebral artery(MCA) and in the vertebrobasilar artery(BA) and the BHI in MCA were all significantly different between the diabetes group and the control group(P0.01). Conclusions TCD can early and sensitively dig out the cerebrovascular disease in the elder diabetes,which is very important for the early diagnosis,prevention and treatment of the disease.


A search for massive photon pair production at y's = 63 GeV has been carried out on the data sample previously employed for the electron pair production study. Positive evidence is reported for myt. > 6 GeV, with a production cross-section similar to Drell-Yan electron pairs. The ratio yy/~V was measured to be ~ 10~ for a/>Tof each y or,-above3Ge\7c. Submitted to the XXI International Conference on High Energy Physics July 1982 •) This research was supported by the US Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-ACO2-76CHO0016. *') Permanent address: Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne, III.. USA. ***) Permanent address: Tel-Aviv University, Israel. t) On leave of absence from the University of Pisa and the INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Italy. +f) Present address: CEN-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, t t t ) Work supported by the US National Science Foundation.


Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipases C (PI-PLCs) are important enzymes participating in transmembrane signal transduction. The structures of the two major species of these enzymes: bacterial Ca2+-nondependent enzyme from B. cereus and mammalian Ca2+-dependent PLCδ1 from rat brain in the complexes with the polar head groups of their substrates have been previously solved. Although these structures show few differences as compared to free enzymes, there is a compelling evidence that full catalytic activity of PI-PLC necessitates interaction of the enzyme with the entire substrate, including the hydrophobic fatty acid chains. In this work we develop new tightly binding and cleavage-resistant analogs of phosphatidylinositol, using relatively minor modifications of the structure. Two synthesized analogs, 2-amino-2-deoxy-PI (8) and the conformationally constrained analog (10) had binding affinities (Ki) in 10 μM range. 15N-1H HSQC NMR spectra of uniformly 15N-labeled bacterial Ca2+-nondependent and Ca2+-dependent phospholipases C, btPLC and saPLC1, respectively, displayed changes upon ligand binding that suggest an occurrence of a conformational change.


The article offers methodological guidelines aimed to improve the competitiveness of pharmaceutical indus-trial enterprises. The author discusses two ways to reduce costs of pharmaceutical products'' manufacturing: reducing the cost of raw materials by means of establishment of international relations or active import substitution, and the use of new types of production equipment. In addition, the paper considers the features of such leverages affecting the competitiveness of pharmaceutical companies as improvement of product quality, marketing development, availability of additional services, application of marketing tools.


In the last two decades the economic literature has devoted significant attention to the mechanisms behind firms' recruitment strategies as a possible way of reducing (un)employment problems. At the workfloor many efforts have also been made by firms to develop strategies that both alleviate conflicts with employees and at the same time lead to acceptable levels of productivity. This effort has resulted in the broad acceptance of the personnel management function in the firm. Examines how successful this approach has been by focusing on the gap between practice and theory in recruitment, by investigating the extent to which and the way in which experiences and findings from actual recruitment (personnel management) have been incorporated in economic theory. Gives an overview of findings on recruitment and selection strategies of firms, with a particular emphasis on economic motives.


Aim The use of intraoperative cell salvage as a tool for reducing allogenic transfusion has been demonstrated in pelvic osteotomies. The aims of this audit were to identify any problems or complications with cell salvage, reduction in allogenic transfusion and identify procedures that would benefit. Methods The use of cell salvage and allogenic transfusions were prospectively recorded over a 27-month period for all those who had major non spinal surgery looking at whether cell-salvage reduced allogenic transfusions and where cell salvage was used it was matched to procedure, diagnosis and age with cases where it was not used over the same time period. Results Cell salvage was used in 61 cases. For these, average blood loss was 624mls and re-transfused volume 176mls (range=0-888mls). There were no complications. 4 problems occurred, 2 where suction became desterilised and 2 with insufficient sample to process. Of those that were matched, 3/55 cases required allogenic transfusion versus 11/55 that did not have cell salvage (p=0.03). Sub group analysis according to procedure did not reach significance. Excluding those with osteogenesis imperfecta, no isolated femoral osteotomy required allogenic transfusion (total number=48). Conclusion Overall its use has reduced the number of children receiving allogenic blood and negates the need to cross match preoperatively. Group and save sample is probably sufficient for most major paediatric orthopaedic surgery with cell salvage. The specific indications for cell salvage have not been identified by this study, though useful in OI.