The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture: Ethnicity (Volume Six) By Celeste Ray, Volume Editor (Charles Reagan Wilson, General Editor) Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007. xviii + 296pp. Tables, maps, illustrations, bibliography, and index. $39.95 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-8078-3123-6; $19.95 (paper), ISBN 978-0-80785823-3.The highly successful 1989 Encyclopedia of Southern Culture captured a scholarly readership and articulated the South as a region of diversity within and across boundaries. Nevertheless, our understanding of "the many Souths" - and of the region's complex and hybrid identity - has changed greatly in the past two decades, and The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture: Ethnicity is a welcome publication.Like "southern" ethnicity itself, the new edition can be read as a whole or as multiple conversations about regional identity. This 24-volume set is a valuable library reference set that provides topical treatments appropriate for college-level instruction, research center libraries, or the general public.Celeste Ray's introduction to Ethnicity (volume 6) sets new sights for understanding globalization, creolization, and identity, furthering significantly George E. Pozzetta's 1989 essay on "Ethnic Life" asserting the South 's heterogeneity. Gwendolyn Midlo Hall, Hannah Gill, Sam Britt, and Gaines Foster join Ray in offering their perspectives on emerging scholarship through eight thematic essays. With relatively little overlap, the introduction and essays provide critical context for 88 entries in the encyclopedia, nearly tripling coverage of the original.Shawnee, Scots-Irish, and Salzburgers find expected places in this compendium, as do separate entries on Tigua Indians of Ysleta del Sur Pueblo, Travellers, and Turkish immigrants. This volume reaches both earlier and later in southern history to cover the early South and late twentieth century, emphasizing global connections stretching back centuries. Essays chart American Indian and hybrid identities specific to southern locations since 1600, European and African migrations, and a notably increasing presence of Asian and Latin American arrivals. The lack of a listing in the front matter for maps, tables, and author names requires more flipping through the book than necessary, but the text is engaging enough to overcome this small flaw. In its range of methodological treatments, breadth of coverage, and satisfying detail, this volume advances the fields of ethnic studies and southern culture.Hip-hop music and an upsurge in literary expression linked to the South have asserted distinct southern forms in American culture. At the same time, the national embrace of southern political leaders and NASCAR dilutes that uniqueness, placing regional identity in service of political machinery or commercialized spectatorship. In an era when only a fraction of southerners commonly eat grits, according to Gaines Foster, how are we to make sense of "southern" as an ethnicity at the same time that so many ethnic cultures find particular expression in the South?Binaries of black and white have never been adequate to explain the South. Folktales, foodways, and intergenerational traditions have articulated multi-faceted and persistent ethnicities, with constant renegotiations of ethnic identity. Whether seen as a single southern ethnic identity or as many subregional cultures, ethnicity in the South requires global and transnational perspectives.Ethnicity can become transparent, as shown by the alternating top ranking of English and German as self-reported ancestry in the South, despite documented prevalence of British Isles ancestry. Nationally, more Americans in 1990 and 2000 identified as German, although heritage activities did not corroborate that assertion. Perhaps it is true, as a Jewish friend once told me, that his consumption of bagels expressed Jewish affiliation m ways that mine, as a non-Jew, could not. If we choose what our activities mean, however, we should remember that ethnicity can be (reclaimed not only by those rediscovering ancestry, but also by those seeking heritage connections. …


Inorganic pyrophosphate(PPi)and MgCl2 were mixed with carp myosin B (MB) to give the final concentration of each 1mM, in the co-presence of 0.3, 0.5, or 0.7 M KCl and 40mM Tris buffer (pH 7.0). Changes in Ca-, Mg-, and EDTA-ATPase activities, ATP sensitivity of viscosity, and uitracentrifugal fractionation behavior of MB induced by treatment with PPi-MgCl2 and KCl were investigated with a lapse of time at 10°C. After the treatment with PPi-MgCl2 and KCl for 9h, ultracentrifugal sedimentation pattern and gel filtration profile on Sepharose Cl-4B followed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of MB were also examined. The results showed that a large portion of MB was dissociated into actin and myosin upon addition of PPi-MgCl2 in the presence of KCl. As the treatment time prolonged as well as KCl concentration increased, actin dissociated from MB gradually increased and denatured to lose its binding ability with myosin.


The basic purpose of the study is to find a metric-variable of competitiveness for each country's tax regime and to assess the impact of tax regime differentiation across the common market. A country adopting competitive taxation policies manages to attract productive factors, funds and investments from other intra- and inter-countries. The value added tax (VAT), property tax as well as corporate and personal taxes are examined for the twenty seven (27) European Union (EU) countries. The methods applied consist of Least Square Dummy variable models and the results from the estimations for each one of the aforementioned taxes are integrated into a new total competitiveness taxation index (TCTI), following weighted hierarchical quantitative approaches. Our findings suggest that significant differences still exist between the countries examined and the application of diverse tax regime systems results in various tax performances. Using the above procedure, we also find that subgroups exist within the (27) EU countries and that EU lacks taxation policies with common rules or restrictions. Following the TCTI methodology proposed by this research, a tool for monitoring EU tax regimes is introduced in order to assist in the EU integration to a common tax regime.


In this work, we report a novel, electric field induced hole injection reaction between thin films of single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) and a molecularly doped charge (hole) transport layer (CTL) comprising a hole transport molecule (TPD) doped in polycarbonate in the bilayer device configuration. The CNT bilayer device was shown to be able to charge and then discharge in the dark, whereas the controlled bilayer device, constructed by replacing the CNT film with a metal (TiZr) layer, remains charged up after charging. The discharge of the charged CNT bilayer device suggests that hole injection from the CNT film to the CTL (or electron transfer from the CTL to the CNT film) occurs and that the injected holes are neutralized by a series of isoenergetic electron transfer across the CTL. Results show that the rate of the initial discharge increases as the surface conductivity of the CNT film increases. Current–voltage and time-of-flight measurements suggest that the discharge process is limited by the mobi...


Liquid flow propelled by capillary forces is one of the most important transport mechanisms in porous environments. It is governed by a fascinating interplay of interfacial, viscous drag as well as gravitational forces which liquids encounter upon invasion into geometries with often complex topologies, such as capillary networks of trees or interconnected fractures in soils and ice. Here, we present fundamentals, concepts and an experimental, gravimetric study on the capillarity-driven invasion dynamics of liquids in networks of pores a few nanometers across in monolithic, nanoporous silica glass (porous Vycor). A variation of the complexity of the building blocks of the liquids investigated along with a variation of the humidity and the temperature upon spontaneous imbibition allows us to gain information regarding the fluidity and capillarity of liquids in such nanoporous environments. We observe square-root of time imbibition dynamics for all liquids applied, which we can quantitatively describe by both a conserved bulk fluidity in the pore center and bulk capillarity at the advancing menisci, if we assume a sticky boundary layer (negative velocity slip length). Moreover, pecularities of nanopore-confined liquids, such as transport via the vapor phase leading to preadsorbed liquid layers, have to be properly accounted for. Upon increasing the chain-length in the case of the n-alkanes, we found hints towards a transition from stick- to slip-flow at the pore walls with increasing chain-length and thus polymeric behavior. Meniscus freezing is reported for n-tetracosane confined in porous Vycor. For the rheology of a rod-like liquid nematogen (8OCB) we found no hints of the viscosity drop upon entering into the nematic phase, typical of the bulk rheology of this liquid crystal.


HTS Bi-SQUID elements inherently have a larger inductance due to the need for a bisecting junction. For a large single anti-peak feature in a non-uniform SQUID Array (SQA), the dimensionless screening parameter <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{{\beta }}}_{{L}} < 1$</tex-math></inline-formula> is desirable. Additionally, to reduce the side lobes, a full order of magnitude spread in <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{{\beta }}}_{{L}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>should be used. The bi-SQUID element can be used to obtain the largest area features in the distribution without having complications with elements requiring such a difference in size and thus different exposure times in the fabrication process. Additionally, several bi-SQUID elements in a large SQA can improve the linearity of the average voltage response to a varying magnetic field. We explore the successive introduction of Bi-SQUID elements to replace the largest area elements in a SQUID Array.


Using the Moser iterative technique and the theory of Leray-Schauder's degree,we considered the periodic boundary value problem for a class of degenerate parabolic equation of Logistic type and established the existence of nonnegative nontrivial periodic solutions.


Quantitative study of active tectonics needs to get a series of deformation parameters,and fault displacement is one of the most basic active parameters. Alluvial fan and terrace around active fault zones can record the information of time and strength of fault movement. River terrace as a most common landform contains structural information. It is meaningful for quantitative tectonic movement study to ascertain river terrace. In the article we use photogrammetric software virtuoNT to extract high resolution DEM. Based on DEM,the method and program for terrace analysis are built on the platform of ARCGIS. In the light of the distribution characteristics of slope and height,we generate the slope classification map and height classification map. And by multiplication of the two maps,the terrace landform map is generated. In the Zimakua region of Sichuan province,we applied the method to extract terrace information and got its distribution. We compared the terrace extracted based on DEM with the terrace interpreted in the filed,and the result shows that they have good consistency. The terrace boundaries record the information of fault dislocation. By measuring the dislocation of terrace boundary,we get the average dislocation of secondary fault to be 85.4m,which is in accord with the filed surveys. The results indicate that the method of terrace extraction based on DEM has the properties of high precision, high efficiency,visualization and so on.


This study investigates the effects of bank mergers on the welfare of affiliated client firms. The findings demonstrate that, in general, bank mergers increase the welfare of client firms. However, there are significant differences in the impact of a bank merger on client firms across different merger, bank, and firm characteristics. Client firms of banks involved in mega‐mergers do not enjoy an increase in welfare. Client firms of undercapitalized banks in fact suffer significant welfare losses. In the long‐run, weak "zombie" firms also in many cases experience welfare losses following the announcement of a merger by their main bank.


Objective To report our experience and result of intraluminal stenting and endosaccular coiling for an unruptured wide-necked basilar tip aneurysm. Methods Balloon-expandable stent was deployed across the aneurysmal neck through endovascular approach. Microcatheter was superselectively introduced into aneurysmal sac for GDC packing. Results The procedure was technically successful. The proximal segment of stent was deployed in basilar artery, and distal segment in left PCA. The aneurysm was subtotaly (more than 90%) occluded with patency of parent artery and adjacent perforating arteries. Conclusions Endovascular stenting combined with endosaccular coilng is an alternative method for treating basilar tip wide-necked aneurysm, and deployment of stent yields no adversary effect on flow of branch vessels.


In this article, we introduce a characterization of the log-density smoothing spline ANOVA model. We show that in a log-density ANOVA model of order r (consisting of the main effects and all the interactions of order up to r), the joint density function is uniquely determined by the collection of all r-dimensional marginal densities. Furthermore, the order r model is the largest log-density ANOVA model under which the joint density function is uniquely determined by the r-dimensional marginals. Our results are valid for log-density ANOVA model with other general structures.


Information on contraceptive knowledge use and availability and limited fertility data were collected in November 1978 for the Contraceptive Prevalence Survey in Thailand. Some background information on Thailand a detailed discussion of the methodology of the survey and a comparison of the characteristics of respondents with those of the 1974-75 Survey of Population Change precede the presentation of findings. Age at marriage is 20.0 years for the country as a whole and marriage is universal among those 25 years and older. Thailands total fertility rate fell by 41% between 1964 and 1978 with a 25% decline between 1974 and 1978. The marital general fertility rate in the south 233.8 live births per 1000 currently married woemn is almost 40% higher than the national rate 168.7 births per 1000 women. Desired family size was found to be related to the age and education of the woman. Awareness of contraceptive methods was almost universal and narly 70% of ever married women aged 15-49 had used contraception at some time with almost all reporting use of a method at the survey data. 40% of these used the pill 25% had been sterilized 7% were married to vasectomized men 9% used injectables 8% used IUDs and 4% used condoms. 70% of the currently married women interviewed did not want additional children.


OBJECTIVE
To detect promoter hypermethylation of the p16 gene in pre- and post-operative plasma, matched cancer tissues and para-tumor non-cancerous tissues of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma for evaluating the effectiveness of therapeutic intervention.

METHODS
Primary tumor tissues and para-tumor tissues and preoperative plasma samples of 84 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were collected, and 14-21 days' post-operative plasma of 30 of the 84 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy was available. Plasma of 15 healthy people was also collected as control. After sodium-bisulfite treatment, extracted DNA was amplified for p16 promoter hypermethylation by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). The PCR products were detected by both gel-ethidium bromide electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatogram (HPLC).

RESULTS
Among the samples from 84 patients, p16 hypermethylation was detected in 26 (31.0%) cancer tissues and 2 (0.02%) para-tumor non-cancerous tissues and 12 (14.3%) preoperative plasma, while plasma of the healthy people was negative. In all positive plasma, the paired primary tumor tissues were also confirmed to be methylated. As far as samples from 30 patients with post-operative plasma were concerned, 14 cancer tissues and 6 preoperative plasma samples were positive, and only 1 of 6 post-operative plasma remained hypermethylated. The results detected by HPLC exactly matched those by gel-ethidium bromide electrophoresis.

CONCLUSION
Promoter hypermethylation of the p16 gene detected in plasma consists with that in primary cancer tissues of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. The alteration of status of hypermethylation of p16 in post-operative plasma is considered the consequences of surgical intervention. HPLC can be used as an efficient tool in detecting the product of MSP.


Biomass characteristics are necessary for the proper selection of the gasification system and to design and evaluate the performance of biomass gasifiers. The coir pith is analyzed for its physical properties, chemical composition and kinetic parameters. The mean particle size of coir pith was found to be 0.551 mm. The relative size range of the coir pith was found to be 0.817. The bulk density, porosity and particle density of coir pith were found to be 87.0 kg m-3, 71.4% and 305.0 kg m-3 respectively. Coir pith was found to have more volatiles (62.0%) than fixed carbon (26.0%) and ash (12.0%). The elemental carbon and oxygen were found to be 47.1 and 48.3 per cent respectively. The calorific value of coir pith was found to be 18.24 MJ kg-1. Thermograms obtained for raw coir pith revealed distinct stages of thermal degradation. The ignition temperature was found to be 550 oC.


Coating composition for applying to a plant structure of a monocotyledonous plant from which roots and shoots are capable of growing, wherein the said coating composition comprises an organic carrier material and one or more biological agents that possess an activity against at least one or more pathogens of the said monocotyledonous plant.


The microstructure and mechanical properties of adjacent weld area were simulated using welding thermal simulation technology at different welding inputs when Tm was 1 350 ℃,and the macroscopic mechanical properties of base metal were tested.Comparative analysis of microstructure and properties of adjacent weld area at different welding inputs was carried out.The results show that the microstructures,which experience three welding heat inputs,are mainly LB and little carbide;With the increase of welding energy,the grain of adjacent weld area becomes bigger,and the width of LB becomes thicker with the reduction of strength and increase of toughness,but the overall properties are basically the same with that of base metal.The optimum matching strength and toughness is achieved when the welding energy is 12 kJ/cm.


Culture is involved in the innovation of ideological teaching for college students.Its development is going beyond the control of cultural traditions for the transformation of new cultural model.The cultural contents can be shown in three aspects:life,humanity,and theoretical awareness.


Background:  We describe the methodology for the 2008 update of the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines. The methodology differs from the 2001 edition in several respects. The most prominent change is the application of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to compiling evidence, assessing the quality of evidence and grading of recommendations.


We use a rigorous electromagnetic approach to analyze the fundamental limit of light-trapping enhancement in grating structures. This limit can exceed the bulk limit of 4n2, but has significant angular dependency. We explicitly show that 2D gratings provide more enhancement than 1D gratings. We also show the effects of the grating profile's symmetry on the absorption enhancement limit. Our findings provide general guidance for the design of grating structures for light-trapping solar.


Masked civet is a kind of animals that hide by day and come out at night.Its food intake at night has a distinct regularity.It has been found by our survey for 3 days in succession that the masked civet eats mainly in the first midnight with a eating peak at 18:30~20:30 that accounts for about 35% of the total food intake a whole day.


1580Background: HLRCC is a hereditary condition with autosomal dominant inheritance due to germline mutations in the fumarate-hydratase gene (FH). It is characterized by skin leiomyomas (SLM) in 48...


While the evidence is internationally inconclusive, social protection systems have been blamed for various perverse incentives or unintended consequences. This article explores one particular case in point. The South African Constitution and the Social Assistance Act of 2004 provide a child support grant (CSG) to low-income single parents/caregivers. There is nevertheless concern regarding possible perverse incentives of the grant, sparking debate that it may encourage teenage pregnancy. Several studies have examined the validity of the claim, yet methodological weaknesses cast doubt on their conclusions. This article examines the probability of being pregnant with another child among black teenagers receiving the CSG in South Africa compared with black teenagers who are not recipients. Results indicate that black teenagers aged 15-18 years receiving the grant have significantly lower odds of being pregnant with another child compared with their peers who do not receive the grant, controlling for demographic and socioeconomic factors.

Related Articles
Flavin, Patrick, Alexander Pacek, and Benjamin Radcliff. 2011. "State Intervention and Subjective Well-Being in Advanced Industrial Democracies." Politics & Policy 39 (2): 251-269. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011.00290.x/abstract Coan, James. 2008. "The Value of Proposed Income Tax Credits to the Office of Child Support Enforcement's Caseload: A Comparison and Recommendations." Politics & Policy 36 (5): 806-833. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2008.00136.x/abstract Luccisano, Lucy, and Amy Romagnoli. 2007. "Comparing Public Social Provision and Citizenship in the United States, Canada, and Mexico: Are There Implications for a North American Space?" Politics & Policy 35 (4): 716-751. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2007.00082.x/abstract

Related Media
PEST Technologies. 2010. "Face the Facts: Teen Pregnancy." August 20. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDo-EuyFYSg Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 2011. "A Message to Health Care Professionals: Teen Pregnancy." October 10. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vjdd41VbNvk ABC News. 2009. "Teen Pregnancy: After Baby Is Born." June 24. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rb4u46f9fS8


Thermal treatment of pesticide-contaminated soil is one of the effective methods of purifying soil from harmful pollution. Since pesticides have a harmful effect on humans and the environment, especially if they enter the body through food, there is a need to reduce their amount in the soil. Thermal treatment of soil contaminated with pesticides consists in raising the temperature of the soil to a certain level, which allows the destruction of pesticides and other harmful substances. The purpose of this work is to analyze the results of previously conducted studies using high-temperature processing and their conclusions regarding the effectiveness of the method.
The review of research was conducted on the basis of the criteria for the effectiveness of thermal treatment and its potential use for the remediation of pesticide-contaminated soils.
Recent research shows that thermal treatment of pesticide-contaminated soil can be a self- sufficient and simple method of soil purification. However, further research is needed in this area to improve methodology, techniques and environmental safety development regarding post-procedural soil behavior and waste disposal. All this can help in further work on solving the problems of soil pollution and help preserve the health of people and ecosystems.
It has been established that heat treatment is one of the most effective methods of remediation of soil contaminated with pesticides. It allows you to reduce the level of pollution by a significant amount after just one application of this method. However, before using the treatment, it is necessary to study in detail all possible factors affecting the effectiveness of the method, including temperature, duration of treatment, type of soil and others.
Various methods of heat treatment, their effectiveness and possibilities of use in real conditions were analyzed. The main factors affecting the effectiveness of the method, as well as various options for the application of heat treatment, depending on the type of soil and the level of contamination, were also investigated.


UV laser ablation is promising for the cutting of FPCB. However, it has such problems to address as surface debris and short...


Based on the investigation of open questionnaires and theoretical analysis,the present study constructed a theoretical model of the structure of self-esteem of college students and compiled Rating Questionnaire of this stucture.The authors made an exploratory and confirmatory analysis and found that:(1)This questionnaire had better reliability,validity and applicability;(2)The structure of the self-esteem of college students was mainly composed of sense of significance,self-competence,belongingness and appearance.


Under the traditional management mode of the distribution network, the marginal cost of large-scale investment to improve efficiency is becoming much higher, so the State Grid Corporation of China(SGCC)puts forward the concept of "unit planning". Under this background, by aiming at the highest score, this paper constructs a problem-based method to evaluate the development level of the distribution network, and introduces the amount of planned projects, the total investment and others as constraints to construct the objective function. Aimed to solve the objective function, this paper proposes the implementation steps of scheme optimization by determining the corresponding data requirements and the processing methods of specific data. For improving the computational efficiency, the algorithm is optimized by combining the Branch and Bound Algorithm(BBA). It is proved that the proposed method can achieve the optimal scheme by the practical data of a certain city in Jiangsu Province in 2017.


Made some descriptions and analysis of specific situations that occurred in the process of Chinese translation,and made some analysis and summarize for the title,person in charge,version,It is very important that how to unite data,to achieve bibliographic data standardization and unification,to unify catalogue rules.In order to achieve scientific development better,should unify catalogue rules,and keep up with the times,to adapt to changing needs.


The merging of the healthcare and social sectors together in DEASS raises the question of a point of contact between these areas in the teaching of psychopathology. The idea of designing one single Bachelor programme arises from the premise of the existence of a common denominator: meeting the sufferer. Before acquiring specialist skills, operators in both the healthcare and social sectors must first of all meet the sufferer. The programme consists of three stages: clinic, world and body. The clinical part includes meeting the person with the mental disorder in the course of the story, the empathic dimension and understanding the defensive mechanisms. The second stage, the world, moves through semiology (mental functions and related psychopathological dimensions) and nosography. It does not much matter if it is
the body or the psyche that is suffering, since one cannot be considered without the other. The final stage, therefore, is that of the bodily dimension: violated body, deformed body and sexed body.


Objective: to analyze the risk factors for the abandonment of tuberculosis treatment in the municipality of Porto Velho - RO, from 2010 to 2015. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study of the data collected in the National Disease Notification System of all tuberculosis patients who abandoned treatment in the municipality. Analysis was performed through frequency distribution, after meeting the ethical precepts. Results: male (73.6%), mean age 34.8 years, brown color/ race (70.2%), low schooling (35.1%), unemployment (8.9%), new case (64.3%), pulmonary clinical form (87.4%), suspected x-ray (75%), sputum smear positive (62.5%), monthly checkups unconcluded/ blank monthly control tests four months of treatment and not being accompanied by the Directly Observed Treatment regimen, were considered as risk factors for abandonment. Conclusion: the need for action on these factors is evidenced, in order to provide subsidies for the control of the disease. realizados/ en blanco, aproximadamente cuatro meses de tratamiento y no ser acompañado por el régimen del Tratamiento Directamente Observado, constituyeron como factores de riesgo para el abandono. Conclusión: se evidencia la necesidad de acciones sobre estos factores, a fin de proporcionar subsidios para el control de la enfermedad. Descriptores: Tuberculosis; Pacientes desistentes del tratamiento; Factores de riesgo; Cumplimiento de la medicación; Epidemiología.


Based on level analytical method,best matching method and pessimism-optimism decision-making method,this paper gives the answer of choose the best graduate student from candidates and makes a reasonable matching between tutors and graduate students.The data is expressed as matrix and matrixes are expressed as tables.In order to getting the max satisfaction goal of choosing and matching,this paper uses the method of level analytical and the software of Matlab to get the satisfaction matrix in different problems,and uses the method of best matching and the software of Lingo to achieve the goal of the reasonable matching.


Augustine's teaching on wealth and poverty, on the relations between the poor and the rich has been extensively studied in the past few decades. However, much attention has not been given to his considerations on the prosperity of the wicked and the tendency of the faithful to serve God for an immediate material reward. In this paper, I examine the bishop of Hippo's preaching on this question. Predominantly, in his Sermones ad populum and Enarrationes in Psalmos, Augustine constantly calls his flock to acknowledge the author of prosperity and of all good things as the Supreme Good, and to prefer him to all the ephemerous possessions they may have in this world. Above all, he encourages the faithful to despise the prosperity of the wicked which is only apparent and to hope for God himself their reward for serving him.


A new concrete fracture geometry is presented, which can quantify multiple fracture properties from a single specimen test. The disk-shaped compact tension (DCT) geometry allows specimens to be fabricated from laboratory cylinders or field cores. The DCT fracture test characterizes the concrete's critical stress intensity factor, KIC, critical crack-tip opening displacement, CTODc, and initial fracture energy, Gf, as well as the specimen-dependent total fracture energy, GF. The DCT-based fracture properties have the same experimental variation as the single-edge notched beam test. The experimentally derived fracture parameters were implemented into a cohesive zone model, which enabled estimation of concrete tensile strength from field-extracted cores.


Scientific forecasting of the demand for aviation spares has always been a focus of modern spares support experts. An analysis model based on aircraft availability for determining the repairable spares demand is proposed. Two models are constructed respectively. ModelⅠis subject to economic target with objective function of aircraft availability; modelⅡis subject to aircraft availability with objective function of economy. In addition, an optimization method is offered to calculate the model. Finally, with the example of a new-generation aircraft, the model is proved valid by the practical repairable spares support.


Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/marriottstudentreview Part of the Benefits and Compensation Commons, Business Administration, Management, and Operations Commons, Business and Corporate Communications Commons, Business Law, Public Responsibility, and Ethics Commons, Entrepreneurial and Small Business Operations Commons, Other Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons, and the Social Work Commons


PURPOSE
To develop a first principle and multi-scale model for normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) as a function of dose and LET for proton and in general for particle therapy with a goal of incorporating nano-scale radio-chemical to macro-scale cell biological pathways, spanning from initial DNA damage to tissue late effects.

METHODS
The method is combination of analytical and multi-scale computational steps including (1) derivation of functional dependencies of NTCP on DNA driven cell lethality in nanometer and mapping to dose and LET in millimeter, and (2) 3D-surface fitting to Monte Carlo data set generated based on post radiation image change and gathered for a cohort of 14 pediatric patients treated by scanning beam of protons for ependymoma. We categorize voxel-based dose and LET associated with development of necrosis in NTCP.

RESULT
Our model fits well the clinical data, generated for post radiation tissue toxicity and necrosis. The fitting procedure results in extraction of in-vivo radio-biological α-β indices and their numerical values.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
The NTCP model, explored in this work, allows to correlate the tissue toxicities to DNA initial damage, cell lethality and the properties and qualities of radiation, dose and LET.


A plurality of transmission antennas in the user equipment are transmitting data and a plurality of receiving antennas receives data. In the user equipment, a signal is received at each antenna. The received signals include signals transmitted by the respective transmission antennas. And it generates the received signal combined by sampling each received antenna signal. To estimate the overall channel response comprising a channel response for each transmit and receive antenna combinations. It processes the received composite signal and the overall channel response to produce a spread data vector. By despreading the spread data vector to recover the transmitted data.


Nobel lectures are excellent documents of scholarly communications.Through the citation analysis of Nobel lectures,one can trace the origin and development of the ideas related to the topic of research.In this paper,6 Nobel laureates in genetics were taken as examples,and synchronous references were analyzed in chronological order and on authors' different distributions.The purpose of this study is to reveal the information value of Nobel lecture and lay the foundation for systematic research of the intrinsic mechanism in the generation and development of the major scientific and technological achievements.


Summary In order to avoid global accumulation of hydrogen during a severe accident, passive auto-catalytic recombiners (PARs) are installed at different locations inside the containment of light water reactors (LRWs). During the start-up phase, PARs located close to the containment wall might have to establish the internal upward directed chimney flow against a downward directed near-wall flow inside the LWR containment. A set of first experiments in the REKO-4 facility at JULICH have been performed in order to provide first orienting results on the effect of a downward directed flow on the PAR start-up. The test series includes experiments performed under counter flow conditions as well as in quiescent atmosphere as reference case. The effect of the chimney geometry has been investigated using three different chimney geometries. The formation of the chimney flow inside the PAR is affected by the design and geometry of the PAR housing. For all chimneys used, an earlier local start-up of the catalytic reaction on the upper edge of the catalyst sheets is observed under counter flow conditions. However, the establishment of full PAR operation requires more time compared to the corresponding reference cases. In chimneys with additional hood, no negative effect on the PAR performance can be observed once a developed chimney flow inside the PAR has been established. In tests without hood, the initial downward flow through the PAR induces an inverse temperature profile on the catalyst sheets. Although the chimney flow is able to establish against the counter flow, a significantly lower level of hydrogen conversion is achieved.


New Jersey Transit (NJT) is investigating acquisition of an automated vehicle locator (AVL) system. The purpose of the AVL system is to monitor the location of buses. Knowing the location of a bus allows the operator to manage the bus fleet more efficiently and to provide customers with up-to-the-minute information on bus arrivals and departures. To monitor the location of the buses, their positional information (as determined by the AVL) is displayed on a digital map such as a geographic information system. To ensure accurate information, the location (coordinates) of the bus must be consistent (or within a small tolerance) with those of the digital map. If this is not the case, the system can yield incorrect information. This problem might become especially critical in an urban area where the system would be most valuable. The methodology that was developed for testing and evaluating the accuracies of AVL systems and available digital maps is described. The AVL system analyzed is the continuous positioning system by Andrew Corporation. Digital mapping products evaluated were TIGER, Navtech, and Digital Orthophotos. These data sets were evaluated with an accurate network of control points measured by a global positioning system. Some recommendations on the appropriateness of the tested AVL system and NJT's digital mapping data are made.


S AND INFORMATION ON SESSIONS AND PRESENTATIONS Pre-conference training course on Concepts of Nature-Based Solutions, Mon May 18th (Augustinus Auditorium) Hilde Eggermont, Belgian Biodiversity Platform (Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, OD Nature), email@example.com Report on the outcomes of the 2014 BiodivERsA workshop on NBS: framing an emerging concept that may deeply influence future environmental research in Europe BiodivERsA is a network of national organisations that program, fund and promote pan-European research that offers innovative opportunities for the conservation and sustainable management and use of biodiversity. Considering Nature-Based Solutions as a major emerging issue for the biodiversity research community, the network organised a two-day horizon scanning meeting in June 2014 to exchange views in the concept. During this presentation, we will shed light on the workshop outcomes to inform scientists, policy-makers and other stakeholders on its framing conditions, its added-value with respect to existing concepts, and perceived future challenges for research and management.


An alignment method for correction of the axial and radial runout errors of the rotation stage in X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography has been developed. Only intensity information was used, without extra hardware or complicated calculation. Notably, the method, as demonstrated herein, can utilize the halo artifact to determine displacement.


Non-Referential ArchitectureGlass Architecture and Alpine Architecture by Bruno TautMaterials, Form and ArchitectureKatsuraSublime VisionsBruno Taut and the Architecture of ActivismMaterials and Meaning in ArchitectureBruno Taut: Alpine ArchitekturMythomaniaSThe Victory of the New Building StyleThe Gray ClothFundamentals of Japanese ArchitectureGlass Architecture by Paul Scheerbart and Alpine Architecture by Bruno TautThe City Crown by Bruno TautBernini and the Bell TowersAbalos & HerrerosModern Architecture and ExpressionismModern Architecture Since 1900DisfiguringThe Light ClubThe Illustrated Encyclopedia of Architects and ArchitectureBruno TautUtopiaThe City Crown by Bruno TautArchitectural DiplomacyHousing Estates in the Berlin Modern StyleWeimar SurfacesBruno Taut's Design Inspiration for the GlashausWeimar ThoughtGlass ArchitectureAlpenorteAlpine ArchitectureGlass Architecture by Paul Scheerbart and Alpine Architecture by Bruno TautGlass ArchitectureEncyclopedia of Twentieth Century ArchitectureA Life In PicturesSfera E Il LabirintoHouses and People of JapanModern ArchitectureModern Architecture: A Critical History (World of Art)


Abstract Machinery used in mining and mineral processing industry suffers from severe degradation through abrasive wear. The current techniques used to extend the wear life of components exposed to these environments include the heat treatment of steels and the hardfacing of surfaces using fusion welding techniques. However, thermal spraying techniques such as the use of high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) composite coatings based on WC–Co system offer better wear resistance and greater flexibility in application. The ability to deposit microstructured coatings by the HVOF process is well established, but the ability to deposit nanostructured coatings is relatively new and posses a challenge. This paper reviews the application of the HVOF coating technique, and compares the wear resistant behaviour of a C–Mn steel substrate coated using micro- and nanostructured WC–Co based coatings.


We synthesized a low-cost, highly catalytic tungsten carbide that was embedded in ordered mesoporous carbon (WC-OMC). This was used as a counter electrode (CE) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). For comparison, we also evaluated the catalytic activity of bare WC, and several normal carbon materials for the organic redox couple of thiolate/disulfide (T−/T2). The DSCs showed highly photovoltaic conversion efficiencies, ranging from 4.75% to 5.34%. The efficiency of the DSC composed of WC-OMC was 45% higher than that of Pt. Based on kinetic studies, the increased efficiency was caused by the increased exchange current density and decreased charge transfer resistance.


A dynamic discontinuity tracking method to achieve shock fitting is presented. The method is based on the properties of Roe's scheme which becomes an exact Riemann solver when grid lines are aligned with the discontinuity. To make full use of this property, a technique that moves and adapts the grid in order to align and position element interfaces on the discontinuities is proposed. This algorithm is implemented with a conventional two-dimensional finite volume solver on unstructured triangular meshes. The method's ability to retrieve the exact solution is investigated on simple problems having analytical solutions.


Early pregnancy growth It appears that fetal growth in the first trimester is an indicator of growth in late pregnancy. By measuring the crown to rump length ultrasonically between 10 and 14 weeks, it seems possible to predict which pregnancies are at risk of later complications, such as growth restrictions, preterm delivery and stillbirth. A study by Mook-Kanamori et al. (JAMA 2010;303:527–34) compared the actual length with the predicted length of fetuses of women who were sure of the first day of their last menstrual period (LMP). When the fetus was smaller than expected, the chances of 'placentation-related' complications rose, irrespective of the mother's height or weight. The further behind the norm for the gestational age, the greater the risk of a poor outcome later. The accuracy of the data relies on the woman's recall of her LMP and that conception occurred on day 14 of her cycle, but it is also possible that late ovulation is associated with an increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities which are more likely to have lower growth velocities and more suboptimal outcomes. The researchers from the Netherlands showed that poor growth was associated with maternal age, diastolic blood pressure and haematocrit, as well as smoking and the failure to use folic acid supplementation. Factors linked to optimal first trimester growth were increasing maternal age up to 32 years, folate supplement use and higher education levels, whereas factors linked to shorter crown to rump length were a raised diastolic blood pressure reading, higher haematocrit, non-Dutch ethnicity and smoking. Those in the lowest 20% of measurements were twice as likely to have pregnancy complications as those falling within the normal range. This cohort was also more likely to demonstrate accelerated early catch-up growth which was completed in the first 2 years of life, but is associated with long-term chronic cardiovascular and metabolic disease. As Smith points out in an editorial (JAMA 2010;303:561–2), the combination of placental protein levels, such as pregnancyassociated plasma protein A, placental growth factor and activin A, plus ultrasound measurements needs to be investigated to create a robust screening tool to identify women at risk of complications in late pregnancy. Interventions will also need development, but these data move the very early diagnosis of at-risk pregnancies a step closer.


An evolution-type differential equation encodes the intersection theory of tautological classes on the Hilbert scheme of a family of nodal curves. To Herb Clemens: mentor, collaborator, friend INTRODUCTION Let X/B be a family of nodal or smooth curves and L a line bundle on X. Let X B denote the relative Hilbert scheme of length-m subschemes of fibres of X/B, and Λm(L) the tautological bundle associated to L, which is a rank-m bundle on X [m] B . The term 'Hilbert-Mumford Calculus' refers to the intersection calculus of 'tautological classes', i.e. polynomials in the Chern classes of Λm(L). This calculus, which is an extension of the classical work of Macdonald [4], was developed in [5], [6] and other papers, where a number of examples and computations were given, with the more involved ones mostly based on the Macnodal computer program developed for this purpose by Gwoho Liu [3]. Our purpose here is to show that this calculus can be encoded in a linear second-order partial differential equation satisfied by a suitable generating function (see (2.38), (2.39) below). While the result is mostly a reformulation of results in [6], it improves on the latter in that it uses the standard language of differential calculus and moreover avoids the complex recursiveness inherent in [6]. In more detail, let Wm(X/B) denote the Hilbert scheme of length-m flags in fibres and consider the infinite-flag Hilbert scheme W(X/B) = lim ←−W m(X/B) ⊂∏ m X B which is endowed with discriminant or big diagonal operators Γ(m) pulled back from X B and with classes Li pulled back from the i-th X factor. It was shown in [5] that the Chern numbers of the tautological bundles can be expressed as linear combinations Date: January 24, 2015. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. 14N99, 14H99.


Online shopping is an activity of buying and selling by utilizing the development of internet technology. The higher level of online shopping consumers has led to the phenomenon of e-commerce, like Zalora and Lazada. Consumers of online shopping in Special Region of Yogyakarta conducting online shopping activities are influenced by factors such as perception of easy to use, perception of perceived benefits, perception of risk, trust, consumer attitudes and online shopping interests. The design of research is descriptive and quantitative research using incidental sampling method. Data collection technique is carried out by distributing questionnaires using Google forms with the number of samples studied is 155 respondents. In order to test the hypothesis, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used with analysis technique based on Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of this study show that 1) There is a positive and significant effect of perception of easy to use on consumer attitudes, 2) There is a positive and significant effect of perception of perceived benefits on consumer attitudes, 3) There is a negative and insignificant effect of risk perception on consumer attitudes, 4) There is a positive and significant influence of trust on consumer attitudes, 5) There is a positive and significant influence of consumer attitudes on online shopping interest.


To solve the problem of extracting and locating the manual circular marks from complex background in the image of range visual measurement, two kinds of extraction methods of circular manual mark were studied, one was the interactive extraction method based on region of interest and the other was the extraction method based on image gray scale and geometric morphology. In this paper, the two methods are introduced at first, and then the methods are adopted to extract the circular marks from the image of visual measurement. The edge extraction and positioning results are compared, and the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods are analyzed. The result shows that the first method can extract the edge of the circular mark smoothly, but this method a lot by the image of the circular marks, while, the second method is less affected by the image of the circular mark. But the edge extracted by the second method is serrated, and part of the circular mark pixels misidentified as background, which is not in conformity with the actual situation.


A single-mode fibre optic wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer at 1.32 ?m and 1.55 ?m, constructed from a fused evanescent wave coupler, is described. This device has an insertion loss of less than 0.05 dB and a wavelength isolation of 16 dB at 1.32 ?m and 18 dB at 1.55 ?m.


Mohamed Ibrahim 1 , Mohamed Hany 2 , Ahmed Zidan 1 and Tamer N Abdelbaki 2 . 1. Department of Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt. 2. Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt. .......................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History Received: 09 July 2019 Final Accepted: 12 August 2019 Published: September 2019


A method of calculating as‐deposited elemental film composition during the actual deposition process was developed using optical emission spectroscopy of the glow discharge. These results are demonstrated by analyses of a series of thin film Ag1−xSix alloys fabricated using radio frequency sputter deposition with composite Ag+Si sputter targets. Using intensity ratios of the Si (251.6 nm), Ag (328.1 nm), and Ar (419.8 nm) emission lines after equilibration of the substrate temperature, estimates of at. % Si in the films were calculated which agreed well with post‐deposition composition measurements of the films by Auger electron spectroscopy.


Carbon-14-labeled acetylsalicylic acid in conjunction with liquid scintillation counting and autoradiography was used to study the absorption and localization of the drug in the rat stomach. Lesions were produced in rats following oral administration of from 50 to 600 mg./Kg. The concentration of acetylsalicylic acid in the rumen and corpus portions of the stomach and in other tissues was determined for various time intervals after administration. The localization of the drug was studied in both the mucosal and muscularis surfaces of the stomach.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of adiponectin in the delayed embryonic development of Cynopterus sphinx. Adiponectin receptor (ADIPOR1) abundance was first observed to be lower during the delayed versus non‐delayed periods of utero‐embryonic unit development. The effects of adiponectin treatment on embryonic development were then evaluated during the period of delayed development. Exogenous treatment increased the in vivo rate of embryonic development, as indicated by an increase in weight, ADIPOR1 levels in the utero‐embryonic unit, and histological changes in embryonic development. Treatment with adiponectin during embryonic diapause showed a significant increase in circulating progesterone and estradiol concentrations, and in production of their receptors in the utero‐embryonic unit. The adiponectin‐induced increase in estradiol synthesis was correlated with increased cell survival (BCL2 protein levels) and cell proliferation (PCNA protein levels) in the utero‐embryonic unit, suggesting an indirect effect of adiponectin via estradiol synthesis by the ovary. An in vitro study further confirmed the in vivo findings that adiponectin treatment increases PCNA levels together with increased uptake of glucose by increasing the abundance of glucose transporter 8 (GLUT8) in the utero‐embryonic unit. The in vitro study also revealed that adiponectin, together with estradiol but not alone, significantly increased ADIPOR1 protein levels. Thus, adiponectin works in concert with estradiol to increase glucose transport to the utero‐embryonic unit and promote cell proliferation, which together accelerate embryonic development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: 1086–1102, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


A dual-mode tunable CMOS power amplifier in a standard 0.18-µm CMOS process is presented. The tunable PA is designed for the IEEE 802.11g application with enhanced low-power efficiency. A reconfigurable matching network along with resizing of a PA core device is exploited corresponding to the operation modes: high-power and low-power modes. The tunable PA demonstrates measured output powers of 15.7 dBm with the PAE of 18.5% for high-power mode and 10 dBm with the PAE of 15.1% for low-power mode while satisfying EVM and spectrum mask requirements of the 802.11g specification. More than 130% efficiency-enhancement is achieved by incorporating the proposed low-power mode up to 10-dBm output power, which is a significant enhancement. To our knowledge, this is the first fully-integrated tunable PA with on-chip tunable matching network using a standard CMOS process.


We conducted a random blind study to assess the effect of IV FS 2 mg/kg or 5% DW in 0.25 NaCl (control) on interstitial fluid mobilization and cardiorespiratory function in 7 infants with HMD. Criteria for entry into the trial were: peripheral edema and FiO2>.4 to maintain PaO2>50 torr. Echocardiogram and multiple gas analyses were performed in the 2 hours preceding and following the treatment. Results (mean ± SD):In spite of the diuresis, measurements of dynamic skinfold thickness did not confirm mobilization of subcutaneous interstitial water. We conclude that FS has a potent diuretic effect in infants with HMD but it does not improve cardiorespiratory function acutely. This may be due to failure to mobilize pulmonary interstitial fluid in the time period tested.


The field of regenerative medicine seeks to create replacement tissues and organs, both to repair deficiencies in biological function and to treat structural damage caused by injury. Scaffoldings mimicking extracellular matrix (ECM), the structure to which cells attach to form tissues, have been developed from synthetic polymers and also been prepared by decellularizing adult tissue. However, the structure of ECM undergoes significant remodeling during natural tissue repair, suggesting that ECM-replacement constructs that mirror developing tissues may promote better regeneration than those modeled on adult tissues. This work investigated the effectiveness of a method of viewing the extracellular matrix of developing embryos. Embryos were perfused with acrylamide, polymerized, and decellularized with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Cell nuclei were stained with a fluorescent DNA-binding compound to verify decellularization. Wholemount embryos were stained and used to verify that the overall structure of the ECM was not altered. Antibody staining was combined with fluorescent confocal microscopy to determine the presence of fibrillin-2 (FBN2), fibronectin (FN), tenascin-C (TNC), and collagen-VI (COL6). This study demonstrated that while the results of SDS decellularization depend on SDS concentration, embryonic stage, the protein under consideration, and the region of the embryo examined, FBN2 and FN tended to maintain their natural structure and to become more visible with treatment, while TNC and COL6 tended to be disrupted and removed. Future efforts to develop tissue-replacement constructs may benefit by using this method to examine, quantify, and mimic the structure and composition of specific proteins of developing ECM.


Diabetes mellitus is a global health problem in 21st century. The incidence of diabetes mellitus is in rise and is estimated to be more prevalent in coming years. It is becoming one of the most common non-infectious and non-neoplastic causes of morbidity and mortality. Various complications are associated with diabetes mellitus. With control of blood glucose level, complications of diabetes mellitus can be minimized. In different time frame, different parameters and level have been used to diagnose diabetes. Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c is one of the reliable indicator of chronic hyperglycemia. In 2011, World Health Organization has included HbA1c in the diagnostic criteria. Various methods are used to detect the level of HbA1c.  Glycosylated hemoglobin is being used in the management of diabetes mellitus. Various studies have shown its prognostic implication in micro and macrovascular complications. Here we discuss various methods of estimation of HbA1c, various role of HbA1c in the management of Diabetes Mellitus and limitation of the test.


Transcendentalists, such as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau and Walt Whitman, trying to advocate and pursue American individualism, had their anti-federalist tradition, which was closely related to the notion of a minimal state. In favor of an independent life close to Nature, they laid much emphasis on humanity, reason, and individualism. Loving Nature, the incarnation of God and ultimate value (reason), Emerson and Thoreau were more convinced that the best government was the one that governed least. Emerson, the drafter of transcendentalism, was more concerned about human protection, while Thoreau was stoic in life and tended to defy injustice by means of uncooperative disobedience such as refusal to pay taxes. Regarding human division of labor as something making a society thrive, Whitman would rather consider Government nothing more than a protector or cultivator. There is no evidence that proves American transcendentalists like Emerson, Thoreau, and Whitman to be influenced by American Founding Fathers, but it seems that they, living in the 19th century, had much in common with one another in the notions about reason, the laws of nature, rights of nature, and individualism, and that such political views and ideals might have derived from some of the main ideas of those constitutionalism forerunners such as John Locke. Hued with a deist tendency, these transcendentalists might ever be in an attempt to transform the divine quality of the natural law into a rational one for the pursuit of happiness. Although looking much more like doctrines than theories, their political thoughts may have shown people the way to individual independence and freedom.


Introduction Deciding the acetabular cup inclination and anteversion is an important step in total hip arthroplasty. Despite numerous studies focusing on enhancement of precise positioning into anatomical safe zone, problem remains regarding which is the "optimal anteversion" and what is the proper anatomical reference during the surgery. Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate pelvic tilt angle measured in standing lateral view of pelvis in patients with hip osteoarthritis, and to find out the correlations between pelvic tilt angle (on Lewinnek anterior pelvic plane) and optimal anteversion position in total hip arthroplasty surgery. Results The average pelvic tilt angle is 8.79 degree with standard deviation 8.25 degree. There have no statistically significant difference between the pelvic tilt angles of male and female patients, or patients received total hip arthroplasty and patients did not received surgery. The pelvic tilt angle significantly greater in patients older than 60 years old compared with patients younger than 60 years old (12 degree Vs 4 degree, p Conclusions There are large variations in the pelvic AP tilting between individuals, and the posterior tilting of pelvis increased with aging. Our findings suggested that instead of body axis measured when patient is in decubitus position on the table, cup positioning during total hip arthroplasty should be based on the functional position when patients is in upright position. The difference between functional position and bony axis might increase with age; hence increase the risk of over anteversion in cup positioning. This might lead to impingement between cup and femur prosthesis and cause early failure or dislocation. While positioning the patient using lateral position, surgeons should pay attention to anterior pelvic plane and pelvic tilt angle (taking from lateral standing position) for estimation of anteversion of cup


With the rapid development of latest information technology, it is inevitable to apply IoT (Internet of Things), cloud computing and big data into the industrial fields of national key sectors including transportation, electricity, metallurgy, petroleum, chemical, manufacturing, military and so on. Wireless sensor network, industrial Internet, embedded system, software for industrial control and management, and smart terminal are gradually introduced into the industrial systems, which would make the past relatively closed industrial systems more open and intelligent, and contribute to the coming forth industrial revolution. In this paper, the authors mainly discuss issues about cloud Operating System (OS) for industrial application, including cloud computing and cloud operating system introduction, current status analysis of cloud OS and the transformation trend to industrial 4.0. Then, we independently design the main content of this cloud OS, and its application prospect and expected result are given. The study provides theoretical guidance and practical challenge for the development of cloud OS oriented to industrial area.


A common approach to protect confidential infor- mation is to use a stream cipher which combines plain text bits with a pseudo-random bit sequence. Among the existing stream ciphers, Non-Linear Feedback Shift Register (NLFSR)- based ones provide the best trade-off between cryptographic security and hardware efficiency. In this paper, we show how to further improve the hardware efficiency of Grain stream cipher. By transforming the NLFSR of Grain from its original Fibonacci configuration to the Galois configuration and by introducing a clock division block, we double the throughput of the 80 and 128- bit key 1bit/cycle architectures of Grain with no area penalty. I. INTRODUCTION


MoOx thin films were employed as a buffer layer in the back contact of CdTe solar cells. A monograined CdS layer was employed as the window layer to reduce light absorption. The insertion of a MoOx buffer layer in the back contact greatly reduced the Schottky barrier leading to increased fill factor and open‐circuit voltage. A CdTe solar cell, with an efficiency as high as 14.2%, was fabricated. The use of a MoOx buffer layer made it possible to fabricate high‐efficient CdTe solar cell with much less Cu in the back contact, thus greatly enhancing the cell stability. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Few-shot image classification (FSIC) is an important but challenging task due to high variations across images and a small number of training instances. A learning system often has poor generalization performance due to the lack of sufficient training data. Genetic programming (GP) has been successfully applied to image classification and achieved promising performance. This article proposes a GP-based approach with a dual-tree representation and a new fitness function to automatically learn image features for FSIC. The dual-tree representation allows the proposed approach to have better searchability and learn richer features than a single-tree representation when the number of training instances is very small. The fitness function based on the classification accuracy and the distances of the training instances to the class centroids aims to improve the generalization performance. The proposed approach can deal with different types of FSIC tasks with various numbers of classes and different image sizes. The results show that the proposed approach achieves significantly better performance than a large number of state-of-the-art methods on nine 3-shot and 5-shot image classification datasets. Further analysis shows the effectiveness of the new components of the proposed approach, its good searchability, and the high interpretability of the evolved solutions.


OBJECTIVE
To compare the sensitivities of cytologic diagnosis by fine needle aspiration (FNA) with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) content of cystic brain tumors and to determine if CEA assay enhances the sensitivity of cytologic diagnosis and suggests a probable primary in carcinoma with an unknown primary source.

STUDY DESIGN
Thirteen consecutive aspirates were studied. Cytologic diagnosis was confirmed by histologic examination and follow-up. Fluid varied from 3 to 50 mL and from clear to bloody to mucinous. Cytologic examination was performed on Papanicolaou-stained smears. CEA was measured by enzyme immunoassay, with a cutoff of 5 ng/mL.

RESULTS
Benign: 3 (subdural hematoma, 2; arachnoid cyst, 1). Malignant: 10 (medulloblastoma, 1; glioblastoma multiforme, 4; metastatic adenocarcinoma with an unknown primary, 1; of breast, 1; oat cell, 3). Sensitivities: cytology, 50%; CEA, 50%; combined, 60%; specificity, 100%. High CEA (> 880 ng/mL) differentiated papillary adenocarcinoma of lung/gastrointestinal tract from renal and thyroid carcinoma. Mean CEA: oat cell, 216.7 ng/mL; adenocarcinoma, 0.5, > 880 ng/mL; glioblastoma and medulloblastoma, 1.6 ng/mL; benign, 0.6 ng/mL.

CONCLUSION
High CEA content enhanced the sensitivity of cytologic diagnosis of cystic metastases and favored a primary carcinoma of the lung or gastrointestinal tract.


Insulin-like growth factor binding protein1 (IGFBP1) is one of six closely related proteins that specifically bind and modulate the metabolic and mitogenic actions of IGF-I and -11. The bulk of in vivo and in vitro data have shown that IGFBP-1 inhibits IGF-I mediated effects, most likely by blocking the interaction between free IGF-I and the IGF-I receptor. However, in some experimental situations IGFBP-1 has been shown to stimulate rather than inhibit IGF-I action, and even IGFindependent actions mediated through the fibronectin receptor have been observed (1-3). The background for the heterogeneous effects of IGFBP-1 still remains to be fully clarified, but post-translational modification of the peptide is likely to be involved. IGFBP1 is secreted as a phosphoprotein, which subsequently undergoes dephosphorylation. In serum from normal subjects, the major part of IGFBP-1 (90%) is highly phosphorylated, whereas the remnant 10% is represented by low and non-phosphorylated isoforms. The factors controlling the state of phosphorylation remain to be determined, but they appear to be under hormonal control (4). Highly phosphorylated IGFBP1 has a sixfold higher affinity for IGF-I than non-phosphorylated IGFBP1, and it is likely that IGF-I action is stimulated by dephosphorylated IGFBP1 and inhibited by phosphorylated IGFBP1 (5). However, the physiological significance of IGFBP1 phosphorylation still remains to be defined in vivo. On a molar basis, IGFBP-1 constitutes a few percent only of the total pool of circulating IGFBPs, and changes in IGFBP-1 have no significant impact on serum levels of total (extractable) IGF-I (6,7). However, IGFBP-1 appears to be an important determinant of free IGF-I in vivo (7,8). Furthermore, IGFBPI has unique properties compared to the other IGFBPs. It is the only one of the six IGFBPs showing a rapid dynamic regulation and a marked diurnal variation. IGFBP-1 is synthesized in the liver under the control of portal insulin (9), which without comparison is the most important single regulator of IGFBP1 (2). Within minutes after exposure to insulin, the hepatocytes down-regulate the synthesis and secretion of IGFBP1. Since the half-life of circulating IGFBP-1 in humans is about 1-2 h, levels of IGFBP-1 are rapidly suppressed following meals (10, 11). In contrast, during fasting levels are rapidly elevated (12). Moreover, the suppressive effect of insulin lasts for some hours, probably because IGFBP-1, just as the other components of the IGF system, is synthesized de novo. Thus, during normal daily living, serum IGFBP-1 remains suppressed from mid-morning to mid-evening, thereafter increasing during the night. IGF-I has the ability to mimic all metabolic effects of insulin in vivo as well as in vitro. This is not surprising considering the structural similarity of the two peptides, and the homology of the insulin and IGF-I receptor. However, when comparing the relative potencies of insulin and IGF-I in vitro, the acute metabolic activity of IGF-I is generally one to three orders of magnitude less than that of insulin, and this has been confirmed in vivo (1 3). Thus, in humans the hypoglycaemic potency of IGF-I appears to be approximately 6% of that of insulin (14), questioning the physiological significance of IGF-I as a regulator of fuel metabolism. On the other hand, in vivo studies of IGF-I most likely underestimate the true hypoglycaemic potential of IGF-I, since part of the administered IGF-I becomes "neutralized" by binding to unsaturated IGFBPs. The tight connection between IGFBP-1 and fuel supply and the hypoglycaemic potential of the IGFs suggest that the IGF system (free IGF-I and IGFBP1, in particular) may be involved in glucose homeostasis. However, results are far from clear. The first experimental study, performed by Lewitt et al. (15), showed that iv bolus injection of purified amniotic IGFBP-1 to conscious rats within 15 min increased blood glucose levels about 10%. Furthermore, IGFBP-1 was able to blunt IGF-I induced hypoglycaemia. Based on these findings it was suggested that (free) IGF-I exerted a tonic glucose lowering effect (16). This hypothesis was supported by findings in transgenic (Tg) mice overexpressing rat IGFBP-1 (17). When comparing wild type littermates and Tg mice, the latter were characterized by fasting hyperglycaemia. However, two other studies have failed to confirm any glycoregulatory role of IGFBP-I. Mortensen et al. (18) repeated the studies performed by Lewitt et al. (15) using recombinant human (rh) IGFBP-1 instead of amniotic IGFBP-1. In these studies no effect of IGFBP-1 on glucose levels was observed. The reason for this discrepancy is not clear, but rhIGFBP1 appears to be non-phosphorylated, whereas amniotic IGFBP-1 is phosphorylated, and this may explain the observed differences. Finally, Dai et al. (19) studied Tg mice overexpressing human IGFBP1


The special issue published here is a response to the call for the development of novel geophysical techniques particularly applicable in geotechnical engineering contexts. It consists of seven papers selected from a collection presented to the 14th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, which indicate that new and innovative geophysical applications in geotechnical engineering have emerged, and that these innovations may be potentially useful for the planning, implementation and maintenance of infrastructure systems. These research papers can be divided into two groups: (1) improvement of ground penetrating radar (GPR) techniques and (2) GPR investigations associated with infrastructure and geotechnical engineering.


Abstract The increased U.S. natural gas price volatility since the mid-to-late-1980s deregulation generally is attributed to the deregulated market being more sensitive to temperature-related residential demand. This study therefore quantifies relations between winter (November–February; December–February) temperature and residential gas consumption for the United States east of the Rocky Mountains for 1989–2000, by region and on monthly and seasonal time scales. State-level monthly gas consumption data are aggregated for nine multistate subregions of three Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts of the U.S. Department of Energy. Two temperature indices [days below percentile (DBP) and heating degree-days (HDD)] are developed using the Richman–Lamb fine-resolution (∼1° latitude–longitude) set of daily maximum and minimum temperatures for 1949–2000. Temperature parameters/values that maximize DBP/HDD correlations with gas consumption are identified. Maximum DBP and HDD correlations with gas consumpt...


Real-life conjectures do not come with instructions saying whether they they should be proven or, instead, refuted. Yet, as we now know, in either case the final argument produced had better be not just convincing but actually verifiable in as much detail as our need for eliminating risk might require. For those who do not happen to have direct access to the realm of mathematical truths, the modern field of formalized mathematics has quite a few lessons to contribute, and one might pay heed to what it has to say, for instance, about: the importance of employing proof strategies; the fine control of automation in unraveling the structure of a certain proof object; reasoning forward from the givens and backward from the goals, in developing proof scripts; knowing when and how definitions and identities apply in a helpful way, and when they do not apply; seeing proofs [and refutations] as dynamical objects, not reflected by the static derivation trees that Proof Theory wants them to be. I believe that the great challenge for teachers and learners resides currently less on the availability of suitable generic tools than in combining them wisely in view of their preferred education paradigms and introducing them in a way that best fits their specific aims, possibly with the help of intelligent online interactive tutoring systems. As a proof of concept, a computerized proof assistant that makes use of several successful tools already freely available on the market and that takes into account some of the above findings about teaching and learning Logic is hereby introduced. To fully account for our informed intuitions on the subject it would seem that a little bit extra technology would still be inviting, but no major breakthrough is really needed: We are talking about tools that are already within our reach to develop, as the fruits of collaborative effort. 1 Ask yourself again: What is a Proof? Non-obvious arguments have interesting inner structures: givens may be assumed to be connected to goals by directed loop-free finite paths; each node of such a structure would be annotated with some statement; the finite collection of all edges concurring in a node S m would itself be annotated by a justification according to which the statements S 1 , S 2 ,. .. , S jm contained in their other endpoints would suffice for an appropriate inferential link to be recognized; source nodes …


OBJECTIVES
Using data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, we examine (a) how socioeconomic status (SES) at age 18 affects all-cause mortality at ages 54-72, and (b) whether the effect of early-life SES is consistent with the critical period, accumulation of risks, social mobility, and pathway models. We also explore gender differences in the effect of early-life SES and life-course mechanisms.

METHOD
Participants (N = 6,547) were surveyed in 1957, 1975, and 1993, with vital status established until 2011. We combine discrete-time survival analysis with structural equation modeling. SES and health behaviors are modeled as latent factors.

RESULTS
Early-life SES affects mortality indirectly via status attainment and health behaviors in adulthood and midlife. This finding is contrary to the critical period and consistent with the pathway model. Persistent disadvantage at three life stages is a strong risk factor for mortality, thus, supporting the accumulation of risks. Moreover, the mortality risk of individuals who experienced downward socioeconomic mobility is comparable to their peers with persistent disadvantage.

DISCUSSION
This study highlights the complexity of interrelated life-course processes underlying the effect of early-life SES on mortality in later life.


A patient with gastric cancerand chronic obstructive airways disease was treatedwith the cytotoxic agents, 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin and mitomycin-C, leading to a reduction in tumour size. Concomitantly,there was a dramatic subjectiveand objectiveimprovementin pulmonary function, especially in relation to the ameliorationof airways obstruction.This wasdocumentedby serial pulmonaryfunction testing, and persisted until chemotherapywas withdrawn. This clinical effect merits further investigation.


. Occurrence probabilities of extreme sea levels required in coastal planning, e.g. for calculating design floods, have been traditionally estimated individually at each tide-gauge location. However, these estimates include uncertainties, as sea-level observations typically have only a small number of extreme cases such as annual maxima. Moreover, exact information on sea-level extremes between the tide-gauge locations and incorporation of dependencies between the adjacent stations is often lacking in the analysis. In this study, we use Bayesian hierarchical modelling to estimate return levels of annual maxima of short-term sea-level variations related to storm surges in the Finnish coastal region. We use the generalised extreme value (GEV) distribution as the basis and compare three hierarchical model structures of different complexity against tide-gauge-specific fits. The hierarchical model structures allow us to share information on annual maximum sea levels between the neighbouring stations and also provide a natural way to estimate uncertainties in the theoretical estimates. The results show that compared to the tide-gauge-specific fits, the hierarchical models, which pool information across the tide gauges, provide narrower uncertainty ranges for both the posterior parameter estimates and the corresponding return levels in most locations. The estimated shape parameter of the GEV model is systematically negative for the hierarchical


Most of the existing pattern mining techniques are capable of searching patterns according to the continuous change of the spatial information of an object but there is no constraint on the spatial information that must be included in the extracted pattern. Thus, the existing techniques are not applicable to the optimal path search between specific nodes or path prediction considering the nodes that a moving object is required to round during a unit time. In this paper, the precision of the path search according to the spatial hierarchy is analyzed using the Spatial-Temporal Optimal Moving Pattern(with Frequency & Weight) (STOPM(FW)) algorithm which searches for the optimal moving path by considering the most frequent pattern and other weighted factors such as time and cost. The result of analysis shows that the database retrieval time is minimized through the reduction of retrieval range applying with the spatial constraints. Also, the optimal moving pattern is efficiently obtained by considering whether the moving pattern is included in each hierarchical spatial scope of the spatial hierarchy or not.


Only love to almighty Allah is the greatest love. From ages to ages, Allah has sent his messengers to preach only love to Him. Many destruction, disruptions and explosion have been occurred in this world. This paper tries to explore about the causes the great disasters in the world. The global people when they lead an invalid way, there occurs a terrible crisis. None of the world saves it. Only Allah can save the global people. Today, the present world is full of share-ism, idolatry-ism, usury-ism, zakat-free-ism, killing-ism, injustice-ism and inhumanity-ism. They practice about Gods and Goddesses. They believe that the sun, the moon, the stars, the trees, the stone, the angels, the jinn and other animals can reach to Allah. They are the dearest persons who are God, Gods, Goddess and Goddesses related. Above eleven millions people think and say that there is no creator of the universe. It is operating as automated. Marriages and sexism are into human to animal. They practice as same-sex, polygamy, polygyny and polyandry. Most of the global people pray to Materials, Death Guru, God, Gods, Goddess, Goddesses, Peer, Saai, Baba, Abba, Dihi Baba, Langta Baba, Khaja Baba, Joy Guru, Joy Chisty, Joy Baba Hydery, Joy Maa Kali, MaaDurga, MoorshidKibla, Baba HaqueBhandary, Joy Ganesh Pagla, Joy DeawanBaggi, Joy Chandrapa, Joy Sureshwaree, FooltaliKebla, SharshinaKebla, FoorfooraKebla, Joy Ganapati, Joy Krishnan, Joy Hari, Joy Bhagabanand Mazzarians . The new religions have preached in the world such as Baha'i, Kadyany, Khaljee, Din-E-Elahi , Brahma and Humanism. The world is full of Shirkism, Moonafikism, Goboatism, Bohtanism, Mooshrikiaism, Oathlessism and Khianotkariism . In the past undetermined civilizations have been vanished but none can save the civilization. This Covid-19 great destruction is human made. It is from climate change which comes to the global people as a great curse.


The economy of the world has been tremendously affected throughout this COVID-19 pandemic. Companies were finding their way in engaging business to elevate the profit margins. Recently, fraudulent misrepresentation has brought to the attention of the public due to contractual disputes arises between parties especially in regards to the sale of goods of COVID-19 related product eg. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) or medical equipment during this COVID-19 pandemic as such equipment has become a necessity during the pandemic. However, some people took this advantage to commit fraud that causing chaos within the industry. This Article aimed to focus on the fraudulent misrepresentation that arises in contractual disputes between companies hoping to rewards the readers to have a basic understanding of fraudulent misrepresentation.


This paper focuses on the simulation analysis and the experimental implementation of a Rule-Based (RB) control strategy for on-board energy management of a Hybrid Solar Vehicle (HSV), consisting in a series hybrid electric vehicle assisted by photovoltaic panels. The RB strategy consists of two tasks: one external, which determines the final battery State of Charge (SOC) to be reached at the end of the driving schedule to allow full exploitation of solar energy during parking phase; the other internal, whose aim is to define the optimal Electric Generator (ICE-EG) power trajectory and SOC oscillation around the final value. This control strategy has been implemented in a real time NI® cRIO control unit, thus allowing to perform experimental tests for energy management validation on a real HSV prototype developed at the University of Salerno.


This issue of The Journal of Strategic Studies covers what is perhaps the central issue in twenty-first century international politics: US-China relations and the implications of a possible power shift. The authors combines insights from international relations, defence analysis, and strategic theory, and cover everything from broad patterns of great power interaction to specific policy issues animating debates in Washington and Beijing. Leading great powers often fear rising challengers. Their fears may be misplaced. Joshua Shifrinson of Boston University explains why in 'The rise of China, balance of power theory and US national security: Reasons for optimism?' According to Shifrinson, rising powers facing multiple potential adversaries cannot focus their time and effort on any single state, and over the long term they may see value in working with the leading power against common foes. China is rising in what Shifrinson calls a 'crowded geopolitical neighborhood,' meaning that has incentives to rein in its geopolitical ambitions and seek opportunities with the United States. Carlos Solar of the University of Oxford also deals with the possible implications of a changing US-China balance of power by focusing on a specific issue: foreign arms sales. In 'China's weapons transfer in the Western hemisphere,' Solar traces China's history of 'weapons diplomacy' and discusses why its reach has been limited in some areas. While the Western hemisphere has not been a major destination for Chinese arms, Solar speculates that this might change in an era of what he calls 'posthegemony.' Declining U.S. influence may open the door for more Chinese influence.


Abstract : Studies have been carried out to determine the role of local immunity in influenza virus infection, and to investigate various parameters related to local immunization. The particle size in aerosol immunization was found to be important. Children respond in a similar fashion to adults. Aerosol-spray immunization elicited good protection in a subsequent influenza epidemic. The authors could not show significant protection against artificial challenge using aerosolized commercial gamma-globulin. (Author)


We have applied positron annihilation spectroscopy to study a wide range of β-Ga2O3 bulk crystals and thin films with various doping levels. The Doppler broadening of the 511 keV positron-electron annihilation line exhibits colossal anisotropy compared to other three-dimensional crystalline semiconductors. State-of-the-art theoretical calculations of the positron characteristics in the β-Ga2O3 lattice reveal that the positron state is effectively 1-dimensional, giving rise to strong anisotropy. Strongly relaxed split Ga vacancies are found to exhibit even stronger anisotropy and to dominate the positron annihilation signals in almost all experiments. The evidence leads to the conclusion that split Ga vacancies are abundant, with concentration of 1018 cm-3 or more, in β-Ga2O3 samples irrespective of conductivity.


A thin-film transistor (TFT) is described whose transfer characteristic can be reversibly adapted by a short duration voltage pulse applied to a high impedance gate electrode. The device is a four-terminal two-gate structure. A source, drain, and insulator gate contact form the basic TFT, while the amount and polarity of the polarization charge on the surface of the ferroelectric material of a second gate contact determines the pinchoff voltage of the TFT transfer characteristic. Measurements on experimental units demonstrate that the pinchoff voltage is adjustable over a sizable range, and that TFT transconductance changes in excess of 1000 to 1 can be obtained. The time required to change between different states of the TFT characteristic is limited by the switching time of the ferroelectric material which, in general, can be of the order of microseconds. Electrical instabilities in the transfer characteristics of the devices, however, may limit their practical circuit application. The instabilities are observed as a slow time variation of pinchoff voltage after a state has been established. Experimental units use triglycine sulfate for the ferroelectric material and tellurium-silicon monoxide thin film transistors.


For 30 seconds on the afternoon of Jan. 6, 1968, in an operating room at Stanford Hospital, two human hearts lay very still in two separate basins near the unconscious body of a 54-year-old patient, and time froze. "We both stood there and stared into this huge, empty cavity for a good half a minute," said Edward Stinson, MD, chief resident at the time. "It was a magical moment." The young surgeon was assisting his mentor Norman Shumway, MD, PhD, chief surgeon, who had just removed Mike Kasperak's diseased heart in an effort to save the retired steelworker's life. It was the first attempted heart transplant in an adult in the United States. "Do you think this is really legal?" Stinson asked Shumway. "I guess we'll see," Shumway said. One of the two hearts, diseased beyond repair, would never beat again. But the other, if transplanted into Kasperak's chest within the next hour or two, could possibly start up again and save his life. It was an outrageous act that was being followed with bated breath by the world as a frenzied press corps, camped out in the hallways of the hospital's basement, issued moment-bymoment reports. "I just remember thinking the future was going to be different if they can transplant a heart," Tom Brokaw, the anchor and managing editor of NBC Nightly News for 22 years, said in a recent interview. On that day, he was one of the reporters at the hospital, waiting for the news to break. The surgery that day 50 years ago captured a moment in history when the transplantation of a human heart was so hard to fathom, so bizarre, it was considered shocking, almost indecent. The heart, more than any other organ, holds a unique place in the public imagination, seen as the seat of the soul, the symbol of love and compassion. So, what happens if it's cut out and replaced with a stranger's? Does a man become a woman if transplanted with a woman's heart? Was it even legal? These types of questions hung over the surgery, as Shumway and Stinson paused for a moment to consider the enormity of their actions. Today in the United States, death is defined by law as brain death — the cessation of electrical activity in the brain — although this definition is not without controversy. In 1968, the legal moment of death was murkier. Was it when the brain stopped working or when the heart stopped beating? For those pioneering surgeons and cardiologists intent on saving lives, using the stillbeating heart of a brain-dead donor was just common sense if it gave a patient dying of heart disease a second chance at life. Sick hearts must be replaced with healthy hearts to save lives. On that cold, bright winter day in 1968, the spell broke and the surgeons got back to work. There was no turning back.


Over 600 000 myocardial infarctions (MIs) occur yearly in the United States, and more than half of patients whose MI presents as sudden cardiac death have no antecedent symptoms.1 Furthermore, men >40 years of age have an almost 50% lifetime risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD) and women of the same age have a risk of approximately 1 in 3.2 The Framingham Risk Score (FRS) is the most commonly used CHD risk prediction model and is an integral component of cardiovascular screening and lipid-lowering guidelines.3 Although the FRS provides a reasonable estimation of risk in certain subgroups, it was derived from a relatively homogenous population in an era when pharmacological treatment options and use were limited.4 Furthermore, chronologic age is the dominant risk factor in the FRS equation, although it is a poor surrogate for atherosclerotic burden and limits the personalization of risk estimates.5 As a result, the majority of MIs occur in individuals classified as low or moderate risk who therefore do not meet the Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III criteria for statin therapy.3,6

To improve risk estimation, recent research has focused on identifying novel risk predictors. However, when they are added to existing risk prediction models, there is little improvement in CHD risk stratification.7,8 As a result, there is an increasing interest in selectively using atherosclerosis imaging to increase the accuracy of traditional risk prediction models in persons broadly classified as intermediate risk.9 Coronary artery calcium (CAC), measured using noncontrast cardiac CT, is a relatively low-cost and noninvasive imaging technique. CAC testing provides an individualized measure of atherosclerotic burden that integrates an individual's cumulative lifetime risk factor exposure that cannot be obtained from serum markers.10,11

The use of CAC screening in select …


Abstract Cladosporium herbarum was the only fungal species, out of the five isolated from the onion phylloplane and tested for antagonism against Alternaria porri that could also inhibit the pathogen on contact in vivo: Cladosporium herbarum could reduce the infection by 66.6%; Penicillium sp. (54%) and Aureobasidium pullulans (33.3%) were much less effective. Sporobolomyces roseus and Cryptococcus luteolus were able to reduce infection by only 20.8% and 12.5% respectively. However, a mixture of all five species caused a reduction of 79.1 % in infection by the pathogen. A significant observation was that the fungi, namely Penicillium sp., Aureobasidium pullulans, Sporobolomyces roseus and Cryptococcus luteolus which were effective to a greater or lesser degree in reducing the infection by A. porri, in vivo when studied for antagonism in vitro could not inhibit the pathogen.


Despite the social importance of adoption, the theme is still incipient regarding educational campaigns conducted in Brazil. In this regard, the study aimed to analyze how families who experienced the adoption of a child perceive the importance of social marketing actions implemented by the government and simultaneously listened to their experiences in the adoption process. In methodological terms, this is a qualitative-descriptive study that interviewed eleven families, whose reports were analyzed based on Content Analysis. Regarding social marketing actions, the reports point to an absence of campaigns that can clarify and make the population aware of the adoption. Thus, the main contribution of this study is to include the adoption of children and adolescents in the scope of social marketing, while presenting the importance of educational and awareness actions to mobilize, sensitize and promote changes in consumer behavior patterns. citizens.


In many ways, the Prophetess Huldah is a unique female figure in the Hebrew Bible. She is never one of the biblical characters of primary concern to clerics, laity or scholars, but she nevertheless presents a figure of authority who is also a woman. Although not thoroughly complete, this survey outlines the history of Huldah's presentations from her initial appearance in Second Kings to work currently in process by Esther Hamori that concentrates on the concern devoted to Huldah's gender.


The Howard government's term in office in Australia from 1996 to 2007 is often portrayed as one where Australia retreated from its international human rights obligations. Throughout this era a range of government policies attracted much criticism for downplaying or ignoring human rights. Less attention has been given to the human rights policies of previous Australian governments and the heritage they provided for the Howard government. Situating the policies of the Howard government within those of previous Australian governments provides a greater understanding of human rights in Australia. This book examines human rights policies in Australia in three key areas: human rights in Australia-China relations; responses to asylum seekers and refugees; and engagement with human rights at the United Nations. These areas highlight where the Howard government clearly deviated from some of the more positive human rights policies of its predecessors. The book also challenges the perception that Australia has a proud history of human rights policy by revealing where the Howard government continued or revived policies of earlier Australian governments that were not consistent with international human rights standards. Such an understanding of human rights in Australian policy is imperative for informed analysis and debate on current and future policy trends.


The Chinese government started an important project "Geographical conditions monitoring (GCM)" in 2012, which aims at fully revealing the spatial pattern of natural resources, and economic and social development. Urban development assessment and analysis are an important topic of the comprehensive statistics in GCM project. This study quantitatively evaluates the sustainable development level of 287 cities at prefecture level and above in China and analyzes their spatial distribution. Both an index system of urban sustainable development (USI) constructed by three aspects, namely society, economy and environment, and the TOPSIS-Entropy method are adopted. The results show that the overall level of urban sustainable development in China is not high, and obvious differences in urban sustainable development among cities exist. The coordination of social, economic and environmental sustainable development in China is at a low level. In terms of spatial distribution, cities from eastern coastal areas of China are at relatively higher levels of sustainable development with central and northeastern cities ranking second and western ones lowest. Several spatial clusters of urban sustainable development can be found. The "High–High" clusters, in which cities have high levels of sustainable development, are distributed in urban agglomerations. Finally, some suggestions have been provided to achieve all-round sustainable development in China.


ABSTRACT Trust-based relationship is critical in building an integrated and collaborative team. Relational contracting like Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) is centered on the notion of trust and aims to further foster trust and collaboration. This research offers an in-depth analysis on how trust-building attributes are supported and leveraged by IPD traits. All the distinguishing traits of IPD are found effective in building trust. A few examples of these trust-building traits are: establishment of a core IPD team, jointly developed goals, collaborative decision-making, shared risks and rewards, and open communication. Additionally, IPD utilizes relational clauses and behavioral principles to influence an individual's values and culture of trust. The research demonstrates that while IPD is effective in promoting trust, it does not warrant trust-based relationships, as the contract and team members' characteristics also play critical roles in building trust. The key to success of IPD is establishing a clearly defined contact which equitably aligns efforts and rewards, and selecting the collaborative partners who have an established trust-based relationships and are committed to the IPD principles. The manuscript contributes to the body of knowledge by developing a schema of trust-building attributes and their corresponding IPD traits.