▸ Some sports scientists and medical practitioners are involved in supplying peptides and hormones to athletes. These revelations rocked the Australian sporting community and have caused significant soul-searching and reflection within sporting organisations, particularly at high-performance level. A number of organisations conducted or are conducting internal reviews of their processes and protocols around the administration of supplements and medications. What was initially perceived as a widespread issue across elite sport in Australia now appears, at the time of writing, to be a more focal issue, concentrated in small pockets of professional sport. Again at the time of writing, no athlete or club has been found guilty of a doping violation, but ASADA continues to conduct focused investigations which have some way to run. The claims and counterclaims swing with each news cycle. It will be some time before the facts are clear. How has it come to this? There are assertions, yet to be validated, that in some professional clubs there were systemic injection programmes as part of the supplementation strategy. It is almost inconceivable that such practices did not cause alarm bells to ring for club officials. If the claims are proved to be correct, then one can only conclude that those organisations do not have robust internal governance processes or have drifted away from such processes.


The invention discloses a preparation method for a triazine hyperbranched macromolecular carbon forming agent. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1), mixing diamino or hydroxyl compound with non-protonic organic solvent, and adding catalyst in the atmosphere of inert gases; 2), dropwise adding cyanuric chloride non-protonic organic solution, and continuing the reactionat the temperature after finishing dropwise adding the cyanuric chloride non-protonic organic solution; 3), adding blocking agent, and carrying out reaction again; and 4), precipitating, filtering, cleaning the organic solvent, separating, and drying to obtain the triazine hyperbranched macromolecular carbon forming agent. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the 'one-pot' method is adopted, the reaction process is continuous, the reaction time is short, the product has favorable heat stability, the carbon forming rate is high, and the processability is good.


Using the NCEP/NCAR(National Centers for Environmental Prediction / National Center for Atmospheric Research) monthly reanalysis data,OLR(Outgoing Long-wave Radiation) data and monthly precipitation data of 160 stations from 1979 to 2001,the relationship between the summer tropical convection over the western Pacific and the precipitation in the middlelower reaches of the Yangtze River is studied.Enlightened by the distribution of correlation coefficients between summer rainfall in the middlelower reaches of the Yangtze River and OLR over the East Asiathe western Pacific region from 1979 to 2001,summer rainfall index(I_(rain)) is defined as the averaged precipitation over 17 stations in the middlelower reaches of the Yangtze River,summer tropical convective index(I_(OLR)) is defined as the regional averaged OLR over the region(10°N20°N,120°E150°E) over the western Pacific.The years with greater I_(OLR) anomalies(weak convection),like 1980,1983,1993,1996 and 1998,and the years with less I_(OLR) anomalies(strong convection),like 1981,1984,1985,1999,2000 and 2001 are chosen to compose geopotential height and wind fields at 500 hPa and 850 hPa levels respectively.In order to highlight the differences in the associations of convection,the relationship between I_(OLR) and the western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH) indices and the relationship between I_(OLR) and the East Asian remote connection indices(I_(EARC),defined based on the correlation coefficients between I_(OLR) and 500 hPa geopotential height over the East Asia region from 1979 to 2001) are studied.The results show that tropical convection over the northwestern Pacific has a close positive relation with summer precipitation over the middlelower reaches of the Yangtze River.If the summer tropical convection is stronger,WPSH would expand greatly and extend westward remarkably over the subtropical western Pacific;if westerlies is weaker at the northwestern edge of the WPSH,the summer precipitation in the middlelower reaches of the Yangtze River would be less;when the summer tropical convection is weaker,WPSH would occupy less area and contract eastward remarkably over the subtropical western Pacific,resulting in stronger westerlies at the northwestern edge of the WPSH and more summer precipitation over the middlelower reaches of the Yangtze River.Ridge of WPSH shows a significant change in the northsouth direction but its northern border does not.Therefore,the WPSH serves as an important bridge between tropical convection and summer precipitation in the middlelower reaches of the Yangtze River.The anomalous WPSH can cause the anomalies of East Asia summer monsoon,thus leading to the anomalies of summer rainfall in the middlelower reaches of the Yangtze River.In addition,the differences in composite geopotential height and wind fields at 500 hPa or 850 hPa show that tropical convection inspires Rossby wave propagating from the tropics to high latitudes(i.e.East Asian teleconnection type).The spacial structure of the anomaly is closely related to tropical convection over the eastern Pacific and the summer precipitation anomaly over the middlelower reaches of the Yangtze River.


A study of shock-induced reactions in metal-polymer mixtures via a series of gas gun experiments have been performed. Tests on a mixture of titanium and Teflon which is by weight 80% Ti and 20% Teflon and approximately 92.5% of theoretical maximum density showed reactivity at 3.48 GPa and above. PVDF gauges were used to determine the pressure at the sample/driver interface. Some of the tests were performed with a second PVDF gauge embedded further in the sample to measure reaction. Impedance matching technique was used to determine the inert Hugoniot. A series of calculations were performed to determine the calculation model which best mimics the experimentally determined Hugoniot. The results from the calculations show that an isotherm mixture model matches well the experimental results over the low and middle pressure range studied.


We consider the problem of optimizing the performance of a system with resources shared by non-cooperative users. The worst-cast ratio between the cost of a Nash equilibrium and the optimal cost, called Price of Anarchy, is investigated. It measures the performance degradation due to the users' selfish behavior. As the objective function of the optimization problem, we are concerned in a load balancing measure, which is different from that used in the previous works. Also we consider the Stackelberg scheduling which can assign a fraction of the users to resources while the remaining users are free to act in a selfish manner.


Background: Indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has a median survival as long as 10 years but is rarely cured. Lenalidomide (Revlimid®), an immunomodulatory drug, is approved in the US for treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes associated with a del[q5] cytogenetic abnormality and is approved both in the US and the EU for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Lenalidomide also has activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Aim: This study was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of lenalidomide monotherapy in patients with relapsed/refractory indolent NHL. Methods: Patients with relapsed/refractory indolent NHL with measurable disease ≥ 2cm after at least 1 prior treatment regimen were eligible. Patients received 25 mg lenalidomide orally once daily on Days 1–21 every 28 days and continued therapy for 52 weeks as tolerated or until disease progression. Response and progression were evaluated using the IWLRC methodology. Results : Forty-three patients were enrolled in the study and included in this analysis. The median age was 63 (43–89) and 17 were female. Histology was small lymphocytic lymphoma [SLL] (n=18), follicular center lymphoma grades 1, 2 [FCL] (n=22), nodal marginal B-cell lymphoma (n=2) and extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT type (n=1). Median time from diagnosis to lenalidomide treatment was 4.5 (0.4–24) years and median number of prior treatment regimens was 3 (1–15). Eleven of the 43 patients (26%) exhibited an objective response (2 complete responses (CR), 1 complete response unconfirmed (CRu), 8 partial responses (PR)), 15 had stable disease (SD), 13 had progressive disease (PD) and 4 were not evaluated. Responses included 4/18 SLL (22%) and 7/22 FCL (32%). Median time to response was 3.6 months (range 1.7–4.1). Progression free survival is 4.6 months for all patients, > 7.7 months (range 4.4 - > 13.5) for responding patients and ongoing. Sixteen patients (37%) required at least one dose reduction with a median time to first dose reduction of 2 months (0.5–9.6). The most common Grade 4 adverse event was neutropenia (14%) and the most common Grade 3 adverse events were neutropenia (21%) and thrombocytopenia (12%). Conclusion : Lenalidomide oral monotherapy is active with manageable side effects in relapsed/refractory indolent NHL.


This paper outlines the basic features of a class analysis of contem porary schooling. I argue that recent materialist theories of human agency complement radical research about school resistance and provide support for a modified reproduction theory, one which avoids the theoreticist assumptions and determinist implications of conventional versions. In particular, this conjunction of critical theory and social history enables us to explain the class-determined selective and socialising functions of schooling in non-functionalist terms, and without any elitist imputation of 'cultural deficiency'. I defend the force and relevance of this holistic understanding in my treatment of contemporary educational trends and controversies, notably to do with the curriculum and with class and gender relations. Furthermore, I explicate this defence and its policy implications through a critical analysis of the 'progressive' critique Making the Difference by Connell, Ashenden, Kessler and Dowsett (1981). I argue that the likely reproductive consequences of their major recommendations are based upon their abandonment of a class analysis, and that, moreover, this 'silent acceptance' of domi nant politico-economic and ideological determinations and trends serves to provide a 'progressive' gloss to current official consolida tion of a two-class educational system.


Commentary Animal models of epilepsy have helped to promote investigations of underlying mechanisms of epileptogenesis and to facilitate the development and screening of novel treatments. A large number and variety of animal models have been created, the equally numerous types and causes of epilepsy in people. Of course, in vivo models of epilepsy, in which animals exhibit actual behavioral and electroencephalographic seizures, most closely mimic the clinical features of human epilepsy. However, reduced biological systems, including brain slices, cell culture, and molecular assays, may also be advantageous in offering unique mechanistic insights into epilepsy. As there is obviously no perfect animal model of epilepsy, ultimately each model system must be carefully evaluated for its specific advantages and limitations in studying different aspects of epilepsy. Given the complexity of epilepsy, there is increasing interest in developing simplified in vitro models of epilepsy that allow more detailed investigations of cellular and molecular mechanisms of epileptogenesis while still preserving the critical network phenotypic features of epilepsy, particularly the development of spontaneous seizures. Intact hippo-campal preparations or acute brain slices maintain much of the needed circuitry to generate electrographic seizures (1, 2). However, these preparations are typically only viable for several hours and thus are primarily useful only for studying acutely provoked seizures, not chronic epileptogenesis. Or-ganotypic slice cultures, which can be maintained for weeks or longer, have been used to study a number of physiological and pathological processes in the brain, including circuit development , synaptic plasticity, and axonal sprouting (3). Slice cultures also afford the opportunity to investigate epilepsy. Most previous studies of organotypic slice cultures have focused on interictal spikes and electrographic seizures acutely provoked by convulsant drugs or other pharmacologic conditions over a relatively short time course (4–6). However, some studies have examined the development of spontaneous epileptiform activity over several weeks, which more closely mimics the process of epileptogenesis that occurs with in vivo animal models and human epilepsy (7, 8). The recent study by Dyhrfjeld-Johnsen et al. provides perhaps the most detailed characterization to date of the development and evolution of epileptiform activity within a chronic, In organotypic hippocampal slice cultures, principal neurons form aberrant excitatory connections with other principal cells in response to slicing induced deafferentation, similar to mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis in posttraumatic epilepsy. To investigate the consequences of this synaptogenesis, the authors recorded field-potential activity from area CA3 during perfusion with the complete growth medium used …


Augmented and Mixed Reality mobile technologies are becoming an emerging trend in the development of play and learning experiences for children. This tendency requires a deeper understanding of their specificities to adequately inform design. To this end, we ran a study with 36 elementary school children to compare two AR/MR interaction paradigms for mobile technologies: (1) the consolidated "Window-on-the-World" (WoW), and (2) the emerging "World-as-Support" (WaS). By analyzing children's understanding and use of space while playing an AR/MR mystery game, and analyzing the collaboration that emerges among them, we show that the two paradigms scaffold children's attention differently during the experience and elicit different forms of collaboration. We conclude by presenting a conceptual framework to distinguish the strengths, weaknesses, and potential of the two AR/MR paradigms, as well as the comparison between marker-based and marker-less technical solutions. This study aims at helping practitioners in taking design decisions for AR/MR technologies for children.


Vicarious trauma, traumatic stress and burnout were investigated among three separate groups of mental health professionals working primarily with three different client populations (sexual violence, cancer, general practice). Participants (N=221) completed the Traumatic Stress Institute Belief Scale Revision M (TSI), the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Impact of Events Scale (IES). Contrary to hypotheses, no significant differences were found between groups. The TSI and MBI were found to be highly correlated, suggesting psychometric overlap. It was concluded within this sample there was little evidence to support vicarious trauma as an occupational hazard unique to therapists working with trauma survivors.


1. The course of blood through the gills is described.2. Blood passes first into arteries which parallel the filaments and lie at their base.3. Blood then passes into the overlying parallel cavernous bodies through any of the approximately 20 openings per millimeter.4. The cavernous bodies have non-elastic walls and, passing across the lumen, non-elastic columns. Blood is free to flow in any direction through the cavernous bodies. Each cavernous body has approximately 20 pairs of exits per millimeter, each one opening into a secondary lamella.5. The secondary lamella does not contain capillaries, but consists of two sheets of epithelium held together, with a constant space between them, by large numbers of pilaster cells. Within the single plane of this structure blood is free to move in a variety of directions between its entrance and its exit into the distal artery.6. Within the freedom of movement provided by the basal artery, cavernous body and secondary lamella, blood is free to follow the line of le...


The measured wideband complex impulse response profiles from eight different indoor areas are used to evaluate the performance of joint diversity and equalization techniques in the presence of flat fading and frequency selective fading. The error probabilities of a joint two-branch diversity receiver with an adaptive finite-length equalizer on each branch, whose taps are jointly optimized according to the minimum mean square error criterion, are computed for different data rates using the measured channel responses.


We present here, for the first time, data on species richness and abundance of subterranean ant assemblages in southern Brazil, based on a research on the subterranean ant fauna in 9 sites in Seara, West of Santa Catarina State, in the domain of Tropical Atlantic Forest, comparing our results with those of a leaf litter ant fauna survey conducted in the same region. We collected in both soil and litter samples 113 ant species belonging to 37 genera. Ants were much less species rich in soil samples (71 species in 24 genera), while in leaf litter we collected 81 ant species in 36 genera. These habitats share 39 ant species. MorisitaHorn similarity index indicated lower species overlap between soil and litter samples. The similarity values between sites can be considered medium. Overall, ordination analysis (nonmetric multidimensional scaling) indicated differences in community structure between ant litter and subterranean ant faunas, and showed that the spatial distribution of subterranean species is aggregated. Our results indicate that there is a strong complementarity between these two faunistics segments. We conclude that the subterranean ant fauna is an important component of ant species richness in the soil; therefore survey protocols should include soil samples for a better assessments of the ant diversity in tropical forests.


Primary pulmonary hypertension is a progressive and fatal disease that chiefly affects young adults. Although its etiology is a mystery, recent research has uncovered several biochemical derangements in this disorder, and new therapies are prolonging survival.


The complex [Os(η6-p-cymene)(OH)IPr]OTf (1; IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolylidene; OTf = CF3SO3) reacts with benzonitrile and acetonitrile to afford the κ2-amidate derivatives [Os(η6-p-cymene){κ2O,N-NHC(O)R}IPr]OTf (R = Ph (2), CH3 (3)). Their formation has been investigated by DFT calculations (B3PWP1), starting from the model intermediate [Os(η6-benzene)(OH)(CH3CN)IMe]+ (IMe = 1,3-bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)imidazolylidene). Complex 2 has been characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. In the presence of water, the κ2-amidate species release the corresponding amides and regenerate 1. In agreement with this, complex 1 has been found to be an efficient catalyst for the selective hydration of a wide range of aromatic and aliphatic nitriles to amides, including substituted benzonitriles, cyanopyridines, acetonitrile, and 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propionitrile among others. The mechanism of the catalysis is also discussed.


The article considers the need to digitalize the sphere of education, the basis for the use of digital tools, its role and the advantages of using in the organization of the educational process in modern conditions of global digitalization. The necessity of mastering digital competencies by both teach-ers and trainees according to the corresponding training program is considered. The dynamics of the provision of e-learning facilities for students in higher education organizations, the dynamics of gradua-tion in the areas of training «Informatics and Computing», «Information Security» in 2017–2019 were analyzed.


A standard platinum resistance thermometer (SPRT) has been calibrated at the ITS‐90 fixed points of UME and PTB in the range between the triple point of argon (83.8058 K) and the freezing point of zinc (692.677 K). This bilateral comparison was mostly carried out according to the protocol of EUROMET Project 552 based on the protocol of CCT‐K3. It was observed that in all fixed‐point measurements, the agreement between UME and PTB is better than 0.50 mK. All differences found are significantly smaller than their expanded combined uncertainties (coverage factor k = 2). The detailed analysis of the results and the uncertainty budget related to the measurements are presented.


the therapy of bacterial infections. The first group consists of the antibiotics, naturally occurring products of microorganisms which apparently function in the economy of the soil.1 Many of them are available in crystalline form and their action against certain animal diseases is known. The discovery and use of some, such as penicillin and streptomycin, has been heralded as a medical triumph. The other group includes the antimetabolites, compounds related structurally to biologically important substances. Some of these compounds, such as the sulfonamide drugs can inhibit the growth of certain bacteria while others can, in addition, cause deficiency diseases in animals.2 Both of these actions can usually be reversed by adequate amounts of the related metabolite. Such reversal led to the now


Automated operation and artificial intelligence technology have become essential for ensuring the safety, efficiency, and punctuality of railways, with applications such as ATO (Automatic Train Operation). In this study, the authors propose a method to efficiently simulate the kinematic characteristics of railroad vehicles depending on their speed zone. They utilized the function overloading function supported by a programming language and applied the fourth-order Lunge-Kutta method for dynamic simulation. By constructing an object model, the authors calculated vehicle characteristics and TPS and compared them with actual values, verifying that the developed model represents the real-life vehicle characteristics accurately. The study highlights potential improvements in automated driving and energy consumption optimization in the railway industry.


The present invention provides an inherently rigid fuselage of an aircraft or space vehicle, comprising shell elements or fuselage barrels in CFRP, wherein the shell elements or fuselage barrels each having an outer skin and an inner skin, each of which consists at least partially or entirely from a CFK material wherein a composite core member is provided between the outer skin and the inner skin, and wherein the body inside a metal frame (1) which is connected to the shell elements or to the fuselage barrel.


Magnetic resonance imaging has undergone dramatic development in the past years. This has been paralleled by developments in the tools for extracting quantitative information from these images in support of capturing the anatomic features of brain development in living humans. This has revolutionized our expectations for current and future diagnostic and investigative work with the developing brain. This paper will cover the classes of information that are readily available in the MR image, the mechanisms for extracting quantitative results, and a sample of the application of these types of methods to developmental issues. These applications highlight tissue- and anatomic-based contrasts in the nature and rate of developmental maturation within the brain. This will be followed by a discussion of the emergent themes of developmental science as elucidated by these classes of observation.


We have developed software for non-linear least-squares analysis of transient surface grating signals. It corrects for instrumental distortions using the reconvolution method with an instrumental response profile measured by means of a short-lived fluorescent wavelength shifter. It provides a more sensitive test of the conformance of the data with its mathematical model, as illustrated with an analysis of typical data from a Silicon sample.


Membrane-aerated biofilm reactor(MABR)represents a new technology for aerobic wastewater treatment.The principle and characteristics of MABR technology are introduced in the paper.The latest study and development of MABR for various wastewater treatment applications were reviewed.The choice and improvement of membrane and the development and structure of biofilm is also discussed,meanwhile its existing problems are put forward and its possible application is looked forward to the future.


ABSTRACT Teratomas are germ cell neoplasias consisting of tissue from the three layers of the developing embryo (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm). These tumors are most commonly found within the ovary; extra-ovarian mature teratomas in adults are considered to be rare. A 64-year-old woman, gravida 4 para 4, had an 8×7 cm solid pelvic mass posterior to the uterus by examination and radiologic studies. On exploratory laparotomy, an extra-ovarian mature teratoma arising from the peritoneum in the posterior cul de sac was found. This is the first reported case of extra-ovarian mature teratoma arising from the peritoneum in the posterior cul de sac. Even though extra-ovarian teratomas are rare in adults, they should be considered in the differential diagnosis in a woman with a pelvic mass of unclear origin. (J GYNECOL SURG 15:159, 1999)


This paper reviews the anatomy of predictions for pile and pile group performance, and discusses the various facets of the prediction process. A series of case histories is presented in which successful predictions were made of the pile performance. Most of these cases involve a single pile or a small group of piles. A further series of case histories is then discussed in which the predictions were far less successful. Most of these cases involve larger pile groups. The reasons for the success or otherwise of the predictions are discussed, and it is concluded that successful predictions require a combination of good ground characterization, a sound theory which reflects the mechanisms of behavior, appropriate selection of the necessary geotechnical parameters, and a good knowledge of the applied loadings, together with a measure of good fortune.


AbstractThe toponym Mexico has long been etymologized as "the navel of the moon." This anatomical image has been supported by recent research which identifies the positions of the early lakes on the present site of Mexico City, showing a pattern similar to that perceived on the moon, in both cases resembling a rabbit. Aztec priests searched for a long time to locate an island on which to build a temple. The island, Tenochtitl´n, is in a position corresponding to the navel of the rabbit.


Blessing is the most important part of life of christians, expecially in Gereja Toraja Jemaat Kollo Klasis Tondon.  Many people assume that Lord's blessing is just a good things, while the distress, suffering, and other disaster is not a blessing of the Lord. This comprehension also developing in church members of Jemaat Kollo Klasis Tondon. This is inspiring the writer to do research, how theology of Lord's blessing in Genesis 12:1-3 and how the comprehension that should be owned by church members of Jemaat Kollo Klasis Tondon about Lord's blessing. The purpose of this study is to know the theology of Lord's blessing according to the Holy Bible in Genesis 12:1-3 and the comprehension that should be owned by church members based on exegesis Genesis 12:1-3. Writer use historical analysis and background analysis as well as text analysis , and expalin how comprehension of the church member about Lord's blessing and how the comprehension that should be owned by church members based on exegesis Genesis 12:1-3 with using a qualitative research and study fieldwork.


One of the efficient solutions for the identification of long finite-impulse response systems is the three-level clipped input LMS/RLS (CLMS/CRLS) adaptive filter. In this paper, we first derive the convergence behavior of the CLMS and CRLS algorithms for both time-invariant and time-varying system identification. In addition, we employ results arising from this analysis to derive the optimal step-size and forgetting factor for CLMS and CRLS. We show that these optimal step-size and forgetting factor allow the algorithms to achieve a low steady-state misalignment.


The Stokes parameters of Thomson-scattered radiation originating from a variable primary source are computed in a geometry appropriate to the immediate surroundings of AGNs. The time dependent problem is solved in terms of transfer functions, and the time behaviour of the polarization degree and position angle is exemplified for an assumed light curve of the primary source. Our results are compared with the data available for a set of Seyfert 1 galaxies, and for a polarized outburst of NGC 4151. Limits are derived on the distribution and optical depth of a scattering medium


CdS has three states that are thermodynamically stable, one at low fields and two at high fields when stationary high-field domains are initiated in a range of negative differential conductivity, one when the domain is attached to the cathode then the CdS is n-type. And the other one when the domain is attached to the anode and the CdS is turned p-type. When the photoconductivity of CdS is field quenched stronger than linearly, a band of lowest conductivity is introduced between the electrodes, the field in this band is increased to maintain current continuity. This is the high-field domain, that limits the current to a low, constant value. With increased bias the domain expands, but current and domain field remain constant. As long as the domain is attached to the cathode, stationarity is achieved by the limited supply of electrons from the blocking cathode. When the domain is expanded to reach the anode, then a new, higher field domain is generated at the anode that expands toward the cathode and stability is maintained because of the limited supply of holes from the blocking anode. The Minimum Entropy principle forces the current to remain constant by adjusting the width of the higher field, anode-adjacent domain: the transition from the cathode to the anode adjacent domain is not visible in the current that remains saturated, but the conductivity changes from n- to p-type, and now attains the third stable thermodynamic state. This is the first time CdS is p-type that can never be achieved by doping (where the CdS is self-compensating by a strong intrinsic donor). This is very unusual since the current in both cases is carried by drift alone: j = e n μn Fc = e p μp Fa and is forced to remain the same, even though carrier density and mobility are substantially different. All of this is accomplished by adjusting the width and the field of the high-field domain. There is one more unusual coincidence, because both domains require that they are created in a range of overcritical negative conductivity. That needs to have a defect distribution of donors and acceptors for providing this negative differential conductivity at a similar field for electron- and for hole-quenching. It is given by field excitation from Coulomb attractive traps that all lie in the kV cm−1 range. Cadmium sulfide which has an extensive distribution of Coulomb attractive electron and hole traps that can produce such conditions that no other known semiconductor can provide. This is believed to make CdS such an unusual model semiconductor that can perform the many applications, foremost in combination with p-type solar cells without pn-junction that with a thin layer of CdS create highly efficient solar cells.


iron overload. We used a reference group of SCD and β-thalassemia patients. Percentage iron overload in our transfused SCD patients was comparable to published data. However, we did also find 2 patients with SCD (1 Hemoglobin SS [HbSS], 1 Hemoglobin SE [HbSE]) who were never transfused but did have LIC > 3 mg/g. This is interesting, as in general it is perceived that patients with SCD do not suffer from nontransfusion related iron overload. We included only patients who had MRI LIC data available. This creates a selection bias, but since we aimed to study the occurrence of iron overload and not its prevalence, the data can be considered representative. We did not correct for chelation therapy. Therefore, it is possible that the real prevalence of iron overload in HHA is even higher than described here, as effective chelation therapy reduces or even normalizes LIC levels. In this study, in order to completely eliminate the confounding effect of transfusions, we added a very strictly defined group of never-transfused patients. Even in this group there were patients with moderate to severe iron overload. This indicates that non-transfusion related iron overload, due to inappropriately increased dietary uptake, does occur in rare HHA. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that iron overload is present in all forms of rare HHA, even in patients who were never transfused. The traditionally used cut-off of plasma ferritin >1000 ng/mL and even >800 ng/mL appears to be a poor predictor for liver iron overload. We suggest that all patients with rare HHA, possibly except those with ferritin levels below 500 ng/mL ánd TSAT below 45%, should be evaluated for iron overload with MRI.


Passing mentions of a topic or modern author are not normally indexed; but authors of papers in this volume (including co-authors and contributors of sections) are indexed. Titles of articles are not listed. A few general references to ancient authors may be included in index 1, but specific citations are gathered selectively in index 2. Illustrations and tables are indexed only occasionally. For headings, 'word-by-word' alphabetization is used (e.g. 'Attic pottery' before 'Attica'); there is one exception. Subheadings are sometimes in groups ordered by topic or date. The terms bis and ter indicate, respectively, two and three separate mentions of a topic on a page; passim indicates several separate mentions within a series of pages interrupted by no more than one page without a mention. Arabic numbers in parentheses such as (3), (5) are sometimes used to show the number of occurrences on a page, especially in catalogues. In indexes 2, 3, and 5, bold numerals refer to pages of this volume. The following abbreviations are used:


Let K be a graph on r vertices and let G = (V,E) be another graph on ∣V ∣ = n vertices. Denote the set of all copies of K in G by 𝒦. A non‐negative real‐valued function f : 𝒦→ ℝ+ is called a fractional K‐factor if ∑ K:v∈K∈𝒦f(K) ≤ 1 for every v ∈ V and ∑ K∈𝒦f(K) = n/r. For a non‐empty graph K let d(K) = e(K)/v(K) and d(1)(K) = e(K)/(v(K) ‐ 1). We say that K is strictly K1‐balanced if for every proper subgraph K′ ⊊ K, d(1)(K′) < d(1)(K). We say that K is imbalanced if it has a subgraph K′ such that d(K′) > d(K). Considering a random graph process $\widetilde{G}$ on n vertices, we show that if K is strictly K1‐balanced, then with probability tending to 1 as n →∞, at the first moment τ0 when every vertex is covered by a copy of K, the graph ${\widetilde{G}}_{\tau_0}$ has a fractional K‐factor. This result is the best possible. As a consequence, if K is K1‐balanced, we derive the threshold probability function for a random graph to have a fractional K‐factor. On the other hand, we show that if K is an imbalanced graph, then for asymptotically almost every graph process there is a gap between τ0 and the appearance of a fractional K‐factor. We also introduce and apply a criteria for perfect fractional matchings in hypergraphs in terms of expansion properties. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2007


Avian myelocytomatosis virus MC29 transforms fibroblasts and macrophages in vitro. Recently we isolated three deletion mutants of MC29 that have a decreased ability to transform macrophages while retaining their capacity to transform fibroblasts. One ofthese mutants, MC29 tdlOH, on passage through chicken embryo cultures gave rise to a recovered virus MC29 1OH BI, which has regained the ability to transform macrophages efficiently. Immunoprecipitation analysis ofMC29 1OH BI-infected cells revealed a 108,000-dalton gag-myc polyprotein as opposed to the 90,000-dalton protein ofMC29 tdlOH or the 110,000-dalton polyprotein of wtMC29. Tryptic peptide mapping studies demonstrated that the 108,000-dalton protein had acquired v-myc peptides that were lost from the tdlOH 90,000-dalton polyprotein and two novel peptides. Restriction enzyme analysis of the MC29 10H BI proviral DNA also showed that myc sequences had been acquired. These results suggest that MC29 tdlOH has recombined with c-myc sequences to generate a recovered virus, MC29 10H BI. The avian acute leukemia virus MC29 has been shown to induce a variety of tumors in chickens, including renal and hepatic tumors (endotheliomas and carcinomas), sarcomas, and myelocytomatosis (1, 2, 3), whereas in vitro MC29 appears to transform both fibroblasts and macrophages. The virus itself was shown to be replication defective, having partial deletions in the gag and env genes, and was shown to contain specific sequences termed myc (4, 5, 6). The only detectable protein product encoded by MC29 is a polyprotein of 110,000 daltons (p110) that contains peptides from the gag region and the myc-specific sequences (7, 8, 9). Definition ofmyc as the onc.gene ofMC29 was accomplished recently by using a series of nonconditional partially transformation-defective mutants ofMC29 termed td LOA, td 10C, and td 10H. These mutants can transform fibroblasts but have a decreased ability to transform hemopoietic cells in vitro and to induce tumors in vivo (10, 11). Biochemical analysis showed that they encoded smaller gag-related polyproteins, which tryptic peptide analysis revealed had lost myc-specific peptides (12). In addition, analysis of the viral RNA by oligonucleotide mapping and proviral DNA by restriction mapping (13, 14) has shown that the mutants have sustained deletions in the myc gene, implying that these regions are important in determining the oncogenic properties of the virus in vitro and in vivo. It appears likely that the myc gene also can exert an oncogenic effect as a cellular gene (c-myc; 15, 16) because enhanced expression ofc-myc mRNA has been found in bursal lymphomas in chickens infected with avian leukosis virus (17, 18). In this paper we describe the isolation ofa virus derived after in vitro passage of the MC29 deletion mutant tdlOH in macrophages. This new virus, designated MC29 (in short, HB1), resembles wild-type MC29 in that it can transform macrophages. In addition, biochemical characterization of this new virus revealed that it has regained myc-specific information, presumably from the c-myc gene. MATERIALS AND METHODS Viral Transformation Assays. The Methocel assay and the focus assay in chicken embryo cells (consisting of both fibroblasts and macrophages) has been described earlier (19, 20). Titers are expressed in focus-forming units per ml (FFU/ml). Clone Purification of HB1 Virus. Nonproducer quail fibroblasts transformed by td 10H (10) were superinfected with ring necked pheasant virus (RNPV) and virus was harvested 5 days later. This stock then was used to transform either chicken bone marrow cells or quail fibroblasts at a low multiplicity of infection. Colonies or foci, respectively, were picked with a drawnout Pasteur pipette and were propagated until about 1 x 106 cells were obtained. In this way, one bone marrow-derived colony (C2) and nine quail embryo fibroblast-derived foci (Ql-Q9) were obtained. These cells then were tested for the presence of helper virus by reverse transcriptase assays. Clones C2 and Q1 and Q9 were found to be nonproducer clones; they then were superinfected with about 104 infectious units of either RNPV or the avian leukosis virus, tdB77, and supernatants were harvested 5-6 days later. Protein Analysis. Immune precipitation. and tryptic peptide mapping were carried out as described. (12). Restriction Enzyme Analysis. High molecular weight DNA was prepared, digested with the appropriate restriction enzyme, and electrophoresed on 0.8% agarose gels as described (14). After electrophoresis the DNA was transferred to nitrocellulose filters (21) that then were hybridized according to published procedures. The probes used, specific for v-myc, gag, or the total MC29 genomes, were as described (22, 23, 24) and were nick-translated by using the Amersham nick-translation kit. All enzymes were purchased from Boehringer Mannheim.


Water quality problems in the U.S. are a result of pollution form both point and nonpoint sources. While point source pollution can largely be controlled through waste water treatment, the pollution from nonpoint sources is more difficult to manage. The Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 established legislation, under Section 208, to develop and implement areawide water quality management plans. These plans are to establish procedures and methods to control nonpoint source pollution. The management of nonpoint source pollution is confronted with numerous problems ranging from institutional to financial. These problems reflect the diffuse nature of nonpoint source pollution. Oregon has used a dual approach to management of nonpoint source pollution on nonurban lands. The Forest Practices Act has been relied upon to control nonpoint source pollution on forest lands, while management of nonpoint source pollution on agricultural lands has been piecemeal.


Abstract We used quantile regression to compare the body condition of walleye Sander vitreus and white bass Morone chrysops before (1980–1988) and after (1989–2004) the establishment of alewives Alosa pseudoharengus in Lake McConaughy, Nebraska. Higher quantiles (percentiles = 100% × quantiles (0, 1)) of weight (W) at the same total length (TL) were indicative of better body condition in an allometric growth model that included separate slopes and intercepts for the before and after groups. All quantiles of walleye weights by TL increased in the years after alewife introduction, ranging from 1.01 to 1.12 times weights in the years before alewife introduction, with greatest increases for the lower (<0.50) quantiles and greater TLs. Quantiles up to 0.25 (the lowest 25th percentiles) of white bass weights were reduced in years after alewife introduction for TLs less than 300 mm, ranging from 0.78 to 0.98 times weights in the years before alewife introduction. However, quantiles greater than or equal to 0.50 ...


Purpose: The availability of culturally safe and plain-language resources is necessary to reduce the spread of COVID-19 for Indigenous communities around the world. Translations For Our Nations is an initiative addressing these resource gaps, making available COVID-19 health resources in Indigenous languages on the web. The project began in April 2020 as a result of the Indigenous COVID-19 Health Partnership launched by Victor A. Lopez-Carmen, a Dakota and Yaqui medical student, Harvard Medical School) and co-founded by Sterling Stutz and Thilaxcy Yohathasan, (MPH-Indigenous Health at the University of Toronto), and Sukhmeet Singh Sachal (medical student, University of British Columbia).
Methods: Translators from Indigenous communities around the world signed up to participate in the project via a GoogleForm in April 2020. Over 100 Indigenous translators and community members in regions (South America, Asia, Africa, Europe, North America, and the Pacific) were provided the 5 English language source materials reviewed by physicians and Indigenous youth leaders. Translators submitted their translated documents via email and on September 1, 2020 the website Translations4OurNations.org was launched where the translated documents can be accessed and downloaded with more translations accepted on a rolling basis.
Results: Translations for our Nations has published COVID-19 health resources in 40+ Indigenous languages from around the world. The website also includes photos and text submissions from community members speaking to the importance of culturally-specific COVID-19 health information disseminated directly to communities in local languages and dialects.
Implications:  Indigenous Nations have the right to access vital health information in their mother tongue. This project is led by and designed for Indigenous youth and Indigenous community members to empower individuals and communities to make informed choices regarding their health and exposure risks, and decrease the risk of COVID-19 transmission in Indigenous communities around the world.


This article attempts to describe the means by which the unnamed and otherwise unidentified writer of An Account of the Life of Mr. Richard Savage, Son of the Earl Rivers (1744) sets the groundwork for his transformation into a paragon of authorship, one of the most spectacular author figures of his or any other time. In Savage, Samuel Johnson constructs a narrative of judgment and confinement, a kind of authorial novel, based on the principles of what I term a moral economy.3 This economy legislates questions of personal and textual representation and responsibility, weighing the individual author's debt to his audience and dependence upon the literary marketplace against general rules of conduct and composition. In the balance, the affecting


Without conscious thought, listeners link events in the world to sounds they hear. We study one surprising example: Adults can judge the temperature of water simply from hearing it being poured. How do these nuanced perceptual skills develop? Is extensive auditory experience required, or are these skills present in early childhood? In Exp.1, adults were exceptionally good at judging whether water was hot vs. cold from pouring sounds (M=93% accuracy; N=104). In Exp.2, we tested this ability in N=113 children aged 3-12 years, and found evidence of developmental change: Age significantly predicted accuracy (p<0.001, logistic regression), such that 3-5 year old children performed at chance while 85% of children age 6+ answered correctly. Overall our data suggest that perception of nuanced differences between auditory events is not part of early-developing cross-modal cognition, and instead develops over the first six years of life.


Leptin is an adipose‐secreted hormone that plays an important role in both metabolism and immunity. Leptin has been shown to induce Th1‐cell polarization and inhibit Th2‐cell responses. Additionally, leptin induces Th17‐cell responses, inhibits regulatory T (Treg) cells and modulates autoimmune diseases. Here, we investigated whether leptin mediates its activity on T cells by influencing dendritic cells (DCs) to promote Th17 and Treg‐cell immune responses in mice. We observed that leptin deficiency (i) reduced the expression of DC maturation markers, (ii) decreased DC production of IL‐12, TNF‐α, and IL‐6, (iii) increased DC production of TGF‐β, and (iv) limited the capacity of DCs to induce syngeneic CD4+ T‐cell proliferation. As a consequence of this unique phenotype, DCs generated under leptin‐free conditions induced Treg or TH17 cells more efficiently than DCs generated in the presence of leptin. These data indicate important roles for leptin in DC homeostasis and the initiation and maintenance of inflammatory and regulatory immune responses by DCs.


Abstract The majority of construction works are carried out at height; these are works that carry a high risk of accident. This paper presents an analysis of dangerous events associated with scaffolding. Information about these events was obtained from online resources. The collected data not only allowed analysis of occupational accidents but also accidents involving third parties and near-miss events. The paper presents particular examples of these events.


This paper presents a Matlab/Simulink toolbox used for the identification of regions of operation of a DC-DC boost converter under the influence of varying system parameters. The pulsed-width modulation (PWM) DC-DC boost converter with feedback controls is focused upon. The region of operation is quantified deterministically in terms of parameter space, based on the occurrence of bifurcations. Results are verified by power converter blockset in Simulink.


The complex and large‐scale scientific workflow applications are effectively executes on the cloud. The performance of cloud computing highly depends on the task scheduling. Optimal workflow scheduling is still a challenge that needs to be addressed due to the conflicting objectives and increasing demand for quality of service. Task scheduling is an NP‐hard problem due to its complexity. The newly introduced methods for resolving the problem of task scheduling are facing challenges to take the benefits of all aspects of cloud computing. In this article, we study the joint optimization of cost and makespan of scheduling workflows in infrastructure as a service clouds and propose a new workflow scheduling scheme using deep learning. In this scheme, a deep‐Q learning‐based heterogeneous earliest‐finish‐time (DQ‐HEFT) algorithm is developed, which closely integrates the deep learning mechanism with the task scheduling heuristic HEFT. The workflowsim simulator is used for the experiment of the real‐world and synthetic workflows. The experiment results demonstrate the efficiency of our proposed approach compared with existing algorithms. This technique can achieve significantly better makespan and speed metrics with a remarkably higher volume of data and can run faster compared with the existing workflow scheduling algorithms in cloud computing environment.


Pythagoras's number doctrine had a great effect on the development of science. Number is the key to the highest reality, and such approach allowed Pythagoras to transform mathematics from craft into science, which continues implementation of its project of "digitization of being". Pythagoras's project underwent considerable transformation, but it only means that the plan in knowledge is often far from result


Interpersonal communication and relation are the main factors that influence college students' mental health. Improving the interpersonal communicative capacity for college students is an important task for mental health education. Conflict is one of the social interactions that occurs frequently in daily life. It is a crucial problem for college students to understand conflict correctly and settle it effectively. This paper emphasizes the importance of conflict education for college students. Meanwhile, the ways to conflict education are suggested as the reference for educators and counselors, which will be meaningful for college students to develop their communication abilities and improve their mental health level.


In an effort to evaluate the efficacy of CPT-11 on prostate cancer we utilized the PC-3 human prostate cancer cell line (in vitro), and the Dunning R3327 AT-3 rat prostate cancer tumor line (in vivo). PC-3 cells were initially seeded and cultured prior to the addition of CPT-11 at different concentrations 48 and 120 h later. After an additional 48 h the number of cells was determined using MTT dye uptake. CPT-11 at concentrations between 10 ng/ml and 50 micrograms/ml inhibited the growth of the PC-3 prostate human cancer cell line up < 0.001). AT-3 prostate rat cancer cells were injected into the right flank of 30 Copenhagen X Fischer rats, divided into treated and control groups. A total dose of CPT-11 (200 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally, administered 1, 3 and 5 days postimplantation. We evaluated tumor growth by size and weight (5 and 10 days postimplantation). A total dose of 200 mg/kg inhibited the rapid growth of the prostate AT-3 tumor in vivo (p < 0.001).


The article presents an analytical review of existing legal instruments for regulating the market of cryptocurrencies and ethical relations in terms of their circulation in the European Union (EU). The genesis of law and regulatory instruments in the field of virtual currencies within the EU were presented. The mechanism of legal interaction of the main EU institutions and regulators on the cryptocurrency market was presented, and the main problems and shortcomings of legal support for the functioning of the cryptocurrency at the current stage of development of the EU legal system were identified.


Optical Coherence Tomography, OCT, is a relatively recent imaging technique that allows high-resolution imaging of the retina. It relies in certain optical characteristics of light to provide information of the eye fundus, facilitating the diagnosis of some eye pathologies [13]. In order to better understand the information carried in an OCT, we must model in detail the behavior of the electromagnetic wave as it travels through the sample with Maxwell's equations. In this work we discuss the numerical discretization of the time-dependent Maxwell's equations using a leap-frog type discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method. Nodal DG method [4] was chosen for the integration in space due to its high-order of accuracy and its ability to handle complex geometries. We focus on numerically illustrate the convergence properties of fully discrete schemes. In the model we consider anisotropic permittivity tensors which arise naturally in our application of interest [1].


Product tubelike with ballistic protection. # The present invention relates to a product composed of fiber with ballistic protection embedded with at least one layer of reinforcing fibers arranged filament wound fiber and forming a fiber composite shaped product tube. Said product fiber composite is tube-shaped circular typically tube; however, it can also be oval or even angular. Simultaneously, said product fiber composite is essentially suitable for use in different constructions in which it is desired to integrate shielding elements, including the vehicle body, for example in military vehicles. With regard to the construction of military vehicles, attempts have been made to reduce the weight of vehicles compared to the carrying capacity of vehicles.


A computer-based system for coding detailed information about head and neck injuries is presented. Modeled on the Occupant Injury Classification, the system uses five alphanumeric codes to locate the injury anatomically, and describe the type of injury and the tissues involved. A sixth code assigns the injury severity on the AIS scale. A dictionary that assigns codes for a large number of injury descriptions is presented, and a second dictionary defines severity scores. Strategies for selecting and defining injuries are discussed. Special consideration is given to th problem of scaling injuries that occur as part of an aggregate of several injuries. Finally, it is noted that the system is oriented to analysis of injury mechanism and protection rather than injury management.


Based on ABAQUS Simulating the Construction carried out on a high-rise commercial and residential building in Hunan Province. The results show that increasing the number of support layers can improve the static load performance and safety of the die structure, but the effect is not obvious.


A new species belonging to the genus Chaerilus Simon, 1877, Chaerilus telnovi sp. n., is described from the south of the island of Halmahera (Moluccas) in Indonesia. The new species is the first eyeless scorpion of the genus Chaerilus to be found in leaf litter. A short discussion about the evolutionary meaning of eyeless scorpions living in leaf litter or soil is also attempted.


Ohlson & Juettner-Naworth (2005) show, using a "scheme" developed in Ohlson 1998, 2000, that one can derive the residual income model from the discounted dividend model. However, their method involves the condition that an infinite sum (book value per share) divided by the infinite sum of discount factors will converge towards zero ("mild transversality condition"). Mathematically this needs not be the case as infinity divided by infinity is indeterminate. The following presents two reconciliation methods which are free from the convergence assumption.


Recently nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as a key signal molecule in plants. However, little is known about the role of NO in the salt tolerance of halophytes. Effects of the NO donors sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and nitrate (NO 2 ) on growth and ion accumulation in the euhalophyte Suaeda salsa under salinity were investigated in the present study. The results showed that higher SNP supply increased seedling emergence, but SNP had no effect on shoot growth and the concentrations of Na+, K+, Cl - , and NO 3 - . Higher NO 3 - had no effect on seedling emergence of the species. Shoot CI - decreased, but NO 3 increased markedly, with a higher NO 3 supply. The decrease in the estimated contribution of CI- to the osmotic potential was compensated for by an increase in that of NO 3 . It appears that NO 3 plays an important osmotic role in S. salsa under high salinity with a higher NO - 3 supply, and this trait may increase salt tolerance of the species under high salinity.


The multibody simulation of railway vehicle dynamics needs a reliable and efficient method to evaluate the contact points between wheel and rail, because their positions have a considerable influence on the direction and intensity of the contact forces. In this work, an innovative semi-analytic procedure for the detection of the wheel/rail contact points (named the DIFF method) is presented. This method considers the wheel and the rail as two surfaces whose analytic expressions are known and is based on the idea that in the contact points the difference between the surfaces has local minima and is equivalent to solving an algebraic two-dimensional system. The original problem can be reduced analytically to a simple scalar equation that can be easily solved numerically (since the problem dimension is one, even elementary non-iterative algorithms can be efficient).


Composite material film composed of Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) was prepared by a solvent evaporation technique. Cellular cultivation in vitro, Von Kossa staining and MTT assay were performed. The results of cytotoxicity test show that cells cultured in extracts of PLLA/β-TCP and on the surface of composite showed normal growth and proliferation, mineralization nodules were observed for fibroblasts cultured in PLLA/β-TCP extract at day 7. Compared with pure PLLA materials, β-TCP in the PLLA composite facilitate both adhesion and proliferation of rat fibroblasts on the PLLA/β-TCP composite film.


The purpose of the present research is to measure the effectiveness of metadata elements on the web page visibility in three public search engines: Google, Yahoo, and MSN. The effectiveness of the five metadata elements including HTML title tag, HTML Keywords and Description meta-tags, Title and Subject Dublin Core Metadata Elements, which concentrate on subject representation of the web page, were examined using the experimental method. 84 web pages were designed and submitted in both control and case groups. Among 3 public search engines only Google and Yahoo index the submitted pages. Unique and repeated keywords embedded as metadata elements were searched, and the significant differences between rankings of the two groups were examined by non-parametric U Mann-Whitney Test. Findings reveal the significant role of HTML Title tag and HTML Description Meta tag in two studied search engines. In comparison to repeated keywords, unique keywords in HTML Keywords Meta tag and Dublin Core Subject metadata improved the visibility of web pages in Yahoo search engine. While using repeated keywords in head section of HTML documents enhanced the rankings of web pages in Yahoo, results show the converse retrievability performance in Google search engine.


Abstract : The purpose of this research is to search the utilization of internet as learning resource media to improve student academic achievement. This research used descriptive method and qualitative method. The subject of this research is 4 students of social studies education of UIN Maliki Malang. The result of this research is the utilization of internet in among students of social studies education UIN Maliki Malang are as media of searching information to complete lecture assignments and to help students to find the creative new idea in the learning process and to support lectures to be more effective.  As for the supporting factors in utilizing the Internet as a medium of learning resources by students is a willingness of high students in seeking knowledge from the various sources that they open through Internet sites and able to motivate students In utilizing it as a learning resource. While the inhibiting factor in utilizing the Internet as a source of learning is the dependence of students on the Internet, utilizing the Internet as entertainment media as well as slow Internet access so that students take a long time to access data.
Keywords : Internet, Learning Resource, Academic Achievement


To assess the local and systemic intracoronary (IC) ergonovine maleate (EM), single or repeated 25 m̈g bolus injections were administered to 108 consecutive patients with chest pain and normal coronary arteriograms. Coronary artery spasm (CAS) was induced in 17 (15.7%) patients. None of these patients developed ST‐segment depression, and ST‐segment elevation appeared in only 6 (35.3%). In 59 of the 91 patients without CAS, both the IC and the intravenous (IV) EM arteriographic and hemodynamic effects were compared. The mean diameter of the vessels was reduced by 15% (p < 0.001) after two single 25 m̈g ICEM injections. Only insignificant changes were induced in the heart rate (baseline 80±15; after ICEM 79 ± 15 beats/min; p=NS) and systolic aortic pressure (baseline 147 ± 27; after ICEM 149±28 mmHG; p=NS). Following 350 m̈g of cumulative IVEM, the mean coronary diameter decreased by 20% (p<0.01 vs. ICEM dose) and the heart rate diminished slightly (76 ± 12 beats/min, p<0.01). However, the systolic aortic pressures did increase by 16% (171±28 mmHg; p<0.001). No major complications were observed. Thus, to induce CAS the IC delivery route appears to be safe, allows for more accurate titration, and adverse systemic effects, such as hypertension, are avoided.


Heterogeneous Amazonian landscapes and complex forest stand structure often make aboveground biomass (AGB) estimation difficult. In this study, spectral mixture analysis was used to convert a Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) image into green vegetation, shade, and soil fraction images. Entropy was used to analyze the complexity of forest stand structure and to examine impacts of different stand structures on TM reflectance data. The relationships between AGB and fraction images or TM spectral signatures were investigated based on successional and primary forests, respectively, and AGB estimation models were developed for both types of forests. Our findings indicate that the AGB estimation models using fraction images perform better for successional forest biomass estimation than using TM spectral signatures. However, both models based on TM spectral signatures and fractions provided poor performance for primary forest biomass estimation. The complex stand structure and associated canopy shadow greatly reduced relationships between AGB and TM reflectance or fraction images.


The iminium activation of aldehydes, the self-activation of olefins, and the simultaneous activation of metal ion alkynes are combined in a cascade sequence, constituting a new carbocyclization method to furnish indenes through a Conia-ene reaction, and a new heterocyclization method to furnish 1,2,3-triazoles through [3+2] cycloaddition.


Currently, more sophisticated image processing operations are not used on clinical workstations or CR (computed radiography) systems. One reason for this is the excessive time required to perform the image processing. One parallelism approach for improving image processing speed is to utilize a single instruction stream - multiple data stream (SIMD) computer. This paper presents the preliminary results for two classes of image processing algorithms which are useful in radiological applications: segmentation and registration.


Electron microscopy was performed on biopsy material from 179 patients with a variety of renal diseases. Electron microscopy established or significantly contributed to the diagnosis in 11 patients (6%) for whom light microscopic findings were normal or not definitive. It was most helpful in distinguishing renal vein thrombosis from other causes of membranous glomerulonephritis and in diagnosing tubular necrosis as the cause of acute renal failure and early diabetic glomerulosclerosis as the cause of asymptomatic proteinuria. It did not contribute to the diagnosis or management of the other renal diseases studied. Electron microscopy need not be performed as a routine procedure but it should be available for the occasional occurrence that otherwise defies diagnosis.


Scientists in academia and business have thoroughly studied Encryption Scheme (SE). Whereas many scientific SE methods provide verifiable confidentiality, in order to attain high performance, they typically reveal certain "trans (such as search and access patterns). Yet, a number of infer methods have taken advantage of this leaking, for instance, a query recovering attack that uses foreknowledge to convert transparent question passageways to their matching keywords. But at the other hand, several more pro - posed SE schemes require substantial modification applications, that also tends to make them less convenient, weak in user experience, and complicated to deploy. In this research, we offer IDCrypt, a safe and useful Is the Enclosure (SSE) scheme with demonstrable security power for azure. IDCrypt uses cryptographic techniques to increase SE's security level and search efficiency. We also highlight the key difficulties in safely sharing decrypted data across different individuals and search across several indexes. We suggest a coin search strategy to maintain the search features across several indexes or a key sharing system that combines Personality Crypto (IBE) with Community Encrypted data to solve the aforementioned problems (PKE). Our empirical findings demonstrate that the number of key agreement's expense is rather modest.


The high‐latitude ionosphere is highly dynamical with significant irregularities and density gradients. However, the spatial and temporal distributions of density gradients and irregularities are very different between the Arctic and Antarctic. In this report, we study the interhemispheric asymmetry of the large‐scale (100 km) density gradients in both polar caps. Our results show that density gradients in the Arctic are enhanced during local winter (December solstice) with a peak around 19 UT. The UT and spatial distributions in the Antarctic local winter (June solstice) are similar to the Arctic except that they are reversed by 12 hr, which indicates a mirror symmetry between hemispheres. The 12‐hr difference in the peak density gradients can be explained by the displacements between the geographic and geomagnetic poles. The only asymmetry (anomaly) is the persistence of strong density gradients in the southern polar cap during local summer (December solstice).


© 2020 The Authors. Policy & Internet published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Policy Studies Organization This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes. How Online Content Providers Moderate User‐Generated Content to Prevent Harmful Online Communication: An Analysis of Policies and Their Implementation


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of these unethical promotional activities on patient's quality of life.

Design/methodology/approach
In-depth interviews were conducted, and then quantitative method was also used on a large number of health care professionals.

Findings
Findings of the study demonstrated that unethical activities influence biased prescriptions and then it helps to misuse of medicines. The drug resistance is also affected by misuse of medicines. Misuse of medicine further affects on financial burden on patient. Drug resistance has impact on health compromise. Furthermore, finding of the study describes that drug resistance, health compromise and financial lead to the imbalance of patient's quality of life. Overall, findings revealed that pharmaceutical unethical promotional activity to achieve sales target is also a major cause of elements that disturbs patient's quality of life.

Originality/value
This is a research paper and not published before.


A cardinal objective of marketing is to create value for customers and to capture value from customers in return; and building strong brands facilitate the achievement of this objective. Strong brands win customers' preference through the assurance of value. The focus of this study is to examine the association between brand value and marketing wellness measured in terms of new product success, sales growth and market share. The study utilised data collected from sixty-six (66) respondents comprising of branch managers, marketing managers and inside sales officers of deposit money banks using a structured questionnaire. The P(r) was employed as the test statistic. All the statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS version 20.0. The study found positive and statistically significant correlation between brand value and all the three indices of marketing wellness considered in the study, with marketing share showing the strongest link with brand value. The study thus concludes that brand value influences marketing wellness and recommends that banks that seek marketing wellness measured in terms of market share, new product success and sales growth should build strong brands that consumers will hold in high repute and that also assure value for consumers. JEL: M31, M20 Article visualizations:


This paper presents a review of recent developments in the processing of metallic and ceramic powder via laser sintering techniques. The paper outlines the commercial DTM RapidTool and EOS EOSINT M systems; approaches which are mainly used for the manufacture of prototype tooling. The paper presents a summary of current research activities in both indirect and direct laser sintering being carried out in attempts to overcome current limitations. Approaches to the laser sintering of a number of metallic and ceramic systems are described. Potential applications of these techniques are described.


Since the publication in 1951 of a paper read to the Institute on bird navigation, a number of significant advances have been made in this field and a brief review of such progress will not be out of place. Most of this recent work has been concerned with the ability of birds to home to an area previously known to them. A useful summary, in English, has been published on the experiments done in Germany on the simple, inherited, one-direction movements of young birds on their first migration. The use of the Sun as a compass, in at least many cases, appears to be well established.


William Whitaker's The Conspiracy or Change of Go vernment (1680) establishes many historical and political parallels related to the g reat political tensions over the succession questio n in Restoration England. The Conspiracy, which is based on actual accounts of the history of the Ottoman Empire, comments on one of the most complicated pol itical allegories of the Exclusion Crisis period. Written in a time of great controversy over the suc cession issue, the play can be seen as an allegory of the dethronement and execution of King Charles I and th e restoration of his son, Charles II.


Emission patterns of NOx and S‐compounds are analyzed to study their influence on the concentrations of SO2, NOx, sulphate and nitrate in the air. Air mass trajectories, emission inventories and cluster analysis are used to define the emission patterns. The scheme that characterized most of the days is defined by low emissions from 48 hours until 18 hours before the measurements and it produces average concentrations. High concentrations are due to emission peaks. The time between these emission peaks and the measurement determines the importance of the emission peak on the concentration.


Young men of African‐Caribbean origin are over‐represented in mental health services (MHSs), often entering these services by coercive routes, such as under the Mental Health Act or via the criminal justice system. This pilot study focused on patients' narratives of their journey from first contact with primary care services. Our principal aim was to describe and compare early experiences of help‐seeking for serious mental health problems among young men of white and black ethnicity.In‐depth interviews were conducted (using a topic guide) with black and white men aged 18‐30 years old and who were accessing secondary care mental health services for the first time for a psychotic illness. Participants were recruited from the early intervention services serving inner‐city Birmingham. Seven participants were interviewed, and 12 themes were identified from transcripts. Six of these individuals had consulted their GP prior to accessing the early intervention service. Only one attendee received medication at initial consultation, and none were referred to specialist mental health services. Participants described the manner in which family or friends interceded on their behalf to advocate for and secure specialist help ‐ either by accompanying them to see their GP, contacting mental health services directly or taking them to the local accident and emergency department. The latter route was accessed by black but not white participants. Three out of four black participants and one out of three white participants were subsequently admitted to hospital. None of the participants were particularly satisfied with their experience of primary care. Communication was less than ideal, and participants were able to reflect on their own failure to disclose critical information to their doctor. By contrast, all participants confided in family or in their trusted friends that they were becoming aware that they were experiencing mental distress.Our findings confirm the difficulties faced by GPs and those who consult them in the early stages of first onset psychotic episodes, and the importance of having family or friends who are able to advocate on other people's behalf at times of crisis. Despite the advent of universal early intervention services across the UK, those most in need may still not be receiving the help that they need in the timeliest manner.


Tests confirmed the hypothesis that rapid catastrophic failures of Zircaloy-sheathed defected UO/sub 2/ fuel elements can be caused by the presence of approximately 500 ppm fluoride in the UO/sub 2/. The previous, satisfactory behavior of defected fuel elements is typical of the more normal production material. It is therefore suggested that the failures encountered were due to the high fluoride content of the UO/sub 2/ used in the tests. The fabrication, irradiation testing, and post-irradiation examination of the elements in this experiment are described. (auth)


It is very useful to selet scientific construction plan,ensure reasonable construction order,use least fund with best economic benefit.Construction management olan is effective to guide construction project with best quality,lowest cost and time scheduled.


Background The treatment and prognosis of nasal polyposis (NP) may be influenced by transcription factors, but their expression is poorly understood.


In the second half of the 5 century, pagan circles in Alexandria became the object of continuous Christian attacks. The emperor Zeno sent an envoy named Nikomedes to Alexandria to undertake an investigation in the 580s. As a result, some of the pagan scholars were arrested and even tortured. Among them were some of the most important Alexandrian teachers, including Ammonios, the famous teacher of philosophy. The records of these events are, however, so poorly preserved that it is impossible to define not only their background, intensity, and duration, but also when exactly the so-called 'persecutions' took place. The most important and valuable among recent studies on the events are the articles and books written by P. Athanassiadi and E. Watts. However, some elements of the proposed reconstructions seem to have been invented to fill the large gaps in the data. In this article, I will present and analyze the source information connected to the 'persecutions' and the most important hypotheses of the modern scholars, especially some of the popular reconstructions of the events that need to be verified.


Pursuing an investigation started in (Math. Meth. Appl. Sci. 2007; 30:681–706), we consider a generalization of the FitzHugh–Nagumo model for the propagation of impulses in a network of nerve fibres. To this aim, we consider a whole neuronal network that includes models for axons, somata, dendrites, and synapses (of both inhibitory and excitatory type). We investigate separately the linear part by means of sesquilinear forms, in order to obtain well posedness and some qualitative properties. Once they are obtained, we perturb the linear problem by a nonlinear term and we prove existence of local solutions. Qualitative properties with biological meaning are also investigated. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The utility model is applicable to the technical field of work fixtures and provides a terminal assembling tool used for connecting a plug-type a male wire connecting terminal with a female wire connecting terminal. The terminal assembling tool comprises a body, wherein the body is provided with a containing groove capable of clamping the male wire connecting terminal or the female wire connecting terminal. Furthermore, the body also comprises a clamping part positioned at the front end and a handle part positioned at the rear end, and the containing groove is arranged at the front end face of the clamping part and extended along the direction of the handle part; the containing groove comprises a first containing part and a second containing part communicated with the first containing part, and the adjoining part between the two containing parts is provided with a step used for butting against the female wire connecting terminal. Under the adoption of the assembling tool, an operator can held the body so as to completely clamp the head of the female wire connecting terminal into the tool and then to carry out assembly, therefore the terminal assembling tool can increase the terminal assembling efficiency, ensure the accurate butt joint between the male wire connecting terminal and the female wire connecting terminal, cause the assembly quality to be high and generate no damage to wire stocks, thus having good reliability.


A screw for fixing the spine is provided, in which the spine screw is formed in a double screw thread and improves the coherence by making the screw drive a tunnel in the spine in mounting the spine screw. A screw for fixing the spine comprises: a screw part(200) comprising a screw for fixing the backbone of a patient; and a head unit(100) formed integrally on the top of the screw part. The head unit comprises: a U-shaped rod insertion hole(102) in which the rod for connecting to the neighboring backbone fixing screw is inserted; a female thread(103) formed at the inner side of the U-shaped rod insertion hole; and a groove(101) for fixing the tools.


: The aesthetic ideas and expression methods of traditional Chinese landscape painting influence all aspects of contemporary oil painting landscape creation. It not only guides oil painting creators to pay attention to environmental issues, return to nature, and explore cultural connotations, but also reminds oil painting creators to pursue both form and spirit and profound artistic effects while expressing nature. The uniqueness of oil painting creation is highlighted, and the artistic value is enhanced. This article analyzes the aesthetic expression of contemporary oil painting landscape creation and the similarities and differences between traditional Chinese painting and contemporary oil painting landscape painting. Based on refining the aesthetic values in traditional Chinese painting, it studies the impact of traditional Chinese painting aesthetics on contemporary oil painting landscape creation, providing reference for related research.


Low UV-B fluence is a signaling stimulus that regulates various physiological processes and induces photomorphogenic responses. The specific UV-B receptor UVR8, is a key component in these proceses. Although UVR8 sequence is conserved, few homologs have been cloned and reported to be functional from green algae, moss and dicots. Here we show the cloning and functional analysis of Zea mays UVR8 (ZmUVR8). ZmUVR8 has 73% of identity to AtUVR8. Key trypthophan responsible of UV-B perception are conserved, as well as the VP domain in the C27 region, involved in the interaction with the proteins COP1 and RUP1. Blastp analysis shows that all the components of Arabidopsis UVR8 pathway are present in maize. UVR8 was expressed in non-irradiated Arabidopsis and maize plants. However, after 2h of UV-B irradiation, UVR8 expression was reduced 3 and 6-fold respectively. This indicates a similar regulation of expression under UV-B treatment in both species. Arabidopsis uvr8-1 null mutant was complemented with ZmUVR8 driven by the CaMV-35S promoter and fused to eGFP. Whereas UV-B stimulates GFP-UVR8 nuclear accumulation in Arabidopsis, ZmUVR8-eGFP fusion was mainly localized in nuclei of transgenic lines, irrespective of UV-B treatments. The hypocotyl length inhibition, is the most commonly phenotype analyzed to investigate the functions of photoreceptors in Arabidopsis. UV-B suppressed hypocotyl growth in wt Arabidopsis plants whereas uvr8-1 was impaired in this response. Hypocotyl elongation was reduced in complementary lines. These results confirmed that ZmUVR8 is similar enough to AtUVR8 to restore UV-B perception and signaling in Arabidopsis being a functional UV-B photoreceptor.


Abstract Despite its major importance in international trade, the city of Butembo in the North Kivu province of the Democratic Republic of Congo is deprived of such basic urban infrastructure as electricity. Private and public actors have attempted to bring power to the city, but their efforts have remained fruitless. Analysis of these failed projects to electrify the city offers a glimpse of local power relations. Why, rather than cooperating, do various local power holders counteract each other? Will gaining credit for bringing electric power to the city in turn yield political power over its future? With a special focus on a hydroelectric dam that was built but never functioned, this article sheds light on the way in which the citizens of Butembo relate to different bodies of authority. I argue that the hydroelectric dam gradually became a tool in a larger political strategy.


This paper is about the total number of individuals who are heterozygotic for a specified allele, before it is either lost or fixed. The exact distribution is found for small populations, and two limiting processes are investigated. STATISTICAL GENETICS; HETEROZYGOSITY; BOREL-TANNER DISTRIBUTION; DIFFUSION APPROXIMATION


The causes for the measured frequency spectrum produced the linear scale by the bias delay-line when terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system was used in the actual measurements were analyzed,and the linear scale of the measured frequency spectrum was compared and corrected with the results of the commercial,high-precision infrared Fourier transform spectrometer as reference,and the calibrated result was very close to the true value,that proved that this way was a feasible approach toward precision THz spectroscopy.


This chapter explores the potential for greater use of local authority-owned companies and other council-controlled, arm's-length entities to manage local government assets and services. It looks at the opportunities, risks and implications for accountability and local democracy, with an emphasis on arrangements for post-incorporation governance. These are considered not just from the conventional perspective of good corporate governance including risk management, but also in terms of how they can contribute to strengthening local democracy and community participation in decision-making.


To examine whether percentage of tumour volume (%TV) and percentage of high‐grade tumour volume (%HGTV) help to better identify men at higher risk of early biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) for non‐metastatic high‐risk prostate cancer, as early BCR after RP might be associated with higher risk of metastases and cancer‐specific mortality.


In recent years, a number of large scale and deep underground metal mines have been developed in China, with proposed annual capacity generally exceeding 10 million tonnes. Where protecting the environment from surface subsidence, optimising recovery of ore resources and reducing the tailings storage requirements, the recommended approach is to fill with tailings backfill. Therefore, the study of large scale backfill technology and corresponding equipment becomes essential. Filling systems with tailings face new technical problems and challenges in large scale backfilling situations.
This paper analyses the characteristics of technical processes, strategy selection and organisation of production for large scale backfill. It briefly introduces the paste thickeners and new sand bins, both of which can produce high-density tailings or paste in large quantities. The enlargement and improvement of mechanical mixers of vertical and horizontal types, which are used to mix tailings or paste with binders or other materials, is studied in this paper. A case study using large vertical mixers for backfill is described. The paper then describes the development of pumps for backfill in large flow and high pressure situations. Large scale backfill makes pipeline design critical, and this is also discussed in the paper.


With the Wuhekou cable-stayed bridge as the research background,the thesis makes a comparison on the performance of several waterproof binding materials for the bridge deck pavement.Through the indoor simulation experiment,it compares and analyzes the pavement performance,and undertakes the field measurement on the construction quality of the selected waterproof layer,in order to lay a foundation for the similar projects to select waterproof binding materials reasonably.


Sugar, a vital resource, is one of the key products extracted from sugarcane. During the
extraction of this product, the sugarcane is passed through a series of grooved rollers. This project is concerned with the automation of the manufacture of these rollers. After reviewing the various methods that could be used to cut a series of grooves into the roller shell, the aim of the project was to develop a device or machine which will
automate part of the manufacture of the roller shells. Speci¯cally, the design was to meet the following requirements: - Able to handle a typical sized roller and most if not all of the roller sizes used. - Able to complete assigned operations at an equivalent production rate as current processes employed, or better. - Able to sense roller position and status and then determine the appropriate course of action. - Able to operated safely by non-technical personnel. Rather than attempt to modify a traditional lathe, a novel approach was developed
and pursued. This approach was to hold the roller stationary and rotate the cutting tool around the roller instead.


Aspen Plus is a large-scale chemical simulation software based on steady-state chemical simulation, optimization, sensitivity analysis and economic evaluation. It can analyze the planning, research, development and technical reliability of chemical processes. High-purity citronellol and geraniol, the main high-value components of citronella oil, make the rectification and purification process difficult due to their boiling point and heat sensitivity, with high separation cost and poor effect, resulting in low economic benefits. This paper uses Aspen Plus software to estimate the physical properties of citronellol and geraniol system through known structural formula and room temperature boiling point; uses citronellol-geraniol vapor-liquid equilibrium experimental data to select physical properties analytical methods of Aspen Plus software; conducts process design and simulation of the high vacuum separation of citronellol and geraniol by using DSTWU simple simulation tower and RadFrac strict simulation tower respectively, gets the process parameters of citronellol and geraniol distillation tower, checks the separation process, and optimizes the separation conditions, which provide support for using industrial production in the high-purity separation of citronella oil system.


Which parts of a dataset will a given model find difficult? Recent work has shown that SGD-trained models have a bias towards simplicity, leading them to prioritize learning a majority class, or to rely upon harmful spurious correlations. Here, we show that the preference for 'easy' runs far deeper: A model may prioritize any class or group of the dataset that it finds simple—at the expense of what it finds complex—as measured by performance difference on the test set. When subsets with different levels of complexity align with demographic groups, we term this difficulty disparity, a phenomenon that occurs even with balanced datasets that lack group/label associations. We show how difficulty disparity is a model-dependent quantity, and is further amplified in commonly-used models as selected by typical average performance scores. We quantify an amplification factor across a range of settings in order to compare disparity of different models on a fixed dataset. Finally, we present two real-world examples of difficulty amplification in action, resulting in worse-than-expected performance disparities between groups even when using a balanced dataset. The existence of such disparities in balanced datasets demonstrates that merely balancing sample sizes of groups is not sufficient to ensure unbiased performance. We hope this work presents a step towards measurable understanding of the role of model bias as it interacts with the structure of data, and call for additional model-dependent mitigation methods to be deployed alongside dataset audits.


Satisfying the information needs of a large international company has become a complex and highly specialised activity. A simple literature search or a few published papers are often insufficient to answer the specific requirements of many enquirers. Information Services at ICI Wilton have tried to meet the challenge by producing business intelligence reports. These are reviews of collated and assessed information tailor-made to answer specific enquiries. This paper outlines our approach to writing such reports.


retirement, along with a letter from Page to E.R. Dodds about the H–S edition, with a series of suggested emendations; and lastly an extensive review of the H–S Editio Maior by Evanghelos Roussos (1931–2016), a friend of Paul Kalligas. All in all, a fascinating treasure-trove of material relative to this great edition and its authors, very well edited by Stern-Gillet, with much technical help, it seems, from Baracat. The volume is completed by a most useful index locorum and an index nominum.


Based on PM_(10) mass concentration levels computed from the Air Pollution Index(API) from December 4 to 17,2008,the system clustering method was used to classify 86 cities of China into 7 subregions.The subregions were adjusted according to analysis of the synchronicity characteristics of PM_(10) mass concentration and actual synoptic conditions.Because of the high values of PM_(10) mass concentration in North China and East China,the regional conditions and pollution process of these two subregions were discussed.Comparative analysis of the synchronicity characteristics in North China and East China was carried out,and a conceptual model relating the regional pollution process and synoptic pattern was built based on causation and the rule of synoptic patterns.The results indicated that the synoptic patterns,distribution,scale,movement and evolution are the main driving forces of the regional process character and the appearance of peak and valley values of PM_(10) mass concentration.The system clustering method and concept model established in this paper can be used to research divisional control and causes of formation of city and regional pollutant processes in China.


Nutrient accumulations and the changes of exchangeable cation ions and their ratios in the soils under sunlight greenhouses in Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi province were analyzed.The results showed that the contents of organic matter,nitrate,and available phosphorus and potassium in the greenhouse soils were significantly accumulated.The cation exchangeable capacity(CEC) in the greenhouse soils was also higher than that in the open fields;on the contrary,the soil pH of the greenhouse was declined.The content of exchangeable K+,or Mg2+ ions and the ratio of the ion to the total exchangeable ions in greenhouse soils were increased,especially for K+ ion.There was no significant difference in the content of exchangeable Ca2+ ion between the greenhouse soil and open fields.The ratio of the exchangeable Ca2+ ion to the total exchangeable ions,and the ratios of Ca/K and Mg/K in greenhouse soils were lower than that of open fields,due to the excessive application of potassium fertilizer in the greenhouses.It is suggested that to evaluate the supply of available nutrients in the greenhouse soils,not only the contents of exchangeable ions but also the ratios of these ions in soils is needed to be included.


Abstract. Сulture сhanges, taking place under the influence of the transition to the information society, cause a transformation of the economic, political, cultural and other areas. Establishing the culture of the informational epoch has affected the restructuring of the social relations system, which in the general cultural context affects the social formation of social actors, in particular in the field of leisure. Therefore, there is a necessity to research socio-pedagogical aspect of the leisure sphere transformation under the influence formation of the information society culture. To reach the research goals, it's advisable to use the following methods: theoretical − analysis, generalisation and systematisation, which revealed the social and educational aspects field of leisure transformation under conditions of an information society. Analysis of current research makes it possible to determine the «leisure» as a historical and socio-cultural phenomenon, based on meeting the recreational needs of the relevant activities of social actors in their spare time in a specially created space-institutional environment. Today the leisure sector is being transformated under the influence of a culture information civilization and obtaines the special features (ability to meet the needs of leisure activities of social actors, the ability to provide a variety of individual preferences according to the age, sex, social status, social situation of others; regulation leisure areas; integration and cultural predilection). On the basis of features leisure areas and features of a culture of information society defined trend (expansion of entertainment with the renewal and transformation of the information environment, which is the focus of active leisure, the internet is a means of entertainment, there is virtualisation leisure; leisure needs of social subjects beyond ordinary social space and acquire characteristics of globalization; transformation of forms and kinds of leisure; new elements appear and the characteristics and leisure activities; the emergence of the leisure risks), which directly affect the implementation of leisure activities of social actors in information civilization.


The definition, classification, content and method of Computer Aided Precision Analysis (CAPA) were put forward to take computer technology into precision design works. Facing narrow sensed CAPA, the 3D Full Semantic Product Model (FSPM) was constructed. According to the product's different hierarchies, FSPM was classified as part level and assembly level, therefore different information should be defined for each kind of FSPM in model construction. And this information was transformed into relevant adjacent matrixes and stored into their corresponding model files. Compared with geometrical model based on features design, the FSPM could provide the information in compute aided precision analysis, such as precision demand, dimension and geometrical tolerance, surface roughness and assembly constraints. As the result, the FSPM could provide the basic model for CAPA and was successfully applied in the development of computer aided precision analysis system.


Counter-rotating-wave terms (CRWTs) are traditionally viewed to be crucial in open small quantum systems with strong system–bath dissipation. Here by exemplifying in a nonequilibrium qubit–phonon hybrid model, we show that CRWTs can play the significant role in quantum heat transfer even with weak system–bath dissipation. By using extended coherent phonon states, we obtain the quantum master equation with heat exchange rates contributed by rotating-wave-terms (RWTs) and CRWTs, respectively. We find that including only RWTs, the steady state heat current and current fluctuations will be significantly suppressed at large temperature bias, whereas they are strongly enhanced by considering CRWTs in addition. Furthermore, for the phonon statistics, the average phonon number and two-phonon correlation are nearly insensitive to strong qubit–phonon hybridization with only RWTs, whereas they will be dramatically cooled down via the cooperative transitions based on CRWTs in addition. Therefore, CRWTs in quantum heat transfer system should be treated carefully.