In its proposed IFRS for Small and Medium-sized Entities (February 2007), the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) proposes that entities without public accountability, which the IASB calls small and medium-sized entities (SMEs) should be accounted for differently to publicly accountable entities (stock exchange listed companies and entities managing assets in a fiduciary capacity for a broad range of outsiders). External users of the financial statements of SMEs are said to have different information needs. To the extent that the information needs of external users of financial tatements are different depending on whether entities are publicly accountable or not, the regulations governing international financial reporting should also be different. Global financial reporting standards for SMEs would make comparison across borders possible. The IASB's objective is an independent IFRS for SMEs. Therefore the draft standard's dependence, among other things, on the full IFRS system affects the quality of the differential financial reporting model. The aim of this paper is to analyse the extent to which the draft standard is dependent on the full IFRS system. Recommendations to avoid any dependence are presented. No attempt is made in this paper to analyse the different information needs suggested by the IASB or the IASB's stated objective of an independent reporting standard for SMEs.


During the development of software,the shared memory always meets potential problem,one process may consume too much memory so that other procsses may be starved.Aiming at the problem,this paper describes an implementation of dynamic memory management based on Linux kernel to limit the maximum memory size of each process that can be applied,avoids system crash caused by memory leak as well.Experimental results show that the management has a high effectiveness and is easy to be used.


Whether it is single or compound heavy metal pollution, it is universal, complex, and invisible. The soil pollution cannot be completely resolved only relying on a single repair technology, requiring multiple approaches often. The combined remediation technologies of soil pollution can exert respective advantages, abandon their shortcomings, and optimize the repair effect. Based on a large number of literature surveys, this article discussed the application of combined remediation in heavy metal-contaminated soils, in order to provide reference for the rehabilitation of heavy metal-contaminated soils.


A synthesis model based on support vector machine ensemble (SVME) is proposed for the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation. This method is based on the advantages of the support vector machine (SVM), such as high fitting precision, simple structure, and strong generalization ability. The basic concept of the method is to select SVMs, optimally, to construct an SVME with the aid of the binary particle‐swarm optimization algorithm. The performance of the proposed model is validated by comparing its simulation results with that of neural networks and a few other state‐of‐the‐art models. Experiments show that this method can reduce the prediction error and improve the generalization ability, using a limited number of training samples.


We establish Lp, 2≤p≤∞, solvability of the Dirichlet~boundary value problem for a parabolic equation ut−div(A∇u)−B⋅∇u=0 on time-varying domains with coefficient matrices


Given a complete, cocomplete category 𝒞, we investigate the problem of describing those small categories I such that the diagonal functor Δ: 𝒞 → Functors(I, 𝒞) is a Frobenius functor. This condition can be rephrased by saying that the limits and the colimits of functors I → 𝒞 are naturally isomorphic. We find necessary conditions on I for a certain class of categories 𝒞, and, as an application, we give both necessary and sufficient conditions in the two special cases 𝒞 =Set or R ℳ, the category of left modules over a ring R.


The reform of College English Tecaching focuses on the shift from teaching- centered to learning- centered, emphasizing over- all competence in the four skills,introducing new teaching perspective,new learning environment and guarantees the quality of teaching and learning. This paper explores the possibility of using new English Learning System to help improve English teaching with new teaching mode and effective learning approaches.


Intramolecular spirocyclization of six-membered cyclic N-acyliminium ions with a tethered conjugated diene has been studied. The reaction of an N-acyliminium ion bearing an endocyclic amide carbonyl group led to spirocyclization to give a l-azaspiro[5.5]undecane compound.


High-resolution Brillouin spectroscopy was used to study the elastic properties of ferroelastic K 3 Na(SeO 4 ) 2 . The temperature dependence of nine Brillouin modes of the acoustic phonons propagating in the [100], [010], [001], and [011] directions were measured in the temperature range 290-380 K. These results indicate a 3m→2/m transition at T c =334 K followed, by approximately 12 K, by a transition involving an unknown mode Q


Preterm neonates, often hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care units (NICU), undergo multiple skin-breaking procedures. To minimize procedural pain, these infants frequently receive repeated administration of sucrose of varying concentrations and doses. Repetitive procedural pain has been associated with neurodevelopmental consequences, but long-term effects of repeated sucrose administration and volume are unknown.

 Our goal was to examine the association of total volume of sucrose over the NICU stay and neurodevelopment of preterm neonates at 18 months corrected gestational age (CGA).

 A prospective longitudinal observational study was conducted in four level-III Canadian NICUs. Infants <32 weeks of gestational age (GA) at birth and <10 days of life at enrollment were included. The minimally effective dose of 24% sucrose (0.1 ml) was administered prior to all skin-breaking procedures during the NICU stay. Total volume of sucrose administered for painful procedures was calculated for the full hospitalization. Infants were assessed at 18 months CGA by a trained observer using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III). The standardized mean score for each Bayley-III component was reported out of 100 (±15). Scores ≥85 are considered within normal limits. The association between sucrose and 18-month composite development scores, adjusting for birthweight and maternal use of medication for depression, were conducted using GEE models accounting for NICU site.

 Of the 168 infants enrolled in the study, 118 completed the Bayley-III assessment at 18 months (60% male, mean GA at birth 28.3 [±2.2] weeks, mean birth weight [1092 (±354) grams]). Infants received an average of 5.92 (±5.59) ml of sucrose during the hospitalization for an average of 58 (±70) skin-breaking painful procedures. The mean Bayley-III scores were within normal limits; cognitive 91 (±17), language 86 (±18), motor 88 (±17). There was no statistically significant association between total sucrose volume administered and cognitive (p=0.98), language (p=0.68), and motor (p=0.29) Bayley-III scores in the adjusted analyses.

 Results do not generally indicate neurodevelopmental delay in preterm infants assessed at 18 months of CGA. The association between total sucrose volume administered for painful procedures and neurodevelopment requires more research as the infant matures, to better understand the impact of sucrose on long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes and with attention to potential confounders. The relationship between the combination of sucrose and other evidence-supported interventions (e.g., skin-to-skin care, breastfeeding) for all painful procedures during the NICU and neurodevelopment also requires further investigation.


A new multiobjective intelligent coordination strategy is proposed to solve nodes coordination problem in wireless sensor and actor networks.As for the sensors in WSANs are incomplete connected,the local sensors clustering algorithm is designed to ensure communication between sensors.During the coordination between the cluster heads and the actors,network energy consumption equilibrium and network sampling period are the optimization goals,the discrete multi-objective free search algorithm is used to program actor route.Route punishment strategy and route equilibrium strategy is proposed to ensure the effectiveness of optimal results and balance actors energy consumption.Simulation results show that the intelligent coordination mechanism for WSANs can effectively program multi-actors route,and achieve equilibrium between network real-time coordination requirement and energy consummption.


A brief review is presented of recent developments in the field of pion‐nucleus and kaon‐nucleus interactions. The isobar‐hole formalism is used in order to investigate the properties of the resonance propagation in the nuclear medium. Since the emphasis of this talk is layed on kaon‐nucleus scattering, only elastic and quasi‐free scattering in the Δ resonance region is discussed for pion scattering, although there exist a lot of other interesting reactions. For kaon scattering, the discussion is divided into three topics, i.e., Λ(1520), and several Λ's and Σ's around ER≂1700 MeV.


Vitamin C and sodium erythorbate could be utilized as reducer in the production of KGM. Effect of different reducers and their dosages on color of KGM were studied. The study showed 3000 mg·L -1 vitamin C or 5000 mg·L -1 sodium erythorbate could replace natrium bisulfurosum and natrium thiosulfuricum as reducer in the production of KGM without sulphur.


Liver RNA and protein breakdown rates were measured simultaneously in fed and in 24 h-fasted rats during a short-term cyclic perfusion, 1 h after an intraperitoneal injection of glucagon or of saline. RNA was labelled in vivo by an intraperitoneal injection of [6-14C]orotic acid, 60 h before the start of the perfusion. The accumulation of radioactive cytidine and valine in the perfusion medium for 15 min was used to determine RNA breakdown and proteolysis respectively. The portal glucagon/ insulin ratio was significantly higher in the fasted glucagon-treated rats than in their fed counterparts. Although glucagon administration significantly increased RNA and protein degradation rates in the fasted and in the fed groups, the effect was


In this paper,oscillations of second-order nonlinear impulsive delay differential equation with damping are investigated,and some sufficient conditions about oscillations of second-order nonlinear impulsive differential equation with damping are obtained.


Nowadays, with huge advent of mobile technology and surveillance supports there is increase in demand for visual quality rapidly. H.265/HEVC focuses on HDVC techniques with employing edge object detection‐based scheme. This paper proposes a novel discrete curvelet transform and modified WHOG for video surveillance services. The proposed discrete curvelet transform and modified WHOG‐based schemes were ensured optimal performance both in detection of edges and information coding. The decomposition of bit‐depth among two levels establishes the details of intensity components and Codec efficiency in all level. In addition, to improve the robustness of the proposed method in terms of compression/encoding efficiency, frame‐based statistical features were encountered to optimize the intensity level or depth‐map. The simulated results reveal the effectiveness of the projected algorithm in edge‐based video compression for surveillance services, which avoids edge blurring and retains perceptual quality while reconstruction with viable PSNR.


The antibacterial and antifungal activity of methanolic extract of Asteracantha longifolia Nees has been evaluated against 4 Gram positive bacteria, 7 Gram negative bacteria and 7 fungi. Ciprofloxacin and fluconazole used as standards for bacteria and fungi, respectively. The extract showed varying degrees of antimicrobial activity with zone of inhibition ranging from 15.0 to 26.0 mm. A. longifolia demonstrated significant zone of inhibition against all experimental bacteria, namely, B. cereus, B. megaterium, B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. paratyphi, S. typhi, Sh. dysenteriae, Sh. Sonnei and V. cholerae and four fungi, namely, A. niger, B. dermatitidis, Microsporum spp. and Trichophyton spp. The MICs of the plant extract was found to be 31.25 μg/ml against B. cereus, S. typhi, Sh. Sonnei, V. cholerae, A. niger and B. dermatitidis. In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the LC50 and LC90 of A. longifolia were found to be 6.1 & 12.2 μg/ml, respectively. INTRODUCTION: The use of plants in various parts of the world for both preventive and curative purposes is an ancient tradition and is increasing pragmatically. With this upsurge however, a thorough scientific investigation of these medicinal plants is imperative, based on the need to provide information on their efficacies and toxicity risk. One such plant Asteracantha longifolia Nees is used in the folklore medicine of Bangladesh as an oral remedy for various ailments like rheumatism, inflammation, jaundice, hepatic obstruction and pain without scientific evaluation of its efficacy. A. longifolia Nees belongs to the family (Acanthaceae) is a common weed growing in marshy and water logged areas . The plant is an important medicinal herb, widely distributed in Indian subcontinent and is used by local population for different medicinal purposes . The roots, seeds and ashes of the plant are extensively used in traditional system of medicine for various ailments like jaundice, hepatic obstruction, rheumatism, inflammation, pain, urinary infections, edema and gout. It is classified in Ayurvedic system as seethaveeryam, mathuravipaka and used for the treatment of premeham (diabetes), athisaram (dysentery), etc 3, . Literature survey revealed that there are no scientific studies carried out regarding antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities on the Asteracantha longifolia to authenticate their therapeutic claim. Hence, in the present study the methanolic extracts of Asteracantha longifolia was examined for its antimicrobial and cytotoxic property.


Provided is a production method for polyethylene-based resin extruded foam sheets, in which: a foamable molten resin composition comprising a low-density polyethylene, a physical foaming agent, and an antistatic agent that have been kneaded is extruded and foamed; and polyethylene-based resin extruded foam sheets are formed. The production method for polyethylene-based resin extruded foam sheets is characterized: by the thickness of the foam sheets being 0.05-0.5 mm; and by, using as the antistatic agent, a polymeric antistatic agent that has a melting point within -10-10°C of the low-density polyethylene melting point and a melt flow rate of at least 10 g/10 mins. As a result, a novel polyethylene-based resin extruded foam sheet can be obtained that, regardless of being extremely thin, is high quality, has excellent strength and shock-absorbing properties, prevents/suppresses generation of fine pores or through-holes even after medium to long-term continuous production, exhibits sufficient antistatic properties, and is suitable as an interleaving paper for glass plates.


Abstract Nickel Oxide (NiO) thin films were deposited over glass and FTO substrates using nebulizer spray pyrolysis technique. The influence of various annealing temperatures (400, 450, 500 and 550 °C) on film stoichiometry and its subsequent effect on physical and electrochromic properties were studied. Structural information, chemical state and change in morphological properties of the deposited films concerning the film stoichiometry and concentration of cationic vacancy (VNi) induced Ni3+ ions are discussed with the help of XRD, XPS, HR-SEM, EDS and AFM. The variation of optical parameters associated with the presence of defects in NiO is reported from UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis. Electrochromic performance of the prepared films was evaluated using cyclic-voltammetry, chronoamperometry, chronocoulometry and iono-optical electrochemical measurements. Enhanced electrochromic behavior with a rapid switching response time of 0.3/0.5 s of bleached/colored states respectively was realized for NiO film with relatively higher concentration of Ni3+. Graphical Abstract


As high resistance to fatigue loading together with high overtorque and compression capacities are at the top of a list of required features for connections to be used in new drilling and completion techniques such as casing drilling, then special connections with enhanced performance need to be developed. On the other hand, a cost-effective solution should be chosen to balance the performance when considering low-demanding shallow wells for which sophisticated premium connections could be uneconomical. This paper describes the development and evaluation of premium and semi-premium connections for tubing/casing which were developed to stand cyclic loads and reach an extended number of cycles under such conditions. The development process of an integral connection for casing sizes targetting very demanding applications comprised Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and Full Scale Fatigue Test (FSFT) showing Stress Concentration Factors (SCF) lower than 2. In addition, during the development of the semi-premium connection to cover less demanding applications, some of these techniques were used to optimize the results until getting SCF lower than 3, good enough when low doglegs are present. The results of the tests are plotted in S-N (Alternating Stress vs Number of cycles to failure) curve with a standard curve as a reference. As per the results, both types of connections achieved the objective set at the beginning of the development process now being suitable alternatives for low and high demanding drilling/completion operations.


Background. People's subjective perceptions of illness are important determinants of their ways of coping with health threats and the ensuing physical and mental outcomes, including quality of life (QoL), which has been consistently reported to be impaired by contact dermatitis.


In 1994, a senior lender at a West Coast financial institution must evaluate an opportunity to provide credit for a management buyout of a vineyard. The tasks for the student are to value the vineyard, assess its ability to service the proposed debt, critically evaluate the buyout terms, and recommend action for the lender. Excerpt UVA-F-1094 Rev. Apr. 26, 2016 Calaveras Vineyards In March 1994, Anne Clemens, a senior vice president at Goldengate Capital, received a loan proposal from Tom Howell, a managing director with NationsBank's investment-banking group. The brochure described the prospective management acquisition of Calaveras Vineyards and solicited Goldengate's participation in the $ 4.5million senior financing facility. The facility would consist of a $ 2 million term loan and a revolving credit of up to $ 2.5million. Clemens needed to decide quickly whether the proposed terms were attractive, where to position Goldengate in this credit, and whether to offer a counterproposal on terms. Goldengate Capital was a large West Coast financial institution with main activities in commercial lending, asset-based financing, leasing, mezzanine lending, and equity investing. Clemens had worked with Howell on a previous deal, and participated in two other business deals structured by him. These proved to be very profitable deals for Goldengate, so Clemens planned to give this new proposal careful study. NationsBank N.A. was the third largest financial institution in the United States. Calaveras Vineyards . . .


SUMMARY Objective: Increased incidence of relapse has been reported upon switching patients with schizophrenia from brand name to generic clozapine. The cost of treating relapsed patients could offset the reduced drug acquisition cost associated with switching. A decision model was designed to predict the relapse incidence at which switching to generic clozapine is cost-neutral. Research design and methods: A hypothetical cohort of 100 patients with schizophrenia stabilized on brand name clozapine was considered either to remain on the brand name product, or to switch to the generic version. Medication effectiveness data were taken from two reports following patients who underwent generic replacement of clozapine. Direct costs associated with each treatment were projected from a Canadian Ministry of Health perspective, considering drug acquisition and treatment of relapse. Unit costs were derived from published sources. Main outcome measures: Direct costs of the two treatment regimens were compared based on differences in relapse incidence. The difference at which switching to generic clozapine would result in no direct cost saving was determined. Results: Switching a patient to generic clozapine would save Cdn$1241 annually if the patient did not relapse, and would cost Cdn$9823 if the patient relapsed. Assuming an 11% difference in relapse for patients taking brand name and generic clozapine, respectively, switching 100 patients to generic clozapine would save Cdn$24 per patient. If the relapse difference for patients taking generic clozapine is 28%, the switch to the generic medication would cost Cdn$1857 per patient. Switching patients from brand name clozapine to generic clozapine was predicted to be neutral to direct costs when the absolute difference in relapse incidence was 11.2%. Conclusions: Switching to a generic medication may not always reduce direct costs. Physicians, patients and third party payers should consider the potential consequences before instituting generic replacement of clozapine for economic reasons.


We have made preliminary measurements of magnetostriction at the surface (∼5 A) of sputter‐cleaned, amorphous ribbon in uhv (3×10−10 Torr). The value obtained λsurfs≂−14.8×10−6 is nearly four times the magnitude of the bulk saturation magnetostriction λbulks=−3.8×10−6 of this material Co76Cr4B20. The measurement was based on the spin polarization of the true secondary electrons emitted normally from the surface by a grazing incidence, 2 keV primary electron beam illuminating an area of a few mm2. Most of the low energy secondary electrons are believed to come from a depth of less than 0.5 nm. The spin polarization was measured using a thin film, diffuse‐spin‐orbit‐scattering polarimeter. High quality, reproducible polarization vs. field (P–H) loops were obtained after repeated sputter cleaning and annealing in situ. Magnetostriction is determined by λ(H)= ∫H0d(H)dH where d(H)=4π∂M/∂σ]H is the magnetostrictivity, i.e., the stress sensitivity of magnetization at constant field. The latter was measured by be...


The release of toxic methyl isocyanate gas from Union Carbide's Bhopal, India, plant into a highly populated area on Dec. 3, 1984, triggered a worldwide re-evaluation of health and safety procedures for control of hazardous materials. "The Chemical Industry after Bhopal" publishes the papers presented at a symposium held in London in November 1985 that explored various aspects of chemical health and safety from an international viewpoint. The 15 papers represent the thoughts of experts from the U.S., the U.K., and India who explored how the future of the chemical industry and related industries will be influenced by world reaction to Bhopal. The book presents both generalizations and highly specific data. For example, a paper by Ian Smith on pressure relief systems as an integral but often overlooked part of plant design and control is an especially strong starting point for anyone seriously concerned about reassessing plant systems. The book discusses the experiences and safety programs ...


This paper analyzes the communication between Kubernetes nodes and pods in Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). Weexplore the structure and features of GKE networking, including communication between nodes, nodes, and pods, andpods themselves. We also consider the network security and performance aspects. In addition, we analyze commonnetworking issues such as latency, packet loss, and network failures and provide solutions. Through our experimentalresults, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed solutions and offer insights for future research in this area.This paper provides valuable insights for developers and operators who use GKE and want to optimize their networkingconfiguration.


Organizational behavior (OB) instructors often face a dilemma: OB acumen is widely and increasingly regarded as crucial to the ultimate organizational success of their students, yet many instructor...


Regression analysis includes many techniques for modeling and analyzing the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more in- dependent variables. Linear and nonlinear regression models has widely used in many fields of applied science. One of the frequency problems in regres- sion analysis is multicollinearity problem between the explanatory variables. If there is no linear (approximately linear) relationship between the regressors, they are said to be orthogonal. In the case of orthogonal variables, statistical inference on the model is quite reliable. But in real life, fully unbound variables which are explaining the dependent variable are likely to be very low. When the explanatory variables are not orthogonal, then least squares parameter es- timation method will not provide a suitable convergence, and deviations from reality will ocur. For the linear model, many techniques were developed for the multicollinearity problem (Hoerl, AE (1962), Hoerl AE and Kennard RW (1968.1970)), but for nonlinear models there has not been any conclusive work yet. In this study, multicollinearity in nonlinear models will be analyzed and a remedy for the problem will be given.


THE BEHAVIOR OF ACCOUNTING INCOME TIME-SERIES is of considerable interest to researchers in accounting, finance, and related disciplines. For example, the properties of accounting income time-series are directly related to accounting questions of management manipulation of accounting income and interim reporting. However, increased knowledge of income time-series behavior will be of most benefit to the extent that it contributes to the improvement of models in finance and improvement of the quality of accounting income numbers that are variables in predictive models [4], [5], [6]. Beaver compiled an impressive list of studies that required assumptions concerning the time-series behavior of accounting income or used accounting income as a predictive variable. The studies included in the Beaver list related to: valuation models of the firm, valuation of firm securities, dividend policies, earnings growth rate forecasts, evaluation of the informational content of accounting numbers, forecasting the failure of firms, and industrial concentration and accounting rates of return [6, p. 64]. Most previous research provided convincing evidence that income changes are independent [1], [2], [8], [18], [19]. Without exception, these studies have examined the total sample of time series selected for study. However, earlier work by Brooks and Buckmaster [9], [12] and Beaver [6] suggests that some subsets of series that are homogeneous with respect to configuration behave in a different manner than other income time-series. Specifically, the results of these studies suggested that series containing what appear to be non-systematic disturbances or shocks have special characteristics. These characteristics are obscured by the averaging process when the sample is not stratified. Strong evidence has been provided by Ball and Watts [2] that income time-series follow a submartingale or some similar process. This present study identifies systematic conditions where income time-series do not follow a submartingale process. This has substantial impact on conclusions stated in previous studies concerning firm survival, effectiveness of income manipulation, and efficient market pricing. The tests and results presented in this study are exploratory and descriptive. Thus, they are intended only as an incremental step towards the development of a general theory of income time-series behavior. The approach used in this study was to stratify the sample according to distance of a given observation from an operationally defined normal income for each company. Iterative procedures were then used to determine the best exponential smoothing model and smoothing constant (a) for each stratum. This procedure was performed for each of three separate stratification rules. The outcome of our tests


Immunity and Survival: Keys to Immune System HealthSylvia S. Greenberg New York, Human Sciences Press, Inc.,1989 176 pp., £19.95 (hardback) AIDS and intravenous drug useJames A. Inciardi (Ed)American Behavioral Scientist (March/April)Sage Publications Ltd, 1990 107 pp., £l5.00 Homosexuality and the FamilyFredrick W. Bozett (Ed)New York & London, The Howarth Press,1989 204 pp. AIDS-Alternative approaches to the understanding and treatment of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome based on anthroposophical medicineArie Bos Stroud, Hawthorn Press 92 PP. AIDS-A Moral Issue. The Ethical,Legal and Social AspectsBrenda Almond (Ed)London, The Macmillan Press, 1990 186 pp., E35 hard back, £14.99 paper back The Medical Management of AIDSMerle A. Sande & Paul A. Voldberding(Eds)Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders,456 pp., £30.00 (hardback).


The use of optical frequency combs (FC) for high precision measurements is limited by fluctuations of the comb structure [1]. The FC fluctuations can be modelled as uncoupled noise modes associated with a few global parameters namely power, central wavelength, carrier-envelope offset (CEO) phase, repetition rate, dispersion [2, 3]. However, the correlations between phase and amplitude noises, which play an important role to determine the comb stability, have never been described in terms of these noise modes. In this study, we present a new scheme to measure both phase and amplitude noises simultaneously, and provide a modal description of their correlations to unveil the underlying physical mechanisms.


Objective:  This study assesses the accuracy of published quantitative and qualitative criteria in the Bethesda System (TBS) for squamous intra‐epithelial lesions.


An evaluation of [3'-(2-aminoethyl)-2-biphenyl]propionic acid (1) and 2-amino-3'-biphenylcarboxylic acid (2) as β-sheet nucleators was accomplished by incorporating these residues into water soluble peptides. Residue 1 was designed to replace the backbone of the i + 1 and i + 2 residues of a β-turn and reverse the polypeptide chain direction via a hydrogen-bonded hydrophobic cluster to initiate β-hairpin folding. An NMR structural evaluation of heptapeptides incorporating 1 revealed the presence of a hydrophobic cluster involving an aromatic ring of 1 and a side chain of one of the flanking hydrophobic α-amino acids, even though the peptides lack sufficient length to adopt a β-sheet structure. The flanking α-amino acid residues in these peptides exhibit significantly slower amide proton/deuterium exchange rates, indicating that they are intramolecularly hydrogen bonded in aqueous solution. In appropriate tridecapeptides, the hydrogen-bonded hydrophobic cluster nucleates the formation of a β-hairpin struct...


Research on Lebak (fresh water) convered 100 hectars that has been conducted at Tanjung Alai, Ogan Komering Ilir district South Sumatera. This research consist of land characteristics, type and properties of Lebak, particularly zonification of Lebak type, length and hight of flooding which determined Lebak zone, fluctuation of flooding, crop scheduling of rice and soybean. Main problem of Lebak were hight flooding in the wet season and drought in the dry season on the long flooding condition it do not able to be planted cash crops. Result showed that research site can be divided into 3 type of Lebak; first, shallow Lebak has average hight flooding –97 cm to 55 cm, length flooding period 5 months and time schedule of planting since January up to May and June until Oktober; second, medium Lebak has average hight flooding – 50 cm to 100 cm, 9 months flooding period, and time schedule of planting since February up to June and Juli until November; third, deep Lebak has average hight flooding –32 cm up to 140 cm, 10 months flooding period and time schedule of planting since Januari up to June and Juli until November.


A Heisenberg ferromagnet (F) with spin S=1/2, found in a spin-liquid (SL) state at temperatures above the Curie point τC, is considered. In this spin-liquid state there is no long-range magnetic order but the short-range order is preserved, and the spin correlation functions are isotropic. The spin liquid is described in the framework of a second-order theory by the method of temperature Green functions. The main thermodynamic characteristics of the spin liquid are found as the result of a self-consistent numerical solution of a system of three integral equations. The Curie point τC+, at which the dc magnetic susceptibility at wave vector q=0 diverges, is determined. A comparison of the thermodynamic characteristics of the system in the F state (τ⩽τC, spin-wave theory) and in the SL state (τ⩾τC+) is made. It is shown that τC+>τC, and a modification of spin-wave theory in which τC reaches the value τC+ is indicated. At the point of the F-SL phase transition the spin correlation functions suffer a finite di...


The training of students' English writing skills is a vital part in English teaching and learning,while syntactic feature plays an important role in all the features used to measure the quality of compositions.This study takes the compositions of the English majors in Grade Two at our college as samples and compares the syntactic features of the compositions written by different English proficiency groups of students,analyzes the differences in syntactic features between compositions of those students and those of the native speakers,tests the effect of instructional interference on students' written language,and identifies the problems,also gives suggestions on the corresponding solutions.


Methods: A retrospective analysis of 100 consecutive KPIF head and neck reconstructions was undertaken based on prospectively collected data in the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre database from September 2008 to January 2011. A minimum follow up of 6 months was mandatory and defect size, location, pathology and  ap complications were collated along with patient demographics and comorbidities data. A subset of 20 consecutive  aps had their health costs calculated and were compared with 10 consecutive fasciocutaneous free  ap cases.


Summary Endogenous serum pyrogen from rabbits produced fever in dogs and vice versa. Pyrogenicity of EP in the homologous species was dose related, but this was not the case in the heterologous species. Human serum obtained from patients both during fever and after defervescence produced fever in rabbits. These results suggest that pyrogenicity of EP in animals of different species is probably a non-specific phenomenon.


A delay in the transition to parenthood is common to all European countries, but Mediterranean and North European young people follow different pathways of transition to adulthood, which are described in the article. Since 2003, we have conducted four social inquiries in Italian urban contexts involving male and female young people with and without children and the article is therefore focused on Italy. The principal purpose of this research programme is to interpret the determinants of the Italian phenomenon of delaying the birth of the first child. The interpretative axes for conceptualizing the problem are intergender and intergenerational comparisons. In particular, the results of these inquiries indicate that in Italy the delay of the parenthood transition is linked to the policy-makers' 'delay' in realizing that the decision to postpone having children is not strongly linked to any 'crisis of family values'. The real problem is that since the beginning of the twentieth century, the present younger generation is the first to suffer from a general decrease in social opportunities as compared with the previous one. The mechanism is illustrated by Bourdieu: the new generation's members continue to form their life expectations on the basis of their parents' situations without considering the changes in conditions (e.g. inflation of study titles) that restrict their access to social resources. According to our results, the delay in the assumption of the parental role is an unintentional effect of a set of intentional actions aimed at creating and consolidating life conditions supporting self-realization. 'Delayers' continually try to resist the distressing sensations of precariousness, instability, vulnerability and uncertainty recognized by influential sociologists as distinctive features of contemporary life. Consequently, the delay in the family-building process takes on an active connotation: the attempt is to fill the gap in life chances related to gender and generational memberships. The last part of the article is dedicated to a comparison of European countries' social policies in support of parenthood.


ABSTRACT Through a case study of the publican and brandy merchant, James Ashley (c. 1698–1776), this article considers the extent to which publicans were able to manipulate contemporary attitudes towards the retailing of punch in eighteenth-century London. From a survey of 571 advertisements and notices printed between 1730 and 1790, it argues that punch-house-keepers used advertisements to not only elevate the reputation of themselves and their product, but as a novel method of communication, standardising their retailing practices in the process. As the proprietor of London's most influential punch-house, James Ashley was at the forefront of this development.


A methodology for the application of structural optimization to find the optimal layouts of fiber composite blades used on the multibody model of a wind turbine is presented. The VABS (the Variational Asymptotic Beam Section analysis) methodology is used to compute the Timoshenko-like stiffness associated with the blade sectional properties. The gravity and the inertia effects are taking in account as well as the aerodynamic force, which are calculated by the aerodynamic coefficients and transferred automatically to the corresponding finite element nodes. The goal of the optimization process is to improve the twist-flap coupling and, simultaneously, to fulfill a set of multidisciplinary constraints. Considering this requirements, the optimal values for the fiber orientation of the composite spar of the blade must be determined. These methodologies rely on the efficient and accurate calculation of the system sensitivities to support the optimization algorithms. In this work a general formulation for the computation of the first order analytical sensitivities based on the direct method is used. The direct method for sensitivity calculation is obtained by differentiating the equations defining the response of the structure with respect the design variables. The equations of motion and sensitivities of the flexible multibody system are solved simultaneously and therefore the accelerations and velocities of the system and the sensitivities of the accelerations and of the velocities are integrated in time using a multi-step multi-order integration algorithm.


The occurrence of internal browning (IB) was more frequent in sublimed sulfur applications at the levels of 0 and/or 10 g·m−2; however, an increase in the severity of IB symptoms was not nearly so marked when sublimed sulfur was applied, approximately at the level of 30 g·m−2. The activities of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) became low in proportion to the increasing application of sublimed sulfur from 0 to 30 g·m−2. Conversely, a pronounced increase in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and glutathione reductase (GSHR) activities were detected with a larger amount of this element. These observations suggest that the application of sublimed sulfur resulted in an increase in H2O2 decomposing capacity via the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, so that IB symptoms seldom intensified because of inactivation of the peroxide detoxifying pathway derived from PPO.


We observe dramatic changes in the near-field and far-field emission from a semiconductor microcavity excited by a pulsed and nonresonant optical pump with varying power. Above a threshold pumping power, light is emitted by a single quantum state lying at the bottom of the lower exciton-polariton band. Its intensity increases exponentially with the pump power and its linewidth becomes narrower than the cavity mode width. Near-field spectroscopy shows that the stimulated emission comes from several bright spots in the cavity plane, but no diffraction-induced angular broadening of the emission is observed. This is direct evidence for spontaneous formation of a nonequilibrium Bose condensate of coherent exciton polaritons with their wave function sharply peaked at structural imperfections.


The aim of this article is to explore understandings of Jewish philosophy. According to Daniel H. Frank, Jewish philosophy is an academic discipline invented in the nineteenth century by scholars intent on gaining a foothold of academic respectability. Once the category Jewish philosophy was created by the German Wissenschaft des Judentums it was associated with general philosophy in order to include certain thinkers and exclude others. The author defines two criteria on what can be defined as Jewish philosophy. The author claims that Jewish in Jewish philosophy is in some reasonable way, 1) the identity of the philosopher and 2) the theme or the subject of his or her philosophy. We can speak of Jewish philosophy without thinking about it as a subdivision of general philosophy. It is then what Jewish philosophers do when they make Jewish tradition or Jewish questions their subject matter.


Summary
The liver was found to be the primary site of infection for Echinococcus alveolaris; however, lung, kidney, spleen, pancreas and alimentary canal were also found to be affected. The acute cellular reaction caused by the infection and the pathological changes produced in the different organs are also described in detail. Perivascular infiltration with mononuclear cells was found to be characteristic of this infection and was observed in liver, lung and kidney. The chief characteristic of the larval stage of E. alveolaris is the type of lesion, which behaves very much like an infiltrating neoplasm.


Purpose. Due to the constant increase of aluminum alloys production and their scrap and waste accumulation there is the world problem of aluminum alloys production on the secondary raw materials base. The main secondary aluminum alloys shortcoming are the low technological and mechanical properties, which can be improved by refining processes and melt modification. Metodology . Optical microscopy, standard and special investigation methods application for mechanical and technological properties determination (fluidity, linear shrinkage, metal cast porosity). Findings . The influence of refining-modifying complexes on the structure and properties of secondary alloys AK9M2 and AK8M3 is studied. It's found that an application of flux and modifier protected by Ukraine patents № 31862 «Aluminum alloys treatment flux» and № 32929 «Aluminum alloys modifier», can increase the easting level foundry and mechanical properties of secondary aluminum alloys. Originality. The resulting new concentration dependences describing the joint effect of the number of chips in the charge, the iron content in the alloy additives and modifiers for casting and mechanical properties of the secondary silumina AK9M2 allowed to optimize the refining process, modify and improve the processing and mechanical properties of the alloy. Practical value. It has been established that secondary silumin foundry and the mechanical properties increase may result in two-stage treatment of the molten metal with flux by Ukraine patent № 31862 «Aluminum alloys treatment flux» in the furnace and with modifier by the patent № 32929 «Aluminum alloys modifier» in the ladle. Two-stage process produces high metal quality, using 100% of recycled materials charge.


This paper expounds the transformation method that uses outside data exchange mode to realize exchange between JX4A vector data format and text data format by using VB 6.0 programming. The method is successfully used into practical production, and may be as a reference scheme for any similar engineering.


In a laboratory study of the performance of residential air-to-air heat exchangers during operation with freezing and periodic defrosts, freezing caused the temperature efficiency of a cross-flow heat exchanger to decrease at a rate ranging from 1.5 to 13.2 percentage points per hour. Much smaller rates of decrease in temperature efficiency, 0.6 to 2.0 percentage points per hour, occurred during tests with a counterflow heat exchanger. The rate of decrease in efficiency depended on the airstream temperatures and humidities and the duration of the period of freezing. The amount of time required to defrost the heat exchanger's core was 6 to 26% of the total operating time. The average temperature efficiency for freeze-defrost cycles ranged from 48 to 64% in tests of the cross-flow exchanger and 70 to 82% in tests of the counterflow exchanger. When the frequency and duration of defrosts were nearly optimal, approximately a 10 to 15 percentage point decrease in average temperature efficiency was attributed to the freezing and required defrosts. The results suggested that the rate of performance deterioration due to freezing can be reduced by avoiding small airflow passages that can easily be plugged with ice and by designing the exchanger so that condensedmore » water does not drain toward the cold regions of the core. Based on this investigation, suggestions are made for future experimental studies of freezing and for improved control of freeze-protection systems. 1 reference, 8 figures, 2 tables.« less


To achieve full use of dispersion curve of periodic structures, the region near stop-band is studied, which is not treated as a useful region for traditional VEDs in the dispersion space of SWS. 2π band-edge of a folded waveguide SWS was firstly exploited instead of 4π. Based on beam-wave interaction simulation by PIC code, a PPMfocused W-band 2π band-edge oscillator has been demonstrated successfully. The experimental prototype reaches maximum output power of 130W and the oscillator frequency of 96. 7GHz with the voltage of 20kV and the current of 150mA in a compact length of 200mm.


Chariots of Fire is examined both as a chronicle of the 1920s, in which it is set, and an allegory for the period in which it was released, the early 1980s. The film unfolds amid a culture of individualism in which British patriotism, while strong, is both conditional and instrumental. Class inequalities are deep, unemployment is growing steeply and industrial conflict is widespread. Victorian values are changing and the end of British Empire is approaching. The film records the intersecting paths of two athletes, Harold Abrahams and Eric Liddell, as they prepare for the Paris Olympic Games of 1924. Both are, in different ways, marginal: Abrahams, a Jew, is challenged by anti‐Semitism; Liddell, the son of a missionary, is a steadfast Christian and runs because he believes he is fulfilling God's purpose. The two dominant themes of the film – masculinity and anti‐Semitism – are addressed. Abrahams, with his singular mentality and professional coach, is seen to prefigure later developments in sport. The context of the film's release is also considered: the enterprise culture encouraged by the British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher rewarded the kind of dogged, individualistic enterprise exhibited by Abrahams and Liddell and supported the film's patriotic motifs, especially during the Falklands War of 1982. While based on actual historical characters and events, the film is most productively accepted as a figurative reconstruction that has resonance in the late rather than early twentieth century.


The influence of geometric parameters on behavior and stiffness of sandwich plates with corrugated core is considered in this paper. The following parameters were analyzed: ratio of core sheet and facing sheet thickness and the ratio of the core's pitch to the core's depth, as well as the corrugation angle. It is shown that changes of these parameters can contribute to increase or decrease of the corrugated sandwich plate stiffness.


The energies, gamma-ray branching ratios, and mean nuclear lifetimes of the six lowest lying levels in 35Cl have been measured. Gamma rays following the reaction 32S(α,pγ)35Cl were studied using tw...


The invention relates to the technical field of drum set accessories and particularly discloses a practice device for a bass drum and snare drums in a drum set. The practice device comprises a first snare drum, a second snare drum, the bass drum, a stand, a first vibration sensor module, a second vibration sensor, a third vibration sensor module, an intelligent module, a sound module and a display module. The practice device for the bass drum and the snare drums in the drum set has the advantages that 1, the design is reasonable, a learner can find self shortness and make corresponding adjustment, and the financial cost investment expense of the user is lowered; 2, the structure is simple, the processing is convenient, and the production cost investment of an enterprise is lowered. Meanwhile, the practice device has the characteristics of low production cost, easiness in maintenance, convenience in use and easiness in popularization.


To evaluate the efficacy of a municipality‐led walking program under the Japanese public Long‐Term Care Insurance Act to prevent mental decline.


Integrated quantum light sources in photonic circuits are envisaged as the building blocks of future on-chip architectures for quantum logic operations. While semiconductor quantum dots have been proven to be the highly efficient emitters of quantum light, their interaction with the host material induces spectral decoherence, which decreases the indistinguishability of the emitted photons and limits their functionality. Here, we show that the indistinguishability of in-plane photons can be greatly enhanced by performing resonance fluorescence on a quantum dot coupled to a photonic crystal waveguide. We find that the resonant optical excitation of an exciton state induces an increase in the emitted single-photon coherence by a factor of 15. Two-photon interference experiments reveal a visibility of 0.80 ± 0.03, which is in good agreement with our theoretical model. Combined with the high in-plane light-injection efficiency of photonic crystal waveguides, our results pave the way for the use of this system for the on-chip generation and transmission of highly indistinguishable photons.


<italic>Goal:</italic> The countermovement jump (CMJ) is commonly used to measure lower-body explosive power. This study evaluates how accurately markerless motion capture (MMC) with a single smartphone can measure bilateral and unilateral CMJ jump height. <italic>Methods:</italic> First, three repetitions each of bilateral and unilateral CMJ were performed by sixteen healthy adults (mean age: 30.87 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm$</tex-math></inline-formula> 7.24 years; mean BMI: 23.14 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm$</tex-math></inline-formula> 2.55 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{kg/m}^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) on force plates and simultaneously captured using optical motion capture (OMC) and one smartphone camera. Next, MMC was performed on the smartphone videos using OpenPose. Then, we evaluated MMC in quantifying jump height using the force plate and OMC as ground truths. <italic>Results:</italic> MMC quantifies jump heights with ICC between 0.84 and 0.99 without manual segmentation and camera calibration. <italic>Conclusions:</italic> Our results suggest that using a single smartphone for markerless motion capture is promising.


The first chiral interstellar organic molecule, propylene oxide (CH3CHCH2O), was detected recently toward the galactic center. Accurate determination of its abundance relies on the knowledge of collisional cross sections. We investigate here the rotational excitation of propylene oxide induced by collisions with helium. The calculations are based on a three-dimensional CH3CHCH2O–He potential energy surface computed using the explicitly correlated coupled-cluster theory extended to the complete basis set limit [CCSD(T)-F12b/CBS]. The interaction energies are fitted using an interpolating moving least squares method, and this potential is refitted using a partial wave expansion based on spherical harmonics. Rotational cross sections are obtained at the quantum close-coupling level for a collision energy of 10 cm–1. Convergence issues and collisional propensity rules are discussed.


We prove the partial Hölder continuity for minimizers of quasiconvex functionals F(u) : = ˆ Ω f(x,u, Du) dx, where f satisfies a uniform VMO condition with respect to the x-variable and is continuous with respect to u. The growth condition with respect to the gradient variable is assumed a general one. MSC (2010): 35J47, 46E35, 49N60


Plasma membrane integrity is paramount to cell viability. The separation between the extraand intracellular environment is established by the plasma membrane and the plethora of proteins embedded within it. Nutrients that are unable to freely diffuse across the plasma membrane must be transported. Transportation is a highly regulated process. The proteins that facilitate nutrient transport, plasma membrane nutrient transporters, are multispanning integral membrane proteins, which utilize the energy of ion gradients to transport nutrients into the cell. Metabolic demands of the cell regulate the abundance of plasma membrane nutrient transporters by influencing new protein synthesis or protein degradation. Appropriate downregulation and vacuole degradation of plasma membrane nutrient transporters is imperative to maintain cellular homeostasis. Downregulation of nutrient transporters has been observed both on a global, cellwide scale, targeting many different transporters congruently, and on a proteinspecific basis, resulting in a single transporter's downregulation. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, downregulation is facilitated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Rsp5. For specific downregulation of a nutrient transporter to occur, Rsp5 must recognize the correct substrate before ubiquitin conjugation. How this is achieved is an open question in the field. Identification and subsequent downregulation of damaged cell surface nutrient transporters require Rsp5 to properly distinguish between a damaged and nondamaged protein. It has been observed that Fur4, the high affinity uracil transporter, is efficiently downregulated in response to both peroxide and heat stress, but the underlying mechanism was unknown. Utilizing the crystal structure of Mhp1, a bacterial homolog of Fur4, an intrinsic protein-fold sensing domain was identified and termed the Loop Interaction Domain (LID). Through extensive mutational analysis, it was discovered that the LID of Fur4 functions as a built-in chaperone: The LID directly relays the folded status of Fur4 to the ubiquitin machinery of the cell by exposure or sequestration of a degron. The data presented here resulted with the discovery of the LID-degron mode of degradation, which is a conformational model explaining both quality control and substrate-dependent downregulation and how Rsp5 is able to identify specific substrates.


The dielectric properties of a MWNT/epoxy composite have been studied by impedance spectroscopy. The results were very attractive and showed that the addition of a small amount of MWNTs allows increasing the permittivity of the resin by many orders of magnitude. The insulator-to-conductor transition, which occurred when a few wt% of MWNTs was added to the matrix, is related to a percolation phenomenon with non-universal critical exponent. Two types of MWNTs treatment have been compared and the results demonstrate that MWNTs should be used in as-prepared state. The treatment alters their morphology, the aspect ratio can be reduced by a factor of 10, leading to a modification of the shape of the insulator-to-conductor transition curve and a decrease of the global improvement.


photocopy beyond the limits of US copyright law for private use of patrons those articles in this volume that carry a code at the bottom of the first page provided that the per-copy fee indicated in the code is paid through the The papers in this book comprise the proceedings of the meeting mentioned on the cover and title page. They reflect the authors' opinions and, in the interests of timely dissemination, are published as presented and without change.


Digital image processing techniques were used for mapping structural features using a medium resolution image (ETM+) from Landsat 7. The aim of this study is to utilize remote sensed data and digital image processing techniques for updating the structural map in the north eastern part of the Dead Sea (Ma'in area), Jordan. The study area is becoming an important target for geological survey activities, mineral exploration and industrial investment. This area was chosen for conducting a study based on satellite imagery interpretation of Landsat Thematic Mapper (ETM+). A special attention has been given in this study to the textural analysis techniques and the methods of image enhancements of Landsat (ETM+) images. As a result, a new lineament map was produced that represents the subsurface geological features and structures using visual interpretation and digital image processing by utilizing different enhancement techniques. A map showing the old structural features at a sub-regional scale has been produced together with a map showing the new structural features as interpreted from Thematic Mapper images.


ABSTRACT MultiLayer perceptron (MLP)-based neural model for an efficient 1D DoA estimation of highly correlated stochastic EM sources is proposed. Model extracts this information from a spatial correlation matrix obtained by sampling stochastic signals by a receiving antenna array. Algorithm for optimal selection of correlation matrix elements from the upper triangle of the matrix is suggested to reduce the number of antenna array elements needed to obtain an accurate neural model with relatively simple architecture. This approach is verified by determining the azimuth position of two sources with the mutual correlation in the range [0.8–0.95] using antenna arrays with different number of elements.


The brain tumor (BT) has turn into a chief hazard to life in many humans. With the advances in medicine and technology, early tumor detection may pay a way for treating it in an early phase and thereby reducing the death rates. MRI imaging has a significant role in imaging the BT. Neurologist base the treatment of BT on the type, location, and also size of the tumor and hence proper segmentation of the tumor region has become essential. Here, an efficient segmentation algorithm is proposed, is centered on using the Sobel edge detection mechanism and the classification of the tumor region centered on the features extorted as of the segmented images are performed. The brain MRI images from a database which contain normal and also abnormal cases. These images are stripped from the skull by utilizing the morphological operations like morphological opening along with closing. Following this, segmentation is executed and finally, features are extorted as well presented to the classifier where the classification is executed. The segmentations algorithm is estimated and also the outcome are contrasted to the other prevailing algorithms say Kmeans and SVM (Support Vectors Machine) and the classification algorithm is weighted against that of the existent classification algorithm like PNN (probabilistic neural network) and ANN (Artificial Neural Network). Thus the proposed algorithms are confirmed to be superior to the other algorithms used in BT segmentations and classification.


This paper presents a ground moving target tracking filter and guidance using a team of UAVs. To improve the estimation accuracy, approximated road-map information using constant curvature segments is utilised with a constrained filtering. Furthermore, the decentralised extended information filter and the Kalman consensus algorithm are applied to a standoff orbit tracking problem along with coordinated vector field guidance, and their performances are analysed depending on the communication noises and network structures using a realistic car trajectory data.


The complex nature of uncertainty propagation in aeroservoelastic systems, which are inherently multidisciplinary, makes Monte Carlo simulation methods desirable tools for statistical analysis. With the growing efficiency of analysis methods, coupled with growing computing power, such Monte Carlo methods, which were computationally impractical in the past, can now be used to simulate real flight vehicles at industry level of complexity and accuracy and allow statistical analysis of aeroservoelastic behavior on a scope and with depth not possible before. This paper describes the development of a new, fully integrated computational capability for Monte Carlo simulations of uncertain aeroservoelastic systems and presents results that add important insights regarding their reliability and overall uncertainty. The new capability allows selection of uncertain variables at all levels of modeling in all disciplines involved. As an important example, the focus of the work described here is the sensitivity to uncer...


AIMS AND OBJECTIVE : A study to assess body mass index and recommended dietary allowance in pre adulthood studying in a selected nursing college vadodara.1.Determine the body mass index and recommended daily allowance in pre adulthood studying in a selected nursing college.2.Co-relate the body mass index with recommended daily allowance of pre adulthood.3Find out association between body mass index and selected demographic variables in pre adulthood studying in a selected nursing college. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY BMI =body mass index was originally framed by Adolphe Quetelet, a Belgium mathematician and scientist, between 1830 and 1850 .Adolphe was the 􀃶rst person to think of reliable, it is only one tool that physicians use in evaluating a person's health status. . then the categorize that person as under weight, normal weight, over weight, or obese on that value. We can 􀃶nd the BMI by using the formula : BMI=WEIGHT in kg/ HEIGHT in cm2. The food and nutrition board subsequently revised the RDAs every 􀃶ve to ten years. in the early 1950s. USDA nutritionists made a new set of guidance that also included the number of servings of each food group to make it easier for people to receive their RDAs of each nutrient. In 1997, at the suggestion of the institute of medicine of the national academy, RDA become one part of a broader set of dietary charts and guideline. METHODOLOGY Co-relation research approach was used in the study to assess the BMI & RDA in pre adulthood students .the investigator adopted non probability convenience sampling technique. sample size was 130 pre adulthood nursing students. RESULT: The analysis carried out in demographic variables majority 􀃶ndings the female 87.69 %, vegetarian diet 61.54%, income 20000 above 51..53% and no habit of exercises was 63.08%. it was found there was a correlation between BMI & RDA . The karl persons positive corelation coefficient r = 0.7. then help of the 􀃶sher test found the diet and income was signi􀃶cant at 0.05 level with df=1. And gender and habit of exercises non signi􀃶cant at the level of 0.05 with df =1. Fisher exact test overall no signi􀃶cance. CONCLUSION : The study was assess the BMI & RDA in preadulthood students ,followed by the standardized BMI chart and self modi􀃶ed RDA chart. Sample was done according to inclusion criteria. The result were analyzed by using both descriptive and inferential statistics.


It is well recognized that the impact of subsidization/taxation policies hinges on the market structure to which they apply. We show that different degree of efficiency gain sharply changes the comparisons of optimal subsidy, total outputs and social welfare between mixed and private duopoly. What is more, for an imposition of an optimal subsidy, welfare may increase, decrease, or remain unchanged with privatization, which depends on the level of the cost efficiency gap and the taxation burden. However, it may be possible to raise welfare through privatization as long as the efficiency gain prevails or no excess taxation burden exists. Government sets higher subsidy to stimulate firms' production if the value of cost-differential is assured.


This paper carried out the investigation and research of discipline development with Zhejiang University of Technology (ZUT) as an example to reveal the general rule of discipline growth. The investigation shows that ZUT is in the formation phase for most disciplines, the degree of organization is not high, the ability of social services is not strong and discipline leader training should be strengthened. An analysis of the factors influencing discipline growth has bee made and corresponding building strategies put forward.


Abstract : One of the primary considerations in the design of CX-11230( )/G cable assembly was its shielding effectiveness. The cable assembly is to be used with PCM Multiplex Sets AN/TCC-44 thru -46 to provide 12, 24, and 48-channel cable links in the field army communication system. Inadequate shielding results in loss of PCM pulse transmission due to pickup from external sources, and permits excessive radiation causing interference with nearby communications equipment. Consequently, a method had to be devised to evaluate the various design approaches to determine the adequacy of shielding effectiveness. It was necessary to correlate laboratory data with field data in order for the laboratory data to be used with confidence as a design tool. This report describes a laboratory method, utilizing a 'Triaxial' Shielding Effectiveness Tester, for evaluating the relative shielding effectiveness of various cable designs. (Author)


In recent years,gout has shown upward trend in incidence rate and younger age of onset,so research on gout mechanism and its therapeutic drugs become a focus.The high level of uric acid is the biochemical basis of gout,because uric acid can lead to inflammation and oxidative damage,cause vascular endothelial cells proliferation and its level is useful to predict the kidney damage.This review summarized the progress on most therapeutic drugs,especially that related to xanthine oxidase inhibitor.


The residual stress within the nose of a worn manganese steel railway crossing was investigated. The macroscopic residual stress at the running surface was determined in areas with and without visual faults by laboratory X-rays. To get information about the penetration depth of the residual stress, synchrotron X-ray diffraction was used to map the distribution of local (within grain) residual strains below the running surface. The laboratory X-ray measurements revealed significant compressive stress on the rail running surface. The synchrotron measurements documented that local strains exist through the entire depth investigated. Relations between residual stress, plastic deformation, and crack formation are analysed, leading to a discussion on potentials/limitations of the two experimental methods for investigations of residual stress in large engineering components.


The paper proposes a method for classifying and fast retrieving images which uses boosting metalearning to search for the most salient image features. We use local image keypoints as image features. We construct by boosting a set fuzzy rules describing image feature parameters. The rules constitute a set of weak classifiers voting for the final image class. The method can use various image features, engineered and learned by deep learning methods. We checked the methods on some real-world images.


In this study, a set of optimal state-space descriptions with minimum H ∞-sensitivity to multiplicative controller coefficient variations and a desirable disturbance attenuation level is synthesised for discrete-time linear systems. The first aim is to present a new strategy to evaluate the H ∞-sensitivity of the transfer function to multiplicative controller coefficient variations. The H ∞ norm of the sum of coefficient sensitivity functions is regarded as an H ∞-sensitivity measure. The second contribution is to present less conservative conditions to design low-sensitivity controllers via minimisation of the H ∞-sensitivity measure. In addition, a linear matrix inequality-based algorithm is developed to obtain the controller gain matrices. Finally, two numerical examples which demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method are presented.


The technique of adjustment of a tightness elas-ticdamping element of burnishing tool for maintenance of demanded parametres of a roughness responsible surfaces of details is offered at processing on the turnety-milling centre.


The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between university students' anxiety related to their research and research course achievement, research experience and sex. The participants of the study were 142 third grade students who have been studying educational sciences. Their personal data and research anxiety levels were obtained by application of "the research anxiety scale" whereas the research course achievement levels were obtained from the faculty registrations. Data was analyzed by using stepwise multiple regression analysis, thus it was found that research experience and course achievement were the significant factors of anxiety related to research and that the sex factor was not important.


The importance of the use of L1 in the foreign language teaching has been rolled over decades. It has been a great deal of claims and counter-claims related to L1 use in L2 learning. However, children are rarely used as in-depth research, as opposed to teenager or adults (Cook, 1979 and Paradis, 2006). This study aims to investigate the role of Bahasa Indonesia (L1) in EYL classroom, as well as the perceptions of the teacher and the students towards it in english as a foreign language (EFL). To this end, twenty eight students and a teacher participated in classroom recordings and observations, semi-formal interview, and questionnaire. The results revealed that EYL teacher used Bahasa Indonesia in specific circumstances, such as encouraging the students, explaining vocabulary, giving instruction, and explaining grammatical rule. Moreover, the role played in the class, mostly are pedagogical and psychological role. Additionally, the teacher expressed that they never fall back on learners' L1 in the learning process. Also it was found that EYL students and the teacher believe that L1 was not the main point of the English lesson and played as a tool to help and clarify some context that have been learned.
Keywords: Teacher and students' perceptions, English (L2), Bahasa Indonesia (L1), English for young learner (EYL), English as a foreign language (EFL).


Using survey data from students at three universities, we examine the influence of an Investments Analysis course on student perception of the ideal asset allocation for a retirement portfolio. Consistent with previous studies that examine financial education in the workplace, a critical outcome of university investment education is the apparent alleviation of a conservative bias that is typically prevalent among uninformed investors. This change results in an increasing willingness to take larger stock positions, which produces higher expected returns and larger portfolio betas. Most importantly, however, the net effect is more efficient portfolios, particularly for those students who begin with the most inefficient starting portfolios.


Sawteeth have been suppressed by lower hybrid current drive in high density Alcator C plasmas. At a density of 1.1 × 1014 cm−3 and q(a) = 4.7, the sawteeth were eliminated by application of PRF = 600 kW at 4.6 GHz, which represents an estimated 30% of the radiofrequency (RF) power required to fully sustain the discharge in the absence of Ohmic power. Strong electron heating is observed with both current drive phasing and anti-current drive phasing of the waveguide arrays, but sawtooth stabilization occurs only in the former case. With current drive phasing the sawtooth period increases with RF power until the sawteeth are stabilized, whereas with anti-current drive phasing the period remains unchanged. The internal inductance of the plasma increases in the case of current drive relative to the case of anti-current drive. The disappearance of sawteeth and the increase in internal inductance suggest that the RF current is driven near the q = 1 surface. At high power (PRF > 850 kW), the sawteeth return 40–60 ms into the RF pulse, indicating that an optimal power range, or RF deposition profile, exists for successful sawtooth suppression.


Deviation from optimum percentage (DOP) is a diagnosis methodology for leaf analyses which expresses the deviation for each element with respect to its optimal concentration. This deviation is an individual index for each nutrient and allows the sorting of all the analyzed nutrients according to their limitations. A nutritional survey was undertaken for two years in the major apple growing belts viz. Jubbal-Kotkhai, Karsog, Kalpa, Kotgarh and Naggar areas of Himachal Pradesh (India) to establish DOP reference concentrations for the nutritional diagnosis and to compare them with average of published sufficiency ranges (SR). The concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper and zinc were determined in leaf samplesand nutrient concentration in high yielding subpopulation (>150 kg/tree) were selected as DOP norms. Results suggest that DOP and SR approaches were in close agreement in diagnosing N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu and Zn deficiencies and excesses and DOP reference values, developed in the present study, can be used as diagnostic tool to predict if insufficiencies or imbalances are occurring in apple production areas in the Western Himalayas and indeed elsewhere with similar c1imatic and soil conditions.


Background: School teachers in government schools are contributing in eye screening of students through school health services. The private schools also need to contribute more in these services by raising the knowledge regarding vision, healthy practices for healthy eyes and vision as well as screening of the eyes for refractive errors. The study aims to find the knowledge levels of private school teachers regarding healthy vision practices and eye screening, train the teachers in eye screening and assess the level of improvement in their knowledge after the training.


The effects of different disease grades of eucalyptus dieback on the growth of diameter,height and volume of eucalyptus were analyzed.The result showed that when the disease grades were up to Ⅳ,Ⅲ and Ⅱ,it had significant effects on the growth of diameter,height and volume respectively.According to the relationship between different disease grades and loss rate,the loss rate-estimating models of diameter,height and volume were established with regression analysis.The relative error of the estimation result was 1.32% and the estimation accuracy was 98.68%.In addition,a quantitative estimation of the dieback damage on the eucalyptus plantation in Fujian Province was made with the model,the annual economic loss rate of volume was 23.53%,the annual loss reached $51,800,000.


This study aimed to measure decreasing effects of CO2 Concentration by a ERV filter replacement. Field tests were carried out on the same classroom before and after replacing the ERV filter. Measurement results in air flow rate have shown that the amount of supply and exhaust air has been increased by the filter replacement, consequently decreasing CO2 Concentration. The air supply and the exhaust have increased by 7.6% and 28.7% respectively, and the CO2 Concentration has decreased by 15% in the ceiling and 17% in the living area. Thus, regular filter replacements may help keep the classroom in a comfortable space.


Acceleration of positron beams in plasma-based accelerators is a highly challenging task. To realize a plasma-based linear collider, acceleration of a positron bunch with high-efficiency is required, while maintaining both a low emittance and a subpercent-level energy spread. Recently, a plasma-based positron acceleration scheme was proposed in which a wake suitable for the acceleration and transport of positrons is produced in a plasma column by means of an electron drive beam [Diederichs et al., Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 22, 081301 (2019)PRABCJ2469-988810.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.22.081301]. In this article, we present a study of beam loading for a positron beam in this type of wake. We demonstrate via particle-in-cell simulations that acceleration of high-quality positron beams is possible, and we discuss a possible path to achieve collider-relevant parameters.


Background: Nitric oxide (NO) production from eNOS protects cardiomyocytes from apoptosis after ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Recent studies suggest that exogenously administered endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) preserve cardiac function after myocardial infarction both in animals and humans. This study was performed to test whether EPC-mediated cardioprotection is dependent on EPC eNOS expression. Methods and Results: Eight- to 10-week-old C57BL6 wild-type (WT) mice underwent cardiac IR injury (60 min-LAD occlusion followed by reperfusion). ELISA and FACS analysis revealed an increase in eNOS expression in bone marrow (BM) followed by EPC mobilization after IR. To determine whether upregulation of eNOS in BM is essential for EPC mobilization, we induced IR injury in WT mice transplanted with BM from eNOS-KO mice (WT/KOBM) and in eNOS-KO mice transplanted with WT BM (KO/WTBM). Augmentation of EPC mobilization was observed in KO/WTBM mice, but not in WT/KOBM mice. Notably, a decrease in cardiomyocyt...


Voting is the backbone of democracy and the fundamental right of every citizen. BlockChain based Election is like a boon for every nation through which the election can be conducted digitally, Unlike those old (paper based) and traditional (EVM) voting systems it makes the whole process of election safe, smooth and easy. In this era of Covid-19 this Block chain enabled election is the need of the hour, People can cast votes from their own space just with the help of a mobile phone or a computer, Security would get enhanced and threats like EVM hacking, Chaos at election booth would reduce drastically just by the implementation of this advanced voting system. Personal ID's and unique keys would be provided to each and every eligible voter which can't be tampered at any cost. It has two modules to make the entire project look consolidated and unified. First module is the Election Commission who could be liable for undertaking it, appending concerned everyone competing for the voting attached under blockchain. User end will be the resident's component where every eligible voter can choose a leader according to their separate Constituent sitting and the votes would get registered on the blockchain to make it tamper protected.


This paper aims to examine recent developments in corporate governance codes in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region and evaluate to what extent these changes are in line with the G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2015 Edition. The paper employed an analytical comparative approach, the results show all GCC countries, except Bahrain, have recently updated their CG codes. Bahrain needs to update its current CG code in terms of the rights of both shareholders and stakeholders to be in line with international best practice. Efforts in the GCC region to enhance CG in listed companies should be continued and expanded to cover state-owned enterprises, sovereign wealth funds, and banks. The findings would be useful to the financial managers in the GCC in complying with the recent developments in corporate governance codes and in developing guidelines for appropriate disclosure to improve the reporting quality.


THE SHIFTING, OF THE INCOME-TAX BURDEN. IN January, 1906, an article was published in these columns dealing with -the income-tax burden of the professional classes, and members of the medical profession were urged to use the opportunity afforded by the imminence of a general election to bring their claims prominently before the notice of Parliamentary candidates. We attempted to formulate and to justify the demand of the worker to be taxed at a lower rate than the possessor of an income from invested capital, and, in referring to the subject from time to time, we have consistently maintained the position then taken up. Twelve months ago, in his first financial statement as -Chancellor of the Exchequer, Mr. Asquith admitted that an adj ustment of the income-tax was a necessity, and made the welcome announcement that he had decided to appoint a select committee of the House of Commons to inquire into the practicability of graduating the tax and of differentiating between earned and unearned incomes. Pending the result of this inquiry he'declined to interfere with the incidence of the impost, but he dropped a significant hint as to his own views by stating that not only was a shilling income tax in time of peace impossible to justify, but that the present tax pressed with excessive severity on that class of the community whose incomes ranged from £600 to £2,000 a year. The promised committee was appointed without delay, it got to work at once, andreported in the late autumn. We have already dealt at some length with the report of this Committee, and it is unnecessary to do more than recapitulate briefly the conclusions to which it came. These were: (1) That graduation of the income tax by an extension of the system of abatements on small incomes is practicable; (2) that graduation by means of a super-


With the decrease of mineral resources reserves, the characteristics of "poor, fine and miscellaneous" of mineral resources are becoming more and more obvious. People pay more and more attention to the environmental protection. A simple, green and efficient separation process magnetization flotation has been paid more and more attention by mineral processing workers. Based on the analysis and summary of the development process and advantages of magnetic flotation, the application status of magnetic flotation at home and abroad in the processing of ferrous metal ore, non-ferrous metal ore, rare metal ore, precious metal ore, non-metallic ore, coal, etc. Compared with conventional flotation, it is found that the cost of magnetic flotation is lower than that of conventional flotation. Combining theoretical analysis, computer simulation, experiment and advanced detection methods, the mechanism, influencing factors, process and equipment of magnetic flotation are the development trend in the future.


The Cl‐ channel anoctamin‐1 (ANO1 or TMEM16A) is overexpressed in oral, head, prostate and colon cancer and predicted as a pharmaceutical target or biomarker for distant metastasis. The K2p K+ channel family (e.g. TREKs, TWIKs, and TASKs) is also associated with the pathogenesis of cancer. ANO1 and the K2p channels are involved in regulation of cell migration, cell volume, and apoptosis and might contribute to cancer development through modulating these processes. Here, we aim at determining the roles of ANO1 and K2p channels in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Channel expression levels in 4 human PDAC lines (AsPC‐1, BxPC‐3, PANC‐1, MIAPaCa‐2) were compared to the normal pancreatic ductal epithelial cell line (HPDE*) by qPCR analysis. We found ANO1, TWIK‐1, TREK‐1 and TASK‐3 to be over‐expressed in PDAC cells. Whole‐cell patch‐clamp measurements of ANO1 in AsPC‐1 cells revealed a time‐, voltage‐and temperature dependent Cl‐ current with the instantaneous ICl/V relationship exhibiting GHK‐rectification. ANO1‐like currents were in our experiments not recorded in HPDE cells. We conclude that ANO1 upregulation may be a marker in pancreatic cancer cell lines, however, its function is yet unknown and ongoing studies evaluate the potential roles of ANO1 in PDAC growth and chemotherapy resistance. Financed by FP7 Marie Curie Initial Training Network "IonTraC".


The optical clock distribution has been considered to alleviate limitations due to metallic interconnections for future generation of VLSI. It can be interesting only if it is able to provide some substantial improvement of IC features. The aim of the work reported is the unambiguous comparison in terms of dissipated power between the optical and electrical clock distribution networks.


Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is associated with antibodies to a heat shock puff on drosophila chromosomes. This observation was investigated by immunoblotting using extracts of the Schneider insect cell line and HeLa cells, before and after heat shock. An insect protein of 63 kilodaltons (but no equivalent human protein) was recognised by 21 (46%) of 46 serum samples from patients with AS, one of two patients with Reiter's syndrome, four (7%) of 60 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, and two (4%) of 50 control subjects, but not by serum samples from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previous heat shock did not appear to affect the strength of reaction, but ML-30, a monoclonal antibody to the mycobacterial 65 kilodalton heat shock protein (hsp65), also recognised an insect protein of 63 kilodaltons by immunoblotting. Antibodies to recombinant mycobacterial hsp65 were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum samples from patients with AS and RA. IgA binding to hsp65 was increased in 41% of AS and 19% ofRA serum samples, but there was no correlation with detection of antibody to the insect 63 kilodalton protein. Department of Rheumatology, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom S R Brand J Worthington D P McIntosh R M Bernstein Correspondence to: Dr Bernstein. Accepted for publication 20 May 1991 Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an inflammatory disease of the spine and sometimes the eyes, joints, and other organs. Intestinal carriage of klebsiella, and infection with organisms such as salmonella and yersinia may play a part in triggering the disease, although susceptibility is conferred by the HLA-B27 antigen and preexisting psoriasis, ulcerative colitis, or Crohn's disease.' How the spine and sometimes joints, heart, and lungs become the targets remains uncertain, but sensitised T lymphocytes are thought to mediate damage, possibly reacting against an antigen expressed at the cell surface in association with HLA-B27 itself. Serological autoimmune responses are well known in other inflammatory rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the connective tissue diseases, but antibody responses in AS have received less attention. Increased levels of serum IgA are well recognised in some patients, autoantibodies to HLA-B27 have been reported,2 and antibodies to bacteria have been studied.3 There is one report of a specific antibody response in AS, directed at heat shock puffs of Drosophila melanogaster larvae.4 Heat shock, warming cells a few degrees above their physiological temperature, and various other physical and chemical stresses cause a reduction in the synthesis of many cellular proteins and increased synthesis of the so called heat shock or stress proteins. The heat shock response has been observed in every organism studied from bacteria to humans, and heat shock genes are highly conserved.5 The response is protective overall, and some heat shock proteins act as molecular chaperones maintaining the solubility of immature proteins during the final stages of synthesis and transport.' Synthesis of heat shock proteins is a normal cellular function which is amplified under conditions of physiological stress, perhaps to protect proteins from denaturation. One particular heat shock protein, hsp65, is a dominant antigen in the immune response to microorganisms.' The heat shock phenomenon was first observed as the development of chromosomal puffs in Drosophila melanogaster larvae.8 Using such chromosomes as substrate for immunofluorescence, Lakomek et al4 observed that serum samples from 39% of patients with AS contained an antibody which reacted with heat shock puffs, especially the chromosomal 93D locus. In preliminary experiments we confirmed this finding, but the procedure was technically demanding, difficult to standardise, and in our hands not suitable for the investigation of large numbers of serum samples (Hilton J, Bernstein R M, unpublished data). This report describes our findings with an immunoblotting system for the detection of antibodies to insect proteins. We studied an antibody to a 63 kilodalton protein from insect cells and investigated the cross reactivity with a well characterised mycobacterial heat shock protein of similar molecular weight, hsp65. Materials and methods SOURCE OF SERUM SAMPLES Serum samples were obtained from patients attending the rheumatology department at Manchester Royal Infirmary. Patients with AS (n=46), RA (n=20), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (n=60) fulfilled the appropriate classification criteria."' Serum samples were also obtained from patients with Reiter's syndrome (n=2), polymyositis (n= 3), systemic sclerosis (n=2), and adult Still's disease (n=2). As healthy controls, serum samples were obtained from the Regional Blood Transfusion Service, and three additional serum samples from healthy HLA-B27 positive subjects were obtained from the regional tissue typing laboratory. Thirty of the 46 subjects with AS were tested for HLA-B27, and clinical details 334 group.bmj.com on April 30, 2017 Published by http://ard.bmj.com/ Downloaded from Antibody to a 63 kilodalton insect protein in ankylosing spondylitis 335 obtained by a review of their case notes are shown in the table. Ankylosing spondylitis was considered active when there was a marked early morning exacerbation of back pain and stiffness. The patients with RA were aged 25-70 years; 15 were women, and arthritis was judged by clinical impression to be severe in 15 and active in six patients; 15 were positive for IgM rheumatoid factor.


The pressuremeter test (PMT) and cone penetrometer test (CPT) are becoming popular instruments for subsurface exploration. The PMT is an excellent test to determine the mechanical behavior of the soil and is one of the few geotechnical in situ investigation methods that gives a stress-strain relationship of soil, while the CPT is an excellent in situ test that gives a continuous subsurface profile rapidly. It is common for geotechnical engineers to encounter a zone of unsaturated soil prior to saturated soils below the groundwater table. In the arid regions of the world, the ground water table can be at substantial depth. However, many of the theories and methods of analysis of PMT and CPT are largely based on assumptions appropriate for saturated and dry soils. Over the last couple of decade it has been well accepted that the behavior of unsaturated soil is different from the completely saturated or dry soil. Therefore, there exists a need for methods to interpret PMT and CPT data from unsaturated soil. The focus of this study is to investigate the influence of matric suction (ψ) on PMT and CPT results by conducting miniature pressuremeter (MPMT) and miniature cone penetrometer (MCPT) testing in a calibration chamber with unsaturated Minco Silt soil beds at the University of Oklahoma. Test beds were built to encompass a range of matric suction ranging from 15 kPa to 75 kPa in order to study the influence of ψ on the MPMT and MCPT results. The ψ was determined directly via tensiometers and indirectly by using the soil-water characteristic curve and water content (w) of samples. In addition to ψ, the influence of dry unit weight (γd) of the soil beds on the MPMT and MCPT results were studied. The γd and w of the soil beds were determine by collecting small tube samples throughout the soil beds. The influence of net normal stress (σn) on MPMT results was also examined in this study by compressing the soil beds at three different σn. The MPMT and MCPT results were evaluated using the statistical analysis and cavity expansion equations for unsaturated soils developed by Muraleetharan et al. (1998). The statistical analysis of the test data reveals that the influence of soil processing methods, γd, w, ψ, volumetric water content (θ) and σn on MPMT and MCPT results are significant. Empirical correlations that correlate the parameters with MPMT and MCPT results were also developed. The analysis of the test data with cavity expansion equations for unsaturated soil shows that the volumetric strain of the soil in the zone of influence decreases as matric suction increases. In this study, the cavity expansion analysis revealed that during the expansion of the cavity, the soil within the plastic zone of influence for pre-bored MPMT underwent compression; meanwhile for MCPT the soil underwent dilation.


It is an utterly impossible task to compress into forty-five minutes or so a description of the whole diversity of patterns of ministry which have existed in the different parts of the Christian Church throughout over 1900 years of history, let alone to comment on them and draw out their links with spirituality, even if one limited oneself firmly to the liturgical aspects of ministry alone1• I have, therefore, chosen not to attempt the impossible, but simply to approach the subject from one particular angle, that of the participation of lay people in the liturgical ministry of the Church, and even to do this in a somewhat selective manner so as to bring out its main features. For, as David Power has observed, "the history of the Church has been written mostly as the story of bishops and priests and popes. They are the holders of power, and the story of a society is told in terms of the exercise of power. The story of "other" ministries is usually limited to narrating their subordination to the priesthood" 2 • We have rarely looked at liturgy or ministry from the other end, as it were, and asked, "What was the experience from the perspective of the man or woman in the pew? What did it feel like to be an ordinary Christian in that situation? What was the theology or spirituality which was communicated to them through that experience"? Thus, as a small movement toward redressing the balance in that direction, I have taken the liberty of appending to this paper a subtitle: The wig af lei'" ig Yatrg)}


Three unifloral honeys were identified by the pro - nounced presence of specific compounds by means of sensorial analysis and SPME-GC-MS. Smoky and resinous ('propolis') odors characterized unifloral "quillay" ( Quillaja saponaria) honey. "Coron- tillo" (Escallonia pulverulenta) honey was characterized by caramel and vanillin aromas, and "ulmo" (Eucryphia cordifolia) honey by hav- ing an anise scent with a floral jasmine note. Safranal was a useful marker for "corontillo" honey. Isophorone and cetoisophorone were the distinctive compounds of unifloral "ulmo" honey. In "quillay" honeys, megastigmatrienone, 2-p-hydroxyphenylalcohol and minor quantities of β-pinene and linalool oxide were correlated with their sensory properties such as resinous.


A new experiment to test for the time independence of the fine structure constant, /spl alpha/, is proposed. The experiment is based on a similar proposal at optical frequencies. We propose to utilize orthogonally polarized transverse electric and transverse magnetic whispering gallery modes in a single sapphire resonator tuned to similar frequencies. When configured as a dual mode sapphire clock, we show that the anisotropy of sapphire makes it possible to undertake a sensitive measurement from the beat frequency between the two modes. At infrared frequencies this is possible due to the different effect of the lowest phonon frequency on the two orthogonally polarized modes. At microwave frequencies we show that the phonon effect is too small. We show that the electron spin resonance of paramagnetic impurities (such as Cr/sup 3+/) in the lattice effects only one polarization with an /spl alpha//sup 6/ dependence. This enables an enhancement of the sensitivity to temporal changes in /spl alpha/ at microwave frequencies. In both cases degradation of cavity Q is experienced due to Kramers Kronig relations. The effect on both cases is assessed.


Background to the project The Campaign for Learning (CfL) is an independent charity that aims to stimulate an appetite for learning that will sustain people for life. They define Learning to Learn as 'a process of discovery about learning. It involves a set of principles and skills, which, if understood and used, help learners to learn more effectively and so become learners for life. At its heart is the belief that learning is learnable'. CfL has run a national Learning to Learn research project with schools (including schools with sixth forms) for over eight years developing strategies to improve the learners experience, skills and achievements throughout their learning journey. The CfL were contacted to initiate the inclusion of the Further Education (FE) sector into their research projects. Important developments with younger learners and teaching staff were being established, developments which would definitely be beneficial for FE staff and learners.


The percentage of farms with SCC above 400,000/ml and of farms with a great deal of infected cows were determined in some places of Croatia. The 715 samples were collected in the following areas: Zagorska Sela, surrounding of Kriz, Koprivnica, Daruvar and Zadar in 1995 and 1996. 31,1% of the farms had SCC above 400,000/ml in milk. This shows that one third of the farmes were delivering hygienically unsatisfactory milk. 40% farms had SCC in milk above 300000 cells/ml. That means that a great number of cows had infected udders. including SCC in the payment of raw milk and proper preventive control measures are the only way to improve this situation.