12 kinds of representative Zhimaxiang Baijiu(Sesame-flavor liquor) products were evaluated by using traditional scoring method combined with quantitative description analysis(QDA) method on the basis of liquor sensory term "flavor wheel". The terms applicable to describe sensory characteristics of Zhimaxiang Baijiu(Sesame-flavor liquor) were screened out including 8 aroma description terms, 3 flavor description terms and 5 taste description terms. Correlation analysis revealed that, there were significantly positive correlations between liquor quality score and aroma characteristics such as sesame-flavor, burnt aroma, aging aroma and taste characteristics such as full bodied taste, soft taste, harmonious and clean taste etc., while there were significantly negative correlations between liquor quality score and liquor bitter taste. The aroma styles of Zhimaxiang Baijiu(Sesame-flavor liquor) were distinguished by principal component analysis(PCA), and could be divided into 4 types: pure Zhimaxiang, Zhimaxiang mixed with Nongxiang, Zhimaxiang mixed with Qingxiang, and Zhimaxiang mixed with Jiangxiang. Meanwhile, quality difference of Zhimaxiang Baijiu(Sesame-flavor liquor) of different aroma styles was displayed visually and clearly by flavor profile. Furthermore,Zhimaxiang Baijiu(Sesame-flavor liquor) of 4 different aroma styles with the highest sensory score was chosen to build flavor profiles and visible sensory characteristics standards of typical Zhimaxiang Baijiu(Sesame-flavor liquor). The study proved that QDA was an effective method for the research on sensory characteristics of Chinese liquor and it could provide theoretical and research base for establishing sensory quality standards of liquor products.


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Introduction Instructional coaching has become recognized as having more impact on teacher professional development (PD) than traditional "one-and-done" teacher workshops, particularly in U.S. K-12 settings (e.g., Aguilar, 2013; Knight, 2007). Much of the research on coaching to date has focused on establishing this impact (Kraft, Blazar, & Hogan, 2018), often measured by gains/losses in students' achievement scores on standardized tests (e.g. Elish-Piper & L'Allier, 2011; Shidler, 2009). Other research has focused on the dynamics of coaching support and interaction (e.g. Coburn & Woulfin, 2012; Rainville & Jones, 2008). As valuable as this work has been, there remains a need to develop a greater theoretical understanding of instructional coaching as a force for change within the complex web of classrooms and schools, to say nothing of students' and teachers' lives. In this chapter, drawing on the work of Gilles Deleuze (1925-1995) and Félix Guattari (1930-1992), particularly A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia (1987), we argue for an alternative conception of one-on-one instructional coaching, seeing it as a space of becoming, in which coach and teacher are free to explore and experiment with pedagogical ideas. The data we present are derived from analyses of


Objective:To evaluate the situation of nursing risk and explore its influential factors,and provide basis for nursing risk management.Methods:It was a cross-sectional study with samples of 436 registered nurses from ten general hospitals.Three questionnaires were used to collect information of subjects' demographic characteristics,the knowledge of laws about nursing,and the nurses' compliance to law about nursing.Results:The incidences of nursing risk ranked on the top three were as below:risk related to the drug use was 57.20%,risk associated with intravenous infusion was 19.35% and with the pipe was 12.02% ;Respectively,the related training,score of knowledge about laws,compliance to law influenced nursing risk(p0.05);Ordinal Logistic Regression showed that two factors(score of knowledge about laws,compliance to law)were the predict factors of nursing risk.Conclusion:The related management should enhance the training of nurses about laws and promote nurses' compliance to the law,in that way can we reduce or avoid nursing risk.


In social, behavioral, physical, biological and medical sciences, reliable and accurate measurements serve as basis for evaluation. As new concepts, theories and technologies continue to develop, new scales, methods, tests, and instruments for evaluation become available for measurement. As errors are inherent in every measurement procedure, one needs to ensure that the measurement is reliable and accurate before practical use. The issues related to "reliable and accurate measurement" have evolved over several decades dating back to Fisher (1925): from intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) that measures reliability (Fisher, 1925; Bartko, 1966, Shrout and Fleiss, 1979; Vangeneugden et al., 2004), design of reliability studies (Donner, 1998; Dunn, 2002; Shoukri et al., 2004) to generalizability extending the concept of ICC (Cronback, 1951; Lord and Novick, 1968; Cronback et al., 1972; Brennan, 2001; Vangeneugden et al., 2005); from ISO's (International Organization for Standardization) (1994) guiding principle on accuracy of measurement (ISO 5725-1) to FDA's (Food and drug Administration) guidelines (1999) on bioanalytical method validation (1999), and to various indices to assess the closeness (agreement) of observations (Bland and Altman, 1986, 1995, 1999; Lin, 1989, 2000, 2003; Lin et al., 2002; Shrout, 1998; King and Chinchilli, 2001a; Dunn, 2004; Carrasco and Jover, 2003; Choudhary and Nagaraja, 2004; Barnhart et al., 2002, 2005; Haber and Barnhart, 2006). In the simplest intuitive terms, reliable and accurate measurement may simply mean that the new measurement is the same as the truth or agrees with the truth. Oftentimes, it is not practical to require the new measurement to be identical to the truth either because (1) we are willing to accept a measurement up to some tolerable (or acceptable) error or (2) the truth is simply not available to us because either it is not measurable or it is only possible to measure with some error. To deal with issues related to both (1) and (2), different concepts, methods, or theories have been developed in different disciplines. For continuous measurement, the related concepts are accuracy,


Liquid sulphur-containing hydrocarbon feedstock is passed through two or more hydrodesulfurization zones and connected in a series each containing a packed bed of solid sulfurized catalyst. The liquid is passed from the first zone to the next until the final zone. Make up hy drogen is supplied to a hydrodesulfurization zone (i) other than the first hydrodesulfurization zone; hydro gen-containing gas is recovered from each hydrodesul furization zone. The first hydrodesulfurization zone is supplied with hydrogen-containing gas recovered from a subsequent hydrodesulfurization zone. Hydrogen containing gas recovered from the first hydrodesulfuri zation zone is purged. Liquid material recovered from the first hydrodesulfurization zone is recycled to the inlet of the hydrosulfurization zone so as to provide diluent for admixture with liquid feedstock. Any other hydrodesulfurization zone other than the first hydrode sulfurization zone and other than the hydrodesulfuriza tion zone of step (i) is supplied with hydrogen-contain ing gas recovered from another hydrodesulfurization zone. The sulfur content of the hydrogen-containing gas and of the liquid hydrocarbon feedstock supplied to the first hydrodesulfurization zone is monitored and, if necessary, sulfur-containing material selected from hy drogen sulfide and active sulfur-containing materials is supplied to the first hydrodesulfurization zone so as to maintain the catalyst charge thereof in sulfided form.


Traffic safety is a severe problem around the world. Many road accidents are normally related with the driver's unsafe driving behavior, e.g. eating while driving. In this work, we propose a vision-based solution to recognize the driver's behavior based on convolutional neural networks. Specifically, given an image, skin-like regions are extracted by Gaussian Mixture Model, which are passed to a deep convolutional neural networks model, namely R*CNN, to generate action labels. The skin-like regions are able to provide abundant semantic information with sufficient discriminative capability. Also, R*CNN is able to select the most informative regions from candidates to facilitate the final action recognition. We tested the proposed methods on Southeast University Driving-posture Dataset and achieve mean Average Precision(mAP) of 97.76% on the dataset which prove the proposed method is effective in drivers's action recognition.


Introduction. The international activities of megacities in current circumstances are undergoing significant transformations, and new phenomena are emerging that require updating research approaches, clarifying and supplementing the terminology database. The purpose of the article is to explore various types of global cities, based on leading research concepts, to identify the presence of an interconnected system of the genesis of these categories, highlight key features and determine universal criteria for classifying megacities as one or another type of global city, clarify or define key concepts that characterize this object of study.

Materials and Methods. As research materials, current works of leading domestic and foreign researchers, as well as data from leading rating agencies and analytical centers in the field of urban studies and urban planning have been used. Methodological basis is made up of a system approach, structural-functional analysis, and an inductive method, which made it possible to reveal the structure of the transnational urban system, to explore the main factors, to determine the general trends and patterns of this object of study.

Results. The analysis of the main research concepts of global cities, including "the world city", "the global city", "the international city", "the global information city", has been carried out, the criteria and features for distinguishing these categories have been proposed, the genesis models and the principles for determining the actual composition of these categories of cities have been studied. The following terms have been clarified or defined. A conceptual framework for the genesis of global cities has been proposed.

Discussion and Conclusion. The study revealed that international power centers form a transnational urban network, the nodes of which are urban centers, while global economy, represented by advanced service and manufacturing companies, acts as links. The article is useful to researchers of scientific issues of international activities of subnational territorial units, and can also be used by the relevant central or regional authorities in developing directions or concepts for the development of urban centers as international centers of influence.


Ultrasonography has been recognized as an important diagnostic modality in medicine and has entered the area of clinical dermatology. Its non-invasive characteristics have made it easily use and completely safe. It provides important diagnostic information in evaluating skin tumors. It also outlines the subcutaneous lesions and their relation to its adjacent tissue. Another ultrasound technique is color Doppler which is useful to assess vascularization of skin lesion. In this article, we would like to report ultrasound imaging in some selected cases from our institution. (Med J Indones 2007; 16:113-6)


Taking oil beans in Heilongjiang province as material,the disease was isolated and identificated,and the inhibitory effect of O3,pressure,chitosan and 1-MCP on mycelia growth were studied.The results showed that main pathogens were wild rapeseed yellow aeromonas and bean gray mold pathogen.Bean gray mold could grow well in the neutral and alkaline conditions and were highly sensitive to alkali and acidic environment.Yellow aeromonas grew well in a neutral environment,partial acid or alkali conditions would have the inhibition to the bacteria.The inhibitory action of chitosan on yellow aeromonas and gray mold was conspicuous,and the effect was good when chitosan concentration for 2.0%.The effect of sterilization by 10 minutes ozone treatment on the pathogen was obvious.Reduced pressure could inhibit the growth of pathogens,the inhibiting effect was optimal when the pressure dropped to 40 kPa.1-methyl ring propylene was good preservative.The pathogens inhibitoryeffect was optimal when 1-MCP concentration 40 mg/L.


ABSTRACT Characteristics of land consisting of soil characteristics, topography, climate and vegetation. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of climate and vegetation around the tourist sites Batu Dinding South Minahasa regency. This research uses descriptive quantitative method which consists of a field survey. Variable Climate observations comprise elements are rainfall and the state of vegetation. The results showed that the average monthly rainfall highest in January and December for the last 5 years from 2012 to 2016 with the tropical rainy climate that have monthly rainfall > 60 mm. The state of the vegetation around the site Batu Dinding has INP value is highest on the type of plant vegetation Coconut by 33.37%, which is the main constituent of plant communities in Batu Dinding. Keywords: Characteristics of Land, Climate, Vegetation, Batu Dinding


A method is presented to calculate the stress intensity factor of carburized spur gear teeth considering the effect of residual stress in the case. The crack at the fillet is assumed to be straight along the face width and a two-dimensional finite element method is used for the calculation. The residual stress is estimated based on the assumption that the main cause of residual stress is the volume difference between the case and core due to the martensitic transformation in cooling. The result demonstrates that the stress intensity factor is consideraly influenced by the residual stress. especially for the loading condition corresponding to the fatigue strength of gears. The present method is applied to the prediction of the position of crack initiation by assuming the existence the initial short cracks in the decarburized layer along the fillet.


Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect of continuous infusion of Compound Kushen Injection(CKI)combined with hepatic arterial chemoembolisation for advanced liver cancer. Methods:Forty advanced liver cancer patients who lost the chance of operation were equally randomised into the control group and the treatment group.The two groups received trans-arterial chemo-embolisation(TACE),and the treatment group received all-day continuous infusion CKI on the second day after TACE additionally.Results:None was completed relieved or partially relieved in the two groups.The number of patients staying unchanged was higher in the treatment group than that in the control group,but the difference was insignificant(P0.05).The pain relieving rate was higher in the treatment group than that in the control group,the difference being significant(P0.05).So did the abdominal distention relieving rate.The Karnofsky score was increased in the treatment group(P0.01 compared with that before treatment),and it was also increased in the control group,but the difference was insignificant(P0.05 compared with that before treatment).The difference of Kamofky score in the two groups after treatment was significant (P0.05).No obvious toxic and reverse reaction was found in the two groups.Conclusion: Continuous infusion of CKI combined with hepatic arterial chemoembolization is effective for advanced liver cancer through relieving symptoms and improving quality of life,which will supply a new way of Chinese medicine and western medicine for liver cancer.


: Market power in a potent ial reactive elect ricit y market at planning and design stage has been regarded as a vital problem for its negat ive effect on the efficient operation of the market. U p to now , research work on the evaluation index for market power in the reactive elect ricit y market has been mainly based on technical characteristics of a pow er syst em, and the st rategic bidding behavior of market participants is not taken into account. Given this background, an agent-based market simulation framework is presented for analyzing the gaming behaviors of reactive power suppliers and the resulting market power of participants. The replicator dynamics algorithm is ut ilized to simulate the agents (cid:1) rational behavior for profit maximizat ion. T wo mathemat ical models, in which the mandatory reactive pow er requirement is not/ is imposed for reactive power suppliers, are respectively developed for describing the uniform-price auct ion and pas-as-bid ( PAB) auction in a reactive electricity market. The market pow er is then analyzed by employing the wel-lknow n price cost margin index. The CIGRE 32-bus system is used for numerical studies. Simulation results demonstrat e the essential features of the developed model and met hod, and that reactive market pow er in the uniform-price auction is more significant than that in the PAB auction. This work is jointly supported by Special Fund of t he Nat ional Basic Research Program of China ( No. 2004CB217905) , and National Natural Science Foundation of China ( No. 70673023) .


When the bearing capacity of soft soil site cannot meet the design requirement of a nuclear power plant (NPP) , adoption of pile foundation is a good choice. However, the pile, soil and superstructure constitute a soil-structure interaction (SSI) system. The interaction among pile, soil and superstructure can affect the seismic response of the superstructure to some extent. To study this effect, two SSI analyses were performed based on preliminary pile foundation plan, taking a Chinese NPP on soft soil site as example. The only difference between two analyses is the existence of pile group. The analysis model consists of soil of a certain region, pile foundation and the nuclear island building. Artificial transmission boundary was set around the soil model. The location of input motion is at the bottom of soil model. LS-DYNA was selected for SSI analysis due to the large size of finite element model. It is observed from comparison results of two analyses that the existence of pile group doesn't affect the horizontal stiffness of the SSI system significantly, the frequency of the peak of horizontal in-structure response spectra (ISRS) didn't move apparently. However, the vertical stiffness of the SSI system has been affected significantly, the frequency of the peak of vertical ISRS moved apparently. This mainly due to that the horizontal stiffness of pile group is small if compared with that of the whole SSI system, while the contribution to the whole SSI system from the vertical stiffness of pile group is not negligible. The peak acceleration and zeroperiod acceleration (ZPA) were increased to some extent due to the existence of pile group. This probably because the vertical response was stimulated by high frequency energy component of the input motion due to the increase of vertical stiffness of whole SSI system.


The aim. To find out the effectiveness of the technology of correction of negative mental states of studentsby means of health fitness. Research methods. A battery of K. Zukhora tests was used to determine the state ofmotor abilities and physical fitness of students. The level of physical health was determined by rapid assessmentof the level of physical (somatic) health GL Апанасенка. Results. As a result of the experiment, the level of SZ ofstudents of pedagogical specialties of EG significantly improved. In particular, the changes were associated witha decrease of 35.42% and 18.75% of the share of students with low and below average levels of SS and anincrease of 43.75% of their share with the average level (χ2 = 39.58; P <0, 01). It should also be noted that10.42% and 2.08% of EG students had above average and high levels of physical health, respectively. In CG, thenumber of students with low levels of physical health increased by 4.26% due to a corresponding decrease inthose with average and above average levels, which was in line with the general trend in the level of health ofstudent youth. The integral indicator of physical fitness has significantly improved in EG students. The minimumlevel of physical fitness was 2.08% of students against 27.08% before the experiment, satisfactory – 52.08%against 54.17%, good and very good levels of physical fitness were 39.58% and 4.17%, respectively. It should benoted that 2.08% of students showed a high level of physical fitness, which was not observed before theexperiment (χ2 = 16.84; P <0.01). The conducted research testifies to the positive influence of the technology ofcorrection of negative mental states of students with the use of health-improving technologies on the indicatorsof mental and physical condition of students of pedagogical specialties.


PURPOSE: A method and an apparatus for restoring bust data are provided to restore data loss using a block code symbol which is overlapped. CONSTITUTION: A priority sorter(210) indicates time information in a data stream(250). The priority sorter sorts the data stream according to significance into a low-priority buffer and a high-priority buffer and stores. A FEC(Forward Error Correction) encoder(240) draws out the data of a first time slot and constitutes a forward error correction source block. The FEC encoder executes coding calculation for creating FEC parity data. The data stream comprises an I frame, a B frame, and a P frame.


We studied the social history and medical history of patients 14-35 years old with pulmonary tubercidosis. Established demographic differences in the structure of ТВ cases: adolescent women often suffer in adults up to 25 years, their share is reduced, and in the older age group, the probability of tubercidosis increases significantly in men. A greater value of social risk factors of tubercidosis in persons 18-35 years than in adolescents. ТВ in adolescents often detected during preventive fluorography and contact tracing, while the young adults mainly on admission with complaints.


In our study NOx emissions from soils are included in the RETRO inventory and they are 9.3 Tg(N)/year. Inter-annual variability is not included in the soil emission of RETRO inventory. Other estimates of the soil NO sources range between 9.7 TgN yr-1 Potter et al. [1996] and 21 TgN yr-1 Davidson and Kingerlee [1997] whereas estimates, that include the role of canopy deposition, are about 50% smaller [Yienger and Levy, 1995, Ganzeveld et al., 2002].


Two experiments of capillary suction and chloride penetration were carried out on the concrete specimens after exposure to natural cooling and spray water-cooling, and absorption coefficient and permeability coefficient were used to estimate the combining influence of cooling mode and temperature. The results show that high temperature cause severe degradation both the capillary suction and chloride ion resistance of concrete. Owing to short spray cooling time, the large temperature difference between inside and outside of concrete and large temperature stress, which accelerate progressive ion penetrating from outside. Then water absorption coefficient and chloride ion content in concrete surface is significantly greater than that of exposure to natural cooling. Therefore, spray water cooling mode has worse effect on permeability of concrete damaged in high temperature. Keywords—component; cooling mode; after exposure to high temperature; penetration coefficient


Osamu Seto‡ Institute for the Advancement of Higher Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0817, Japan and Department of Physics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan Abstract We consider the possibility of the lightest sterile neutrino dark matter which has dipole interaction with heavier sterile neutrinos. The lifetime can be long enough to be a dark matter candidate without violating other constraints and the correct amount of relic abundance can be produced in the early Universe. We find that a sterile neutrino with the mass of around MeV and the dimension-five non-renormalisable dipole interaction suppressed by Λ5 & 1015 GeV can be a good candidate of dark matter, while heavier sterile neutrinos with masses of the order of GeV can explain the active neutrino oscillations.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the disclosure pattern of corporate sustainability (CS) and the influence of sustainability reporting on firm performance of four countries in Asia – Japan, South Korea, Indonesia and India.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors have collected the sustainability reports and annual reports of 111 firms from four Asian countries for a period of six years. Based on the framework of Global Reporting Initiatives (GRI, 3 and 3.1), content analysis is used for calculating the disclosure score of corporate sustainability performance (CSP). These scores are further used to examine the impact on firm performance by employing a panel data regression model.

Findings
The study finds that the average level and quality of disclosure are the highest for Japanese firms, followed by India and South Korea. However, in the case of Indonesia, the average score is very low. Further, the study finds a significant difference in the disclosure of overall sustainability as well as components of sustainability between the countries. The regression results indicate the positive impact of CSP (both in terms of level and quality) on MBR. Specifically, the outcome of the regression model reveals that both the level and quality disclosure of CS are crucial for enhancing firm value for both the developed and developing countries of Asia. Moreover, the relative influence of CSP (both in terms of level and quality) on firm performance is found to be more in developed countries than the developing countries of Asia.

Originality/value
This is the first comprehensive study in the Asian context to investigate the disclosure pattern of CSP and also examine the association between CSP and firm performance by employing the panel data model. The outcome of this study is useful for policy implication.


CCHCR1 (Coiled-Coil a-Helical Rod protein 1), within the major psoriasis susceptibility locus PSORS1, is a plausible candidate gene with the psoriasis associated risk allele CCHCR1*WWCC. Although its expression pattern in psoriatic skin differs from healthy skin and its overexpression influences cell proliferation in transgenic mice, its role as a psoriasis effector gene has remained unsettled. The 59-region of the gene contains a SNP (rs3130453) that controls a 59-extended open reading frame and thus the translation of alternative isoforms. We have now compared the function of two CCHCR1 isoforms: the novel longer isoform 1 and the previously studied isoform 3. In samples of Finnish and Swedish families, the allele generating only isoform 3 shows association with psoriasis (P,10). Both isoforms localize at the centrosome, a cell organelle playing a role in cell division. In stably transfected cells the isoform 3 affects cell proliferation and with the CCHCR1*WWCC allele, also apoptosis. Furthermore, cells overexpressing CCHCR1 show isoformand haplotype-specific influences in the cell size and shape and alterations in the organization and expression of the cytoskeletal proteins actin, vimentin, and cytokeratins. The isoform 1 with the non-risk allele induces the expression of keratin 17, a hallmark for psoriasis; the silencing of CCHCR1 reduces its expression in HEK293 cells. CCHCR1 also regulates EGF-induced STAT3 activation in an isoform-specific manner: the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 is disturbed in isoform 3-transfected cells. The centrosomal localization of CCHCR1 provides a connection to the abnormal cell proliferation and offers a link to possible cellular pathways altered in psoriasis. Citation: Tervaniemi MH, Siitonen HA, Söderhäll C, Minhas G, Vuola J, et al. (2012) Centrosomal Localization of the Psoriasis Candidate Gene Product, CCHCR1, Supports a Role in Cytoskeletal Organization. PLoS ONE 7(11): e49920. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049920 Editor: Giuseppe Novelli, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy Received August 6, 2012; Accepted October 15, 2012; Published November 26, 2012 Copyright: 2012 Tervaniemi et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This study was supported by Academy of Finland (grant no. 130360; no. 1255560), Finska Läkaresällskapet, Helsinki University Research Funds, Sigrid Jusélius Foundation, Helsinki University Hospital Research Funds (TYH2009233), Swedish Research Council and Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems Vinnova. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: email@example.com


Some 226 species of native orchids have been recorded in Singapore. Of these, 178 are considered to be extinct, 40 are critically endangered, one is endangered (Bulbophyllum vaginatum), two are vulnerable (Vanilla griffithii, Bulbophyllum trifolium), and only five are considered to be common (Arundina gramminifolia, Bromheadia finlaysonianum, Dendrobium crumenatum, Eulophia graminea, Spathoglottis plicata). The orchid conservation program at the Singapore Botanic Gardens aims to monitor existing species, explore ways to conserve their germplasm, and increase their number for subsequent re-introduction into appropriate habitats, including managed parks and roadsides. Thus far, we have successfully re-introduced Grammatophyllum speciosum, Bulbophyllum vaginatum, Bulbophyllum membranaceum, Cymbidium finlaysonianum and Cymbidium bicolor. A special designated area at the National Orchid Garden has been set up to showcase the rich diversity of native species. The Orchid Cryo-Seed Bank began several years ago and is showing some promising results. We have successfully stored seeds of several native species including Cymbidium finlaysonianum, Cymbidium bicolor, Grammatophyllum speciosum, Dendrobium crumenatum, Spathoglottis plicata, Bulbophyllum vaginatum, and Dendrobium anosmun.


This study focuses on the estimation of kinematic and kinetic information during two-digit grasping using frequency decoding of motor cortex spike trains for brain machine interface applications. Neural data were recorded by a 100-microelectrode array implanted in the motor cortex of one monkey performing instructed reach-grasp-and-pull movements. Decoding of neural data was performed by two different algorithms: i) through Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) consisting of a multi layer perceptron (MLP), and ii) by a Support Vector Machine (SVM) with linear kernel function. Decoding aimed at classifying the upcoming grip type (precision grip vs. side grip) as well as the required grip force (low vs. high). We then used the decoded information to reproduce the monkey's movement on a robotic platform consisting of a two-finger, eleven degrees of freedom (DoF) robotic hand carried by a six DoF robotic arm. The results show that 1) in terms of performance there was no significant difference between ANN and SVM prediction. Both algorithms can be used for frequency decoding of multiple motor cortex spike trains: good performance was found for grip type prediction, less so for grip force. 2) For both algorithms the prediction error was significantly dependent on the position of the input time window associated to different stages of the instructed grasp movement. 3) The lower performance of grasp force prediction was improved by optimizing the neuronal population size presented to the ANN input layer on the basis of information redundancy.


In the field of description of the old book, the visualization is used to facilitate the revelation of various aspects of the literacy performance. The visual methods and techniques may relate both to the graphical presentation of the data requiring interpretation and to the results of the analyzes. The selection of appropriate graphic solutions heavily depends on the intended purpose of the presentation of data, particularly educational, scientific or artistic ones. For educational purposes, the illustrations as well as the spatial and interactive visualizations are the most commonly used. Within the scientific research the visualization of information is of particular importance in the case of the graphic representation of the large collections of old books. The projects of the Bibliotheque virtuelle du Mont Saint-Michel, the 15cBOOKTRADE and The Atlas of Early Printing are discussed in the paper. The visualization also refers to the infographics on which the illustrations from manuscripts and old prints are  presented and explained in an artistic way.


According to the Third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (3rd UDMI),2 a consensus document from the European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association/World Heart Federation, the term "acute myocardial infarction" can be used when there is "evidence of myocardial necrosis in a clinical setting consistent with acute myocardial ischemia" (1). Although the 3rd UDMI document specified 5 categories, or "types," of acute myocardial infarction, the categories most relevant in general practice are "Type 1" (acute myocardial infarction resulting from coronary artery plaque rupture with thrombosis) and "Type 2" (acute myocardial infarction resulting from a mismatch of myocardial oxygen supply and demand). For both Type 1 and Type 2 acute myocardial infarction, there must be a characteristic rise and/or fall in levels of biomarkers of myocardial necrosis (cardiac troponin preferred), and at least 1 value must be above the 99th percentile for the assay used. Further, biomarker evidence of acute myocardial infarction must be associated with at least one of the following: symptoms of acute coronary ischemia, new or presumed new ST-segment changes or left bundle branch block acutely on the electrocardiogram, development of new pathologic Q waves on serial electrocardiograms obtained after presentation, new regional wall motion abnormalities or loss of viable myocardium by cardiac imaging studies, or presence of coronary thrombus at angiography or autopsy. For regions of the world that have no resource constraints, including the US, the WHO has adopted the key principles of the UDMI (2). Although the WHO owns and publishes the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding system, it has not incorporated specific codes for the system of acute myocardial infarction types identified in the 3rd UDMI.

The adoption of the 3rd UDMI in clinical practice has been met with some confusion and uncertainty among clinicians and coders alike particularly …


Improved Learning Outcomes Of Physical Education On Subject About Various Efforts In Keeping Clean Environment Through Application Cooperative Learning Model Jigsaw Type  In Class IV SD State 53 Banda Aceh Academic Year 2012/2013. The background of this research is the maximal activity of fourth grade students in the learning process in subjects physical education subject matter of keeping the environment that lead to learning outcomes most of them have not reached the KKM. This occurs because the educators still tend to use conventional learning models in each lesson with variations in other words the lack of use of the learning model in teaching and learning activities. This study aims to determine: 1) how the application of the Jigsaw cooperative learning model in studying the subject physical education subject matter keeping the environment in the fourth grade Elementary School 53 Banda Aceh, 2) if the jigsaw cooperative learning model to improve learning outcomes of students in penjasorkes fourth grade in the subject matter keeping the environment in the fourth grade Banda Aceh State 53 2012/2013 academic year.  This research is Classroom Action Research (Classroom Action Research) aimed at improving student learning outcomes, especially in subjects dribble subject matter in order to achieve a minimum completeness criteria (KKM). The method used was action research in two cycles. The research was conducted in the fourth grade Banda Aceh State 53 Academic Year 2012/2013, amounting to 32 students. Data collection techniques using the test, interview and observation sheet. The results of the study at the time of the pretest obtained average value of student learning outcomes at the time of the pretest with classical completeness 0% with an average of 32.5. Increased by using cooperative learning model jigsaw, student learning outcomes can be improved which can be seen from the results of student learning classical completeness reached 65.63% with an average of 61.88 in the first cycle and increased to 100% with an average of 89 , 69 in the second cycle.


In this paper,global exponential stability of Hopfield neural networks with time-varying delays is investigated by constructing suitable Lyapunov function and using Young inequality and Halanay inequality in connection with inequality analysis techniques.A new sufficient condition is obtained to guarantee global exponential stability of networks.The condition are easy to check in practice and impose less conservation.Thus,the obtained results possess importance significance in the application and design of networks.At last,an example is given to illustrate the application of our results.


The multichannel information (over)flow emerging in modern mobile multimedia devices creates a situation where the user's attention is a valuable asset for which different channels have to compete. This paper explores issues that help in effective use and maintenance of the user's attention level in such environment. We demonstrate with examples how the user's attention level can maintain high at different stages of task switching and execution. Keywords-mobile Internet; attentive user interface; user interface; UI; ambient notification; human factors; design.


I political developments. The sub-continent has been divided into various regions for the purpose. There has also been an effort to mark the impact of certain developments across the north-western borders (in West and Central Asia) onethe Indian political scene. Finally, the major thrust of the 'unit is on understanding the I nature of regional politics. i.e. to deal with the quest i~n of characterizing formls of polity in India.


We present a novel confidence refinement scheme that enhances pseudo-labels in semi-supervised semantic segmentation. Unlike current leading methods, which filter pixels with low-confidence predictions in isolation, our approach leverages the spatial correlation of labels in segmentation maps by grouping neighboring pixels and considering their pseudo-labels collectively. With this contextual information, our method, named S4MC, increases the amount of unlabeled data used during training while maintaining the quality of the pseudo-labels, all with negligible computational overhead. Through extensive experiments on standard benchmarks, we demonstrate that S4MC outperforms existing state-of-the-art semi-supervised learning approaches, offering a promising solution for reducing the cost of acquiring dense annotations. For example, S4MC achieves a 1.29 mIoU improvement over the prior state-of-the-art method on PASCAL VOC 12 with 366 annotated images. The code to reproduce our experiments is available at https://s4mcontext.github.io/


Rehabilitating disrupted nutrient cycles through or ganic residue recycling in agriculture represents a win-win lever, particularly in urban-agricultural a reas, with benefits at both ends of the food chain. It carries the promise of enhancing agriculture's eco- efficiency and resilience while reducing environmental pressure in urban and downstream area s. The limits of the 'transfer of technology' paradigm to enhance RORAL have been acknowledged si nce well over three decades [1]. At CIRAD we develop an approach that represents a shift from the 'conflicting' paradigms of reductionism and holism towards one centred on the need for both. It s application to the situation of Reunion Island is presented. This isolated territory with very limite d natural resources, particularly arable land, and increasing demographic pressure represents one out of two types of high-potential areas. (Resume d'auteur)


【Objective】 The study aimed to clone and express the chicken Gal-3 gene,purify the recombinant Gal-3 protein and analyze its antimicrobial activity.It contributed to further investigation on biological function of defensing and exploitation of new antibiotics.【Method】 The chicken beta-defensin Gal-3 gene was amplified from cDNA of chicken heart using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),and fused with SUMO(small ubiquitin-related modifier).Then the fused gene was inserted into pET-20b vector and expressed in E.coli BL21.Recombinant Gal-3 protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot after IPTG induction.At last,obtained protein was purified and the antibacterial activity was assayed by agar hole diffusion-inhibition zone method.【Result】 Complete Gal-3 cDNA coding sequence was successfully obtained by PCR,the full lengh of Gal-3 gene was 240 bp.The optimal parameters of IPTG induction,at which highest expression was observed,were 33 ℃ for culture temperature,0.6 mmol/L for joining IPTG final concentration,and 0.6 for recombinant strain growth density A600 after being induced for 4 hours.Soluble Gal-3 protein at 33 ℃ was more than that at 37 ℃,and most of them were in soluble form.Recombinant protein with relative molecular mass of 26 ku was produced and purified.Antibacterial activity outcomes demonstrated that the recombinant Gal-3 protein was able to suppress the growth of E.coli and Staphyloccocus.【Conclusion】 The chicken Gal-3 gene from chicken heart was successfully cloned and expressed in E.coli and Staphyloccocus.The purified recombinant protein showed antimicrobial activity for E.coli and Staphyloccocus.


Peter Lau raises an appropriate concern for inferences drawn from a comparison between groups in a natural experiment; but in his zeal to overturn our conclusion about the existence of a community-college effect, he fails to consider the range of evidence on which this conclusion rests. We remain convinced that, his assertions to the contrary, our analysis constitutes strong evidence for such an effect and evidence, moreover, in a theoretically interesting site-the open-admissions program. We will deal with Lau's major point before taking up some of the other issues his comment raises. Lau suggests that even though we made great efforts to construct equivalent groups of seniorand community-college students, the equivalence falls apart because the community-college students may have been reacting to the "negative treatment" of placement in schools that were not their first choices.' We do not dispute that this issue is worthy of consideration, and Lau seems correct in assuming that it is difficult, if not impossible, to circumvent it either through the research design or suitable control variables. But these facts hardly mean that we must surrender our central conclusion without further ado, because here, as in many similar situations, one can distinguish between competing hypotheses by teasing out the full implications of the evidence. Such implications are not hard to find in our article. For example, students' academic life chances varied according to the particular community college at which they were placed, and in fact the students placed at some of the community colleges had life chances equal to those placed at some senior colleges. Such findings are hard to reconcile with the notion of reaction to an unfavorable placement, but even more troublesome for this notion is that the worst life chances were found for students at a community college that had long been publicly viewed as a good transfer route into the fouryear schools (Alba and Lavin, 1981:236). The most compelling evidence on behalf of our conclusion lies in one of the article's major findings-namely, the temporal unfolding of the divergent careers of the two groups of students. If reactions to initial placement played a key role in accounting for academic outcomes, then one would expect differences between the two groups to manifest themselves early in the freshman year, because this is when students placed in the two-year schools should feel most discouraged. A further reasonable expectation is that the community-college students who survive this initial period of discouragement should begin to approach their senior-college peers in terms of academic progress in second and subsequent years as it becomes gradually clear that they can attain their goals. If, on the other hand, the ultimate differences we observed are due to effects of community-college attendance, then one would expect the differences to emerge more slowly; it should take time for the community-college students to become deflected from their original goals. It is precisely the latter pattern that we found, not the former. In fact, community-college students did at least as well as their senior-college peers during the first two years; for example, with high school background controlled, they were significantly more likely to return for the second year (fully 80 percent of them did so). It was only after the second year that differences tavorable to the senior-college group began to emerge. To our mind, this constitutes powerful evidence against Lau's thesis that ultimate differences are due to the "devastating effects of rejection." In considering the larger concerns Lau raises, it may be helpful to recapitulate the starting point for the article we published in Sociology of Education (Alba and Lavin, 1981), especially since his comment ignores some of the important features of our own (and others') research. The article marks a culmination point. It was preceded by a lengthy set of analyses, published in our book (Lavin, Alba, and Silberstein, 1981), in which we examined in depth the academic careers of four-year and two-year college students and in which we did precisely what Lau claims ought to be doneI For clarity's sake, it should be noted that applications to CUNY permit the ranked choice of up to six colleges. Since all of the students in our two control groups had academic records that made their admission to a senior college questionable, presumably most or all of them would have included some community colleges among their choices. Thus, the great majority of the students placed at a community college would have been placed at a school among their choices.


Introduction : The psychiatric disturbances occur in 10-75% of lupus patients. Their diagnosis and management are difficult, especially among patients with multiple organic damages and under combination therapy. Observation : We report a case of a 28 years old man, treated for lupus, who presented an acute psychotic episode with mood disturbances aftermath of a glomerulonephritis complicated with renal failure and put on corticosteroids. Discussion : The occurrence of psychotic or manic episode in systemic lupus erythematosus is less common than the depressive disorders, but it can be severe, making it difficult to be managed. They can be a part of a comorbidity of a neurolupus or a steroid-induced disorder. The present case study confirms the difficulty to identify the origin of psychiatric disorders in these patients. Proper diagnosis and treatment are necessary, and the use of atypical antipsychotics as a monotherapy is preferred. Conclusion : the negative impact of psychiatric manifestations during the evolution of a lupus patient, involves a quickly and efficiently multidisciplinary intervention.


An extremely compact integrated polarisation independent optical crossconnect is reported. The device cun crossconnect signu1.c. at four wavelengths independently from two input fibres to two output fibres. Total on-chip loss is less than 16 dB, crosstalk is better than -16 dB. Device size is 6x6 mm2. An improvement in performance compared to an earlier reported device has been achieved by using an optimised concept.


Aims

This study sought to investigate the relationship between the countertransference (CT) reactions of therapeutic practitioners working in forensic services with clients with a personality disorder (PD). It examined the relationship between CT reactions and client PD as well as the influence of the client's offending background and the service in which the practitioner was working.

Method

A sample of practitioners (N=17) who had recently engaged in 1:1 psychologically informed work in a forensic service with a client with PD were invited to complete an online survey. The survey used the 79-item Countertransference Questionnaire (CTQ) (Zittel & Westen, 2003) alongside demographic questions about the practitioner and their client. The CTQ results placed practitioners into one of eight CT 'domains'.

Results

Chi-square analyses of relationships between CT and client PD diagnosis, client offence history and service setting were utilised. None of the tests were statistically significant.

Conclusion

Lack of statistical significance suggests that the CT reactions of forensic practitioners are not necessarily directly related to their client's pathology or their working environment. The results provide interesting suggestions for future research to better understand the work of forensic practitioners and their clients in comparison to their non-forensic counterparts.


We introduce the notion of online reactive planning with sensing actions for systems with temporal logic constraints in partially observable and dynamic environments. With incomplete information on the dynamic environment, reactive controller synthesis amounts to solving a two-player game with partial observations, which has impractically computational complexity. To alleviate the high computational burden, online replanning via sensing actions avoids solving the strategy in the reactive system under partial observations. Instead, we only solve for a strategy that ensures a given temporal logic specification can be satisfied had the system have complete observations of its environment. Such a strategy is then transformed into one which makes control decisions based on the observed sequence of states (of the interacting system and its environment). When the system encounters a belief-a set including all possible hypotheses the system has for the current state-for which the observation-based strategy is undefined, a sequence of sensing actions are triggered, chosen by an active sensing strategy, to reduce the uncertainty in the system's belief. We show that by alternating between the observation-based strategy and the active sensing strategy, under a mild technical assumption of the set of sensors in the system, the given temporal logic specification can be satisfied with probability 1.


Hao, H. and Leonard, JJ. 1994. Performance ofthin-film humidity sensors in poultry and swine environments. Can. Agric. Eng. 36:273-277. Two thin-film-polymer humidity sensors, together with their associated signal conditioning and transmitting circuitry were placed in turkey, broiler chicken, and swine environments for peri ods of six to seven weeks each. Their outputs were compared to that from a chilled-mirror dewpoint hygrometer with traceable calibra tion. Both sensors were accurate and stable relative to the reference hygrometer. Mean differences in weekly relative humidity measure ments between the tested and reference sensors were less than 2%. Both sensors exhibited some drift with time. This was not large (less than 0.5% RH per week) but was statistically significant (P<0.05). The rate of drift varied with each environment but could not be correlated with other variables that were measured, including ammo nia and dust concentrations. Deux detecteurs d'humidit£ a membrane mince de polymere, ainsi que leur bloc de conditionnement et de transmission de signal ont 6te" placesdans des locaux de dindes, de poulet a griller, et de pore pour des periodes de six a sept semaines chacun. Les mesures ont 6l6 comparers a celles d'un hygrometre a condensation a surface refroidie. Les deux d£tecteurs se sont av£r£s precis et stables par rapport a l'hygrometre de reference. Les differences moyennes dans les mesures hebdomadaires d'humidite" relative entre les deux detecteurs et l'hygrometre gtaient inferieures a 2%. Les deux de il variait dans chaque milieu mais ne pouvait etre corre^e" aux autres variables mesurees, notamment aux concentrations d'ammoniac et de poussieres.


This article attempts to answer five related questions: What are implicit research values? Why are these values often considered problematic to traditional science? Why are such values necessary to research? What are the main values of traditional methods in psychology? What are the implications of a value-laden science? Values in Research 3 A Primer of the Values Implicit in Counseling Research As someone who has lectured in the early phases of courses in research methods, I have often been confronted with what many instructors might think are naïve student questions: "Why do we study only observables?" "Why do we operationalize our constructs?" "Why do we need to replicate our findings?" These questions may seem naïve because they are not really issues to most of us as instructors. We almost want to respond by saying, "We observe, operationalize, and replicate because that is what scientists do." Of course, a moment's reflection tells us that this is not really a good answer. In fact, some scholars might accuse us of committing a logical fallacy with this answer – the appeal to tradition: We observe, operationalize, and replicate because that is the tradition of science in psychology; it is how our instructors taught us and their instructors taught them, and so on. Obviously, this instructional regress must stop somewhere. Why did the "first" instructors ask their students to observe, operationalize, and replicate? In other words, why did science originate in this manner? Surely, Moses did not descend Mt. Sinai with the Ten Commandments in one hand and the principles of science in the other. Some may assume that these principles were hard-wired into our brains, but there is no evidence for this assumption. Moreover, the principles of science could not have been scientifically derived, because one would need the principles (before their derivation) to conduct the scientific investigations to derive them. Unfortunately, there is simply no way round the fact that the principles of science are human-made inventions. Scientists were not even the inventors, partly because they needed the invention to become scientists. Philosophers and other humanists invented Values in Research 4 the current principles of science (Bohman, 1993; Curd & Cover, 1998; Slife & Williams, 1995). Still, these principles were not invented from nothing; they were invented from assumptions about how these philosophers thought the world worked. They had to be assumptions because they were conceived, guessed at, and speculated about before scientific investigations in their modern form. As we will see, these assumptions are very similar to what we would call values today. They are "subjective" opinions about what matters and is thought to merit investigation. This invention from assumptions means that the correct, but somewhat unsatisfying, answer to those naïve student questions is that observing, operationalizing, and replicating are part of the values of science. We observe because we (implicitly) value observables and so on. Unfortunately, this answer can itself beg a lot of other questions from thoughtful students: "Isn't science value-free?" "If it isn't, then is it biased?" "If it is biased, then why should we trust its findings?" At this point in our hypothetical Q & A, it may be obvious why so many instructors and psychological researchers would prefer to avoid these questions all together – they open a "can of worms." For this reason, it is a credit to the editors of this Journal and the special issue editor, Len Sperry, that they wish to open this can of worms. This first main article in the special issue is intended as a primer, an accessible introduction, to the conceptual issues involved. I want to emphasize "accessible introduction" because my intention is to simplify many of the conceptual issues entailed in understanding implicit values in research. I fear, as any academic does, that simplifications will appear to the specialist as oversimplifications. Nevertheless, I want to resist many of the complications, Values in Research 5 qualifications, and jargon that would satisfy specialists, referring them to more sophisticated resources (e.g., Curd & Cover, 1998; Gadamer, 1975; Richardson, Fowers, & Guignon, 1999; Slife, Reber, & Richardson, 2005). I want to aim, instead, at the counseling student who is new to these issues. With this audience in mind, my essay is grounded in a set of common questions I hope to answer. Two related questions seem an appropriate starting point: "What are implicit values?" and "Why are they often considered problematic to traditional science?" As we will see, this special issue on research values is little short of a miracle, given the historical and disciplinary pressures to understand research methods as value-free. However, we will then ask: "Why are values necessary to research?" In other words, values will be described as not only inescapable but also required of good research. Even the notion of "good" in this last phrase should help us to understand the value-ladenness of research. We will next ask the biggest question of all, certainly the one that will occupy most of this article in answering it: "What are some of the implicit values in traditional scientific methods?" The article then concludes with a final question regarding implications: "What does a value-laden science mean?" What are Implicit Values? Defining terms is always a bit hazardous because propositional definitions are typically both overly inclusive and overly exclusive (Slife, 2005). Consequently, we will attempt to explore here a few important "family resemblances" of values (Wittgenstein, 1958). Let us begin simply by noting that values tend to concern what matters or has merit. To value something is to judge that it has merit for some enterprise. To value observables, for example, is to judge that they have merit for the enterprise of science. Values in Research 6 The implicitness of many scientific values, as we will see, is that they are not usually understood as values. In fact, they are frequently presented and understood as though they were necessary truths (Heiman, 1995; Slife, Smith, & Burchfield, 2003). Most counseling students, for example, would probably not think that studying observables is an implicit value at all, because this form of study has often been taught as if there were no scientific alternatives. This teaching helps us to highlight another characteristic of implicit values – they are typically viewed as needing alternatives. In other words, a value is usually not perceived as a value if it is the only thing we can do; a value is usually understood as one of several possible values that we could embrace. For example, if desiring observables is a value in traditional research, then this value is best identified and understood in contrast to some other value. As it happens, alternative forms of scientific research, such as qualitative methods in psychology, do not value observables in this same way. Most qualitative methods, for example, value experiences and meanings as much as they value observables (Patton, 1990). This alternative value may sound odd, because many Western thinkers tend to equate observing with experiencing. Yet, there are many experiences that are not observable, such as many emotional and "spiritual" experiences. Perhaps most importantly for qualitative methods, the experience of meaning is not considered an observational experience solely (Gadamer, 1975; Slife, Wiggins, & Graham, 2005). The meaning of a Harry Potter story line, for instance, is not just the book's printed words, which fall on our retinas (are observable); it is the relations among the printed words that never fall on our retinas, though these relations (the plot) are certainly experienced. Values in Research 7 Qualitative methods, in this sense, have different values from traditional quantitative methods, and this contrasting relation between methods will help us in this article to experience (but not literally observe) the values of both methods (Slife & Gantt, 1999). An important final feature of research values is that they frequently have a close relationship with research assumptions. Research assumptions involve pre-investigation and often taken-for-granted beliefs about how the world operates. For example, the traditional research assumption that only sensory experiences can be truly known – the assumption of empiricism – is a large part of the reason that observables are so highly valued in science. Obviously, many qualitative researchers would disagree with this assumption, because they hold that nonsensory experiences, such as experiencing the relation among printed words, can also be known. Nevertheless, both methods have research values that are closely related to their research assumptions. At this point, we have described three characteristics of values that help us to answer the question raised by this section's title: What are implicit values? First, values are not always labeled or explicit, especially in science. They are often viewed as the axioms of how science is conducted. Second, implicit values (presented as axioms) are often best revealed through contrasting values. We will use the contrast between quantitative and qualitative methods in this article to help us identify the values of both approaches. Third, research assumptions are frequently central to research values. Not only are the two closely associated; they also have similar characteristics. Both are unproven, pre-investigation beliefs about the nature of the world (assumptions) and what matters in the world (values). Values in Research 8 Why are Values Considered Problematic to Traditional Science? The question of this section directs us to the reasons that so many scientists view values as problematic to the scientific method. Indeed, the users of traditional scientific methods (quantitative methods) often consider it importan


Itis generally accepted that endothelial cells generate most of their ATP byanaerobic glycolysis and that very little ATP is derived from the oxidation offatty acids or glucose. Previously, we have reported that, in cultured humanumbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), activation of AMP-activated proteinkinase (AMPK) by the cell-permeable activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboximideriboside (AICAR) is associated with an increase in the oxidation of 3 H-palmitate. In the present study, experimentscarried out with cultured HUVECs revealed the following: (1) AICAR-inducedincreases in palmitate oxidation during a 2-hour incubation are associatedwith a decrease in the concentration of malonyl coenzyme A (CoA) (an inhibitorof carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1), which temporally parallels the increasein AMPK activity and a decrease in the activity of acetyl CoA carboxylase(ACC). (2) AICAR does not stimulate either palmitate oxidation when carnitineis omitted from the medium or oxidation of the medium-chain fatty acidoctanoate. (3) When intracellular lipid pools are prelabeled with 3 H-palmitate, the measured rate of palmitateoxidation is 3-fold higher, and in the presence of AICAR, it accounts fornearly 40% of calculated ATP generation. (4) Incubation of HUVECs in aglucose-free medium for 2 hours causes the same changes in AMPK, ACC, malonylCoA, and palmitate oxidation as does AICAR. (5) Under all conditions studied,the contribution of glucose oxidation to ATP production is minimal. Theresults indicate that the AMPK-ACC-malonyl CoA-carnitine palmitoyl transferase1 mechanism plays a key role in the physiological regulation of fatty acidoxidation in HUVECs. They also indicate that HUVECs oxidize fatty acids fromboth intracellular and extracellular sources, and that when this is taken intoaccount, fatty acids can be a major substrate for ATP generation. Finally,they suggest that AMPK is likely to be a major factor in modulating theresponse of the endothelium to stresses that alter its energystate.


Ian Barnes, Brek Miller, and Barry Jackson visited Carnarvon late in 2006. Jabba was removed from the mount, the weather cabling was replaced, all the dome roolers were replaced, the cloud detector LDR was replaced, some mount limit switches were replaced, the computer was replaced, the temperature onitor was reconfigured to monitor different things, the PMTEB was replaced, and the autoguider was realigned.


Under sponsorship from ONR, Planning Systems Incorporated is developing the Generic Lidar Model (GLM) to compare different Lidar systems (pulsed/CW, airborne/in-water, monostatic/bistatic, wide/narrow beamwidth) using a consistent treatment of the environment. The model uses Modulation Transfer Functions to incorporate environmental influences on image detection and blurring. Environmental parameters include absorption, the depth-dependent effect of a scattering layer within the atmosphere and the water column, backscattering, bottom and target reflectivity, wind-driven air/sea interface changes. System parameters considered include source/receiver geometry, various spot and scan configurations, optical defocusing, and power. System electronics and image processing are being incorporated. GLM presently models a pulsed, range-gated system and a CW laser line scanner with the help of interactive GUIs which allow the user to instantly see and evaluate the effect of changes in important system and environment variables. Optical profiles obtained during the Oceanside '95 exercise sponsored by NRL's Littoral Optical Environment program were used to test GLM predictions. During this exercise, the optical signatures of passing internal waves were noted as having a dramatic effect on a laser-line scanner deployed. Profiles from the exercise were used to predict laser-line scanner performance before, during, and after the passage of the internal waves.


To our knowledge, the proposed concept is the first non-holographic all optical implementation of an invariant processor. Unlike most of the proposed invariance schemes, our processor works with gray level images, not just binary ones. This follows from the intensity transformation formalized in Eq. (6). Not only the shape of the object but also its intensity distribution can be analyzed for object identification. Nonlinear optical processing is the key element of our scheme.


Considerable insights into Japanese marketing behaviour, especially in its international dimesions, are to be gained by looking at the networking characteristics of Japanese firms. Attention is paid first to the role of networks in Japanese society, then to networks and business development in Japan. Some space is devoted to explaining the content of the Japanese word for 'network'. This sets the scene for a broad characterisation of Japanese international networking behaviour. A typology classifies firms' approaches to international markets as 'frontiersmen', 'social climbers' and 'band-wagonners'. The article concludes with a plea for empirical studies in two main areas: first, studies of the business-social networking behaviour of Japanese managers; second, investigations into the network governance of internationally operating Japanese industrial firms.


Study design, materials and methods This scross-sectional study evaluated 70 women aged between 18 and 50 years, complaining of pelvic pain for at least 6 months. Those women were evaluated and divided into two groups. The study group consisted of 28 women with diagnosis of chronic pain secondary to intrapelvic nerve entrapments. The control group consisted of 42 women with diagnosis of superficial endometriosis without nervous impairment. All patients were assessed using visual analog scale score (VAS score) to graduate pain on a form 0 to 10, where zero is no pain and 10 the worst pain ever experienced by the patient. Student's t test was used to compare the results of the VAS score and age.


The effect of extrusion processing by a twin screw extruder on the nutrient utilization, and the availability of defatted soybean meal (SBM) as partial protein source were studied with rainbow trout of about 4-5g. In Expt. I, fish were fed the control and 30% SBM diets with and without extrusion processing for 6 weeks. In Expt. II, fish were fed ordinary steamed dry pellets (DP) containing 30% SBM or 30% extruded SBM (ExSBM) as a partial substitute for fish meal, and extruded soft-dry pellets (SDP) with 30% SBM for 8 weeks.Expt. I: There was no marked difference in growth or feed efficiency between the control and 30% SBM diets. Their dietary values and growth rate were not significantly improved by the extrusion, although the digestibility of starch was markedly elevated. The digestibility of dietary protein was not influenced by extrusion processing, ranging between 88 to 91%. Expt. II: Of the 30% SBM diets, SDP with a higher energy content produced higher growth, PER, protein, and energy retention than DP. Feed consumption was slightly lower in SDP with the higher energy level, leading to improved feed efficiency. Replacement of 30% SBM with the same level of ExSBM did not result in any nutritional improvement of DP.


The new title compounds are prepared by solid state reactions of Y2O3, Eu2O3, Nd2O3, La2O3, Fe2O3, and V2O3 (argon, 1623 K, several 12 h periods).


This paper analyses the features of the adjacent repeated patterns with Suffix Tree, and proposes an algorithm based on Suffix Tree through constructing Suffix Tree again to find the largest adjacent repeated pattern. The comparable and analyzable experiment shows that this algorithm can find the largest repeated patterns which are effective and true.


At high pressure KC 8 undergoes a staging transition to a mixture of stages 1 and 3/2 at 15 kbar and stages 1 and 2 at 19 kbar. The width of the new peaks are not resolution limited but show a pronounced and non-monotonic variation with Q. This broadening is the result of a finite concentration of staging defects which can be simply modeled by stochastic disordering of an appropriately chosen two component layer sequence. This same analysis has also been used to explain deviations from the Bragg locations in KC 84 .


The research objectives were to study factors that influenced of operation success and the behavior that affected effective of employees performance which provide 100 employees, Faculty of Management Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya. The research tool was questionnaires by collected data from staff of Faculty of Management Technology. The statistics used to determine the quality of questionnaires by finding the confidence such as percentage, mean, standard deviation and test hypotheses for finding the relationship between variables by analyzing the correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. The study found that the most respondents were female equals 77.0 percent, 23.0 percent were males. Ages between 22-45 years old, education level as bachelor degree equals 52.0 percent, 54 percents provide a university position is employed. The test result of hypothesis showed that the overall of personnel demographic influenced of operation performances. Information of workplace behavior of staffs showed that the high level of overall of workplace behavior as 3.35 who largely as a faithfulness person as 4.38, a willingness to practice work assignments as 4.31, a diligence person and patience as 4.23, providing a screening, checking information to determine and carefully decision and sensibly respectively.


ABSTRACT Purpose of the Study: The incidence of tendon injuries increases dramatically with age, which presents a major clinical burden. While previous studies have sought to identify age-related changes in extracellular matrix structure and function, few have been able to explain fully why aged tissues are more prone to degeneration and injury. In addition, recent studies have also demonstrated that age-related processes in humans may be sex-dependent, which could be responsible for muddled conclusions in changes with age. In this study, we investigate short-term responses through an ex vivo explant culture model of stress deprivation that specifically questions how age and sex differentially affect the ability of tendons to respond to altered mechanical stimulus. Materials and Methods: We subjected murine flexor explants from young (4 months of age) and aged (22–24 months of age) male and female mice to stress-deprived culture conditions for up to 1 week and investigated changes in viability, cell metabolism and proliferation, matrix biosynthesis and composition, gene expression, and inflammatory responses throughout the culture period. Results and Conclusions: We found that aging did have a significant influence on the response to stress deprivation, demonstrating that aged explants have a less robust response overall with reduced metabolic activity, viability, proliferation, and biosynthesis. However, age-related changes appeared to be sex-dependent. Together, this work demonstrates that the aging process and the subsequent effect of age on the ability of tendons to respond to stress-deprivation are inherently different based on sex, where male explants favor increased activity, apoptosis, and matrix remodeling while female explants favor reduced activity and tissue preservation.


OBJECTIVE To study the effect of the Hydroxycamptothecin(HCPT) for MGC-803 cell line of gastric cancer to inducing apoptosis and anti-proliferation and expressions of apoptosis-related gene.METHODS The effect of the HCPT for MGC-803 cell line of gastric cancer to inducing apoptosis and anti-proliferation and expressions of apoptosisrelated gene by using MTT assay,inverted microscope,HE staining,light microscope,AO/EB staining,fluorescence microscope,transmission electron microscope,TUNEL methods and immunocytochemistry.RESULTS The HCPT inhibited the growth of MGC-803 cells at concentration of 0.5~50 mg/L,and exhibited dependent relationship with concentration;apoptosis morphological changes of MGC-803 cell of gastric cancer was observed by inverted microscope,light microscope,fluorescence microscope and transmission electron microscope;different concentration of HCPT all induced the apoptosis of MGC-803 cell of gastric cancer,and APO% increased along with the increase of drug dosage,and the drug action was in maximum peak at 48 h;Ki-67 masculine expression rate was decreased by the high concentration of HCPT and prolonged drug action time;when 12 mg/L HCPT using on MGC-803 cell of gastric cancer over 48 h,it obviously showed downed-regulation of apoptosis-regulate gene Bcl-2 and up-regulation of apoptosis-regulated gene Bax.CONCLUSION The HCPT had effects of anti-proliferation and inducing apoptosis on MGC-803 cell line of gastric cancer.The mechanisms of molecular biology might be related by downed-regulation of apoptosis-regulated gene Bcl-2 and up-regulation of apoptosis-regulated gene Bax.


In this paper, we present an efficient algorithm for solving optimization problems, which is based on gravitational search algorithm. In the proposed algorithm, called Member-Satellite algorithm, satellites have been appointed to all the agents which called as members in proposed algorithm. Members and their satellites are used to find a near optimal solution all together. The algorithm is continued with members or satellites with the best fitness value. Three benchmark functions are used to evaluate and to compare performance of the presented algorithm with GSA. The obtained results confirm the high performance of the proposed method in solving various nonlinear functions.


In a symmetric differentiated experimental duopoly we test the ability of Price Guarantees (PGs) to raise prices above the competitive levels. Different types of PGs ('aggressive' and 'soft' price-beating and price-matching) are implemented either as an exogenously imposed market rule or as a business strategy. Our results show that PGs may lead close to the collusive outcome, depending on whether the interaction between duopolists is repeated and provided that the guarantee is not of the 'aggressive' price-beating type.


Extensive calcification of the mitral annulus presents a formidable technical challenge to surgeons and increases the risk of serious complications such as intractable hemorrhage, atrioventricular disruption, and ventricular rupture during mitral valve surgery. We present a case of aortic and mitral valve replacements for a patient with extensive calcification of an intervalvular fibrous body. A 76-year-old woman was admitted with dyspnea on effort, leg edema and syncope. Transthoracic echocardiography showed severe aortic stenosis, and mitral stenosis with regurgitation, and extensive mitral annular calcification. Decalcification was performed with CUSA and we selected a trans-aortic-valve approach for decalcification of the intervalvular fibrous body. The calcification was left to a certain extent in order to preserve annular strength. Postoperative echocardiography showed no perivalvular leakage from either prostheses. The patient was transferred to a local hospital for further rehabilitation. Jpn. J. Cardiovasc. Surg. 41 : 308 - 311 ( 2012 )


Editor's foreword Roger D. Woodard 1. Language in ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt and Aksum: an introduction Roger D. Woodard 2. Sumerian Piotr Michalowski 3. Elamite Matthew W. Stolper 4. Akkadian and Eblaite John Huehnergard and Christopher Woods 5. Egyptian and Coptic Antonio Loprieno 6. Ge'ez (Aksum) Gene Gragg Appendix 1. Full table of contents from The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages.


Questions of development of numerical models for generation and transformation of long surface waves of a landslide origin are considered. The authors specify the basis mathematical models, state the principles of construction of computing algorithms, give the results of numerical experiments.


In order to explore the dynamic evolution of overburden rock movement and mining-induced stress of an ultra-high working face, taking the ultra-high working face of a 2# thick coal seam in a shallow mine field as the engineering background, this paper analyzes the distribution characteristics of principal stress, mining stress evolution characteristics, overburden rock migration characteristics, and overburden rock caving characteristics of a shallow overburden rock ultra-high working face under different advancing distances and calculates by FLAC3D numerical simulation software. The results show that when the working face advances to 200 m, the stress concentration degree presents a stable trend. The concentration degree and variation gradient of the maximum principal stress are greater than those of the minimum principal stress, while the range of the peak ahead coal wall is smaller than that of the minimum principal stress peak leading coal wall. With the increase of the advancing range, the stress recovery degree gradually increases, and the maximum principal stress recovery degree is higher than the minimum principal stress. When the working face advances to 300 m, the maximum principal stress restores to 66% of the initial value, while the minimum principal stress is only restored to about 50%, and the surface subsidence degree reaches 2.5 m.


In forecasting, the challenge of predicting river flows in time series was amongst the earliest to attract scientific interests. A broad range of mathematical approaches, from simple linear to complex non-linear methods, have been proposed in the literature for this kind of modeling. This paper introduces a hybrid method based on a soft computing fusion for river flow time series forecasting. For the experimental results reported here, this approach consistently outperformed traditional modeling methods. Findings from this specific research promise utility in the water resources and environment sector management where soft computing methods can be applied to various studies for which time series data are available.


As a major contaminant in water,the isotopic composition of Cr(Ⅵ)is sensitive to environmental variation.Due to obvious Cr isotopic fractionation in the oxidation-reduction process,the chromium isotopic composition in water can be used to indicate the reductive degree of Cr(VI)concentration in the water environment.Based on the study of the polluted water around an inorganic chemical factory in Huangshi City,this paper has discussed the chromium contamination and its relationship with chromium isotope ratios in natural water.


A prevalent view in multi-sensory integration literature is that cross-modal binding results in a coherent and unitary perceptual experience. This is used to explain the dramatic illusions that are often experienced as a consequence of exposure to inter-sensory conflict such as the McGurk illusion. Looking at lip movements that mismatch an acoustically presented syllable (i.e., the lip movements of [ga] with the sound /ba/) leads to an alteration of what is heard (often /da/, in the example). However, in stark contrast with the assumption of unity, here we report that observers can access veridical information regarding the true temporal order of unisensory component signals of an audiovisual syllable, while at the same time they experience an acoustic illusion that results in a reversal of the time order of the information specified in each sensory modality. This result raises the possibility that our brain can gain access to some unimodal component information as well as to the result of the integrated percept, suggesting the separability between the processing level at which sensory judgments can be made and the processing level at which multisensory binding occurs.


The present study included 60 patients presenting with chronic non-calculous cholecystitis and intestinal dysbiosis. It has been demonstrated that the application of the 'Nor Narine' probiotic in the combination with 'Djermuk' hydrocarbon sodium sulfate mineral water and the pre-formed physical factors, in the first place the magnetic laser radiation, increases the effectiveness of the rehabilitative treatment of the patients. Such treatment resulted not only in the positive dynamics of the clinical picture of disease but also in the well apparent marked tendency toward normalization of the intestinal biocenosis, the lipid blood spectrum, the antioxidant system, and the energetic exchange.


My school is in Cowell, a small coastal town in South Australia about 100 km from the nearest regional centre. The Area School has 180 students from Reception to Year 12. Often in such schools there are composite classes for Years 6/7 and 8/9; however, at Cowell these year levels are in separate classes, some with quite small numbers of students. (Middle school is Years 7, 8, 9.) The school grounds are attractively maintained, with well kept gardens and shaded areas for the students to play or sit. An outdoor learning area beside the Year 8 classroom was built with the support of federal funding obtained by another teacher and myself. It comprises a large concrete slab the size of half a basketball court, together with a separate shelter shed that has a concrete floor and a whiteboard on one of the walls. I use these areas for outdoor learning activities; the students and I enjoy getting out of the classroom.


Objective To understand the air microorganisms pollution and the community structure and distribution characteristics of outdoor airborne microbes in Hefei. Methods Airborne microbes were sampled by fallen plate method at 10 collection sites in the Hefei city. Results The results showed that the average concentration of the bacteria,fungi and total microbes in the outdoor environment were 5.04×104,3.75×103 and 5.41×104 cfu/m3 respectively and the fungi accounted for 6.92%of the total. The preliminary identification showed that the dominant bacteria mainly were Micrococcus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus and the average percentage were 37.3%, 21.0%, 10.3% and 9.5% respectively. Of the five fungi the dominant ones were Aspergillum, Penicillium, Mucor and Rhizopu. The average percentage were 42.0%,36.0%,4.4% and 4.2% respectively. Conclusion The outdoor air of Hefei has been polluted by airborne microbes. The distribution of the airborne microbes has the characteristics of time and space.It is affected not only by the environment and pollution,but also by such factors as human activities,animals and plants.


Critias of Athens (c. 460–404/3 bce), a relative of Plato's and scion of an elite family that counted Solon among its kin, is now best remembered for three things: an intellectual association with Socrates that ended unhappily; authorship of the so-called "Sisyphus" fragment, among the earliest extant presentations of atheism, and thus a leading instance of the naturalizing explanations typical of the Sophistic movement; and leadership in the so-called Thirty Tyrants, the murderous oligarchy that eliminated the democracy, perhaps with the aim to Spartanize the Athenian polis, in the year following the Peloponnesian War. The last seems to have overshadowed his many other intellectual and cultural accomplishments, as Aristotle and Philostratus suggest. Critias wrote works of almost unequalled generic variety: elegiac poetry, lectures, tragedies (perhaps), analyses of political constitutions (maybe in both poetry and prose), and even proto-dialogues (conceivably). He had a complex and enduring friendship with Alcibiades, a nexus of Athenian political, civic, and military life. Plato treats Critias as a central interlocutor in several dialogues—perhaps more frequently than anyone else besides Socrates. He made statements in natural philosophy, on the nature of soul and the relationship between cognition and perception. The extensive scholarship on Critias deals, in the majority case, with late-5th-century Athenian politics and Euripides' fragmentary plays, to which ancient authors attributed the dramatic fragments thought to be his. He is less frequently discussed in studies of the Sophists, Presocratics, Socrates, or Plato—according to some scholars, rightly so. But he is not absent from those sub-disciplines, if in a scattered way, and synthetic studies of Critias, taking account at once of his political, literary, and philosophical life, have been produced over the past two centuries, especially in the form of dissertations. There is currently no monograph in English available. This bibliography provides a guide to the materials known about and from Critias; the problems specific to the various witnesses and texts; solutions offered by the scholarship; and the shape that future investigations might take. Since Critias is a figure known only incidentally by most students of classical antiquity it is worth listing here the "hot center" of debate. Why did Critias become an active member of the "Thirty" oligarchs, and what did he hope to bring about in Athens? How secure is the attribution of the dramatic fragments to him, and what might they reveal about his ethical or scientific commitments? Is he the character presented in Plato's Timaeus and Critias, or is that his grandfather? What is Plato's attitude toward him in the Charmides? Is Xenophon right to have treated Critias as virtually the most bloodthirsty of tyrants known to Greek history? Other questions include the position of Critias within the Athenian intellectual scene; the likely structure of his constitutional works (in prose and poetry); the sources of his "philosophical fragments"; the contours of his relationship with Socrates; the reasons for Plato's continued literary presentation of Critias; and the overall tenor of his reception through late antiquity.


Editor—Gibson and Prowse have pointed out an apparent contradiction between the current clinical practice of withdrawal of systemic corticosteroid treatment after short courses and an article in the February edition of Current Problems in Pharmacovigilance .1 2 The article …


This new "UNEP Report" focuses on the global trends in sustainable energy development, covering both the renewable energy and energy efficiency sectors. This report shows that in spite of the global economic downturn, investment in sustainable energy is still strong. Resilience to the financial downturn that was hitting all sectors of the global economy and frustration that, while the UN Climate Convention in Copenhagen was not the big breakdown that might have occured, neither was it the big breakthrough so many had hoped for. Yet, also determination on the part of many industry actors and governments (especially in rapid developing economies) to transform the financial and economic crisis into an opportunity for greener growth.


The Z-configurated dienediyne aldehydes 11, 13, 19, and 20 were prepared as pure isomers by Pd(0)-catalyzed C,C couplings between appropriate terminal alkynes and the bis-(enol trifluoromethanesulfonate) 5 or its mono(enol trifluoro-methanesulfonate) derivative 18. Irrespective whether these aldehydes contained a C≡CH or a C≡CSiMe3 moiety, they cyclized with low efficiency (11, 13, 19) or not at all (20) to the corresponding 6-/10-membered ring dienediynes (compounds 10, 8, 21, and 22, respectively). However, the C≡CI analogs 6 and 26 of these aldehydes furnished the desired 6-/10-membered ring dienediynes 8 and 22 by Nozaki-Hiyama reactions; these cyclizations were complete and essentially clean conversions, provided an excess of CrCl2 and a stoichiometric amount of NiCl2 were used. However, since dienediynes 8 and 22 decompose very readily they were isolated only in 26 and 53% yield. Similar ring-closure reactions of the iodinated alkinyl aldehydes 36a and b — which were obtained from the same mono(enol trifluoromethanesulfonate) 18 and the alkynes 32a and b, respectively, in four steps (Scheme 7) — furnished the 6-/10-membered ring dienediyne 38 (51% yield) and the 6-/11-membered ring dienediyne 39 (54% yield). They are the most stable dienediyne analogs of the neocarzinostatin chromophore which we have so far synthesized. They were oxidized to the corresponding dienediyne ketones 40 and 41 (Scheme 8). The latter compounds cycloaromatized in the presence of methyl thioglycolate and 1,4-cyclohexadiene at 35–37°C to give the tetrasubstituted benzenes 47 and 48 as the only and as the main product, respectively (Scheme 9).


Nucleases are important enzymes responsible for catalysing the otherwise very slow hydrolytic cleavage of phosphodiester bonds of DNA and RNA. Many of these enzymes require one or more (typically two) metal co-factors, with zinc(II) being one of the most frequently employed. In addition to the metal(s), the participation of specific second sphere active site residues in proton transfer events, substrate activation and positioning and transition state stabilisation appear to be essential, but these aspects are not fully elucidated. A series of mononuclear zinc(II) complexes of tris-pyridylmethyl-amine (tpa)-based tripodal ligands containing the unit (6-NIIR-2-pyridylmethyl)amine (R = COtBut, H, CH2tBut) resembling the catalytic zinc sites of nucleases have been synthesised and fully characterised. Some of these complexes were used to explore strategies to induce the hydrogen bond interactions that influence the catalytic performance of nucleases, and to investigate the factors that affect their strength. Xray diffraction, NMR and IR studies revealed the formation of hydrogen bonding interactions between amide/amine groups and other zinc-bound ligands both in solution and in the solid state. The energies of these hydrogen bonds have been estimated by IR and VT 'H NMR coalescence studies. From this work, it appears that metal-ligand bonding may be as important as the nature of the hydrogen bond donors and acceptors towards defining the geometry and strength of the hydrogen bond formed.


The present invention relates to an improved process for recovery of natural gas liquids from a natural gas feed stream. The process runs at a constant pressure with no intentional reduction in pressure. An open loop mixed refrigerant is used to provide process cooling and to provide a reflux stream for the distillation column used to recover the natural gas liquids. The processes may be used to recover C3+ hydrocarbons from natural gas, or to recover C2+ hydrocarbons from natural gas.


Background: To investigate the prevalence of collagenous colitis in patients presenting with diarrhoea. Methods: Descriptive retrospective study in consecutive patients under study because of chronic diarrhoea. Results: In a 4.5-year period 23 consecutive patients had histological signs of thickening of the subepithelial collagen band in the colon. There was a female predominance: 19 women versus 4 men, mean age 60 years (range 33–83). The stool frequency was 1–13 stools daily. Indicanuria was present in 9 patients. The patients were divided into 3 groups: those with definite collagenous colitis (n = 11; thickness of the collagen band of more than 10 µm); those with indefinite collagenous colitis (n = 8; thickness between 3 and 10 µm), and those with a collagen band between 1 and 3 µm (n = 4). During a mean follow-up of 20 months (range 13–36), 7 patients had waxing and waning episodes of diarrhoea, 11 showed spontaneous waning of complaints and a lower stool frequency. The 9 patients with indicanuria did well after a course of tetracyclin 250 mg t.i.d., but all cases relapsed during follow-up. Conclusion: It is concluded that thickening of the collagen band and collagenous colitis are not as unusual as usually thought.


We discuss the ground states of LnF for all the lanthanides, based on Dirac–Fock–Roothaan (DFR) calculations with average-configuration in the reduced frozen-core approximation. The electron configurations of the ground states are (4f)n−1(5d)1(6s)1 for LaF ∼ NdF, (4f)n(6s)1 for PmF and SmF, and (4f)n−1(6s)2 for EuF ∼ LuF, in contrast to the (4f)n(6s)1 configurations of the gaseous cation, Ln+. Although the ground state configuration varies, the bonding character in the ground states is ionic for all LnF; a single electron is transferred from the Ln atom to the F atom. We also discuss the excited states having configurations (4f)n−1(6s)2, (4f)n−1(5d)1(6s)1, and (4f)n (6s)1. The complete active space configuration interaction calculations were performed for GdF, using two kinds of DFR spinor sets, one of which is a nonrelativistic-like spinor set and the other relativistic one. The nonrelativistic-like spinor set gives 8Σ− like (nonrelativistic like) ground state, which is consistent with the experiment. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009


Yields of leafy vegetables tend to increase with temperature decreasing under high-intensity successive plantation in winter in Pearl River Delta Area.Under the condition of four successive plantations of leafy vegetables with the same amount of phosphorus and potassium,the experiment indicated that growth and yields of leafy vegetables in the urea treatment was better than those in ammonium bicarbonate treatment,but the difference declined with temperature decreasing.Little difference was obtained between treatments of urea and ammonium bicarbonate combined application with organic fertilizer respectively.The nitrate content of leafy vegetables was affected by the difference in variety,temperature and fertilization.Inorganic fertilizer combining application with organic fertilizer could improve soil fertility.