In Tamil Nadu, Cuddalore fishing harbour is known for
ringseine operation and in February 2018, the fishermen
introduced multiday deep sea ringseine for oceanic tunas
and the result was encouraging ( Sivadas et al., 2018. Mar.
Fish. Infor. Ser. T & E Ser. No.235). Now the fishermen
from neighbouring areas like Pazhayar, Kalpakkam etc
also started practising this fishing. In 2019 since July,
there were good landings by this gear. A brief account
of the landings during July and August is given below to
highlight their role in exploitation of both inshore and
oceanic tunas. In a boat the catch varied from 5 t to 30
t. Initially the catch was comprised by yellowfin tuna and
skipjack tuna.


In order to get more fresh water with less energy consumption,a method was proposed to improve the original multi-stage flash desalination plant of a ship,in which the first vaporization temperature is reduced and reheating should be needed.The working principle of the new method was described by a mathematic model.Contrastive analysis between the new method and original one showed that the improved equipment is advanced because its energy consumption is less and water production is higher.


Guogannian is the ethnic festival of Tujia people during which some activities are carried out to remember the soldiers and heroes died in the Anti-wo war.Guogannian of Tujia people in Yinjiang originates in the Anti-wo war between the late Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty and its customs are formed in Jiajing years of the Ming Dynasty and it conveys the ethnic culture,ethnic spirit,spirit of times and patriotism of Tujia people.


As a crucial step toward the understanding of the tumor localization of gallium, we have re-investigated its binding and transport in blood. The studies were performed in vivo by injection of gallium-67 citrate in rabbits, and in vitro by incubation of gallium-67 citrate with individual plasma proteins. By ultrafiltration and gel filtration chromatography, rabbit plasma samples showed essentially complete protein binding, whereas dialysis indicated considerable nonprotein-bound gallium, the amount depending on the dialysis medium. According to electrophoresis, total binding was inversely proportional to electrophoresis time. Affinity chromatography showed all gallium to be bound to transferrin, whereas electrophoresis caused continuous dissociation of gallium from transferrin, with the resulting unbound radioactivity appearing in various other protein bands. Similarly, the binding of gallium to transferrin in the in vitro incubation studies was inversely proportional to electrophoresis time, whereas ultrafiltration and gel filtration chromatography showed all gallium to be transferrin-bound. No binding of gallium to other proteins, such as albumin, was observed. This study demonstrates that gallium at the tracer level in blood is exclusively bound to and transported by transferrin, and indicates that electrophoresis and dialysis of easily dissociable metal complexes are subject to significant artifacts. Accurate determination of protein binding of radiopharmaceuticalsmore » requires a combination of analytical techniques and cautious interpretation of the results.« less


The liver, despite its crucial role in metabolism is prone to several metabolic injuries and insults manifesting as liver damage. Thus, liver diseases arise from multiple aetiologies. In Nigeria, chronic liver diseases are rampant and constitute a significant cause of morbidity. Globally, medicinal plants play crucial roles in healthcare. Several Nigerian medicinal plants are used in the management of various liver disorders. This review focuses on medicinal plants that are used in the management of liver diseases in Nigeria. The search for novel active principles from plants must be sustained due to increasing prevalence of various liver ailments, challenges associated with liver transplantation and poor healthcare funding. The identification, isolation and characterization of active compounds from Nigerian medicinal plants could lead to the potential development of affordable and effective drugs for the management of liver diseases. Review Article Nnamudi et al.; EJMP, 31(12): 29-51, 2020; Article no.EJMP.58966 30


(57) Abstract: The present invention is a substrate which coating is provided having a photocatalytic property of titanium dioxide and based on at least a portion of one surface, at least a portion of the titanium dioxide crystals and some are quality is incorporated into a coating primarily anatase form shapes to the crystallized particles (anatase), it relates to the substrate. The present invention also relates a method of manufacturing of the substrate, and also to organic dispersions of titanium dioxide particles used in the manufacturing method of the substrate.


Abstract Effective sire selection should result in predictable differences among progeny groups within herds. National data from cows with lactations in 1979 gave within-herd regressions for Holstein yield on Predicted Difference of sire of 1.00 for milk and 1.01 for fat. First-lactation data gave regressions of 1.20 for milk and 1.13 for fat. Holstein herds were stratified into 10 classes by average milk yield of herd. Within-herd regressions of first-lactation yield on Predicted Difference of sire ranged from .71 for the lowest yield class to 1.49 for the highest yield class. Yield response to Predicted Differences of sires was related positively to herd yield, which suggests that sire selection for increased yield gives a greater return for herds with high yield than for herds with low yield. These results were supported by data from other breeds. Phenotypic variation within herds increased with herd yield, but coefficient of variation decreased. Heritabilities for yield from paternal half-sisters increased markedly across six classes of increasing herd yield for Holsteins.


Mazars has announced a 14% growth in turnover and a 10% growth in profits across its UK operations for the year ended 31 August 2015.


Motivated by recent long scale-length single- and multiple-beam experiments conducted on LLE's OMEGA laser system [W. Seka et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 175002 (2002)], we have simulated backward stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in inhomogeneous direct drive plasmas where a critical surface is present at all times. This was achieved by adapting pF3D, a parallel, three-dimensional laser–plasma interaction code developed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [R. L. Berger et al., Phys. Plasmas 5, 4337 (1998)]. The shortcomings of the paraxial approximation, inherent in pF3D, were identified and circumvented via a practical approach that has led to an improved understanding of the experiments. The results show a qualitative agreement between the simulated and experimental SBS backscattered power reflectivity, with the conclusion that the time dependence of the SBS reflectivity is governed by target hydrodynamics and a quantitative agreement in the blue-shift in the frequency of reflected light. T...


We examined the effect of tea extracts on immunoglobulin (Ig) production of mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes of Sprague-Dawley rats and found that various extracts suppressed the production of IgA, IgG, and IgM. In addition, the original extracts of green and black teas strongly enhanced IgE production, and their 102 or 103 times diluted samples exerted an inhibitory effect. Similarly, tea polyphenols having a triphenol group enhanced IgE production at 1 mM and inhibited it at concentrations below 100 μM. On the contrary, diphenolic epicatechin did not affect IgE production. Though all tea polyphenols exerted inhibitory effect on the production of IgA and IgG at concentrations above 10 μM, triphenolic compounds, such as epigallocatechin gallate, gallic acid and pyrogallol, exerted an enhancing tendency on IgA production at 0.1 μM. These results suggest that the Ig production-regulating activity of tea extract is partly due to tea polyphenols, especially those having a triphenol group.


The first recyclable polymer-supported electrophilic fluorinating agent was prepared by reaction of molecular fluorine with the triethylenediamine motif that is grafted onto a poly(4-vinylbenzyl chloride-co-divinylbenzene) polyHIPE material. The resulting polymeric SelectfluorTM-type reagent demonstrated high efficiency in the fluorination of naphthol in the course of repeated sequences of fluorination and regeneration. It also reacted with the enol form and the sodium enolate of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.


Algorithm for finding by recursion, the inverse of a lower triangular matrix of order n is developed, using its last row and the sub matrix obtained by deleting the last row and last column. In these algorithms the hitherto using double suffix notation for the entries of amatrix is replaced by single suffix notation. The necessary results are established.


We investigate the potential of inverse methods for retrieving adequate information about
the rate kernel functions of cluster-cluster aggregation processes from mass density distribution
data. Since many of the classical physical kernels have fractional order exponents the
ability of an inverse method to appropriately represent such functions is a key concern. In
early chapters, the properties of the Smoluchowski Coagulation Equation and its simulation
using Monte Carlo techniques are introduced. Two key discoveries made using the Monte
Carlo simulations are briefly reported. First, that for a range of nonlocal solutions of finite
mass spectrum aggregation systems with a source of mass injection, collective oscillations
of the solution can persist indefinitely despite the presence of significant noise. Second,
that for similar finite mass spectrum systems with (deterministic) stable, but sensitive, nonlocal
stationary solutions, the presence of noise in the system can give rise to behaviour
indicative of phase-remembering, noise-driven quasicycles. The main research material on
inverse methods is then presented in two subsequent chapters. The first of these chapters
investigates the capacity of an existing inverse method in respect of the concerns about
fractional order exponents in homogeneous kernels. The second chapter then introduces a
new more powerful nonlinear inverse method, based upon a novel factorisation of homogeneous
kernels, whose properties are assessed in respect of both stationary and scaling mass
distribution data inputs.


The Australian ethnic press has historically performed a salient role in the process of integration between immigrants and the host country. Ethnic newspapers can become the voices of the ethnolinguistic community they represent. In a diaspora that is as ethnically diverse as the Spanish speaking community, these periodicals can potentially mediate a community's participation in the public sphere of the country they live in and their country of origin. They have shown to improve awareness of politics and other societal issues from their homeland and host country. The possible impact of internet technology to the Australian ethnic press, in this case the Spanish language press, is an area which has received little academic attention. There have been studies which examined the relationship between the internet and mainstream media, but thus far the ethnic press has been overlooked. In the digital era, the scope for ethnic media is greater than ever, and the cost for developing and sustaining ethnic media has decreased substantially worldwide since the emergence of the internet. This presentation will discuss whether Spanish print newspapers are more effective in increasing the overall number of societal issues than their online media counterparts.


The utility model relates to a heat emission structure of a portable computer keyboard component, comprising a computer main body, a keyboard component and a plurality of convex structures. The computer main body comprises a groove for the keyboard component to be arranged on the groove. The convex structures are arranged between the groove and the keyboard component to support the keyboard component and effectively segment the interface of the keyboard component and the computer main body preventing the heat source caused by the working of the computer main body passing directly to the keyboard computer. Therefore, the disability of the keyboard because of high temperature can be avoided effectively and the utility model is more suitable for practical use.


This paper used Simulink to establish a sequence of spreading code sequences and Gold sequences m simulation model,simulation data,a high degree of agreement with the theoretical analysis,proved to be popular Simulink spreading code sequence of the feasibility of simulation.Simulink simulation environment could be used as m sequences and Gold sequences simulation of a reliable means of computer simulation,for m sequences and Gold sequences of design and research to provide effective help to save human,material and experimental period,and the experimental results and reliable achieved accuracy of spreading code sequences,real-time simulation.


In this paper the method of Mueller matrix elements measuring by polarization states modulation is considered. This method allows to facilitate research in comparison with the classical method. Using of tanning beams with opposite polarization states makes it possible to measure and compensate systematic errors of experimental setup that arise due to the presence of defects of polarization elements. The use of the results of this paper for investigation of polarization active media is promising.


ABSTRACT Recently, the valuation of patented technology has been greatly emphasized, and patent citation has been accepted as a very useful index of this technology. In this study, we performed correlation analyses between the patent citation coun ts and 17 explanatory variables of morphological, technological, and conceptual facto rs with a test dataset of U.S. patents in five subject fields. Seven variables having 5% or more standardized variances(r 2 ) with patent citation counts were identified; number of pages, number of claims, reference-average-citation rate, patent increase/decrea se rate, strength of bibliographic coupling, co-citation counts and document similar ity. The result of the ANOVA test shows that the mean values of these variables vary among most subject fields.키워드: 특허인용, 인용분석, 특허 피인용횟수, 특허인용 영향요인patent citations, citation analysis, patent citation counts, factors influencing patent citation ****** 이 논문은 박사학위 논문의 일부를 요약 ․정리한 것임.한국원자력연구원 책임연구원(email@example.com) ( 제1저자)연세대학교 문헌정보학과 교수(firstname.lastname@example.com) ( 공동저자)


An eyeglass gaze camera and a skeletal coordinate camera without sensors attached to the operator's body were used to monitor gaze and movement during a simulated surgical procedure. These new devices have the potential to change skill assessment for laparoscopic surgery. The suitability of these devices for skill assessment was investigated.


In order to elaborate this project, we began to investigate about the existing international regulations for the analysis of the retention of the panoramic glasses during collision conditions; Likewise, through the regulations obtained, the evaluation of the current systems was developed to carry out these simulations, determining the conditions in which they were carried out. In a joint way, the impact process was conceptualized in which the different collision types for these tests were analyzed, allowing to determine the set of forces, reactions and conditions experienced during the test; At the same time, different alternatives were evaluated regarding the probable location of the device; After this the parameters for the device were defined, starting the detailed design of the elements that compose it.


The hybrid implicit-explicit finite-difference time-domain (HIE-FDTD) method is a weakly conditionally stable finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The time step size of the HIE-FDTD method is only confined by the two coarse spatial cell sizes, so it is widely used in the simulation of electromagnetic targets with fine structures along one direction. In this paper, the basic iterative formulations of the HIE-FDTD method are proposed by approximating the formulations of the FDTD method. In these formulations, the iterative coefficients are marked with spatial grid numbers. Therefore, the coefficients can be calculated automatically according to the media parameters of the spatial cells by indexing the grid numbers. Since the triangular matrix which is used to calculate the electric field is based on the iterative coefficients, the triangular matrix can also be updated automatically. In addition, a method to reduce the number of tridiagonal matrices is proposed in this paper, which can effectively reduce the calculation memory and improve the calculation efficiency. In the proposed HIE-FDTD method, equivalent parameters are employed at the interfaces of different media and the convolution perfectly matched layer (CPML) boundary condition is used to truncate the computational region. Based on the proposed HIE-FDTD method, a series of programs are implemented, which can simulate arbitrary electromagnetic targets with fine structure in one dimension in linear, non-dispersive space. A dielectric plate irradiated by planar wave and a dual-frequency microstrip inverted F antenna are simulated using these programs. The numerical results are in good agreement with those of the traditional FDTD method and CST software, and the computational efficiency of the proposed HIE-FDTD method is greatly improved compared with the traditional FDTD method. This study provides a reliable simulation tool for the wide application of the HIE-FDTD method.


Organic photovoltaics (OPV) has gained considerable interest being flexible, light weight and transparent. OPVs can be processed by using roll-to-roll (R2R) printing and coating methods which can lead to significant manufacturing cost reduction. Gravure printing brings the advantage of layer patterning directly in the printing process. Importantly, this increases product design freedom by enabling large-area arbitrary shape and size structures.


For the problem of using image processing to accurately measure the plant leaf area,this paper proposes a new method which utilizes Snake model to extract the leaf contour and calculates the leaf area based on the leaf contour.It improves the Snake model.On one hand,it defines a color gradient in HSI color space as the external energy function of snake.On the other hand,it makes the corners detected as the vertexes of the initial contour,and increases or reduces the vertexes by adaptive algorithm.It utilizes the Snake model to extract the leaf counter.It calculates the leaf area based on the chain codes of leaf contour.Experimental results prove that,compared with the leaf area calculation method in image J software,this method is more accurate,and it has certain application value.


Abstract Slate in Wales normally implies the slate industry of North Wales, mainly in the counties of Caernarvon and Merioneth. There was however, another, although smaller, concentration of the industry in Northern Pembrokeshire, extending thinly into the counties of Carmarthen and Cardigan, and even into Brecon. This article gives an account of the slate industry of Pembrokeshire and its borders, an historical gazetteer of known slate quarries in that area and detailed descriptions of a Jew of the more interesting sites.


The feeding ecology of the constituent members of the aerial feeding bird guild was studied in Malaya. Although numbers changed with the movements of migrants, more birds were seen feeding over forested habitats than open areas. Methods of ecological isolation were seen in morphology, flight behaviour and food selection. Seasonal changes in foraging behaviour associated with breeding and migration were found in Pacific Swallows and Barn Swallows. Migrant species were observed to mix freely with residents and no evidence was found for competitive exclusion between the two groups.


An atomic force microscope (AFM) is an extremely versatile investigative tool in the field of nanotechnology, the performance of which is significantly influenced by its conventional zig-zag raster pattern scanning method. In this paper, we consider the use of a spiral scanning method with an improved model predictive control (MPC) scheme for its faster scanning. The proposed MPC controller reduces the phase error between the input and output sinusoids and provides better tracking of the reference signal. Also, a notch filter is designed and included in the feedback loop with the plant to suppress vibrations of the piezoelectric tube scanner (PTS) at the resonant frequency. Consequently, the proposed controller achieves a higher closed-loop bandwidth and significant damping of the resonant mode of the AFM's PTS. Experimental results show that, by using the proposed method, the AFM's scanning speed is significantly increased to up to 180 Hz and produces improved image quality.


Arc immobility phenomena at contact openings are investigated. Effects of contact opening velocity, magnetic field, and contact material on arcs immobility time are examined. Particle compositions of arcs contaminated by metal vapor and ablation gas from polymeric insulating materials are calculated, and a spectroscopic analysis of the arc is presented. Arc immobility phenomenon are related to the amount of metal vapor in the arc. The arc ignited by evaporation of a metal bridge is so metallic at initial stages that the arc temperature is low and the arc radius is long. Arc temperature increases by the admixture of surrounding gas into an arc column and arc shrinkage occurs. Consequently, the arc is easily driven. The arc quenching effect of ablation gas from insulating materials is also investigated.<<ETX>>


The possibility of creating solid-state picosecond generators with a peak power of tens of GW has been experimentally shown. In the approach, an input pulse of nanosecond duration from a solid-state generator with a semiconductor opening switch (SOS generator) is amplified in peak power and shortened in time by successive stages of gyromagnetic ferrite lines. The essence of the approach is that the lines in each stage operate in a magnetic compression mode (Magnetic Compression Line, MCL), which is realized at close values of the input pulse duration and the period of oscillations generated in the line. In this case, the main part of the input pulse energy is transmitted only to the first peak of the oscillations. In the experiments, we used the SOS generator and a four-stage magnetic compressor based on MCL1-MCL4 lines. At the peak power of input pulse of 6 GW (490 kV, $40\ \Omega$ and 7-ns pulse duration generated by the SOS generator, a peak power of 77 GW (1.93 MV, $48\ \Omega$) with 105-ps pulse duration was obtained at the output of the four-stage compressor. Compared with the parameters of the input pulse, the voltage rise rate was increased by ∼ 230 times to 26.2 MV/ns, and the power rise rate was increased by ∼ 820 times to 1.65 TW/ns.


Due to high product value and some related environmental issues, recycled copper was used as filler in polyester system. The waste copper was collected from the milling machine. The effects of particle size distribution of recycled copper on properties of the polyester composites were studied based on the thermal stability, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), electrical conductivity and hardness. It was found that addition of recycled copper has improved the thermal stability of polyester. Incorporation of recycled copper has also decreased the CTE of the composites. From the aspect of different particle size distribution, monomodal distribution shows the most stabilised thermal behaviour with the highest degradation temperature of 314.41°C. However, insignificant effects of particle size distribution on the CTE values were found. In terms of electrical properties, recycled copper filled composites with average particle size of 16 mm exhibited the highest conductivity owing to better continuity provid...


Abstract An unreported d,l‐tripeptide self‐assembled into gels that embedded FeII 4L4 metal–organic cages to form materials that were characterized by TEM, EDX, Raman spectroscopy, rheometry, UV/Vis and NMR spectroscopy, and circular dichroism. The cage type and concentration modulated gel viscoelasticity, and thus the diffusion rate of molecular guests through the nanostructured matrix, as gauged by 19F and 1H NMR spectroscopy. When two different cages were added to spatially separated gel layers, the gel–cage composite material enabled the spatial segregation of a mixture of guests that diffused into the gel. Each cage selectively encapsulated its preferred guest during diffusion. We thus present a new strategy for using nested supramolecular interactions to enable the separation of small molecules.


The functional structure of the automatic control system of forced-draft tract of a water-heating coal copper is presented. Results of research of stability and quality of automatic system of small pressure in a fire chamber are reduced. Structure of SAR small pressure and optimum values of parametres of adjustment of its regulators are defined.


On December 7, 1964, after two years of ethnic conflicts, British Guiana held its fourth general election after the attainment of universal adult suffrage in 1952 under the system of Proportional Representation (PR). The incumbent People's Progressive Party (PPP) had won, by sizeable majorities, all three previous elections which had been held under the First Past the Post system. However, as a result of the 1964 PR elections, the PPP failed to win a majority. It won only 45.8% of the votes while the opposition parties, the People's National Congress (PNC) and the United Force (UF) received 40.5% and 12.4% respectively.1 The opposition parties formed a coalition with the PNC as the majority party. The PNC was to remain in power for the next 28 years under the leadership of Forbes Burnham until his death in 1985, and then under Desmond Hoyte until the party's defeat in 1992. Four general elections were held under the PNC's administration during which women participated in increasing numbers, with a few becoming parliamentarians and cabinet ministers. The paper will focus on the participation of women in the hierarchy of the PNC, the percentages of women on the parties' lists, in parliament as ministers of government and the factors which influenced those activities during those twenty eight years. It must, however, be stated that because of the difficulty in accessing data on the opposition political parties many of the references are to the PNC.


With the destruction of the Third Reich and subsequent establishment of two separate and sovereign German states, different perspectives on society and class have resulted in differences in German-Jewish affairs. The Jewish communities in the Federal Republic of Germany, while predicated on the principles of religious corporations, became oriented toward the World Zionist Organization and the State of Israel. Indeed, Jewish life in West Germany soon represented expatriate Israeli existence, and the religious, cultural and political organizations of West-German Jews have become largely extensions of Zionist and Israeli purposes.


The purpose of this study is to examine and explain the operandi pattern of fraud that occurs in the distribution of bank financing and explain the efforts to minimize fraud that occurs in the distribution of bank financing. The results of the study show that. This research is a type of qualitative research with the research design used is a case study in BPRS X. The data in this study consisted of documentation, interviews, and observations. The results showed that there were elements of BPRS X who had practiced fraud starting from the submission stage, data analysis and approval in the form of falsifying documents by conditioning the submission so that they could pass the financing so that there were mask credit findings, credit in the name. As well as efforts to minimize fraud consisting of Pillar steps to prevent, detect, investigate and monitor and evaluate existing systems.


We present a brief review of application of a model-independent analysis of X-ray refleetometry data to our recent investigations of thin films of phospholipids DSPC and DMPS on a surfaces of water and colloidal silica hydrosol. Comparison of the results against analytical models of phospholipid membranes known in literature allowed us to extract more extensive information on the samples in question. The effect of spontaneous ordering of lipid films on a surface of colloidal silica is discussed. We also demonstrate the possibilities to influence the structure of prepared membranes by enriching the substrate with alkali ions.


PurposeThe purposes of this paper are (1) to explore the overall development of AI technologies and applications that have been demonstrated to be fundamentally important in the healthcare industry, and their related commercialized products and (2) to identify technologies with promise as the basis of useful applications and profitable products in the AI-healthcare domain.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a technology-driven technology roadmap approach, combined with natural language processing (NLP)-based patents analysis, to identify promising and potentially profitable existing AI technologies and products in the domain of AI healthcare.FindingsRobotics technology exhibits huge potential in surgical and diagnostics applications. Intuitive Surgical Inc., manufacturer of the Da Vinci robotic system and Ion robotic lung-biopsy system, dominates the robotics-assisted surgical and diagnostic fields. Diagnostics and medical imaging are particularly active fields for the application of AI, not only for analysis of CT and MRI scans, but also for image archiving and communications.Originality/valueThis study is a pioneering attempt to clarify the interrelationships of particular promising technologies for application and related products in the AI-healthcare domain. Its findings provide critical information about the patent activities of key incumbent actors, and thus offer important insights into recent and current technological and product developments in the emergent AI-healthcare sector.


The objective of the present project is to create a Danish speech material designed specifically for investigations of speech-on-speech masking. Speech-on-speech masking is characterized by "informational" masking effects, often defined as the masking that speech creates in addition to the energetic masking by pure noise. In the present project, 804 unique sentences have been created, divided into three subsets, and uttered by three professional female talkers. Listening tests are in progress in order to compile test lists, each consisting of 20 sentences of approximately equal intelligibility. The final corpus is expected to consist of three sets of 10 test lists that are equally usable as target or masker signals. A pilot validation of the corpus has shown a high average speech recognition threshold (SRT) and a relatively small test-retest standard deviation compared to other materials.


This research was conducted to increase students' participation and achievement in learning Social Studies  of  grade 4 by implementing inquiry method in SD Negeri Kenteng 1 Kecamatan Susukan Kabupaten Semarang semester II year 2016/2017. This research was based on Kemmis and Taggart classroom action research model. The subject of this study were 17 students. The indicator of success of this study was that 80% of the students achieve equal or more than the passing grade (70). It was shown that the implementation of inquiry method is able to increase students' participation and achievement. The ratio of participation from phase 1 to phase 2 increased from 64.70% to 88.23%. On the other side, students' achievement in phase 1 was that 70.50% of the students reached the minimum passing grade with the mean value of 88.90. On the second phase, 100% of the students were able to pass the minimum passing grade, and the mean value of the class increase to 93.80. From those result, it can be stated that inquiry method was able to increase students' participation and achievement in learning Social Studies for grade 4 students of SD Negeri Kenteng 1 Kecamatan Susukan Kabupaten Semarang.


Objective: A gap was identified in the literature for research addressing service users' experiences of receiving information following a first episode of psychosis which may include receiving a diagnosis of psychosis or schizophrenia. Method: Seven participants were recruited from Early Intervention in Psychosis Services and took part in semi-structured interviews. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was applied to the interview data to explore the way participants created meaning from their experiences. Results: Three themes were uncovered: Having an Official Condition; Being the Patient; and Construing Identity. Conclusions: These themes illustrate the influence of information outside the diagnostic process, such as service users' existing knowledge or societal representations of the diagnosis, which was important in the way the diagnosis was perceived by participants. Power relationships between service users and clinicians are addressed in relation to the provision of information. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.


Partners for Livable Places is a non-profit organisation centred in Washington D.C., with a supplementary centre in Indianapolis and a European centre in Lyons, France. It was founded about twelve years ago. At that time our arts ministry, the National Endowment for the Arts, was chaired b;,' Nancy Hanks. It had a mandate to change the entire country, to bring beauty to our cities, using arts and culture as a leading wedge. I was assistant director of the architecture and design programme. Nancy Hanks felt frustrated that design, architecture and public art were the smallest funding programmes in the Endowment's portfolio. We discovered that when we talked to business people, mayors, labour union leaders or poor people in public housing estates about aesthetics, public art, architecture, design, we didn't communicate a thing. Unless you could argue the social and economic issues involved in making a livable place, the response was 'Who cares?'


This paper presents typical data on the internal friction of twelve single crystals of zinc oscillating longitudinally. The measurements of decrement were made at frequencies of 41 kc and 57 kc. (a) Zinc of three grades of purity was used. The behavior of decrement as a function of stress amplitude for these different materials was found to depend less on the purity of the metal than has been reported previously (see references 1 and 2). (b) For one crystal the decrement showed little rise from its initial value of 2×10−5 at very low stress amplitudes up to stress amplitudes nearly three times the static elastic limit. Considerable similarity of behavior of the decrement as a function of stress amplitude resolved into the basal plane has been found for a number of crystals with a wide range of orientation. The obtaining of these consistent results depended on the use of appropriate annealing and etching techniques. (c) The decrement of a well annealed crystal increased with rising temperature at all stres...


In terms of the friction feeding servo system of high-velocity punch for transformer insulation bar cushion blocks, after discussion of a friction-driven model, this paper establishes a three-layer fuzzy neural network with a hidden layer by adopting a structure which combines fuzzy control, PID control with neural network for the control of AC servo motor. In this system, the fuzzy mapping is realized by using multiple-node networks. The control accuracy of a feeding system is improved by the adaptive friction compensation on single-shaft rotation rate of its motor. The effect of friction nonlinear is inhibited and strong robustness is obtained through simulation research.


The Wyman solution depends on two parameters, the mass M and the scalar charge Σ. If one fixes M to a positive value, say M0, and lets Σ2 take values along the real line, we show that this solution exhibits a type of critical behavior, in analogy with the nonstatic massless scalar field solutions. For Σ2>0 the space-times have naked singularities, for Σ2=0 one has a Schwarzschild black hole of mass M0 and finally for −M02⩽Σ2<0 one has "wormhole-like" solutions. We also show that the Wyman solution is not self-similar, i.e., it does not admit a homothetic Killing vector.


Abstract : The author outlines a number of methods for identifying parts of the social system to which the individual belongs and the 'nature of communication' in the systems context. He emphasizes 'expectation' as a crucial condition for reception as well as the basis for redundancy. He defines a number of useful constructs such as 'communication', 'change', Ashbey's Law of Requisite Variety, circumstances as probability vectors, systematic errors, S lags, P lag, and R lag. He presents an integrated format on which his future work on this project will be based. (Author)


Background: We analyzed post-radiation (RT) neurocognitive outcomes in an ethnically diverse pediatric brain tumor population undergoing photon radiotherapy (XRT) and proton radiotherapy (PRT). Procedure: Post-RT neurocognitive outcomes from 49 pediatric patients (37% Hispanic/Latino) with primary brain tumors were analyzed. Tests included cognitive outcomes, behavioral outcomes, and overall intelligence. For each outcome, proportion of patients with cognitive impairment (scores <1.5 SD) was calculated. The Fisher exact tests compared proportion of patients with impairment and t tests compared T-scores between XRT (n=32) and PRT (n=17) groups. Linear regression assessed associations between radiation modality and outcomes. Results: Median follow-up was 3.2 and 1.8 years in the XRT and PRT groups, respectively. The median RT dose was 54.0 Gy. We found impairment in 16% to 42% of patients across most neurocognitive domains except executive function. There was no difference in scores between XRT and PRT groups. Regression analyses revealed no association of neurocognitive outcomes with radiation modality. Non-Hispanic patients had better Verbal Comprehension Index and General Ability Index scores than Hispanic patients (P<0.05). Conclusions: Among pediatric patients with brain tumors receiving RT, all cognitive domains were affected except executive function. Radiation modality was not associated with neurocognitive outcomes. Hispanic patients may be more vulnerable to posttreatment cognitive effects that warrant further study.


A repertory grid measure of the integrative complexity of personal constructs is described. The grid is proposed as a measure of a subject's use of comprehensive abstract constructs to integrate and direct the sampling of characteristics used in forming impressions of people. The grid method is based on principles described by Piaget as characterizing the stage of formal operations. At the stage of formal operations, the child uses abstract constructions of what is possible to direct the exploration of what is available to experience. The use of such abstract organizing constructs is referred to here as "integrative complexity." Grid scores of integrative complexity were found to match simulations of the progressive integration versus fragmentation of constructions. The grid scores were also found to correlate with Crockett's measure of level of organization in impression formation. The results support the credibility of the coordinate grid measure of integrative complexity


Abstract A sensitive, specific, qualitative, and quantitative extraction procedure followed by an hplc assay of 11-nor-Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THC-COOH) from human urine is developed. Using a new, "mixed mode", bonded silica gel solid phase extraction (SPE) column, the analyte was selectively isolated from the urine component. Following extraction, the presence of THC-COOH was confirmed and quantitated by a UV detector on a Varian 15cm C18 column using 35:65 v/v 50 mM phosphoric acid:acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. The limit of detection was 10 ng/mL at a signal to noise ratio of 2.5. The method showed linearity in the 10–300 ng/mL range (r=0.999) with good precision (RSD 1.4%) and accuracy (87% absolute recovery).


In this paper, we define the inclusion graph Inc(A) of an S-act A which is a graph whose vertices are non-trivial subacts of A and two distinct vertices B1,B2 are adjacent if B1 ⊂ B2 or B2 ⊂ B1. We investigate the relationship between the algebraic properties of an S-act A and the properties of the graph Inc(A). Some properties of Inc(A) including girth, diameter and connectivity are studied. We characterize some classes of graphs which are the inclusion graphs of S-acts. Finally, some results concerning the domination number of such graphs are given.


The presence of heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAA) in fried chicken breasts was investigated. All samples contained HAAs including MeIQx, PhIP, and the β-carbolines Harman and Norharman. In particular, PhIP was found in high concentrations of 1.5 9.1 ng/g. MeIQx was detected at very low concentrations (n.d. 1.1 ng/g). The concentrations of the co-mutagenic β-carbolines Harman and Norharman ranged from 0.8 to 2.3 ng/g. The content of the precursor glucose varied substantially from 30-250 mg/100 g based on dry matter. In contrast, the content of the precursor creatine in non-fried chicken breasts varied by only 8 %. A significant linear correlation existed between PhIP and the molar ratio of creatine/glucose (r=0.88, p<0.001). We thus conclude that with increased concentration of glucose in chicken breast, the formation of PhIP may be reduced.


Through analyzing water quality change trend in Luanhe River Channel since the construction completion,the main area with high pH value was found among Yuqiao Reservoir.The causes of effecting the pH value increment were discussed from various aspects,e.g. the rock weathering and soil action influencing the solute in the surface water,the groundwater moving,and the phytoplankton photosynthesis.It was determined that photosynthesis of algae is the principal reason of the pH value increment.High concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the reservoir results in algae bloom.Algae absorb CO 2 and release O 2,breaking out the balance between HCO - 3,CO 2 and OH - and bringing about the pH value increment in the reservoir.


The B text of the Old English Bede copied in the first half of the eleventh century into CCCC 41 by two scribes differs editorially, linguistically, and rhetorically from other witnesses. Although the two B scribes are generally credited with the alterations, Campbell (1951), Scragg (1990), and Waite (2014) point out that some of the distinctive traits of the B version may have originated in an anterior copy or copies. Waite (2014) also objects to the indiscriminate treatment of the work of the two B scribes as it obscures the contribution of each copyist. The present study examines seven distinctive linguistic characteristics of the B text. To determine which traits may derive from an anterior copy and which ones may be attributed to the B scribes, it compares and contrasts the Bede manuscripts and the B scribes' practices. This inquiry not only sheds light on the methods of scribal revision but also the English of the first half of the eleventh century.


The late medieval church and clergy community and conflict - the 1530s religious conflict - resistance and change religious houses and chantries - dissolutions and surrenders the decline of the parish clergy the new diocese and its clerical elite.


The ecological traits of the settlement of ants Formica aqiulonia Yarrow were studied in areas influenced by various anthropogenic factors (recreation, coal industry, increasing road traffic). We have revealed that ants are sensitive to any effects and in the overwhelming cases disappear from the contaminated area. Anthills with a dome diameter of 0.65-0.80 appeared to be the most resistant to various anthropogenic factors. No changes in the diet of F. aquilonia have been detected in the zone of coalmine impact. On the contrary, in the areas with a high recreational impact, the proportion first and second instar larvae of the Colorado beetle is increasing, which makes it possible to consider this species as a biological defense.


space to the subject of the Jewish and Greek Background, of which there has been so much recent investigation, and then goes on to supply useful appendices on the chronology and the topography of the New Testament. Another feature of the book is its well-balanced estimate, as appears in the valuable bibliography, of the respective contributions in the field of the New Testament of British, American, and Continental scholars. The authors seek to give here the generally accepted results of modern study of the New Testament without attempting to deal with the theological, philosophical, or ecclesiastical problems which are inevitably related to it ; and they seek


(See the major article by Chalmers et al on pages 330–9.)

The term "healthcare-associated infections" was first introduced in 2001 with the recognition of bloodstream-infected patients who came from the community with certain multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogen risk factors (ie, those for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA]) that were similar to those generated in the hospital setting [1, 2]. Follow-up studies further defined these healthcare-associated infections in patients with bacteremia, and this was then expanded to other conditions including pneumonia. The American Thoracic Society (ATS)/Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) [3] defined healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) as pneumonia that originates within the community in individuals who have certain healthcare contact risk factors for acquiring MDR pathogens. The list of MDR risk factors included hospitalization for 2 days or more in the preceding 90 days, residence in a nursing home or extended care facility, home infusion therapy (including antibiotics), chronic dialysis within 30 days, home wound care, and family member(s) with an MDR pathogen [3]. These risk factors were considered to be associated with the risk for MDR pathogens similar to those pathogens reported in hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) patients rather than those observed in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The most common MDR pathogens associated with HCAP suggested by the guidelines are MRSA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp., and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing gram-negative bacilli [3]. The landmark study that originated the term "HCAP" was performed in 4543 patients with positive-culture pneumonia in a large, multiinstitutional database of US acute-care hospitals [4]. It was suggested that HCAP patients had a unique MDR microbiology pattern that could lead to inappropriate antibiotic selection, as well as increased mortality. The study identified S. aureus as a major pathogen in HCAP patients at a level that was much higher than in CAP patients but similar to that observed in HAP and VAP patients. In addition, HCAP patients carried a higher mortality and longer length of hospital stay compared with CAP patients. However, once an effort was made to implement these "HCAP" criteria in clinical practice, there was considerable confusion and serious risk of overprescribing antimicrobial agents for patients with pneumonia.

Since the creation of the term "HCAP," several studies from around the globe have confirmed or contradicted the original definition, questioning its validity and generalizability [5]. In this issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Chalmers and collaborators [6] attempt to clarify the concerns raised by the HCAP definition using a detailed and elegant metaanalysis and systematic review. The authors identified 24 studies; most were retrospective and only 37.5% had a prospective design. The authors concluded that the concept of HCAP does not accurately identify resistant pathogens, nor does it identify a mortality risk related to the presence of MDR pathogens. In addition, these important limitations put into question the validity of the IDSA/ATS clinical practice guidelines and suggest that the HCAP term be revised.

This interesting study reveals questions and areas that require further exploration. First, are patients coming from the community with pneumonia who were considered at risk for MDR pathogens? After more than 10 years of both retrospective and prospective data collection, it seems reasonable to say, yes. However, both the proportion of MDR pathogens and the type of MDR pathogens have a different geographical distribution based on the local healthcare system, which differ from country to country as do their antibiotic policies [7]. In view of this, the idea of a single global tool for predicting the presence of MDR pathogens, as with the HCAP classification, would not be feasible. After evaluating the evidence, it seems that the 2 main MDR pathogens that cause pneumonia in the community are MRSA and P. aeruginosa. Chalmers et al reveal that a proportion of patients with pneumonia have infections that are secondary to MRSA. In addition, since 2001, the CAP clinical practice guidelines have recommended the stratification of patients with severe structural lung disease who present with severe pneumonia and require intensive care unit–level care for the risk of P. aeruginosa [8].

Second, how could we identify MDR pathogens in patients coming from the community with pneumonia and how could we differentiate MRSA from P. aeruginosa? Similar to the previous question, we need a better understanding of the MDR risk factors that may suggest specific pathogen risk factors rather than a set that will include them all. Recently, a road has been opened toward analysis of individualized risk factor for MDR pathogens in the single patient in order to prevent overtreatment [9, 10]. MDR-oriented scores could be used to identify these clinical characteristics in order to enable healthcare providers to focus on the modifiable risk factors that could lead to better outcomes. Although we may have tools that can help us predict pneumonia caused by MDR vs non-MDR pathogens, we still do not have secure and validated methods for determining whether pneumonia is due to MRSA or P. aeruginosa in hospitalized patients coming from the community. A possible explanation could be found in the overlap between major risk factors for MRSA and those for P. aeruginosa, such as nursing home residency and previous hospitalization.

Third, how could this problem be solved? There is hope that in the near future the waiting period for a final microbiological identification with antimicrobial susceptibility testing could be reduced from 48–72 hours to just a few hours from the time of clinical presentation. Rapid point-of-care testing methodologies may assist clinicians in directing appropriate and adequate antimicrobial therapies for patients with pneumonia.

In the mean time, a reasonable approach should consider the following points: (1) The identification of the probability for a patient with pneumonia coming from the community to have an MDR vs non-MDR pneumonia. Risk factor calculators may assist clinicians in the objective quantification of the risk for MDR pathogens in order to lead to appropriate antimicrobial utilization. However, the need for these tools, along with the risk factors included in them, should be individualized based on local epidemiology. (2) The evaluation of the presence of single risk factors for MRSA, P. aeruginosa, or ESBL-positive pathogens. (3) Strong efforts to perform microbiological evaluations at the time of diagnosis of pneumonia with the aim of identifying a possible isolate after 48–72 hours, changing antibiotic therapy, and preventing adverse clinical outcomes.

Finally, it should be clear that risk factor analysis, microbiological approach, and choice of the right antibiotic therapy are just one field of action for preventing mortality in patients with pneumonia. In order to resolve the puzzle of saving the lives of those with pneumonia, we need to integrate this approach with therapeutic measures that are focused on stabilization of the immune response following the infection and better control of decompensation of comorbidities.


A LED photography light comprises an insulation substrate (4), one piece or multiple pieces of LED light plate (1) provided on the insulation substrate, and one piece or multiple pieces of Fresnel lens (2) positioned over the LED light plate. The use of the LED photography light can improve the illumination efficient and adjust the illumination angle.


Drawing upon empirical studies of racial discrimination, the Movement for Black Lives platform calls for the abolition of capital punishment. The authors defend the Movement's claim that the death penalty in the United States is a "racist practice" that "devalues Black lives." They first sketch the jurisprudential history of race and capital punishment in the United States, wherein courts have occasionally expressed worries about racial injustice but have usually called for reform rather than abolition. They argue that the racial discrimination at issue flows in part from implicit biases concerning race, criminality, and violence, which do not fit comfortably within the picture of racial bias advanced by the courts. The case for abolition rests on Black Americans as a class (not merely those who interact with the criminal justice system as capital defendants or as murder victims) being subject to such bias and thereby not being accorded equal status under the law.


When building rich user experience web applications, an abundance of web application frameworks is available and only little guidance for making the decision which one to choose. Web 2.0 applications allow individuals to manage their content online and to share it with other users and services on the Web. Such sharing requires access control to be put in place. Existing access control solutions, however, are unsatisfactory as they do not offer the functionality that users need in the open and user-driven Web environment. Out of all those web development framework the most popular is MVC Framework. Model–view–controller (MVC) is a software architecture, currently considered an architectural pattern used in software engineering. The pattern isolates "domain logic" (the application logic for the user) from the user interface (input and presentation), permitting independent development, testing and maintenance of each (separation of concerns). Model View Controller (MVC) pattern creates applications that separate the different aspects of the application (input logic, business logic, and UI logic), while providing a loose coupling between these elements. Key Word Spring MVC, Architecture, XStudio, SOA, Controller.


【Task】 A method for producing an implant to be implanted in living bone is disclosed. The method includes the step of causing at least a portion is roughened, the roughened surface of the surface of the implant. The method further comprises depositing a discrete nanoparticles on roughened surface through one step in the process of exposing the roughened surface to the solution. Nanoparticles are made of a material having a property of promoting osteosynthesis.


The project was undertaken to develop and field test an automatically controlled bridge mounted vibration absorber. The system, referred to as a semiactive vibration absorber (SAVA) consists of a hydraulic cylinder coupled to structural steel elements that bolt to an existing bridge. The hydraulic cylinder (HC) is equipped with a computer-controlled valve and sensors. The sensors are used to detect the motion of the bridge girders that results from the passage of heavy multi-axle trucks. The research resulted in the establishment of a smart software code that opens and closes the valve on the HC at appropriate times during the vibration. The modulation of the valve affords an optimized combination of both stiffness and damping, which results in a significant reduction of vibration amplitude and maximum stress in the girders. Field testing of the SAVA system was conducted on the Walnut Creek Bridge at the 92.7 mile marker on I-35 between Dallas, Texas and Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The bridge has a two-lane, 38 ft (12.6 m) wide composite deck, supported by five 134 lb/ft (199.4 kg/m) girders mounted at 8 ft 6 in. (2.6 m) centers. The continuous 400 ft (122 m) long girders were supported at 100 ft (30.5 m) intervals by three piers and abutments at either end of the bridge. The SAVA system was installed in summer 1996 on one span of the bridge, and field tested for over 12 months. The results indicate a nominal reduction of truck-induced stress and deflection of over 55%. The tests were conducted using four multi-axle trucks with weights ranging from 27 klb (12,247 kg) to 120 klb (54,432 kg), traveling at the posted speed limit. NCHRP Report 299 (1989) was used to determine the remaining safe life of the bridge. The most conservative estimate indicated that the span in which the SAVA system is mounted gained an additional 60 years of safe life and over 150 years of mean life. The estimated safe life of the bridge prior to the installation of the SAVA system was -7 years. The system operated on a 12-volt battery that is rated to last over two years. The instrumentation required includes two sensors (per actuator). The entire SAVA system was mounted from below, without having to impede traffic. The estimated cost of the system is approximately 7% to 10% of the cost to replace the bridge. The performance of the system and the integrity of the electronics is routinely checked via a remote monitoring system. The work proved conclusively that the semiactive vibration absorber system is robust to climate conditions and is inherently safe. A patent has been awarded (#5545372) for this technology.


Cloud Computing is a major area of research. Nature Inspired Algorithms (NIAs) form the major portion of research going on in the Cloud today. NIAs as the name suggests are the algorithms whose source of inspiration is nature. NIAs can further be classified into algorithms based on Swarm Intelligence (SI), Biological Phenomena (called Bio-inspired BI), Physics and Chemistry systems or based on some other things. SI based algorithms are called intelligent because they are known to learn and improve their performance by observing the output on previous moves made by them. NIAs provide an efficient solution to many real-world optimization problems which are categorized to be NP-Hard Problems. NIAs have a huge list of applications and most of them prove to be more efficient than other algorithms and thus are many a time used in combination to other algorithms in order to improve performance and thus deliver a better QoS. The paper intends to review, classify and briefly describe various NIAs and the principle behind each algorithm so as to inspire further research. The paper also lists the applications of various NIAs. NIAs also find their application in Cluster and Grid Computing.


We discuss two quotient objects. Given the group G and variety Fas above (with points in an algebraic closure of fc), one always has the invariant-theoretic quotient V//G (§1); then a reasonable quotient object for (Vk, Gk) is X-= n(Vk), where : V -* V//G is the quotient map. The set X parametrizes the Zariski-closed G-orbits in V which contain a fc-point (1.1(3)). If k is local, there is a second possibility: the space Vk//Gk of closed Gk-orbits in Vk is Hausdorff and supports a quotient map p : Vk -+ Vk//Gk (5.5, 5.11).


Load lock and the dry vacuum pump assembly includes a load lock having a load lock housing, a load lock housing is provided with a matching system having a cylinder which is concentrically located about the flange-shaped cylinder, the cylinder of the flange; Dry vacuum pump includes a shaft and a rotor, a first concentric cylinder, and a second concentric cylinder extending outwardly from the rotor and is connected integrally with the matching system type, first and second dry vacuum pump concentric type cylinder, the cylinder and the cylinder of the flange is concentrically positioned relative to the flanges disposed in an axial direction relative to the shaft; Molecular drag compression stage is formed by a flange having first and second concentric cylinders, helical structures selectively provided on a cylinder positioned concentrically about the cylinder and the flange of the flange-shaped. The first and second concentric cylinder rotates concentrically about the cylinder and the cylinder of the flange position with respect to the flange.


Abstract: This paper analyses the reasons and scenario of the current economic crisis in Sri Lanka. The study examines the possible reasons for the crisis, its ongoing impact on GDP, tourism industry, and on Sri Lankan rupee against other major currencies in the world. The paper shows that Forex reserves of Sri Lanka mainly depend on Tourism revenue, thus underscoring the importance of the tourism industry. But due to current circumstances of the Covid-19 and its severe impacts leads to a high decline in tourism revenue which ultimately affects the country's reserves. This resulted in the high depreciation in the value of the Sri Lankan rupee against other major currencies in the world. To assess if the country has enough reserves, we have used the Guidotti - Greenspan rule and we found that since the Covid pandemic has begun, Sri Lanka has been unable to follow this rule and the ratio of reserves to short term debt is continuously decreasing. The external sector of Sri Lanka is also not performing well due to the sharp decline in exports. The IMF has approved a bailout package through its Special Drawing Rights to get over this crisis. Therefore, appropriate actions must be undertaken to overcome the crisis and revive the economy


The interchange reaction in blends of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(m-xylylene adipamide) (MXD6) has been characterized in terms of changes observed in spectra obtained with a 600-MHz 1H-NMR. The selective degradation of PET components in the blends was carried out in the NMR tubes prior to evaluation. Results indicate that there is no chemical reaction between the PET and MXD6 in the absence of sodium p-toluenesulfonate catalyst. The presence of the catalyst activates the interchange reaction between these two resins. A mathematical method was applied to calculate the degree of randomness of PET-MXD6 copolymer. In addition, the reaction degree was found to be affected by exposure temperature, time, shear rate, and catalyst concentration. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009


The inverse of the Fisher information matrix is used in the natural gradient descent algorithm to train single-layer and multi-layer perceptrons. We have discovered a new scheme to represent the Fisher information matrix of a stochastic multi-layer perceptron. Based on this scheme, we have designed an algorithm to compute the natural gradient. When the input dimension n is much larger than the number of hidden neurons, the complexity of this algorithm is of order O(n). It is confirmed by simulations that the natural gradient descent learning rule is not only efficient but also robust.


Continuous monitoring of CO concentration in Beijing was made between July 1st and September 30th,2007.An improved gas chromatograph(GC)equipped with a flame ionization detector(FID)was used for the measurement,combining with automated sampling and calibrating systems.The results show that there are two peaks in the diurnal variation of CO in the atmosphere of Beijing,one appears at 7∶00—8∶00 in the morning,the other is at 23∶00—24∶00 in the evening,the concentration for the two peaks are 3.66×10-6 V/V and 4.92×10-6 V/V,respectively.The variation of CO concentration is strongly affected by both the strength of emission sources and the key meteorological factors.Although CO concentration in the atmosphere decreased significantly during the traffic restriction period of August 17—20 of 2007,the weather condition also played a role in air pollutant elimination.


By investigation and analysis of community library in Shaoxing,the author proposes that public library can participate in the construction of culture in community.Information service desk and network for lending and reading books can be found between library and community,united action for books reading can be hold.


Synthetic biology is the engineering approach to edit or write the genome aiming to design the biological devices (promoters, transcription factors, TFBS, terminators etc.) of an organism to achieve the improved properties, while, metabolic engineering aiming to engineer the microbes to produce metabolites on industrial scale through recombinant DNA technologies. Recently, both synthetic biology and metabolic engineering fields are growing quickly and are used to produce metabolites of interest. The main theme of Synthetic Biology – Metabolic Engineering book is to review the tools and techniques used in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering to design and engineer the microbes to produce value-added metabolites and its application in industrial biotechnology. The book is written by the world-renowned metabolic engineers and synthetic biologists in series of Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology and primarily elaborates the synergy between metabolic engineering and synthetic biology.


The utility model is applicable to the technical field of laser projection and provides a laser projection light source. The laser projection light source comprises an excitation light source composed of at least two blue light sources, which are identical in linear polarization state and wavelength and light of which is shaped by aspheric mirrors and then combined by step mirrors; a color wheel having a few of fan-shaped sections inlaid with fluorescent powder layers and being excited by linearly polarized light of the excitation light source to emit green light and red light; 1/4 wave plates inlaid in a few of the fan-shaped sections of the color wheel and only usable for excitation light wavelength; a polarized beam splitter (PBS) used for reflection excitation light polarized in a certain direction and total transmission of light reflected back from the color wheel; and an aspheric focusing lens assembly used for focusing of the excitation light source. The laser projection light source of the utility model adopts the combination of the polarized beam splitter and the 1/4 wave plates, thereby simplifying a light source system light path, decreasing the size, and improving the light effect.


This paper documents the effect of implementation of an ERP system within a firm and its impact on supply chain system .Supply chain design is becoming a core competency, and the enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is expected to be an integral component of supply chain management (SCM). Although an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software provides different tools that can support supply chain integration but at the same time it has several features that obstruct the integration with various business functions. Installing an ERP system is, however, expensive and risky. IT managers must decide how to use their limited resources and invest in the right product. Another important aspect that has been highlighted is impact of forecasting in supply chain. Although the effect seems to be broad but has its


Background. Cam-driven machines are frequently manufactured with the intent that they be installed in many different end applications, each with its own natural frequencies. A cam-driven component that performs well in one end application can excite obnoxious or damaging vibrations in another. Method of Approach. A Lagrange multiplier technique is presented that optimally modifies follower motion such that unwanted inertia force frequencies are suppressed. Results. An example problem illustrates the method and presents results. Conclusions. The technique provides a robust customization procedure, permitting the use of a cam-driven component in a wider variety of end applications.


Introduction Major head and neck surgeries especially in difficult airway patients have a great hazard for post-operative laryngo-pharyngeal oedema and airway obstruction. In this prospective study, mannitol was administrated intra-operatively in an attempt to reduce airway oedema and hence post-extubation airway collapse and obstruction. Materials and methods Two hundred patients undergoing maxillofacial and radical neck surgeries were randomly allocated into the following two equal groups: (1) Group M: in which 0.25 gm /kg mannitol was given after intubation and 30 minutes before the end of surgery. (2) Group C: in which similar volume of the infused mannitol but lactated Ringer was given in the same time points. Cuff-air leak test, flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopic assessment of the upper airway before extubation, post-extubation clinical evaluation of upper airway obstruction and incidence of post-extubation stridor have been conducted to evaluate airway oedema. Results The total mean cuff-leak volume was significantly higher in Group M than in the Group C. The incidence of moderate upper airway lesion was statistically significant lower in mannitol group than in control group. The incidence of post-extubation stridor (after failed cuff-leak test was 4/17 (24%) in the mannitol group and 6/26 (23%) in the control group after passed cuff-leak test it was 2/83 (0.02%) in the mannitol group and 4/74 (.05%) in the control group). Conclusion Pre-emptive use of mannitol in maxillo-facial and radical neck surgeries is effective and nearly side effect free to reduce airway oedema and post-extubation airway obstruction.


The slow but steady ending of Moore's Law indicates the end of an era in which the increase of computational performance was mainly due to technology downscaling. On the other hand, expectations on integrated circuit industry are rising with tremendous speed. The promises of deep learning, big data, internet-of-things, autonomous driving, cryptocurrencies, wearables and many others demands solutions that take todays technologies to its borders. This motivated vast amount of research on novel emerging technologies, with promising and outstanding characteristics.


The objective of this study is to analyze contact conditions of the posterior stabilizer (PS) type knee prosthesis at level walking and ascending stairs using a 3D mathematical model. Our 3D model made it possible to reproduce comprehensive knee motion, since it included not only the tibiofemoral joint but also the patellofemoral joint. In the model, the forces of major muscles, ligaments and tendons were all taken into account. If we input the data of muscle forces, floor reaction forces and knee flexion angles into the model, then we could determine such variables as the relative positions between the two components, contact points and stresses between the articulating surfaces and valusvalgus and internal-external rotation angles between the tibio-femoral components. Simulation was conducted and the following results were introduced. On the patellofemoral joint, the maximum contact stress at ascending stairs was 2 times higher that that at level walking. On the tibiofemoral joint, the maximum contact stress at ascending stairs was 1.7 times higher that that at level walking. The post/cam contact occurred only at ascending stairs and the contact stress reached as much as 67.1 MPa.


In the light of the problems existing in assessment of the course of "athletic physiology" in universities at present, this article makes reflections upon the assessment mode of students for this course and takes a general survey on development of the evaluation system by comprehensively employing both the quantitative method and qualitative method. By taking into consideration of educational evaluation, it focuses on diversification, process, development and practice and sets up a set of new system of assessment and evaluation with combination of "theory, design and application", which is of great significance to promote curriculum reform of "athletic physiology", improve teaching quality and exam style and learning style as well as fulfill the teaching goal of the course.


We are steadily increasing reliance on use of Information Technology and on Artificial Intelligence in the educational processes. Artificial Intelligence provides various techniques to represent the knowledge and efficient heuristic search algorithms to store, process and retrieve the knowledge for solving complex problems that cannot be solved by conventional Information Technology applications. This paper addresses relevant Artificial Intelligence (AI) issues and their use for addressing problems in education. We have explored the issue of personalization of contents and tutoring, expert system, web based learning etc.


On-site sewage facilities (OSSF) in Sweden were investigated to check the treatment function and determine the potential for removing micropollutants (MPs). The 16 OSSFs studied included soil filtr ...


Theorem 1.1 (Greenberg, Montalbán and Slaman, and). (1) For the countable structures of partial ordering language, there is a linear ordering structure M so that Spec∼=,h(M) = {y | y is not hyperarithmetic}. (2) Assume that ω1 is inaccessible. For any recursive language and any countable structure M of the language, if Spec∼=,L(M) contains all the nonconstructible reals, then it contains all the reals.


This paper explores the continued process of displacement of African Americans from a community in which they were once captive, to their dispersal throughout the southeast sections of the City, the so-called Rainier Valley, and to the inner suburbs of Renton and Kent, once working and middle class communities in which African Americans could not safely walk after dark. The disruption, displacement and transformation of the Central Area and its African American residents is not unlike the story of many American cities. Traditionally the most marginalized of all of the nations marginalized, more and more African Americans are moving out of the urban cores, and into the inner suburbs. Harlem in New York City, Atlanta, Chicago, Cleveland, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and even southern cities such as Atlanta, to name but a few, have all seen once-shunned Negro areas become populated by the children of the white-flyers, who themselves crave the proximity, the convenience and the hipness of living close to downtowns where they work and play. Ironically, this process actually commenced around the time of the Civil Rights Movement, or as the Movement began to wound down, and has since become stable in the reality of 21st Century urban America. As for the Northwest, a recent news article reported that only Portland, Oregon, was whiter than Seattle, which it called the second whitest city in the United States. The article observed that an invasion of young, well-educated and mostly white newcomers is buying up and remaking Seattle's Central District. What had been the largest black-majority community in the Pacific Northwest has become majority white. However, unlike the cities in which African Americans are in significant numbers, Seattle and Washington State have, by any measure, relatively small minority populations. Nevertheless, Seattle presents gentrification and its issues in microcosmic dimension, in a city far less polarized racially than larger metropolitan areas east of the Mississippi river, or elsewhere in the United States. As we note elsewhere, the significantly smaller number of African Americans also suggests that the possibility of an ultimately integrated neighborhood is much greater than the typical case where segregated areas are far less polarized racially than larger metropolitan areas east of the Mississippi river, or elsewhere in the United States. As we note elsewhere, the significantly smaller number of African Americans also suggests that the possibility of an ultimately integrated neighborhood is much greater than the typical case.


As a kind of scarce natural capital, energy makes more and more obvious constraint effects on economic growth. And energy consumption is the major source of greenhouse gas emissions. This brings about the problems of the relationships among energy consumption, carbon emissions, and economic growth, which is worthy of long-term attention. This paper attempted to explore the interactive relations among American oil prices, carbon emissions, and GDP through the data analysis from 1983 to 2013. This paper adopted time series vector error correction model (VECM) approach to conduct stationarity test, cointegration test, stability test, and Granger causality test. The results indicated that, no matter in the short term or long term, oil price fluctuation is the reason why carbon emissions change, while the GDP fluctuation is not the reason for the growth of carbon emissions. The oil price impacts will have a great influence on GDP and carbon emissions in the short term, but, the in long term, the influence will tend to be gentle.


We present extensive tests of the fast action method (FAM) for recovering the past orbits of mass tracers in an expanding universe from their redshift-space coordinates at the present epoch. The tests focus on the reconstruction of present-day peculiar velocities using mock catalogues extracted from high-resolution N-body simulations. The method allows for a self-consistent treatment of redshift-space distortions by direct minimization of a modified action for a cosmological gravitating system. When applied to ideal, volume-limited catalogues, FAM recovers unbiased peculiar velocities with a one-dimensional, 1σ error of ∼220 km s−1, if velocities are smoothed on a scale of 5 h−1 Mpc. Alternatively, when no smoothing is applied, FAM predicts nearly unbiased velocities for objects residing outside the highest density regions. In this second case the 1σ error decreases to a level of ∼150 km s−1. The correlation properties of the peculiar velocity fields are also correctly recovered on scales larger than 5 h−1 Mpc. Similar results are obtained when FAM is applied to flux-limited catalogues mimicking the IRAS PSCz survey. In this case FAM reconstructs peculiar velocities with similar intrinsic random errors, while velocity–velocity correlation properties are well reproduced beyond scales of ∼8 h−1 Mpc. We also show that FAM provides better velocity predictions than other, competing methods based on linear theory or the Zel'dovich approximation. These results indicate that FAM can be successfully applied to presently available galaxy redshift surveys such as IRAS PSCz.


How to select the right suppliers has become a crucial strategic decision for manufacturing companies facing various performance measures. This study proposed a hybrid selection model integrating factor analysis, structural equation modeling (SEM), and the fuzzy Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution to (TOPSIS) design a supplier selection model. The study distilled 70 original selection criteria from the relevant literature and identified eight main influencing factors based on factor analysis. The relevance of factors was evaluated by SEM and the performance of suppliers assessed by fuzzy TOPSIS. The model was applied in a manufacturing company in China to verify its practical significance. By combining different methods, the model can select relevant and important supplier selection criteria and include unquantifiable, incomplete, and vague information in the decision model. The hybrid model merges the advantages of each method and takes into account of uncertainty associated with supplier selection process.


Objective To investigate the in vitro inhibitory effect of Treg on restraining the CTL's anti-gastric cancer perforin and IFN-γ releasing.Methods MFC tumor killing system was established in vitro with CTL.Treg in different dosages(0.5×105 to 50.0×105)was added.The inhibitory effect wag studied by monitoring the changes of perforin and IFN-γ.Results The killing effect was obviously suppressed when Treg reached the amount of 5.0×105.Levels of perforin and IFN-γ were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion Treg can suppress antitumor effect of CTL by restraining perforin and IFN-γ releasing.

Key words:
Gastric carcinoma; Perfotin; INF-γ


VOT patterns were investigated in the production of three Lebanese–English bilinguals' aged 5, 7, and 10, six aged‐matched monolingual controls from the bilinguals' immediate communities, and the parents of bilinguals and monolinguals. The aim was to examine the extent to which children exposed to two languages acquire separate VOT patterns for each language and to determine the factors that affect such acquisition. Results showed that VOT patterns for each bilingual child differed significantly across the two languages. But while the contrast in English resembled a monolingual‐like model, that for Arabic exhibited persisting developmental features; explanations were offered in terms of the relationship between input and complexity of voicing lead production. Evidence was used from developmental changes that were noted for two of the bilingual subjects over a period of 18 months. English code‐switches produced by the bilinguals during Arabic sessions exhibited different VOT patterns from those produced du...


Objective:To observe the improvement in activities of daily living(ADL) for the hand-injured patients with adjunctive gloves.Methods:Forty patients were divided into experimental group and control group randomly.Two groups received rehabilitative training once a day,five times a week.The patients in the experimental group wore self-made adjunctive gloves 15 minutes every time combined with rehabilitation training,and the patients in control group received rehabilitative training only.Simple test for evaluating hand function(STEF,handling 70mm big ball and square block of wood),and Milliken ADL(ten activities),and the ability of putting a fine metal of 2 mm diameter into a perforated board were evaluated before and after twenty times of rehabilitation.Results:The assessing indicators in the two groups were all improved,and the patients in experimental group showed more marked improvement than controls(P 0.05) except bottle opening(P 0.05).Conclusion:Wearing self-made adjunctive gloves can improve ADL for hand-injured patients.


The Winter 1995 issue of Canadian Foreign Policy contained my essay entitled "Creating a Canadian Foreign Intelligence Service", essentially an agency that would clandestinely collect intelligence ...


For the Space Interferometry Mission (SIM) Spectrum Calibration Development Unit (SCDU) testbed, wideband white light is used to simulate starlight. The white light source mount requires extremely stable pointing accuracy (<3.2 microradians). To meet this and other needs, the laser light from a single-mode fiber was combined, through a beam splitter window with special coating from broadband wavelengths, with light from multimode fiber. Both lights were coupled to a photonic crystal fiber (PCF). In many optical systems, simulating a point star with broadband spectrum with stability of microradians for white light interferometry is a challenge. In this case, the cameras use the white light interference to balance two optical paths, and to maintain close tracking. In order to coarse align the optical paths, a laser light is sent into the system to allow tracking of fringes because a narrow band laser has a great range of interference. The design requirements forced the innovators to use a new type of optical fiber, and to take a large amount of care in aligning the input sources. The testbed required better than 1% throughput, or enough output power on the lowest spectrum to be detectable by the CCD camera (6 nW at camera). The system needed to be vacuum-compatible and to have the capability for combining a visible laser light at any time for calibration purposes. The red laser is a commercially produced 635-nm laser 5-mW diode, and the white light source is a commercially produced tungsten halogen lamp that gives a broad spectrum of about 525 to 800 nm full width at half maximum (FWHM), with about 1.4 mW of power at 630 nm. A custom-made beam splitter window with special coating for broadband wavelengths is used with the white light input via a 50-mm multi-mode fiber. The large mode area PCF is an LMA-8 made by Crystal Fibre (core diameter of 8.5 mm, mode field diameter of 6 mm, and numerical aperture at 625 nm of 0.083). Any science interferometer that needs a tracking laser fringe to assist in alignment can use this system.


Background: COVID-19 preventive behavior plays a role in reducing infection rates and controlling the spread of the disease. In order to optimize the behavior of preventing COVID-19 in the Pacar Keling Sub-district, Tambaksari District, a health promotion program is needed by involving the active participation of the community, so that the community is able to overcome health problems with their existing potential. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the increase before and after being given knowledge and skills on how to communicate effectively when socializing the 5M health protocol, planning and evaluating in conducting socialization activities and how to carry out continuous surveillance on Wani Ngandani cadres as well as increasing knowledge related to health protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic for webinars. Methods: In each activity, 1-3 and RTL Webinar, Pre-test, and Post-test data are collected to measure the level of knowledge of participants. A paired t-test is used as the data analysis to determine the difference before and after being given training. The methods applied in measuring cadre skills are presentation and role play. Meanwhile, RTL activities are held online in the form of Community Service Webinars. The materials provided in training activities 1-3 are in the form of PPT materials and manuals. Results: Based on the results of the paired t-test, it is known that there were significant differences (sig <0.05) in the results of the pre-test and post-test on the four training activities. Conclusion: This program was effective and its implementation has succeeded in achieving the expected target and there has been a strengthening of knowledge in the community.


Abstract Alkylation of cyclic secondary amines, thiols, and pyridazinones has been demonstrated with alkyl halides using Triton B as base and reaction medium.


The researches in earth sciences generats extremely huge data named as Earth Data that has been required to be shared in Internet. This paper firstly analyses the problems during the procession of Earth Data information, then introduces XML Web Service and its related technology such as XML, SOAP, WSDL and UDDI as well as puts forward a model of Earth Data share based on XML web service. Finally, with an testing case to show that XML Web Service is an ideal choice to realize the global Earth Data share.


ABSTRACT

Lingga Perwira 8215099334. The Influence Of Advertising And Pricing On Purchasing Decision At PT Jalur Nugraha Ekakurir Depok Branch. Thesis, Jakarta: Study Program of S1 Management, Faculty of Economic, State University of Jakarta, January 2012.

The purpose of this study is to describe clearly about advertising, pricing, purchasing decisions to PT JNE. Measure how the influence of advertising on purchase decisions, this study also measured how the influence of pricing to purchasing decision, besides this research also measure how the effect is joint between advertising and pricing to purchasing decision to PT JNE. This study used descriptive and causal. The samples taken are users JNE amount of 141 respondents. Promotional activities applied by PT. JNE one of which is advertising. Currently JNE has done advertising, such as providing brochures to
customers, banners, billboards. JNE pricing based on service type, the destination will be sent, and the weight of the goods. Results of hypothesis testing through t test shows the influence of advertising variable to variable purchase decision, the effect pricing variable to the purchasing decision, while F test show advertising and pricing jointly influence to the purchasing decisions. Based on the determination of the coefficient of 35.1%. then the variation of 35.1% of the purchase decision is determined by a variable advertising and price.

Key word: Advertising, pricing, purchasing decisions


The invention relates to a high-voltage user photovoltaic power generation electric energy metering system and a method of the high-voltage user photovoltaic power generation electric energy metering system. The system comprises a photovoltaic array, a direct current confluence device, a direct current electric energy meter, a grid-connected inverter, a step-up transformer, an alternating current voltage transformer, an alternating current transformer, an alternating current electric energy meter, electricity consumption information acquisition equipment and a control computer. When the output of the grid-connected inverter is greater than the demand of user load, the reverse electric quantity of excess electric quantity output by the grid-connected inverter is recorded through the alternating current electric energy meter; and when the output of the grid-connected inverter is less than the demand of the user load, the insufficient load of the user is extracted from a power supply high-voltage bus through the alternating current electric energy meter, forward electric quantity is recorded by the alternating current electric energy meter, the direct current electric energy data is compared with the reverse alternating current electric energy data, and electricity utilization supervisory personnel are timely reminded and suspicious electricity stealing accidents for cheating photovoltaic power generation allowance are timely supervised when abnormal conditions occur.


Socially significant diseases are preceded by changes in metabolism, oxidative stress and changes in the vascular wall of the arteries leading to poor blood supply to the organs, insufficient oxygen to the organs or thrombosis. Prevention of these diseases involves clarifying genetic predispositions and changing lifestyles (diet and physical activity). Nutrition is a major social problem in the presence of a lot of aggression in the food industry and the supply of very low-quality food. The homeland of Aronia bushes is North America. The fruits of this plant have been known for their medicinal properties since ancient times. Today, we rediscover this fruit as a true, useful food, which has, so far, been only incidentally sought in states of disease coming close to the incurable ones. The current research points to the necessity of including this food in our daily diet as a grace to the healthy lifestyle. Epidemiological studies and associated meta-analyses strongly suggest that long-term diets rich in plant polyphenols offer protection against development of cancers, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis and neurodegenerative diseases. The aronia fruit can be consumed as fresh fruit, cold pressed juice from fresh fruits or the so-called "fruit" wine, dried (in the form of flour) or frozen [1,2].


This research investigates the possibility to improve current teleoperation control for heterogeneous robot teams using modern Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) techniques such as Virtual Reality. It proposes a dynamic teleoperation Virtual Reality User Interface (VRUI) framework to improve the current approach to teleoperating heterogeneous robot teams.


Multi-GPU systems are considered as one of the most promising scalable accelerator systems. There have been several studies that tackled communication and scheduling efficiencies with a small-scale multi-GPU system (mostly with four GPU modules). In this paper, we examine scalability by increasing the number of GPUs. Our observations show that multi-GPU systems are yet to be scalable, mainly due to Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) effects; furthermore, the state-of-the-art aggressive page distribution is one of the main reasons that increase slow remote accesses.


Background: Symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) can overlap. We aimed to determine the accuracy of fecal markers, C‐reactive protein (CRP), blood leukocytes, and antibody panels for discriminating IBD from IBS and to define a "best test." Methods: We prospectively included 64 patients with IBD (36 Crohn's disease [CD], 28 ulcerative colitis [UC]), 30 with IBS, and 42 healthy controls. Besides CRP and blood leukocytes, blinded fecal samples were measured for calprotectin (PhiCal Test, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]), lactoferrin (IBD‐SCAN, ELISA), Hexagon‐OBTI (immunochromatographic test for detection of human hemoglobin), and LEUKO‐TEST (lactoferrin latex‐agglutination test). Blinded serum samples were measured for the antibodies ASCA (ELISA) and pANCA (immunofluorescence). Results: Overall accuracy of tests for discriminating IBD from IBS: IBD‐SCAN 90%, PhiCal Test 89%, LEUKO‐TEST 78%, Hexagon‐OBTI 74%, CRP 73%, blood leukocytes 63%, CD antibodies (ASCA+/pANCA− or ASCA+/pANCA+) 55%, UC antibodies (pANCA+/ASCA−) 49%. ASCA and pANCA had an accuracy of 78% for detecting CD and 75% for detecting UC, respectively. The overall accuracy of IBD‐SCAN and PhiCal Test combined with ASCA/pANCA for discriminating IBD from IBS was 92% and 91%, respectively. Conclusions: The PhiCal Test and IBD‐SCAN are highly accurate for discriminating IBD from IBS. There is only marginal additional diagnostic accuracy when the PhiCal Test and IBD‐SCAN are combined with ASCA and pANCA. ASCA and pANCA have a high specificity for IBD.


A route to high-purity nanocrystalline diamond films from C2 dimers and related mechanisms have been investigated by enhancing C2 growth chemistry in Ar-rich microwave plasmas. Efficient C2 production by direct dissociation from acetylene causes the micro- to nanocrystal transition with a low threshold Ar concentration of ∼70% and produces films of ∼20nm grains with a distinct visible-Raman peak of diamond. C2 grows nanodiamond on diamond surfaces but rarely initiates nucleation on foreign surfaces. The phase purity can be improved by increasing the dominance of nanodiamond growth from C2 over nondiamond growth from CHx(x=0–3) and large radicals.


In discourse, frequently the truth value of a proposition is an issue under discussion. When speakers determine the actual truth value of an issue, they often mark this with phonetic focus on the finite verb. The phonetic focus in these utterances is argued to be a contrastive marking, signaling a contrast between the unspecified modality of some information in an earlier state and the determined truth value.


Compared with other projects, information technology (IT) projects are unique, which are characterized by emergency, uniqueness, one shot, short term and uncertainty. To implement an IT project successfully, problems in the IT project management must be found, analyzed and solved and there must be successful project management and management innovation as well. Then, what are the major problems in IT project management? Who can conduct IT project management successfully? How to conduct IT project management successfully? How to innovate IT project management? This paper discusses all these questions. And on the basis of the above, it also draws the following conclusion: The project managers play a key role in both implementing and controlling stages of IT projects. The project managers should regard IT project management as a system, deal with various relationships with the parties concerned in the system well, and conduct management innovation. By adequate communication channels, the project managers should communicate with all the stakeholders, i.e. the factors in the system, including the client, the management, and the team members to know their requirements, needs and the problems respectively. Only by so doing, can they give satisfactory responsiveness to the client, get support from the management, lead and control the team outstandingly, and make the team work efficiently. While by management innovation, the project managers can make all the factors in their management system interact effectively and efficiently with each other to create a synergy effect. Only by so doing, can the IT project management be successful, and finally, can the IT projects be implemented successfully.


Han-Bok presents a unique consumption ex-perience different from Western dress which is common to our clothing life. This study is intended to propose the necessity of broad-ening deepening and systematizing a research related to the social aspects of Han-bok. A questionnaire consisted of 10 stateme...