ROSMENDA GINTING:Mapping of Nitrogen and C-Orgnic status on Pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr) plantations owned by people at the village of Panribuan Subdistrict of Dolok Silau Simalungun District superinted by Ir. Razali, MP. And Prof.Ir. Zulkifli Nasution, M. Sc.,Ph.D. This research purpose to make a mapping of Nitrogen and C-Orgnic status on Pineapple plantations owned by people at the village of Panribuan Subdistrict of Dolok Silau Simalungun District The research start to do on October 2012 until January 2013. Method of taking sample uses the free method grid survey with detail scale and use correlation method to analysis data, with interpretating in mapping Nitrogen and C-Organic. Parameter that analysis in laboratory is Nitrogen and C-Orgnic status. The result of research showing that status Nitrogen devided by 1 status such as; medium (35,44 ha), C-Organic devided by 4 status such as ; Low (0,19 ha), Medium (1,01 ha), high (12,89 ha), and highest (21,35 ha).C/N devided by 3 status such as ; Low (1,95 ha), Medium (11,70 ha) and high (21,79 ha). From the analysis data using correlation method, known that the no effect on the production are Nitrogen and C-Organic but that effect are C/N. Key words: Mapping, Nitrogen, C-Organic and C/N


The far‐right recently entered the Portuguese parliament with the election of André Ventura, leader of the political party Chega. Since 2019, Chega has grown exponentially and has become the third political force. This study aimed to explore how Ventura represents different members of Portuguese society. We examine what meanings are reproduced to configure social representations about different category groups, adopting Critical Discourse Analysis tools to explore how they were mobilised as legitimate. We analysed 253 posts shared by Ventura on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram from the 22nd of December 2020 to the 22nd of January 2021, a month before the 2021 presidential elections. Our analysis suggests that Ventura represents a reality in which only he can save the "good Portuguese" from the threats of three main enemies: Roma people, Black people, and so‐called "antifascist" activists. We discuss how those representations relate to what has been found in other contexts and their implications for the promotion of discrimination and marginalisation of these groups in Portugal. We also point out the potential benefits of integrating Critical Discourse Analysis methodological tools for the development of the Theory of Social Representations. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.


Occupational injuries are a major cause of mortality and morbidity in New Zealand. Despite this, existing national data systems are not easily manipulated to produce occupational injury statistics. No detailed national statistics on occupational injuries have been produced since 1983. There is a need for data on these injuries for research, surveillance, intervention, identification and development, evaluation and planning. This paper highlights the limitations of New Zealand's national data systems for the production of occupational injury statistics.


The increasing complexity of modern engineering systems will correspondingly increase the possibility of system faults and/or failures. The occurrence of sensor, actuator, and/or component failures may dramatically degrade system performance and even result in catastrophic system collapse. As a response to high requirement for system safety, reliability, and survivability, fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control (FTC) for dynamic systems have been attractive subjects of many investigations in control community and have received considerable attention during the past few decades, and a great deal of research progress has been made. The articles in this special issue speak on recent development of fault detection, estimation/reconstruction, and faulttolerant control as well as their applications. The following sections briefly explain the outcome of published articles in this special issue.They are divided into five key research areas based on publications.


Advanced polymeric composites are playing a major role in designing high-performance and lightweight vertical lift structures. However, uncertain residual strength and remaining useful life of the composite rotor and airframe structures due to complexity of failure mechanisms and susceptibility
 to manufacturing irregularities, which may be precursors to structural damage, impose risks that cannot be mitigated exclusively by time-consuming and costly experimental iterations. Validated analysis techniques accelerating design, certification, and qualification of composite structures
 are needed. Our team has been taking essential steps toward improving confidence in material qualification for laminated composites. The first step started with our reduced lamina test methods, short-beam shear, and small-plate twist based on digital image correlation measuring as a subset
 the standard material properties and, in addition, key properties that cannot be currently measured using any standard test methods. The lamina properties provide essential material input data for laminate analysis. The laminate analysis was the second step increasing confidence in material
 qualification. A known weakness of the existing progressive damage analysis methods is the lack of effective techniques to predict ultimate failure. The newly developed methodology relies on explicit finite element modeling and eliminates convergence issues in the ply-level progressive damage
 analysis methods due to severe nonlinear discontinuities after propagation of damage beyond detectable size. This work shows results of applying this methodology to nanosilica-toughened IM7/PMT-F3GHT open-hole tension strength/fatigue, open-hole compression strength/fatigue, and bearing strength
 multidirectional laminate configurations. The ability to predict progression of damage from initiation to ultimate strength and fatigue for advanced material systems including IM7/PMT-F3GHT carbon/epoxy reinforced by nanosilica has been demonstrated for the first time.


INTRODUCTION Experimental evidence has been recently accumulated suggesting that dreams represent a partial perception of the visual concomitants of a potentially continuously ongoing process of encoding longterm memories (Torda ( 1967 a, b, 1968 a, b, c, 1969 a, b) ). Dreams appear to be memory traces of old and new events woven into ever changing stories under emotional impact. The manifest content of dreams is heavily loaded with percepts originating in recent daily experiences (Greenberg & Leidcrman ( 1966) ). In order to gain a better understanding of the nature of dreams, it occurred, therefore, to study the dreams of subjects with amnesia for recent events.


Universitat Osna brack, Fach bereich BiologieKhemie, Abtei I ung Mikrobiologie, D-49069 A clinical isolate of Aeromonas hydrophila was demonstrated to transport [14C]maltose with similar kinetics to enteric bacteria (K,,,: 0.3 pM; VM: 22 nmol min-l per lo9 cells). The uptake of [14C]maltose was completely inhibited in the OsnabrUck,-FRG presence of unlabelled maltose or maltodextrins, whereas other monoand disaccharides, such as glucose, galactose, sucrose, lactose or melibiose, had no effect. A protein with an apparent molecular mass of 39 kDa (maltose-binding protein; MBP) was identified in osmotic-shock fluid of maltose-grown cells by SDS-gel electrophoresis, and was purified to homogeneity by either amylose affinity chromatography or ion-exchange chromatography. Equilibrium dialysis experiments revealed the ability of the purified protein to bind [14C]maltose with high affinity (KD = 1.6 pM). Unlabelled maltose and maltodextrins competed for the binding site. In a reconstitution experiment, A. hydrophila MBP poorly restored the transport activity of a binding-proteindeficient Escherichia coli (AmalE) mutant. N-terminal sequence analyses of the purified native protein and of peptides generated by cleavage with CNBr and subsequently separated by HPLC revealed about 56 O/ O identical amino acid residues, as compared to enterobacterial MBPs. We conclude that maltose is transported into A. hydrophila via a binding-protein-dependent transport system.


Businesses need to stay ahead of the game and go further than staff if they wish to keep their finger on the pulse and remain secure when it comes to IT on the move. Who is tied to their desk today? Mobility now spans just about every aspect of enterprise IT and is no longer confined to field roles such as onsite maintenance or travelling sales. Now that so many employees have their own laptops and tablets, which are often more up to date and capable than devices they have been issued with at work, there is growing pressure for enterprises to adopt bring your own device (BYOD) strategies instead of providing standard pieces of hardware and software to their users.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to medical equipment. Ophthalmological device contains ophthalmological lens with front and back surfaces; and one or some haptic elements, connected to ophthalmological lens. One of either back or front surfaces is made of such a shape that ophthalmological lens is configured as aspherical lens. One of back or front surface is made of such a shape that ophthalmological lens is configured as toroidal lens. Ophthalmological lens has selected edge thickness on 45-degree meridian within the range from 0.2 and 0.3 mm, and is periodically changed on toroidal lens. Edge thickness is changed in sinusoidal way. EFFECT: application of invention makes it possible to better restore vision in some range of distance to subject without its worsening in any part - of this range. 13 cl, 20 dwg, 1 tbl


ABSTRACT Between 50 and 125 million Europeans are unable to afford the energy needed for adequate heating, cooking, light and use of appliances in the home. Tackling fuel poverty has thus become a public policy challenge. In this article, we assess the effectiveness of social energy subsidies and social housing to reduce fuel poverty. The literature reports that rising fuel prices, low incomes and energy-inefficient housing are the main causes of fuel poverty. Existing public policies focus mainly on price- and income-based measures to reduce fuel poverty, such as social energy subsidies. This type of policy is palliative as it does not permit to sustainably eradicate fuel poverty. Other policies aim to encourage renovation in order to improve energy efficiency. Those policies are curative as they sustainably reduce one cause of fuel poverty: energy inefficiency. In this article, we focus on another public policy to tackle fuel poverty: social housing. We believe that this policy could be preventive, as the literature reports the better energy efficiency of social housing. We use matching methods and find that living in social housing decreases fuel poverty by 5.4% to 9.1%. On the contrary, social energy subsidies have no effect on fuel poverty.


Suspension dampers are extremely critical for modern automobiles for absorbing vibrational energy while in operation. For years now, the viscous passive damper has been dominant. However, there is a constant need to improve and revolutionize the damping technology to adapt to modern road conditions and for better performance. Controlled shock absorbers capable of adapting to uneven road profiles are required to meet this challenge and enhance the passenger comfort level. Among the many types of modern damping solutions, magnetorheological (MR) dampers have gained prominence, considering their damping force control capability, fast adjustable response, and low energy consumption. Advancements in energy-harvesting technologies allow for the regeneration of a portion of energy dissipated in automotive dampers. While the amount of regenerated energy is often insufficient for regular automobiles, it could prove to be vital to support lightweight battery-operated vehicles. In battery-operated vehicles, this regenerated energy can be used for powering several secondary systems, including lighting, heating, air conditioning, and so on. This research focuses on developing a hybrid smart suspension system that combines the MR damping technology along with an electromagnetic induction (EMI)-based energy-harvesting system for applications in lightweight battery-operated vehicles. The research involves the extensive designing, numerical simulation, fabrication, and testing of the proposed smart suspension system. The development of the proposed damping system would help advance the harvesting of clean energy and enhance the performance and affordability of future battery-operated vehicles.


Book reviewed in this article:

Aaron L. Friedberg, In the Shadow of the Garrison State: America's Antistatism and its Cold War Grand Strategy


According to the contents of heavy metal in soil sampled from five main soybean croplands in Jilin province,the article assesses the level of heavy metal pollution in soil according to "the quality standard of soil environment"(GB 15618-95)issued by China The analysis result indicates that the contents of copper and nickel in the Dunhua's soybean cropland and the contents of copper in Huadian's cropland exceed the criteria,but the pollution is not much The index of heavy metal pollution in soil in other area is less than 1,or soil almost was n't polluted by heavy metal


Introduction Fifty years after Gandhi wrote the words above, India embarked on what may prove to be one of the most significant changes in its structures of governance, the 73rd and 74th amendments to the Constitution of India, which give local governments, rural and urban, a legal status that they formerly lacked. If these institutional reforms towards greater decentralization of governance do support the more efficient provision of public or collective goods to the majority of Indians, they will be as significant as the decentralization of the provision of private goods, through the relaxation of industrial controls and other deregulation, that has been the centrepiece of Indian economic reform since 1991. While the impetus for the changes in governance has been independent of the factors that precipitated the current economic reforms, the two sets of reforms are related, both broadly in terms of the general spirit of decentralization of control over economic activity, and more specifically in the area of government finances, which have been of concern from a macroeconomic perspective, and which will be a crucial aspect to ensure the success of the decentralization of governance. In this paper, I review the developments embodied in the two constitutional amendments, and relate them to broader reform issues.


26.65 mg/dL). Urine sediment at admission was one to five red blood cells, leukocytes (20–30/µL), and positive nitrites and proteins (100–150 mg/dL) using test strips. Tacrolimus level was 12.8 ng/mL, and the patient was negative for cytomegalovirus. The results showed a BK virus charge and a nonreplicating HIV viral charge, with a CD4 level of 60 cells/μL. Upper endoscopy revealed esophageal can-didiasis and an esophageal ulcer with Epstein-Barr virus replication. In consideration of the sepsis and the potential for opportunistic infections, the mycophenolic acid and tacrolimus were temporally suspended, while the steroid dose was increased. After an initial improvement on day 10 with negative new blood


With massive data of a fermentation process, a single data-based soft-sensor modeling method suffers from heavy features and bad accuracy. A novel soft sensor using multi-model neural network (MNN) based on modified kernel fuzzy clustering is proposed. Firstly, Features of sample data are extracted using principal component analysis (PCA) and the secondary variables are determined by PCA. Secondly, a kernel fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) is applied to group the principal data into overlapping clusters, and neural network (NN) is used to construct sub-models based on the clusters. Finally, the estimation of every sub-model is fused by computing the weighted sum of the local models. The proposed modeling method is used to construct a novel soft sensor model for an erythromycin fermentation process. Case studies show that the approach has better performance compared to the conventional single model.


SUMMARY F ifty samples of ration used for feeding cattle and sheep were obtained. Also, 200 serum samples were collected from cattle and sheep (one hundred sample of each). These samples were collected from farms at Minufiya, El-Behira and Assiute governorates, in which animals (cattle and sheep) suffered from loss of weight gain, low productivity and disturbance in fertility. These samples were evaluated for mycotoxins contamination. Aflatoxins were detected in 30% of feed samples with a mean value of 3.4 ± 0.1 ppm and ochratoxins in 20% with a mean value of 2.2 ± 0.2 ppm. Whereas, T-2 toxins and zearalenone were detected in 20% and 16% of samples with a mean level of 36.0 ± 0.1 and 22 ± 0.3 ppm, respectively. Fuminosin B1 (FB1) toxin was found in only 2% of samples at mean level of 70 ± 0.01 ppm. The detection of mycotoxins in sera of diseased cattle and sheep showed that the most prevalent mycotoxins in cattle sera was aflatoxin B1, which was detected in 40% of cases with a mean level of (5.4 ± 0.1), followed by ochratoxin A in 33% of cases with a mean level of (8.2 ± 0.1), T2 in 17% with the mean level of (26 ± 0.2) and zearalenone in (10%) with a mean level of (19 ± 0.2). The lowest incidence was detected in cases of FB1, which was measured in 2% of cattle cases with a mean levels of (55 ± 0.6). Also, the pattern of incidence of mycotoxins in sheep sera was nearly similar to those in cattle with the exception that the FB1 not detected at all in sheep. The mycotoxins, aflatoxin, ochratoxin and zearalenone was given to male albino rats in the doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.5 ppm in feeds (respectively), for up to 6 months of age to investigate their effects on the growth rates and hormones regulating fertility (FSH, LH, Testosterone, T3 and T4). The results indicated the obvious adverse effects of mycotoxins on the secretion of these hormones and productivity of animals. The environmental pollutions particularly feed contamination was suggested to be the main source of the problem. Hence, regulatory measures must be undertaken to prevent reaching of such contaminants to the feed of animals. The significance of the present results was fully discussed.


Observations of HZ Her/Her X-1 by the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer during High State X-ray eclipses are analyzed. After a sharp ingress caused by the neutron star receding behind the companion star HZ Her, X-ray flux smoothly declines to a minimum at mid-eclipse. It then increases smoothly until egress. The mid-eclipse flux implies an extended emission region around the neutron star that is larger than that of HZ Her. The constancy of the X-ray softness ratio is consistent with electron scattering by an ionized corona. The corona is modeled as spherically symmetric with a power-law density profile. We find a best fit of ∝r−1.25 with a normalization of ≃ 1012 cm−3 at r = 2 × 1010 cm. The corona could either be in hydrostatic equilibrium, with heating by Compton scattering, a fast outflow, with a high mass-loss rate of ∼1018 gm s−1, or a hybrid, with an inner hydrostatic region and outer slow flow with a low mass-loss rate. A brightening at orbital phase 0.94 is suggested to be caused by the impact of the accretion stream with the accretion disk.


 The velocity fields induced by regular breaking waves past a fixed bar on a 1:10 rigid plane slope were measured and analysed using a volumetric particle-tracking velocimetry system.  The linear momentum is generally positive during breaking (transfer toward the crest) and negative immediately after breaking (transfer from the crest toward the underlying flow field).  The average pressure gradient during breaking influences the profile of the breaker.


Video games have grown into a global industry today with games routinely localised into an increasing range of languages. Despite the quality control processes in game localisation, target players often find localised games to be lackluster, as if they were an afterthought. Given the generally accepted view of games as a cultural product, the cause for lackluster player perceptions may be linked to cultural assumptions embedded in the original game design itself. Using a pilot empirical study to gain access to the player experience of a localised Japanese video game Ico, this paper seeks to examine such cultural influences in game design affecting the overall game play experience of localised games. A play trajectory, a game log and a player interview provide rich data for a qualitative analysis, pointing to potential areas of cultural impact in game design, affecting the player experience of the localised game. The study suggests that a similar empirical method focusing on the player can be developed into a potentially productive approach informing a cross-cultural game design. 1. Background to localisation Despite the fact that video games have grown into a global industry (Chandler, 2005) the process of game localisation remains relatively little known beyond the closed circle of stakeholders in a similar manner as the localisation sector on the whole (Dunne, 2006:1). Localisation is an essential process to enable video games to be playable in different markets, referred to as territories in the game industry, than the country of origin. Today's video games are essentially a piece of software and thus game localisation 212 shares many commonalities with software localisation. The need for 'localisation' beyond translation arose due to the shift to an electronic medium in which the text subject to translation is couched. To turn software from one language version to another calls for extra technical processes such as extraction and reintegration of text fragments (known as " strings ") and testing to ensure that the localised software functions properly and all linguistic conversions fit both semantically and in the space allocated. Localisation entails adapting products in electronic form to make them " linguistically and culturally appropriate for a particular local market " (Esselink, 1998:2). The adaptive inclination is particularly pronounced with game localisation, given its purpose as a means of entertainment with the ultimate goal of localisation being to recreate a pleasurable player experience. Localised versions may have newly added features which were …


Abstract The integration of financial markets is an ongoing process throughout the world. Research shows that, from Australia through Europe to the United States, the capital and real estate markets are integrating, influencing each other. Although this process seems obvious, only research can show whether it actually occurs. Identifying these relationships is important for analyzing the entire market. Many methods, such as estimating the cost of equity, have been developed with the stock market in mind. Meanwhile, real estate valuation requires the cost of equity. Market integration is the rationale for using equity market methods on the real estate market. Aim of the work - the research is aimed at verifying whether there is cointegration between the secondary housing market and the stock market. A research hypothesis was put forward: the stock market and secondary housing market are integrated. Research methodology - the study used co-integration analysis using the Engle-Granger test. The study was conducted in the period from the third quarter of 2006 to the fourth quarter of 2018. Result - The tests carried out showed the existence of co-integration in one out of 36 cases for the explanatory variable - the delayed WIG index and the explained variable in the average price of residential real estate on the secondary market for the 7 largest Polish cities. Originality / Value - demonstrating the co-integration of markets justifies the use of analytical methods developed for stock markets on real estate markets. The research has no equivalent study on the Polish market. Similar analyses were carried out, but not for the stock and real estate market.


Precision x-ray measurements of the motions of the atoms in LaCo${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ every 50\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C from room temperature to 1000\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C indicate that the crystal space group is $R\overline{3}c$ below 375\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C and $R\overline{3}$ above 375\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. In the symmetry $R\overline{3}$ there are two distinguishable octahedral cobalt positions, ${\mathrm{Co}}_{\mathrm{I}}$ having larger crystalline fields than ${\mathrm{Co}}_{\mathrm{II}}$. Since high- and low-spin cobalt ions are simultaneously present, this indicates preferential long-range ordering of low-spin cobalt at ${\mathrm{Co}}_{\mathrm{I}}$ sites, and of high-spin cobalt at ${\mathrm{Co}}_{\mathrm{II}}$ sites for $Tg375$\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. Calorimetric data show a first-order transition at ${T}_{t}=937$\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C and a higher order transition in the temperature interval $125lTl375$\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, which is also manifest in a large Debye-Waller factor in this interval and in a plateau in the curve of reciprocal susceptibility versus temperature. At about 650\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C there is some evidence, from differential thermal-analysis data, of another higher order transition. The electrical conductivity increases with increasing temperature below 650\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, but much more rapidly in the interval $125lTl650$\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C than below 125\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. It is nearly temperature-independent in the interval $650lTl937$\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C and is continuous through the first-order transition. However, above 937\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C the resistivity increases with temperature as in a metal. The space group remains $R\overline{3}$ and the pseudocubic cell edge is continuous through the first-order phase change, but the rhombohedral angle drops abruptly from 60.4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and the ${\mathrm{La}}^{3+}$ ions are shifted discontinously along the $c$ axis toward a ${\mathrm{Co}}_{\mathrm{I}}$ ion. Similar ${\mathrm{La}}^{3+}$-ion displacements occur in the temperature interval $400lTl650$\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The Debye-Waller factor decreases by an order of magnitude on going to the high-temperature phase. It is pointed out that crystal-field and band theory should describe two different thermodynamic states of electrons: localized and collective. The data are interpreted to indicate (1) that the first-order phase change at ${T}_{t}=937$\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C is a localized-electron $\ensuremath{\leftrightarrows}$ collective-electron phase change for electrons in orbitals of ${e}_{g}$ symmetry, higher temperatures introducing a Fermi surface and partial disproportionation between high- and low-spin cations at ${\mathrm{Co}}_{\mathrm{II}}$ and ${\mathrm{Co}}_{\mathrm{I}}$ positions; (2) that the number of charge carriers is constant through the transition, because the number of localized charge carriers is saturated below ${T}_{t}$ and just above ${T}_{t}$ the bandwidth of the collective-electron states is $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\epsilon}lk{T}_{t}$; (3) that the mobilities of the charge carriers are also continuous through the transition, the activation energy for a localized-electron hop becoming $\ensuremath{\ll}\mathrm{kT}$ at $T\ensuremath{\le}937$\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C; (4) that the higher-order transition in the interval $125lTl375$\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C represents a region of short-range order, the ordered phase occurring at higher temperatures where the populations of high- and low-spin cobalt ions approach one another; and (5) that exciton transfer is an important mechanism in LaCo${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$.


At JET, the potential of fast image processing for real-time purposes is thoroughly investigated. Particular attention is devoted to smart sensors based on system on chip technology. The data of the infrared cameras were processed with a chip implementing a cellular nonlinear network (CNN) structure so as to support and complement the magnetic diagnostics in the real-time localization of the strike-point position in the divertor. The circuit consists of two layers of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor components, the first being the sensor and the second implementing the actual CNN. This innovative hardware has made it possible to determine the position of the maximum thermal load with a time resolution of the order of 30 ms. Good congruency has been found with the measurement from the thermocouples in the divertor, proving the potential of the infrared data in locating the region of the maximum thermal load. The results are also confirmed by JET magnetic codes, both those used for the equilibrium reconstructions and those devoted to the identification of the plasma boundary.


Experimental results were reported in the literature on the interface slip behavior of the steel rein-forced concrete bending members.The curve line of the load-slip at the beam end is established through experi-mental research,a differential equation is established for the interface slip and a calculating formula is estab-lished for the interface slip through theoretical analysis.A good agreement is obtained between the calculating results and the experimental results.


In this paper, we propose an $(s+d,d)$-abacus for $(s,s+d,\dots,s+pd)$-core partitions and establish a bijection between the $(s,s+d,\dots,s+pd)$-core partitions and the rational Motzkin paths of type $(s+d,-d)$. This result not only gives a lattice path interpretation of the $(s,s+d,\dots,s+pd)$-core partitions but also counts them with a closed formula. Also we enumerate $(s,s+1,\dots,s+p)$-core partitions with $k$ corners and self-conjugate $(s,s+1,\dots,s+p)$-core partitions.


Thick loess deposits interbedded w ith paleosols in the interm ountain valleys o f Tafi (Tucuman province) and B alcozna (C atam arca province) in north w estern A rgentina w ere assigned to late Pleistocene age on the basis o f radiocar bon, biostratigraphic and soil evidence. The m echanism s o f loess transport and soil form ation are related to recurrent northward shifts o f the polar front, w ith a tem po ral frequency that is in phase w ith the D ansgaard-O erscher cycles. In the w estern Chaco plain, paleosol sequences developed during the H olocene show a general coincidence w ith the cold periods o f glaciochem ical increase detected in the Greenland G ISP2 ice core. M oreover, the G reenland cold events also parallel the Holocene glacial advances in the southern Patagonian Andes. In conclusion, the regional pattern o f loess-paleosol sequences developed in the subtropical pre-Andean valleys and in the w estern Chaco plain o f northw est A rgentina during Late Pleistocene and H olocene suggests that the perturbations affecting air and ocean circulation over the N orth A tlantic m ight have also influenced the clim atic condi tions in sub-tropical South America.


The title compound, C10H9BrO, was produced via the [2 + 2]-cycloaddition reaction of 4-bromostyrene with trichloroacetyl chloride followed by dechlorination. The molecule is folded, as shown by the dihedral angle of 45.5 (7)° between the rings.


The second and final part of a revision of the subgenus Euglossella Moure in the orchid bee genus Euglossa Latreille (Apinae: Euglossini) is presented here, redefining the species groups within it to comply with current morphological and molecular phylogenetic hypotheses.  We present a fully illustrated account of the species comprising the newly defined viridis and mandibularis species groups, with comparable diagnoses for all species, keys to the new scheme of species groups within the subgenus, and keys for males and females to the species of the two groups here treated.  The viridis group as presented here is composed of 12 species, five of them newly described — Euglossa ( Euglossella ) celiae Hinojosa-Diaz & Engel, new species, E . ( E .) subandina Hinojosa-Diaz & Engel, new species, E . ( E .) cetera Hinojosa-Diaz & Engel, new species, E . ( E .) cupella Hinojosa-Diaz & Engel, new species, and E . ( E .) ashei Hinojosa-Diaz & Engel, new species — and one resurrected from synonymy as E . ( E .) azurea Ducke.  Euglossa ( Euglossella ) viridis (Perty), E . ( E .) cyanea Friese, E . ( E .) polita Ducke, E . ( E .) perviridis Dressler, E . ( E .) cyanura Cockerell, and E . ( E .) granti Cheesman comprise the remaining species within the group.  Females of E . perviridis are described for the first time.  The mandibularis group includes three species — E . ( E .) mandibularis Friese, E . ( E .) bigibba Dressler, and E . ( E .) perfulgens Moure.  In total, considering the six species previously included in the decorata group, the subgenus now includes a total of 21 species.  New country records are presented for E . viridis , E . perviridis , and E . mandibularis .  Notes on morphological variation and distribution are included as is a summary of known chemical attractants and floral substrates.


This brief paper is in response to a call for papers for the UNC/NSF Curating for Quality workshop. We describe the aspects of costs and sustainability of data curation as they pertain to data integrity.


A major portion of the project involved elucidating the relation between reactivity and the electronic structure of transition-metal (TM) clusters of 2--200 atoms, which required the construction and continuous development of two principal apparati; the Fourier Transform-Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FT-ICR) apparatus, and Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS). Together, these machines have enabled the most detailed probing of the structure and chemical reactivity of TM clusters. Clusters of all the transition metals were included in these studies. Fundamental aspects in chemisorption, reactivity, and heterogeneous catalysis have also become better understood as a result of these experiments for important classes of systems such as H{sub 2}, CO, and CO{sub 2} adsorbed onto clusters of many of the metals listed above. In particular, a correlation was found between reactivity of H{sub 2} with Fe, Co, and Ni clusters and differences between the cluster IP and EA. As recounted in a previous technical report, the DOE`s role in the initial discovery of fullerenes at Rice was central, and from the start investigations were made into metal atoms trapped in the fullerenes cage. More recently, the authors have discovered that 2--4 atoms of La, Y, or Sc can be produced by laser vaporization of composite graphite/metal-oxidemore » disks. This work was largely motivated by the prospects of using such endohedral TM metals for their catalytic activity without the well-known difficulties of effective support media and lack of control over particle size. Thus, while it will certainly be important to discover ways to efficiently scale up production (e.g., the solar generation method explored with DOE support), the efforts have concentrated more on characterization, purification, and manipulation of doped fullerenes. For the past two years, much of the group`s effort has involved the production, purification, and characterization of carbon nanotubes.« less


The go4IT! project teaches school students the basics of programming in workshops [1] using the Lego Mindstorms NXT. This hardware allows users to build a wide variety of robots and offers (among others) a C-like programming language to develop software for them. It has proven quite popular in teaching environments to introduce the basics of programming and robotics [4]. At the moment, workshop participants are generally not able to learn and try out more after the workshop ended due to limited hardware availability. This restricts the usefulness of the project, because if the participants would likely be able to learn more if they had more time to experiment with the robots. To solve this problem, the goal of this bachelor thesis is to develop a simulator that can execute compiled applications for this platform. This will allow the users to develop software using the same tools as for the actual device and then allows testing them without access to the hardware, both at school and at home.


Abstract Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been prepared with interlayer nitrate and with different Mg:Al ratios. Solids with low Mg:Al ratios show larger basal spacings than those with larger Mg:Al ratios, consistent with tilting of the nitrate ions, respectively. Nitrate/tetraborate and nitrate/silicate anionic exchange has been achieved only for those samples with "tilted" nitrate. The precise nature of the interlayer species in the exchanged samples has been concluded from MAS–NMR results. The layered structure of the exchanged samples collapses at temperatures higher than those for the nitrate-containing precursors.


Copyright is held by the author/owner(s). This paper was published in the Proceedings of the Workshop on Collaboration Meets Interactive Surfaces (CMIS): Walls, Tables, Mobiles, and Wearables at the ACM International Conference on Interactive Tabletops and Surfaces (ITS), November, 2015. Madeira, Portugal. Abstract Current collaborative solutions do enable verbal and visual communication between all participants. However, remote people feel a lack of presence in the meetings, rendering a feeling of not really being there. The outcome is an inefficient communication, which can hinder the collaborative work. Eery Space, on the other hand, succeeds at bringing geographically distant people together at the same virtual space, and provides the necessary devices and feedback for participants in virtual meetings to interact with each other using remote proxemics. Despite that, the current approach uses fixed distances initiate proximal interactions producing abrupt transitions between interaction stages. On the other hand, gradual engagement introduces seamless transitions between stages. In this position paper, we discuss the inclusion of gradual engagement into remote proxemics and propose a design model for future interactions.


Animal Health Technician Odydea Scottsdale AZ us Job DEPARTMENT: Animal Health Services REPORTS TO: Director of Animal Health Services POSITION SUMMARY: OdySea Aquarium is looking for an enthusiastic, dedicated person to join the Animal Health Department as the Animal Health Technician. Th


This paper deals with the question of the existence of a maximal mean square strong solution for a set of coupled algebraic Riccati equations which arises on the study of optimal filtering and quadratic optimal control of discrete-time linear systems with Markov switching parameters. The results derived utilize mean square stabilizability condition only. Computational tests for mean square stabilizability and mean square detectability are also presented, generalizing some previous results given by Ji-Chizeck (1990).<<ETX>>


PurposeThis study aims to discuss the idea of a rethinking of tourism, as proposed in the academic literature, in the wake of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, to evaluate the rationale for such a process and to consider by and for whom such a rethink should be undertaken.Design/methodology/approachThis is a viewpoint paper, interpreting the literature on the topic of refocusing and rethinking tourism in general and identifying issues arising from such arguments – in particular, the impact of such a process on tourists and their destinations.FindingsWhilst a rethink of tourism is appropriate and necessary in many respects, the rationale and goals of such a process need to be made specific and focussed rather than general and based on interest groups' preferences and beliefs.Originality/valueMuch of the discussion about rethinking tourism has focussed on what is perceived to be wrong with tourism by the various interest groups rather than what the goal and value of a refocus might be. This paper questions that approach and argues for change at local and specific levels rather than a sweeping and generalised approach.


There is a possibility of the establishment of municipalities directly under the jurisdiction of a county, due to the fact that quite a number of towns with large population and powerful economy have appeared in China, especial in such areas as the Zhujiang River Delta, Southern Suzhou, coastal areas of Zhejiang, Shangdong Peninsular, and Southern Fujian. Eight chances are ahead for applying the related theory to practice and the time has already come. The paper suggests that the term for the new district should be"yi", which has the equal administrative level to the towns and the countryside, and which provides opportunities of conducting some related reforms.


Primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare slow-growing neoplasm, with limited literature reporting the involvement of the scalp. It has a tendency to recur locally; however, lymph node, distant pulmonary and bony metastases are exceptionally rare. We highlight the case of a 65-year-old female with primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma with distant pulmonary and bony metastases and the importance of imaging in diagnosing distant metastasis and perineural spread.


Dec. 10, 1997—Of "information society," let it be said: Once more, this recent October, an "unsinkable Titanic" was fatally holed by its col-liaison with the waiting, relevant species of iceberg. The impregnable post1989, globalized financial system, is now settling into the watery abyss. Unfortunately, sanity being what it is, or is not, these days, even after the global events of October and November, most of the passengers, including former Citibank chief Walter Wriston, are still clinging to the sinking ship, clinging to a delusory faith in an "unsinkable utopia," in an "eternal, neo-Malthusian, information society's" economy.1 "Yes, there seem to be some ups and downs on the markets," is the gist of most U.S. adults' reluctant acknowledgement of the recent several weeks of global financial storms; "but," they add, "the economy is still basically sound. They would never let it happen here. Until I see it announced on television, I am not going to let myself believe, that that sort of crisis will ever come here." Although the modern Manichean, that citizen, leaves unclear, who, or what these mysterious potencies, "they," might be, the impression is, that they are awesomely Olympian. Such popular superstition put to one side, given the catastrophes to the global financial system since late


SUMMARY The diagnosis of diabetes in children has become increasingly complex with the emergence of increased rates of childhood-onset Type 2, monogenic and medication-induced diabetes. Differentiating between different types of childhood diabetes is challenging, requiring a basic understanding of pathophysiology of various diabetes types and their associated clinical risk factors. Overlapping clinical features and conflicting findings on laboratory investigations sometimes complicate the picture. The clinician must pay careful attention to the presence or absence of typical risk factors for Type 2 diabetes, family history of diabetes, laboratory evidence of endogenous insulin production or pancreatic autoimmunity, and the natural progression of the disease, in order to make an accurate diagnosis and choose the most appropriate and effective treatment regimen.


Most reported human cases of avian flu have occurred in households whose members live and even sleep with domestic fowl, which is a degree of intimacy rare in the U.S. To study risks associated with a …


Thank you very much for downloading plight of muslims in india. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their favorite books like this plight of muslims in india, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious bugs inside their computer. plight of muslims in india is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our books collection saves in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the plight of muslims in india is universally compatible with any devices to read.


This research is to find out what innovations exist in the Public Service Mall of Banda Aceh City, Aceh, Indonesia. This type of research uses qualitative research with a descriptive approach, namely by describing the results of research and analyzing so that the results obtained from informants are employees of the Banda Aceh City Public Service Mall, employees of the One-Stop Investment and Integrated Service Office and employees of the Population and Civil Registration Service at the Public Service Mall and the community as supporting informants who provide services at the Banda Aceh City Public Service Mall. The results of this study indicate that the innovation of the Banda Aceh City Public Service Mall can be said to be in accordance with the innovation guidelines criteria set by PERMENPAN-RB No. 30 of 2014 which consists of Quality, Transparency, Accountability, Easy, Fast, Proper, Fair and Participatory. So that the results obtained that the Public Service Innovation of Banda Aceh City has novelty or innovation in service.


We prove the vanishing of many Welschinger invariants of real symplectic $4$-manifolds. In some particular instances, we also determine their sign and show that they are divisible by a large power of 2. Those results are a consequence of several relations among Welschinger invariants obtained by a real version of symplectic sum formula. In particular, this note contains proofs of results announced in [BP13].


Grau L, Baydoun H, Chen K, Sankary ST, Amirouche F, Gonzalez MH. Biomechanics of the acute Boutonniere deformity. J Hand Surg Am. 2018, 43: 80.e1–e6. Hsieh TS, Kuo YJ, Chen YP. Ultrasound-detected lateral band snapping syndrome in proximal interphalangeal joint of small finger—A rare case report. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2019, 62: 73–6. Ohshio I, Ogino T, Minami A, Kato H. Reconstruction of the central slip by the transverse retinacular ligament for boutonnière deformity. J Hand Surg Br. 1990, 15: 407–9. Salvi V. Technique for the buttonhole deformity. Hand. 1969, 1: 96–7.


During the past decade, interest in leadership skills, systems thinking, and quality improvement (QI) has grown within the Swedish health care sector. Several new projects have been launched with the purpose of improving the process of professional development from the student to physician. Multidisciplinary teaching wards with the students in charge of providing care with only tutorial help and new courses in group dynamics and leadership skills have evolved at the medical faculties around Sweden. However, these programs have been focused mainly on the individual and group aspects of providing care, not at the systems aspect. We are both senior students at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. As a part of our last semester, we have had the opportunity to participate in an 8-week elective studying subjects that are not part of our standard curriculum. Our aim with this elective project was to find out how continuous quality improvement (CQI) is taught and how it is applied within health care organizations. We also wanted to get an understanding of how the knowledge could be brought into our education at the Karolinska Institute. Through Michael Bergstrom at


Objective To explore the relationship between fetal macrosomia of non-diabetic pregnancy (MNDP) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-2), IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) .Methods This was a prospective , observational study of primipara who were prenatal cared and labored in People's hospital of Pudong new area.Maternal venous serum samples were collected in week 26~28and week 38-41while the umbilical cord blood serums were collected after delivery.Levels of IGF-I , IGF-II and IGFBP3 were measured in macrosomia group (birth weight≥4 000g) and control group (birth weight 2 500~3 500g) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results ① The level of IGF-1 in maternal serum was increased following the pregnancy extended and was higher in full-term pregnancy , but had no significantly difference between the two groups (P0.05) .While in cord blood , level of IGF-1 of macrosomia group was higher than that of control group (P0.000 1) .② There was no statistical difference of IGF-2 level in thaternal serum between the two groups (P 0.05 ) .③ The levels of IGFBP3 of macrosomia group in full-term pregnancy and mid-pregnancy were significantly higher than that of control group (P0.001 , P0.01) .④ The level of IGFBP-3 in maternal blood and IGF-1 in cord blood were positive corretorted with the newborn's weight.Conclusions IGF-1involved in the fetal growth and development Concentration of IGF-1 in fetal circulation may close related to newborn's weight.High level of IGFBP3 may be one of the cause of macrosomia in non-diabetic pregnancy.


This chapter provides a state-of-the-science summary of the neurobiology of agrammatism, an acquired impairment of grammar that may result from stroke or neurodegenerative disease (i.e., primary progressive aphasia). The chapter provides an overview of the language-deficit patterns that characterize agrammatism, such as impaired verb retrieval, verb inflection, verb-argument structure, and production and comprehension of complex sentences. The neurocognitive mechanisms of these deficit patterns are also reviewed, with particular emphasis on recent studies examining the real-time mechanisms of agrammatism and their neural correlates. The picture that emerges is that agrammatism results from impairments of grammatical processing, rather than grammatical knowledge. These deficits largely arise from damage to left hemisphere dorsal language pathways, in particular temporal-parietal and inferior frontal language regions and dorsal white matter tracts.


The article considers a new section of the modern theory of business processes dedicated to their parallel processing. The relevance of the work is due to the need to reorganize business processes in order to improve a number of their key indicators, such as speed, cost, etc. It should be noted that the well-known models and methods of the modern theory of business processes practically do not address the issues of parallelism in them, although this direction occupies a significant place in the general theory of processes and, in addition to the actual methods of description, analysis and verification of parallel structures, also includes methods of parallelization of sequential structures. The paper proposes a classification of parallel business processes based on the types of parallel computing systems and completely covering the subject area under consideration. Examples of parallel business processes of each type are given. For each of the selected classes of business processes, a brief overview of the current state of affairs in terms of parallelism is given; the directions of relevant work are identified and analyzed. Brief descriptions of models and methods of pipelined and synchronous parallelism are given. In terms of asynchronous parallelism, a model and language tools for organizing parallel independent branches (processes) are proposed. A mixed graph containing nodes and branches of various types is used as the corresponding model. The scenario of executing a parallel business process is formalized. To estimate the execution time of a parallel business process, the basic theorems of the theory of computational processes are adapted in order to focus them on business processes, recommendations are given on the rules for building parallel business processes. The requirements for the language tools for describing asynchronous parallel business processes are formulated. Next, the methods of parallelization of business processes related to its linear sections and cycles are considered. The definitions of the linear section and the cycle in the business process are introduced. For their parallelization, the key task is to identify information dependencies between the functions of the business process. Attention is drawn to the sequence of definitions/uses of information objects, manifested through incoming and outgoing information flows for functional objects of the corresponding visual modeling language. In terms of the above-mentioned business process graph, the concepts of information dependence of various types are formalized. The proposed work is one of the first attempts to build a formal basis for the organization of parallelism in business processes, which plays an important role in improving the key indicators of business processes in the tasks of their reorganization.


In human diet, vegetables play important role to maintain the physiological conditions. Due to anthropogenic activities and pollution, the food items become contaminated. The present study was performed to evaluate the level of heavy metals in the vegetables irrigated with wastewater across Chunian and Jamber, district, Kasur. Level of heavy metals from the study area like Zinc, Lead and chromium in the soil, water and vegetables was compared. The four sites of each city and 10 vegetables e.g. potato, radish, carrot, fenugreek, spinach, tomato, Onion, Turnip, Cauliflower, Pangalo were selected to conduct the experiment. The vegetables were irrigated with industrial wastewater and the concentration of heavy metals was measured by the atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). We concluded that the level of heavy metals was beyond the FAO limits in irrigated water due to industrial waste. In Jamber and Chunian, the level of Zn and Pb was high and beyond the FAO safe limits in the all water sample, the level of Cr was much higher only in the water sample of one site from Jamber. The concentration of zinc was higher in soil samples as compared to lead and chromium. Zn and Pb in vegetables of study area were labeled as priority pollutants but this concentration was within the safe limits set by FAO. However, constant inspection of heavy metals is recommended to avoid accumulation in the food chain and thus avoid human health risks.
Keywords: Atomic absorption spectrophotometer, Heavy metals, Industrial wastewater, Vegetables.


Purpose: The human mind is consistently interested in new materials having unique properties. Recently, a relatively new field is being investigated which exhibits a negative Poisson's ratio (NPR), and consequently are termed auxetic materials. Design/methodology/approach: One of the main reason for interest in auxetic materials is due to the possibility of enhanced mechanical properties such as shear modulus, plane strain fracture toughness and indentation resistance compared to non auxetic material. Findings: Auxetic materials were described concerning their classification, characteristic, properties and potential applications. Research limitations/implications: The paper is an overview the modelling structure and deformation mechanisms of auxetic nano-materials. Originality/value: The paper shows the possibilities of auxetic materials application resulting from their mechanical properties.


This essay provides an overview of research programs related to consumer well-being (CWB) and discusses the ethics perspectives and public policy implications of the programs. The author groups CWB research programs into five ethics perspectives: (1) ethics of consumer sovereignty, (2) duty ethics of nonmaleficence, (3) ethics of stakeholder theory, (4) ethics of social justice, and (5) ethics of human development and quality of life. Ethical guidelines and public policy implications are then logically deduced to assist professional and industry associations in setting CWB standards, to train member organizations to develop and implement programs to enhance CWB, and to monitor the extent to which the entire profession or industry is contributing to society through CWB. These ethical guidelines can also help government institutions and nongovernmental organizations create public policies to ensure that institutions deliver higher levels of CWB.


Seventeen wild plant species from the Mediterranean area (Calabria, Southern Italy) were assayed for their allelopathic activity and as potential source of new natural herbicides for weed control. The inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts of 17 Mediterranean plant spp. were studied on seed germination and root elongation of Lactuca sativa L. of these 4-species ( Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi, Hypericum hircinum L. ssp. Majus (Aiton) Robson, Artemisia arborescens L. and Euphorbia rigida Bieb) proved most inhibitory to weeds and lettuce seedlings. Root elongation proved more sensitive than seed germination. The phytotoxicity of aqueous extracts of most phytotoxic plant species persisted till 112 days. The aqueous extracts inhibited the seed germination and root growth of Chenopodium album, Sinapis alba, Echinochloa crus-galli weeds. C. album and S. alba weeds were most sensitive to all aqueous extracts, while E. crus-galli was most tolerant. In pot experiments, plant residues caused stronger inhibition in shoot than in roots. The phytotoxicity followed the order: A. arborescens > E. rigida > C. nepetaH. hircinum . These results might help in developing the natural Mediterranean plant extracts for weeds control.


Most educators are still unprepared to use microcomputer software for their own needs, much less for instruction. But software accompanying textbooks is proliferating. Faculty have to become technologically literate enough to make educated choices about the inclusion of such software in their curricula. Further, though students might be better taught if faculty were computer-literate, that in turn would lead to the need to train faculty. But most faculty would find it difficult to sit in on formal introductory courses; and, anyway, such needs-based courses are often distant, or expensive, or both. In response to this need, we designed a one-week workshop for university faculty. The workshop is intended both for those who have had no previous experience with computers and for those who have mainframe experience (perhaps with the use of statistical packages or programming) and wish to become familiar with microcomputers and their applications software. Our approach focuses on the use of word processors, spreadsheets and databases. No programming is introduced. For each software package, specific techniques for simplifying administrative duties are stressed, with emphasis on the immediate use of new skills. Once confidence and interest are attained, faculty may choose other vehicles for further development. The particular software packages used in the workshop vary, depending upon availability. In each case, a variety of materials are available to expose participants to other software packages having the same or similar functions. The general approach used in the workshop is: discuss tasks that can be simplified by the use of a particular tool (software package); provide basic instruction in the use of the tool; conduct a simple, practical exercise with that tool. Example uses, teaching objectives and practice assignments are described. The first session provides a short introduction to the concept of applications software. Following that, there is a brief description of hardware configurations and the basic techniques of disk handling, readying hardware for use, file copying and file handling. Each of these topics is taught in the context of using the packages on the microcomputers available; only the essentials are taught and always in a laboratory setting. Supervised practice accompanies the use of each package. The Word Processor Faculty spend a great deal of time preparing syllabi, handouts and examinations. Even if the documents are variations of previous versions, there is often considerable time involved. Word processors simplifies the typing, editing and revision process to the point that it is simple to prepare updated materials. There are six objectives to be accomplished in the teaching of word processing. The first three are general in scope and are best taught in a group environment: * Understand the purpose of word processing * Become acquainted with appropriate applications * Be able to use important terminology. The second three objectives are taught via simple exercises. Each entails the initialization of a file, preparation of text, and text revision. Exercises are brief and designed to provide exposure to most of the basic techniques. At the end of these exercises, the participant is able to: Boot up a word processor and execute elementary commands. * Input and save text * Revise, edit and print text. Each exercise in the word-processing phase of the workshop is intended not only provide familiarity with the use of word processors, but also to provide concrete examples of various ways in which the package can be used by an individual teacher. The first exercise is to input a brief (less than one page) examination. Skills developed here include centering text, using tabs, underlining, and modifying the spacing between items. The second exercise is to prepare a short syllabus. …


The importance of Formosa (Taiwan) as a first steppingstone for the movement of peoples and cultures from mainland Asia into the Pacific islands has long been recognized. The past 70 years have witnessed considerable high-quality study of both the island's archaeology' and its ethnology,2 but it has become increasingly evident that to explore fully Formosa's position in the culture history of the Far East it is imperative also to enlist the disciplines of linguistics, ethnobiology, and the environmental sciences.3 It is with this aim that preliminary and exploratory investigations were carried out in Formosa under the auspices of the Department of Anthropology of Yale University, in collaboration with the Departments of Biology at Yale, and of Archaeology-Anthropology and Geology at National Taiwan University (Taipei, Taiwan), during 1964-65. As a result of these investigations, prehistoric cultures can now be formulated on the basis of excavated material, and be placed in a firm chronology, grounded on stratigraphic and carbon-14 evidence. This prehistoric chronology, moreover, can be related to environmental changes during the postglacial period, established by geological and palaeobiological data. Comparison of the new information with prehistoric culture histories in the adjoining areas in Southeast China, the Ryukyus, and Southeast Asia throws light on problems of cultural origins and contacts in the Western Pacific region, and suggests ways in which to utilize Dyen's recent linguistic work,4 as well as current ethnological research. The results confirm Formosa's significant role and point to opportunities for studies in the future.5 Our research indicates that at about 2500 B.C., two distinct cultures spread into Formosa from mainland Asia. One, the Yuanshan Culture, centered in the Taipei basin in the northern part of the island in the drainage of the Tamsui River and its upper courses. According to the excavated material from Yuanshan Shellmound6 and Tapenkeng (excavated fall, 1964), the Yuanshan Culture is characterized by a sandy buff ware; a polished stone inventory including the long, flat hoe, stepped adz, shouldered ax, perforated triangular arrowpoint, and ornaments of jadish materials; and an industry of bone and antler. Its principal ceramic form is a pot with lid, two vertical loop handles attached to the collared, rounded body, and a ring foot of medium height. A brownish slip is the only surface treatment in most cases, but short incised strokes, small ring impressions, net incisions, and coarsely brushed dark red paint decorate many vessels. Archaeological assemblages completely identical with the Yuanshan Culture have not been identified anywhere in the Far East, but the basic forms of pottery and the stepped adz resemble elements of the prehistoric Lungshanoid horizon on the southeast coast of China, and the shouldered ax points in the direction of the Gulf of Tonkin.7 Three carbon-14 dates from the Shellmound (Y-1547: 3860 A 80 B.P.; Y-1548: 3540 4 80 B.P.; Y-1549: 3190 1 80 B.P.) and two from Tapenkeng (Y-1551: 2840 At 200 B.P.; Y-1498: 2030


As sport properties and brands leverage the use of hashtags to expand their share of voice and audiences, they also face a host of emerging legal issues at the nexus of social media and intellectual property laws. This article examines the current potential conflict between the courts and the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) regarding the legal status of hashtags as trademarks, which provides the backdrop discussion of sport properties' approaches to potentially infringing use of hashtags in the context of ambush marketing. The Federal Trade Commission has also initiated regulatory efforts aimed at hashtag-based promotions. Analysis of significant cases and application of a typology of hashtags to sport industry examples provides guidance to sport organizations. While typically favoring strict enforcement in matters involving intellectual property, the risk in stifling conversations stimulated by hashtags may call for more innovative tactics to achieve brand protection and consumer protec...


Fractures involving the physes of the distal forearm are exceedingly common in children, representing upwards of 1/3 of all pediatric fractures. These injuries are often amenable to closed treatment, but physeal injury can lead to premature arrest and significant related long-term sequela. Common practice guidelines have not been established amongst the pediatric orthopaedic community for radiographic monitoring, need for 3-dimensional imaging, and treatment algorithms in these injuries. This review seeks to outline the literature and share the perspective and methods of a panel of leading pediatric upper extremity experts in hopes of providing a framework for better understanding these injuries and treating their growth-related sequelae.


The present invention describes a system and method for identifying a nucleic acid molecule of the polymer, for example. The method relates to any concentrated nano bias a pair of electrodes separated by a channel, and the molecule of interest with the modulated bias modulation waveform, corresponding to the bias voltage when the molecules of interest in the passage of two internal the energy difference between the energy levels. Electrical characterization of the molecule of interest is derived from a tunnel current between the nano-electrodes, the electric signal is subjected to characterization and to identify a molecule of interest is the known value of the known signal molecules chemically. The plurality of the nanoelectrodes can also be used to more reliably identify a single molecule or multiple molecules.


A previously healthy, immunocompetent 24-year-old woman presented with onset of diarrhoea (without blood or mucus), vomiting and abdominal pain within 6 h of evolution. She stated a consumption of well water and tomato pulp a few days ago and no recent history of travel abroad.

At hospital admission, she was dehydrated, with shivering, tachycardia, hypotension and painful abdominal palpation, but without signs of peritoneal irritation.

In …


SECTION 1 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY of ADULT HEART DISEASE: Regurgitant Valvular Disorders. Stenotic Valvular Disorders. Cardiomyopathies. Transplantation Immunology. SECTION II PATHOPHYSIOLOGY of CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS: Blood Flow During Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Alterations and Effects on Organ Function. SECTION III CLINICAL MANAGEMENT: Ventilatory Management. Hemodynamic Management. Nutritional Support. Renal Function and Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Coagulation Dysfunction After Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Infectious Disease. Neurologic Assessment and Outcome. Dysrhythmias Following Open Heart Surgery. Transesophageal Echocardiography and Cardiac Critical Care. Pain Management. Cardiovascul Pharmacology. Mechanical Circulatory Support.


patients monitored with a portable polysomnography in the 24 h following surgery. We have also found oximetry patterns pathognomonic for airway obstruction attenuated in the setting of supplemental oxygen. OSA is extremely prevalent in the bariatric surgery population, and patients with ODI's 5 preoperatively are at greater risk for complications. Clinicians should be aware that timely warning of recurrent airway obstruction in OSA patients breathing supplemental oxygen may not be provided by conventional pulse oximetry.


The structure and composition of street tree populations in Rochester and Syracuse, New York were characterized by survey sampling procedures. Over 7000 trees on 205 streets were censused. Systematic sampling was shown to provide unbiased estimates of the true census population parameters. It was used to identify trees of more frequently occurring species for measurement of 24 size and health traits and 8 physical environmental factors. All trees of less common species were measured. Ten species comprise over 90% of the older trees in each city, with Norway, silver and sugar maple, 75% of them. A much greater species diversity occurs among the younger trees, and none dominates this population. Preliminary comparisons of tree size and major health problems in maple populations in the two cities show few differences between the cities, but species differences are noted. Multivariate analyses now in progress should provide information on the relationship of factors of stress in the urban environment to the growth and health of street trees. The use of survey methods in urban tree management planning is discussed.


Presents reflections on the genealogy of time. Covering philosophical thought from Aristotle to Hegel and on to Wittgenstein and Heidegger, various constructions of time are reconstructed as definitions of finite experience.


The study of mathematical modeling of the stability analysis of Lassa fever was examined. A mathematical model for the spread and control of Lassa fever was formulated and analyzed. The model incorporates a control parameter, the use of condom to control human to human transmission through sexual contact with opposite sex. The disease free and endemic equilibrium states were analyzed.


Religious piety and proofs of God's existence have not in modern times invariably sat so happily beside one another as the attempted euphony of my title may at first appear to suggest. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the existence and nature of God came to be conceived as a purely philosophical question that could be answered, if at all, without recourse to 'narrowly religious' considerations. Philosophers and sympathetic theologians agreed that a religiously independent philosophy is itself competent to demonstrate the deity's existence and nature by means of formally valid and generally convincing rational proofs.


The Kyeokjosi theory is the definitive work of Kim Uk's poetics theory as well as a meaningful work in the history of our Korean poetics, While exploring Kyeokjosi, Kim Uk sticked to the versification as a new paradigm of poetry which should be evaluated as a positive achievement. There is a high possibility that Kyeokjosi he was sought initially could be a free style poetry with meter enlivened in it. Specially, he had been studying on the pattern of Korean poetry from long times ago already, and it seems to have been by him that what was the necessary to free style poem was the poem that has rhythm in it. Despite such positive evaluation, his Kyeokjosi theory has a clear limitation as well. The effort of Kim Uk intended to provide ideal pattern of Kyeokjosi based on the theory of the meter exposed a substantial limitation from the theory he had been sticked to. As a result he failed to find out a style of Kyeokjosi proper to us and hastily to the frame of 7.5 phrase 12 syllables. This in tum provided a ground that Kyeokjosi was intended to imitate close to the meter of Japanese poetry. The interest of Kim Uk was to seek the most ideal Kyeokjosi, as a result of which he didn't pay much attention to the fact that Kyeokjosi has become a poetry with fixed Syllable meter. It is a clear mistake that he sought idealistic Kyeokjosi in the fixed syllabic meter. In additon, Kim Uk's Kyeokjosi theory had not gained opportunity to be developed to the discussions of the typicality of the poetry at all that goes beyond the basic unit meter or basic unit which forms standard unit of meter. That is due to the inability to understand clearly with regard to the concept of 〈line〉 and the beauty of meter created by internal diversity of meter contained in the poetry. Because of immatured understanding of the basic concept meter and undisputed acceptance of Japanese poetry theory, Kyrokjosi theory that presented to the poetics society with full of aspiration of free style poem could not but to receive the criticism of deterioration of the poetry theory or metrical theory. The Kyeokjosi theory of Kim Uk provides a substantial implication to the contemporary free style poem direction to move forward. When we have a glance at our contemporary free style poetry, such concerns toward Kim Uk may not be regarded as meaningless, that which path of contemporary poetry had been pursued and to what direction need to be moved forward from the view point of meter of contemporary verse. Rather, the most urgent point required in the poetical circles may be the recovery to be the poetry like of the free style poem. As sought by the Kyeokjosi theory from Kim Uk, though he might have failed, it still required to have the agony and reflection how to create the poetry to be poem- like by applying meter of ours to the free style of poem.


ABSTRACT The role of political factors, specifically of public opinion, in the relatively low penetration of charter schools into rural America remains unclear. We use 8 years of national survey data to demonstrate that rural residents express less support for charter schools than residents of other locales do. We attribute this gap to differences in familiarity with charter schools across these locales rather than to differences in satisfaction with local schools or to differences in demographics, party affiliation, or political ideology. However, using a survey experiment and an oversample of districts with charter schools, we show that increased exposure to these schools or information about them does not boost support in rural communities. Lastly, we demonstrate a similar urban-rural gap in support for private school choice policies such as vouchers and tax credits for private school scholarships.


Summary-Two thermal silico-phosphates, Rhenania phoshate and Mitsui phosphate, were compared with superphosphate, in the presence and absence of lime, as phosphate fertilizers for an infertile acid soil. The field evidence suggested that silico-phosphates, up to rates supplying 193 kg P ha-l, can be as effective as the lime-superphosphate combination. The combination, supplying 386 kg P ha-l yielded 4.9 and 8.0 t dry matter ha-l in the first and second years respectively. Rhenania and Mitsui phosphates, each supplying 193 kg P ha-l, respectively yielded 3.1 and 2.8 t ha-l in the first year and 4.4 and 5.2 t ha-1 in the second year. There was no evidence that thermal phosphates were superior to the limesuperphosphate combination. All three phosphates had a good residual value in the field. Lime-superphosphate, lime-silicate, and Rhenania phosphate dressings increased soil pH and reduced titratable soil acidity, which in this case was principally exchangeable aluminium. Supplying calcium and raising soil pH appeared to be more important effects of these fertilizers than the effect of their silicate content, though there was some evidence of a positive interaction between the effects of calcium and pH, and the effect of the silicate. Plant growth increased the titratable acidity in proportion to the growth made and the evidence was consistent with the formation of an aluminium-phosphorus complex providing an important source of phosphorus. The role of such a complex in the heavy phosphate applications required and the good residual value of these dressings are-discussed. Previous work on the infertile acid soil used in this experiment (~cLachlan 1980a, b) demonstrated the need for both lime and superphosphate and the role of calcium, phosphorus and pH in the plant response. McLachlan and Norman (1969) compared calciummagnesium phosphate, which is a thermal silico-phosphate, and superphosphate as phosphate fertilizers on some acid soils. The thermal phosphate was more effective than superphosphate on high phosphate sorbing soils. As these thermal phosphates are usually alkaline, contain some calcium and provide water insoluble phosphate, it seemed that they may be useful sources of phosphorus for the acid soil used in this study. In high 'fixing' soils, where there is strong competition between the soil and the plant for available phosphorus, a more slowly available form may permit the plant to compete more effectively with the soil and to use the phosphorus more effectively. As the application of thermal phosphates may eliminate the need for lime on this soil, the present study compared the field performance of two such fertilizers on pasture production with that of lime and superphosphate. Productive


The pseudo stationary state of silicone oil has been defined from the analysis of the pyrolysis of silicone oil in nitrogen by means of the high radiative heat flux furnance method. The model of this state has been established by considering it as the vaporizing process of the pyrolysis products of silicone oil. From the modeling, the pyrolysis difference between the low radiative heat flux and high radiative heat flux have been observed and these mechanism have been clarified by the IR spectra and the viscosity-average molecular weight.


Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is the most common cause of worldwide cancer premature death with a very low survival rate of 8%-15%. Patients with an early stage diagnosis can have up to four times the survival rate of 40%-55%. Hence, discovering costeffective biological markers that can be used to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease is an important clinical challenge. Significant progress has been made to address this challenge. Some sets of biomarkers were identified in the last few years ranging from 5-gene signatures to 133gene signatures. Since datasets of gene-expression profiles typically have tens of thousands of genes for just few hundreds of patients, this type of datasets will create many technical challenges impacting the accuracy of the diagnostic prediction. A typical molecular sub-classification method for lung carcinomas would have a low predictive accuracy of 68%-71%. In this paper, we present a new data mining method that finds genetic markers and uses the markers to predict with up to 100% accuracy whether a patient has NSCLC and the sub-type of cancer in case the patient has NSCLC. Our method overcomes many challenges arose from datasets of gene-expression profiles. The new method discovers novel genetic changes that occur in lung tumors using gene-expression profiles. We discovered that a small set of nine gene-signatures (JAG1, MET, CDH5, ABCC3, DSP, ABCD3, PECAM1, MAPRE2 and PDF5) from the dataset of 12,600 gene-expression profiles of NSCLC acts like an inference basis for NSCLC lung carcinoma and hence can be used as genetic markers. This very small and previously unknown set of biological markers gives an almost perfect predictive accuracy for the diagnosis of the disease. While proteins encoded by some of these gene-signatures (e.g., JAG1 and MAPRE2) have been showed to involve in the signal transduction of cells and proliferative control of normal cells, specific functions of proteins encoded by other gene-signatures have not yet been determined. Therefore, this work opens new questions for structural and molecular biologists about the role of these genesignatures for the disease. † Supported in part by NSF award CCF-0917257. Keywords-Mining gene-expression profiles in bioinformatics, lung cancer, diagnosis.


If a patient with major depressive disorder (MDD) reported that he is hearing self-derogatory thoughts aloud he would probably be diagnosed with psychotic depression. This might be followed by a change in medication rather than the offer of specific therapeutic strategies that target intrusive mental images. Yet in support of a growing literature of mental imagery in psychiatric disorders (1), recent research by our group shows that about one in two patients with mild to moderate MDD and three in four patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) report sensory properties of their cognitions (2, 3).


Category: Ankle; Sports Introduction/Purpose: The Broström procedure is indicated for lateral ankle instability in the setting of acute or chronic ankle sprains, with injury of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) being the most common. While the procedure is anatomically favorable, one disadvantage of the Broström procedure is significantly reduced strength of the repair when compared with the native ligament. Broström repair with augmentation of an InternalBrace (Arthrex, Naples, FL), nonabsorbable suture tape fixed directly to the bone, has demonstrated increased strength and stiffness of the repaired ATFL; however, there is a paucity of literature published on clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study is to compare clinical outcomes following treatment of ATFL injuries with Broström repair alone versus Broström repair with InternalBrace augmentation. Methods: Between January 2009 and December 2017, patients 18-75 years old who underwent surgical treatment for an ATFL injury of the lateral ankle injury with either a Broström repair alone (Cohort A) or Broström repair with InternalBrace augmentation (Cohort B) performed by two surgeons (TOC or CTH) and at least 2 years post-operative were identified. Minimum 2-year follow-up was obtained with patients completing subjective questionnaires including Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) with Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Sport subscales, Short Form-12 (SF-12) Mental Component Summary (MCS) and Physical Component Summary (PCS), Tegner activity scale, and patient satisfaction with surgical outcome. Demographics and patient-reported outcomes were compared between groups. Results: In total, 103 patients were included in the study. Cohort A had 54 patients (29 females) with median age of 32 (range: 19 to 68) and 49 of 54 patients (91%) completed follow-up at an median of 2.32 years (range: 2 to 12 years). Cohort B had 49 patients (29 females) with median age of 37 (range: 18 to 66) and 38 of 49 patients (78%) completed follow-up at an median of 3.07 years (range 2 to 7 years). There was no significant difference in age or sex between cohorts (p>0.05 for all). At earliest minimum 2-year follow-up, there was no significant difference in median post-operative FAAM ADL (97% vs 98%, p=0. 979), FAAM Sport (91% vs 91%, p=0.976), SF-12 PCS (56 vs 54, p=0.143), SF-12 MCS (56.6 vs 57.0, p=0.155), Tegner score (6 vs 5, p=0.214), or patient satisfaction (9 vs 9, p=0.781). Conclusion: Patients treated for ATFL injury of the lateral ankle with Broström repair with InternalBrace augmentation demonstrated similar clinical outcomes to those treated with Broström repair alone. With its advantages in strength and stiffness, the InternalBrace should be considered when treating lateral ankle instability in the setting of ligamentous injury since it allowed an earlier return to full weight bearing and a quicker rehabilitation protocol.


A study of the arylation of ethyl 4-oxocyclohex-2-enecarboxylate and a number of its derivatives by aryl-lead triacetates has been carried out. Ethyl 2-methyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-enecarboxylate (Hagemann's ester)(7), and ethyl 4-oxocyclohex-2-enecarboxylate (10a) and its double bond isomer (10b) were found to undergo regiospecific arylation at C-1 in good yield, whereas the compounds (14) and (16), which have C-3 substituents, gave low yields of products resulting from arylation at both C-1 and C-3. The latter behaviour was also displayed by the isomers (20a) and (20b), which contain a 6-methyl substituent.


A cache write-miss policy of write-allocate leads to better performance for many programs than a policy of no-write-allocate. I show a compiling technique to emulate a write-allocate policy even on a no-writeallocate machine, if that machine has nonblocking cache read misses (e.g. DEC Alpha 21064). The trick is to pre-fetch garbage before the write, so that the cache line will be allocated and the write will hit the cache. Measurements show a factor-of-1.2 improvement in execution time. Jouppi [5] analyzed cache write-miss policies. Some machines allocate a cache line containing newly-written word (write-allocate); others bypass the cache on a write miss and send the word directly to the next level of the memory hierarchy (nowrite-allocate, write-around). Write-allocate machines may then fetch the rest of the cache line (fetch-on-write) or may mark the rest of the line invalid until overwritten (write-validate). Jouppi found that \Write-validate and write-around always outperform fetch-on-write. In general writevalidate outperforms write-around since data just written is more likely to be accessed soon again than data read previously." Diwan, Tarditi, and Moss [3] show that garbagecollected programs run much faster on writevalidate caches than on write-around, since all \initializing writes" are misses, and almost all such data will be read back soon (incurring a read-miss on a write-around cache). The technique described in this paper is useful whenever: 1. The cache is write-around; 2. Read misses do not stall (until the target register is subsequently used); 3. A particular write will miss the cache; 4. The data written is likely to be read back soon; 5. The (approximate) address written is predictable tens of instructions in advance. Conditions 1 and 2 are true of some modern machines; conditions 3,4,5 are true of many programs, in particular those programs that use compacting garbage collection. Under these conditions, deliberately causing a read miss will improve performance! Several cycles in advance of writing (and missing) address A, the compiler should insert a read from address A. The read will force the allocation of a line in the cache, so that subsequent writes and reads will hit. t Old New 0 read miss (no stall) 20 write miss write hit (no stall) (no stall) 70 read miss read hit (no stall) (no stall) 73 use of value use of value


A generalized algorithmic procedure is presented for handling the constraints in transmissions, which are treated as a multibody system of interconnected rigid/flexible bodies. The type of constraints are classified based on the interconnection of the bodies, assuming one or more points of contact to exist between them. The method is explained through flow charts and configuration/interaction tables. A significant increase in speed of execution is achieved by vectorizing the developed code in computationally intensive areas. The study of an example consisting of two meshing disks rotating at high angular velocity is carried out. The dynamic behavior of the constraint forces associated with the generalized coordinates of the system are plotted by selecting various modes. Applications are intended for the study of dynamic and subsequent prediction of constraint forces at the gear teeth contacting points in helicopter transmissions with the aim of improving performance dependability.


A macroscopic current has been observed to flow along the polished end of a tin sample at T>T/sub c/. The superconductivity of a layer approx.4 x 10/sup -4/ cm thick is attributed to a three-dimensional array of regions of twinning planes, separated by distances approx.10/sup -5/ cm. A superconductivity of the ''two-dimensional metal'' near such plane has been observed previously )M. S. Khaikin and I. N. Khlyustikov, Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 33, 167 (1981) (JETP Lett. 33, 158 (1981))). The same method has now been used to observe a superconductivity of twinning planes in indium twin crystals.


GROWTH IN AMERICAN 1 prison and jail populations over the last 40 years has propelled the U.S. incarceration rate to the highest in the world and made incarceration commonplace for residents of poor inner-city communities. The U.S. penal system now houses around 2.2 million people in state and federal prisons and local jails, and incarcera tion rates are highest among racial and ethnic minorities and the poor (Glaze & Kaeble 2014; Western, 2006). Historically high rates of incarceration pro duced large cohorts of prison releases—over 600,000 annually—who entered a relatively small number of mostly poor neighbor hoods, often equipped with few social policy supports. Large numbers of prison releases motivated research on the effects of incarcera tion on crime and other social and economic outcomes, including employment, health, and the well-being of children with incarcer ated parents (Travis, Western, & Redburn


We discuss the fabrication of GeO 2 and GeO 2 /SiO 2 films at room temperature by photo-chemical vapor deposition. Excimer lamps were used for the light source, and tetraethoxyorthogermanate (TEOG) and tetraethoxyorthosilicate (TEOS), as raw materials. First, we fabricated GeO 2 films from single-precursor TEOG. The surface of the films obtained with Ar 2 * , Kr 2 * , and Xe 2 * lamps was extremely smooth (R rms ∼0.3 nm). Second, we fabricated GeO 2 /SiO 2 composite films from a mixed vapor of TEOS and TEOG. In this instance, we used a Xe 2 * lamp, which was able to produce films of good quality for both SiO 2 and GeO 2 individually. The refractive indices of the obtained films showed intermediate values between those of SiO 2 (n =1.46) and GeO 2 (n =1.60). The relationship between the Ge concentration in these films and the refractive indices was examined. We successfully obtained a GeO 2 /SiO 2 composite material of higher refractive index than that of similar composites produced by conventional methods.


Index of Cases. Article 85(1) - the Main Prohibition. Abuse of Dominant Positions. The Consequences of Breach of Article 85(1) and Article 86. Exemption from Article 85(1) - Article 85(3). The Insurance Anti-Trust Block Exemption. Obtaining Negative Clearance or an Individual Exemption. General Powers of the European Commission. General Procedural Issues. Challenging the European Commission - Access to the European Court. The European Economic Area.


Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) belongs the nuclear receptor superfamily. Upon binding to the ligand, GR regulates the transcription of target genes through direct binding to glucocorticoid response element (GRE) as a dimer. Recently, it was reported that a monomeric GR could regulate the genes which is different from that controlled by dimeric GR. Our purpose is determination of dissociation constant of monomeric and dimeric GR toward GRE to reveal the mechanism as initiation of transcription. For this purpose, human wild type GR and dimerization deficient mutant were purified as fusion protein with EGFP from insect cells. We quantified the interaction between purified EGFP-GR and Alexa647-labeled GRE in vitro by fluorescent cross-correlation spectroscopy.


A class of inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MK-2) was discovered. These compounds have demonstrated activity against the enzyme with IC50 values as low as 130 nM and suppress the expression of TNFalpha in U937 cells. These represent the first small molecule inhibitors of MK-2 to be reported.


In a study of two pre-schools and two primary schools it was found that the teachers interacted differently between those children whom they perceived as amongst the most creative and those they perceived as least creative. The statistical evidence demonstrated that the teachers interacted more frequently with their most creative nominees than with their least creative nominees. It was also found that the nature of interactions varied according to the nominee category. The most creative nominees received interactions of a typically positive, affirmative, praising or encouraging nature, whereas the least creative nominees received typically negative and disaffecting interactions. The observed behavioural characteristics of the nominees were recorded and are discussed in terms of the teachers' typifications of the most and least creative pupils in their classes.


Twenty-eight years have passed since the first large field trial of inactivated influenza vaccine, and the product is, by general agreement, still far from perfect. There is therefore ample reason to explore the possibility of developing attenuated but immunogenic strains suitable for administration via the respiratory tract. We are told that the local antibody which is produced, even though low in titre, will be a major factor in preventing illness. There is still much to be learned about the relative role of local and humoral antibody in influenza and other viral respiratory diseases. The paper by Tyrrell & Beare b excellently reviews several approaches. Extensive studies were begun many years ago by Professor Smorodincev and others in the USSR. They used serial egg passage at 32°C-34°C to obtain attenuation. When attenuation was achieved, growth of the virus in the vaccinee and antibody response were less than desired and large amounts of virus and 2 or 3 inoculations were required. The degree of protection observed was not as great as with some inactivated vaccines. Other papers have reported on other methods: (1) passage in newly hatched chicken kidney tissue culture at 25°C; (2) passage in increasing concentrations of horse serum to select inhibitor-resistant variants; (3) passage in bovine kidney cells at 25°C; (4) selection of temperature-sensitive mutants from virus grown in bovine kidney cells in the presence of 5-fluorouracil. Several approaches are promising, but the ideal strain is not yet in hand. The stability of such strains and the development of reliable markers still require much study. Many theoretical and practical questions might be raised, but one will suffice here. We are now in the 13th year of the A2 era, and almost everyone has now had one or more infections. With potent, inactivated vaccines, particularly with adjuvant, the humoral antibody response should be of such