The Harlem Renaissance is often simplistically defined as a ten-year literary activity of African-Americans in 1920s New York which ended with the advent of the Great Depression. However, a thorough survey of the movement introduces us to a complex and conflicted phenomenon which critics still struggle to define. Far from being a purely monolithic, black community-oriented entity, the Harlem Renaissance was strongly influenced by white America's sociological and literary climate in 1920s. White American intellectuals of the Jazz Age, disillusioned with the traumatic experience of World War I and tired of the country's puritan background, showed a strong proclivity for "Other" cultures that could satiate their yearning for exoticism and hedonism; and the handiest option for them was the African-American community that had been subalternized for centuries. This faddist interest of white intelligentsia led to a primitivist vogue among young black writers of the Harlem Renaissance who decided to make use of the unprecedented opportunity and thus succumbed to the exoticist whims of white publishers and patrons. Considering the sociological and literary climate of the Jazz Age white America and its huge impact on black writers of the day, this paper aims to analyze the primitivist representational strategy of the Harlem Renaissance and its detrimental drawbacks.


The cruise missile has become the important weapon in war, which can destroy the military goal and communication goal of enemy.Cruise-missile-based satellite communication and its function in guiding missile are discussed, and in the end some jamming methods are introduced.


Executive compensation has been the subject of longstanding criticisms for possibly setting wrong incentives or for being excessive. In the Covid pandemic in 2020/2021, numerous CEOs worldwide decided to temporarily forgo part of their compensation in response to calls for solidarity with stakeholders who had to make financial or other sacrifices. While there have been suggestions that these concessions might be the starting point for wider reforms of executive compensation to address some of the criticisms, pay has quickly returned to pre-Covid levels and reached new record highs. This article examines whether the executive pay concessions made during Covid should be considered a temporary phenomenon, or whether they might indeed have the potential to start a larger process of reassessing and reforming executive compensation. The analysis explored three angles: First, the cuts to compensation themselves were examined to understand the type of compensation affected and their magnitude. Second, reasons and pressures that led firms to adjust pay during the onset of the crisis were explored, and whether they can be considered temporary or more fundamental. Third, the theoretical angle used legitimacy theory, institutional theory, and resource dependence theory to assess the intention and longevity of measures undertaken. Taken together, the analysis suggests the actions on pay were a temporary reaction to a specific situation, and do not seem to be intended nor contain potential for longer lasting, widespread changes.


[Objective]To discuss the disposal on pollution emergency of drinking water source.[Methods]The disposal process of an emergency of drinking water source polluted by 1,2dichloroethane was reviewed,so as to discuss the emphasis of field investigation and disposal.[Results]The disposal on the public relations crisis caused by the pollution emergency of drinking water was proper.[Conclusion]The perfect response plan,organization system,early warning system and information linking are very important in disposal of emergency of drinking water pollution.


The developing countries have now learnt lessons from, their planning lacune and have evinced consciousness for research based planned tourism development which should be integrated intersectorally to maximise gains in different environments. Considering overall effects, tourism development plan should be flexible and adjustable in The national frame-work. Professionally planned and executed tourism has better chance of making national and international impacts.


This research aimed to find out the effect of service quality and corporate image on customer's satisfaction at the Lawang Regional Public Hospital.                                                                                This research was quantitive research with the variables: service quality, corporate image, and customer satisfaction. The population of this research were 376 people. The sample of 80 respondents were taken with purposive sampling technique. The data were collected through questionnaires. The methods of data analysis used was multiple regression analysis.                                                                                The result of this study showed regression equation Y = -1.235 + 0.186X 1 + 0.730X 2 + e. Coefficient of determination was 63.4%. Service quality and corporate image simultaneously effect positive and significant on consumer satisfaction with F count > F table (69.481 > 2.72) significance level was 0.000. Service quality had a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction with t count > t table (3.035 > 1.991) significance level was 0.003. Corporate image had a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction with t count > t table (8.644 > 1.991) significance level was 0.000.


e brave knight-errant and his gentle lady are models of courage and fidelity created by romances of chivalry and courtly love poetry. In these epics and songs, the woman's love inspires the warrior to vanIF quish evil and trickery so that he may return home. Lamentive poetry underscores the hero's sadness in unrequited love. Guillaume Apollinaire's La chanson du Ma[-AimP initially appears to conform to these literary models, as it places the saddened hero's emotions and tests as equal to the adventures of legendary mortals and mythological beings. First published in 1909, Apollinaire's poem was inspired by his failed love affair with Annie Playden, an English governess. Much like the medieval love poetry that it parodies, his poem seems to be based on a relatively banal, sentimental event. Structurally the poem transforms the spurned lover's miseries into an epic song, complete with interludes and choruses. The poem's predominantly octosyllabic verses, as well as its specific references to medieval musical forms (his. romance, complainte), antiquated vocabulary (verbs like feuilloler, for example), and references to Greek gods, place Apollinaire's poetic work within the continuity of a system of traditional versification. However, his medieval and classical figures are placed in urban London and Paris. The contemporary contexts collide with the antiquated modes of expression to show that the tradition of courtly love is not one to emulate, as its values result in spiritual sterility. As one reads the poetic work, it becomes apparent that the language reaches out from the confines of the romance of chivalry to test the reader, who must choose between modes of reading. O n the one hand, if the reader accepts its medieval and Greek references at face value in the context of another tale of a knight's exploits,


This paper presents a simulation-based approach to developing strategies aimed at countering online disinformation and misinformation. This disruptive technology experiment incorporated a synthetic environment component, based on an adapted Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) epidemiological model to evaluate and visualize the effectiveness of suggested solutions to the issue. The participants in the simulation were given two realistic scenarios depicting a disinformation threat and were asked to select a number of solutions, described in Ideas-of-Systems (IoS) cards. During the event, the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the IoS cards were tested in a synthetic environment, built after a SIR model. The participants, divided into teams, presented and justi-fied their strategy which included three IoS card selections. A jury of subject matter experts, announced the winning team, based on the merits of the proposed strategies and the compatibility of the different cards, grouped together.


One has to be brave to return to the subject of Byzantine Iconoclasm, a subject which, we may feel, has been done to death. But the division in Byzantine society which lasted off and on for over a century, from 726 to the 'restoration of orthodoxy' in 843, was so profound that any Byzantine historian must at some time try to grapple with it. This is especially so if one is trying to understand the immediately preceding period, from the Persian invasions of the early seventh century to the great sieges of Constantinople by the Arabs in 674-8 and 717. It is well recognized by historians that this was a time of fundamental social, economic, and administrative change, which coincided with, but was by no means wholly caused by, the loss of so much Byzantine territory to the Arabs. However, the connection, if any, of this process of change with the social and religious upheaval known as Iconoclasm still leaves much to be said; indeed, no simple connection is likely in itself to provide an adequate explanation. In this paper I want to explore further some of the background to the crisis, without attempting here to provide a general explanation for Iconoclasm itself. I shall not venture beyond the first phase of Iconoclasm, which ended with the Second Council of Nicaea in 787, and after which the argument is somewhat different. Indeed, I shall be focusing here not even on the period known as 'first Iconoclasm', but mainly on the preceding period, when the issues inherent in the controversy were already, and increasingly, making themselves felt. Though we shall inevitably be concerned with some of the arguments brought against icons by their opponents, it is the place of images themselves in the context of the pre-Iconoclastic period which will be the main issue. Finally, while I want to offer a different way of reading the rise of icons, I do not pretend that it is the only one, or even possibly the most important. I do suggest, though, that it can help us to make sense of some of the issues that were involved.


The evaluation of dose of ionizing radiation receiv ed by an individual or by particular organs may be o tained by the numerical simulation of particle transport t hrough mathematical models that represent the human body. Among these models are those developed by the Medic al Internal Radiation Dose Committee, MIRD, known a s "MIRD-5 Phantoms" or "Snyder-Fisher Phantoms". Such phantoms, which represent human body organs by geometrical solids, are widely used in medicine app lications such as dose planning in therapeutic or d iagnostic treatment. The simulation techniques used, known as Monte Carlo methods, rely on codes that have been extensively validated such as MCNP and EGSnrc. Gean t4, a code developed at CERN by the high-energy physics community, has been recently used in radiat ion protection applications, where radiation energi es are usually much inferior to those found in particle ac celerators. Geant4 is an open source code, written in C++ for Unix, Linux or Windows platforms. The validation of Geant4 in the context of low energies is necessary once the code has already been largely validated in the applications for which it was initially designed. I n this work we build a MIRD-5 type phantom using objects availa ble to Geant4, obtain radiation doses to its organs when irradiated in a photon parallel plane field and val id te the results against those obtained by other a ccepted methods. Visualization tools (Open Inventor) and th e statistical analysis tool (AIDA) are also open so urce code, gathered in the OpenScientist package.


Nine variant cell lines isolated from cloned 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a) ‐ahthracene transformed Balb/3T3 mouse cells by treatment with FUdR had growth parameters closely resembling nontransformed cells. Chromosome analysis of the variant lines demonstrated that six variants had a diminished number and three variants had an increased number of chromosomes compared to the parental transformed cell line. All variants had unique marker chromosomes not present in the parental transformed Balb/3T3 cells. The distribution of marker chromosomes and heterochromatin suggested that the initial event in variant formation was a reduction in chromosome number with a subsequent polyploidization of the reduced chromosome complement.


This book presents an analysis of medieval pottery remains found during archaeological excavations carried out at a series of sites within the Spanish city of Leon and in its immediate surroundings. For all of the pottery collections the various pots were inventoried using a series of variables, such as the raw materials from which they were made, the type of firing process used in their production, and their morphology and finish. These data, together with a visual analysis, were systematically compiled into a database, which enabled a subsequent quantitative and qualitative analysis. The study also includes the results of an archaeometric analysis of various pottery fragments. Spanish text.


In this talk, our circuit schemes towards quantum annealing, quantum computing, and quantum simulation are described where circuit QEC is actively employed. In the quantum annealing, a qubit coupling scheme using resonator is considered. Cluster state quantum computing and boson sampling are also discussed.


We develop a model of mutual fund manager investment decisions near the end of quarters. We show that when investors reward better performing funds with higher cash flows, near quarter-ends a mutual fund manager has an incentive to distort new investment toward stocks in which his fund holds a large existing position. The short-term price impact of these trades increase the fund's reported returns. Higher returns are rewarded by greater subsequent fund inflows which, in turn, allow for more investment distortion the next quarter. Because the price impact of trades is short term, each subsequent quarter begins with a larger return deficit. Eventually, the deficit cannot be overcome. Thus, our model leads to the empirically observed short-run persistence and long-run reversal in fund performance. In doing so, our model provides a consistent explanation of many other seemingly contradictory empirical features of mutual fund performance.


Article history: Received January 15, 2013 Accepted August 12, 2013 Available online August 14 2013 During the past few years, information and communication technology (ICT) has revolutionized banking industry in the world. People are now able to do their business banking activities such as bill payments, transfer funds, etc. through the art of ICT features such as automatic teller machines, internet or telephone banking services. This paper performs an empirical investigation to find important factors influencing ICT implementation in Iranian banking industry. The survey uses factor analysis to find important factors using a questionnaire consist of 26 variables. Cronbach alpha is calculated as 0.901, which validates the questionnaire. The survey detects six factors influencing ICT including efficiency approach, new advanced technological achievements, human resource management, service strategy, growth strategy and supporting systems. © 2014 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


Children's participation and accountability to children are increasingly common aspirations of child-focused organisations; development agencies and research institutions frequently use young people's advisory councils as one path to participation. A key challenge is to not only find meaningful ways to institutionalise children's views as part of organisational decision making, but also to identify and address barriers to participation. This article presents the findings of a commissioned landscape assessment to identify good practices and lessons learned from child-focused agencies, in order to inform the operationalisation of children's requests on programme improvements and accountability to children. The study was exploratory and qualitative. It included primary and secondary data collection, including a desk review, key informant interviews with adults and young people, and focus group discussions with young people. The findings showed common elements of organisational models of child participation and insights from children and young people on the types of decisions they want to influence, reasons why they should be heard, and how-to approaches to support their meaningful participation. Other findings focused on key challenges of children's participation in governance, including adult mindsets, low capacity, and structural restrictions, and lessons learned on enabling factors, such as organisation-wide buy-in, and space and inclusion for children and young people. Further inquiry could inform the purpose, scope, and appropriateness of child participation in governance structures within child-focused organisations.


The long-term viability of human civilization is heavily reliant on a sustainable energy supply, and fossil fuels have long been the most sustainable source of energy. However, since fossil fuels are a non - renewable energy source, their depletion is unavoidable and inevitable in this century. Renewable energy, notably solar energy (SE), has gotten a lot of attention as a solution to this problem because it transforms SE through technology into electrical power (EP) with no environmental impact. For its inherent low unit cost and simplicity of production, organic-solar cells (OSCs) have recently been the topic of investigation for both home and commercial uses. OSCs also have a weight and flexibility benefit over standard silicon-based crystalline solar cells (CSCs). Research has suggested that dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are the most effective and simple to implement of all the OSCs. In this mini review, we survey the existing DSSCs literature and attempts made to improve its performance based on mangifera indica natural dye, an eco-friendly, cost-effective, easy to extract, source of natural dye with high conversion efficiency.


Sphericity can not be used to describe morphology of bed material particles perfectly even though it is adopted in fluidization theory for a long time.In another aspect,Zingg index is easy to measure and convenient to recognize rod or chip-shaped particles.Cold experiment shows that non-spherical particles have bad fluidized quality and a lower minimum fluidized bed velocity than spherical particles.The superficial gas velocity of fluidizing bed surface is described by a new concept of inert fluidizing factor according to the characteristics of non-spherical bed material.Inert fluidizing factor and Zingg index have a better fitting relation with superficial gas velocity,minimum fluidized velocity of non-spherical particles can be verified through inert fluidizing factor.


Surely, 'global ethnography' is an oxymoron? How can the global be ethno graphic? How can ethnography contribute to the understanding of global ization? After all, in anthropology, we stereotypically picture the lone ethnographer settled in his or her village, itself isolated from the world around. In sociology, we think of the ethnographer as the specialist of face to-face relations or of situational analysis, but with the context firmly brack eted. Or perhaps we think of the ethnographer-sociologist studying conflict and cohesion in the urban community; but, as with the anthropologist, it is a community cut off from the world beyond, often by physical barriers such as buildings, parks or railroad tracks. What could be further from global ethnography? After three-quarters of a century of professional anthropology and sociology, global ethnography appears oxymoronic because we have blotted out the prehistory of our professions. Global ethnography is not new at all. As Joan Vincent (1990) has argued, before the First World War anthro pology was swept up in debates between evolutionists and diffusionists who saw the world as their canvas. James Clifford (1997) makes a similar point: with peripatetic missionaries and colonial administrators monopolizing knowledge about 'the native', anthropologists had to seek out their own niche of expertise, which they found in the careful, systematic and prolonged observation of indigenous peoples in a single place. This professionalization of fieldwork led to its circumscription, its concentration on dwelling rather than traveling. In overlooking the vast web of Empire, the multiple and asymmetrical connections between metropolis and colony that made focused field research possible, anthropology bracketed its own global underpinnings.


PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the various factors that influence the productivity (PR) of employees who worked remotely in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a quantitative approach to analyze data collected online from 110 respondents using the snowball sampling technique during the pandemic. The analysis of the data is conducted using the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique of Smart PLS (Partial least squares) to evaluate the direct and moderating variables.FindingsThe results indicate that direct variables such as workload, job satisfaction, work–life balance and social support have a significant positive impact on employee PR in the UAE. However, the analysis of the moderating variable indicates that job level is not a significant moderator of the above relationships. The findings, generally, provide support for social exchange theory.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study will help businesses of various domains in a variety of industries in understanding the core factors that should be considered to enhance the overall PR of their employees while working from home. Businesses can achieve their organizational goals by ensuring steady growth even during uncertain times.Originality/valueThis paper answers the question of whether remote working affects employee PR during the pandemic in an emerging market, namely the UAE. The current study contributes to the existing literature by combining the variables investigated in previous studies into a single study and by considering job level as a moderator variable.


The invention relates to a monitoring circuit, a method for outputting monitor signal, and an optical receiver. The monitoring circuit of the present invention provides a monitor signal with which a magnitude of a current flowing across a photodetector, such as a photodiode, can be calculated accurately over a wide temperature range on the basis of a value of the monitor signal. The monitoring circuit of the present invention includes: a current mirror circuit for outputting a monitor current proportional to an input current, the current mirror circuit having an input point for receiving the input current, the input point being connected to a photodetector and a load resistor, which are connected thereto in parallel; and an output circuit for outputting a monitor signal indicating a difference between a monitor electric potential proportional to the monitor current, and an offset electric potential proportional to an offset current which flows across the load resistor concurrently with the monitor current.


A 34-year-old man with debilitating polyneuropathy and monoclonal gammopathy presents with progressive lower extremity edema, pericardial effusion and dyspnea. Pulmonary edema, elevated jugular venous pressure and peripheral edema suggested right heart failure, and dyspnea responded initially to diuresis. Echocardiography revealed occult pericardal effusion, right heart dysfunction and estimated right ventricular systolic pressure of 54 mmHg. The differential diagnosis included pulmonary hypertension secondary to chronic pulmonary or left heart processes, pericardial constriction, restrictive myopathy or a syndromic condition capturing his neurologic and hematologic findings. Chest CT and VQ-scan were negative for acute and chronic pulmonary thromboembolic disease, respectively. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was most consistent with amyloidosis. Pericardial enhancement was normal, arguing against constriction. Amyloidosis was thought to be unlikely given preserved left ventricular size and function, increase in both serum free κ and λ light chains, and was ultimately excluded by fat pad biopsy. The paraneoplastic disease Crow-Fukase or POEMS syndrome, classically described as polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy and skin changes explained the patient's constellation of signs and symptoms. Pulmonary hypertension subsequent to cor pulmonale is common and reversible with treatment of the underlying gammopathy. Diagnosis of the POEMS syndrome was confirmed by the presence of sclerotic bone lesions and markedly elevated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level of 1028 pg/mL (ref. range 31-86 pg/mL). VEGF is highly induced in the POEMS syndrome and correlates closely with disease activity. VEGF-mediated microangiopathy, neovascularization, and vasopermeability likely underlie multiple clinical sequelae of extravascular volume overload such as pericardial effusion and peripheral edema. The patient responded to sildenafil for pulmonary arterial hypertension and immunomodulatory therapy for the monoclonal gammopathy. At six months of treatment, the patient has recovered substantial strength, heart failure has not reoccurred and repeat VEGF level reduced to 383 pg/mL.


The paper presents an environmental impact assessment of technogenesis (waste slag from metallurgical production) on the genetic characteristics of light gray forest soils. To study the degree of technogenic impact of the slag dump on the degradation changes in the morphological characteristics and composition of light gray forest soils in the area of action of the slag dump of fines of aluminum casting on the example of a slag dump in the village of Bolshoye Dumchino, Mtsensk district of the Oryol region, field and laboratory studies of soil samples taken at different distances from the slag dump - 20 m, 150 m, 300 m, 450 m. The soil cover of the territory in the area of the slag dump is represented by light gray forest soils, which are characterized by the following typical diagnostic horizons with characteristic morphological features at different distances from the dump. This research aims to establish the degree of anthropogenic transformation of light gray forest soils of agricultural areas, disturbed by the technogenic impact of metallurgical waste. The tasks were solved, as a result of which the influence of the slag dump on the typical diagnostic features of the genetic horizons of light gray forest soils was established. The nature of the change in the aggregate and granulometric composition in the profile of light gray forest soils in the area of influence of the slag dump was studied. An assessment of the degree of degradation changes in the physicochemical properties of light gray forest soils at different distances from the pollution source is given.


I write this article in an attempt to establish my own view upon gifted and talented education and as an attempt to review and analyse the perspectives and opinions of others in the field of education. I will examine how people believe gifts and talents are created in an attempt to establish and affirm my own viewpoint. I will look at what I believe are my own gifts and talents and how I nurture these and offer them to others. I will look reflectively at how I draw out gifts and talents in the children I teach in my role as Foundation Stage teacher.


This article evaluates federal food subsidy programs in northern Canada, focusing specifically on the transition from the Food Mail Program to Nutrition North Canada. Although the report on Nutrition North Canada by the Auditor General of Canada, Michael Ferguson, released on November 25, 2014, revealed some of the program's problems, we argue that the situation is far more complicated. In particular, the Auditor General's report focuses on the arctic regions and disregards the equally alarming state of food insecurity in the provincial Norths. 1 By looking specifically at northern Ontario, this article outlines the diverse challenges and differences northerners face in ensuring access to affordable and nutritious food of good quality.


In this study,zeolite catalysts,in which HY zeolite was used as active component and alumina gel,silica-alumina gel and titania-alumina gel as binders,were prepared for removal of trace olefin in aromatics.The effect of binders and calcination temperature on their performance and catalyst deactivation and regeneration were investigated by means of NH_3-TPD,BET and TGA.The results indicated that the catalytic activity of zeolite catalysts with any binder was superior to that of a commercial particulate clay,i.e.NC-01,which was due to more weak acidic sites on zeolite catalysts than NC-01.Carbon deposition was the main reason for zeolite catalyst deactivation,and calcinations was an effective method for catalyst regeneration,and the regenerated catalyst still showed good performance.Among the catalysts concerned,the one containing 20%(wt) silica-alumina gel and calcinated at 823 K showed better catalytic performance.


Practical ways of processing thermoset materials by injection molding have been developed. These methods have been used particularly in the automotive and electrical industries. The tensile behavior is discussed for specimens which were injection molded from reinforced and filled phenolic unsaturated polyester and epoxy resin. This behavior aids the layout of flow paths. Under static loads the materials show less creep than most thermoplastics. "Post shrinkage" was observed as a shortening of specimens under prolonged heating. Because of brittleness, the materials failed under dynamic load at low strain. The first microcracks directly initiate the final failure. Before the final failure, the materials craze at a certain strain. By means of different testing methods these strain values were determined. For practical applications, these values should be considered in the designing of thermoset parts.


This paper aims to investigate the existence of insider trading in the Brazilian stock market. For this, we estimate the probability of informed trading (PIN) of 229 stocks during the years 2010 and 2011, using the model of Easley et al. (2002). In the results, it was found that the average PIN of these stocks was 24.9%, suggesting the existence of informed trading in that period. Considering the segment of corporate governance, the stocks listed on Level 2 had the lowest average PIN (24.4%), while stocks on Level 1 had the highest average (25.6%). Considering the classes of stock, the average PIN of common stocks was 24.2% and the average PIN of preferred stocks was 26.0%, indicating that the stocks with voting rights had lower information asymmetry. Still, it was found that the relationship between greater and lesser liquidity PIN was only confirmed for common stocks with high liquidity.


Historians have long been interested in explaining the introduction of inoculation in Britain and its colonies, and numerous studies have sought to explain the success and eventual adoption of the controversial medical practice. These historians have concerned themselves primarily with explanations of the discovery, development and acceptance of the medical procedure. This article takes a different approach, exploring the relationship between the 'rage of party', anti-Jacobitism, the press and debates about smallpox inoculation in Britain in the 1720s and argues that debates about inoculation were integrated into a highly divisive political culture and understood in terms of contested party discourse.


1. At 60°F, oxygen or carbon dioxide at 1.0 lpm had no influence on the rate of fermentation of musts from immature grapes. For California musts at this or higher temperatures, it is difficult to speed up or slow down the rate of fermentation by use of oxygen, nitrogen, air, or carbon dioxide. This is in contrast to the general retarding influence of anaerobic fermentations noted with Bordeaux musts. 2. At 55°F, carbon dioxide at 1.0 lpm retards the rate of fermentation but has little influence on quality. The optimum fermentation temperature for white table wine appears to be about 50°-55°F. 3. Fermentations under pressure produce slightly more volatile acidity. Temperature control seems to be a simpler and better means of controlling the rate and extent of fermentation with California musts. This is supported by some German and by Austrian and South African results. With sugared German musts favorable results have been obtained with pressure fermentations, but few comparable checks fermented at controlled low temperatures seemed to have been made. 4. Fermentation temperatures of 70° and 80°F, with cap temperatures held to 90°F or less, seem to be the best to use with low-color grapes such as Pinot noir. Fermentation temperatures of 50°F or 60°F give poorer flavors and reduced color extraction, and should not be employed in the fermentation of red musts. 5. The pre-heating of red grape musts to 140°F or 160°F causes more complete color extraction than submerged-cap fermentation, but more tannin is extracted from the dead cells after fermentation starts. Berg and Marsh (5) have shown that heat extraction without fermentation on the skins has both advantages and disadvantages; increased color, higher costs, higher pectin extraction, higher tannin extraction, etc. 6. High color and tannin extraction from red musts can be effected by stirring. There is slightly more aldehyde and tannin accumulation with this method. Problems also arise with clarification of the wines. 7. Submerged-cap fermentations give less color extraction than the other methods at comparable temperatures, probably because of the lower cap-liquid temperature differential. 8. The most efficient and practical method for color extraction in a winery is either pumping over or punching down when a reasonable amount of color can be obtained from the must.


Based on research findings on Los Angeles Black families, the paper will examine the relative importance of content {blood) and behavior as discussed by David Schneider (1968) in his definition of American kinship. The Black families referred to in the study originated in the rural region of East Texas. Data from observa tions of burial practice will be presented to point out the impor tance of the role of personal attachments in discussing the relative importance of consanguinity and code of conduct in personal attachments among Black kin.


Using the Hermitian representation of the complex coordinate method that recently has been developed (Ref. 1), error estimates for the approximate resonance position and width are calculated. We prove here that for a given estimate of the resonance position and width the exact solution is embedded in the surface of a crescent being part of an annular ring whose inner and outer radii can be obtained by variational calculations. An illustrative numerical example is presented.


This paper focuses mainly on Victorian experience. Studies documenting the associations between driving after drinking and road trauma, the introduction of random roadside breathtesting, levels of knowledge and the incidence of drinking problems amongst drivers, the profile of convicted drink drivers, and the use of drugs by drivers are all discussed. The impact of counter measures is studied and possible new counter measures are suggested.


As urgent as the desire to improve Jewish education may be, it would be unwise to rely on research aimed at ameliorating the current situation without first examining the foundations on which such research must rest. The areas in which the foundations are weak must necessarily limit the contribution research can make, at least until such time as these weaknesses are adequately addressed. Five such problematic areas are outlined below, followed by a brief sketch for improvement in one of the areas.


The most common symptoms of COVID-19 are cough, fever or chills, and shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. The virus may also cause fatigue (being tired), muscle or body aches, headache, new loss of smell or taste, congestion (stuffy nose), runny nose, sore throat, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. People usually start to feel sick within 2 to 5 days after getting the virus. It can take up to 14 days after being exposed (around a person who has COVID-19) before you feel sick.


The liver plays a crucial regulatory role in the storage and distribution of lipids during fed and fasted states. With obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) often develops, a condition characterised by hepatic steatosis. Hepatic steatosis is the result of lipid input (from lipid uptake and de novo lipogenesis) exceeding lipid export (via β-oxidation, or very-low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride secretion), resulting in net liver lipid accumulation. When present, hepatic steatosis can contribute to the development of other cardiometabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. It has been proposed that autonomic nervous system dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of obesity and its related co-morbidities. The liver is innervated by both afferent and efferent sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. However, the importance of liver– brain signalling in the onset and/or the development of NAFLD has remained unclear.


A reactor relevant reversed field pinch (RFP) must be capable of operating successfully when surrounded by a close-fitting resistive shell whose L/R time is much shorter than the pulse length. Resonant modes are largely unaffected by the shell resistivity, provided that the plasma rotation is maintained against the breaking effect of nonaxisymmetric eddy currents induced in the shell. This may require an auxiliary momentum source, such as a neutral beam injector. Nonresonant modes are largely unaffected by plasma rotation, and are expected to manifest themselves as nonrotating resistive shell modes growing on the L/R time of the shell. A general RFP equilibrium is subject to many simultaneously unstable resistive shell modes; the only viable control mechanism for such modes in a RFP reactor is active feedback. It is demonstrated than an N-fold toroidally symmetric arrangement of feedback coils, combined with a strictly linear feedback algorithm, is capable of simultaneously stabilizing all intrinsically u...


The present invention, (a) a dialkyl (ene) ethers, dialkyl (ene) carbonates, dicarboxylic acids or hydroxy fatty alcohols, or at least one oil or wax component selected from mixtures of any of these substances, and (b ) relates to a high wax-based composition the melting point is 25 ° C. containing water less than 10% by weight.


Since the discovery of grapheme in 2004,it has attracted great interest and exhibite great prospect in many applications,such as environmental analysis,food analysis and biological analysis,etc. In this paper,a review of the application of grapheme in the analyses of food ingredients,food additives,heavy metals,pesticides and antibiotics was presented. The prospects of graphene in food analysis were also evaluated.


The paper presents an overview about high repetition rate femto second laser machining and its applications. Novel phenomena in laser matter interaction with the repetition rate as one of the mainly influencing parameter are discussed. Depending on temporal distances between consecutive femto second laser pulses, either heat accumulation or particle shielding effects were detected. Heat accumulation enhanced the ablation behavior and higher ablation rates were found. On other hand energy losses due to particle shielding caused lowered ablation rates. Furthermore laser induced periodical surface structures, such as ripple formations and conical micro structures, were observed due to the high average laser energy input and accumulative effects. Formation und shape properties of these structures depend on laser processing parameter.Joining high repetition rate laser technology together with high speed beam deflection systems, significantly higher ablation rates and short processing times were achieved. Exemplarily demonstrated in 3D micro structuring, processing times were reduced more than 40 times compared to fs laser processing using repetition rates of some kHz. In consequence, prospectively high machining throughputs were reached, which attract increasing interest of the novel technology in industrial applications.The paper presents an overview about high repetition rate femto second laser machining and its applications. Novel phenomena in laser matter interaction with the repetition rate as one of the mainly influencing parameter are discussed. Depending on temporal distances between consecutive femto second laser pulses, either heat accumulation or particle shielding effects were detected. Heat accumulation enhanced the ablation behavior and higher ablation rates were found. On other hand energy losses due to particle shielding caused lowered ablation rates. Furthermore laser induced periodical surface structures, such as ripple formations and conical micro structures, were observed due to the high average laser energy input and accumulative effects. Formation und shape properties of these structures depend on laser processing parameter.Joining high repetition rate laser technology together with high speed beam deflection systems, significantly higher ablation rates and short processing times were achieved. Exemp...


Heart failure is a chronic disease with a serious impact on patients' quality of life which is influenced by several factors. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality of life of patients with heart failure in the city of Limassol in Cyprus. The proposed study is characteristically descriptive quantitative research. The sample includes 99 patients with heart failure in Limassol Hospital, using the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire in the Greek Language. The data were collected from October 2017 to November 2017. Our sample consisted of 99 individuals from the Limassol district, 40 (40.4%) were females and the average age of the patients was 68.5±14 years. Patients with heart failure who had a primary education averaged 9.69 points on the quality of life scale. This is lower than patients with higher education (b=9.69 P=0.057), lower physical health by 7.35 points (b=7.35 P=0.008) and lower by 2.26 Social health units (b=2.26 P=0.030). Patients with heart failure experience many and complex problems. Through this research, it appears that different dimensions of quality of life are affected, such as physical, social and emotional health. The older the age of the patient, the lower levels of education and the sex of the patient have an impact on the quality of life of patients with heart failure.


With the rapid economic development, doppler laser measuring instrument was applicated gradually at the rolling mill.The laser gun that can be installed on above,below or on both sides of the billet steel. The problems are solved about lenght of billet steel is not accurate, by using the non-contact sensors in measuring the speed and length of steel billet, high sensitivity.


The CD of ketoximes of defined (E)/(Z configuration and some of their O-derivatives of steroids (4-en-3-ones, 4-en-6-ones, 5-en-7-ones, 4,6-dien-3-ones) and monoterpenoids (verbenone, carvone) have been investigated. All show two Cotton effects around 250 nm (band II) and 230 nm (band III), which usually have opposite signs. For the first-mentioned one a rule is proposed for the correlation between CD and absolute configuration. Most of the (Z)-oxime derivatives give an additional Cotton effect around 290 nm (band I), whose sign is always opposite to that of band II.


Vague in the outlines and abounding in figures of real or fabulous creatures, the iconography of medieval maps played a significant role in helping users to recognize lands that were virtually unknown to Christendom. In a world with no reliable latitudes and longitudes, the land contours, inhabitants and even certain elements of fauna and flora could become variables of utmost importance for geographic orientation. Notwithstanding the higher levels of precision achieved in their efforts to represent geographic space, the considerable advancements made in latitude determination, and their continuous pursuit of a practical method for the establishment of longitudes, the cartographers of the Age of Discoveries still went to the trouble of depicting notable elements - whether real or imaginary - to help travelers get their bearings around different regions of the globe. As the presence of Europeans continued to expand and an authentic scientific revolution took place in the 17th century, the lengthy notes and eye-catching representations of nature and local inhabitants soon lost their utility as points of reference on 17th-century maps to become mere accessories of aesthetic and commercial value. The advent of the 18th century consolidated, once and for all, the transformation of such illustrations into essentially decorative elements with no other relevant role to play in mapmaking. In addition to decreasing in number, the figures became more stylized and moved to the borders of the maps as ornamental motifs. Although they often maintained some sort of relation with the geographic space depicted on the map, the motifs chosen could also constitute a rather independent element. In fact, allegories, compositions with a variety of mythological figures, and historical representations were often used to underscore the power of certain political agents.


The I-2 thermostable live Newcastle disease vaccine was successfully produced and tested at the National Veterinary Research Institute in Mozambique. Local production of the vaccine has facilitated the supply of a low-cost, thermostable ND vaccine suitable for use in the control of ND in village chickens. For the vaccine to be used successfully in the field, the development of appropriate extension material and methods for veterinarians, extension workers and farmers was essential. All accompanying materials have been written in Portuguese with translation into local languages occurring in the field. The characteristics of the I-2 vaccine were defined to provide answers to the practical 'how to' questions posed by users in the field. THE I-2 Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine produced at INIVE performed well in laboratory and field trials (these trials are described elsewhere in these Proceedings). The seed vaccine was supplied by the Department of Veterinary Pathology of The University of Queensland, Australia. It was essential that the characteristics and performance of the vaccine be well understood to facilitate the development of an appropriate extension package to enable the vaccine to be used effectively. Characteristics of the I-2 Vaccine and Recommendations For Use


OBJECTIVE To establish an external standard HPLC method for the determination of sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine and trimethoprim in sulfamethoxazole,sulfadiazine and trimethoprim tablets.METHODS The chromatographic coditions were as follows: Diamonsil (TM) C 18 (5 μm, 200 mm × 4.6 mm ), acetonitrile-water-phosphoric acid(50∶50∶ 0.1 ) as mobile phase.The mobile plase contained 3.5 g of sodium laury sulfate ,flow rate was 1 mL ·min -1 ,detection wavelength was 257 nm .RESULTS The mean recoveries of sulfamethoxazole sulfadiazine and metodopramide were 99.78% , 99.82% , 99.90% ,respectively.CONCLUSIONS This method is simple, accurate.


Objective To explore the cause composition of chronic cough in Jincheng area for establishing a simple management strategy. Methods Chronic cough patients were recruited from the outpatient clinic of General Hospital of Jincheng Coal Industry Group from May 2013 to Februray 2014. The concept of hormone sensitive cough was introduced to analyze the cause composition and effectiveness for chronic cough using a simplified suspected diagnosis procedure and empirical strategy. Results A total of 109 patients with chronic cough were recruited. The mean age of these patients was( 40. 0 ± 14. 0) years. There were 50 male and 59 female patients with mean ages of( 45. 7 ± 10. 7) and( 38. 0 ± 12. 2) years respectively. The females were younger than the males( P 0. 05). A total of 104 cases( 95. 4%) were suspectedly diagnosed and 5 cases( 4. 6%) were undiagnosed. The main suspected causes of chronic cough were as follows: cough variant asthma( CVA),hormone sensitive cough( AC / EB),upper airway cough syndrome( UACS),and gastroesophageal reflux cough( GERC). Conclusion The main causes of chronic cough in Jincheng area are CVA,hormone sensitive( AC /EB),UACS and GERC. This method is simple,effective and affordable for primary diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough.


The invention relates to a signal sampling method, a data encrypting/decrypting method and an electronic device using the methods. The signal sampling method of the invention comprises the steps of: (a) applying a sampling action according to a sampling clock pulse signal; (b) calculating a maximal conversion sequence and a least conversion sequence of the input signal according to a relationship between the sampling action and a time period of a reference clock pulse signal in the step (a); (c) defining a potential conversion interval of the input signal according to the maximal conversion sequence and the least conversion sequence; and (d) determining the phase of the sampling clock pulse signal or phase of the input signal according to the potential conversion interval.


The problem of sudden death of young athletes continues to be actual. Among its reasons, primary electric myocardium diseases along with organic heart troubles (cardiomyopathies, cordites, anomalies of coronary arteries) take an important place. The most frequent variant of channelopathesis long QT syndrome (LQTS). Both inherited and acquired LQTS may be the reason of sudden cardiac death during physical activity and have to be revealed prior to sports admission. LQTS diagnostics in young athletes become problematic due to secondary exercise-related QT prolongation. Physical load test may reveal myocardium electric instability and enhance LQTS diagnostics accuracy without genetic testing. The aim was to study electrophysiological parameters of myocardium repolarization and reveal the signs of electrical instability as predictors of the life-threatening arrhythmias in young athletes during physical exercise test. In conclusion, electrophysiological myocardium parameters during physical exercise test noted to be markers of electrical myocardial instability and in combination with the other Schwartz criteria, was evidenced the inherited or acquired LQTS. QTc prolongation in athletes at the peak of exercise as well as in early recovery period were noted to be additional predictor life-threatening arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in young athletes


Research on race and gender inequalities in employment typically infers discrimination as an important causal mechanism. The authors' systematic explication of social closure as a discriminatory mechanism reveals that traditional analyses of structural effects and process are not competing, but rather complementary. Analyzing race and sex discrimination cases filed in Ohio from 1988 to 2003, the authors highlight dominant processes of social closure that impact discriminatory exclusion, expulsion, mobility, and harassment on the job. Rather than employing the typical cause and effect modeling centering on outcomes, qualitative analyses serve to clarify discriminatory processes at play. Commonalities between race and sex (e.g., particularistic criteria in evaluation) emerge, as do specific racialized and gendered processes. The authors discuss similarities and differences in process; tie qualitative insights to the existing literature; and discuss the implications of their results for theoretical formulations of structure, agency, and inequality within institutional/ organizational environments and society at large.


The article analyzes the interdisciplinary methodology of city research within the philosophical and cultural approach. The authors argue that at present, besides sociological and economic approaches to the interpretation of the city, the cultural and philosophical examination of city is of special interest. It combines both theoretical issues and the practical aspects. The authors present the philosophical and cultural analysis of the city as well as the general concept of chronotopia. The concept of chronotope, proposed by M. M. Bakhtin and his followers, is most often used as a tool for the analysis of fiction. According to the authors, the spatio-temporal diagnostics of the city also has significant theoretical and practical potential. The authors discuss various literary and philosophical texts analyzing the feautures and evolution of the "soul of the city" (written by Russians N.P. Antsiferov, I.M. Grevs, Y.M. Lotman, M.S. Kagan, I.I. Mitin as well as by foreign scholars Y. Slezkine, K. Schlogel, exploring the chronotope of Soviet cities). The article presents other modern Russian and foreign researchers who directly collaborated with the authors of this research in joint urban projects: M. Golovanivskaya ("syntax" of urban squares), "Ural matrix" (A. Ivanov, I. Lisovets, E. Trubina), chronotope of a small Israeli city (E. Rimon), Stanford chronotopes (J. Bender, D.E. Wellbery). Since the city, like any cultural phenomenon, manifests itself within a set of spatio-temporal coordinates, the chronotope can be considered as the basic tool for its philosophical and cultural interpretation. The article substantiates the practical aspects of applying chronotopia to the analysis of the city: chronotopes of the past and everyday life in cities of certain types, strategic opportunities and boundaries of the chronotopes of a given city. The authors concludes that the chro-notopia of city is a transdisciplinary field in the cultural and philosophical studies of the city.


The irrigation engineering of rainfall collecting and strorage is used in Zenggang village of Shengmi town in Xinjian county of Jiangxi province in order to slove the irrigation problem of the arid land of brent.


The forecasting performance of the Livingston survey and traditional prediction models of stock prices is analysed. The survey forecasts look similar to those from a 'too large' prediction model: poor out-of-sample performance and too sensitive to recent and irrelevant information.


The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of heating rate, annealing condition, and moisture content on the glass transition temperatures (Tg), onset of melting point (Tm), initial freezing point (TF), and enthalpy change during melting (Hm) of Samani dates using Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). Three different heating rates; 1, 5, and 10 °C/min were employed during DSC scan to study its effect on the thermal properties of dates. In addition, Samani samples were annealed for 30 min at -30 °C to study the effect of annealing on the same properties. Different levels of moisture content were also used to study its impact on the same properties. The results showed that as the heating rate increases, the Tg increases significantly (p<0.05). Also, annealing has a significant (p<0.05) effect on Tg and Hm and has no significant effect on Tm and TF values. Tg was decreased with the increase of moisture content, while Tm, TF, and Hm increased significantly (p<0.05) with increasing moisture content. The obtained results can be used to enhance stability of stored dates, maintain quality, and extend shelf life. The procedures developed can establish a protocol to yield phase transitions information for dates using DSC.


In this paper, we reveal new findings about the generated musical noise in minimum mean-square error short-time spectral amplitude (MMSE STSA) processing. Recently we have proposed a objective metric of musical noise based on kurtosis change ratio on spectral subtraction (SS). Also we found an interesting relationship among the degree of generated musical noise, the shapes of signal-s probability density function, the strength parameter of SS processing. This paper is aimed to automatically evaluate the sound quality of various types of noise reduction methods using kurtosis change ratio. We give a mathematical analysis based on higher-order statistics viewpoint, and lead to a valuable relation in that MMSE STSA has a weakness in speech period distortion rather than noise period, and vice versa in SS.


Editors' introduction: Patricia Gurin grew up in southern Indiana where citizens split in support of the South and the North during the Civil War, and where the Ku Klux Klan was founded. After graduating from Northwestern University, she worked with the American Friends Service Committee (the social action voice of the Quakers). Later, after earning her PhD in social psychology at the University of Michigan, she (with Edgar Epps) conducted a study of students attending historically Black colleges, focusing on how the vast majority integrated collective and individual achievements, worked with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), and stayed in college at the same time. That work initiated her life-long interest in personal and group identity. Most recently, Gurin presented expert testimony in the 2003 Supreme Court cases on affirmative action and the use of race in college admissions decisions. This social science evidence, providing strong support for the compelling interest for diversity in higher education, was widely cited in the majority opinion favoring race-conscious admission policies. Gurin brings this rich activist scholarship to her commentary and discusses the promise of practice and applied research for informing theory. She traces her own professional biography, one that evolved from being a researcher (using primarily national surveys) and teacher (primarily large lecture courses) to becoming intimately involved in teaching through interactive, small group learning communities. Gurin brings to light contributions from the articles that converge on theorizing about the social context such that the theorizing can take into account differences rather than be applied universally.


Introduction: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a leading cause of nosocomial diarrhea with increasing incidence, severity and mortality. We report the first study examining the risk and out...


Nowadays, car following models, as the most popular microscopic traffic flow modeling, are increasingly being used by transportation experts to evaluate new Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) applications. This paper presents a car following model that was developed using a fuzzy inference system (FIS) to simulate and predict the future behavior of a Driver-Vehicle- Unit (DVU). This model was developed based on a new idea for estimating the instantaneous reaction of DVU, as an input of fuzzy model. The model's performance was evaluated based on field data. The results showed that fuzzy model based on instantaneous reaction delay outperformed the other car following models. The proposed model can be used in Driver Assistant Devices, Safe Distance Keeping Observers, Collision Prevention Systems and other ITS applications.


Summary The ammonia content of evaporated milk was found to increase with increasing heat treatment. Trials with dialyzed and bisulfite-treated milks have shown that ammonia production is independent of browning reaction. It was found that, of the total ammonia in milk heated at 242° F. for 15min., 44% comes from urea, 26% from casein, and 23% from the whey proteins; the remaining 7% is attributed to dialyzable peptides and amino acids.


Objective: A pandemic is an epidemic of an infectious disease that has spread across a large region of the world and affects many people. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on ambulance use by pediatric patients in Ankara Province, Turkey.
Material and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the spring-summer of 2019 and 2020. The electronic medical records of pediatric patients who were transported to the hospital by ambulance were analyzed.
Results: It was determined that 49.6% of the 23.201 patients included in the study were transported during the pandemic period. Male gender was higher in both the pandemic and pre-pandemic periods, there was no difference in terms of average age. The rate of forensic cases and refugee patients increased, while that of emergency patients decreased. Both the arrival at the scene time and intervention time were prolonged. Medical cause was the most common cause of emergency calls in both years, however, it increased significantly in 2020. The decrease in cases of traffic accidents, suicides, and other accidents was statistically significant. In the pandemic period, total rate of COVID-19 infection and suspicion was 29.7%. Most of the patients had been referred to a public hospital.
Conclusion: It was found that most of the ambulances were used for transporting patients with minor illnesses that did not require immediate medical attention in pandemic period.


With the growing significance of the tourism industry and the increasing desire among travelers to discover new destinations, there is a need for effective recommender systems that cater to individual interests. Existing tourism mobile applications incorporate recommendation systems to alleviate information overload. However, these systems often overlook the varying importance of different items, resulting in suboptimal recommendations. In this research paper, a novel approach is proposed: a weighted parallel hybrid recommendation system. By considering item weights and leveraging parallel processing techniques, this method significantly enhances the accuracy of the similarity between items, leading to improved recommendation quality and precision. With this approach, users can efficiently and effectively explore new destinations that align with their unique preferences and interests, thereby enhancing their overall tourism experience and satisfaction. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed weighted parallel hybrid recommendation system, we conducted experiments using a dataset consisting of 20 users. The results demonstrated that the proposed approach achieved an impressive classification accuracy of 80%. A comparative analysis revealed that the proposed approach outperformed that of existing systems and achieved the best results in terms of classification accuracy. This finding highlights the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method in generating and promoting sustainable travel experiences by developing a personalized recommendations system for the unique preferences and interests of individual users.


This paper presented a new model of the red tide in Fujian Province by BP neural network (BPNN) based on five sets of marine condition data between 2015 to 2019. Data cleansing and normalization were applied before the training. The 12-fold cross-validation reduced the shortage of data. As a result, this model could get a related correct prediction of red tide in this particular area.


This article presents a comparison of the male and female leadership style. Research on female leadership behaviors indicates that women tend to adopt more accommodative strategies than their male ...


The drag of a half-scale aircraft laser turret is investigated in a low-speed wind tunnel. Forces, moments, and pressures are recorded fortheturretand aft-mounted fairings and splitter plates. Oil traces and tufts indicatethat the e ow is characterized by dominant vortices shedding from the top of the turret and a large trailing wake of vorticity. Splitter plates are ineffective in reducing drag as a result of the strong e ow over the top of the turret. A small fairing reduces the baseline drag coefe cient by 49% but is unable to produce attached e ow near the turret. A large fairing eliminates nearly all separation regions and reduces the baseline drag coefe cient by 55%.


Welcome to IPDPS 2004 in Santa Fe. This year's program includes 17 workshops with a total of 306 papers. Many of the workshops have grown steadily in strength and are now operating with parallel sessions or on multiple days. We are pleased to welcome one new workshop this year, in the area of High Performance Grid Computing. As always, we are looking for new workshop proposals for the next IPDPS.


Energy-dependent mass spectra are presented for the most prominent ions produced upon photoionization of hydroxylamine. Two distinct thresholds are oberved for mass 31, which we attribute to onsets for formation of HNO/sup +/ and NOH/sup +/. The corresponding heats of formation are ..delta..H/sup 0//sub f/,0 (HNO/sup +/) = 256.8 +- 1.4 kcal/mol and ..delta..H/sup 0//sub f/,0 (NOH/sup +/) = 274.8 +- 0.7 kcal/mol. The thresholds for mass 32, which we tentatively ascribe to H/sub 2/NO/sup +/, corresponds to 224.6 +- 0.2 kcal/mol for its heat of formation. Each of these entities can therefore be produced in an exothermic reaction of H/sup +//sub 3/ with NO, and represent mechanisms for depleting NO in the interstellar clouds. Experimental breakdown diagrams are generated and compared with predictions of QET. It is found necessary to invoke a three-body decomposition to explain some observations at higher energy. A theory is presented to accommodate this process within the framework of QET.


By film-forming the n-layer coverage is excellent at a high speed, there is provided a manufacturing method of a photoelectric conversion device in which both high productivity and high conversion efficiency. By a plasma CVD method, a method for manufacturing a photoelectric conversion device 100, which includes a step of forming a photoelectric conversion layer 3 of the silicone on the substrate 1, the step of forming the photoelectric conversion layer 3 , comprising the step of forming the i-layer (42) step, the i layer 42, n layer on, under the following conditions hydrogen dilution 0 times or more and 10 times (43) for forming a formed of a crystalline silicon method of producing a photoelectric conversion device (100) according to claim.


Besides causing severe damage, flooding in the Mekong river delta (MKRD) brings some benefit for this area by washing away acidic and salty water from the soil and therefore fertilizes it by the deposition of sediment. Thus, solving flood problems in this area is important. After the historical flood of 2000, dike, embankment, and road systems in the MKRD in Vietnam were upgraded. This change affected to some extent the propagation of the extremely big flood in 2001 that occurred immediately thereafter. This study aims to use HydroGis software with integration by a numerical hydrodynamic model and GIS tools to simulate and analyze the inundation influenced by this infrastructure change. Simulated results have showed obvious differences between the situations before and after systems upgrading.


A "no-lock" printing plate assembly including a plate cylinder having a smooth plate-supporting surface interrupted by an axial groove defining leading and trailing edges, at least the leading edge having a flat undercut end face with a register pin anchored therein. The plate is formed of a thin sheet of resilient material having a smooth undersurface and which is bent over adjacent its ends to define leading and trailing edge portions having respective longitudinal notches, the bend adjacent the leading edge making an acute angle and the bend adjacent the trailing edge making a wide obtuse angle. The width of the gap is substantially greater than twice the plate thickness and the edge portions of the plate are spaced and dimensioned so that when the plate is installed the bends are peripherally spaced from one another to provide clearance between them. The trailing edge portion of the plate is outwardly sprung causing the trailing edge of the plate to be in pressing engagement with the leading edge portion. "Ironing" of the plate by a cooperating cylinder results in the taking up of at least a portion of the clearance between the bends and cyclically renews a vacuum seal under the plate tending to hold the plate in position notwithstanding the effect of centrifugal force.


The electromagnetic radiation and scattering by perfectly conducting objects of arbitrary shape involving both vertical and horizontal electric dipoles (VED and HED) in layered dielectric media has become an increasingly important topic of research and development. This is due to the several applications where the couplings of these dipoles are encountered. These applications include feeding probes and shorting posts in microstrip circuits, vias in microwave and digital integrated circuits, as well as vertical and inclined antennas near earth or ocean surface. This paper provides a technique to efficiently model the coupling of VED and HED in layered media. It starts by Sommerfeld choice of the vector potentials associated with the VED and HED in layered media. The scalar potentials are derived via the Lorentz gauge and are found to be different for charges associated with the VED and HED. The full wave spatial Green's functions are obtained using the complex image technique. This technique avoids the time-consuming Sommerfeld integrals and yield a highly convergent closed-form solution for the spatial Green's function. The solution has the form of superposition of real images which represent the low frequency solution, surface waves which are dominant in the far field, as well as complex images which include the radiation effect. The closed-form representation of the potential Green's functions enables one to efficiently use the moment method to model several practical structures involving both the VED and HED.


Polycrystalline thin films of platinum containing amounts of carbon up to 17 at.% have been prepared by dc reactive sputtering. Although bulk properties were also investigated, emphasis is given here to the surface study of these films by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The Pt and C core level intensities, the Pt 4f asymmetry, and the valence band spectra are consistent with the existence of a surface phase of the type Pt‐Cx.


Thermal noise is the main source of noise in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) technique. The image is commonly reconstructed by computing inverse discrete Fourier transform of the raw data. The noise in the reconstructed complex data is complex white gaussian noise. The magnitude of the reconstructed magnetic resonance image is used for diagnosis and automatic computer analysis. An efficient method for enhancement of noisy magnetic resonance image using Bilateral filter in the undecimated wavelet domain is proposed. Undecimated Wavelet Transform (UDWT) is employed to provide effective representation of the noisy coefficients. The filter coefficients of the UDWT are not up sampled with increase in the level of decomposition. Applying bilateral filter on the transformed approximation coefficients, effectively preserves the relevant edge features and removes the noisy coefficients. The reconstructed MRI data has high peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) compared to the classical wavelet domain denoising approaches.


ABSTRACT This article focuses on business continuity (BC) in Iran petrochemical industry. It attempts to investigate the industry environment with regard to risk factors, experienced disruptions, effectiveness of conducted countermeasures, and the extent of BC management implementation. In addition, by surveying relevant attributes among petrochemical companies, data mining techniques are used to analyze the empirical data and discover useful knowledge and relationships among these attributes based on the cross-industry standard process for DM methodology. Extracted association rules and patterns can be helpful in gaining more insight into BC in petrochemical industry and in promoting it.


ABSTRACT Background Numerous studies have explored miRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, its diagnostic accuracy remains controversial. Research design and methods PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal, and Wanfang Databases were searched according to inclusion/exclusion criteria. The quality of the studies was assessed using the QUADAS-2 scale. The combined sensitivity, specificity, positive/negative likelihood ratios, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the curve (AUC) of the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) were calculated using a bivariate mixed-effect model. Results Of the 16 studies included, 20 diagnostic tests were assessed. Results are presented with a corresponding 95% confidence interval in brackets: for miR-210, the combined sensitivity was 0.78 (0.68–0.85), specificity 0.71 (0.61–0.79), and AUC 0.81 (0.77–0.8); for miR-378, combined sensitivity 0.78 (0.68–0.86), specificity 0.79 (0.64–0.89), and AUC 0.85 (0.81–0.88); for miR-1233, combined sensitivity 0.86 (0.80–0.90), specificity 0.80 (0.36–0.96), and AUC 0.86 (0.83–0.89); for miR-21, combined sensitivity 0.84 (0.78–0.89), specificity 0.79 (0.55–0.92), and AUC 0.87 (0.84–0.89). Conclusions This meta-analysis suggests that miR-210, miR-378, miR-1233, and miR-21 have high accuracy in diagnosing RCC.


A real-time and intelligent vehicle guiding system for a park comprises a central information processing module, a vehicle information sensor module, a signal guiding module and a man-machine interaction module. By a guiding mode in the system, vehicles are guided independently; drivers do not need to know the information about the inner structure of the park and parking positions in advance, can be guided in a whole path by the system, and can easily find out suitable parking positions; when the drivers of vehicles want to leave away from the park, the system can guide the drivers to run out of the park; the available parking positions can be automatically selected by the system; and a vehicle running guiding signal indicating mode is simple and easy to recognize. The drivers of the vehicles in the park and staff members of the park can know the number and the distribution conditions of the current available parking positions by the man-machine interaction module, the parking positions can also be set by the man-machine interaction module, and the parking efficiency of the park is greatly improved.


Zircon is one of the useful accessory-minerals for some geochronometers such as U-Pb dating, and the concentrations and isotopic ratios of major and trace elements have been used as an indicator of the magmatic and metamorphic environment. The concentrations and the isotopic ratios of Li in zircon analyzed using secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS) provide useful information for the existence of liquid water in the early earth 's surface and the contribution to felsic magma (e.g., [1]). We found extreme Li-enriched zircons ([Li]: ~300-600 ppm) in orthopyroxene-felsic-gneiss collected from the Harvey Nunatak within the ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism region in the Napier Complex, East Antarctica by the 58th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE-58) Geological Field Survey Team. The zircons are characterized based on the concentration of the other trace element (K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Al, P, and rare earth elements(REE)) analyzed by a single-collector type sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP-IIe) [2]. Some of the zircon grains collected from the Opx-felsic gneiss are hydrothermally altered because the zircons indicate high concentrations of non-formula elements such as Ca, Mn, Fe, Al, K, and light REE. The altered zircon grains indicate lower Li concentrations than


We present a map of the diffuse ultraviolet cosmic background in two wavelength bands (FUV: 1530 Å and NUV: 2310 Å) over almost 75% of the sky using archival data from the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) mission. Most of the diffuse flux is due to dust-scattered starlight and follows a cosecant law with slopes of 545 photons cm−2 s−1 sr−1 Å−1 and 433 photons cm−2 s−1 sr−1 Å−1 in the FUV and NUV bands, respectively. There is a strong correlation with the 100 μm Infrared Astronomy Satellite (IRAS) flux with an average UV/IR ratio of 300 photons cm−2 s−1 sr−1 Å−1 (MJy sr−1)−1 in the FUV band and that of 220 photons cm−2 s−1 sr−1 Å−1 (MJy sr−1)−1 in the NUV band but with significant variations over the sky. In addition to the large-scale distribution of the diffuse light, we note a number of individual features including bright spots around the hot stars Spica and Achernar.


The effect of fish consumption on the risk of cardiovascular disease has been extensively studied. Omega-3 fatty acids present in fish, namely eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid ( ...


Background: Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver injury. The most important predictor of mortality in NAFLD is the extent of liver fibrosis. Advanced liver fibrosis is associated with overall and liver related mortality. The upcoming non-invasive imaging modality for the evaluation of liver fibrosis is transient elastography (TE) (Fibro scan®). The aim of this study is to assess hepatopathy among diabetics using TE and to correlate the degree of hepatopathy with the associated risk factors.Methods: Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were assessed for liver stiffness using TE. Liver stiffness was correlated with the associated risk factors. Authors recruited 100 patients from diabetic clinic in tertiary care teaching hospital.Results: About 55% of males and 39% of females had increased liver stiffness. 14% of males and 11% of females had severe fibrosis(F3-F4). Body mass index, waist circumference, fasting blood sugar levels, and liver enzymes, had significant positive correlation with liver stiffness whereas triglyceride levels, high-density lipoprotein levels, and duration of diabetes mellitus did not correlate with liver stiffness.Conclusions: Diabetic patients have high prevalence of NAFLD and advanced fibrosis. Those with obesity and dyslipidaemia are at particularly high risk. Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with hepatopathy can be easily identified using TE scan eliminating the need for liver biopsy. The establishment of a national program for the recognition of NAFLD is essential to reduce the risk of liver disease progression.


A 40-year-old man without risk factors presented to the emergency department after a recurrent syncope at rest. Despite his excessive abdominal fat, he underwent physical training (2 h every day). Family history disclosed that his father had died suddenly during sleep at the age of 43 years. Laboratory tests were normal. Baseline ECG showed a sinus rhythm of 91 bpm, first-degree atrioventricular block (PR 220 ms), narrow QRS complex …


The main aim of this contribution lies in the description of mechanical properties fiber cement composites after exposure to high temperatures. Destructive and non-destructive methods were used to investigate the influence of heat loading. The effect of refractory binder compared to common Portland cement binder was observed. Widespread non-destructive testing method can describe the changes of mechanical properties due to influence of external load e.g. high temperature at the level of 1000 °C. The tensile strength and compressive strength were investigated on specimens 40 x 40 x 160 mm. Before these destructive tests dynamic modulus of elasticity and tentative compressive strength were provided.


This text gives an overview of the histories of Grayson County, Texas and of the county seat, Sherman touching on government, business, religion, organizations, and other aspects of life. The book also contains advertisements from local businesses.


The Rosa spp seed oil was extracted by ultrasonic-assist and its fatty acid composition was analyzed by GC-MS.The results showed that the major fatty acids were palmitic acid(5.88%),oleic acid(12.39%),linoleic acid(56.52%) and linolenic acid(23.50%).The oil contained 92.41% unsaturated fatty acids.


AbstractThe microenvironment of the electrodes in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is critical to its performance and is significantly affected by the distribution of water and heat...


This study deals with the cumulative pitch variations in DIN male contacts. A connector provides a separable interface between two subsystems of an electronic system. DIN is a series of connector which stands for Deutsch Institut fur Normung. They are used for applications like switching, transmission, radio base stations, control units and machines. Connector manufacturing involves stamping, moulding, plating and assembly processes. Manufacturing of contacts is known as stamping. Stamped contacts are then plated and they are assembled to the moulded insulator to form a connector. The purpose of this study is to eliminate pitch variations occurring during the stamping of DIN contacts. Keywords— DIN connector, Stamping, Pareto chart, Cause and effect diagram.


The subcutaneous implantation of testosterone propionate increased the greasy fleece weight of grazing Merino wethers. The response was modified by the frequency of implantation and the age of the wethers at first implantation: older wethers generally produced a smaller response than younger wethers. Treatment invariably reduced the degree of skin folding and increased the surface area estimated from live-weight relative to the untreated sheep but there was not always a net increase in wool growing surface. Increased fibre diameter usually accounted for a large part of the increase in production per unit area although increased staple length and fibre density were important in some treatments. Increased secretion of wax and suint was observed in all treatments but the magnitude of this response appeared to be dependent upon the age of first treatment, SO that the implantation of testosterone into wethers six months old or less produced a larger increase in the clean fleece weight than that obtained from wethers first implanted at twelve months of age.


In the present study, we aimed to assess the influence of different social contexts on the seminal coagulation and sperm quality in captive tufted capuchin monkeys. For this, males were housed either individually, in mixed‐sex groups (with females), or in male‐only groups. Monkeys were housed in cages and each cage type (i.e., individual or group cage) was placed in a different room. Forty‐one males were subjected to semen collection by rectal electroejaculation. The degree of seminal coagulation was determined on a scale of I–IV. Seminal volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility, vigor, and plasma membrane integrity were evaluated for all ejaculate samples. All ejaculates collected showed degrees of coagulation between II and IV, where the majority presented coagulation degree IV, when collected from animals housed in groups. No statistical differences among percentages of coagula degree when samples were collected from males housed individually. Animals housed in group cages (male‐only groups and mixed‐sex groups) showed a significantly higher percentage of ejaculates at degree IV than males housed individually. Seminal volume was not affected by the coagula degree but by the housing system, where animals housed individually showed the highest volume (543 μl) when compared with those animals from male (273 μl) and mixed‐sex (318 μl) groups. No differences were observed in semen volume when comparing male‐only groups with mixed‐sex groups. Sperm motility was affected by both housing system and coagula degree. Samples with coagula degree IV from animals housed individually showed the highest (72%) sperm motility percentages. Sperm plasma membrane integrity was lower when samples were presenting coagula degree II + III and collected from male‐ (17%) or mixed‐sex (23%) groups. However, this housing system effect was not observed when sperm was obtained from coagula degree IV semen. Sperm vigor was neither affect by housing system or coagula degree.


In the 1960s the distribution of the Netherlands population changed from the original net in-migration of the West in a net out-migration. Residential preferences acquired greater weight in the explanation of the migration pattern; this chapter reviews these preferences and how they lead to actual migration. 3 levels of residential preferences are identified: 1) the nature and type of dwelling and its immediate surroundings 2) the characteristics of the settlement in which the dwelling is situated and 3) the wider surroundings in which the dwelling is situated. Based on a 1975 and 1976 survey of 2500 households the latter preference is studied in detail. Results reveal that 1/3 of the Dutch households are motivated by residential factors to consider interregional migration. The inclination to migrate is relatively great in highly urbanized regions. Other important regional characteristics of importance for residential preferences are: 1) scenic characteristics 2) quality of the physical environment 3) characteristics of the housing market and 4) possibilities for making social contacts. Households which vary according to family phase and educational level do not differ significantly in the residential factors which they consider important. However younger people and more educated people have lower thresholds for migrating than older people and less educated people. Overall residential preferences and the resulting inclination to migrate are strongly influenced by the households perception of characteristics of the residential environment of the regions; this perception is determined by actual characteristics as well as familiarity with other regions. Future changes in the inclination to migrate on the basis of residential preferences may be brought about by changes in perceptions of regions--a result of modern communication.


Floods and landslides are crisis conditions for farmers who have the potential to cause trauma. The capacity of farmers to deal with, overcome and change due to traumatic experiences varies throughout life. Resilience will form coping mechanisms and influence mental health. Method: This research is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. Questionnaires were given to 100 farmers. Resilience was assessed using The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Univariate statistical analysis to determine the proportion of resilience. Results: The mean resilience of farmers after a disaster is 95.72. Discussion: Resilience is a stable personality trait characterized by an individual's ability to rise again from negative experiences and the ability to adapt to continual changes in life. Farmers who are directly affected by a disaster are in a traumatic condition, so they are very vulnerable to stress. The mental endurance of each farmer is different, according to the influencing factors


We experimentally demonstrate amplification of picosecond pulses in a PSA, discuss the tolerance on residual delay and dispersion on the signal and idler, and also show the first demonstration of pulse compression in a PSA.


This study is devoted to estimating the allowable angular separation between devices operating in ultra-dense radio access networks in the millimeter frequency range, for the subsequent formation of a three-dimensional radiation pattern with optimal characteristics by the base station antenna array. The content of this work can be divided into two parts. In the first part of this work, a mathematical formalization of the number of radio emission sources estimation and their angular coordinates is given. Based on the presented mathematical model and the developed simulation program, in the second part of the work, the study and determination of the accuracy characteristics of the angular separation of devices depending on interference in the scenario of diagram formation of ultra-dense radio access networks when devices use the combined azimuth and elevation measurement algorithm are carried out.


Nora Ikstena's "Mātes piens" (Mother's Milk; published in English as Soviet Milk) is one of the novels in the book series "MĒS. Latvija, XX gadsimts" (We. Latvia. The 20th Century). It describes the difficulties that can arise in the mother-daughter relationship, describes the Soviet time's environment and its impact on everyday life. The historical novel "Mātes piens" has been published in 25 countries, which means that this novel has been translated into many different cultures, which are less familiar with the mentality of the Latvian people and the USSR times in Latvia. Therefore, it is crucial how the text is translated or whether the style and the particular poetics of Nora Ikstena's language in this novel are accurately reproduced. Therefore, the scientific research work "Quality of Translated Comparisons of Nora Ikstena's "Soviet Milk" and "Молоко матери"" was developed. Comparisons requiring the translator to take into account both the content and the meaning of the words were analysed, as well as the aspect of language imagery and culture. The novel was translated into English by Margita Gailīts, and into Russian by Ludmila Nukņeviča.
The events of the novel "Soviet Milk" take place from the end of the Second World War until the 1980s. The main character is a daughter, whose story is intertwined with the life stories of her mother and grandmother. The novel portrays the daughter's struggle with her mother's depression, which has deprived her of emotional intimacy with her mother since birth; the daughter continues to hope and gain her mother's love, helping in times of crisis and ignoring several rejections.
Although the translation process is very old, the question about the translation quality is still relevant. Using sources of information and gaining theoretical knowledge of the translation process, an error estimation method was developed that allows the word "quality" to be quantified.
Literary translation is mostly separated from other translation types and put into a separate category, usually because the meaning of a literary work cannot be clarified in simple terms presented today. It is also difficult to analyse what the reader expects from the translation. Since there cannot be one right way of translating literature, the sense of the translator's ethical duty to the author is the most important. However, this is very limited by how well the translator understands the author's intentions and what is said and how much freedom the translator is given to change the text to find the most appropriate way to express the idea in the language. (Sager 1994)
Four groups were divided by Juliane House's theory (House 2014; House 2017) about overt errors. Text translation errors are divided into 2 categories – covert and overt. Covert errors are difficult to notice because, superficially, from a grammatical point of view, the sentence is correct, but its content is not logical or acceptable. The overt errors detected are obvious, constitute a systematic error. Overt errors are divided into 7 groups: 1 – not translated; 2 – a slight change in meaning; 3 – a significant change in meaning; 4 – distortion of meaning; 5 – breach of SL system; 6 – creative translation; 7 – cultural filtering.
64 comparisons in Latvian, 64 equivalents in Russian, and 55 equivalents in English were excerpted (9 comparisons were not translated). Translations of comparisons were divided into 4 groups: 1) accurately translated, 2) translations with minor changes, 3) culturally harmonized translations, 4) untranslated comparisons. Translations of comparisons that scored 5 points or more are considered qualitatively translated, given that there are no significant errors.
There is no single fundamental criterion for the quality of a translation against which all translated texts can be judged. There are several definitions of quality translation, and quality is affected by many factors. The translations of comparisons in both foreign languages (English and Russian) are of high quality; they received high marks if they were analysed according to the error evaluation table because the maximum number of points that could be obtained was 6 points and no comparative translation was lower than 5 points. The Russian translation is more successful (comparative translations more often scored 6 points) than the English translation, which can be justified by the fact that the Russian language is historically and geographically a neighbor of the Latvian language, but the English language and culture are remote. Phraseological comparisons are translated literally and also more accurately into Russian; there are more of the same equivalents in the target culture. When evaluating comparisons that use the concepts of biblical story motifs or images of Greek mythology, they are mostly accurately translated into the target languages, as the target cultures are well acquainted with this religion and Greek mythology. One of the most important findings – not only literal translations are of high quality; it is much more important to express them in a way that is understandable to the target culture while maintaining the author's writing style and the text's main idea, paying attention to details.


Objective It is to explore the therapeutic effect of Jiawei Sini Pulvi s (JWSNP) on fatty liver (FL) patient with hyperlipaemia. Methods 73 patients wi th FL and hyperlipaemia were randomized into treatment group and control group. 43 patients in treatment group were treated with JWSNP and 30 patients in contro l group were treated with Dongbao Gantai tablet. The treatment course of both gr oups was two months. The clinical effect and the level of blood cholesterol, tri glyleride, high density lipoprotein and blood viscosity were observed respective ly before and after treatment. Results The total effective rate of treated group was 93.02% and that of control group was 76.67%. The difference between two gro ups was significant ( P 0.05). Conclusion JWSNP can significa ntly improve the cli nical symptom, the level of blood lipid and viscosity in FL patients with hyperl ipaemia.


Data on 2,365 Mecheri sheep (1,201 males and 1,164 females), maintained at the Mecheri Sheep Research Station, Pottaneri, India, and recorded between 1979 and 2006, were analysed to study the growth related traits and their genetic control. The body weights at different ages (i.e. at birth, weaning (3 months), 6, 9 and 12 months) were recorded and collected from the birth and growth registers maintained in the farm. The average weights of Mecheri sheep at birth, and at 12 months of age were 2.24±0 .01 and 16.81±0.15 kg respectively. The pre- and post-weaning average daily weight gains were 63.84±0.75 and 29.52±0.43 g respectively. Study revealed a significant difference with the period of lambing on body weight, weight gain and efficiency in weight gain at different stages of growth. Males were heavier and had a higher weight gain than females at almost all stages of growth and the differences tended to increase with age. The direct heritability estimates increased from birth to six months of age and then decreased. The direct heritabilities of all body weights at different stages of growth were low to moderate in magnitude and the values at birth, weaning, six, nine and 12 months of age were 0.08, 0.17, 0.21, 0.13 and 0.10 respectively. For the estimation of heritability at birth and three months body weights, the direct additive genetic and maternal additive genetic effects have to be taken into account and for the estimation of six months weight, the direct additive genetic and maternal permanent environmental effects have to be included in the model. The estimates of heritability, phenotypic and genetic correlations among the different body weights indicated that the selection for improving the body weights at different traits should be done on the basis of three or six months weight because of higher heritability estimates and


This paper describes several attempts to optimize double flow control devices (DFCD), which was invented by some of the authors for achieving better film cooling performance of gas turbine cooling holes. The device is a pair of protrusions with the shape of hemi-spheroid attached to the turbine blade surface just upstream of each of cooling holes. It was revealed through the previous studies that the device was able to improve film effectiveness dramatically. However, the device was optimized under a low coolant-main flow density ratio condition, i.e., DR=0.85, therefore the device should be re-optimized for its application to real turbine vanes and blades where high density ratio conditions are expected. In this study, we use CFD-based Taguchi Method to optimize the shape and configuration of the device for the flow with BR (blowing ratio) = 1.0 and DR=1.5. In the experiment, we employ CO2 as the cooling air to achieve the flow condition of DR=1.5, which also allows us to measure the film effectiveness by use of PSP technique.


To research the deformation regularity of large section loess tunnel in construction procession with different construction methods, 3D Numerical Simulation is applied and the large-section loess tunnel of highway is taken as an example. Comparing deformation regularity of surrounding rock in three types of construction method conditions, the research results show that:The CRD method takes precedence in the condition of the convergence of surrounding rock is large. The both sides heading method takes precedence in the condition of ground surface settlement is large.