Let $G$ be a profinite group, $X$ a discrete $G$-spectrum with trivial action, and $X^{hG}$ the continuous homotopy fixed points. For any $N \trianglelefteq_o G$ ("$o$" for open), $X = X^N$ is a $G/N$-spectrum with trivial action. We construct a zigzag $\text{colim}\,_N \,X^{hG/N} \buildrel\Phi\over\longrightarrow \text{colim}\,_N \,(X^{hN})^{hG/N} \buildrel\Psi\over\longleftarrow X^{hG}$, where $\Psi$ is a weak equivalence. When $\Phi$ is a weak equivalence, this zigzag gives an interesting model for $X^{hG}$ (for example, its Spanier-Whitehead dual is $\text{holim}\,_N \,F(X^{hG/N}, S^0)$). We prove that this happens in the following cases: (1) $|G| 0$. Given (3), for each $U$, there is a weak equivalence $X \buildrel\simeq\over\longrightarrow X^{hU}$ and $X^{hG} \simeq X^{hG/U}$. For case (3), we give a series of corollaries and examples. As one instance of a family of examples, if $p$ is a prime, $K(n_p,p)$ the $n_p$th Morava $K$-theory $K(n_p)$ at $p$ for some $n_p \geq 1$, and $\mathbb{Z}_p$ the $p$-adic integers, then for each $m \geq 2$, (3) is satisfied when $G \leqslant \prod_{p \leq m} \mathbb{Z}_p$ is closed, $X = \bigvee_{p > m} (H\mathbb{Q} \vee K(n_p,p))$, and $\{U\} := \{N_G \mid N_G \trianglelefteq_o G\}$.


The paper follows the way in which a spontaneous protest has transform during time, in a successful alternative music festival. The analysis presented in the article presentation not only the way in which festival succeeded to stop the unsustainable development situation in 2Mai and Vama Veche villages, but mainly the way in which festival has contributed continuously to a sustainable development of the territorial area. In this sense the analysis concentrates in the first faze on the role of the first concert from the Stufstock Festival to a civically mobilization. Present material refers to the transformation of the movement called Salvati Vama Veche, association legally constituted, and also the results obtained by the organization for bio-cultural conservation of the two coast villages. The second focus is on the analysis of the benefits on which the festival brought for developing the local community during the 10 organized editions. The festival could be considered a common good (commons) (Ostrom, 1990). Not at least the analysis follows the way in which the festival has succeeded to contribute to the development of an artistic niche community, offering notoriety to an alternative artistic group in the assertion stage.


(57) In one aspect of the Abstract: The present invention, non-volatile latch element comprising one or more magnetic elements therein are provided. By programming the magnetic elements to appropriate resistance values, the latching element, upon power-up, take the pre-programmed state. The magnetic element is preferably programmed using one or two layers word line. In another aspect of the present invention, a magnetic element utilizing only CoFe as active ferromagnetic layers, the one ferromagnetic layer is thinner than the other, is formed as a pseudo spin valve structure. Thus, to maintain a high moment material while simplifying the design, to achieve a large GMR ratios.


At present, as medical care sites use more and more IT system, information systems have come to play an important role in the business operation of medical organizations. It is an important goal for management at medical organization in Taiwan to keep the security of medical informatics. HIPAA had been run about ten years in USA, thought its efficiency has still remained to be seen, HIPAA has become the benchmark of the information governance in the information security of medical industry. The Department of Health of Taiwan had adapted from HIPAA and issued the HISPP/GD that included 9 principles and 12 articles altogether. This text will probe into the ISO/DIS 27799, the feasibility of applying it to the management of domestic medical organization and the corresponding detail of ISMS. By this way, we hope that Taiwan's medical organization can build a medical information system and manageable environment that according with the security requirements of confidentiality, integrality and availability.


The simulation of multibody dynamical systems often requires the determination of the separation or interference distance between two moving objects. That is the case of robotic systems where it is often required to perform such distance queries at a very high speed. Some algorithms obtain the exact separation or interference distance while sacrificing computational speed, whereas other algorithms give fast results by sacrificing precision. In this paper, a novel two-stage optimization-based strategy is proposed to allow fast and precise distance calculations. In the first stage, a novel pruning strategy is used in order to obtain features that are closest to the other object and vice-versa. In the second stage, the set of closest features are used in a more common local optimization technique in order to solve a simple constrained optimization problem. The set of surfaces obtained through the pruning method is only a small subset of those describing the entire objects. As a result, the solution time needed to find the exact distance using the local optimization method in the second stage is drastically reduced. Numerical examples showing the algorithm's capabilities are included


Based on the basic assumption of the actual internal forces of appro aching to reinforced concrete beam,the calculating formulas of coefficient of r einforced concrete beam with T-shaped section were presented according to the a nalytical results.The paper also studied the influence of section geomatric siz e changes on ductility of T-shaped section,and compared then with those of rec tangular section.The analytical results can be taken as references for engineer ing designers.


This chapter offers a more detailed analysis of some of Justice Antonin Scalia's most striking inconsistencies. Its first section addresses Scalia's use of James Madison as a principal and particularly prestigious originalist source, especially his essays in the Federalist Papers. The chapter examines in particular his inconsistent uses of Madison's writings in such cases as United States v. Windsor and Morrison v. Olson and in his attitude toward affirmative action and Madison's idea of the "extended republic" in his decisions on the Eleventh Amendment. The chapter shows that he used Madison when his writings supported Scalia's own views but ignored him when they contradicted those views. The chapter's second section examines two of Scalia's most dubious actions on the Court, joining the five-justice conservative majority in Shelby County v. Holder and writing a deeply flawed opinion for the Court in Boyle v. United Technologies. The chapter argues that the two cases show Scalia at his most inconsistent, contradictory, and willful in serving his ideological and political goals, in the first case voiding a critical provision of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and in the second expanding federal common law to protect military contractors from tort suits.


We, the named authors, hereby wholly retract this Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics article. Signed: Francois Quentel, Guillaume Passard and Frederic Gloaguen, France, March 2012. Retraction endorsed by Philip Earis, Managing Editor. Retraction published 1st March 2012.


The present protocol broadens the scope of the recently developed β-alkylation of pyrroles with (terminal) alkynes by replacement of the alkynes with carbonyl compounds.


Measurements of the daytime ozone distribution in the stratosphere have been made with an improved rocket ozonesonde (ROCOZ-A). Vertical cumulative ozone as a function of geometric altitude is the basic information content of these measurements. The instrument-to-instrument repeatability of the ozonesonde was determined by two series of four soundings each. At one standard deviation the instrument repeatability averages from 2.0 to 2.5% over the entire altitude range of the instrument. The worst measured repeatability is 3.7% at 55 km for one of the flight series.


Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Despite all the strict precautions, the epidemic probably continues rapidly due to new mutations and negatively affects the whole world. The presence of comorbid diseases has been associated with poor clinical outcomes. We aimed to examine the return of COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular comorbidity to their former Activities of Daily Living (ADL).
Methods: The research population was selected from patients who admitted to the outpatient clinic from November 2020 to January 2021. 80 consecutive patients with cardiovascular comorbidity were included in the Study Group (SG). The Control Group (CG) included 100 patients of similar age range and gender, without cardiovascular comorbidities. Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) test was performed in both groups to evaluate changes in ADL. Outpatients were visited until return to their former ADL with telecommunications at appropriate intervals.
Results: Symptoms limiting ADL, such as fatigue (weakness), shortness of breath, and myalgia, were significantly higher in SG than CG (p < 0.05). In contrast, anosmia and ageusia were significantly higher in CG than SG (p < 0.001). Pre-COVID-19 NHP scores were similar in both groups. However, at admission, SG's NHP scores were significantly higher than CG's (p < 0.001). Related to this, limitations in ADL (p < 0.001) and recovery times (p < 0.05) were higher in SG than CG.
Conclusion: In this study, we observed that COVID-19 was more symptomatic in those with cardiovascular comorbidities, such as a higher limitation in ADL and a longer recovery time.


lesbians engaged in sex work with men to support themselves and their families, or had children, these experiences deviated from ideal-typical portraits of lesbians, leading these individuals to interrogate their gender and sexual identities. Chapter 4 addresses the contours of masculine domination and intimate-partner violence in same-sex relationships, particularly in relationships between men. Field research throughout the country familiarised Lorway with the intersections of ethnic group dynamics, poverty, and gay and bisexual men's increased risk of HIV/AIDS. Chapter 5 elucidates the 'foreigner fetish narratives' of some black gay men and charts three black gay men's relationships with white Namibian and foreign men, teasing out the complexity of black gay men's self-fashioning amid LGBT rights discourses of freedom and authenticity (p. 120). Namibia's Rainbow Project is a monograph that will captivate readers and help to dispel persisting misconceptions about queer Africans. This book is likely to interest students and scholars of social movements, gender, and sexuality in southern Africa and scholars who specialise in Namibia.


During the present research work, total of 901 specimens were collected and maximum population 67.92 % (N = 612) was recorded from tomato-control fields and least population 32.08% (N = 289) was recorded from tomato-treated fields.Collected soil samples were analyzed for salinity effects. The analysis showed that among cauliflower control fieldsoccurrence level of soil macro-fauna spawn their life in accordance with natural manner; because along the season their occurring level was recorded in normal frequencies. At the beginning, their population was recorded least, it acceleratesup to fourth sampling wise and then trends toward reduction. While in cauliflower treated fields, salinity level was not recorded in disciplinary manner. It holds up or down as per overall nature of irrigation water. Consequently, frequency of soil macro-fauna was also disturb and tends toward reduction. Diversity was recorded maximum among cauliflower control fields (0.1530) and least was recorded among cauliflower treated fields (0.0723). Evenness ratio was also recorded in same context (0.0549and 0.0294, respectively). Dominance was recorded maximum from cauliflower control fields (1.0549) and least from cauliflower treated fields (1.0294).  However, richness was a little bit recorded high among cauliflower treated fields (11.6633) and least among cauliflower control fields (10.0333). Results of ANOVA were non-significant between both fields (F =1.31; P = 0.2648). Kruskal-Wallis test was again should non-significant result (F = 0.43; P =0.5167). Wilcoxon Rank Sum test was showed that macro fauna were not differ significantly between both fields but habitat preference was level of significance (P-value = 0.5205).


Objective To explore the correlation between the expression of IL-17A and the degree of spleen damage in acute mouse cytomegalovirus(MCMV) disseminated infection in vivo and to understand the mechanism about how IL-17A involved in the pathological damage of the spleen in MCMV infection.Methods An acute disseminated MCMV infection model was established in mice.BALB/c mice were randomly divided into two groups.Mice in group one were infected with MCMV Smith to establish disseminated infection.Mice in another group were sham-infected control.Three mice from each group were randomly chosen to be sacrificed on days 3,7,14 and 28 after the infection.Viral titers in spleen tissues were determined using a standard plaque assay.The expression of IL-17A mRNA and MCMV mRNA in the splenocytes were measured by RT-PCR.The expression of IL-17A in spleen tissues was observed by immunohistochemical staining.The pathology of the infected mice was assessed by histological examination of H&E stained spleen sections.Results Viral titers and MCMV mRNA in the spleen peaked on day 3,but quickly diminished on day 7.Virus was no longer detectable in the spleen on day 14 after the infection.The expression of IL-17A mRNA was significantly increased during the acute infection and reached the highest level on day 14,then decreased on day 28.It is significantly higher than that of the mock infection group.Immunohistochemistry assay also indicated that the expression of IL-17A in spleen tissue gradually increased to climax on day 14,then decreased on day 28.Accordingly,the pathological damages of spleen tissue in the infected mice deteriorated until day 14,then showed signs of recovery on day 28.The most severe pathological injury of spleen tissue and the highest expression of IL-17A appeared in the same period of time.Conclusion Our results showed a close correlation between IL-17A and the pathological damage in spleen.Thus,IL-17A may contribute to the spleen pathological damage during the acute disseminated MCMV infection.

Key words:
Cytomegalovirus; Pathology of spleen tissue; Th17; IL-17A


This study aims to examine the effects of local revenue and balancing funds consisting of general allocation funds, special allocation funds and revenue-sharing funds on the human development index of district governments/ city in Central Java. The level of Human Development Index in Central Java from year to year has fluctuated changes in the increase and including the medium category.The research method used in this is quantitative research using multiple linear regression analysis tools. The sample used in this study is the district government financial statements in Central Java during 2015-2016 which amounted to 70. The result of the research shows that the original income of the region influences the human development index. While general allocation funds, special allocation funds and profit-sharing funds have no effect on the human development index. This indicates that the fulfillment of education, health and poverty eradication needs in Central Java can be met from the local revenue in each district government Keywords: Local original revenue, general allocation fund, special allocation fund, profit-sharing fund, human development index JEL Classification: H61, H77


Urbanization is a typical feature of socio-economic development.According to the sta-tistics,from 1980 to 2001,China's urbanization level rose from 17.92% to 37.66%.Urbanization has many positive effects such as organizing mass production,improving the progress of sci-technology and education,enhancing people's living standard and so on.However,some negative effects of urbanization have been emerging especially its ecological and environmental effects. Along with the process of urbanization,lots of people migrate from countryside to city.The increase of urban residents and the change of living style increase the consumption of natural resources and natural ecosystems.So,the quantitative analysis of urban residents' living consum-ption and its appropriation to natural ecosystems can demonstrate the influences of urbanization and sustainable development in urban areas. As a new method for quantitatively measuring natural resources used by humans,ecological footprint can illustrate regional sustainable development through the analysis of energy and other resources consumption.In this paper,taking Taizhou in Jiangsu Province of East China,Shangqiu in Henan Province of Central China,Tongchuan of Shaanxi Province of Northwest China and a typical resource city,and Xilin Gol of Inner Mongolia of North China and pastoral area as examples,ecological footprints of residents'living consumption were calculated and compared. The results show that (1) about 90% of ecological footprints in Taizhou,Shangqiu and Tongchuan come from the consumption of eating and wearing but below 70% in Xilin Gol where living ener-gy consumption occupies relatively high proportion;(2)for the sake of different geographical areas,residents have different consumption styles which cause different ecosystem appropriation, e.g. per capita residents living in Xilin Gol (pastoral area) occupy 0.333hm2 of grassland ecosystem which is several times that of in other cities,residents living in Taizhou (the Yangtze valley area) occupy 0.116hm2 of water ecosystem which is two or more times in other cities;and (3)compared to the bio-productive area,the ecological footprints of city residents in Shangqiu,Taizhou and Tongchuan are all more than the whole city's ecological capacity which approves that city is one of the typical kind of ecological deficit areas.Therefore,how to effectively adjust urban residents' consumption style and structure is very significant to improve sustainable development in urban areas.


Background: Since February 24th, 2022, the beginning of Russia's aggression against Ukraine, more than 80,000 women were expected to give birth. Therefore, understanding the impact of war on the perinatal health of women is an important requisite to improve perinatal care. This narrative synthesis has two main purposes: on one hand, it aims to summarize the current evidence available based on perinatal health outcomes and care among perinatal women;on the other, it attempts to identify the gaps still present in research in relation to perinatal care. Method: A literature search was completed in diverse databases (e.g., Medline, PsychInfo). Results: Emergent matters related to practice and research in perinatal refugee women have been discussed. Conclusions: In the face of the war in Ukraine, we need to build up further research to provide an evidence-based foundation for preventing and treating the psychological consequences of pregnant women exposed directly to war and those who have been forced into a refugee status during this vulnerable period. Also, it is essential to support not only women transitioning to motherhood, but also supporting midwives and nurses in their work.


In this paper, we examine whether affect influences higher level cognitive processes. We review research on the effect of emotion on interpretation, judgement, decision making, and reasoning. In all cases, we ask first whether there is evidence that emotion affects each of these processes, and second what mechanisms might underlie these effects. Our review highlights the fact that interpretive biases are primarily linked with anxiety, while more general mood-congruent effects may be seen in judgement. Risk perception is also affected by negative and positive affect. Research shows complex effects of emotion on decision making and reasoning, with emotion sometimes hindering normatively correct thinking and sometimes promoting it. There are also important effects of emotion on reasoning style. We discuss key differences between the effects of incidental affect (feeling states not related to the semantic contents of the cognitive task) and integral affect (where the feeling state is caused by or linked to the contents of the cognitive task). In the conclusion, we suggest that focusing on some of the constituent mechanisms involved in interpretation, judgement, decision making and reasoning provides a way to link some of the diverse findings in the field. We also highlight important areas for future research.


The efficient instruments for Method of Moments estimation of nonlinear models are often of unknown or intractable functional form. Existing semiparametric results on this are geared to situations either of random sampling or limited forms of time dependence. This paper considers a popular empirical example from the econometrics time series literature to illustrate that a substantial efficiency gain is possible using a semiparametric approach.


Abstract The Los Angeles riots of 1992 manifested some of the greatest rage, cynicism, and human despair a group of people can feel. There have been myriad examples of civil disturbance and disobedience by almost every ethnic and cultural group since colonial times, yet the nature and intensity of the recent L.A. riots was unique by any measure. Although the recent riots were reminiscent of earlier declarations of rage and despair expressed by the black community throughout the last three decades, the 1992 riots remain the most dramatic and destructive.


Size-reduction of circular patch absorbing elements are analyzed by introducing slits, holes, and cut-out rings. Parametric variation results are presented for slit depth, hole size, and concentric rings to reduce the size of absorbing elements. ANSYS Electronics Desktop, a finite-element method (FEM) solver, was used to simulate the absorption from an array of circular patches, while analyzing parametric studies of the slit depth, hole radius, and ring radius, each of which increases absorption and reduces element size.


The most important advantage of laser welding is that the welded workpiece is subjected to extremely little distortion and subsequent straightening operations can therefore be avoided. However, the high investment cost of laser systems makes the method unprofitable for small-scale manufacture. Multi-wire welding is a further development of the conventional MIG/MAG welding process and can be integrated into an existing production line at a low investment cost.


Two types of silicon carbide fibers with sinusoidal electrical resistivity were prepared by using different pyrolysis technology. The relationship between the microstructure and the electrical resistivity of these fibers was investigated and compared. The results indicated that carbon layer was the main conductive phase in the SiC fibers obtained by means of one step pyrolysis, whereas a free carbon phase governed the conductivity of the SiC fibers prepared through two step pyrolysis mode.


In 1989, a Professional Education Program for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (PEPA) was established at Murdoch University in Western Australia, to encourage the participation, retention and success of Indigenous Australians in studying for and qualifying as Veterinarians.


1065 Assessment of anti-aging properties of novel natural compounds-peptide derivatives H Lee and H Kim Aekyung, Daejeon, Taejon-jikhalsi, Republic of Korea Peptides generally have biocompatibility and high activity, but their cosmetic applications are often limited by susceptibility to proteolysis which was resulted to in vivo fragility. Therefore, N-terminal capping method using small organic molecule is commonly used to prevent peptide degradation. Hereby we investigated safety and activity of the newly synthesized two peptide derivatives which were prepared by introducing 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid on N-terminal of peptides(patent pending). We used the Peptide sequences (tetraand pentapeptide) which were known to have inhibitory effect on the active site of collagenase. And selected small molecule, 2,5-DHBA showed SC50 values of less than 0.05 mM in DPPH radical scavenging assay. Thus, conjugating 2,5-DHBA with functional peptides not only stabilizes the peptides but also confer synergy to the anti-aging effect of the peptides. To evaluate the safety of two synthesized 2,5-DHBA conjugated with tetrapeptide and pentapeptide respectively, we assessed cytotoxicity with MTT assay on human dermal fibroblast (ATCC, USA). Also, anti-aging properties were assessed with three independent in vitro tests: procollagen type-1 assay, matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1) activity inhibition assay and matrix metalloproteinase-12(MMP-12) activity inhibition assay. As a result, both 2,5-DHBApeptide derivatives did not show cytotoxicity at 10, 20 and 50 mM. Tetrapeptide alone did not show increased collagen production and MMP-1 inhibitory activity, but the 2,5-DHBA-tetrapeptide derivative increased collagen production by about 25% and inhibited the UVB(5 J/ cm)-induced MMP-1 expression by about 40% compared to control group (p<0.05). Also, pentapeptide alone did not show increased collagen production and MMP-1 inhibitory activity, but the 2,5-DHBA-pentapeptide derivative increased collagen production by about 20% and inhibited the UVB(5 J/cm)-induced MMP-1 expression by about 40% compared to control group (p<0.05). These results proved the potential use of newly synthesized two 2,5DHBA-peptide derivatives as cosmetic ingredient for anti-aging. 1066 Biomarkers CCL17/TARC and total IgE do not predict clinical response to dupilumab in atopic dermatitis (AD): A post hoc analysis of pooled phase 3 data (SOLO 1 & 2) JD Hamilton, Z Chen, LA Beck, EL Simpson, T Hultsch, NMH Graham, G Pirozzi, M Ruddy and M Ardeleanu 1 Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, 2 Regeneron, Tarrytown, NY, 3 University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 4 Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 5 Sanofi Genzyme, Cambridge, MA and 6 Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ Dupilumab(DUP),a fullyhuman IL-4RamAb, inhibits signalingof IL-4/IL-13, keydriversofType2/ Th2 immunediseases suchasAD/asthma.CCL17 (TARC)and IgE productionare enhancedby IL-4/ IL-13andcorrelatewithADseverity. Thispooledpost hocanalysis reports the relationshipbetween baseline (BL) serumCCL17 and total IgE levels and DUP treatment effect in adultswithmoderateto-severe AD in 2 identical double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled phase 3 trials (SOLO 1: NCT02277743 , N1⁄4671; SOLO 2: NCT02277769 , N1⁄4708). Patients (pts; N1⁄41,379) were randomized (1:1:1) to subcutaneous 300 mg DUP weekly (qw), every 2 weeks (q2w), or PBO for 16 weeks (W). CCL17 and total IgE weremeasured in serum samples collected between BL andW16 using commercial assays. Efficacy analyses by BL CCL17 tertiles ( 1115; >1115 to 4300; and >4300pg/mL) and total IgE subgroups (<150 kU/Land 150kU/L)wereperformed for%changes fromBL inEczemaArea and Severity Index (EASI) andpeakpruritusNumericalRating Scale (NRS). On study entry, ptswith low BLCCL17 ( 1115 pg/mL; n1⁄4457) or IgE concentrations (<150 kU/L; n1⁄4220) had numerically lower BL EASI and pruritus NRS scores than ptswith highCCL17 (>4300 pg/mL; n1⁄4457) or IgE levels ( 150 kU/L; n1⁄41158). BothDUPdose regimens significantly reduced EASIandpruritusNRSscores fromBLatW16vsPBOinptswithhigh,mid,or lowBLCCL17orhigh or low IgE levels (all P<0.0001 vs PBO, except pruritus in the low IgE group [P1⁄40.002/P1⁄40.006; qw/q2w]). The most common adverse events with DUP vs PBO were injection-site reactions and conjunctivitis. BL levels ofCCL17 and IgE did not predictDUP treatment response (%reductions in EASI and pruritusNRS), although the smaller n of the low IgE groupand lowerBLdisease activity in the low CCL17 and IgE groups may affect the power of this analysis.


Aim: To rear stunted Labeo rohita fingerlings in cages and determine the optimum stocking density and feeding ration for better growth performance of fishes. Methodology: Eight-month-old stunted fingerlings of Labeo rohita (14.65cm/38.23g) were stocked in floating net square cages at different stocking densities (10, 15, 20 and 25 fishm-2) and fed with different feeding ration (3%, 4%, 5% and 6% of body weight), further reared for 330 days and fed twice a day with commercial floating pellets with 25% crude protein. The study followed 4*4 factorial design and were triplicated for each treatment and level. Results: The study found a decrease in the final body weight, average body weight gain, and specific growth rate with increasing stocking density. The highest final body weight (732.64 g), body weight gain (694.30 g) and specific growth rate (0.89 % day-1) were recorded in 10/m2 stocking density with feed ration of 6% body weight. In contrast to this, fish reared in higher stocking density (25/m2) exhibited poor feed conversion ratio. Fish reared in lower stocking density (10/m2) and fed with 6% feeding ration displayed an enhanced feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio which indicated that rearing of stunted rohu in intensive cage culture at lower stocking density (10/m2) with higher feeding ration (6%) increase their feed utilization capacity. Interpretation: Rearing of stunted rohu in intensive cage culture is possible, however, the stocking density and feeding ration should be 10/m2 and 6%, respectively, compared to traditional cage practices, in order to reduce stress and to get optimum production. Key words: Cage culture, Feeding ration, Fingerling, Labeo rohita, Stocking density


1 Coma and profound metabolic acidosis early in acute paracetamol poisoning have been described in three patients. 2 Of five further patients (four female, one male, aged 17–80 years) with severe poisoning (plasma paracetamol concentration > 800 mg/l, 4–12 h postingestion), four were deeply unconscious on admission and two had a severe metabolic acidosis. 3 Signs of hepatorenal damage were minimal and no additional poisons were detected except salicylates (plasma concentration 290 mg/l) in one instance. Plasma paracetamol half-lives were prolonged (median 9.4 h, range 4.8–39 h) and one patient sustained massive hepatic damage and a further patient died despite treatment with intravenous acetylcysteine. 4 Paracetamol poisoning, when associated with exceptionally high plasma concentrations, can give rise to coma and metabolic acidosis in the absence of hepatic failure or other drugs. Although unusual, other such presentations may not have been recognized because a toxicology screen was not performed.


This paper briefly describes the concept and principles of domain name system(DNS),then discusses the application of DNS technology in the professional equipment made by Cisco Company which is the most advanced networking solutions provider in the world.


With the advances of deep learning techniques, text generation is attracting increasing interest in the artificial intelligence (AI) community, because of its wide applications and because it is an essential component of AI. Traditional text generation systems are trained in a supervised way, requiring massive labeled parallel corpora. In this paper, I will introduce our recent work on search and learning approaches to unsupervised text generation, where a heuristic objective function estimates the quality of a candidate sentence, and discrete search algorithms generate a sentence by maximizing the search objective. A machine learning model further learns from the search results to smooth out noise and improve efficiency. Our approach is important to the industry for building minimal viable products for a new task; it also has high social impacts for saving human annotation labor and for processing low-resource languages.


Abstract Supply chain data standards provide unique and unambiguous references to products and locations, enable system level interoperability, facilitate barcode-based medication administration, and offer track-and-trace capabilities throughout the healthcare supply chain. Despite widespread consensus among industry stakeholders and many perceived benefits, healthcare providers are hesitant to implement these standards. Through an exploratory pilot study at a healthcare provider site focused on pharmaceutical operations, we identify the key challenges in implementing data standards in a pharmaceutical setting. In doing so, we document the required technology functionality, clinical and financial workflows, and information systems, as well as articulate the challenges in implementing data standards. The lessons learned from the study offer valuable insights for supply chain executives, engineering managers, and pharmacy directors to plan and implement GS1 standards in their facilities.


Holographic spin-wave excitations in atoms are commonly used to build high-performance quantum memories. Here we show three methods that enable not just storage, but universal quantum computing, with atomic spin waves.


Objective In order to search the methods and patterns to fortify birth-time coverage of the HepB in remote areas,a survey about the factors affecting the birth-time coverage of the hepB in Huangnan Prefecture of Qinghai Province was carried in 2004.Methods The data and information have been collected by finding out data,locale visiting,home to home surveying and questionnaires.Results In 2004,the timely delivery coverage of HepB birth dose was 42.61%.Among the children born in hospitals,the coverage was 91.77%.For the children born in home,the rate was 19.58%.The delivery coverage in Huangnan Prefecture was 31.90%.Home to home immunization(51.06%)was a primary pattern.Some challenges remained to achieve high timely birth dose coverage,largely due to that parents unknowing(39.66%).The primary factor of high timely birth dose coverage was that the health servers actively inoculated for the newborn(75%).Conclusion The results show that the timely delivery coverage of HepB birth dose was lower,and suggest that one of the most effective methods of improving the birth dose coverage should include strengthening health education and propaganda,improving the children's delivery coverage,supervising the delivery coverage and the birth dose rate of HepB.


A description is given of a new method of determining the dependence of the rate of viscous flow of metals on the deforming force and its variation with temperature. The measurements were made by means of an optical lever system, and the effect of changes in length produced by possible temperature fluctuations in the furnace were eliminated by the use of a second wire as a support for the lever. It has been found that, for tin, for very small extensions the velocity of viscous flow v can be considered independent of time, but is connected with the stretching load P by an exponential relation for any given temperature and with the absolute temperature T by an exponential relation for any given load. Different relationships of the form v = δeβPT-αP+γT, where α, β, γ and δ are constants, have been obtained, from the {flow, load} curves, for the rates of flow of tin for glide in one and two directions respectively, and the relations are probably of the type v = K{eβ (P+P0) (T-T0) - 1}, where K, β, P0 and T0 are constants. Evidence has been obtained in support of the view that the temperature of the allotropic modification from β to γ tin takes place at 203° C. and not at 161° C. The loads for transition from single to double glide and the breaking loads have been shown to be connected with the corresponding temperatures by a hyperbolic expression. Finally, the behaviour of the tin wire has been shown to be in general agreement with the results obtained from single crystals.


To provide a compilation of the literature on the psychometric characteristics of the Bender Visual-motor Gestalt Test since 1970, 192 suitable items found in Psychological Abstracts and Social Science Citation Index are presented in five categories: reliability, validity, factor analysis, scoring systems, and norms.


This note introduces a monotony coefficient as a new measure of the monotone dependence in a two-dimensional sample. Some properties of this measure are derived. In particular, it is shown that the absolute value of the monotony coefficient for a two-dimensional sample is between |r| and 1, where r is the Pearson's correlation coefficient for the sample; that the monotony coefficient equals 1 for any monotone increasing sample and equals −1 for any monotone decreasing sample. This article contains a few examples demonstrating that the monotony coefficient is a more accurate measure of the degree of monotone dependence for a non-linear relationship than the Pearson's, Spearman's and Kendall's correlation coefficients. The monotony coefficient is a tool that can be applied to samples in order to find dependencies between random variables; it is especially useful in finding couples of dependent variables in a big dataset of many variables. Undergraduate students in mathematics and science would benefit from learning and applying this measure of monotone dependence.


Honey is a naturally viscous and sweet substance produced by honey bees from the nectar of flowers or secretions of living plants or excretions of plant-sucking insects on plants that the bees collect and transform with their own salivary enzymes, and then deposit in beehive to ripen and mature (1). It has been consumed as food and medicine by mankind since centuries. The demand for honey is getting increasingly higher, mainly due to the limited supply and remarkable benefits of honey consumption. The benefits are predominantly attributed to the therapeutic effects contributed by bioactive compounds in honey, in addition to its high nutritional level. Therefore, honey is susceptible to adulteration with cheaper sweeteners including syrups and Original Article


Some minds never cease to fascinate. They soar over difficulties and spot connections between fields that are invisible to others. They traffic in the big ideas. The mind of the mathematician John Horton Conway is an excellent case in point.


This paper examines cointegration and Granger causality between Taiwan's consumer price index (CPI) and raw material import price indices, including crude oil, steel, copper, aluminum, corn, and soybean with monthly data during 1991-2007. By applying Hsiao's version of the Granger causality method, causality running from crude oil import price and corn import price to CPI is found. The impulse-response simulations show that the CPI tends to have positive responses to the shock of crude oil, steel, corn, and soybean import price indices at the initial period. In response to these shocks, the CPI fluctuates up and down around the pre-shock level and gradually becomes stable after 20 months.


Static and dynamic properties of nitrogen on Ru surfaces are reviewed. On Ru(0001), N occupies the h.c.p. threefold-hollow site as demonstrated by scanning tunneling microscopy and low-energy electron diffraction. For Ru(101¯0) and (112¯1) models for ordered structures are discussed. There is general agreement that the dissociative adsorption of N2 is the rate-determining step in the ammonia synthesis over Ru surfaces. The dissociation of N2 is an activated, surprisingly slow process. Different groups have observed a sticking coefficient of 10—12. By density functional theory the geometry and energies of the dissociation pathway have been identified. Very recently it has been shown that the activation barrier found in experiments can only be modeled assuming the dissociation to take place at monoatomic steps. Experiments and microkinetic modeling of N2 dissociation and NH3 formation on Ru/Al2O3, Ru/MgO, and Cs–Ru/MgO model catalysts are discussed. Differences between the different catalysts and the single-crystal surfaces cannot be explained from the existing single-crystal results. It seems that a detailed knowledge of the morphology of the 2 nm large Ru metal particles on the different catalyst supports is needed to further develop a detailed understanding of ammonia synthesis over Ru-based catalysts.


Phase-amplitude coupling (PAC), which quantifies the coupling between the amplitude of a fast oscillation and the phase of a slow oscillation, is reported as a possible mechanism that controls the flow of information in the brain. Although there is ample evidence suggesting that neural interactions are directional, conventional PAC measures mostly quantify the cross-frequency coupling, failing to provide information on the direction of interactions. In this paper, we introduce a Granger causality (GC) based approach to estimate the direction of PAC. This approach infers the directionality of cross-frequency coupling by computing GC between the instantaneous phase and amplitude components extracted from the signal through a complex time-frequency (t-f) distribution, known as the Reduced Interference Distribution (RID)-Rihaczek. The method is evaluated on both simulated and real electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. The results demonstrate that the proposed GC based directional PAC measure can infer the direction of neural interactions across frequency bands.


This paper explores the usage of the concept of myth in Paul Feyerabend's philosophy.
First three parts of the paper are devoted to analysis of lectures in which
Feyerabend, following Karl Popper, contrasts two philosophical attitudes: mythical
dogmatism and criticism of pre-socratics. The next two parts cover Popper's and
Feyerabend's anti-dogmatic remedies – criticism and humanism. It is shown that,
although their critiques of the dogmatic form of life bear many similarities, they differ
substantially on the axiological level. While Popper considers rational criticism to
be the best way of opposing dangerous myths, Feyerabend uses critical rationalism
as a tool that may serve this function but is not effective universally. The final part
of the paper shows how Feyerabend's usage of the concept of myth shifted in his
late, more pluralistic and pragmatic works, where he regarded every human practice
as a form of nature- and value-dependent myth.


The linguistic and literal policy of Japanese colonial rule of Korea, spanning over a period of 36 years, was, in a word, a policy designed to eradicate Korean language and letters, with an nltimate aim of obliteration of the Korean nation as a whole. This was part of the Japanese colonial policy of converting the Korean people into "the Japanese imperial subject." Since it is an undisputable truism that a language originates ans grows over millenia with a precise reflextion of marked characteristics of the given nation, it was an attempt, impossible,
stupid ans reckless. This becomes all the more evident when it was intended against the Korean language whose history and identity make it hardly susceptible to such an attempt of mere a decade's duration. It is not only stupid and reckless but a crime to human culture, invoking a anger of the world conscience. The same can also be applied to the Korean letters, Korea's own invention, developed, time-tested and accustomed to the usage by the Korean people over moer than 300 years, since it was first invented by king Sejong. Disregarding this self-evident truth, however, the Japanese colonial authorities had been vigorous and desperate in pursuing this policy. Through enforcement of the use of Japanese upon Koreans, they tried to bring forth a total convension of the Korean people into "the subject of the Japanese empire." In order to rationalize the absurdity underrunning in this policy, rosy thems such as "Identity of Japan and Korea" and "Japan and Korean with a Forefather" came into the forefront. Although repeatedly stated, it was an act of stupidity and
crime to the world trend of cultural development that the Japanese had imposed upon Koreans such an absurdity and nonsense. An attempt to bring into a vivid memory of the atrocity of the Japanese colonial authorities' linguistic and literal policy is worth while in that it renews our recognition of the value of Korean language and stimulates our obligation to preserve and polish up our lingustic and literal heritage. This becomes all the more imperative to those young generations who did not come through the Japanese language obliteration policy. Although this piece is a direct outcome of necessity for such an attempt it pertains primarily to "the Japanese colonial authorities' linguistic and literal policy revealed in the school," a touch on a small and partial segment of the whole picture of the policy, leaving other spectrum untouched. Japanese suppression on Korean language studies activities, known as "the Korean Linguistic Society's Case", and the metabolic pace toward oppressing use of the Korean language taken at the turn of World II needs a through review and study. The methods employed to carry out the afore-mentioned linguistic and literal policy were severe and thoroughgoing. Through frequent revision of decrees and regulantion government school education, text-book were complied on the principle of the ban on use of Korean and of emphasis on infusion of Japanese spirit and transformation of antional character of the Korean people. School instructions were required to be conducted only in Japanese, with Korean
forbidden. Accordingly, employment of Japanese teachers were preferable at all level of educational institutions, with a minimum employment of Korean teachers. Supervision and control by the authorities on private schools, mostly operated by Koreans, were suffocating. In innumerable instances, the Japanese handed out orders for suspension or close-down of schools, for fabricated reasons of instigating students to nationalistic awareness or fostering independent aspiration among them. But the contrary policy was applied to establishment and management of public school whose educational directives were in pararell with the colonial authorities policy. If a teacher was found using Korean in teaching, he was subject to punishment or deprivation of his profession. When students were found using Korean, they were fined or harshly disciplined. In this way, forceful instruction of Japanese was reinforced with increasing discouragement of the use of Korean. The lesson of japanese was soon referred to as "the lesson of mother tongue" and more and more time was sliced for teaching Japanese, degrading
Korean lesson as "an optional subject", before the Korean leeson finally dropped off the school carriculum at the height of World War II. The original and initial policy of the Japanese linguistic education called for a long-sighted, far-reaching and progressive policy. But shortly it became impatient and forceful and finally turned into a despeate pace accompanying relentless suppression and ecforcement. The Japanese policy was not confined in the school; desperate efforts were also lauched for spread and popularzation of the use of Japanese in all works of life in Korea. private institutes teaching Korean were unaccredited and forced to shut down with constant interference and accusations. Paper processinf service in the office were unavailable when they were asked in a language other than Japanese. Customers to a Japanese merchant was sniffed when they
approached him in Korean. Even train tickets were denied those who did not use Japanese. The peak of the Second World War witnessed the culmination of the diabolism of the Japan's lingustic policy. In the scarcity of goods at the height of the war, those who did not use Japanese found themselves in a predicament in getting provision for their daily life. With sly home, in the office or/and other places every-day use of Japanese, either through encouragement, enforcement or sanction. The Koreans who were forced to receive their education in Japanese under such a circumstance, were burdend with a dual, rather than bilingual, language usage, encounting with impediment in acadamic progress and intellectual evolution.


The present study aims to investigate the Modeling dynamic factors affecting fine motor development milestone of 912 month old infants. The study was a descriptivesurvey, that considering the type and aims of the research was considered as an applied research. To this end 283 infants were screened in regard with age and stage questionnaire. The applied measures were preparation of the home environment for the infant motor development, the parental postpartum attachment scale, Beak habitual physical activity questionnaire and General health questionnaire. Factors affecting motor activities were grouped into three sections including Individual, Environmental and Mother Factors. The related data were analyzed by independent T, MANOA, step by step regression and structural equation. The results of structural equation indicated that individual factors (0.99) has the most important effect on anticipation fine motor development (sleep position and season of birth were associated with fine motor development), after that environmental factor (-0.28) and finally mother factor (-0.09) has effects on anticipation fine milestone in 912 month old infants, Results of the regression showed that considering individual factors, motivation is significant and in regard with environmental factors, affordance is significant in anticipation of fine motor development milestone in 9-12 month old infants. Results of the present study were concentrated on Branfen bernner model. 1. *Hajar Jahadian Sarvestan, (Ph. D) Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran. firstname.lastname@example.com


Introduction Cardiac DTI is complicated by the effects cardiac bulk motion on the diffusion tensor. To overcome the impact of motion, sequences encoding diffusion over two consecutive cardiac cycles using stimulated echoes have been developed (STEAM, [1]). Despite its robustness to motion, STEAM has the downside of an inherently low SNR and it has been shown that myocardial strain interacts with the measurement of the diffusion tensor [2]. The development of high-performing gradient coils with field strengths of over 80mT/m, raises the possibility of replacing the unipolar gradient pulses in the Stejskal-Tanner sequence [3] with bipolar gradient pulses which compensate for the first-order Taylor-approximation of motion [4]. The advantage of this approach is that a spin echo, rather than STE, readout can be used. However, the benefits of powerful gradient coils might be offset by the effect of eddy currents, which become increasingly influential with large gradient amplitudes. Whole body human scanners with gradient strengths up to 300mT/m have recently been developed. The aim of this work was therefore to determine whether increasing the gradient amplitude from 80mT/m to 150mT/m would greatly decrease the measurement error of the diffusion tensor and if the advantage of larger gradient amplitudes would be diminished by the increase in eddy currents. Methods Left-ventricular motion was analyzed using 3D-tissue tagging together with the 3D SINMOD approach [5] to estimate displacement fields for tissue points in the myocardium. In the presence of diffusion-sensitizing gradient pulses, moving sets of nuclear spins accrue phase, resulting in signal attenuation due to spin incoherence inside voxels. The associated measurement error of the DTI-indices MD, FA and the helix angle [6] was evaluated in computer simulations for a voxel resolution of 2.7 2.7 8 . Eddy current measurements were performed on a commercial 3T scanner with a modified 300mT.M whole-body gradient (MAGNETOM Skyra CONNECTOM, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany). The spatiotemporal dependency of eddy current-induced fields of a bipolar gradient pulse with 500 / , 150 / and a rise time of 16 / / was measured using PRESS [7] and modeled with a set of spherical harmonic functions up to 2 order [8]. The effect of eddy currents in cardiac DTI was demonstrated by imposing the measured phase on the k-space matrix of six reference DWIs in numerical simulations. Experimental Geometric distortions due to eddy currents and their influence on the measured ADC were demonstrated in phantom measurements. The phantom was imaged with 74 , 3 , a resolution of 2.5 2.5 5 , a matrix-size of 96 78 and a b-value of 500 / . The signal was acquired using an EPI readout with an acceleration factor of 2 and reconstructed with GRAPPA [9]. Results Fig.1 illustrates the distortion of the diffusion tensor in the myocardium due to motion for different gradient strengths. It can be seen that the helix angle distribution of the reference image (1a) is substantially distorted at 80mT/m (1b) but only minimally distorted at 150mT/m (1c). The spatiotemporal dependency of eddy current-induced phase is shown in Fig.2. It can be seen that the pulse in z-direction creates a strong -offset with a mono-exponential decay constant of 18ms, inducing a phase of approximately within the first 20ms. Diffusion weighted images of the phantom are shown in Fig.3. There is hardly any visual difference between the reference image (3a) and the DWIs in xand y-direction (3b,c) but strong image distortion can be seen in the DWI in z-direction (3d). Measurements of the ADC in x-,yand z-direction are shown in 3e)-g). The large difference in the ADC estimate in z-direction (3g) cannot be related to the phantom structure but to geometric distortions in the DWI. In Fig. 4, the error of MD, FA and the helix angle (HA) due to motion and eddy currents with -correction are shown for direct comparison. It can be seen that linear and higher order eddy current field terms only create a small error in the DTI-indices. Global error averages over an axial mid-slice through the left ventricle are shown in Table 1. Discussion In this work, we show that cardiac motion has a substantial impact on DTI measurements at gradient strengths of 80mT/m or less but the error of DTI-based indices can be substantially attenuated at 150mT/m. The error due to spin dephasing can also be mitigated by choosing a smaller voxel size but only by penalizing the SNR. An important factor that needs to be considered at 150mT/m are eddy currents. Geometric distortions due to a temporally nonlinear -offset prevented an accurate estimate of the ADC in both phantom experiments and computer simulations. The reason might be the inductive coupling of the gradient coil in z-direction with the cryostat which generates a magnetic field in the same direction. Linear and higher order field terms, in contrast, were found to be benign. In the experiments we did not exploit the performance of the gradient coils which can create field strengths of up to 300mT/m and can also slew considerably faster. The reason is that the nerve stimulation threshold upper bounds the slew rate and hence, gradient pulses with peak amplitude of 300mT/m do not yield appropriate b-values for cardiac DTI. Even though PRESS is useful to characterize residual fields of lower spatial order, spoiler and localization gradients may create eddy currents as well and thus, interfere with the measurement. A more accurate technique which overcomes this measurement bias is the use of an NMR field camera [10]. Cardiac DTI at 150mT/m is highly promising to advance research, yet, it is necessary to account for the decaying -offset due to eddy currents in image reconstruction. References [1] Reese TG, MRM 34 (1995) 786. [2] Reese TG, JMR 112 (1996) 253. [3] Stejskal EO, JChemPhys. 42 (1965) 288. [4] Gamper U, MRM 57 (2007) 331. [5] Arts T, MedImag 29 (2010) 1114. [6] Scollan DF, AJP 275 (1998) 2308. [7] Bottomley PA, Ann NY Acad Sci 508 (1987) 333 [8] Barmet C, MRM 62 (2009) 269. [9] Griswold MA, MRM 47 (2002) 1202. [10] De Zanche N, MRM 60 (2008) 176.


Future teachers of informatics at the Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics take Interactive programming and visual modelling course in the second year of their study. The aim of the course is to familiarize with the Imagine environment and its use for the development of educational applications, to learn about the principles of developing interactive, visual and open microworlds. In the academic year 2004 - 2005 for the first time we offered students a continuation of this course – an optional seminar Programming classes in Imagine. The aim of this seminar is to apply more advanced programming methods for the development of medium-sized educational projects intended for children. In our paper we present the topics of the seminar. We give special attention to one class focused on working with programmable pictures. We show how to create a microworld for creating and editing the Escher tiles. We hope to illustrate several advanced Imagine Logo procedures and techniques (like higher-order procedures, modifying colours in shapes etc.), which the reader may productively apply in his/her own development of other microworlds.


The rise of online programs has led to growing awareness that effective online teaching requires specialized instructional knowledge and skills. However, most online programs emphasize technology onboarding in lieu of ongoing professional development designed to support faculty in improving their online instruction. This chapter reinforces the need for comprehensive professional development efforts focused on improving online teaching and highlights the latest practices based on studies by the authors of leading online graduate programs. Evidence-based recommendations for providing ongoing professional development to support faculty's online teaching success are also outlined and fall into four overarching categories: (1) align organizational goals to create a culture of continuous instructional improvement, (2) model online learning principles in professional development efforts, (3) distinguish technology training from instructional development, and (4) employ multiple strategies to create ongoing, sustainable professional development efforts to support online instruction.


ABSTRACT Palm stearin (PS) is an extensively used trans-free hardstock. Depending on process parameters, fractions with unique compositions, hardness, and solid fat content can be tailored toward specific applications. In this work, the composition and crystallization of PS fractionated with acetone at 30°C, 35°C, or 40°C into various liquid (LF) and solid (SF) fractions were investigated. After fractionation, iodine value (IV) of PS changed from 37 to values ranging from 24 to 51. The IV of the LF increased with a decrease in fractionation temperature whereas that of the SF (~24) was unaffected. The main fatty acids of all PS fractions were palmitic and oleic acids, with the LF having a lower palmitic acid but higher oleic acid content than the SF. LF and SF obtained at higher fractionation temperatures showed more rapid crystallization rates. Under the microscope, the LF fractionated at 30°C and 35°C consisted of spherulites whereas those fractionated at 40°C exhibited dendritic crystals. All SF consisted of spherulites comprised of large rod-like crystals. All samples existed as mixtures of β' and β crystals. This study serves as the basis for the development of baking margarines and pastry shortenings using fractionated PS.


One month prior to Hurricane Katrina, the city of Mumbai, India, experienced similar unprecedented and disastrous flooding. In contrast to New Orleans, however, the Mumbai floods were not marked by social disorder and violence but by widespread acts of generosity and altruism. The author argues that, paradoxically, it was the very "Third World-ness" of Mumbai that prevented the city from experiencing the chaos witnessed in New Orleans.


mittee. Beyond the facts that the meeting took place and that divergent opinions were expressed, little more has yet been heard, though the Policy Committee of the King's 'Fund followed up this small conference by inviting the views of all the London hospitals, and a meeting with this object Js being held as we go to press. It will be recalled that Lord Cave's Committee favoured the system of Weekly subscriptions, or " mass contributions " as


Prevalence of drug addiction and alcoholism among anesthesiologists has been reported to be around 2%. Most frequently utilized drugs are phentanyl and other opioids, diazepam, alcohol, inhaled anesthetics, ketamine, barbiturates, sulphentanyl, cocaine, morphine and heroine. Besides risk factors that are common to the whole population (genetic predisposition, environmental exposure, stress and lack of education, preventive programs and control strategies), there are others peculiar to anes. thesiologists: availability of drugs, self. prescription and permissivenes of colleagues. Objectives of treatment are: to achieve detoxification and a drug-free life, to recuperate the social and occupational aspects of life, to adhere to interdisciplinary schemes of treat. ment with long.term goals, to enter support and psychotherapy groups, to identify and treat underlying psychiatric disorders and, if neces. sary, to utilize antagonist drugs.


Industrial decarbonization is crucial to keeping the global mean temperature <1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. Although unabated coal use needs to be phased out, coal is still expected to remain an important source of energy in power and energy-intensive industries until the 2030s. Decades of coal exploration, mining and processing have resulted in ~30 billion tonnes of waste-coal tailings being stored in coal impoundments, posing environmental risks. This study presents an environmental life-cycle assessment of a coal-processing technology to produce coal pellets from the waste coal stored in impoundments. It has been shown that the waste-coal pellets would result in the cradle-to-gate global warming of 1.68–3.50 kgCO2,eq/GJch, depending on the source of electricity used to drive the process. In contrast, the corresponding figure for the supply of conventional coal in the US was estimated to be 12.76 kgCO2,eq/GJch. Such a reduction in the global-warming impact confirms that waste-coal pellets can be a viable source of energy that will reduce the environmental impact of the power and energy-intensive industries in the short term. A considered case study showed that complete substitution of conventional coal with the waste-coal pellets in a steelmaking plant would reduce the greenhouse-gas emissions from 2649.80 to 2439.50 kgCO2,eq/tsteel. This, in turn, would reduce the life-cycle greenhouse-gas emissions of wind-turbine manufacturing by ≤8.6%. Overall, this study reveals that the use of waste-coal pellets can bring a meaningful reduction in industrial greenhouse-gas emissions, even before these processes are fully decarbonized.


For the behavior of structure fracture,the dissipation of energy and the damage of passive encourage should be taken into consideration in the course of dynamic damage.This paper presents a comprehensive assessment method which combines the theory of energy transmission and losing(TETL)and the mechanism.The comprehensive assessment standard has been applied to the case of steel bridge,which defines the relation between the mechanism of the damage of passive encourage and welded structure parameters.These tremendously improve the combination of TETL and MDPE.The results are compared with the method of CD and target reliability,numerical simulation about steel bridge demonstrates that the method this paper presented is reasonable and effective.There are certain application prospects in the security design of the steel bridge.


Background: The split-course schedule of chemo-radiation for anal cancer is controversial. Methods: Eighty-four patients with invasive anal cancer treated with definitive external beam radiotherapy (RT) with a mandatory split of 12 days (52 patients, Montreal, Canada) or without an intended split (32 patients, Zurich, Switzerland) were reviewed. Total RT doses were 52 Gy (Montreal) or 59.4 Gy (Zurich) given concurrently with 5-FU/ MMC. Results: After a mean follow-up of 40 ± 27 months, overall survival and local tumor control at 5 years were 57% and 78% (Zurich) compared to 67% and 82% (Montreal), respectively. Split duration of patients with or without local relapse was 15 ± 7 d vs. 14 ± 7 d (Montreal, NS) and 11 ± 11 d vs. 5 ± 7 d (Zurich; P < 0.001). Patients from Zurich with prolonged treatment interruption (≥ 7 d) had impaired cancer-specific survival compared with patients with only minor interruption (<7 d) (P = 0.06). Bowel toxicity was associated with prolonged RT (P = 0.03) duration as well as increased relapse probability (P = 0.05). Skin toxicity correlated with institution and was found in 79% (Montreal) and 28% (Zurich) (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: The study design did not allow demonstrating a clear difference in efficacy between the treatment regimens with or without short mandatory split. Cause-specific outcome appears to be impaired by unplanned prolonged interruption. Introduction Sphincter-sparing radiotherapy (RT) alone or chemoradiation (CRT) with fluorouracil (5-FU) and mitomycin-C (MMC) is the standard of care for curative treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal [1-5]. The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) experience with chemoradiation for advanced stage anal cancer has shown a local failure rate of 20% to 30% with radiotherapy doses of 45 to 50 Gy [2]. Increasing the radiotherapy dose to 59.4 Gy did not appear to increase local control when given in split-course fashion [6]. Concerns about an incorporation of a split in the chemoradiation for squamous cancer have been expressed for years because prolonged RT duration is a known adverse prognostic factor [2,6,7]. In the last few years some institutions have started to omit the mandatory split completely for high-dose RT above 50 Gy in anal cancer [8-11]. Feasibility data have been inconsistent and the recent RTOG 92-08 trial which evaluated 59.4 Gy without mandatory split demonstrated comparable or favourable survival and tumor control compared with split-regimen [8,10,11]. Currently there is no standard in terms of mandatory split and it is unclear whether continuous CRT should be recommended as standard of care for the treatment of anal cancer. The aim of this analysis was to retrospectively compare the outcome after modern high-dose EBRT with concurrent chemotherapy with or without mandatory split as treated at two independent institutions. We further investigated the feasibility of 3D-CRT (59.4 Gy) without planned split as suggested by the RTOG, reasons for dis* Correspondence: email@example.com 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland † Contributed equally Full list of author information is available at the end of the article BioMed Central © 2010 Oehler et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Oehler et al. Radiation Oncology 2010, 5:36 http://www.ro-journal.com/content/5/1/36 Page 2 of 13 continuation and the outcome of the patients with adherence to continuous treatment. Patients and Methods Between 1988 and 2006 84 consecutive HIV-negative patients presenting with histologically proven carcinoma of the anal canal were treated with curative EBRT ± CT at the Zurich University Hospital, Switzerland and the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montreal, Canada. Ninety-nine percent of the patients had squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (SCCAC). Clinical characteristics, pattern of care and outcome were analyzed retrospectively by reviewing medical records and interviews of patients after internal board approval. Pre-treatment staging according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer and the Union International Contre le Cancer (UICC) included digital examination, endoluminal ultrasound or rectoscopy, chest x-rays and either an abdominal ultrasound or CT scanning. Posttreatment evaluation included digital palpation at each visit and regular anal ultrasounds. Anoscopy with posttreatment biopsies and CT or MR scan were performed when a suspicious lesion was identified. The common terminology criteria for adverse events v3.0 was used for scoring acute and late treatment toxicity. Sphincter function was assessed by digital palpation. 3-D conformal RT (6-, 10-, or 18-MV) was applied via a 4-field plan, a dorso-lateral 3-field plan (usually excluding groins) or an AP/PA 2-field plan with electron fields to the groins to the whole pelvis to a dose of 45 Gy/1.8 Gy per fraction (Zurich) or via AP/PA opposed fields to a dose of 24 Gy/2 Gy per fraction (Montreal) using prone or supine position. All patients received an external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) photon boost to the macroscopic tumor region which was delivered via a 2-, 3or 4-field plan to achieve a total dose of 59.4 Gy (Zurich) or 52 Gy (Montreal). A split of 12 days was intended after whole pelvis irradiation in Montreal whereas no split was intended in Zurich. In Zurich patients developing grade III/IV toxicities (CTC v3.0) treatment was interrupted until side effects resolved. Patients who received a brachytherapy boost in Zurich were not included in the analysis [12]. In Zurich, an EBRT boost was applied to patients who objected an interstitial boost or whose tumor size did not qualify for brachytherapy after 45 Gy EBRT. In Zurich, patients received groin irradiation only if clinically positive (63%) whereas in Montreal, all but one patient (98%) with negative inguinal lymph nodes received prophylactic EBRT to the bilateral groins at a median dose of 24 Gy (range 20-30 Gy). No bolus was used in either institution. All patients, except 1 patient who died during treatment (Zurich), completed curative RT. Chemotherapy was applied to patients with more advanced stage disease (larger T2, T3/4, N+) (Zurich) or all patients (Montreal). Chemotherapy consisted of fluorouracil (5-FU) and mitomycin-C (MMC) or occasionally cisplatin. 5-FU was applied continuously during 5 days at 750 mg/m2 or 4 days at 1000 mg/m2 in week 1 and 4 or 5 (Zurich) or over 5 days at 1000 mg/m2 in the first week of each RT series (Montreal). MMC was given as a bolus twice (10 mg/m2) during week 1 and 4 or 5 or once (15 mg/m2) during week 1 (Zurich) or twice (10 mg/m2) in the first week of each RT series (Montreal). Cisplatin was given IV, during 1 hour infusion, in week 1 and 4 or 5 at a dose of 40 mg/m2/1x (Zurich). Statistics Mean values are indicated with standard deviation. Differences between groups on continuous and categorical variables were tested using the Mann-Whitney test and Fisher's exact test, respectively. Survival was calculated from the beginning of RT to the day of death or the date of last follow-up and time-to-recurrence was calculated from the beginning of RT to the day of recurrence or the date of last follow-up. Survival curves for the two groups were plotted according to the Kaplan-Meier method. Differences in survival across the groups were tested using the Log rank (Mantel-Cox) test. Confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using the formula "95% CI = M ± (SE*1.96)". Log rank test was used to analyze the effect of categorical data on risk of recurrence. Linear regression was used to describe the relationship between local control and RT dose of data from the literature. Results Patients and treatment characteristics Thirty-two patients with carcinoma of the anal canal were treated in Zurich and 52 patients in Montreal. The 2 cohorts from Zurich and Montreal had similar patient characteristics (Table 1). Patients treated in Zurich were marginally older than patients from Montreal (61 ± 13 y vs. 56 ± 12 y) (P = 0.07) and had more nodal positive disease (P = 0.01) (Table 1). RT dose was significantly higher (P < 0.001) and mean split duration significantly shorter (P < 0.001) in patients from Zurich, though mean overall RT duration time was similar (RT duration includes split). In Zurich, 14 patients (44%) had no treatment interruption whereas the other 18 patients (56%) required a split of any duration. MMC-based chemotherapy was applied more frequently in Montreal (98% vs. 78%) (P < 0.01). Treatment response and survival Curative (chemo-) RT resulted in complete response in 94% of patients at Zurich and Montreal. After a mean follow-up of 40 ± 27 months, there was no difference in overall survival (OS; P = 0.2) (Figure 1a) or cancer-speOehler et al. Radiation Oncology 2010, 5:36 http://www.ro-journal.com/content/5/1/36 Page 3 of 13 cific survival (CSS; P = 0.2). The 5-year OS and CSS in patients from Zurich versus Montreal were 57% (95% CI = 37-77%) versus 67% (95% CI = 48-86%) and 74% (95% CI = 57-91%) versus 80% (95% CI = 62-98%), respectively. At 5 years, there was also no difference in local control (78% vs. 82% at 5 y) (Figure 1b) or regional relapse (3% vs. 11%) or distant relapse (17% vs. 8%) between patients treated in Zurich or Montreal. Sphincter-preservation at 5 years was achieved in 74% of patients at Zurich and 79% of patients at Montreal. Split duration of patients with or without local relapse was 15 ± 7 d vs. 14 ± 7 d (Montreal, NS) and 11 ± 11 d vs. 5 ± 7 d (Zurich; P < 0.001) (Figure 2). Overall recurrence probability was associated with advanced T-stage (P = 0.06) and N-stage (P = 0.09) and increased bowel toxicity (P = 0.05) in both


Objective:To investigate the safety and therapeutic effect of transurethral electrovaporization of prostate(TUVP) combined with transurethral electroresection of prostate(TURP) in treatment of high-risk severe prostatic hyperplasia.Methods:First the patient with prostate hyperlasia required to estimate the body conditions generally,basic diseases,prostatic hyperplasia degree,operation tolerance and surgical risk.Patients received full preoperative preparation and underwent TUVP+TURP under epidural and spinal anesthesia.Results:The perioperative period of all patients was uneventful,without serious complications or death.The urination function improved significantly.After the follow up of 3-24 months,the IPSS decreased from(28.7±3.2) to(9.2±2.3),the residual urine volume decreased from(182±10)ml to(19.5±13.3)ml,the maximum urinary flow rate increased from(6.2±0.3)ml/s to(17.5±0.2)ml/s,quality of life decreased(4.5±0.2) to(2.1±0.2).Conclusions:TUVP+TURP for high-risk severe prostate patients can achieve satisfactory effect on the premise of careful evaluation,full preoperative preparation and postoperative nursing.The procedure is safe,reliable and effective,has both advantages of TUVP and TURP,such as short operative time and through hemostasia,and is worth generalization.


Objective
To understand the skeletal metabolism in glucocorticoids-treated children with kidney diseases and to evaluate the role of Alfacalcidol plus calcium supplements.

Methods
A retrospective self-controlled study was performed in children with kidney diseases, admitted to Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital from July 2012 to November 2014, and they conformed to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Inclusion criteria: children with renal diseases were included when they were administered with glucocorticoids, Alfacalcidol and calcium at the enrollment and follow-up, whose proteinuria was in remission or improved on follow-up, and renal function defined by glomerular filtration rate was more than 80 mL/(min ·1.73 m2), and they were followed up for at least 3 months.Exclusion criteria: whereas on follow-up, children with renal diseases were excluded if glucocorticoids was discontinued, or the follow-up period was less than 3 months, and related parameters were not available at the initial and finial visit.Serum levels of calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D(25-OH-VitD) were detected, and bone mineral density at the left radius and mid tibia was measured by using quantitative ultrasound at the initial and finial visit.The levels of calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, 25-OH-VitD and bone mineral density were compared between the initial and finial visit.

Results
A total of 29 cases(23 male, 6 female)were recruited.Their ages at study entry were 2.4 to 14.9 years.Underlying disorders were primary nephrotic syndrome(17 cases), IgA nephropathy(4 cases), lupus nephritis(3 cases), purpura nephritis(2 cases), acute glomerulonephritis(1 case), Sjogren′s disease(1 case), and autoimmune disease(1 case). At the time of enrollment, the course of disease was 1 to 69 months(median course of disease was 8 months), the duration of using corticosteroid was 0-60 months(median duration was 5 months), and the follow-up time was 92-409 days.The serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase and 25-OH-VitD levels at finial visit[(2.29±0.11) mmol/L, (153.21±71.00) U/L, and (40.96±11.40) nmol/L, respectively] were significantly higher as compared with those at initial visit [(2.17±0.16) mmol/L, (114.10±64.48) U/L, and (31.64±10.99) nmol/L, respectively], and the differences were significant(all P 0.05). Meanwhile, there was significant difference in serum level of albumin level between initial and finial visit[(31.41±9.31) g/L vs.(42.09±4.00) g/L, t=-3.670, P 0.05).

Conclusions
Bone loss can be prevented by Alfacalcidol plus calcium supplement in glucocorticoids-treated children with kidney diseases.

Key words:
Bone mineral density; Glucocorticoids; Calcium; Alfacalcidol; Renal diseases


Debate has emerged in Scotland about restructuring the eight police forces into a single national service. The main drivers of that debate are identified and the major elements contributing to the case for such a restructuring are presented. The role of local community policing and changes to police accountability mechanisms within such a national structure are discussed. The article concludes that a national police service is the best way forward for policing in Scotland.


The article is based on a 1979 survey of 530 tenured librarians in thirty three large academic libraries. The professional productivity of the librarians pre- and post-tenure is examined as well as the tenure criteria and evaluation process applied at the time the surveyed librarians received tenure. Comparisons to the situation in 1979 are drawn. The mobility pattern of tenured librarians is also explored


Snowfall has a significant impact on photovoltaic (PV) power prediction. The sudden drop of PV power output directly affects the power balance and threatens the safety and stability of power system. Thus it is of great engineering value to improve the accuracy of PV power prediction on snowy days. In this paper, the influence of snowfall and snowmelt process on the accuracy of PV power prediction is studied by analyzing the actual power, predicted power and meteorological data. Then a power prediction correction method based on irradiance loss model is proposed. Analysis results show that the proposed correction model can effectively reduce the maximum deviation of power prediction and improve the accuracy of PV power prediction with high stability and strong versatility.


1. Intracellular potentials from frog and toad skins were measured to identify rheogenic components of active Na transport across the basolateral membrane. Transcellular current flow and associated R . I‐drops were blocked with amiloride or Na‐free mucosal solution. 2. The potential difference across the basolateral membrane was found to be hyperpolarized by 18 . 5 +/‐ 1 . 6 mV above the steady‐state value immediately after blockage of apical membrane Na conductance. The hyperpolarization disappeared within 15‐‐25 min. 3. The final steady‐state value of 93 . 1 +/‐ 2 . 5 mV was slightly less than reasonable estimates of the K equilibrium potential. 4. The hyperpolarization could not be observed 3‐‐5 min after addition of ouabain (10(‐4) M). 5. Both the magnitude and duration of the hyperpolarization correlate directly with the amount of Na accumulated in the intracellular space. 6. A fraction of the intracellular potential was missing when Na transport was re‐established after long term blockage of apical membrane Na entry. It reappeared within 10‐‐20 min. 7. It is suggested that the hyperpolarization is due to rheogenic Na transport across the basolateral membranes. This transport mechanism may contribute some 30‐‐50% of the electrical gradient for passive Na entry across the mucosal membrane. 8. A coupling ratio between pumped fluxes of Na and K of about 2:1 is calculated from the data.


Aspects of providing innovative technologies for the production of qualitative products, the stages of quality control, the application of statistical methods of quality control in the provision of innovative technologies for the production of quality products, methodology of the Quality Function Deployment QFD are considered.


ABSTRACT Background: Hybridisation can be a threat for the survival of a rare species because, in the case of insufficient numbers of appropriate mates, a rare form is much more likely to cross with a widespread taxon. Aims: In the present study, we tested hypotheses concerning the level of hybridisation between endangered Betula humilis and its widespread congeners: B. pendula and B. pubescens as a function of habitat conditions. Methods: We genotyped 312 individuals of three species using AFLP markers. B. humilis specimens were sampled in populations with low and high groundwater levels. Morphological identification of B. pubescens and B. pendula was verified using the Atkinson discriminant function. Results: Altogether, 15 individuals (4.8%) were indicated as putative hybrids. The B. humilis hybrids were found in dry habitats and they could be classified as F1 or F2 generation. Tree hybrids could represent backcrosses to either B. pendula or B. pubescens. Conclusions: Genetic analyses contradicted the idea that hybridisation between B. humilis and its close relatives was extensive. On the other hand, the presence of introgressed individuals in the populations in areas with low groundwater levels implied that pollen swamping might be a threat for declining B. humilis stands.


Burns occur when living tissues are in contact for a long period with a heated object or substance. Various zones of involvement are described, ranging as the reversal potential of the lesion, they are the zone of coagulation, stasis and hyperemia. Regarding the depth of the lesion, they can be graded according to the thikness, as superficial, superficial partialthickness, deep partial-thickness and full-thickness. The extent of affected skin can be calculated based on the "Rule of Nines", which states that each part of the body corresponds to a multiple of 9% of the total body surface. Although rare in veterinary patients, severe burns can lead to shock by decreasing of peripheral blood flow. Wide hair removal, followed by application of cold saline solution, lavage with sterile isotonic solution, debridement, application of antimicrobial ointment as silver sulfadiazine and cover with moist nonadherent dress must be performed as the initial topical therapy. The debridement of devitalized tissue should be performed as early as possible and preferably aggressively. The impossibility to performing the surgery, conservative debridement can be done with enzymatic agents, immersion in water and the application of wet-wet dress. After formation of a vascular bed free of necrotic and infected tissue, extensive burns can be closed by flaps, skin grafting techniques, skin advance techniques or treated as an open wound until surgical treatment can be possible. Complications as infection, excessive scarring and wound contracture can occur, especially when there is not early treatment. The final cosmetic result is usually satisfactory when there is surgical intervention and complete hair covering. Although rare in veterinary medicine, severe burns are challenging and unlike traumatic wounds, presents different features and therapeutic. The abundant literature nowadays is mostly human and more veterinary studies are necessary in this area.


This work is related to the concepts of admissibility, interpretability, syntactic similarity and semantic similarity of Jonsson's theories.This new concept generalize the notion of syntactic and semantic similarities for Jonsson theories. In the frame of study of preservation of the definable formulas subsets of Jonsson theory's semantic model regarding to considering morphisms the concepts of admissibility, interpretability, domination and similarity play a very important role. As an example, we consider the theory of Boolean algebras. These concepts are closely related to the concept of admissibility by one theory on the other. The interest of this paper is that the examples examined show the fact that admissibility, interpretability and similarity can be considered on algebras of different signatures.In this work the main definitions of notions and the basic directions of further researches are studied.


A mixture of expanded graphite and iron powders was ball-milled in a high-energy mill under an air atmosphere. The milled powders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The anti-friction effect of the powders used as lubricating additive was investigated by a tribo-tester. Results show that the powders have an obvious anti-friction effect, and the effect is associated with the crystallization degree of the milled expanded graphite depending on the milling time, the higher the crystallization degree, the higher the anti-friction effect


Construction of a certain class of component tests for verification of series system reliability requires the use of some properties of the Poisson distribution that are not commonly known or used. This paper states and proves these results.


Summary form only given. Nitric oxide (NO) gases have been decomposed by an ammonia radical injection system. The ammonia radicals were produced in an intermittent dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma in a separated chamber, and were injected into the NO gas flow-field to reduce NO molecules. The intermittent power source with a one cycle sinusoidal power output easily control the energy consumed in the ammonia/argon plasma so as to obtain a high energy efficiency of DeNOx. As a result, the energy efficiency of approximately 250 g/kWh with assistance of the thermal heating of NO gas was obtained. It was also found that the molar ratio of NO and ammonia gases strongly influenced to the DeNOx rate, and the energy efficiency as well. The molar ratio was defined as the number of ammonia particles divided by the number of NO particles in a unit time. The above discussion was based on the electrical characteristics to improve the energy efficiency. In the present study, we experimentally studied the dynamic flow of both gas particles based on the above results. The gas flow rate was changed to realize the gas mixing to facilitate the DeNOx process. The optimization of the gas flow was calculated by a simulation using the dynamic flow equations of both gases. It is found that the energy efficiency was improved by a factor of approximately 2 compared to the previously obtained results. It is also pointed out from the hydrodynamic simulation that the laminated jet entrainment of ammonia radicals strongly influences the energy efficiency of the present DeNOx system


Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely studied as adsorbents and membranes for gas separation applications. Considering the large number of available MOFs, it is not possible to fabricate and test the gas separation performance of every single MOF using purely experimental methods. In this study, we used molecular simulations to assess both adsorption-based and membrane-based CH4/N2 separation performances of 102 different MOFs. This is the largest number of MOF adsorbents and membranes studied to date for separation of CH4/N2 mixtures. Several adsorbent evaluation metrics such as adsorption selectivity, working capacity, and regenerability were predicted, and the top performing adsorbents were identified. Several MOFs were predicted to exhibit higher adsorption selectivities than the traditional adsorbents such as zeolites and activated carbons. Relation between adsorption-based separation performances of MOFs and their structural properties were also investigated. Results showed that MOFs havi...


A variant of backpropagation that trains faster, gets caught in local minima less frequently, generalizes better for a given amount of training, and is specifically adapted to pattern recognition problems is presented. These abilities are demonstrated by simulations of an archetypal classification task.<<ETX>>


The methods of treatment of ectopia vesicae have not been very variable and are confined as a whole to two procedures, viz.: the plastic and the various methods of diverting the course of the urine. Plastic Methods. —The plastic operations which have been performed, and which have for their object the covering of the exposed mucous surface with skin, aim at remedying only the cosmetic effect, which is but a minor evil. In this category belong those of Holmes, Wood, Le Fort, Thiersch, Hirschberg, Kocher, Hagenbeck, Auger, Greig Smith and many others who added much to this method by their own personal technic. All these methods, although they have done much toward the plastic repair, have many objections. They do not provide a sphincter, and although by covering the exposed mucous membrane they preserve it from external irritation, they do not prevent the escape of urine. The inverted skin flap


The heart and the aortic trunk of Chinese Andrias davidianus were studied by means of injecting the emulsion with coloring material into the aortic trunk,and observed by microscope and magnifying glass,the results show that the heart locates under the coracoid and just on the body midline and in front of the body cavity.The heart is consisted of atria,ventricle and sinus venosus.The atria are on the left of midline,looking like a hemisphere.The apex of atria points to posteriorsinister direction.The walls of atria are very thin.The atria are divided into two cavities by septum interatriale,atrium anterior and atrium posterior.The atrium anterior is bigger than atrium posterior.There are some holes in the septum interatriale.The ventricle is on the right of midline,looking like sphere.The apex of ventricle points to posteriordexter direction.The wall of ventricle is thicker.There are four valvulae on ostium atrioventriculare.The sinus venosus locates on the dorsal side of heart like triangular bursa.The wall of sinus venosus is very thin.The aortic trunk is consisted of conusarteriosus and aortic arch.The former one expands and the latter one branches looking like the letter of "Y".


This paper maintains that, for all his ethical interests, his philosophical and theological essays, political treatises and linguistic studies, Dante was primarily a poet; a poet who, moreover, believed that poetry could change the world, and that the Comedy must be read, first, as a poem. This is not a trivial point, because the Comedy remains a text that is endlessly fascinating to philosophers and theologians as well as moralists who read it for its philosophy, theology and ethics and who sometimes fail to see that a poet's imagination, even one as egregiously rational as Dante's, is synthetic rather than analytic. This paper offers an examination of the moral universe of the Comedy, paying particular attention to his presentation of the virtues. It endeavours to show how Dante's entry into the moral universe is by way of beauty through the operation of love, and considers how, for Dante, the inevitability of beauty, when properly understood, opens out on to truth and goodness, which, in turn, fold back upon beauty as the Beatific Vision is reached.


Abstract A facile and versatile method for preparing N-substituted amides from alcohols and amides using a Brønsted acid and an alkali metal halide has been developed. Treatment of tertiary alcohols and amides in the presence of an alkali metal halide or methanesulfonic acid in trifluoroacetic acid at elevated temperature afforded the corresponding N-substituted amides in moderate to high yields. Tertiary alcohols with various functional groups such as ether, ester, imide, carbamate, and halogen groups were tolerated under these conditions. This method can be used for the efficient and practical synthesis of various N-substituted formamides without the use of unmanageable cyano compounds.


At laparotomy. no free blood was found in the peritoneal caviry. There was a large haematoma of the right broad" ligament, extending to the pelvic brim and across the utero vesical space to the left broad ligament. The right round ligament was then divided and the retroperitoneal space ex posed; about 2 pints of blood clot were removed. The distal end of the right uterine artery was lying free on the lateral wall of the uterus. There was no rupture of the uterus itself, which was confinued by a vaginal examination by an assistant while the uterus was examined intra-abdominally. Some diffi culty was experienced in finding the proximal end of the tom uterine artery. The ureter was visualized at the pelvic brim and followed along the pelvic wall until the uterine artery was found crossing it. The uterine artery was blocked by blood clot and bled profusely as the clot was removed. The artery had ruptured at a point just medial to the ureter, proximal to· its ascent of the lateral wall of the uterus. The rupture was clean, with no evidence of aneurysmal dilatation or thinning of the artery wall. Both the proximal and distal ends of the uterine artery were then Iigated. The retroperitoneal spa.ce was drained extraperitoneally. The broad ligament was closed and the round ligament sutured. The abdomen was closed in layers. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was. sent home after 10 days.


Objective: To study the inhibitory effect of total flavonoids from stem/leaf of Scutellaria baiculensis(SSTF) on apoptosis induced by myocardial ischemia /reperfusion in rats.Method: 40 SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,ischemia /reperfusion(I /R) group and SSTF group.Rats in SSTF group were perfused with SSTF 17.5,35,70 mg·kg-1·d-1 respectively prior to ischemia /reperfusion.Other two groups were given saline instead of SSTF at the same volume from a week before the operation.Myocardial ischemia /reperfusion injury model was established by ligating the left descend coronary artery(LDA) for 30 min and followed by reperfusion for 2 hours.Apoptosis of myocytes was detected after operation in all groups by flow cytometry with Annexin Ⅴ-EGFP and Propidium Iodiode(PI) staining.The mRNA and protein expression of caspase-3 gene were determined by RT-PCR and western blotting.Result: Compared with the sham group,the occurrence rate of myocardial apoptosis in I /R group was increased obviously(P 0.01);The expression of mRNA and protein expression of caspase-3 gene were up-regulated in IR group(P 0.01).Compared with IR group,the occurrence rate of myocardial apoptosis in SSTF group was decreased obviously(P 0.05,P 0.01);the expression mRNA and protein of caspase-3 gene was higher in SSTF group(P 0.05,P 0.01).Conclusion: SSTF may inhibite myocyte apoptosis during ischemia /reperfusion injury by down-regulating the expression of mRNA and protein of caspase-3 gene.


Articular cartilage is the primary structure in joints which is responsible for withstanding compressive loading; however, it is possible that cartilage also experiences localized tensile loading under various loading and boundary conditions. To date, little is known as to whether chondrocyte functions are dependent on the loading variation, especially when loading is switched from compression to tension. The purpose of this study is to examine the metabolism of chondrocytes under both compressive and tensile loadings in vitro. Our results suggest that synthesis of both collagen II and aggrecan is regulated differently by compression and tension at the mRNA level. Tensile loading significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of both collagen II and aggrecan. Since poor content of collagen II and proteoglycan has been considered a detrimental factor in the integrity of cartilage matrix, cartilage degradation and the possible formation of osteoarthritis may be the consequence of loading patterns switching from compression to tension.


Abstract The chemical speciation of heavy metals (arsenic, chromium, copper, lead, zinc and tin) in the sediments of the former tin mining catchment Bestari Jaya, Peninsular Malaysia was determined using the latest version of the Community Bureau of Reference, the BCR 3-step, sequential extraction procedure. A fourth step was introduced for the digestion and analysis of the residue. The analysis of total metal content was carried out using microwave-assisted acid digestion. The percentage of each metal obtained from the four steps extraction (acid-soluble + reducible + oxidisable + residual) is in good agreement with the percentage of total metal content obtained from microwave digestion, which implies that the accuracy of the procedure. The degree of pollution in catchment sediments was assessed using geoaccumulation index Igeo and pollution intensity IPOLL. The results indicates that: (1) the sediments have been polluted with arsenic (8.8%), chromium (12.9%), copper (17.4%), lead (19.5%), zinc (14.9%) and tin (33.8%) and have high anthropogenic influences; (2) the calculation of geo-accumulation index suggests that catchment sediments have background concentrations of all the studied metals (Igeo < 0); (3) high I POLL, showed that all of these heavy metals pose a high environmental risk; and (4) the mobility order of metals in sediments at S1 and S2 was Sn>Pb>Zn>Cr >Cu >As, whereas at S3, S4 and S5 it was Cu>Pb>Zn>Cr>Sn>As. In conclusion, acidic pH, total organic carbon, scavenging ability and co-precipitation (inclusion, occlusion and adsorption) of studied metals with non-metals could account for changes in the geochemistry of the catchment sediments.


Intensive camera trapping recorded the presence of dhole Cuon alpinus across the churia habitat in Chitwan National Park, Nepal. We amassed 2,145 camera trap nights of effort in a single dry winter season in 2011 that resulted in 22 independent photos containing the dhole, including eight photos containing the species in packs. This is the first camera trap record of the dhole pack hunting ever recorded from Chitwan Na‐ tional Park in Nepal. Dholes were found to be sympatric with tigers Panthera tigris, leopards P. pardus and golden jackals Canis aureus.