This paper calculates the effect of a bistable polarization on the optical fields in a nonlinear medium. Bistabilities in effective refractive index and absorptivity are calculated. Bistability on reflection from a single surface is also described.


Abstract:  Fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have been increasingly used as externally bonded reinforcement in lieu of their steel counterpart in the rehabilitation and retrofit of existing concrete structures. Without proper understanding of interfacial fracture behavior and failure mechanisms, it is impossible to efficiently develop an effective and rational FRP bonding technique. This article is mainly focused on clarifying the debonding behavior and failure mechanisms caused by different types of flexural crack distributions in FRP‐strengthened R/C beams, which has not been solved so far. Using a discrete crack model for concrete crack propagation and a bilinear bond–slip relationship with softening behavior to represent FRP–concrete interfacial behavior, a nonlinear fracture mechanics‐based finite‐element analysis is performed to investigate the effects of crack spacing and interfacial parameters such as stiffness, local bond strength, and fracture energy on the initiation and propagation of the debonding and the structural performance. It is shown that the debonding behavior and load‐carrying capacity are significantly influenced by two important factors: interfacial fracture energy and crack spacing in relation to the effective transfer length of FRP sheets. Based on the numerical results, some suggestions concerning the effect of interfacial properties are made as practical design aids.


Detailed procedures for the dynamic calibration and audit of chemiluminescence ozone analyzers are presented. The calibrations and audits are performed by means of a gas phase titration technique using the rapid gas phase reaction between nitric oxide and ozone with excess ozone present. The purpose of this report is to aid calibration personnel in performing calibrations and audits in exactly the same manner with identical calibration systems. One of the advantages of the procedures is that chemiluminescence ozone analyzers can be calibrated or audited in the field without the bulky equipment required for the neutral buffered potassium iodide calibration procedure. A second advantage is that more precise results can be obtained.


This research will focus on the evolution of the landmark of the world starting from Holy Mountain to street-type landmark. The tall landmark had played a role as a milestone became an object of belief, and built through technology and aspirations for the tall-ness. However, 21st century's landmark is changing into a place for sharing on the ground, since public activities occur around a lower part of buildings. The new landmark does not aim for verticality, but horizontality that provides a place for sharing. Eventually, the higher and the lower part of a building simultaneously work as a landmark. This study will thematize the evolution of the concept of landmark from Holy Mountain to the place for sharing and suggest the characteristic of 21st century landmark to come.


ABSTRACT
 The algorithmic recommendations used by digital platforms have significant impacts on users behaviours and preferences. For instance, Spotify and Tinder ground their platforms on recommendation algorithms that nudge users to either listen to specific songs or romantically match with specific users. Despite their powerful influence, there is little concrete detail about how exactly these algorithms work as technology companies are increasingly resistant to scholarly scrutiny. This article makes both methodological and substantive contributions to understanding how these influential recommendation algorithms work. We conducted a sequential analysis of historical and contemporary iterations of Spotify and Tinder's Privacy Policies and Terms of Use to ascertain the extent to which it is possible to use this sort of analysis to infer functionalities of the algorithmic recommendations. Our results offered certain insights into the companies, such as Spotify acknowledging in its Privacy Policy that companie's commercial agreements may be altering the recommendations. However, the legal documentation of both companies is ambiguous and lacks detail as to the platform's use of AI and user data. This opaque drafting of Privacy Policies and Terms of Use hamper the capacity of outsiders to properly scrutinise the companies' algorithms and their relationship with users.


A hierarchy of general circulation models (GCMs) is used to investigate the linearity of the response of the climate system to changes in Antarctic topography. Experiments were conducted with a GCM with either a slab-ocean or fixed SSTs and sea ice, in which the West Antarctic ice sheet (WAIS) and coastal Antarctic topography was either lowered or raised in an idealizedway. Additional experimentswere conducted with a fully-coupledGCMwith topographic perturbations based on an ice-sheet model in which the WAIS collapses. The response over the continent is the same in all model configurations and is mostly linear. In contrast, the response has substantial non-linear elements over the Southern Ocean that depend on the model configuration due to feedbacks with sea ice, ocean, and clouds. The atmosphere warms near the surface over much of the Southern Ocean and cools in the stratosphere over Antarctica, whether topography is raised or lowered. When topography is lowered, the Southern Ocean surface warming is due to strengthened southward atmospheric heat transport and associated enhanced storminess over the WAIS and the high latitudes of the Southern Ocean. When topography is raised, Southern Ocean warming is more limited, and associated with circulation anomalies. The response in the fully-coupled experiments is generally consistent with the more idealized experiments, but the full-depth ocean warms throughout the water column whether topography is raised or lowered. These results indicate that ice sheet-climate system feedbacks differ depending on whether the Antarctic ice sheet is gaining or losing mass.


Objective Endometrial carcinoma (cancer of the uterus) is the fifth most common cancer in women world wide and the most common gynaecological cancer. Each woman confronted with such a diagnosis will respond in different ways, as will their family and friends; therefore each will vary in their supportive needs. This study aimed to acquire some insight into the initial impact of a diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma on women and factors relating to support for them. Design Semi‐structured interviews were used to collect in‐depth data on women's views. Interviews were audio‐taped. Demographic data were collected prior to interview by structured questionnaire. Setting The setting was a tertiary women's hospital in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Subjects The subjects were seven women with newly diagnosed endometrial carcinoma. Main outcome measures Interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded into themes. Results The findings include an acceptance of the diagnosis and adequate friend and family support. Some women experienced initial denial from immediate family members; for others the diagnosis led to a new appreciation of life and values. Most women received adequate education regarding endometrial carcinoma, while others used varied means including the internet to find further information. Health care facilities for rural versus urban women; the means by which women were told of their diagnosis; and appropriate follow up and support, were issues that arose which require further exploration. Conclusions The needs of a woman diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma will vary between individuals. Further research in the area of psychosocial care for women newly diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma would be of value. Women need individualised and accessible education. If women are provided with a variety of educational tools, they can individualise the information they need for themselves. Exploring women's reactions to a diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma: a pilot study of Australian women RESEARCH PAPER


1. The pear tree remains in dormancy during December and January and bud beak takes place from first week of February after completing the chilling requirements. Prevailing weather conditions during the whole crop growing season have direct bearing upon the phenological events of the crop which ultimately affect the crop yield. The duration of each growth phase is a result of crop response to external environmental factors. Temperature is one of the important elements of the climate which determines directly the potential productivity level particularly for winter crops and temperate fruits. Thermal time effect has been described as the independent variable to delineate plant growth and development (Dwyer and Stewart, 1986). Temperature based agrometeorological indices like GDD, HTU, PTU and HYTU are based on the concept that real time to attain the phenological stages is linearly related to temperature in the range between base temperature and the optimum temperature (Monteith, 1981). This concept is widely used for assessing growth, phenological development and yield of different crops (Rajput et al., 1987; Shanker et al., 1996; Swan et al., 1989). Such work has been done in many winter crops elsewhere (Rao et al., 1999) but has not hitherto been reported from semi arid region of Haryana especially on fruit crops.


Many organizations today have turned to workplace innovation programs in the conviction that creativity is one key to competitive survival. The success of such group-oriented programs varies widely, but there is one approach that can help companies better achieve their goals for innovation: developing the personal creativity skills of individual members of the organization. Personal creativity means the ability of an individual to create new, relevant ideas and perspectives. And people can actually strengthen their innate creative abilities and problem-solving capacities. Developing personal creativity involves four elements: understanding the process of creative thinking, identifying blocks to creative thinking and the skills individuals can use to increase creative response, using methods to get fresher ideas and solutions more often, and identifying a personal creative drive and lifelong vision that can help individuals achieve their personal and professional goals.


Cluster end-users and administrators have become more cog- nizant of the fact that large-scale commodity clusters fail quite fre- quently, and the main source of these failures is hardware (e.g., pro- cessors) with the primary cause being heat. This situation is expected to worsen with even larger-scale clusters powered by faster (and/or multi- core) processors. In this paper, we propose a power-management algo- rithm that addresses heat-related reliability for processors by control- ling their clock speeds in a performance-aware manner. This approach is complementary to existing approaches such as exotic cooling and fault- tolerant technologies in that it proactively deals with power and cooling issues before they become a problem. Our preliminary experimental work demonstrates that our approach can easily be applied commodity pro- cessors and can reduce heat generation by 30% on average with minimal effect on performance when running the SPEC benchmarks.


The increasing demand for clean energy and sustainable living have been promising for Photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, in urban environments, uniform solar insolation is not guaranteed. Thus, conventional Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques severely fail at Partially Shaded Conditions (PSC). In response, a new hybrid technique is being proposed using Adaptive Network-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) using Takagi-Sugeno Architecture in combination with an existing conventional technique for Power Point Tracking at PSC. Fuzzy Inference Systems (FIS) of different rule base size and membership functions are developed and their feasibility is assessed for differing grid size and variable insolation levels is discussed.


The implementation of these project and program has promoted educational reform in rural schools,and improved the quality of education in rural areas.However,some problems in the implementation should not be ignored.As the results of a survey on schools in some rural areas of Anhui Province show,rural teachers' lack of theoretical knowledge about modern education technology and information technology capability leads to the low efficiency of this project,which does not give its full play.Meanwhile,the poor pertinence of "National Teacher Training Program" cannot effectively meet the demand of teachers in rural primary and secondary schools.This paper explores into taking advantage of "National Teacher Training Program" to promote the effective application of "National Rural Modern Distance Education Project",and puts forward the necessity and ways to integrate them.


ASEAN Economic Community / AEC has made the competition even more sharply and pooling of regional economy exposes the company in increasingly competitive, and dynamic. These conditions require companies to utilize all available resources in order not to lose out in the global competition. Human resources is one of the resources owned by the company among several other resources and a vital corporate assets that are expected to utilize all the potential available in the company. This research was conducted at PT Bangkitgiat Usaha Mandiri (PT BUM) is a company engaged in the cultivation and processing of palm crude palm oil (CPO) is located in the city of East Waringin Central Kalimantan. The company's performance is inseparable from how the business and what has been done by employees. Therefore, the company must seek a way in order to satisfy employee. Meanwhile, to satisfy the employees, the role of transformational leadership, organizational culture plays an important role. This Research wanted to know how the influence of the independent variable leadership, organizational culture on employee satisfaction as the dependent variable. This research will contribute in increasing employee satisfaction to the firm. This paper is still conceptual framework and will be continued to be a research proposal as part of the writing of a dissertation.


There is a requirement to test the power point tracking capabilities of algorithms used in renewable energy applications that utilize solar PV technologies. Due to the unpredictability of weather conditions, it is difficult to test and validate the interfacing technologies effectively, this creates a need for a system that can control these conditions as required. An emulator allows these systems to be tested under varied environmental conditions in order to test the full capabilities of the converter systems. The emulator uses halogen lamps controlled with the use of a variable frequency and voltage gen-set setup to vary the light intensity incident on a solar panel. The system constructed (and tested) suffers from the effects of panel shading, however, it provides sufficient capabilities for laboratory testing, and research and development purposes.


Regarding the engineering geology conditions in Sifang Mountain Tunnel,the arti-cle used FLAC3D to establish the three-dimensional numerical model,calculated and ana-lyzed the impact of fracture zone on the stability of surrounding rock in Sifang Mountain Tunnel,and proposed the key areas under the impact of fracture zone on the stability of sur-rounding rock.


Abstract : This thesis analyzes the impact of risk and uncertainty on the Department of Defense (DoD) Acquisitions System and the decision making process of modern Program Managers. A number of risks and uncertainties will be identified and a determination will be made if Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Open Architecture (OA) decreases or increases risks and uncertainty. In addition, it explores whether SOA and OA has achieved projected significant cost savings.


(57) Abstract: Collect blood sample, the apparatus and method makes it possible to detect the presence of microorganisms in the blood sample. The device is sensitive flat under vacuum to provide an environment for culturing colonies of microorganisms from a blood sample, a means to facilitate the detection and quantification of microorganisms with use hands to or instrument. It said vacuum sensing flat plate having a sensing layer and microorganisms fixed matrix layer. Colonies of the detected microorganism is available immediately next inspection. The kit is provided comprising a needle device for suctioning blood directly to the fixed layer in the vacuum sensing device from the patient. The sensing flat detection and area for receiving a blood sample, a mechanism for fixing the blood sample inside surface of the plate, and nutrients to promote the growth of microorganisms in the sample, colonies of microorganisms in the blood sample and it provides a / or enumerate for sensing layer. Drawings is a diagram of a sensing flat plate (1) which can in a shallow container with at least one side is transparent or crystal clear plates.


We report on the use of ESR imaging for determining the translational diffusion constants of typical ESR spin probes in ordered and isotropic solvents. A discussion is given for a Fourier deconvolution method for determining the correct concentration profile if there is more than one hyperfine line in the spectrum of the radical as well as a spatial dependence of the spectrometer sensitivity. A simple but approximate subtraction deconvolution method is also presented. The diffusion constants for 4‐oxo‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPONE) in the nematic and isotropic phases of the liquid crystal p‐pentylbenzylidine‐p‐butylanaline (5,4) were determined. In the isotropic phase the diffusion coefficient is isotropic (D=2.5×10−6 cm2 s−1, at 50 °C), while in the nematic phase it was found to be mildly anisotropic. The diffusion coefficients for motion perpendicular and parallel to the director axis in the nematic phase are respectively, D⊥ =9.0×10−7 cm2 s−1, D∥ =6.4×10−7 cm2 s−1 at 27 °C. This is inte...


Pupa is a low-latency communication system that provides the same quality of message delivery as TCP but is designed speci cally for a parallel computing cluster connected by a 100 Mbits/sec Fast Ethernet. The implementation has been operational for over a year, and several systems have been built on top of Pupa, including a compiler-directed distributed shared virtual memory system, Locust , and a parallel multimedia index server, PAMIS . To minimize bu er management overhead, Pupa uses per-sender/per-receiver xedsized FIFO bu ers to optimize for the common case, rather than a shared variable-length linked-list bu er pool. In addition, Pupa features a sender-controlled acknowledgement and an optimistic ow control scheme to reduce the overhead of providing reliable in-order message delivery. Our performance results show that Pupa is twice as fast as the fast path of TCP in terms of latency, and is about 1.5 times better in terms of throughput. This paper presents the design decisions during the development of Pupa, the results of a detailed performance study of the Pupa prototype, as well as the implementation experiences from Pupabased applications development.


It is necessary to set up real-time hardware-in-loop simulation system for power regulation of nuclear heating reactor(NHR) because it is used in the load following instance such as seawater desalination and energy source.As the experiment data are so large that it is hard to be real-time all in one computer and to save and show the data.With the distributed configuration,the system was set up having a legible and intuitionist man-machine interface,speeding the model calculation computer and meeting the requirements of power regulation of NHR.Screen clear and concise,easy command input and results output make the system easier to verify.


The author discusses the history and principles of deposit works of researchers and PhD students at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun in the institutional repository. Shows the advantages of implementing such archives at universities in Poland. Highlights their importance for the promotion of science.


This article demonstrates how Foucault's notion(s) of power can be misappropriated to International Relations (IR) thought. After considering Foucault's early and late work, the article reveals the complexity of his thought, describing how he developed his notion(s) of power and their effects on subjectivity and freedom. Although a number of IR scholars have revealed the challenges of appropriating Foucaultian thought to IR, their approaches highlight the effects rather than the causes of such (mis)appropriation. By unveiling the causes, this article informs IR scholars on how to avoid this (mis)appropriation and points their attention to the interplay among power, subjectivity and freedom, which is often neglected. Therefore, critical value is added to the Foucaultian IR debate by analysing how Foucault perceived freedom, its association with power and the effects on the subject's agency.


The present invention provides a voltage switch group, the electrophotographic type color image forming apparatus having the same to connect the power supply and a plurality of developing devices in sequence. The voltage switching groups, a first terminal connected to the power supply; Providing a plurality of the circumference of a circle and a second terminal coupled to one of said plurality of developing devices; And, there is possibly provided rotating around the center of the circle, the rotor connecting the power application to enable one of the first terminals and the plurality of second terminals; characterized in that it includes a.


This study examined the interrater reliability of the Scale for the Prediction of Aggression and Dangerousness in Psychotic Patients (PAD), an instrument designed to predict the occurrence and severity of aggressive behavior in specific situations or interactions. The results supported the PAD's interrater reliability. Mean values of intraclass correlation coefficients were acceptable for predictions pertaining to acute phase of illness and for predictions pertaining to better phase of illness. Compared to those of individual raters, the predictions of groups of raters did not substantially improve interrater reliability.


Eluxadoline is approved for treating diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). Because its mechanism of action is via interaction with opioid receptors, eluxadoline has a theoretical risk for abuse. However, the drug has minimal systemic absorption when taken orally, which would seem to minimize this risk.

To assess the risk for abuse with use of eluxadoline for IBS-D, researchers analyzed pooled safety data from approximately …


On 22 September 1599 a group of 101 Londoners prominent in the city's government and business affairs (including 23 members of the Levant Company) agreed to subscribe the capital necessary to mount a 'pretended voiage to the Easte Indias', in imitation of recent Dutch successes. Three days later they decided to petition the Privy Council for a charter of incorporation, though it was a year before they were in a position to proceed. The royal charter, issued on 31 December 1600, incorporated the increased number of 218 persons as the Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading into the East Indies, granting them a Ž fteen-year, renewable monopoly of all English trade to the east of the Cape of Good Hope, exemption from customs outward for their Ž rst four voyages, and permission to re-export bullion to the value of £30,000 in any one voyage. Management was vested in a governor and twenty-four 'committees', to be elected annually from among the investors. The Ž rst twelve voyages of the new Company were 'separate stock' ventures. Each was Ž nanced separately with its own capital, its accounts were kept apart, and when it was wound up the capital subscribed plus the proŽ t was repaid as 'divisions' to the subscribers. Each voyage was under the overall command of a 'General', assisted by the ships' masters for navigational matters and a number of factors and merchants for commercial affairs, some of whom were left behind in the port cities of Asia to lay the foundations of continuous trading posts or 'factories'. The Dutch had foreseen the administrative and Ž nancial difŽ culties which could arise from potentially competing voyages as early as 1602, when their city-based separate companies were merged to form the Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (United East India Company, or VOC), but it was not until 1613 that the English Company introduced a single Joint Stock to provide ongoing Ž nance for annual sailings. The Ž rst twelve voyages all had Indonesia as a destination—the spice trade was the driving motive for the Company's foundation—but nos. 3, 4, 9, and 10 also went to India, no.7 went to India and Thailand, and no.8 went to Japan. By 1615 factories had been established at Surat, Masulipatam, Pattani, Ayutthaya, Bantam, and Hirado, and the Company was increasingly participating in the inter-Asian trade in Indian textiles. A few of the journals of these voyages survive, but they are mainly fragmentary. Some valuable documentation can be found in the Company's Miscellaneous Court Book and Original Correspondence (i.e. Letters received from Asia). The most important near-contemporary source, however, is Purchas his pilgrimes, published by the Reverend Samuel Purchas in 1624–25. Purchas had obtained the collections of Richard Hakluyt (d.1616), author of Principall navigations of the English nation, who had offered advice and information to the  edgling Company and had ready access to the original journals and their authors, while Purchas himself was also allowed access to the Company's papers. Much of what he transcribed is no longer extant in the Company's archives, the India


Abnormal expression and constitutive activation of receptor tyrosine kinases, such as ALK, ROS1 and TRK, as a result of gene rearrangements have been clinically validated as therapeutic targets for cancer. Recently, fusions involving the FGFR family, especially FGFR1, FGFR2 and FGFR3, have been identified in diverse solid tumors such as cholangiocarcinoma, glioblastoma, bladder, lung, breast, thyroid and prostate cancers. FGFR fusions are oncogenic drivers that ligand-independently activate the receptor kinases and their downstream signaling pathways, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation and invasion. Infigratinib (BGJ398) is an oral and selective inhibitor of FGFR. At biochemical and cellular levels, infigratinib selectively inhibits the activity of FGFR1, FGFR2 and FGFR3 with low nM potency, while sparing FGFR4, VEGFR2 and other kinases. In FGFR fusion-positive xenograft models, including cell line-derived and patient-derived models representing diverse tumor histologies, infigratinib treatment leads to significant tumor growth inhibition and regression at clinically achievable exposure levels. The anti-tumor effect of infigratinib is accompanied by inhibition of downstream signaling pathways and induction of tumor apoptosis. Clinically, in an open-label phase II trial, infigratinib demonstrated a cORR of 39.3% in FGFR2 fusion-positive cholangiocarcinoma patients who had received one or fewer prior chemotherapy regimens. Additionally, RECIST responses were achieved in non-cholangiocarcinoma solid tumors tested positive for FGFR fusions. In conclusion, the available preclinical and clinical data demonstrate the potential of infigratinib as an effective treatment for patients with FGFR fusion-positive tumors, regardless of the fusion partners or the origin of tissue. On the basis of these data there is a clear rationale for performing tumor-agnostic clinical trials in molecularly defined cancers to maximally benefit patients with serious and life-threatening diseases. Citation Format: Gary Li, Melanie Krook, Sameek Roychowdhury, Francesca Avogadri, Yining Ye, Susan Moran. Anti-tumor activity of infigratinib, a potent and selective inhibitor of FGFR1, FGFR2 and FGFR3, in FGFR fusion-positive cholangiocarcinoma and other solid tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2206.


The precise histological examination revealed that the area, of which selectiv damaging intercepted the epileptic convulsion, corresponded to the bilateral small spherical regions having a diameter of 2-3mm with H(2) of Forel's field as its center. The large damaging of the bilateral nucleus medialis of thalamus was also effective to intercept the epileptic convulsion.


Granularity of Knowledge [15] has been proposed as a metaphor with which to capture the basic phenomenon of Reasoning under Uncertainty viz. the presence in the reasoning process and in its symbolic versions of constructs representing vaguely defined collections of objects drawn together by some similarity relations, e.g. fuzzy ones (cf. [14]). Similarly, the idea of Computing with Words has been proposed [14] as a computational paradigm in which certain words/phrases of Natural Language are labels for granules of knowledge and semantics of a chosen subset of Natural Language is realized via a calculus of granules of knowledge, e.g. by means of Fuzzy Logic. In this work, we would like to make a further step towards this end (cf. [9]) and we modify here a scheme for reasoning under uncertainty based on approximate mereological calculus in distributed systems proposed earlier (cf. [10]) . Vague specifications coding synthesis problems are rendered as phrases of Natural Language and interpreted as approximate formulae in logics for approximate reasoning over distributed systems of intelligent agents endowed with knowledge, in particular with approximate mereological predicates for constructing granules of knowledge. Calculi of those granules and the resulting formal grammars and languages denoting semantically the chosen phrases of Natural Language are invoked here (cf. [12]). The results presented here constitute a step towards a certain fulfillment of Computing with Words program. It is expected that those languages will be applicable in problems of Intelligent Control, e.g. in Mobile Robotics and in problems of Approximate Reasoning in Natural Language (cf. our earlier work [8]).


The present invention pertains to a nanocomposite material comprising rubber and a modified layered double hydroxide comprising: a charge-balancing organic ion having a first functional group and a second functional group, wherein at least part of the organic anions is chemically linked to the rubber through the second functional group; and/or a silane coupling agent having at least one alkoxysilane group and at least one reactive group, at least one alkoxysilane group being chemically linked to the layered double hydroxide, at least one reactive group being chemically linked to the rubber. The invention further pertains to a process for preparing the nanocomposite material or a precursor thereof.


HE DRIFT OF SMALL WATER DROPLETS frommechanical and natural draft cooling tower installa-tions can contain water treatment chemicals thatcan be hazardous if they make contact with plants,building surfaces, or human activity. Prediction ofdrift accretion is generally provided by analyticmodels as found in the US EPA-approved ISCST3 orSACTI codes. However, these codes are not suitablewhen cooling towers are located in the midst oftaller structures and buildings. A CFD calculationincluding a Lagrangian prediction of the stochastic,gravity-driven trajectory descent of droplets is a better approach in this kind of environment. Onesuch calculation has been performed and comparedto data from the 1977 Chalk Point Dye TracerExperiment in preparation for using such methodsin more complex building configurations. Thenumerical analysis predicts plume rise, surface con-centrations, plume centerline concentrations, andsurface drift accretion within the bounds of fieldexperimental accuracy. Estimation of the impact of cooling tower drift onthe downwind deposition of droplet-born toxins isdifficult. A few field studies performed between1965 and 1984 examined cooling tower plume rise, visibility, and downwind concentrations.Unfortunately, only a couple of these actually meas-ured deposition rates downwind. Despite limitedfield data, concern about drift and deposition led tothe development of more than a dozen separateanalytic models to predict downwind ground-levelconcentrations and accretion rates. Chen [1] com-pared ten drift deposition models using a set ofstandard input conditions for a natural-draft coolingtower, and found that most of the models agreedwithin a factor of three. However, when all ten mod-els were compared, the predicted maximum driftParticle-laden exhaust flows in a typical urban setting where cooling towers emit 300 micron particles in an 8.5m/sec exhaust stream, using reference wind speeds of 5m/s at an angle of 240° from true North; pathlines are shown at left, and particle tracks are shown at rightChalk Point Coal Fired Power Station (2640 MW), Maryland


New calculations for the total reaction cross sections (${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{R}}$) are carried out within the framework of nuclear transport theory combined with the optical limit of the Glauber theory. The average nucleon-nucleon collision number is obtained based on the nuclear transport theory. The probability of nucleon-nucleon collision, which is assumed to be a Possion distribution, is calculated, and then ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{R}}$ is calculated by using the optical limit of the Glauber theory. The calculated ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{R}}$ are in agreement with the experimental data for reactions induced by both the stable and the exotic nuclei. In addition, the effects of some ingredients on ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{R}}$ can be easily analyzed with the present method. Among them the effects are mainly from Pauli blocking, the nuclear equation of state, the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{N}\mathit{N}}$, the effective nucleon density distribution, and the dynamics of nucleus-nucleus collisions. From the calculated energy dependence of ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{R}}$, it is found that the total reaction cross sections are sensitive to the nuclear equation of state when the bombarding energy is below 100 MeV/nucleon and also sensitive to the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section in the full researched energy range. Provided that the same nuclear equation of state is applicable to the reactions induced by both the stable and the exotic nuclei in the lower energy range, we seem to have that the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section in the exotic nuclei may be larger than in the stable nuclei.


Background: Green tea polyphenols are chemopreventive in several cancer models but their use as adjunctive therapeutic agents for cancer is unknown.


This paper presents a virtual assembly environment developed by lynx of Vega and C.Virtual modeling exchange,assembly path and collision check are investigated.Experiment about an engine piston shows this system can prefer virtual assembly.


Imaging techniques are widely used for the diagnostics of paintings. The results, collected by applying various imaging techniques are generally compared by the art historian who studies the object. These 2D data can be effectively integrated to form a multi-dimensional dataset, and added to a 3D digital model of the painting, thus creating a complete package of information about the opera. In this work we present some examples of applications of data integration with measurements performed on some important panel paintings. The imaging analysis was carried out by applying techniques such as infrared reflectography, colour and false colour imaging and ultraviolet fluorescence. The IR reflectogram, the false colour and the colour image are simultaneously acquired with a scanning device characterized by a high resolution (16 dots/mm2), a high tonal dynamic and point-to-point correspondence between these three images. A multi-spectral device, based on a high-resolution CCD camera, is used for UV fluorescence. The 3D relief was obtained by means of scanning micro-profilometry with a quota resolution of about 1 micron. The integration of the 3D model with the results given by several imaging techniques greatly increases the information and it eases the analysis of the painting under investigation.


Abstract Fine 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX) and 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX) are used in warheads, HEAT ammunitions, plastic bonded explosives and propellants for improving their performance characteristics. A non-aqueous precipitation method was studied to obtain these nitramines in fine form (3–6 µm). The effect of agitation, solution to solvent concentration and ageing time on particle size were studied. Particle size and shape of fine nitramines were analysed on Malvern particle size analyser and scanning electron microscope, respectively. Fine nitramines were also analysed for their sensitivity and thermal characteristics. Especially, the polymorph analysis was carried out for fine HMX from X-ray diffraction pattern and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy spectra. Organic solvents were recovered at normal conditions and reused for consecutive studies. The overall study resulted in delivering economic, effluentless and safe process for preparation of fine nitramines between 3 and 6 µm size. The developed technology has a unique advantage of scaling up at any level.


Possessing enhanced mechanical durability and multiple novel functions, hydrogel laminates have found wide application in diverse areas including stretchable and bio-integrated electronics, soft robotics, tissue engineering and biomedical devices. In the above scenarios, hydrogels are often required to sustain large deformation without mechanical failure over a long time. Compared to the fast movement in functions design, the failure mechanism of hydrogel laminates has been much less explored and researched, as well as laminates' fracture toughness – a key parameter characterizing their fracture behavior. To address this largely unexplored issue, this paper further studies the fracture toughness of hydrogel laminates both experimentally and theoretically. A kind of modified pure-shear test suitable for measuring the fracture toughness of hydrogel laminates is proposed, which is then applied to testing a PAAm-PAA laminate's toughness. Through theoretical analysis and numerical modeling, the experimentally observed enhancement in the fracture toughness of PAAm-PAA laminates is explained – the fracture toughness of the laminates covers the energy required for both the crack and concomitant interfacial delamination to propagate, and the theoretical predictions agree well with the experimental results. The results from this study provide quantitative guidance for understanding the fracture behavior of hydrogel laminates.


The fatigue resistance of individual synthetic fibers can govern the performance of complex fiber assemblies such as tire cord and marine rope under certain loading conditions. This paper explores the relative performance of polyester and nylon 6,6 fibers and yarns, both dry and in aqueous solutions, primarily synthetic seawater. Fiber failure over a range of loading conditions and frequencies was found to occur at a critical cumulative strain, governed by a creep rupture process; the cyclic lifetime for both fibers is predictable using a simple creep rupture based theory. Polyester is more resistant to creep rupture, and consequently outperforms nylon 6,6 in cyclic fatigue. The advantage of polyester is considerably greater in aqueous solutions, where the performance of the nylon is diminished. Other comparisons indicate that the particular polyester fibers studied have higher stiffness and strength, lower strain to failure, and much lower hysteresis energy absorption compared with the nylon. The actual fatigue performance of complex fiber assemblies such as ropes is also limited under many conditions by factors not present in single fiber or yarn fatigue, including hysteric heating and internal and external abrasion.


We had found several methods of hepatocyte isolation to be inadequate for removing Kupffer and endo thelial cells and so developed a method of selectively killing these nonparenchymal cells in hepatocyte cultures using the known selective uptake and toxicity of the protein synthesis inhibitor ricin and its A chain by nonparenchymal cells. Kupffer cells were quantitated with the Ku‐1 monoclonal antibody. Endothelial and Kupffer cells were identified by means of fluorescence microscopy after uptake of fluorescent‐labeled, acetylated low‐density lipoprotein. Freshly isolated hepatocyte suspensions contained 21% ± 1.2% (mean ± S.E.M.) as many nonparenchymal cells as hepatocytes (n=12), including 7.6% ± 1.0% as many Kupffer cells as hepatocytes (n=10). In monolayers of hepatocytes maintained up to 48 hr in serum‐free medium, 3% to 7% of cells were Ku‐1 positive, and 2% to 11% took up fluorescence‐labeled, acetylated low‐density lipoprotein. Purification of hepatocytes using Percoll densitygradient centrifugation, elutriation rotor or other means was only partially effective. Hepatocyte monolayers in serum‐free medium were incubated with various concentrations of ricin A chain for 1 hr, then washed and studied up to 48 hr later. Optimal treatment with 1.0 ng/ml ricin A chain resulted in decreased nonparenchymal cells 24 hr later and nearly complete loss of Kupffer and endothelial cells at 48 hr. Hepatocyte morphology and protein synthesis were unchanged. Ricin A chain can be used to eliminate Kupffer and endothelial cells from hepatocyte cultures. (Hepatology 1994;20:436–444.)


Abstract :            The purpose of this research is to know the results of the analysis obtained from the difference between the standard costs of production with the actual costs of production and to know the cause. The usefulness of this research is can be used for information for business management to making process related to bending the costs of production or the efficiency the costs of production. Based on the data research in UKM Krupuk Ikan Cita Rasa acquired the profitable about Rp .11.464.006,-. The differenced was caused by volume and price materials changes. From the data above can be concluded that hypothesis can be accepted because of the analysis results of the difference between the standard cost it was greater than the factual cost proven by the cost production calculated gain Rp 11.464.006 , -. Keywords : Production Cost, UKM


It never ceases to amaze me how the words vulva and vagina make people's toes curl. Female patients frequently use all sorts of euphemisms to describe their genitalia, implying some sense of shame associated with the anatomically correct terms. This leads me on to the medical profession and its collusion with this taboo surrounding the terminology of female genitalia. Moreover, the specialty expected to be the pioneers in appropriate nomenclature is probably one of the worst offenders: obstetrics. Conception—that is, sex—and stages …


The impact of wind power integration on power market is complex and time-dependent, and can be reflected by some key factors with causal feedback relationships. First, the System Dynamics feature of the impact of wind power integration on power market is analyzed; second, according to the causal feedback relationships among the key factors, the System Dynamics model of the impact of wind power integration on power market is established; on this basis, under the scenario of wind power integrated capacity increasing, the impacts of wind power integration on the power supply and demand, power price and costs in power market are dynamically simulated, and the validity of the System Dynamics model in this paper is verified.


Tax is considered as the most common and significance financial source for supplying public revenues and one of the most efficient and effective instruments of financial policy in the world; whereby the government can offer many social and welfare services to people and direct most economic and social activities and flows. Thus, precise recognition of potential tax revenues provides a clear vision for economic planning for economy policy makers. Scientific prediction of revenues leads to increase of precision and attempt of tax officers on taxation. The aim of this study was to investigate effective factors of tax capacity on prediction of tax revenues in Golestan province. In this study, OLS econometric method has been used for estimation of tax capacity and ARMA method has been used for prediction of tax revenues by Eviews software. Thus, the present research methodology is descriptive- analytical casual. Based on the results of obtained prediction from ARMA models, it is observed that tax revenues of the province has increasing growth and it is predicted that until 1400, tax revenues of the province would reach 846,213 million IRR, which is about 1.6 times more than tax revenue of 2010. The obtained results indicated that consumption tax, corporate tax, income tax and wealth tax have increasing trend. At the end, some recommendations have been offered.


Camera calibration is an important issue in both computer vision and computer graphics. Therefore, many works have been done to obtain camera parameters from real images. One of the most famous calibration methods is proposed by Tsai [Tsai 1987], which uses several feature points of known positions. However, since his method is based on the pinhole camera model, defocus effects made by a real lens system are not concerned. In this paper, we propose a new camera calibration method that takes into account both geometric information of feature points and blur width of edges.


The role of migrant women as domestic and care workers is a main characteristic of the feminisation of migration to southern Europe. This article aims to understand how and why current patterns of female migration to Portugal are a key element, driving increased flows of domestic workers. The article focuses first on the path followed by Portugal in the fields of immigration, employment, welfare-state developments and care arrangements, and then presents results of a qualitative study on Brazilian immigrant women. Findings show that the new plurality of female migration trajectories is an important factor in explaining the rapid integration of immigrant women in the domestic sector. This does not mean, however, that a predominant 'migrant in the family' care model has emerged in Portugal. In contrast with other southern European countries, different policy perspectives and outcomes over the last three decades have made for a more diversified care model. National contexts in southern European countries must therefore be taken into account, since they provide particular conditions for the main forms and features of migrant domestic work.


The author in this communication brings to a conclusion that series of inquiries into the structural and physiological characters of typical forms of Foraminifera, which he had been induced to work out for the sake of turning to the account of Zoological science the valuable collections made by Mr. Jukes in the Australian Seas and by Mr. Cuming in the Philippine. The first genus now treated of is Polystomella, the smaller and simpler forms of which have long been known, and of which the structure, so far as it can be elucidated by the examination of such specimens, has been already described with great care and accuracy by Professor W. C. Williamson. But in the comparatively gigantic and highly developed Polystomella of the Australian and Philippine series, a feature exists which is scarcely discernible in the humbler forms previously examined—that feature being the extraordinary development of the canal-system. A spiral canal runs along the inner margin of either surface of every whorl; from this canal a series of arches is given off, of which one passes down between every two adjacent segments, uniting it with the other spiral canal; whilst another set of straight branches passes directly towards the surface of the shell, through the thick calcareous deposit which covers in the depressed centre of the spire, and which extends as far as the last- formed spire . From the connecting arches, successive pairs of diverging branches proceed at frequent intervals; these, in the last whorl, make their way to the surface of the shell, and (when the shell is newly formed) open close on either side of the septal band; though, as the shell increases in thickness by subsequent deposit, the increased divergence of the branches separates their mouths from each other; and it very commonly happens that the two contiguous branches diverging from different arches meet and open by a single external pore half-way between the septal bands. When one whorl, however, has been surrounded by another, this radiating canal-system of the inner whorl does not usually continue itself directly into that of the outer (though such a continuation is not unfrequently seen), but the diverging canals for the most part terminate in the stolons of communication between the segments of sarcode that occupy the chambers of the outer whorl.


Lady Windermere syndrome (LWS) is the eponym for a nodular bronchiolocentric form of lung disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and occurring predominantly in tall thin White elderly women without previous lung disease. CT findings of LWS include centrilobular nodules, tree-in-bud opacities, and bronchiectasis. Lesions occur predominantly in the middle lobe and lingula (Figure 1). Although Mycobacterium avium complex is the most common causative agent, other species can cause LWS. The disease usually has a chronic course and an indolent behavior, as well as being characterized by a progressive increase in lesion size and number. Certain clinical and laboratory characteristics are more common in patients with LWS than in the general population, including scoliosis, pectus excavatum, mitral valve prolapse, benign joint hypermobility syndrome, and genetic mutations (related to cystic fibrosis, affecting ciliary function, causing connective tissue disorders, and involving immune function). Endocrine changes (such as reduced estrogen, leptin, and dehydroepiandrosterone, as well as increased adiponectin and cortisol) have also been reported. Most LWS patients are nonsmokers, and LWS can also affect men, albeit much less commonly. The mean age at diagnosis is usually higher in men than in women. Impaired bronchial clearance is part of the pathophysiological process. LWS is multifactorial, involving genetic, environmental, and aging-related factors.


AbstractThe changes with time in the pitting corrosion current density on a steel electrode with the concentration of both the inhibitive anions (CrO42−, HPO42− and WO42−) and aggressive anions (Cl−, Br− and I−) was followed using a simple electrolytic cell. In chromate solutions the pitting corrosion currents started to flow after an induction period, τ, which varied, in one and the same inhibitor solution, with the concentration of the aggressive anion, according to the expression: log τ =a−b log Cagg.The pitting corrosion currents finally reached steady-state values which depended on the type and concentration of both the inhibitive and corrosive anions. At a constant inhibitor concentration,the corrosion current varied with the concentration of the aggressive anion according to: log icorr = al + b1 log Cagg, and with constant aggressive ion concentration according to: log icorr =a2 - b2 log Cinh Comparison was made between the experimentally obtained values of al (a2 and b1 (b2), and the corresponding...


Abstract : Data are presented to demonstrate that resource relocation during reading can occur in response to task demands. These relocations can compensate for experimentally induced lower level deficits. Further, these reallocations appear to operate both top-down and bottom-up. The data are clearly inconsistent with serial and parallel noninteractive models of reading. The necessity of including resource allocations and compensatory resource relocation provisions in interactive models of reading is emphasized.


Prevalence of smoking is higher in Alaska Native and American Indian (ANAI) populations living in Alaska than the general US population. Genetic factors contribute to smoking and cessation rates. The objective of this study was to compare CYP2A6 genetic variation and CYP2A6 enzyme activity toward nicotine in an ANAI population. ANAI (N = 151) people trying to quit smoking were recruited. DNA samples were genotyped for CYP2A6 variants *1X2A, *1B, *2, *4, *9, *10, *12, and *35. Multiple nicotine metabolites were measured in plasma and urine samples, including cotinine and 3′‐hydroxycotinine used to determine CYP2A6 activity (e.g., nicotine metabolite ratio [NMR]). We calculated summary statistics for all of the genotypes and metabolites and assigned CYP2A6 activity scores based on known information. We studied the association of CYP2A6 variants with the NMR and smoking histories. The overall frequency of the CYP2A6*1B gain of function allele was high in the ANAI versus non‐ANAI populations in other studies. Both *4 null and *9 decrease of function alleles had frequencies similar to previous studies of ANAI populations. In a multivariate analysis, the genotype‐inferred CYP2A6 activity score was associated with both plasma and urine NMR (p value = 8.56E‐08 and 4.08E‐13, respectively). Plasma NMR was also associated with duration of smoking (p value < 0.01) but not urinary total nicotine equivalents uncorrected for creatinine (TNE9uc) or biological sex. Urine NMR was significantly associated (p value < 0.01) with TNE9uc. Variation in NMR in this ANAI population is explained in part by CYP2A6 genetic variation.


This volume is based on lectures and contributed papers presented at the Eighth Course of the International School of Materials Science and Tech nology that was held in Erice, Sicily, Italy at the Ettore Majorana Centre for Scientific Culture during the period 1-13 July 1985. The subject of the course was "Electromagnetic Surface Excitations." Forty lectures were given by eleven distinguished scientists and engineers from France, Italy, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In addition to the lectur ers, approximately fifty participants representing eleven different countries throughout the world t. ook part in the course. Short contributed papers were presented by seventeen participants on the results of their own re search. The subject of the Course is of great importance for both pure science and for practical applications such as telecommunications. A technolog ical revolution is occurring in which the transmission of information by means of electrical currents travelling in copper wires is being replaced by transmission by means of light travelling in objects known as optical wave guides. The manipulation and processing of the light signals prior and subsequent to transmission through the wave guide has resulted in a technology often referred to as integrated optics. Important to the opera tion of integrated optics devices is the behavior of electromagnetic waves near surfaces and interfaces. One of the goals of the course was to further the dialogue between engineers and physicists in common areas of interest related to the propagation of electromagnetic waves along surfaces."


The micro- and mesoporous structures of microemulsion templated mesocellular foam (MCF) silica materials aged at different temperatures were investigated by using nitrogen sorption αs-comparison plots and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). The impact of surface amino functionalization with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) on these structures was also studied. The nitrogen sorption αs-comparison plots show that the micropore volume of the MCF silica can be controlled by varying the synthesis aging temperature such that the higher the aging temperature, the smaller the micropore volume. The corresponding PALS data showed that this effect of temperature on micropore volume is a direct consequence of a temperature-dependent micropore population, with more micropores in the MCF material aged at lower temperature. After functionalization of the silica MCF materials with APTES, the BET surface area was seen to have reduced substantially, while maintaining the characteristic mesopore sizes....


The invention discloses a riding vertical type hemiplegia rehabilitation machine which is composed of a transmission box (1), a selector (2), an upper limb swinging arm (3), a lower limb swinging arm (4) and a speed switch (5). The riding vertical type hemiplegia rehabilitation machine is characterized in that a conventional mechanical transmission mechanism in the transmission box (1) is sequentially connected with the upper limb swinging arm (3), the lower limb swinging arm (4) and the speed switch (5). By means of the riding vertical type hemiplegia rehabilitation machine, compulsory exercise is performed on the upper limb and the lower limb of a patient suffering from hemiplegia to integrally recover health conditions of the patient. After using the riding vertical type hemiplegia rehabilitation machine for six months, the walking speed of the patient is increased by 60%, cardiovascular health is improved by 20%, and the patient can basically recover within one year. Therefore, the riding vertical type hemiplegia rehabilitation machine is an ideal auxiliary treatment machine for the patient suffering from the hemiplegia, and is suitable for auxiliary treatment of tge patient suffering from the hemiplegia, home nursing and hospitals.


3D shape sensing of flexible snakelike instruments using fiber Bragg gratings is a current research topic in robot assisted single port surgery (SPS). Though some results are achieved, a practical implementation that can be applied for instruments in SPS has not yet been particularly described. The specific instruments have special technical properties as e.g. they allow very small bending radii. In this work, approaches for the building process of a shape sensor that meets the special technical requirements of these instruments are pursued and evaluated. The theoretical foundations and calculation methods are adapted to the built shape sensor. The overall goal is to develop a building process for a miniaturized shape sensor that can be integrated into medical instruments. A first macro sized shape sensor has been successfully produced, but the miniaturization causes serious difficulties. In this work experiences with the fiber handling and occurring problems in production are described in detail. In summary, the realization of a shape sensor has already proven to be technically feasible but for miniaturization, further research concerning the used materials and the practical fiber handling is necessary.


This contribution offers an overview of the current as well as potential future obligations on export credit support for agricultural products under the Agreement on Agriculture and the SCM Agreement. The US – Upland Cotton rulings have not only shown that such disciplines are actually in place, yet they are also in line with – and even go beyond - the obligations imposed on direct export subsidies for agricultural products. Even negotiators seemed surprised by this jurisprudence as they were unintentionally drafting more flexible rules instead of more rigid ones on export credit support for agricultural products in the Doha Round. This contribution explains that the latest draft on the table would, however, impose additional disciplines that are clearly stricter than those imposed on direct export subsidies but, at the same time, fails to equalize the level playing field among WTO Members and is hard to read in a coherent way.


In December 2016, Bank Indonesia (BI) officially launched the 2016 Year Emission Rupiah. With the development of technology, the process of buying and selling are not only possible between humans and humans, but humans with a machine. In addition, the machine must also be able to read and recognize the nominal banknotes in various variations of face and rotation. This is because humans can put money in machines with various variations of face and rotation. This study aims to apply and analyze the level of accuracy of nominal rupiah banknotes identification with the SURF and FLANN methods for rotation variation. Testing for identification of nominal rupiah banknotes is carried out with different rotation variations, namely 0o, 90o, 180o, and 270o. The proposed identification method provides 100% of accuracy.


We have investigated the plastic deformation properties of non-‐equiatomic single phase Zr-‐Nb-‐Ti-‐Ta-‐Hf high-‐entropy alloys from room temperature up to 300 °C. Uniaxial deformation tests at a constant strain rate of 10 -‐4 s -‐1 were performed including incremental tests such as stress-‐relaxations, strain-‐rate-‐ and temperature changes in order to determine the thermodynamic activation parameters of the deformation process. The microstructure of deformed samples was characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The strength of the investigated Zr-‐Nb-‐Ti-‐Ta-‐Hf phase is not as high as the values frequently reported for high-‐entropy alloys in other systems. We find an activation enthalpy of about 1 eV and a stress dependent activation volume between 0.5 and 2 nm 3 . The measurement of the activation parameters at higher temperatures is affected by structural changes evolving in the material during plastic deformation.


We study the collective Raman cooling of a polarized trapped Fermi gas in the Festina Lente regime, when the heating effects associated with photon reabsorptions are suppressed. We demonstrate that by adjusting the spontaneous Raman emission rates one can achieve temperatures of the order of 10% of the Fermi temperature, $T_F$. Furthermore, we show that, using appropriately designed anharmonic traps, temperatures of $0.01 T_F$ can be reached.


S insects have evolved audition and evasive behaviors in response to selective pressure from bats, and other insects were preadapted to detecting ultrasonic signals. Some bats have evolved in turn, improving the range or resolution of sonar signals and serendipitously making them less detectable by insects. In other words, there is a kind of evolutionary escalation going on between bats and insects. Our aim with this review is to present the complex interactions between echolocating bats and insects with bat-detecting ears and show how these interactions may be advantageous for predator or prey. To document our examples, we cite mostly newer studies and reviews in which the reader can find references to original works. Insects occupied all terrestrial habitats at least 300 million years ago, long before bats appeared in the Eocene, about 50 million years ago. Ears have appeared independently 19 times in the class Insecta. In the period before bats, ears and complex acoustical behaviors appeared independently in at least seven orders of insects (Hoy et al. 1989, Robert et al. 1992,Yager 1999). Antibat tactics, which must have appeared in insects since the Eocene, are now known in members of four orders: Lepidoptera (moths and nocturnal butterflies), Orthoptera (crickets), Dictyoptera (praying mantids), and Neuroptera (green lacewings), and possibly also in the Diptera (flies) and Coleoptera (beetles). Insect tympanal organs, or ears, consist basically of an external, thin membrane (the tympanum) and associated internal air sacs, or tracheae. The auditory (sensory) cells attach to the tympanum or to an internal membrane (Yager 1999). Tympanal organs of most modern tympanate insects respond to a wide band of frequencies extending well into the ultrasonic range (above 20 kHz), as was probably true for preEocene tympanate insects as well. Tympanate insects are physically small animals that can produce high-frequency sounds more efficiently; hence, high frequencies are used by many insects for acoustical communication between conspecifics. Consequently, many sonorous insects were preadapted to the evolution of bats (Hoy 1992). According to one possible scenario, a vast larder of nocturnal, flying insects awaited exploitation, and a flying mammal, the microchiropteran bat, was one successful exploiter. Echolocation, or biosonar, was a prerequisite for success in darkness, and even the first nocturnal bats probably used it (see Hoy 1992). Most of the nearly 700 microchiropteran bat species eat insects that they detect using biosonar (Schnitzler and Kalko 2001). However, bat biosonar has two major disadvantages: attenuation and forewarning. The frequencies used by echolocating bats range generally from 20 kHz to 100 kHz, with some outliers using frequen-


The study investigated the dynamic of blended learning and technology supported learning strategies on tertiary students' performance in English writing. The sample for the study is made up of ninety (90) students from public tertiary institutions in Ekiti State. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select the ninety (90) respondents from the three (3) sampled higher institutions in the state. The study used a quasi-experimental research method to explore the relationship between variables. The quasi-experimental design for the study was the non-randomized pretest, post-test control group design. The instrument used for data collection was an English Writing Skill Performance Test. Three research questions were raised to guide the study and they were answered descriptively using mean and Standard Deviation. Four research hypotheses were formulated for the study and tested using t-test analysis of independent sample and a two way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Based on the data analysis, findings revealed that students that were exposed to blended learning instructional strategy significantly outperformed their counterparts who were exposed to technology supported method strategy and those taught using conventional method of teaching. Also, students who were exposed to technology supported method performed significantly higher than those taught using conventional method. It was further found that significant difference existed in gender performance with respect to the two strategies employed in the experimental group. While female students outperformed their male counterpart when been exposed to blended learning strategy, no significant difference existed when they were exposed to technology supported method. Lastly, the study concludes that there was significant effect of blended learning, technology supported and conventional methods on the tertiary students' learning outcomes in post-test. government, in conjunction with curriculum developers, the federal and state government; other professional bodies like National Universities Commission should create resource centers that can sensitize other stakeholders in the educational sector on the efficacy of blended learning and technology supported learning approach. Keywords: Students' performance, blended learning, Technology supported learning, Tertiary Institutions, English writing Journal Reference Format: Obadare, F.T.(2023): Dynamic of Blended Learning and Technology Supported Learning Strategies On Tertiary Students' Performance in English Writing. Humanities, Management, Arts, Education & the Social Sciences Journal. Vol. 11. No. 1, Pp 111-126. dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/HUMANITIES/V11N1P8x. Available online at www.isteams.net/humanitiesjournal


There are different standpoints of hermeneutics in the study of Marxism which include the standpoint of "objectivism" and the standpoint of "relativism" or "subjectivism" in contemporary study of Marxism, as reflected in the slogans: "entering Marx" and "approaching Marx". In order to ensure the healthy development of studying Marxism, we should insist on the standpoint of objectivism and oppose the standpoint of relativism or subjectivism. We, however, should oppose the standpoint of absolutism and carry out the dialectics in the comprehension. From the standpoint of dialectic objectivism, there is no antinomy between entering Marx and approaching Marx.


Objective To study the effect medicated serum of Compound Detoxification Zhidai Decoction on protein expression of human papilloma virus type 16 E6,E7,p53,Rb in human cervical carcinoma SiHa cells by Western Blot method and explore the effect of Compound Detoxification Zhidai Decoction on human papilloma virus. Methods The rats were randomly divided into control group,25% of the drug-containing serum group and 50% of the drug-containing serum group. The control group was given oral saline solution,while 25% of the drug-containing serum group and50% of the drug-containing serum group were given Compound Detoxification Zhidai Decoction. 25% drug-containing serum and 50% drug-containing serum were used to applied to SiHa cells. After 72 h and 120 h,we adopted Wsetern Blot method to detect protein expression. Statistical analysis was performed using independent sample t test. Results HPV16 E6,E7 protein expression level decreased and p53 and pRb protein expression level rised after 72 h with 50%drug-containing serum. But HPV16 E6,E7 protein expression level obviously decreased and p53 and pRb protein expression level obviously rised compared with those of 72h with 50% drug-containing serum after 120 h with 50% drugcontaining serum. There was a significant difference between the two groups. There was a significant difference between the two groups( P 0. 05). HPV16 E6,E7 protein expression level decreased and p53 and pRb protein expression level rised after 120h with 25% drug-containing serum. HPV16 E6,E7 protein expression level obviously decreased and p53 and pRb protein expression level obviously rised compared with those of 120 h with 25% drug-containing serum after 120 h with 50% drug-containing serum. There was a significant difference between the two groups( P 0.05). Conclusion The effect of medicated serum of Compound Detoxification Zhidai Decoction on protein expression of HPV16 E6,E7,p53,Rb in human cervical carcinoma SiHa cells is obvious. Its activity has a certain timeliness.


The concept of solar sailing and its developing spacecraft is presented. The gravitational and solar radiation forces are considered. The effect of source of radiation pressure and the force due to coronal mass ejections and solar wind on the sailcraft configurations is modeled. Some analytical control laws with some mentioned input constraints for optimizing sailcraft dynamics in heliocentric orbit using lagrange's planetary equations are obtained. Optimum force vector in a required direction is maximized by deriving optimal sail cone angle. Ignoring the absorbed and diffusely reflected parts of the radiation, some special cases are obtained. New control laws that maximize thrust to obtain certain required maximization in some particular orbital element are obtained.


Abstract The U.S. Navy has declared humanitarian assistance and disaster response (HADR) operations as a core mission in support of the U.S. national security strategy. However little work has been done to illustrate which vessels are typically deployed for such operations or the costs of these deployments which, as contingencies, are not part of the regular defense budget. In this work we summarize some of the work that has been done in the area of cost analysis for U.S. Navy HADR operations and conclude with implications for policy makers.


Weak uterine contractions during cesarean section are the most common cause of Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) [1], accounting for 70-80% of cases, with a progressive increase [2-4], For weak uterine contractions in addition to the first use of uterine contraction agents, when they are ineffective, surgical treatment needs to be used as early as possible [5,6].


Sport coverage has become an expanding field for automated jourSports coverage has become an expanding field for automated journalism due to the peculiarities of the competitions. Sporting events have an important statistical base that fosters the use of structured datasets and helps media outlets schedule information routines because of the cyclic and repetitive nature of matches and tournaments, and consequently, of news coverage. This article is a case study of AnaFut, the first bot developed by the digital native El Confidencial. This is the first Spanish media outlet to use this technology for the automated writing of football match reports. This study comprises the content analysis of eighty texts published on the web, semi-structured interviews of journalists from El Confidencial, as well as a questionnaire carried out with a panel of five experts. Results show that the development and application of Artificial Intelligence in journalism, and particularly in the sports field, is still in the initial stages, and that news organizations from the most technologically advanced countries are leading the way in terms of innovation.


Rheumatoid arthritis affects the cervical spine in up to 88% of patients with seropositive disease. Neurologic sequelae result either from direct compression by a rheumatoid pannus or from spinal subluxations. Indications for and techniques of neurosurgical intervention are discussed.


Objectives: The objective of this study was to measure the shielding effect of leaded glasses, tanning glasses with 1/16" Pb shielding and tanning glasses with lead foil in combination with thyroid collar compared with no shielding equipment to the lens of the eye to evaluate the percentage of dose reduction. Methods: A CIRS female phantom head was used to measure the patient radiation dose to the organs of the head and neck from a Morita X800 CBCT using nano Dot optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters (OSL'S) placed at 23 head and neck sites. Leaded glasses, tanning glasses with 1/16" Pb shielding, tanning glasses with lead foil were placed over the phantoms eyes in conjunction with a thyroid collar. No Protective Equipment was used as a control. Radiation was performed using manufacturers predetermined exposure settings. All dosimeters were exposed three times. Radiation dose fractions to various organ sites were determined using reference values from ICRP-89. Organ equivalent doses were based on ICRP-103 tissue weighting factors. Results: The per cent reduction to the lens of the eye for the leaded glasses compared to no Protective Equipment


Paris 1901: unrequited love drove Carles Casagemas, a close friend of Pablo Picasso's youth, to commit suicide by shooting himself in the head. This tragic event was a major blow to Picasso, causing him to dwell upon the subject of death and express his "mourning" through his paintings. The "bullet hole" in his friend's temple symbolically displaced several areas of the young Picasso's life and became a "deep vacuum" and "melancholy", permeating various areas in Picasso's paintings, and marking the start of his famous blue period.


The purpose of this study was to compare the experiences and perceptions of United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Korean students in campus-based universities of online collaborative learning (OCL). 262 college students participated in online surveys. Their experiences in terms of frequency, assessment, barriers, support, and attitude for OCL in each country were examined. With Importance-Performance Analysis, the perceived importance of OCL activities was compared with actual frequency. Both countries' students experienced group projects and group presentations the most frequently, while online collaborative writing and online group exams were rarely used. As barriers to OCL, UAE students pointed out language, gender, and privacy as the major barriers while Korean students mentioned students' attitude and language. UAE students had more frequent experiences of and more positive attitudes toward OCL than did Korean students, although the two countries have similar cultural propensities.


Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are expected to revolutionise the methods of transportation. Research and innovation in this field is making huge leaps in the last few years, whether it considers vehicles used for private or public transport. Predicting the Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) is a very important attribute associated with Public Transport (PT). Especially with the rise of AVs' adoption, PT is expected to follow this trend. Therefore, ETA prediction is deemed to be a service that interests the majority of PT stakeholders. PT is a field that automation benefits both stakeholders and commuters, and this research aims to provide a benchmark considering AVs in PT. Within this work, Gradient Boosting (GB) techniques for ETA prediction were employed, namely eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Categorical Boosting (CatBoost) and Light Gradient Boosting Machines (LightGBM). This study proposes competitive ETA prediction methods in Autonomous Buses, while the results of this research are very encouraging and aim to contribute to the overall investigations in the field of autonomous and automated PT.


A new approach called Holder coefficient approach is proposed to extract features from radar emitter signals.The approach comes from the inequality of Holder type.The definition of Holder coefficient is given.The Holder coefficient feature extraction algorithm is described.The experiments show the good characteristics of the approach.It indicates that resemblance coefficient approach is just one case of Holder coefficient approach.Six typical radar emitter signals are chosen to be made the experiment of Holder feature extraction and classification recognition.The results of the experiment show that not only high accurate recognition rate can be achieved while Holder coefficient takes different types,which provides several useful choices for engineering,but also higher accurate recognition rate can be obtained when Holder coefficient takes the type not resemblance coefficient.


For pseudo-free and recurrent self-similar groups, we show that continuous orbit equivalence of inverse semigroup partial actions implies continuous orbit equivalence of group actions. Conversely, if group actions are continuous orbit equivalent, and the induced homeomorphism commutes with the shift maps on their groupoids, we obtain continuous orbit equivalence of inverse semigroup partial actions.


Heterosis, the superiority in one or more characteristics of crossbred organisms relative to their inbred parents, is the basis of the modern cultivars utilized in maize (Zed mays L.). Heterosis is of interest in nondomesticated species due to its relevance to the question "how much polymorphism is maintained in natural populations due to selection?" (Berger, 1976). For maize and certain other domesticated species that employ inbred lines to produce commercial hybrids, knowledge of the mechanisms of gene action producing heterosis could contribute to advances in breeding techniques. Disciplines Agricultural Science | Agronomy and Crop Sciences | Plant Breeding and Genetics Comments This proceeding was published as Labate, J. A., K. R. Lamkey, M. Lee, and W. L. Woodman. 1999. Population genetics of increased hybrid performance between two maize populations under reciprocal recurrent selection. p. 127-137. In: J.G. Coors and S. Pandey (ed.) Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Genetics and Exploitation of Heterosis in Crops, CIMMYT, Mexico City, Mexico, 17-22 Aug. 1997. Rights Works produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. This conference proceeding is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/agron_conf/64


Abstract Constitutional review of German tax laws has become a major area for the development of the jurisprudence of the German Federal Constitutional Court, constitutional doctrine, and theory. This Article takes a recent decision in which the German Federal Constitutional Court declared parts of the inheritance tax statute unconstitutional as an example to demonstrate why tax law in particular has become such an interesting field in constitutional jurisprudence. The case is also noteworthy for the court's new views on equal protection, its deference to parliamentary discretion, and the abolishment of the so-called consequentiality doctrine (Folgerichtigkeit) it had introduced ten years before.


The author proposes in this article an updated methodological framework for the assessment and comparison of various models of regional economic integration in terms of assessing their advantages, strengths, weaknesses and effects. Set of criteria has been developed for this purpose (type, form, methods, mechanism, factors, terms). The proposed methodological approach also creates a framework, which allows comparing the scale, depth and dynamics of different models


Studies comparing canine distemper virus (CDV) strains from Africa with that of previously described lineages have been hampered due to a lack of field strains forin vitro experiments. Since the attenuation of the Onderstepoort strain in the 1940s, there have not been any reports of CDV isolations in southern Africa. Clinical specimens consisting of whole blood, spleen, lungs, brain and cerebrospinal fluid from dogs with clinical signs compatible with distemper diagnosis were obtained from private veterinary practices and diagnostic laboratories. The animals all displayed various catarrhal, systemic, or nervous signs of the disease. One hundred and sixty two specimens from 124 dogs were inoculated into Vero cells expressing canine signalling lymphocyte activation molecule (Vero.DogSLAM). Cytopathic effects (CPE) in the form of syncytia formation and cell necrosis were observed in 33 (20.4%) specimens within 24 h of inoculation and the presence of CDV was confirmed with the aid of the direct fluorescent antibody test and electron microscopy (EM). Four of the CDV-positive dogs had a history of canine distemper vaccinations. Seventy three percent of all positive dogs were less than 12 months old. Local isolates of wild-type CDV were generated and we conclude that isolation of CDV using Vero.DogSLAM is a specific and practical method for the antemortem diagnosis of distemper in dogs.

 Key words: Isolation, CDV, dogs, South Africa, Vero.DogSLAM.


ABSTRACT This paper presents an update on some of the activities that have taken place since a World Bank report; "Guidelines for Education and Training in Environmental Information Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa: Some Key Issues" was published and provides details on the current situation. It shows how organizations such as the African Association on Remote Sensing of Environment, International Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, European Association of Remote Sensing Companies, Group on Earth Observation, and several others have helped to increase manpower resources in the region and strengthened institutional capacity in the field of geoinformatics, through capacity building, technology transfer, international cooperation and the provision of internal African resources. After reviewing what has happened in the field of geoinformatics education and training, we focused on current initiatives taken and challenges in five Sub-Saharan countries: Ethiopia, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. We reviewed GIS education and training in the private sector, government, information communications technology in higher education institutions, GIS application areas and challenges facing GIS education and training. Findings show that; change should involve education stakeholders in all levels of education and curriculum quality, regional and international cooperation through exchange programs, should be a priority for Sub-Saharan Africa countries.


The Seiberg-Witten family of elliptic curves defines a Jacobian rational elliptic surface $\Z$ over $\mathbb{C}\mathrm{P}^1$. We show that for the $\bar{\partial}$-operator along the fiber the logarithm of the regularized determinant $-1/2 \log \det' (\bar\partial^* \bar\partial)$ satisfies the anomaly equation of the one-loop topological string amplitude derived in Kodaira-Spencer theory. We also show that not only the determinant line bundle with the Quillen metric but also the $\bar{\partial}$-operator itself extends across the nodal fibers of $\mathrm{Z}$. The extension introduces current contributions to the curvature of the determinant line bundle at the points where the fibration develops nodal fibers. The global anomaly of the determinant line bundle then determines the signature of $\mathrm{Z}$ which equals minus the number of hypermultiplets.


The present invention rosoni Oh intra-cell vaccine lease and El. It relates to a method for protecting and diagnose for the intra-cell-less infection. The product and method of the present invention el European origin. Including both the method of preparing a lyophilized product containing the attenuated European isolates as novel isolates and vaccine product of the intra-cell-less, and in part will El. Of an improved method for culturing a large supply of intra-cell-less may be achieved as a result. Rosoni ah intra-cell-less, pig proliferative enteritis, suspension cultures


Due to the extensive adaptation of smartphones outdoor positioning by GPS has become an everyday commodity for many people. When it comes to indoor positioning things are different. Topology constraints in indoor environments are much more complex than those in outdoor environments. Many technologies and techniques have been used to solve this problem and as new technologies arrive these need to be evaluated. This papers aims to evaluate the Bluetooth Low Energy protocol, the way it works in indoor environments and explore the possibilities of improving the quality of the received signals so they can be used with smartphones. We conducted tests in a number of different indoor environments in order to identify the key attributes that affect the signals and suggest ways to improve them. Another technique is also used to improve indoor position, and is called GEO Location with the help of latitude and Longitude, it is still unclear if accurate indoor positioning can be achieved but further insights are shared and guidance for future implementation and research is given.


Dealloyed PtCu3/C catalysts have shown 3-4 times higher mass and specific activities for oxygen reduction over pure Pt/C catalysts. We reported here that the enhanced electrocatalytic oxygen reduction activity of PtCu3/C catalysts was stabilized using Au galvanic displacement of Cu in PtCu3/C. The results showed that mass activities decreased by 24 and 29%, and specific activities decreased by 6 and 26% for Pt/C and PtCu3/C catalysts, respectively, while PtCu3/C modified by Au can retain both mass and specific activities after 1000 potential cycles between 0.6 and 1.0V vs RHE. XRD patterns showed that additional peaks related to Au-rich phase appeared, while the peaks related to PtCu alloy phase didn't change much. Au atoms inhibited Pt oxidation and helped to keep favorable Pt-Pt distances created by dealloying, thus improving the stability of ORR activity on PtCu3/C catalysts.


On the characteristics of multi-source, heterogenous structure, mass data of WebGIS as well as the complexity of the system, the paper proposes the design model based on Web and multi-agent. Moreover, through analyzing the characteristics of each agent of the design model, the paper makes a further research on the communication problem of the agents. It also proposes the communication model and gives analysis and design to communication adapter


How do children become moral? This question has long been debated by parents, philosophers and, more recently, psychologists. It is not difi cult to understand why. Moral development involves searching questions about human nature, the role of society, the nature of parent–child relationships, and the inl uences that motivate people to care about others. Across the centuries, moral development has been portrayed as a process of civilizing seli sh natural impulses, liberating children's naturally positive tendencies, socializing values, rewarding compliance, and more recently, stimulating mature judgment and understanding. Because it is so important, fostering moral development enlists core beliefs about who we are and how we get along with each other. From developmental science, new ideas about the growth of morality have emerged (Thompson, 2012 ; Thompson, in press ). Traditionally viewed as the child's internalization of parental values, moral development is now seen as an interaction between parental guidance and the child's construction of moral understanding. Early childhood was traditionally viewed as a period of irrationality and egocentrism, but is now seen as a foundational period for the growth of moral sensibility. Developmental researchers are also adapting from traditional views a new appreciation of emotion as a motivator of moral conduct, and are integrating it with contemporary understanding of the importance of early relationships. Taken together, new theories of moral development are emerging to encompass these and other new ideas about the origins of moral behavior and understanding. Attachment theory has the potential of providing a new perspective on moral development. Attachment theory is conventionally viewed as a theory of parent–child relationships, and there is not a well-developed "attachment perspective" to moral development. Yet the views of attachment theory are congenial to these new directions in contemporary


The objective of the research is development of method of reversible occlusion of the left coronary artery at rats without usage of the medical ventilator. 30-minute ischemia of myocardium was carried out by means of ligature of the left coronary artery on Wistar male rats. Electrocardiogram was performed during experiment at animals. Myocardial infarction was caused as a result of bandaging. It was characterized by increase of amplitude of T deflection and decrease in amplitude of QRS complex. At ischemia / reperfusion the restoration of QRS amplitude was by the 2 nd days, and at irreversible occlusion only in a week.


Introduction: Rotavirus infection is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in children below 5 years of age. Rotavirus infection is estimated 29% of all diarrheal deaths in children below 5 years of age. It affects almost 95% of children under 5 years of age. Aims and Objectives: The study was used to detect prevalence of rotavirus infection in children below 5 years of age presenting with diarrhea and vomiting in a tertiary care hospital. The study was used to analyze the epidemiology of Rotavirus infection in local area. Materials and Methods: All children suffering from acute diarrhea admitted in pediatric ward were included in the study. Stool samples were tested for detection of Rotavirus antigen by ELISA method. Results: Total 60 stool sample were collected during study period of 2 months. 50 samples were collected from symptomatic patients and 10 samples were collected as control samples. Rotavirus antigen was detected from 6 stool samples. Conclusion: Rotavirus infection prevalence is 12% in our study which is low when compared to other studies. The factors attributing to this incidence are seasonal variation, socio-economic status and personal hygiene and sanitation practices. Limitations: As the study duration was 2 months (STSICMR Study), further more analysis is required with good sample strength in all seasons to know the epidemiological trends of rotavirus.


A kind of centralized and decentralized control system with PLC is introduced in this paper by contrast method. This system has many particulars as compared with remote I/O control system which is widely used now, such as strong in generality, flexible in configuration, high in reliability, econnomic in investment and so on.


Let (R, m) be a noetherian local ring with dim(R) = d ≥ 1 and depth(R) ≥ d − 1. Let I be an m-primary ideal of R. In this paper, we study the non-positivity of the Hilbert coefficients ei(I) under some conditions.


We classify smooth SO(n)‐equivariant principal bundles over Sn in terms of their isotropy representations over the north and south poles. This is an example of a general result classifying equivariant (Π, G)‐bundles over manifolds with cohomogeneity 1. 2000 Mathematical Subject Classification: 55R91.


Cognitive metaphor theory provides a systematic framework to better understand the working mechanism of metaphor. Its recent development further allows translation researchers tohavea clearer insight into themovement ofmetaphor across languages and culture. Building on an empirical study, this paper examines the complementary relationship between two prominent cognitive metaphor theories – Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) and Conceptual Blending Theory (CBT), and discusses the practical contribution that this relationship could make to the existing research onmetaphor translation. To construct a comparable basis for CMT and CBT, two parameters are adopted for data analysis, which is proven useful to serve the purpose. The two chosen parameters are: projection and provenance, denoting the content and the type of metaphor respectively. Metaphorical expressions analyzed in this paper are sourced from cosmology-themed articles published in Scientific American in 2017 and their Simplified Chinese translations published in Huanqiukexue. Findings show that delineated by the two parameters, CMT and CBT indeed share a complementary relationship owing to their different focuses and organizing mechanisms. Furthermore, the collaboration between CMT and CBT offers a wellrounded analytical framework for translation studies. In turn, the correlation between metaphor parameters and translation solutions provides detailed clues for studying metaphor across culture. Finally, the reflection of this dual-model parametric approach regarding its pros and cons is also shown to shed light on future research.


The electronic journal and full-text database are the most important parts of electronic resource,but the discrimination between them is ignored.This paper elaborates the difference of them.


This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the performance of machine learning techniques in predicting air‐bone gap after tympanoplasty compared with conventional scoring models and to identify the influential factors.


The short review of modern methods of enrichment of coals of various stages of a metamorphism is provided in this article. The analysis of merits and demerits of the equipment used at gravitational enrichment is carried out. The main tendencies of development of floatation enrichment of coals are studied. The review of floatation reagents now in use, and also the directions of search and synthesis of new floatation reagents is carried out.


ObjectiveWe investigated the correlation between fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake and glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1&agr; (HIF-1&agr;) expression in a rabbit lung VX2 tumor model. Materials and methodsTwenty-four VX2 tumor-bearing rabbits underwent 18F-FDG PET/computed tomography (CT) at 4, 5, 6, and 7 weeks after implantation. PET/CT images were obtained to monitor the tumor/normal tissue (T/N) ratio in each period. Six rabbits were randomly killed after PET/CT, and immunohistochemical staining was used to assess GLUT-1 and HIF-1&agr; expression. We investigated the correlations of 18F-FDG uptake with GLUT-1 and HIF-1&agr; expression and the pathological tumor (p-tumor) size as well as those of the lymph node metastasis (p-N) stage with the T/N ratio, p-tumor size, and GLUT-1 and HIF-1&agr; expression. ResultsThe T/N ratio increased gradually over time before subsequently decreasing. The T/N ratio was significantly influenced by time (F=54.63, P<0.05) and was significantly correlated with GLUT-1 (r=0.53, P<0.01) and HIF-1&agr; (r=0.44, P<0.01) expression and p-tumor size (r=0.58, P<0.05). A significant positive correlation between GLUT-1 expression and HIF-1&agr; expression was also identified (r=0.58, P<0.05). The p-N stage showed a significant association with the T/N ratio (P<0.05) but not with GLUT-1/HIF-1&agr; expression (P>0.05). Conclusion18F-FDG uptake is closely correlated with GLUT-1 and HIF-1&agr; expression, tumor size, and lymph node metastasis.


The performance of self-timed systems greatly depends on how effective the handshaking control circuits are. A new handshaking control circuit is introduced to reduce the circuit complexity and increase the speed over existing techniques. A FIFO register is given as a design example.


We introduce the exceptional field theory for the group E 7 ( 7 ) , based on a ( 4 + 56 ) -dimensional spacetime subject to a covariant section condition. The "internal" generalized diffeomorphisms of the coordinates in the fundamental representation of E 7 ( 7 ) are governed by a covariant "E-bracket," which is gauged by 56 vector fields. We construct the complete and unique set of field equations that is gauge invariant under generalized diffeomorphisms in the internal and external coordinates. Among them are featured the non-Abelian twisted self-duality equations for the 56 gauge vectors. We discuss the explicit solutions of the section condition describing the embedding of the full, untruncated 11-dimensional and type IIB supergravity, respectively. As a new feature compared to the previously constructed E 6 ( 6 ) formulation, some components among the 56 gauge vectors descend from the 11-dimensional dual graviton but nevertheless allow for a consistent coupling by virtue of a covariantly constrained compensating 2-form gauge field.