Mounting evidences have revealed that benzidine, a known human carcinogen, is a pivotal risk factor for bladder cancer (BC). Dysregulated cell proliferation serves as a pivotal pathophysiological step in BC development. The potential mechanisms of MAPK pathways, particularly extracellular regulated protein kinases 5 (ERK5), regarding the modulation of benzidine-elicited cell proliferation are still elusive. Herein, human BC cells UMUC-3 were exposed to indicated levels of benzidine for 5 days. Cell growth, cell cycle progression, cell cycle-related, MAPK genetic expression, and related protein contents were investigated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test, flow cytometry, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and western blotting (WB), respectively. XMD8-92 (a specific suppressor of ERK5) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) were utilized to identify the roles of ERK5. Our results illustrated that benzidine elevated the proliferative ability of UMUC3 cells and accelerated the cell cycle transition from G1 to S phase, and it increased the expressions of cyclin D1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and reduced the expression of p21. Meanwhile, benzidine treatment resulted in the activation of ERK5 pathway and activator protein 1 (AP-1) proteins. In addition, benzidine-elicited cell proliferation and ERK5 stimulation were fully inhibited by XMD8-92 and siRNAs specific to ERK5. Taken together, these results demonstrated that ERK5-mediated cell proliferation was tightly related to benzidine-assoicated BC development, which established the foundation for targeting the ERK5 pathway in BC treatment.


6 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 7 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 12 CHAPTER THREE: DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY 40 CHAPTER FOUR: ANALYSIS, FINDINGS, AND DISCUSSION 56 CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS 118 APPENDIX A: STUDENT DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEY RESULTS 129 APPENDIX B: INTERVIEW PROTOCOL FOR STUDENTS 130 APPENDIX C: INTERVIEW PROTOCOL FOR STAFF MEMBERS 132 APPENDIX D: STUDENT DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEY FORM 134 REFERENCES 135


The paper deals with a problem of convergence of solutions of parabolic stochastic ito equations. There are applied Hilbert space methods. There is given an application to an optimal control problem.


Purpose of reviewThe CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), which is a G-protein coupled receptor, and its ligand CXCL12 play an important role in neutrophil homeostasis and inflammation. This review focuses on involvement of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in inflammation and different inflammatory diseases and depicts that blocking CXCR4 is an attractive therapeutic strategy. Recent findingsBinding of CXCL12 to CXCR4 retains immature neutrophils in the bone marrow and also participates in leukocyte recruitment into inflamed tissue. The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is also involved in several inflammatory processes and diseases including the WHIM (warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections and myelokathexis) syndrome, HIV, autoimmune disorders, ischemic injury, and pulmonary fibrosis. SummaryBased on these findings, blocking CXCR4 seems to be a therapeutic strategy in inflammatory diseases. Several promising CXCR4 antagonists are in different stages of development and clinical trials. Currently, only plerixafor (AMD3100) has been approved for short-term application.


Objective To investigate the relationship between apolipoprotein E(ApoE) gene polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease(AD) in Mongolian population.Methods ApoE genotype and allelic genes frequency of 106 Mongolian AD patients and 100 Mongolian normal controls were detected by applying polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and gene sequencing technology,and the results were compared.Results The ratio of ApoE e4 genotype in AD group(31.1%) was significantly higher than that in normal control group(17.0%)(χ2=5.591,P=0.018;OR=2.207,95%CI:1.136~4.289).Frequency of ApoE gene e4 allele in AD group was significantly higher than that in normal control group(χ2=4.27,P=0.039;OR=1.841,95%CI:1.026~3.304).The difference of ApoE e2 and e3 allele between the two groups was not statistically significant.Conclusion Carrying e4 allele gene of the ApoE may be a genetic risk factor of AD to Mongols.


The "ZIP" adaptive trading algorithm has been demonstrated to outperform human traders in experimental studies of continuous double auction (CDA) markets. The original ZIP algorithm requires the values of eight control parameters to be set correctly. A new extension of the ZIP algorithm, called ZIP60, requires the values of 60 parameters to be set correctly. ZIP60 is shown here to produce significantly better results than the original ZIP (called "ZIP8" hereafter). A genetic algorithm (GA) is used to search the 60-dimensional ZIP60 parameter space, and it finds parameter vectors that yield ZIP60 traders with mean scores significantly better than those of ZIP8s. This paper shows that this optimizing evolutionary search works best when the GA itself controls the dimensionality of the search-space, so that the search commences in an 8-d space and thereafter the dimensionality of the search-space is gradually increased by the GA until it is exploring a 60-d space. Furthermore, the results from ZIP60 cast some doubt on prior ZIP8 results concerning the evolution of new 'hybrid' auction mechanisms that appeared to be better than the CDA.


AIM
To investigate the effect of MCI-154 on calcium sensitivity of myocardial contractile system in endotoxemic rats.

METHODS
Skinned right ventricular papillary muscles from endotoxemic rats were prepared by saponin 500 mg/L. Forces of the skinned muscles were recorded when they were activated sequentially by different concentrations of Ca2+ with or without cardiotonic agents. The tension-pCa relationship and pCa50 of the skinned fibers were taken as the index of Ca2+ sensitivity of myocardial contractile system.

RESULTS
The maximal Ca(2+)-activated tension (Tmax) was lower, and pCa50 was reduced in endotoxemia group as compared with those in sham control group. Milrinone 50 mumol/L could not counteract the above abnormalities. However, after MCI-154 10 mumol/L was added, the Tmax and pCa50 were increased to an extent similar to that of sham control group and significantly higher than those of endotoxemia group and endotoxemia + milrinone group. Furthermore, such effects of MCI-154 were concentration-dependent.

CONCLUSION
The Ca2+ sensitivity of cardiac contractile system in endotoxemic rats is decreased. MCI-154 can reverse the decreased sensitivity and increase Tmax of myocardial muscles from endotoxemic rats.


This paper consider the problem of harder inclusion localization in an elastic media. The imaging method is based on a single-shot ultrasound with a linear array. Discontinuous Galerkin method is used for direct problem modeling and obtaining wave propagation patterns in the media. Two different architectures of convolutional neural networks are used for the inverse problem. The paper provides the numerical results for the quality of the inclusion localization depending on the neural network architecture and the shape of the heterogeneity.


This study examined the error probability performance of polar codes across Fox's <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-fading (FHF) channels while taking into account in-phase and quadrature-phase imbalance (IQI), as well as residual hardware impairments (RHI). This fading model generalizes most of the commonly used fading and turbulence models where Málaga-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {M}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> turbulence is taken into account as a specific case of FHF in this paper. Specifically, an upper bound on block error probability (BLER) for the successive cancellation (SC) decoding method of polar codes is derived in terms of the Fox's <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-function. According to numerical results, by lengthening polar codes and changing the properties of fading channels, it is possible to decrease the impact of system impairments on the error probability performance.


At the present time, acoustic contamination is one of the largest ecological problems, which people face with in a big city. It is impossible to eliminate road traffic noise, thus regulation and limitation of environmental noise pollution are important and obligatory actions. Noise can negatively affect human health, vegetal and animal world. Its harm depends on intensity, frequency and duration. Under the current conditions noise control is technically complicated, complex and economically wildly expensive. The study of noise level was performed in the territories, boarded on main traffic arteries of Kharkiv without rail transport and with rail transport. The studies showed that the roads with rail transport are 7-14 dB louder than the roads without it. The average noise level on highways of the city ranged 80-94 dB, besides on some of the highways the average noise level did not reach the statutory level at 100 m from traffic roads. Such noise load level in the urban environment requires implementation of solutions, directed at its reduction. The impact of the noise barrier and green planting on noise emission is studied.


The aim of the study was to determine the effects of family dynamics and the practices of teachers, in relation to the frequency with which the mothers reported to participate in activities related to the education of the children. For this purpose, an evaluation was carried out in four public primary schools of a municipality in the Northwest of Mexico, serving a population of low level economic income. As part of the study, 170 mothers were selected by means of a nonprobabilistic sampling. By using simple linear regression it was found that family dynamics, and the practices of teachers to involve the parents in education, explain a significant part (R2 = .67) of mothers reporting participation in the education of the children. It was concluded that both variables exert a positive influence in the involvement of mothers in education.


There is a pluralistic landscape on the explanation of Marxist philosophy in our academic circles from the new stage. For examples, some scholars insisted on the material ontology, some on the practical ontology,and some hold that Marxist philosophy is humanism. Facing the pluralistic situation of Marxist philosophy explanation, philosophy theory workers will face a theory task that we should objectively explain Marxist philosophy. In my opinion, if we want to explain Marxist philosophy objectively, we need to change the perspective of explanation. On the basis of combining conception discrimination with text analysis, we can explain Marxist philosophy from the perspective of humanism. We think that Marxist philosophy is a science on the realistic man and their development.


A large radicular cyst that apparently caused root resorption was healed by conservative techniques in a patient who had been treated recently for a neo-plastic disease.


This research examines the use of music technology in today's violin music and performance. Music technology has provided the violinist opportunities to execute music in different ways. Robert Davidson's Message Ground: Violin Duo or Solo Violin with Digital Delay or CD is a selected example of this research. This research investigates the relationship between violin playing, technology application and audio engineer. It discusses techniques of violin playing and the process of making a recording. These challenges provide excellent exercises grounding in the fundamental basis of the violin playing and utilising the music technology into the performance preparation.


a top-down learning innovation and improvement agenda (to support youthcentered, interest-driven learning pathways) with the needs and interests of a local community-based creative arts and technology organization. To negotiate alignment of stakeholder priorities and values, draw on theoretical learning sciences research to inform practice, and to guide us toward productive innovation, we turned to a participatory, design-centered process to enact theory and creatively synthesize multiple perspectives for action. Our claim is that design-led modes of inquiry are especially needed to respond to ambitious visions of educational transformation and funding directives, which leave much unresolved detail to be determined and realized by local practitioners, leaders, and learners. Our case study provides one example of this kind of design-led learning innovation that builds on and extends our understanding of interest development, and describes its local application in a series of design probes to support forming and deepening interest-driven learning pathways for youth. A growing body of empirical research takes ecological perspective to account for the dynamic nature of learning that evolves across the multiple and diverse settings in which youth spend their time (Brofenbrenner 1979; Barron 2006; Banks et al. 2007; Bricker & Bell 2014). A related line of learning research emphasizes the critical enabling roles adult and peer relationships play in supporting youth learning and interest development (Barron et al. 2009; Weiss & Lopez 2015). Interest formation itself is highly contextual and deepens through socially supported "lines of practice" that span contexts and enable identity formation in culturally valued life activities (Hidi & Renninger 2006; Azevedo 2011; Järvelä & Renninger 2014). Rather than examining learning in episodic encounters in 8


PURPOSE: To obtain a composition to be used as fabric softener, a hair treating compound and a disinfectant by self reaction by mixing a tertiary amine, a fatty acid, and a quaternary agent without using a flammable solvent. CONSTITUTION: A solid mixture comprising a quaternary ammonium salt of formula IV or formula V (R is H), fatty acid ester of formula VI and a tertiary amine salt or the like is produced in a single-step reaction without any solvent by mixing a tertiary amine (example: 2 hydrogenated cattle fat methylamine or the like) of formula I [each of R-R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon up to 22C; a hydroxy lower alkyle; alkylamidealkylene of formula III (R is a lower alkylene; R is above described either of R-R ), a lower alcoxyne a polyoxyalkylene] or amine of imidazolene or the like of formula III (R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon up to 22C; R is a lower alkylene), quaternary compound of methyl sulfate or the like and a 12-22C aliphatic (example: coconut oil, animal and vegetable fat or the like). This quaternary salt can be used widely as an antistatic agent, in a modified clay and as a disinfectant.


IN 1899 Dr. E. G. Acheson discovered that if he overheated silicon carbide, the silicon was volatilized out and pure carbon or graphite remained. Later tests showed that graphite could be manufactured by heating petroleum coke to a high temperature [2,600 C (degrees centigrade)].


Product design is successful or not, not only from the aspects of design concepts, ideas, manufacturability, cost and benefit considerations, the most important depends on the customer satisfaction after products is throw on the market. Many products only from the point of view of design are impeccable, but the user feedback is not good, in order to meet the demands of the market need, you need to constantly improve and innovate. For a certain brand rearview mirror product user feedback, the design of crank connecting part curvature has been modified using reverse technology.


Background: It is needful to design a process that will lead to the use of fast growing tropical plants for phytoextraction studies. Study Design: It is an analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted between October 2010 and June 2012 on selected dumpsites located in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Methodology: Bulk soil samples were collected from selected dumpsites on seven points at interval of 10 m, starting from top of the slope. Physicochemical and heavy metals content of soil were determined on bulk and fractional soil samples, using sequential extraction technique. The heavy metals were analyzed using atomic adsorption spectrophotometer, prior to plants' cultivation. Heavy metal concentration of plant with and without 1g/kg EDTA was determined in different sections of plant by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer, in other to determine Original Research Article Awokunmi; BJAST, 5(4): 353-370, 2015; Article no.BJAST.2015.033 354 their phytoextraction potentials. Results: The result revealed the mean value of pH (6.02±0.11-6.31±0.12), organic matter content (3.00±0.08-7.00±0.13%) and the CEC (59.20-62.40 mmol/kg) to be highest at Aba Egbira dumpsite. The result of sequential extraction revealed that heavy metal were distributed in fraction soil samples in the order 75>150>350>495>1000 μm, showing the effect of particulate site on the availability of heavy metals. Application of EDTA increased mobility of heavy metals from soil to shoot of plants with concentration of Cd in J. curcas, J. gossypifolia and J. multifida in the following range; (372.0-440.1; experiment, 150.2-186.6; control), (377.5-418.2; experiment, 142.2202.4; control) and (455.0-530.6; experiment, 245.0-259.2; control) while Cu and Pb ranged from (921.0-118.0; experiment, 405.0-821.0; control), (818.0-962.0; experiment, 442.0-650.0; control) and (1079.0-1138.0; experiment, 644.0-686.0; control) and Pb (384.4-426.2; experiment, 242.2283.0; control), (328.0-376.0; experiment, 159.0-186.2; control) and (417.0-436.0; experiment, 330.0-370.7; control) mg/kg respectively, in all dumpsites investigated. Bioaccumulation factor (BF), translocation factor (TF) and remediation ratio (RR) greater than one showed that they are effective in chelant-assisted phytoextraction. Conclusion: Therefore, the use the species of Jatopha are advocated for phytoextraction Cd, Pb


Income inequality is a current socio-economic problem both in the Republic of Moldova and in several countries. The implementation of tools to mitigate inequalities is a condition for ensuring the national security of the Republic of Moldova and sustainable development throughout the world. Fiscal policy plays an important role in redistributing income in the economy and thereby mitigating the rise in income inequality. The relatively low redistributive effect of direct taxes and social transfers implies changes in the budget-fiscal policy in the Republic of Moldova. Therefore, some budgetary-fiscal policy measures are proposed in order to mitigate income inequality in the Republic of Moldova.


In this research, we study an announcement effect of Facebook Inc.'s rebranding to Meta Platform Inc. in October 2021, as a flagship event that sheds spotlight to the metaverse business, on 50 metaverse-related cryptographic tokens. Using Google's CausalImpact package in R with historical daily returns within -30,7 windows, the model expects a 11.80% counterfactual CAR but the actual CAR is 69.20%, indicating a 57.40% absolute effect of this announcement on aggregate metaverse tokens at 99% significant level.
We also further regress five factors, namely game-fi, marketplace, holders, illiquidity, and VC factor on the post-announcement CAR. However, the result is sparse. Only the constant and marketplace factor shows a positive and negative, respectively, impact at 90% level.
Our study makes two contributions; Firstly, the result indicates that metaverse tokens positively respond to the announcement in aggregate. Secondly, the abnormal returns of these tokens are mainly driven by the uniqueness of each token and the marketplace function is harmful to the abnormal returns.


IN THE last decade, there has been remarkable development in use of species distribution models (SDMs), the approaches based on correlation between known occurrences of species and features of the ecological and environmental landscape. The aim of such models is to reconstruct empirically derived 'environmental profile' which can be used to estimate the ecological space of species or predict geographical distribution of species (Peterson, 2006). These models are not only just to understand the ecological requirements of species, but also to understand species prediction of known populations, identify potential sites for reintroductions and planning for conservation area (Guisan and Zimmermann, 2000; Peterson, 2006). Most species distribution modeling methods are sensitive to sample size (Wisz et al., 2008) and may not accurately predict habitat distribution patterns for threatened and endangered species. Among such models, Maxent (maximum entropy algorithm modeling programme), is a machine-learning algorithm based on principles of maximum entropy (Jaynes, 1957), and has been widely used in recent studies (Elith et al., 2006; Merow et al., 2013; Philips et al., 2006).


The microcosmic chemical weathering process to sandstone on the cliff wall of Longhushan mountain,a Danxia landform,in Jiangxi province is studied by means of petrographic microscope and EPMA etc in the paper.And in order to explore the mechanism of microcosmic chemical weathering to sandstone of Danxia landform,the study focuses on the change of mineral compositions such as vermiculite of biotite and argillation of feldspar.Calcites in weakly weathered layer cement decomposed and are washed away quickly under microcosmic chemical weathering condition,which resulted in mass vermiculite of biltite and is characterized by enrichment of ferriferous oxide in margin of minerals grains;in strong-weathered layers,mass argillation of feldspar are marked by enrichments of minerals such as kaolinite and quartz.The study indicates that as for sandstone of Danxia landform,both decomposition of old minerals and formation of new minerals destruct the mechanical equilibrium of original rocks,thus the weathering appeared as scar exfoliate and gravitational landfall,judging by this,lager scale of weathering may have close relationship with microcosmic chemical weathering of minerals in rocks and is the macroscopic comprehensive representation of microcosmic chemical weathering after long-term cumulation.


We propose a simple method for constructing an asymptotic of an eigenvalue for the Klein—Gordon equation in the presence of a shallow potential well, reducing the initial problem to an integral equation and then by applying the method of Neumann series to solve it.


This design document is the first concrete step in developing a national resource for Bioforensics, the ''Bioforensics Information Encyclopedia''. This resource will contain a semantically consistent representation of all the information relevant to the nation's bio-defense efforts. The availability of such a resource will provide analysts and scientists with efficient, timely access to the information needed to accomplish such tasks as locating relevant experts, determining an optimal order of appropriate forensic tests, and comparing the ''signature'' of the current attack to previous ones. Much of the information required for this repository is scattered across multiple institutions in differing formats and is either currently being generated or is proposed as part of new research efforts. Without effective integration and curation, the data is of limited availability and use. This resource would be utilized by several government agencies to prepare for, investigate, analyze, and respond to bio-terrorist events. In particular, NBACC requires a highly advanced knowledge base of this nature to perform its unique role for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Under our current execution plan, an implementation of the design provided in this document will be demonstrated in a limited functionality prototype that can be deployed at NBACC-West (LLNL). Thismore » prototype will provide analysts with access to semantically consistent data from multiple data sources through a single, web-based interface. This interface will support a limited number of queries against an underlying data warehouse. The prototype data warehouse will include information from at least three of the scientific domains relevant to Bioforensics (e.g. genomics, pathogen signature, disease symptoms, chemical/toxicity). While the purpose of this document is to provide a design for the entire infrastructure, we identify those aspects of the infrastructure that will not be included in the initial prototype in Section 0. This document is considered to be a living document. As a result, we expect to incorporate changes in the infrastructure design as we learn from our initial prototypes, explore additional collaborative opportunities, and interact with our target customers. We also expect to extend this document with the inclusion of appendices focusing on the detailed design and implementation strategies in the coming year.« less


The author examines the Internet as a key element of the political communication system. He explored new trends and distinctive characteristics of this new form of ruling power: interactivity, hypertextuality, multimedia, packet communication, synchronization.


The present invention relates to a robot (1) for renovating and / or inspection of a pipe, in particular a pressure pipe. The robot is of the double foot travel tripod whose caterpillars moving, preferably each motor, provide a self-carriage and a reliable and precise movement even in pipes with very steep or vertical and is provided with a displacement of anti-spin system. The invention also relates to the removal process of the associated robot.


We present a high-index optimization-based shrinking dimer (HiOSD) method to compute index-$k$ saddle points as a generalization of the optimization-based shrinking dimer method for index-1 saddle ...


Literature is replete with studies in knowledge management, culture and hospitality. In the case of hospitality, it is because of its ability go grow income whether in developed or developing economies. Developing economies can rely greatly on such income especially when it comes from foreign visitors. Nonetheless, apparently existing studies in developing economies do not combine the three areas; thus, the motivation of this study to examine the effects of culture on KM adoption in the Nigerian hospitality industry. Individuality and collectivism as well as career success and quality of life are considered as two ends of a continuum by Hofstede but this study found them, but this study found them as individual factors that could contribute to KM adoption. Hofstede's culture dimensions was used along with some variables of technology acceptance model (TAM) to develop a theoretical model which was operationalised into a 45-item questionnaire that was completed by 195 respondents out of the 400 to whom it was distributed in Nigeria. The analysis indicated as significant collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, career success, quality of life, shortand long-term orientation. Conversely, power distance and individualism were not significant. These findings are unique because apparently no earlier research has attempted to examine the culture effect on knowledge management adoption in the hospitality industry of Nigeria. This article presents the findings implication and areas for further research.


Abstract Many recommender systems frequently make suggestions for group consumable items to the individual users. There has been much work done in group recommender systems (GRSs) with full ranking, but partial ranking (PR) where items are partially ranked still remains a challenge. The ultimate objective of this work is to propose rank aggregation technique for effectively handling the PR problem. Additionally, in real applications, most of the studies have focused on PR without ties (PRWOT). However, the rankings may have ties where some items are placed in the same position, but where some items are partially ranked to be aggregated may not be permutations. In this work, in order to handle problem of PR in GRS for PRWOT and PR with ties (PRWT), we propose a novel approach to GRS based on genetic algorithm (GA) where for PRWOT Spearman foot rule distance and for PRWT Kendall tau distance with bucket order are used as fitness functions. Experimental results are presented that clearly demonstrate that our proposed GRS based on GA for PRWOT (GRS-GA-PRWOT) and PRWT (GRS-GA-PRWT) outperforms well-known baseline GRS techniques.


A well functioning vascular access ( VA) is vital for hemodialysis (HD) patients. To date a native arteriovenous fistula ( NAVF) remains the gold standard but patients vascular characteristics are often not optimal for vascular surgery. A tunneled central venous catheter (tCVC) are becoming increasingly used as permanent dialysis access and are also competitive to NAVF for the easy and safe insertion tecnique. Our retrospective study observe, during a 10 years period, infection rate of tCVC, bacteriologic analysis and cause of removal.

 From January 2010 to December 2019, 176 tCVC were placed in 158 patients ( mean age 74 +/- 18) . All tCVC were inserted by nephrologist in internal giugular vein (IGV), subclavian vein (SV) and femoral vein (FV) using ultasonographic guide. Standards protocols, according to European Renal Best Practice (2010) detailing all aspects of preventive care were used. Each tCVC was followed until it was removed or until the end of the study. 62110 days was the follow up period. 143 tCVC wew placed in IGV ( 81,5%), 22 in FV ( 11,5 %) and 11 in SV (7%). The diagnosis of infection was based on clinical evidence and positive blood culture or positive exit site swab, with no sign of other infection site. We considered a tCVC disfunction in case of blood flow less than 250 ml/m'. Event rates were calculated per 1000 catheters days.

 Mean tCVC duration was 353 days. We observed a progressive increment in CVC prevalence during the observational period ( from 15% in 2010 to 39% in 2019). Catheter replacement recurred in 19 patients and the main cause of replacement was loss of patency ( 0,3 per 1000 catheter days). We observed 63 catheter related bloodstream infection (CRBI) and 71 exit site/tunnel infection (ESI/TI). Incidence for CRBI was 1 per 1000 catheter days and ESI/TI was 1,14 per 1000 catheter days. In CRBI the most common organism isolated were MRSA (40%) and MSSA (26%) . In ESI/TI the most common organism isolated was Staphilococcus epidermidis (39.5%) . We used systemic antibiotics, local therapy and lock therapy with a 93% resolution without removal. 12 tCVC were removed for recurrent CRBI ( 0,19 per 1000 catheter days).
 At the end of the observation 25 tCVC were still in use.

 Our data showed an high survival rate of tCVC in hemodialysis patients. We observed CRBI and ESI/TI rates at the lower limits of the data reported in the literature. Infections were successfully treated conservately in most cases. Careful nursing protocol may reduced the frequency of infection and an early diagnosis can facilitate the rescue of the tCVC with systemic/lock therapy or local therapy. We consider in an elderly population with many comorbidities the use on tCVC recommended especially in patients with poor native peripheral vessels, in patients with steal syndrome high risk and also with a low life expectancy.


The demand for adaptive and smart power distributing is becoming very popular in the commercial power line such as a smart grid. The information from the load condition is very important for the distributing. To obtain such information from the multiple-load, the digital control for switching mode power supply (SMPS) is effective. Usually, the digital controller is consisted of DSPs or microprocessors performing with software. But, such as for point of load (POL), adapting digital controller isn't still popular because of its cost or response characteristics even if the controllers are constructed by FPGA or custom LSI which is hardware-logic base. This paper will discuss about the proposed hardware logic type digital controller for POL, which is very simple and unique design. And, accuracy improved output voltage detection method for the proposed digital controller is proposed. The some experiments are done. And the results show the validity of the proposed circuits.


The aim of this paper is to integrate a hybrid PV plant as an alternative power supply of many DC and AC control devices included in the building management system. Energy efficiency is also improved. Solar energy is converted into electricity using solar modules mounted on the building roof.


The visual system of auditory-deprived children deserves special attention since its development and functioning occur without the usual support of the auditory system which stimulates eye movements in response to sound producing objects, helps in their localisation, etc. Moreover, normally, the contributions of the visual and auditory systems to learning at school are comparable but, in the cases of complete or partial deafness, the visual system is the only or the main channel responsible for acquisition and processing of information. In a pilot study, we have found that such specific conditions of visual performance could affect some visual capabilities and indices of functioning, in particular, the critical flicker frequency (CFF). CFF was measured in 63 auditory-deprived children (aged 6 – 9 years) from special kindergartens and schools and in 92 children of the same ages from ordinary schools. The light source was a red-light-emitting diode in a dark plastic cone. Since it is known that CFF depends on the state of fatigue and other conditions, the measurements were performed at several different times of the day in each subject: in the morning before lessons, in the midday after lessons, and during the 2nd or the 3rd lesson before and after a special visual exercise lasting 15 – 20 min. It was found that auditory-deprived children differed from the control group by much larger influence of school work on CFF (p<0.001): in the control group, the average CFF after lessons was 17% lower than before lessons whereas in the test group, the corresponding lowering was equal to 34%, ie was twice as great. Other differences were less evident or insignificant.


This publication consists of a brief essay On the scientific analysis of organizational interaction and structures and a bibliography of relevant publications. The author discusses the application of mathematical ordering and analysis to the study of organizations and examines the relationship between organizational structure and interpersonal Communication. Bibliographic citations are listed alphabetically by author's name. (JG) Council of Planning Librarians EXCHANGE BIBLIOGRAPHY


From abstract: The fuel element assembly was successfully irradiated in the SRE to a maximum burnup of 5300 Mwd/MTU, at a peak fission rate of approximately 1.5 x 10E13 fissions/cm3-sec and a maximum central temperature near 1200F.


Abstract We study the periods of Morgan-Voyce sequences modulo an integer m and the periods of Morgan-Voyce sequences over elliptic curves.


The ground-state `phase' diagrams and some low-energy properties of isotropic antiferromagnetic spin- and spin-1 chains with a next-nearest-neighbour exchange and an alternation of the nearest-neighbour exchanges have been compared for the first time using the density matrix renormalization group method. In the spin- chain, the system is gapless for and , and is gapped everywhere else in the plane. At , for small , the gap increases as , where is a disorder line. To the left of this line, the structure factor S(q) peaks at (the Néel `phase'), while to the right, decreases from to (the spiral `phase') as increases. We also discover a ` phase' for large values of both and . In the spin-1 case, we find a line running from a gapless point at up to a `gapless' point at such that the open-chain ground state is fourfold degenerate below the line and is unique above it. There is a disorder line in this case also and it has the same equation as in the spin- case, but the line ends at about . Similarly to the spin- case, to the left of this line, the peak in the structure factor is at (the Néel `phase'), while to the right of the line, it is at less than (the spiral `phase'). For , the system corresponds to a spin ladder and the system is gapped for all values of the interchain coupling for both spin- and spin-1 ladders.


Objective: To study the differential secretion and expression between two kinds of Gelatinases in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2Z. Methods: Immunocyto- chemistry was used to detect the expression of Gelatinase A and Gelatinase B of CNE-2Z, Gelatin Zymography was adopted to study the secretion of them. Results: The intense positive expression of Gelatinase B was stronger than Gelatinase A of CNE-2Z, and the secretion or gelatinase activity of Gelatinase B was also stronger than Gelatinase A. Conclusion: Gelatinase B may play more important role in the progress of nasopharyngeal carcinoma than Gelatinase A, it maybe become a potential therapeutic target of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.


Of the conformal antennas, cylindrical arrays are regarded as those which should have the greatest practical meaning in the foreseeable future. The expected gains from their use are such that great effort is being put into enhancing their performance and ensuring their broadband operation. The expected and significant benefits provided by cylindrical antennas to wireless communications are denser subscriber locations, lowered costs for base station sites and greater spectrum utilization. In radar applications, cylindrical arrays are expected to provide omnidirectional coverage at moderate costs, and with rapid switching and data refreshment rates. We describe part of our research which focused on techniques for generating multiple beams with cylindrical arrays, and on creating relevant beamforming networks capable of operating over a wide band.


The purpose of this case reports are to report two dentigerous cysts and spontenous eruption of teeth after marsupyalization on a 9 and 12 years old boys. The children were referred to Cumhuriyet University Department of Pediatric Dentistry with the complaint of a swelling on the jaws. After intra oral and radiographical examination, dentigerous cysts were diagnosed. In cases of this type of dental cysts it is possible to achieve spontaneus eruption of the involved permanent teeth into the dental arch even if they are badly dislocated. Simultaneous with eruption of the permanent teeth, ossification of bone defect can take place. In these case reports after 25 months of follow up spontaenous eruptions of permanent teeth were noticed.


The essays in this themed issue of the journal were originally given as papers at workshops of the Arts and Humanities Research Council-funded research network, The Book and the Sword: The Bible in the Experience and Legacy of the Great War held in St John's College, Cambridge. The editors express their gratitude to the AHRC for their funding.


Full-duplex (FD) systems have been introduced to provide high data rates for beyond fifth-generation wireless networks through simultaneous transmission of information over the same frequency resources. However, the operation of FD systems is practically limited by self-interference (SI), and efficient SI cancelers are sought to make the FD systems realizable. Typically, polynomial-based cancelers are employed to mitigate the SI; nevertheless, they suffer from high complexity. This article proposes two novel hybrid-layers neural network (NN) architectures to cancel the SI with low complexity. The first architecture is referred to as hybrid-convolutional recurrent NN (HCRNN), whereas the second is termed as hybrid-convolutional recurrent dense NN (HCRDNN).In the HCRNN, a convolutional layer is employed to extract the input data features using a reduced network scale. Moreover, a recurrent layer is then applied to assist in learning the temporal behavior of the input signal from the localized feature map of the convolutional layer. In the HCRDNN, an additional dense layer is exploited to add another degree of freedom for adapting the NN settings in order to achieve the best compromise between the cancellation performance and computational complexity. The complexity analysis of the proposed NN architectures is provided, and the optimum settings for their training are selected. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed HCRNN and HCRDNN-based cancelers attain the same cancellation of the polynomial and the state-of-the-art NN-based cancelers with an astounding computational complexity reduction. Furthermore, the proposed cancelers show high design flexibility for hardware implementation, depending on the system demands.


Time domain measurements are conducted for ultra-wideband (UWB) signals in a reverberation chamber (RC) and in a typical indoor environment for a single input multiple output (SIMO) time reversal (TR) system. Channel estimation is carried out using an Arbitrary Waveform Generator (AWG) and a high speed Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO) for all transmitter receiver links. The measured channel impulse responses (CIR) of all the links are added and re-transmitted from the transmitting antenna. Upon reaching the receiving antennas, the received signals are added to form the eventual received signal. Different TR characteristics i.e. TR peak performance, TR focusing gain, average power increase, signal to side lobe ratio (SSR) and RMS delay spread are analyzed and compared to that of a single input single output (SISO) TR system.


ABSTRACT This article aims to access the image of Mexico produced by the German press over fifteen years, starting at the dawn of the new millennium, when the PRI's dominance came to an end. We considered the two leading German newspapers, the Süddeutsche Zeitung and the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, apart from the alternative tageszeitung and the weekly Der Spiegel. The study is founded on 2569 articles, from which 458 were included in the quantitative content analysis using a stratified sample. Besides, qualitative interviews with German correspondents complemented the findings. At first glance, the foreign reporting about Mexico seems balanced. Unlike other foreign reporting analyses, its coverage does not concentrate solely on political issues (33%). A considerable amount of economic (15.5%) and cultural (23%) topics leads to a balanced image (60%), even though the reporting was tailored to a German domestic audience. Finally, observing the reporting development, one notices an increase of 33 pp of the coverage on 'crime & delinquency' – a negative impact of Calderon's war on drugs. At the same time, political coverage decreased by 21.5pp. The paper analyses the Mexican image in Germany for the first time and contributes to the update of a vast literature on foreign reporting.


Collectively and severally, the essays gathered together in this book explore the roles of the men and women who administered the British Empire in Australasia and India. The essays had their genesis in an interdisciplinary conference held at Osmania University, Hyderabad, in 2007, which was jointly convened by the University of Tasmania's Centre for Colonialism and Its Aftermath and School of English, Journalism, and European Languages, and the Department of English at Osmania University. "Administering," as the essays in this volume amply reveal, involves many forms of activity – managing and organising; financing and accounting; monitoring and measuring; ordering and supplying; writing and implementing policy – across diverse domains of practice (the Civil Service, schools and universities, missions, domestic realms, justice systems, and so on). Administrative arrangements, as the various essays show, involve complex cross-cultural relationships in colonial spaces, often through radically unequal and racially based power relations. In the two parts of this book the authors, from India, Australia, New Zealand, and Britain, look at the way colonial administrations in Australia, New Zealand, Pitcairn Island, and India – and with inevitable reference back to Britain and other parts of the British Empire – call into being the spaces under their control, and how they do so through the accumulation and management of information and knowledge.


Our laboratory has reported that DMBA, a carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, administered during pregnancy significantly depressed neonatal cerebrum growth and synthesis which was manifested by a retarded learning ability on day 32 post-partum. In order to determine the effects of DMBA on spontaneous movements during pregnancy and lactation, female CF-1C mice (23-25 g; 10 animals/group) were subcutaneously injected with 250 ..mu..g DMBA in 0.1 ml sesame oil on alternate days starting with day 8 of pregnancy to day 7 post-partum (i.e., day 27). On day 9 of pregnancy and on alternate days each female's cage, with pups removed, was individually placed on the stage of a Stoelting Electronic Activity Monitor for ten minutes and spontaneous movements per minute (mv/min) recorded. No significant differences were observed between control (64.1 +/- 7.3 mv/min) and DMBA (52.4 +/- 6.8 mv/min) groups during pregnancy. After parturition the spontaneous movements of the control mice significantly increased averaging 86.4 +/- 13.3 mv/min for days 1 to 7 post-partum, whereas, the DMBA group value decreased significantly averaging 41.8 +/- 3.7 mv/min during this time. Our data suggests that the effects of DMBA were manifested during lactation where it significantly depressed the lactating mother's nervous system and subsequentmore » behavioral activity.« less


This study focuses on inventory strategies of Internet retailers (etailers). The etailer faces options of holding her own inventory or outsourcing through the third party(ies). We assess etailer inventory strategies through mathematical modeling and numerical experiments. When ordering and holding her own stock, the etailer has full control of the order fulfillment process but bears the inventory-related risk. When outsourcing stock, etailer's orders may not get an equal priority as for those of the third party's own. Built upon simple operations research models, the numerical experiments suggest that the etailer is better off relying on others to fulfill orders if her demand (profit margin) is low, but should revert to the strategy of maintaining her own inventory if her sales volume (profit margin) is relatively high. Other factors are also investigated. These findings seem to confirm what are being practiced in the industry.


A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is characterized by multi-hop wireless links in the absence of any cellular infrastructure as well as by frequent host mobility. This paper proposes a SMPQ: Spiral-Multi-Path QoS routing protocol in a MANET, while the MAC sub-layer adopts the CDMA-overTDMA channel model. This work investigates the bandwidth reservation problem of on-demand QoS routing in a wireless mobile ad-hoc network. The proposed approach increases the ability of a route to identify a robust path, namely a spiral-multi-path, from source host to destination host, in a MANET to satisfy certain bandwidth requirements. Two important contributions of the proposed spiral-multi-path are: (1) the spiral-multi-path strengthens route-robustness and route-stability properties and (2) the spiral-multi-path increases the success rate of finding the QoS route. Performance analysis results demonstrate that our SMPQ protocol outperforms other protocols. key words: CDMA-over-TDMA, mobile ad hoc network (MANET), mobile computing, quality-of-service (QoS) routing, multi-path, wireless network


Traditionally, the main function of the body of constitutional jurisdiction is the function of constitutional control, but the human rights function, although not a classic one, is equally important.
The human rights protection function of the body of constitutional jurisdiction in practice is expressed in ensuring the possibility of turning to such a body of a natural or legal person whose rights have been violated, as is usually the case in the case of using all possible means of protection.
In this article, the experience of applying the human rights function by the bodies of constitutional jurisdiction is considered on the example of the activities of the constitutional courts of the countries of Central Europe and at the same time of the countries of the European Union - Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. This experience is valuable for Ukraine, since the constitutional crisis recently affected the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, as well as in view of the active European integration processes in Ukraine and the need for its post-war reconstruction, which is not possible without the coordinated functioning of all state authorities.
 The article examines the experience of reforming the body of constitutional jurisdiction, the legislator's view on the powers of such a body, and vivid examples from human rights practice. A conclusion was made about the formation of transnational constitutionalism by such states, similar to the principles of the European Union, the application of unified, developed principles of proportionality when assessing the balance in the conflict of two or more fundamental human rights.


Extensive progress has been made in using CFD tool in the simulation of multiphase flows in some gravity concentrators. Several case studies for calculation of multiphase flows by different numerical models in spiral, dense medium cyclone, water only cyclones, hindered-settling bed separator, heavy medium vessel and jig are reviewed. The Euler-Lagrange approach in calculation of the particle movement and particle-liquid coupling effect are also discussed. The limitation of Euler-Euler models in the treatment of the particles with a size distribution, and disadvantages of discrete element method (DEM) in description of the jigging processes will be presented. The successful two-dimensional simulation of the hindered-settling bed separator, heavy medium vessel and jig by Euler-Lagrange approach is also addressed.


Page 6 Executive Summary Page 6 Problem Statement Page 7 Significance Page 9 Objectives Page 9 Methods Page 10 German Methods Page 10 Literature Review Page 10 Site Visits Page 11 Survey Page 11 U.S. Methods Page 12 Literature Review Page 12 Case Studies Page 13 Overview of Natural Gas and Biogas Production Page 14 Traditional Natural Gas and Hydraulic Fracturing Page 14 Overview of Biomass Energy Production Page 17 Solid Biomass Page 17 Biofuels Page 19 Biogas Page 22


Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) can develop in patients with cirrhosis both at the compensated and decompensated stages of liver disease (Fig. 1). The clinical symptoms of ACLF include acute liver decompensation, organ failure (or multiorgan failure), and increased shortterm mortality. The triggers for ACLF could be different events including infections, gastrointestinal bleeding, alcohol binge, large-volume paracentesis, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, and surgery, although the precipitating factor cannot be identified in some cases of ACLF. Most studies found infection as the most frequent cause of ACLF. The CANONIC study reported bacterial infection in 32.6% of 303 cases, whereas Shi et al. found 27.9% of 404 cases of ACLS linked to bacterial infection. In the latter study from Asia, hepatitis B virus exacerbation caused ACLD in 35.8% of reported ACLS cases.


Magnetic induction has been known to be a particularly difficult concept in introductory physics. In this project, we build upon our previous research on probing the difficulties students have with magnetic flux in regards to Lenz's Law and Faraday's Law. This presentation will explore student responses when the format of the instrument was reversed, so that students had to use a flux vs. time graph to infer details of the physical situation. Although the newer version of the survey identifies other difficulties students have, the student responses suggest the value of this reverse process in both probing student thinking and in instruction on magnetic flux.


The present invention discloses a method of operating a fuel cell system (100), said fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack (110) and a closed loop water cooling circuit for the cooling water is directly injected into the battery pack (110), the said method comprising the steps of: measuring the operating parameters of the fuel cell system over a certain period of time (100); the total amount generated in the time period during operation of the fuel cell stack (110) in water in an amount of water was added to the closed loop cooling circuit; and removed from the closed loop cooling circuit of said quantity of water, the amount produced in the time period during operation of the fuel cell stack (110) as operating parameters of the water function (100) automatically determined by the fuel cell system.


After analyzing the core and characters of planning and scheduling system of process enterprises, such as the refinery, a kind of central architecture is proposed. And a new planning and scheduling system model for process enterprises is established. This architecture model gives prominence to planning and scheduling. And then, a new knowledge-based intelligenct architecture is realized. Therefore, it can provide a methodology for operation and optimization of process production system.


The problem of estimating fault section is suitable for application of expert systems. In fact, many papers have been published on expert systems for this problem, but most systems use production rule for representing experts' knowldge. The use of production rule results in a system with simple knowledge representation. However, since there are many devices in power systems, a great number of rules must be described and it is difficult to check the knowledge bases. This paper presents a new method, called the protective system simulation and describe a developed practical expert system using it. The method gives protective coordination to the assumed fault sections. Protective coordination is used for judging whether relays operate correctly, or not. It is based on the ontology, which is the basic concept of qualitative reasoning. We classified knowledge concerning estimating fault sections into two regions, non-teleological and teleological knowledge. The method uses protection zone and time setting for representing the function of each relay. The expert system based on the protective system simulation has well maintainability and infers fault section within reasonable time. We plan to build this system into three actual control centers in 1991.


Copyright is held by the author/owner(s). Workshop on Peripheral Interaction: Shaping the Research and Design Space at CHI 2014, April 26–May 1, 2014, Toronto, Canada. Abstract Peripheral displays, such as ambient light displays, have a pervasive character and thus are often integrated into everyday items, such as lamps, or into wearables such as jewellery, or clothes. Although many displays are designed to present information that is meant solely for the user, the information display can also be perceived by people in proximity. Because of that a user's willingness to wear resp. use a peripheral display often depends on the reactions of observers, we argue that we need to consider both the user and observers when designing peripheral displays. We close this paper with a number of research questions in the field of wearable light displays that need to be investigated.


The problem of egomotion recovery has been treated by using as input local image motion, with the published algorithms utilizing the geometric constraint relating 2-D local image motion (optical flow, correspondence, derivatives of the image flow) to 3-D motion and structure. Since it has proved very difficult to achieve accurate input (local image motion), a lot of effort has been devoted to the development of robust techniques. A new approach to the problem of egomotion estimation is taken, based on constraints of a global nature. It is proved that local normal flow measurements form global patterns in the image plane. The position of these patterns is related to the three dimensional motion parameters. By locating some of these patterns, which depend only on subsets of the motion parameters, through a simple search technique, the 3-D motion parameters can be found. The proposed algorithmic procedure is very robust, since it is not affected by small perturbations in the normal flow measurements. As a matter of fact, since only the sign of the normal flow measurement is employed, the direction of translation and the axis of rotation can be estimated with up to 100% error in the image measurements.<<ETX>>


Abstract We generalise Quasi-Linear Means by restricting to the tail of the risk distribution and show that this can be a useful quantity in risk management since it comprises in its general form the Value at Risk, the Conditional Tail Expectation and the Entropic Risk Measure in a unified way. We then investigate the fundamental properties of the proposed measure and show its unique features and implications in the risk measurement process. Furthermore, we derive formulas for truncated elliptical models of losses and provide formulas for selected members of such models.


Geographically, Indonesia is one of country that has so many potentials. With its location between two continents and oceans, Indonesia could make strategic role in region and the world. Geostrategy of one country play an important role to its foreign policy and diplomacy. Indonesia has 'national resilience' as the national geostrategic doctrine. It will be interesting to study how far that geostrategic doctrine influences international relations of Indonesia. This study will discuss in several parts, from the role of Indonesia as a part of middle-power countries in different government administration to the position of Indonesia in the region because of its geostrategic doctrine.


The lighting for the Student Union Building (SUB) will induce a large cost and a large environmental impact. Providing a sustainable environment when there is little or no natural light available can pose quite a challenge. In the following report, the options available for the lighting of the SUB are discussed. For simplicity and applicability, the lighting options are kept to Incandescent, High Intensity Discharge (HID), Fluorescent, and Light Emitting Diode (LED). With the ban on incandescent light bulbs starting in 2012, it is clear that the new SUB will not be using incandescent lighting; however, these bulbs provide a good base point for comparisons. Aside from the approaching legal issues, due to the low efficiency and the short life span, incandescent light bulbs are a poor choice for the a building, regardless of the cheap installation price. HID lamps provide a higher efficacy and a longer life than incandescent lighing. In situations where durability and a large level of light over a large area is required, HID lamps are the superior choice. The HID lamps could be argued as the superior choice for outside lighting; for example, street lights and parking lot lighting. The durability and high output of HID lamps makes them superior to fluorescent lighting and LED bulbs in an outdoor environment. Fluorescent lighting is by far the cheapest, most effective large-scale lighting option. Fluorescent tubes provide a large amount of light per area, which means few light fixtures will be needed; as well, fluorescent tubes have a long lifespan relative to their cost. The use of mercury in the fluorescent bulbs is an environmental concern; however, the mercury inside a fluorescent tube can be recycled rather easily at a low cost. Since the mercury can be re-used, the costs are so low, and the output is so high, fluorescent tubes are the best option for large areas where large amounts of evenly spread light is desirable. LED light bulbs are very compact and are extremely efficient. The light emitted by LED bulbs requires up to 50% less energy than incandescent bulbs, and up to 35% less energy than fluorescent bulbs; however, the light is extremely directional, which could make the use for a large room extremely costly, or unachievable. LED bulbs are recommended for small rooms, and any small area where directional light is acceptable. The new SUB should include various types of lighting in order to take advantage of the many diverse lighting options available. Outside of the SUB building (i.e. parking lots, outdoor building lighting, etc.), HID lamps are recommended. This will ensure a long life, minimal challenging light bulb replacements, and a durable source of high-level light over a large area. Fluorescent tubes are recommended for large indoor areas, as the inexpensive costs and minimal fixtures required cut both costs and the use of materials. In instances where directional light is acceptable indoors, LED bulbs are the most operationally cost effective and the best overall choice.


Adsorption isotherms for sodium dodecanesulphonate adsorption on alumina have been determined as a function of pH and surfactant concentration. The results indicate that at a certain critical concentration or critical pH, the adsorption increases markedly through association of the hydrocarbon chains of surfactant molecules to form hemimicelles at the interface. The dependence of the isotherms on pH and solution concentration is interpreted in terms of the Stern–Grahame model of the electrical double layer. Adsorption behaviour in this system is controlled by a specific adsorption potential that varies with surfactant adsorption density in the Stern layer.


Purpose: The main purpose of the study was to examine the impact of moderate intensity exercise on blood serum creatinine concentration among the male. Method & Materials: A randomized control trails were conducted for purpose to evaluate the effects of moderate intensity exercise on creatinine level among the subjects (Experimental Group Original Research Article Khan et al.; JPRI, 33(28B): 45-51, 2021; Article no.JPRI.67614 46 (EG) = 10, Control group (CG). A written informed consent from all the subjects and ethical approval was taken from Gomal University Ethical Review Committee before initiating the study protocols. 5ml blood were taken from all the subjects and each blood sample was marked with separate identification code. Twelve weeks exercise (moderate intensity exercise) protocols was employed on the selected subjects. The collected blood samples were tested and thus the collected results were processed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, Version, 24) by applying Mean and Standard deviation etc. Results & Conclusion: On the basis of analysis, the researcher concluded that inferentially there is no significant effect of moderate intensity exercise on BMI and Creatinine of the subjects but descriptively the experimental group shows better results in BMI and Creatinine (after the treatment)


This file contains the raw data from the light trapping study ordered by: order (Lepidoptera/Coleoptera), family, name (species), year, date1 (start), date2 (end) and no. individuals


Purification process of Montelukast, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof, including any stereoisomer or mixture thereof which comprises carrying out a specific set of selective solvent extractions of Montelukast or its impurities, wherein said set of solvent extractions comprising at least one wash of an aqueous phase containing crude Montelukast in salt form with an organic solvent at a pH comprised between 12.0 and 13.5 and a temperature between 10 ° C and about 5 ° C below the boiling point of the mixture.


Despite positive animal studies, clinical angiogenesis trial outcomes have been disappointing. Because 1) aging impairs ischemia‐induced collaterogenesis in animals, and 2) patients targeted for angiogenesis therapy are older, we determined whether aging‐induced changes in collateral phenotype could contribute to the disappointing clinical results.


This research investigates the development and adaptation processes of Sarawakian retired professional in life-long learning using interpretative phenomenological analysis. This investigation detects evidence in its data that the possibility of human development conforms to the Wilber's Four Quadrants (2000) which grow ever-larger concentric circles as the individual changes and develops pogressively, embracing a wider circle of unity with fellow humans, nature and spirit. Wilber's Four Quadrant Structure (Wilber, 2000) was used as it covers a wide range of developmental hypotheses and is ideal to guide, illuminate and legitimise the data of this research as he has incorporated all the major theories of human development in his hypothesis. He has incorporated cultural studies, anthropology, systems theory, developmental psychology, biology, and spirituality to come out with this integrated
theory. This research's objective is to translate Wilber's hypothesis into the local, practical and applied terms via the data of the five retired and senior Sarawakian professionals. A wide range of past literature gave this research clues as to what to ask the participants in the
research questions.


The measurements : of changes in a magnitude of ΕL2 characteristic infrared absorption were used to investigate a phenomenon of light induced recovery of the defect from its metastable state in semi-insulating (SI) and n-type GaAs. At a temperature of 12K illumination with photons of energy 1.45 eV caused partial recovery for both SI and n-type samples. For n-type samples partial recovery occurred also after irradiation with photons of energy lower than 0.73 eV.


The paper proposes a technique to analyze the double star PM synchronous generators by transforming the two 3-phase winding sets into two couples of windings on the d and q axes of the rotor reference frame. The technique introduces improvements with respect to other approaches, as it takes into account the harmonic content of the no-load flux linkages of the armature windings, it applies to a generic angular displacement between the two winding sets and it greatly simplifies the analysis since the two transformed winding sets are decoupled with respect to each other.


A discussion of a technical note with the aforementioned title by N.K. Subedi and P.S. Baglin, published in the journal (Volume 124, Number 12, December 1998), is presented. The discusser suggests that, in order to observe the enhancement in shear strength, only the shear area should be considered. The discusser also questions whether the strengthening effects cause the main longitudinal bars to yield at failure. The discusser points out that the deflections at the load position are similar for the strengthened beams. Discussion is followed by closure from the authors.


Fractures form the main pathways for flow of fluids and transport of constituents carried by these fluids in fractured subsurface media. The majority of flow and transport occurs in the primary sub...


In February 2015 the controversy surrounding the planned shopping mall Uplace Machelen reached unprecedented heights. Opponents of the project slowly gained ground, led by the members of the opposition in the Flemish Parliament, who clung to the case. No one was spared: consultants, academics, minsters and former ministers were all targeted. What is remarkable about this debate is that it is largely driven by figures. The authors of this contribution played their own role in this, by arguing that the way in which the expected share of shopping mall visitors using public transport was communicated, was highly questionable. Of course, we expected some headwind, but no one could presume the oppositional forces we would eventually encounter. In all sorts of public forums and among colleagues, our evidence base and our methodology was discussed. Politicians questioned the integrity and reliability of the experts and procedures, while


A survey over a 9-year period from 2005 to 2013 was performed on orthognathic surgery at the Maxillofacial Unit of Oita Oka Hospital. The results were as follows: 1. The total number of cases of patients who underwent orthognathic surgery under general anesthesia was 394. The annual number of operations has markedly increased since 2005. 2. The male-female ratio was 1 : 2.6. 3. The mean age (standard deviation) was 24.5 (8.3) years old. 4. The most predominant diagnosis was mandibular protrusion (60.9% of the cases). 5. Sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) alone was performed in 79.4% of the cases. 6. The mean operation time and blood loss were 68min (34-305min) and 100ml (10-971ml) in SSRO, 149min (97-276min) and 149ml (10-540ml) in LF-1+SSRO, respectively. 7. The mean duration of hospitalization was 9 days. 8. The introduction rate was 84.1%. The number of participating orthodontic clinics was 23.


With regard to the uncertain multi-attribute decision making problems,in which the information about attribute weights is known partly and the decision maker has preference information on alternatives,an interactive method based on similarity degree and satisfactory degree of alternative is proposed.The method firstly utilizes the objective information of alternatives and the subjective requirements provided by the decision maker to establish single-objective programming models.Secondly,the process of interactive decision making can be implemented by giving and revising the similarity degree and satisfactory degree of alternative.Finally,a practical example is illustrated to show the feasibility and availability of the developed method.


PART I The Bases for Assessment in the Classroom 1 Classroom Decision Making and Using Assessment 2 Describing the Goals and Learning Targets of Instruction 3 Validity of Assessment Results 4 Reliability of Assessment Results 5 Professional Responsibilities, Ethical Behavior, and Legal Requirements in Educational Assessments PART II Crafting and Using Classroom Assessments 6 Planning for Integrating Assessment and Instruction 7 Completion, Short-Answer, and True-False Items 8 Multiple-Choice and Matching Exercises 9 Essay Assessment Tasks 10 Higher-Order Thinking, Problem Solving, and Critical Thinking 11 Performance, Portfolio, and Authentic Assessments: An Overview 12 How to Craft Performance Tasks, Projects, Portfolios, Rating Scales, and Scoring Rubrics 13 Formative Evaluation Using Informal Diagnostic Assessments 14 Preparing Your Students to Be Assessed and Using Students' Results to Improve Your Assessments 15 Evaluating and Grading Student Progress PART III Interpreting and Using Standardized Tests 16 Standardized Achievement Tests 17 Interpreting Norm-Referenced Scores 18 Finding and Evaluating Published Assessments 19 Scholastic Aptitude, Career Interests, Attitudes, and Personality Tests


In this paper a number of exceptions to the usual rules of stress assignment in Turkish words are examined. All of them share the property that the normal word-final stress of Turkish is displaced toward the beginning of the word. It is concluded that all the cases investigated constitute syntactically or semantically marked categories, and that there appears to be a correlation between this markedness and the phonologically marked phenomenon of non-final stress which characterizes the forms in question.


SrR,-Since the observation by Gunn & Gurd (1940) that amphetamine is several times more toxic to aggregated than isolated mice, several factors have been found to influence this effect. The major factors are strain and body weight of mice (Chance, 1947 ; Fink & Larson, 1962), environmental temperature (Hohn & Lasagna, 1960; Askew, 1961 ; Fink & Larson, 1962; Wolf & George, 1964), noise (Chance, 1946, 1947; Cohen & Lal, 1964), electrical stimuli (Weiss, Laties & Blanton, 1961) and artificially induced aggressive behaviour (Consolo, Garattini & Valzelli, 1965). Greenblatt & Osterberg (1961) attributed the enhanced toxicity of amphetamine aggregation to the enhanced body movements of the mice. Hardinge & Peterson (1963, 1964) reported that amphetamine is as toxic to isolated mice forced to exercise as it was to aggregated mice. It was reasoned that, if excessive body movements following amphetamine aggregation was a factor responsible for the enhanced lethality, it should be possible to counteract it by pharmacologically induced reduction in the body movements. This aspect was examined by using those neuromuscular blocking agents which act peripherally-( + )-tubocurarine, suxamethonium and gallamine triethiodide-to overcome the excessive movements. Male albino mice, 25-33 g, were given the drugs or saline injected in 0.01 ml/g body weight. Aggregated mice were placed in plastic cages which allowed 25 cm2 floor space per mouse, and isolated mice were placed, one mouse per cage with 200cm2 floor space. All experiments were made in an air conditioned room at 22-23'.


FSK continues to be an important component of modern communication systems, and discoveries of lower impact methods for mitigating performance degradation due to multipath propagation are needed in many application areas. Previous work suggested the benefit of a simple post-demodulator LMS filter but the focus was narrow and analysis was hindered by the nonlinearity of the demodulation process and the nonstationary signal environment. This paper significantly extends understanding of the post-demodulator filter and demonstrates that the statistical assumptions that align BER performance with MSE performance do not apply in this context, and that simply decreasing the MSE might increase the BER rather than decrease it. An alternative post-demodulator adaptive filter with similar complexity to the LMS filter is proposed which shows improved BER performance. Analysis provides a simplified interpretation of the interaction of system and channel model parameters which may form the basis for more general use of a post-demodulator adaptive filter.


ln recent years, scholars and teachers in both the broad field of Composition Studies and the more specialized arena of Computers and Composition Studies (Yancey. 2004; Selfe and Hawisher, 2004; Wysocki and Johnson-Eilola. 1999; Ball and Hawk, 2006) have begun to recognize that the bandwidth of literacy practices and values on which our profession has focused during the last century may be overly narrow. In response, a number of educators have begun experimenting with multimodal compositions, compositions that take advantage of a range of rhetorical resources^words, still and moving images, sounds, music, animation—to create meaning. In particular, the work of scholars in The New London Group (1996), Gunther Kress and Theo van Leeuwen (1996, 2001; also Kress, 2003), and Cope and Kalantzis (1999) explore the understanding of alphabetic writing as one modality among many that individuals should be able to call on as rhetorical and creative resources when composing messages and making meaning. These scholars argue for a theory of semiosis that acknowledges the practices of human sign-makers who select from a number of modalities for expression (including sound, image, and animation, for example), depending on rhetorical and material contexts within which the communication was being designed and distributed. They also note that no one expressive modality, including print, is capable of carrying the full range of meaning in a text, and point out that the texts sign-makers create both shape, and are shaped by, the universe of semiotic resources they access. For educators, the implications of this scholarly work are profound. In a 1999 chapter, "English at the Crossroads," in Passions, Pedagogies, and 21"


A method for transitioning between two different catalysts in olefin polymerizations, a first catalyst and a second catalyst, comprising the steps of: a) interrupting the supply of the first catalyst to the polymerization reactor, and then b) introducing the second catalyst in the reactor, wherein the transition is performed between a catalyst based on chromium oxide and a metallocene catalyst in the absence of any agent that disables or poison the catalyst.


A simulation study of the effects of sample size on the overall fit statistic provided by the LISREL program indicates the statistic is well behaved over a wide range of sample sizes for simple mod...


Explore the house and grounds, get involved in a workshop, see the new exhibition, take a tour and listen to a talk.


The so-called "black holes" in the Milky Way are of very great interest. Some of them are so definite that, possibly, they suggest not vacancies, but rather some kind of obscuring body lying in the Milky Way, or between us and it, which cuts out the fight from the stars. This explanation seems to become more and more plausible the more we know of these objects. In previous papers I have called attention to this possible obscuring matter, splendid examples of which are connected with the great nebulosities about the stars p Ophiuchi and v Scorpii. See A strophysical Journal, 31, 8, 1910, for an article bearing on this subject. One of the most remarkable of these spots—remarkable because of its smallness and definite form—is in one of the dense starclouds, in the position:


This note concludes that political competition in Africa is shaped by the inability of political parties to make commitments that are credible to large fractions of the electorate, rather than by broad appeals to the interests of co-ethnics. Political competition does not meet the conditions for ethnicity to be the cause of policy failure, slow growth, and civil war, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, as is argued in a large literature. The absence of political credibility can yield these same outcomes, however. This paper examines these conflicting positions using data on the partisan preferences of 21,000 individuals from 16 African countries. In 14 of the 16 countries, the evidence rejects the argument that competing political parties mobilize support with credible commitments to serve the aggregate interests of larger ethnic groups. In contrast, gift-giving and approval of incumbent performance are generally significant determinants of partisan preferences, consistent with the assumption that political competitors are constrained in their ability to make broadly credible promises. Disclaimer: The opinions and findings here are those of the author and do not represent the views of the World Bank or its directors. Source URL: http://erd.eui.eu/media/keefer.pdf Saylor URL: http://www.saylor.org/courses/polsc325 © The World Bank You are free to copy, distribute, adapt, display or include the data in other products for commercial and noncommercial purposes at no cost www.Saylor.org 1 of 52 The ethnicity distraction: Political credibility, clientelism and partisan preferences in Africa Ethnicity is a prominent explanation of adverse development phenomena ranging from slow growth to the under-provision of public goods to conflict, particularly in Africa (Easterly and Levine 1997), but also more generally. However, scholars advance different and even mutually exclusive assumptions about how and why ethnicity matters, leading to correspondingly divergent responses to the development challenges that countries confront. Some argue that politicians mobilize co-ethnics with credible commitments to serve the interests of co-ethnics as a group at the expense of other ethnic groups. Other analyses maintain that politicians are unable to mobilize broad support with credible promises. For example, they bear no reputational or other loss if they renege on promises to make policies that benefit large groups of citizens. Instead they rely on clientelist promises to narrow groups that happen to be comprised of co-ethnics. The analysis here uses individual level data from 16 sub-Saharan African countries to distinguish between these competing approaches. The data suggest that politicians are generally unable to make broadly credible appeals to voters, including appeals to co-ethnics. Efforts to understand the sources of slow development and conflict should shift away from conflicts of interest between ethnic groups and towards the inability of political competitors to make credible commitments to citizens. Theories that point to ethnic differences as an obstacle to peace and economic development rely on the assumption, not necessarily explicit, that political leaders mobilize electoral support by promising to pursue the interests of co-ethnics at the expense of the interests of other groups. Such mobilization succeeds if ethnic leaders can credibly promise to distribute policy benefits to all members of their ethnic groups. In this case, members of the ethnic group, given a choice between supporting their co-ethnic party or no party at all, Source URL: http://erd.eui.eu/media/keefer.pdf Saylor URL: http://www.saylor.org/courses/polsc325 © The World Bank You are free to copy, distribute, adapt, display or include the data in other products for commercial and noncommercial purposes at no cost www.Saylor.org 2 of 52


Small departures from a constant envelope of LC oscillators using the normal self-bias circuits for stabilization may be described by a second-order linear differential equation. Besides some general conclusions, detailed results are presented for two usual emitter-base diode characteristics. More complicated bias arrangements and the modulation response are briefly considered. Large departures from equilibrium lead to a pair of non-linear differential equations. Some graphical solutions of these equations are sketched on the phase plane and lead to an understanding of the `large' behaviour of the envelope. It is tentatively concluded that `small' stability ensures `large' stability. An analogue computer has been used to confirm some of the theory.


: The integration of Human-Centered Design into agile product development can be challenging. In particular, the application of established user research and UX design methods within short feedback cycles frequently leads to discussions. This article provides an overview of the development and current state of research in AgileUX. In particular, we analyse LeanUX and answer the following questions: How can user research be implemented in agile product development and which best practices can be used to achieve it? For this purpose, we conducted a literature review and analysed how user research in agile product development has progressed in recent years. We discuss an approach that leverages identified best practices for AgileUX by introducing a new model for integrating LeanUX with Scrum to address the needs of the users more strongly in agile product development. We conclude that existing best practices and patterns already aim to adapt established user research methods to the agile framework. LeanUX provides a suitable approach to integrate such user research methods for use in agile product development. This approach has the potential to improve the user experience.


21-hydroxylase deficiency is the cause of one of the most common hereditary diseases - congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). The level of residual activity of 21-hydroxylase determines the clinical form and severity of the course of the disease. The article presents the clinical characteristics of two forms of CAH – salt-wasting and simple virilizing. Objective. To study the clinical aspects of CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency in children. Material and methods. We analyzed 57 archived case histories and 58 extracts from case histories of children from 0 to 18 years old with an established diagnosis of CAH. In general, the sample comprised cases, of which 36 were boys (48%) and 39 (52%) girls. Results and discussion. Of the 75 children with CAH, 43 (57.3%) had a salt-wasting form, 32 (42.7%) had a simple virilizing form. In children with salt-wasting form, the leading clinical manifestation was salt loss syndrome, with simple virilizing - viril syndrome. The average age of diagnosis with salt-wasting form was 1.5 months (from 1 to 2.6 months), with simple virilizing - 3 years (from 1.4 to 4.4 years). Conclusions. According to our data, in Kazakhstan, the salt- wasting form of СAH is diagnosed more often than a simple virilizing form (57.3% / 42.7%). The problems of timely diagnosis of CAH and in the selection of the appropriate passport gender of the child were identified. Keywords: congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 21-hydroxylase deficiency, salt-wasting form, simple virilizing form.


Pan-Canadian Survey on Perceptions and Concerns of the Agro-Food Industry Facing the Challenges of Food Fraud In collaboration with Samuel Godefroy, Virginie Barrere, Jeremie Theolier and Catherine Dhont Expired food being repackaged, vegetable oil added to olive oil, a mixture of chalk and food coloring sold as turmeric… food fraud is a growing evil in the agro-food industry and represents more than ever a prevailing key issue within the supply chain, from producer to distributor. In order to better understand the perceptions and concerns of the agro-food businesses towards fraud, but also to document the current practices of the various actors in preventing and detecting fraud, CIRANO, in collaboration with INAF (Laval University) and CRIBIQ, conducted a survey with 400 businesses representing the agro-food industry in Canada. A few highlights : Definition of fraud and knowledge of regulations: In Canada, the actors of the agro-food industry believe they have a very good knowledge of the definition of food fraud but a lesser understanding of its regulations. Globally, the actors of the food chain perceive themselves as being sufficiently regulated and rather well aware of their responsibilities towards the final consumer. Perception of the risk of fraud: Whether we refer to food fraud in terms of the number of fraudulent products or the consequences of the fraud on health and the economy, Canada is perceived by the actors of the agro-food supply chain as being fairly immune to fraud compared to the rest of the world. However, the agro-food industry in Canada is aware of the consequences it can generate locally. Canadian businesses are also sensitive to the fact that they can be implicated or victims of fraud. The safety feeling is however heterogeneous with the chain (differences between producers, processors and distributors). Prevention measures implemented by the industry: We clearly notice that prevention measures are well known (68% of Canadian businesses report having an average to very high knowledge of these measures); simultaneously, detection practices are lesser known and not as widely implemented while they are perceived as effective. In terms of preventive measures, the traceability systems of the supply chain seem to be the practice of choice selected by businesses to prevent fraud. In conclusion, the results of this study, coupled with the increasing number of frauds revealed in the media, highlight the necessity to further speak out about food fraud. In addition, this necessity is strongly approved by the agro-food supply chain actors who consider that fraud is an issue which has not been sufficiently addressed, mostly outside the business, i.e. by the agro-food industry but also by the government and public opinion. Avec la collaboration de Samuel Godefroy, Virginie Barrere, Jeremie Theolier et Catherine Dhont Des aliments perimes reemballes, de l'huile vegetale ajoutee a de l'huile d'olive, un melange de craie et de colorant vendu comme du curcuma…la fraude alimentaire est un fleau grandissant de l'industrie agroalimentaire et represente plus que jamais un enjeu actuel qui touche tous les maillons de la chaine, du producteur au distributeur. Afin de mieux connaitre les perceptions et les preoccupations des entreprises de la chaine agroalimentaire envers la fraude, mais aussi de documenter les pratiques utilisees par les differents acteurs en prevention et en detection de la fraude, le CIRANO, en collaboration avec l'INAF (Universite Laval) et le CRIBIQ, a realise une enquete aupres de 400 entreprises representatives de l'industrie agroalimentaire au Canada. Quelques faits saillants : Definition de la fraude et connaissance des reglementations : Au Canada, les acteurs de l'industrie agroalimentaire estiment avoir une tres bonne connaissance de la definition de la fraude alimentaire mais une connaissance plutot faible des reglementations qui l'encadrent. Globalement, les acteurs de la chaine alimentaire se percoivent tout de meme comme assez reglementes et semblent plutot conscients de leurs responsabilites envers le consommateur final. Perception du risque de fraude : Que l'on parle du risque de fraude alimentaire en termes de quantite de produits fraudes ou de consequences de la fraude sur la sante ou l'economie, le Canada est percu par les acteurs de la chaine agroalimentaire comme etant plus a l'abri de la fraude que le reste du monde. Toutefois, l'industrie agroalimentaire au Canada est consciente des consequences qu'elle peut generer localement. Les entreprises canadiennes sont aussi sensibles au fait qu'elles peuvent etre en cause ou victimes de fraude. Le sentiment de securite est toutefois heterogene au sein de la chaine (differences entre les producteurs, les transformateurs et les distributeurs). Pratiques de prevention mises en place par l'industrie : On constate clairement que les pratiques de prevention sont bien connues (68 % des entreprises au Canada rapportent avoir une connaissance moyenne a tres elevee de celles-ci); en parallele les pratiques de detection sont, elles, moins connues et moins mises en place alors qu'elles sont percues comme etant efficaces. En termes de mesures de prevention, les systemes de tracabilite de la chaine d'approvisionnement semblent etre la pratique de choix retenue par les entreprises pour prevenir la fraude. En conclusion, les resultats de cette etude, couplees aux cas de plus en plus frequents de fraude reveles dans les medias, mettent en lumiere la necessite de communiquer davantage sur la fraude alimentaire. D'ailleurs, cette necessite est egalement plebiscitee par les acteurs de la chaine agroalimentaire eux-memes qui considerent que la fraude est un enjeu qui n'est encore pas suffisamment aborde, surtout a l'externe de l'entreprise, c'est-a-dire par l'industrie agroalimentaire elle-meme mais aussi par le gouvernement et par l'opinion publique.


A modified p-persistence CSMA/CD (MP-CSMA/CD) is proposed to maximize the throughput performance of a bus local area network. From the two algorithms applied to maximize the throughput performance, the artificial neural network (ANN) produces a better performance than the gradient access algorithm. Owing to noise in the throughput measurements, the drift in the probability of transmission, p, may invalidate its performance. We investigated the problems inherent in the gradient access algorithm which resulted in a drift in p. Simulation results show that this problem is solved by an ANN algorithm.


There is much interest in predicting the impact of global warming on the genetic diversity of natural populations and the influence of climate on biodiversity is an important ecological question. Since Holocene, we face many climate perturbations and the geographical ranges of plant taxa have changed substantially. Actual genetic diversity of plant is a result of these processes and a first step to study the impact of future climate change is to understand the important features of reconstructed climate variables such as temperature or precipitation for the last 15,000 years on actual genetic diversity of forest. We model the relationship between genetic diversity in the European beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests and curves of temperature and precipitation reconstructed from pollen databases. Our model links the genetic measure to the climate curves. We adapt classical functional linear model to take into account interactions between climate variables as a bilinear form. Since the data are georeferenced, our extensions also account for the spatial dependence among the observations. The practical issues of these methodological extensions are discussed.


A criticism of the paper, that I published in this journal, which pointed out the contradiction between measured and theoretical hair reversal potential has validity and is addressed in this note. This paper, "Falsification of the ionic channel theory of hair cell transduction "applies the Nernst equation to hair cell measurements which deal with the movement of ions through the putative 'transduction ion channel'. The Nernst equation applied to these measurements yielded a reversal potential that did not match the measured reversal potential. The criticism is that there is not only sodium on both sides of the cell membrane but there is also 140 mM of potassium inside the cell (Ki)while there is no potassium outside the cell (Ko). To take into account the presence more than one type of ion simultaneously traversing a ion channel the Nernst equation is not adequate. An expanded version of the Nernst equation the Goldman equation must be used. In the measurement by Corey and Hudspeth, described above, the only ion available for transduction outside the cilia is 124 mM Na. However inside the cell there is not only 12 mM Na but also 140 mM K+. In order to take into account the effect of both sodium and potassium ions passing in opposite directions through this proposed nonspecific ion channel we use an extension of the Nernst equation adapted for multiple ions which is the Goldman equation. A discussion of the Goldman equation can be found in Hill. The Goldman equation gives us an expression for the reversal potential of a nonspecific ion channel.


Dalmatian hinterland area is characterized by low level economic development caused by the devastation of the economy during the Homeland War and known issues related to transformation and privatization. The remaining businesses operate under particularly difficult conditions, which resulted in an unfavorable structure, business performance significantly worse than the national average, and finally evident suppression of the entrepreneurial spirit necessary to take risks and enter into new business ventures. The above mentioned facts indicate the need to invest extra effort at the local, regional and national level, to change currently rather unfavorable situation, and to ultimately achieve a balanced development of the entire national territory. This paper briefly describes and quantifies the impact indicators of the "entrepreneurial" Marko Marulić University of applied sciences from Knin to the overall economic development of the wider area of the Dalmatian hinterland. It shows that, in the described period, there were significant, planned and realized, investments in projects of micro and small entrepreneurs of the observed areas. These investments are created as the end result of planned and carried out activities of the Marko Marulić University of applied sciences in applying unique, innovative concept of entrepreneurship through the system of applied studies.


OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to determine the expression of Laminin-R,Paxillin and CD105 in breast carcinomas using a tissue microarray(TMA),and investigate their clinical and prognostic valuation.METHODS:We analyzed Laminin-R,Paxillin,CD105,ER and PR expression in 160 samples of breast invasive ductal carcinomas immunohistochemically by TMA technology.Results were correlated with various clinic-pathological variables.RESULTS:The expression of Laminin-R in breast cancer was 55.6%(89/160).The expression of LN-R was related to lymphnode metastasis(P0.05),but not to pathologic grade,ER positive or PR positive.The expression rate of Paxllin in these samples is 31.88%(51/160),and was related to pathologic grade(P0.05),but not to lymphnode metastasis,ER positive or PR positive.CD105 expression(measured by microvessel density)was not related to pathologic grade,lymph node metastasis,ER positive or PR positive.CONCLUSIONS:The TMA technology makes the detection of the prognosis-associated indexes of breast cancer easily and quickly.These results suggest that both Laminin-R and Paxllin expression are associated with the biological behavior of human breast cancer,may be helpful to estimate the prognosis of breast carcinoma.