In this issue of the journal we have a theme, albeit not an exclusive one. We open with Margot Waddell's paper 'Why Teenagers Have Babies'. This is an urgent question; no less urgent is the question of how their babies fare. We are in a position to produce evidence and views from observation of the early stages of development of infants born to adolescent parents. What is the experience of the baby if neither its mother nor its father has completed their passage into adulthood? Adolescence, as Waddell says, is a 'turbulent time'. The teenager is caught between the replay of unconscious infantile Oedipal urges and the actuality which says that he or she is now capable of real reproduction. A baby is no phantasy. How far the baby of adolescent parents prospers depends upon the parents' internal resources. Since these are not yet consolidated, it depends too on the sympathy and help the couple can rely upon as auxiliary support for their still-young egos. There must always have been a proportion of extremely young parents; but old restraints and taboos have been relaxed and early sexual activity is now regarded as normal. Much public anxiety, some reasonable enough, has been aroused at the idea of babies being brought up by parents not far beyond childhood themselves. What we can offer is a steady view of particular cases to illuminate the lived reality of their lives, or to add to the thinking about how to intervene or help should this be necessary. Margot Waddell's paper looks specifically at the Oedipal question, and both the subsequent papers address this as well. Frances Roper's account looks at the problems faced by a baby as he outgrows the earliest stage of near-dyadic dependence. While there is plenty of evidence here and in Lynsay Thomas's paper that babies find mother and father differently and delightfully engaging from early on, we also see the struggles to move on from exclusive relationships which occur within the whole family when the baby becomes more a person in his own right and claims his place for himself. Can mother, father, and baby all be accommodated as weaning comes in sight? It is clear from both Roper and Thomas that the primary connection based on the infant's relationships with his mother's breast, body, and mind can go warmly and well depending on the young couple's own internal experiences of a properly-contained early infancy. But more difficulty may be encountered later; in Roper's paper the little boy's developmental push was felt to be disturbing and rejecting by his mother. In Thomas's paper we see a baby boy whose parents did manage the step into independence as a family but it is interesting to note how strongly the observer


In 3GPP LTE, the physical layer is divided into data and signaling, where the signaling (or control information) enables efficient data exchange/resource scheduling. The LTE uplink contains a physical channel known as the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), which carries uplink control information such as message acknowledgements, scheduling requests, and channel status information from user equipment (UE) to LTE base stations (eNodeB). The PUCCH is located on the edges of the system bandwidth in a static location. The static allocation of the PUCCH presents a dilemma: an adversary can disrupt the uplink channel with minimal effort and only needs to know the PUCCH's spectrum allocation. In this paper we (i) take a closer look at the purpose and specification of the PUCCH, (ii) we propose various strategies to be used for the detection of interference specifically on the PUCCH, and (iii) we outline strategies for mitigating 'protocol-aware' interference on the PUCCH. Some of the mitigation strategies, such as control information duplication, can be implemented with minimal changes to LTE eNodeBs and UEs, while other countermeasures require augmentations to both eNodeB and UE hardware or software.


Cuckoo Hashing is a hashing scheme invented by pervious study of Pagh and Rodler. It uses d ≥ 2 distinct hash functions to insert n items into the hash table of size m = (1 + ε)n. In their original paper they treated d = 2 and m = (2 + ε)n. It has been an open question for some time as to the expected time for Random Walk Insertion to add items when d > 2. We show that if the number of hash functions d ≥ dε = O(1) then the expected insertion time is O(1) per item.


FOR EUROPEAN chemical companies that specialize in crop protection, the year started out well and promises to continue that way. However, just as farmers do, chemical makers are keeping an eye on the clouds on the horizon. The cloud now is new legislation going through the European Union decision-making procedure. It is intended to replace Directive 91/414/EEC, which was drafted in the 1980s for agrochemical control. The package was first proposed by the European Commission in July 2006. The commission incorporated amendments suggested in a first legislative reading, and the legislation is now ready for a second reading by the European Parliament later this year or early next year. It is common for industry trade groups to lobby against laws that tighten controls over their sectors. But this time, there is a profound change in the philosophy shaping the legislation, says Friedhelm Schmider, director general of the Brussels-based European Crop Protection Association. Until now, safety ...


The article emphasizes that psychological training is a part of professional training of specialists in any sphere, but for professionals in information and analytical activities it should be an integral part, resulted in readiness for professional activity taking into account the objective and subjective factors. Achievement of the required level of national security is conditioned by the continuous receipt of reliable and complete information about various threats, the degree of their danger and possible ways of neutralizing. Given the growing demands of providing the state, public authorities and local governments leadership with a highly professional analytical product in the rapid development of information and intellectual technologies, the role of effective performance of information and analytical functions by all security institutions is growing. After all, insufficient analytical support for state authorities activities leads to the impossibility of early forecasting of state and world events, adequate consideration of favorable and destructive factors affecting the social, political and economic life of the country.
Therefore, competent specialists in the field of information and analytical activities determine the quality of analytical products preparation. The publication identifies the main psychological factors of professional success of specialists in information and analytical activities, formulates the definition of their psychological competence. It suggests a set of individual psychological qualities that should be inherent in a successful analyst, which include: objectivity, independence, ability to work under the influence of stressors, ability to work in a team, reflexivity, flexibility and non-standard thinking, ability to respond adequately to criticism, ability to defend one's opinion, ability to argue, etc.


Objective To understand onset and clinical features of cholelithiasis in Wa nationality area of Lincang town. Methods The clinical data of 2 870 cases with cholelithiasis treated with surgical operation from January 2000 to December 2004 were retrospectively analyzed. Results The cases at age of under 30 years accounted for 9.9% and those at age of 40-59 years for 53.7%. Of all, cholecystolithiasis was frequently encountered (90.8%) but choleduocholith (7.6%) and hepatolithiasis (1.6%) were less discovered. In the meantime, cholesterol lithiasis accounted for 67.9% and bile pigment caculus for 32.1%. Conclusion There are special features for cholelithiasis in Wa nationality area of Lincang town in regard of type, position, sex, age and dietary habit.


Combining the demand of radar communications with the data transmission technology of broadband CDMA,the entire net structure of radar data transmission system was designed.Based on real-time transmission of radar signal,the connective,transmission and interferer delays of the system were emphatically studied,then a transmission-delay model was established,and the simulation with the network on OPNET was carried out.


During the COVID-19 global pandemic, likewise private sector, public sector organisations also shifted to partial homeworking or hybrid working to comply with the government-imposed social distancing policies. This study examines the effect of enforced hybrid working on employee well-being via markers of stress, workload, loneliness, and detachment. This study also investigates the impact of involuntary hybrid working on the gender division of labour. This study applies qualitative research within a cross-sectional design to identify the well-being outcomes and experiences of male and female employees. The findings of this study reveal that factors such as disruptions in internet connectivity, increased workload, longer working hours with no fixed schedule, and lack of interaction with colleagues and social support negatively affect well-being leading to increased stress while working from home. Family responsibilities including child caring while working from home influence female employees' well-being. In addition, hybrid working provides advantages of both onsite and homeworking and thus, provides an opportunity to balance work and family life.


This research article presents the integration of participatory modeling and system dynamics as a novel methodology for the consolidation of social dynamic models for the subsequent evaluation and prioritization of green projects in Colombian post-conflict communities. First, through participatory work carried out with a community, the citizen factors were identified, evaluated, and systematized in relation to the problems and needs of the region. Second, based on the results obtained, a simulation model based on system dynamics—which facilitates decision-making with regard to the evaluation of green projects—was calibrated. The proposed methodology lead to the conclusion that, with the participation of the community, and with a model based on the dynamics of the variables—such as supply and demand—for natural water and land resources, it is possible to warn decision-makers about variables that can lead to the maximization of investments, and thus to prioritize and select the most appropriate environmental, social, or economic initiatives that meet the needs or expectations of the involved community. In the future, the model could be used to facilitate the management, administration, and control of water and land resources by creating alerts called reserve margins.


The answer to the above question appears to be 'the firm's cash flow situation.' Using firm-level data from thirty-five countries over the period 1998 through 2004, we attempt to uncover the nature of investment-cash flow sensitivity. Prior studies on U.S. firms report that investmentcash flow sensitivity is not a measure of financial constraint and is higher for firms of good financial status than for firms of poor financial status. We examine whether this observation can be generalized to the firms outside the U.S. Our empirical results suggest that investment-cash flow sensitivity is unlikely to be related to financial constraint, which confirms the results of prior studies on U.S. firms. However, unlike prior studies on U.S. firms, our results do not suggest that good financial status firms display relatively high investment-cash flow sensitivity. Our most important finding is that almost invariably across countries, investment-cash flow sensitivity is weak for firms with low cash flows while it is strong for firms with high cash flows. We propose that investment-cash flow sensitivity is a measure of the availability of the firm's internal funds.


Abstract Observing the Universe, astronomers have concluded that the motion of stars can not be accounted for unless one assumes that most of the mass in the Universe is carried on by a "dark matter", so far impervious to all attempts at being detected. There is now a similar concept of "dark energy". I shall discuss a different subject, "dark equations". These have never indicated that they influence anything or even exist, but if one supposes that they do exist, one can systematically discover them and study their properties, some of which turn out to be strange and others mysterious. These equations are similar in spirit to what one gets when linearizing a given system, or studies how an external linear wave interacts with a particular solution of a given system. We define and study linear extensions of dynamical systems in general, and integrable and Hamiltonian systems in particular. Systems discussed include the KdV and mKdV equations and the associated Miura maps, the Burgers hierarchy and the associated Hopf–Cole transformations, long wave equations, the Benney hierarchy, and the KP hierarchy.


The study deals with the evolution of the post-Dayton political system in Bosnia and Herzegovina from the first post-war elections to the year 2006. The study also presents a complete picture of the present structure of the political system of Bosnia and Herzegovina, its component entities (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska), and the District of Brcko. The concluding parts of this study describe the involvement of the international community in the political system of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and current trends in the political system.


As wireless sensor network are being deployed in a wide variety of application areas, the number of sensor nodes in a sensor filed becomes larger and larger. In the past, ISP (In-System Programming) method have been generally used for code update but the large number of sensor nodes requires a new code update method called network reprogramming. There are many challenging issues for network reprogramming since it can make an impact on the network lifetime. In this paper, a new sender selection scheme for network reprogramming protocol is proposed to decrease energy consumption for code update by minimizing overlapped area between sender nodes and reducing data contention. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can reduce the amount of message traffic and the overall data transmission time.


Article 245 EC The Statute of the Court of Justice of the European Union shall be laid down in a separate Protocol.


The aquatic and marshy angiospermic plants are the most important component of aquatic and wetland ecosystem. They increase productivity of the aquatic ecosystem and help to maintain ecosystem balance. The importance of aquatic diversity for sustainable life support system is an acceptable fact throughout the world. India has a rich variety of wetlands habitats. Tropical swamp, forests once formed an important part of vegetation and extended all along the base of the Himalayas from Assam to Jammu Kashmir. Wetlands are one of the most productive ecosystems and thus subjected to human greed which is yet another reason for their extinction is deforestation. Unfortunately, these habitats have not been explored from ecological point of view. From this minor study, 59 species of wetland plants belonging to 37 families were recorded to be used. Out of the total 59 species, dicot (47%) species and monocot (46%) less numbers are belong to Ptridophytes. In this study, we were observed that many common aquatic macro and microflora of wetlands and marshlands of Yamuna nagar like as Aeschyno meneindica, Alternanthera philoxeroides, A. sessilis, Anagallis arvensis, Ceratophyllum demursum, Chrysopogon zizanioides, Commelina benghalensis, Cyperus alternifolius, Cyanotis axillaris, Cyperus rotundus, Dryopteris filix-mas, Dryopteris sieboldii, Echinochloa colona, Eichhornia crassipes, Hygrophila salicifolia, Ipomoea aquatica, Lemna minor, Ludwigiaad scendens, Polygonum hydropiper, Portulaca oleracea, Potamogeton natans etc. The fresh water wetlands of Yamuna Nagar are under threat due to human interference and other anthropogenic activities. Key-wordsWetlands, Semi aquatic, Biodiversity, River Yamuna INTRODUCTION Wetlands are dynamic ecosystems, continually undergoing natural changes due to infilling with sediments and nutrient subsidence and a rise in water levels during heavy floods. They sustain all life forms and perform some useful functions in the maintenance of overall balance of nature Wetlands are distinctive ecosystems and not simply mixture of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems . The biota of wetland is mostly affected by the duration of flooding, the nutrients discharged from number of sources and season and flood regimes also affects the wetland biota. Access this article online Quick Response Code Website: www.ijlssr.com DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2017.3.4.26 According to the plant response to flooding or water logging areas is described in three distinct adaptations i.e. morphological adaptations, physiological adaptations and other adaptations. Hydrophytes can be defined "large plants'' (Macrophytes), such as aquatic mosses, liverworts, non-microscopic algae and vascular plants, which grow on a substrate that is at least periodically deficient of oxygen as a result of excessive water content. This term includes both aquatic plants and wetland plants . Submerged species serve as a food source for native fauna, habitat for invertebrates, and also possess filtration capabilities. For example: Sea grasses, Floating plants cover a large surface area in the wetland. They have small roots and are only found in slow-moving water. They provide food source for avian species, for example Water lilies etc. [4] Trees and shrubs are forested wetlands generally known as swamps . The upper level of these swamps is influenced by high water level, which is negatively affected by dams. ARTICLE RESEARCH Int. J. Life Sci. Scienti. Res., 3(4) JULY 2017 Copyright © 2015-2017| IJLSSR by Society for Scientific Research is under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International License Page 1254 For example: Taxodium, mangrove etc. The wetland also supports large number of fauna. Fishes are more dependent on wetland ecosystem than any other type of habitat. Tropical fishes need coral reefs for food and mangroves for hatchery and nursery grounds. Amphibians for example: frog is the most critical amphibian species present in the wetland . Wetlands are very useful to us. By producing resources, enabling recreational activities and controlling flood and pollution, they contribute to the national and local economies and environmental consequences. Wetlands provide important and incredible services to society, these services can neither be sold nor do they have the market value and tried to give wetlands an economic value . However, it is important to note that these studies tried to assign monetary values to the services and functions that are provided by wetlands . Moore and Peter [14] of this paper agreed with the argument of who confessed that economic values are something which must be inevitably used to legal conservation efforts of particular sites and regions; however, assigning monetary value comes with ethical and philosophical issues. India is a hub of biodiversity, encompassing a wide spectrum of habitats from tropical rain forests to alpine vegetation and from temperate forests to coastal wetlands. India contributes significantly to this latitudinal biodiversity trend with the mere 2.4% of the world's area. Wetlands are transitional zones between the terrestrial and aquatic environment . The present work is conducted to study the angiospermic diversity of wetlands in Yamuna Nagar. The research work includes finding the hydrophytes, field photography at its location and studying their habits and habitat. Further survey and intensive studies in different seasons will be helpful in drafting conservational strategies and management sustainable to restore the natural habitats of the Yamuna Nagar wetlands. MATERIALS AND METHODS Description of study area The present study has been carried out in the duration of the 1 week, March and till July month ending in the Year 2015 at the Department of Environmental Science, Guru Nanak Khalsa College, Yamuna Nagar, India. A thorough survey on the aquatic and wetland angiospermic macrophytes of the Yamuna Nagar district, Haryana was carried out for duration of six months, 2015 during, which regular excursions were made at short intervals to collect the plants of the area. During these periods of survey aquatic and wetland plants occurring in different aquatic bodies and water saturated areas of the district have been collected Plant species and it photography. The study area Yamuna Nagar is situated at the south-east of the state capital Chandigarh, India. It lies between the parallels of 31° 70' N latitude and 77° 18' E longitude and 255m above mean sea level of Haryana, India. It is one of the 21 district of Haryana, India. It occupies an area of 1,756 square kilometers. The climate of the district is sub-tropical and characterized by hot and dry summer in May and June, when the temperature raises up to 4°C, south-west monsoon season and a bracing cold season ≥5°C in December and January. The majority of rainfall is received in the rainy season (July to September) with the occasional rainfall due to western disturbances in January to February. The survey was done in the wetlands, within one km area on both the sides of four major roads diverging from Yamuna Nagar to many villages of Kalesar, Ladwa, Thana-chhappar and Kalanaur region were searched for the aquatic and wetland vegetation. The major area belongs to the fertile Indo-Gangetic Plains. The climate of the area is monsoonal and the majority of rainfall is received in the rainy season (July to September) with the occasional rainfall due to western disturbances in March to June. The average annual rainfall varies from 1200 to 1300 mm in this region. The main river/streams of the district are Yamuna, Markanda, Giri, Asan, and Bata Nala. The total wetland area in the district is 4893 ha and river/streams contribute 87%. The present work is conducted in the study of the angiospermic diversity of wetlands in Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India. Fig. 1: Study site of Yamuna Nagar district, Haryana, India Int. J. Life Sci. Scienti. Res., 3(4) JULY 2017 Copyright © 2015-2017| IJLSSR by Society for Scientific Research is under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International License Page 1255 The data was collected through secondary sources mainly from the website of Government of Haryana and Ministry Of Environment and Forest, Govt of India and Departmental library, References from research papers; books, articles, and newspaper were taken for interpretation of data. The present study is based on the extensive surveys on the wetlands representative parts of Yamuna Nagar, Haryana and scrupulous review of the information available on aquatic plants, while conducting the surveys on biodiversity including invasive plants of the above regions, information was also gathered from local inhabitants The methodology followed during the collection of material was as follows: CollectionThe pictures of the macropytes were taken in their natural environment. It was not possible to collect and preserve them in the herbarium sheets because many hydrophytes have spongy tissues carrying large amount of water and on drying they may even lose their shape. A few plants have been collected moist areas and placed in the folds of a newspaper. All morphological notes observed in the specimen were entered in the field notebook. PreservationThe collected and preserved specimens were then placed on blotting sheets and placed one above the other in plant press. These blotters, when kept under pressure, remove moisture from the plants and the moisture is absorbed by the blotting sheets. The wet blotting sheets were replaced with dry ones from time to time. The process was completed in a week or more, depending upon the particular plant types, the dry specimens were kept in fresh blotting sheets and sealed in the polythene envelopes. IdentificationIdentification is the process through which a specimen is identified by its characters with the help of standard worldwide or Indian flora viz. [16-19] and others taxonomist. The specimen were identified by the genus and species keys and compared with full description and illustrations,


Agriculture ranks among the most dangerous industries. Farmers are at very high risk for incidents. Chemical products were used to alter life cycles of living pest organisms and improper handling of them is dangerous to involved people. However, acute poisoning during spraying operation is an important health problem among farm workers and operators, but there is a substantial lack of data and studies from Iran to investigate unsafe acts and conditions, poisoning prevalence and factors could be effective in fostering pesticide application safety. Data were collected on 110 rice farm households using surveys and field observations in Fars Province of southern Iran. Acute poisoning prevalence and unsafe acts and conditions affecting it were investigated. An unsafe composite score, translating unsafe acts and conditions into score was developed. Chi-square test was performed to assess the association of acute pesticide poisoning with pesticide applicators' characteristics and their unsafe acts and conditions. This study revealed that 12.7% of pesticide applicators suffered acute pesticide poisoning. The results showed pesticide applicators acute poisoning can be traced to unsafe practices in handling pesticide, personal protective behaviors and equipment malfunction. This study also showed None of applicators had received safety instruction. Safety training on proper pesticide handling could minimize chemicals risk factors. This study revealed how urgently needed such training programs are.


We present the persistent hyperspectral imaging of the New York City urban lightscape, with ~ 7.2 ×10−4 μm spectral resolution, surveyed over 25 consecutive summer nights over a 6 minute time resolution. We train a supervised classifier to automatically determine the location of light sources in each hyperspectral image. This work issues the first urban lightscape combined hyperspectral - multitemporal survey of its kind.


As society gradually enters a virtual, non-face-to-face society, the use of online content is increasing as well. In particular, as smartphones are thoroughly established in our daily life, the platforms of webtoons, mobile broadcasting, and education are shifting from personal computers to smartphones. Recently, the development of the Over-The-Top media service (OTT service) enabled streaming services of various media contents through the internet and activation of IPTV. Therefore, the rapid increase of popularity of short-form content is a natural phenomenon with smartphone platforms with fast, improvised, and endless communication. Lately, TikTok became the favored platform with prosumers, defined as people who are both producers and consumers. In this study, I studied the experiential response of YouTube and TikTok users as representative examples of a short-form content platform developed after the 2000s, the flourishing years of digital content with a length of 30 seconds.


Analysis of this case study supports the view that broad-based and continuous sanction is critical in the practice of action research. An attempt was made to create the conditions for change in an organisation by helping its members develop a statement of their philosophy of management. This was intended to provide a shared basis for action. Sanction for the change in values was not, however, sufficiently established. Members sensed this, particularly as they were exposed to conflicting messages from powerful figures. For instance, words often implied approval whereas action implied otherwise. Caught in this double bind, pivotal members first vacillated then withdrew their participation and support. The practitioners' position became untenable and the programme collapsed.


We performed a controlled parallel study comparing the effects of heparin sodium to epoprostenol sodium (prostacyclin sodium, Flolan) during hemodialysis in 30 dialysis patients. Mean fiber bundle volume loss and dialyzer function were similar with both anticoagulation methods. Intradialytic symptoms occurred in 100% of the epoprostenol dialyses and 88% of the heparin dialyses, but only 10/325 epoprostenol and 3/374 heparin dialysis were discontinued prematurely because of symptoms. Long-term hemodialysis with epoprostenol is safe and effective. Epoprostenol may be a suitable alternative to heparin in some dialysis settings.


The evacuation and abandonment of large passenger ships, involving thousands of passengers, is a safety-critical task where techniques and systems that can improve the complex decision-making process and the timely response to emergencies on board are of vital importance. Current evacuation systems and processes are based on predefined and static exit signs, information provided to the passengers in the form of evacuation drills, emergency information leaflets and public announcements systems. It is mandatory for passengers to wear lifejackets during an evacuation, which are made of buoyant or inflatable material to keep them afloat in the water. Time is the most critical attribute in ship evacuation and can significantly affect the overall evacuation process in case passengers do not reach their embarkation stations in a timely manner. Moreover, extreme conditions and hazards, such as fire or flooding, can prevent and hinder the timely evacuation process. To improve the current evacuation systems onboard large passenger ships, a smart lifejacket has been designed and implemented within the context of the project SafePASS. The proposed smart lifejacket integrates indoor localization and navigation functionality to assist passengers during the evacuation process. Once the passenger location is calculated within the ship, the navigation feature guides the passengers along an escape route using vibration motors attached to the lifejacket. This is done in the form of haptic cues to help passengers reach their destination, especially in low-visibility conditions and in case they are left behind or lost. This can increase passenger safety and reduce the total evacuation time, as well as support dynamic evacuation scenarios where the predefined routes and static exit routes may not be available due to fire or flooding incidents.


Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) films doped with Taurine ligands (PEDOT-Tau films) were deposited from aqueous solution and made sensitive towards Mg2+ or Ca2+ ions by conditioning in a mixture of 0.5 M Taurine with saturated magnesium or calcium hydroxide. Potentiometric responses towards selected cations as well as potential transient responses were described. The elemental analysis, morphology and topography were studied to elucidate potentiometric behavior of PEDOT-Tau films. The elemental analysis was made for freshly deposited and sensitized for magnesium and calcium films by using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-ray (EDAX) and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (LA-ICP-MS). The morphology and topography of such films were inspected by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).


Reports describing trials of exchange resins in removing cations from the gastrointestinal tract of experimental animals have been limited to toxicity studies and to measurements of the relative magnitudes of the oral intake and the stool output (1-3). In the experiments presented in this paper changes in serum, urine, and stool components, as well as the external and internal balances of certain electrolytes and of nitrogen have been determined in dogs receiving a carboxylic cation exchange resin in one of two forms. The chemical and physical characteristics of these agents have been described in detail in the introductory paper (4).


This work was supported by the Arthritis Foundation post doctoral fellowship (to K.S.V.), a GAANN training grant (to B.M.J.) and National Institutes of Health Grant No. R29 CA58947 (David Skalnik). We would like to thank Drs. David Skalnik, Diana Carlone and Diana Catt for helpful discussions. Address correspondence to Kui Shin Voo, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut Street, Cancer Research Building, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5225, USA. Internet: firstname.lastname@example.com


"I am a HAL 9000 computer, production number 3. I became operational at the HAL plant in Urbana, Illinois, on January 12, 1997."ý2001: A Space Odyssey


The printed circuit is now accepted as a convenient and economic method of interconnecting electronic components. However, the design of printed circuits (especially multilayer types) is both complicated and expensive. The system described here enables a logic or circuit diagram to be translated into a printed-circuit board within a few hours by using computer techniques. A milling machine is described which processes a standard printed-circuit board into the final circuit. However, if very large numbers of the same circuit are required, the machine can produce photographic masks to be used in the usual method of printing and etching of copper-clad laminates.


Parallel relay is an effective way to extend wireless communication distance. Employing multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relay can improve communication quality on a large scale, but the communication efficiency is reduced due to channel estimation. In this study, a mutual information-based estimate-and-forward scheme is proposed based on unitary space-time modulation in MIMO system. An equivalent transmission model is also constructed by regarding that the source signal is affected by a multiplicative factor and an additive noise. Based on this equivalent MIMO model, the generalized signal-to-noise ratio and global mutual information of the forwarding schemes are calculated. Error rate and mutual information analysis show that the proposed soft information forwarding can improve the reliability of parallel relaying system and has a better error rate performance than all the existing memory-less forwarding schemes.


ABSTRACT This is a well-written and reasonably comprehensive book which deals with the basic principles in planning and in design of programs for the residential treatment of disturbed children. The author, director of the Hawthorne Cedar Knolls School since 1941, devotes a good deal of the book to describing the past, the present, and some of the future hopes of his institution. This school has long been known for its pioneering efforts in the treatment of disturbed children, and its history is illuminating in regard to the many problems in this field of endeavor. Gradually over the years a therapeutic atmosphere replaced the older orientation and the move "from training to treatment" was really established in 1935. For the next 10 years there was an elaboration of this therapeutic orientation, with attempts to reconcile the old and the new methods. From 1945 on, there was still further elaboration of the treatment


The damages in wheel tread of the rail flaw detection trainsets for Qingzang Railway are analyzed.The causes to damages in wheel tread are found out,and corresponding suggestions are given.


Background-Our daily recommended use of potassium is 3.5 gm/day 1. Potassiumis a positive electrically charged particle called anions that takes part in carryingthe nerve impulses. In healthy person safe level of potassium varies between 3.7 and5.2 milliequivqnt per liter (mEq/L):8 Till the kidney functions are not compromisedphysiological level is maintained Even in low or high intake of potassium. Complicationof hyperkalemia is slow heart beat and weak pulse but in case of severe hyperkalemiathere may be stoppage of cardiac impulse.10In poorly controlled diabetes mellitus II more breakdown of adipose tissue due to lackof insulin cause more ketone production and ketoacidois. This ketoacidosis along withhyperglycemia tends to pull the potassium out the cell. The combination of shift outof potassium from the cell and diminished potassium excretion by the kidney leads tohyperkalemia in case of Diabetes Mellitus type II.Material and method 111 subjects having age between 30 to 55 both diabetic andnon diabetic were selected. 5 ml blood was collected by vein puncture and fastingblood sugar, serum potassium level and HbA1c was estimated in the department ofphysiology .Fractional excretion of potassium will be calculated by the formula givenbelow. Fractional excretion of potassium was calculated by the formula given below:FEK = ( Urine K/Serum K)/ (Urine Cr /Serum Cr) X 100 11Result - Serum Creatinine was within normal limit 8%Mean excretion of potassium in urine was 36 mg/dl and 38mg/dl in HbA1Crange between 5-5.6 % and 5.7-6.5 %respectively. in cases where HbA1C was > 8%excretion of potassium in urine was only 39mg/dl though it was increased a little42mg/dl when HbA1C range was 6.5-7.9%FEK was 8.1 till the HbA1C remains below 6.5% . FEK Gradually decreased to 7.5%in HbA1C range 6.6-6.9% and even more lower 6.8% when HbA1C was > 8%.Discussion -In Persistent poor control of blood sugar level kidney fails to handle thepotassium excretion and subsequently Serum potassium level begins to rise. kidneytries to maintain the serum potassium level not only by increasing the excretory rateof potassium .when the there was poor glycemic control ,i.e HbA1c was more the 8 %in spite of having more excretion of potassium.Conclusion- High level of potassium observed in case patients of diabetes mellitus.Regular check up of micro albumin in the urine ,Keeping the HB1Ac level below 7,by cutting down the intake of potassium in diet, progress of kidney disease in case ofDiabetes mellitus can be minimized.Key words: HbA1c–glycated hemoglobin.FEK Fractional excretion of potassium–FBS–Fasting Blood sugar


Seventy cases of placental abruption were studied. These occurred in 12,800 deliveries, an incidence of 4.8 per 1000. There were more female infants (34-56%) compared with males (27-44%). Sixteen infants were stillborn and one baby died in the neonatal period. Thirteen of the perinatal deaths occurred in male infants. We speculate that a higher metabolic rate in male infants may account for this sex difference.


Bates SR, Kazi AS, Tao J-Q, Yu KJ, Gonder DS, Feinstein SI, Fisher AB. Role of P63 (CKAP4) in binding of surfactant protein-A to type II pneumocytes. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 295: L658–L669, 2008. First published August 15, 2008; doi:10.1152/ajplung.90233.2008.—We have recently described a putative receptor for lung surfactant protein-A (SP-A) on rat type II pneumocytes. The receptor, P63, is a 63-kDa type II transmembrane protein. Coincubation of type II cells with P63 antibody (Ab) reversed the inhibitory effect of SP-A on secretagogue-stimulated surfactant secretion from type II cells. To further characterize SP-A interactions with P63, we expressed recombinant P63 protein in Escherichia coli and generated antibodies to P63. Immunogold electron microscopy confirmed endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane localization of P63 in type II cells with prominent labeling of microvilli. Binding characteristics of iodinated SP-A to type II cells in the presence of P63 Ab were determined. Binding (4°C, 1 h) of I-SP-A to type II cells demonstrated both specific (calcium-dependent) and nonspecific (calcium-independent) components. Ab to P63 protein blocked the specific binding of I-SP-A to type II cells and did not change the nonspecific SP-A association. A549 cells, a pneumocyte model cell line, expressed substantial levels of P63 and demonstrated specific binding of ISP-A that was inhibited by the P63 Ab. The secretagogue (cAMP)stimulated increase in calcium-dependent binding of SP-A to type II cells was blocked by the presence of P63 Ab. Transfection of type II cells with small interfering RNA to P63 reduced P63 protein expression, attenuated P63-specific SP-A binding, and reversed the ability of SP-A to prevent surfactant secretion from the cells. Our results further substantiate the role of P63 as an SP-A receptor protein localized on the surface of lung type II cells.


ABSTRACT. Ebbesen F. (Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark). Effect of exchange transfusion on serum reserve albumin for binding of bilirubin and index of serum bilirubin toxicity. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:643,.–Seventeen newborn infants, who received their first exchange transfusion due to hyperbilirubinaemia and/or rhesus haemolytic disease, were studied. The exchange transfusions were performed with fresh, citrated blood. During the exchange transfusion a marked increase in the serum reserve albumin concentration for binding of bilirubin measured by the [,4C]‐MADDS method was observed, followed by a smaller decrease after the transfusion. Plasma pH increased both during and after the exchange transfusion. During the exchange transfusion a drastic fall in index of serum bilirubin toxicity was observed, followed by a smaller increase after the transfusion. Citrate was not found to interfere in the binding of bilirubin to albumin. The results are in agreement with the clinical finding that an exchange transfusion performed with fresh, citrated blood effectively reduces the risk of bilirubin encephalopathy. The ratio in serum of binding albumin, i.e. bilirubin plus reserve albumin, to total albumin failed to be increased by the exchange transfusion, and a decrease occurred after the transfusion. These findings indicate the presence in infant serum of non‐binding albumin. Donor albumin with intact binding potential is partly transformed into the non‐binding variety in the course of one hour after the transfusion. In the most severely rhesus sensitized infant a drastic decline of the serum albumin binding capacity was seen during the first day of life.


John J. Kirton, PDr of International Relations, Director of the G8 Research Group, Associate Professor of Political Science, Research Associate of the Centre for International Studies and Fellow of Trinity College at the University of Toronto, Canada, E-mail: mailto:email@example.com article presents the translation of the paper "Why the World Needs G8 and G20 Summitry: the Prospects from 2010 and Beyond" prepared by John Kirton for the Center for Dialogue and Analysis on North America (CEDAN), Tecnologico de Monterrey (ITESM), Mexico City Campus, Mexico City in 11-12 March, 2010. The paper turns to the systematic, analytically grounded comparison of the G8 and G20 summits to answer two questions: Why does the world need the G8 and G20 summits? And what will be their relationship? It argues that the world needs both for the foreseeable future, because they do different jobs, because the G8 has proven it can do the job of both if need be, while the G20 has not yet shown it can do even its own job well. To develop this argument, the study first compares the two evolving institutions in their creation, mission, institutionalization, membership, participation, agenda, accountability, and durability, and finds that on most of these key institutional components, the G8 thus far has a superior claim. Second, it examines how well each institution has worked in accomplishing its core mission and in providing domestic political management, deliberation, direction setting, decision-making, delivery and the development of global governance. Third, it looks ahead to identify what the two institutions are likely to do at the G8 Muskoka Summit on June 25-26, the G20 Toronto Summit on June 26-27, and the G20 Seoul Summit on November 11-12. Fourth and finally, it looks at the prospective relationship between the two institutions, both now and beyond this year. The study concludes that they will work increasingly well with each other, for the greater global good.


Abstract We present results of femtoscopic analysis with K S 0 K S 0 , K ± K ± , pp , p ¯ p ¯ , p p ¯ and Λ Λ ¯ in Pb–Pb collisions at s NN = 2.76 TeV and K S 0 K S 0 in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV registered by ALICE at the LHC. The femtoscopic radius is extracted from the one-dimensional correlation functions. The analysis reveals that the emission source sizes of pions, kaons and protons measured in heavy-ion collisions exhibit approximate transverse mass scaling which is consistent with hydrodynamic collectivity prediction. Furthermore, baryon–antibaryon correlations are investigated to study the influence of Final State Interactions (annihilation). It may contribute to lower multiplicities of protons observed at LHC energies, with respect to predictions from thermal models.


The integral inequalities concerning the inverse Hardy inequalities have been studied by a large number of authors during this century, of these articles have appeared, the work of Sulaiman in 2012, followed by Banyat Sroysang who gave an extension to these inequalities in 2013. In 2020 B. Benaissa presented a generalization of inverse Hardy inequalities. In this article, we establish a new generalization of these inequalities by introducing a weight function and a second parameter. The results will be proved using the Hölder inequality and the Jensen integral inequality. Several the reverses weighted Hardy's type inequalities and the reverses Hardy's type inequalities were derived from the main results.


Anisotropy of mechanical properties of the cold rolling commercial pure aluminum plates with different rolling processes,and effect of the anisotropy on earing was studied by means of tensile and cupping tests.The results show that the aluminum plates presented diversity of anisotropy because of their different rolling processes,which resulted in different earings.Plastic strain ratio had the greatest effect on the earing.The smaller anisotropy of tensile properties corresponded to the less obviuos earing of the plates after deep drawing.Finished products with less than 2% earing rate were produced and satisfied the requirements of enterprise standard.


"My topic today is "Water for Cities." Necessarily, I will be talking mostly about the 124 cities served by the District. However, I believe much of what I say will apply to other cities of the Southwest and many cities all over the country."


Our study shows that the relatively under-studied VAT export rebate system is a major industrial policy of the Chinese authorities to support exports. We use city-specific export-quantity data at the HS6-product level over the 2003-12 period to assess how changes in the VAT export tax have affected China's export performance. We are particularly interested in how the impact of this policy varies within products across cities depending on how well connected the targeted product is to the local productive structure. Our difference-indifference estimates exploit an eligibility rule disqualifying some export flows from the rebates. Our results suggest that a one percent rise in the VAT export tax leads to a 6.6% relative decrease in eligible export quantities. We then show that the effectiveness of this export tax policy is magnified when it applies to products with denser links with the local productive structure. Hence export benefits from VAT export rebates are greater for cities that have the necessary capabilities and resources to carry out the activities supported by this rebate policy.


Abstract S100A13 is S100 family of EF-hand-containing calcium-binding protein involved in the secretion of some growth factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines lacking signal peptides. The involvement of S100A13 in cancer progression and inflammatory diseases has been reported. In this study, structures generated during atomistic molecular dynamics simulation were studied. Dynamical network analysis data revealed that native inter-protomer communication network driven principally by vdW interaction (~550 kj/mol) is altered (Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) C2- and Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-1-bound S100A13) or completely abolished (interleukin-1 (IL1)-α- and C2A-p40Syt1-bound S100A13) in protein-bound S100A13 homodimer. Bulk water density (weighted atomic density) around exposed S100A13 homodimer surface explored tends to follow the dynamical network lead as S100A13 homodimer appeared densely solvated in C2A-p40Syt1- and IL1)-α-bound states but not in RAGE C2- and FGF-1-bound biosystems. Furthermore, projection of radius of gyration and root mean square deviation (from native structure) variables of the generated structures along the 3D-free energy surface showed anti-parallel β-sheet proximal to Ca2+-binding loops-I/II in most metastable complexes retrieved from energy minima state with strong indications for β-sheet network formation during protein binding. Interaction between S100A13 homodimer and ligand–proteins may be dictated by the strength of vdW and electrostatic interaction with possible involvement of bulk water desolvation in some complexes. All these results strongly suggest that disruption of multiprotein receptor complex can be achieved by designing specific compounds targeting a specific aspect of S100A13/protein interaction; such drugs may have clinical usefulness in blocking angiogenesis, reversing cell proliferation and attenuating inflammatory processes.


This paper deal with the approximate controllability for the nonlinear functional differential control problem governed by the variational inequality. Sufficient conditions for the approximate controllability of the system are discussed under the bounded condition on the controller operator independent of the the time interval. We also prove the regularity and norm estimations for solutions of the given problems.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the law enforcement process, obstacles in supervision and law enforcement against criminal acts of violation of residence permits for foreign nationals in Class II TPI Belawan Immigration Offices. The research method used is an empirical legal research method. Empirical legal research is carried out by collecting primary data as the first source by going through empirical results obtained through interviews with the Head of Class II Immigration Office TPI Belawan. This research is a descriptive analysis which is analyzed qualitatively. Based on the results of this study, enforcement of foreign nationals who abuse their residence permits in the Belawan area in 2022 will be subject to Immigration Administration Actions in the form of prevention and deterrence, detention, delegation of detention centers and deportations. In the process of detaining foreign nationals prior to deportation, rights are given according to their basic daily needs. Obstacles in general are unresponsive coordination with embassies, minimal human resources for both immigration officials and PPNS in terms of supervision and law enforcement and relatively long time in completing case files. In particular, there are frequent tidal floods, unstable electrical voltage, and buildings that can be said to be unfit. Supporting factors are the presence of TIMPORA (Foreigner Monitoring Team); There is APOA (Alien Reporting Application).


The position and orientation of Stewart simulation platform was got from six struts' length by dynamic controlling virtual manipulator that has the same structure as the actual one. Firstly, the virtual manipulator's kinetic equation was transformed into first order dynamic system. Secondly, a feedback controller was designed for the dynamic system. Finally, the response of the closed-loop system was calculated by Shampine's numerical iterative computation algorithm during each sample period. The result of the proposed algorithm is convergent to the actual platform's true position and orientation, and the maximum iterative steps is fixed. Simulation result verifiesthe proposed approach with high precision and real-time property.


Acne type naevi are uncommon. We report a patient with what we have called an acne naevus occurring on the chest wall, The patient had moderately severe acne on the face and back, but only minimal lesions on the chest other than that at the site of the naevus. Investigations showed the naevus to be functionally active, there being at that site an increase in the sebum excretion rate and hypercornification of the pilosebaceous ducts. He responded to conventional treatment.


The limited efficacy of chemotherapy with Taxol (TAX) and cisplatin (DDP) in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) has prompted the investigation of combined therapies. Previous studies demonstrated that microRNA (miR)‐31‐5p is involved in various biological processes. In the present study, it was hypothesized that the overexpression of miR‐31‐5p may enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy. The expression levels of miR‐31‐5p in the TNBC cell lines MDA‐MB‐231 and MDA‐MB‐468 were measured using reverse transcription‐quantitative PCR following transfection with miR‐31‐5p mimic or inhibitor. A Cell Counting Kit‐8 and flow cytometry assays suggested that the overexpression of miR‐31‐5p inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis, and these effects were reversed by transfecting a miR‐31‐5p inhibitor into MDA‐MB‐231 and MDA‐MB‐468 cells. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR‐31‐5p increased the sensitivity of cells to chemotherapy, which exhibited an increase in apoptosis and in the expression level of Bax, and a decrease in the expression level of Bcl‐2. Chemotherapy resistance induced by miR‐31‐5p inhibitor could be reversed by inhibiting the AKT signaling pathway in MDA‐MB‐231 and MDA‐MB‐468 cells. In conclusion, the present preclinical results indicated that targeting miR‐31‐5p may enhance the efficacy of TAX‐ and DDP‐mediated chemotherapy in TNBC.


Nitric oxide (NO; 1 μM) or an NO donor (500 μM diethylenetriamine‐nitric oxide, DETA‐NONOate) caused rapid glutamate and ATP release from cultured rat cortical astrocytes. NO‐induced glutamate release was prevented by calcium chelators (EGTA or BAPTA‐AM) and an inhibitor of vesicular exocytosis (botulinum neurotoxin C, BoTx‐C), but not by a glutamate transport inhibitor, L‐trans‐pyrrolidine‐2,4‐dicarboxylate (t‐PDC), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin), or an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase 1H‐[1,2,4]oxadiazolo‐[4,3‐a]quinoxalin‐1‐one (ODQ), and was not induced by mitochondrial respiratory inhibitors (myxothiazol or azide). Similarly to glutamate, NO‐induced ATP release was also completely blocked by BAPTA‐AM and BoTx‐C, suggesting again a vesicular, calcium‐dependent mechanism of release. Addition of DETA‐NONOate (500 μM) to fura‐2–loaded astrocytes induced a rapid, transient increase in intracellular calcium levels followed by a lower, sustained level of calcium entry. The latter was blocked by gadolinium (1 μM), an inhibitor of capacitative Ca2+ entry. Thus, NO appears to cause rapid exocytosis of vesicular glutamate and ATP from astrocytes by raising intracellular calcium levels. Astrocytes activated by lipopolysaccharide/endotoxin and interferon‐γ to express inducible NO synthase (iNOS) maintained substantially higher extracellular glutamate levels than nonactivated cells or activated cells treated with an iNOS inhibitor (1400W), but the rate of glutamate uptake by these cells was similar. This suggests that NO from inflammatory‐activated astrocytes causes release of astrocytic glutamate. NO‐induced release of astrocytic glutamate and ATP may be important in physiological or pathological communication between astrocytes and neurons. GLIA 40:312–323, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

http://www2.neuroscience.umn.edu/eanwebsite/PDF GJClub/Glia 40 312 2002.pdf


Background : In order to investigate the structural abnormalities in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), the volumes of the hippocampus and frontal lobe were measured. Methods : Nineteen JME patients and 19 age- and sex-matched normal controls underwent a 1.6 mm thick brain SPGR MRI. The volumes of the frontal lobe and hippocampus were measured with a volume of interest method. The differences of volumes between JME and normal groups were com- pared. The volumes were also compared between the early and late onset groups, and between the short and long seizure duration groups. The correlations between the volumes of the frontal lobe, hippocampus, or mid-sagittal area of the corpus callosum, and the age of seizure onset or the duration of disease were tested. Results : The cerebral volume was not found to be different between the JME and normal groups ( p=0.521). The left hippocampus was significantly smaller in the JME group ( p=0.032) while the left frontal lobe was significantly larger in the JME group ( p=0.004). The area of the rostral body of corpus callosum showed a significant positive correlation with the age of onset (r=0.561, p=0.012). The right frontal lobe volume showed a significant negative correlation with the duration of disease (r=- 0.511, p=0.025). Conclusions : These results imply that JME has volume changes in the frontal lobe and hippocampus. The volume reduction of the right frontal lobe in patients with a longer disease duration may suggest a progressive nature of JME. The smaller rostral body of the corpus callosum in patients with earlier seizure onset may suggest an ontogenic abnormality of JME. J Korean Neurol Assoc 21(1):54~61, 2003


An electromagnetic wavelength-scale numerical analysis of optical characteristics of multinanolayer photovoltaic (PV) cells based on Si p-i-n type absorber with non-periodic (chirped) distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) on the top of the structure mounted on a metallic layer and SiO2 substrate is performed. Computer modelling of absorbing, reflecting and transmitting characteristics of multinanolayer PV cells with chirped DBR mirrors is performed by the method of single expression (MSE). Influence of layers of chirped DBRs on optical characteristics of multinanolayer PV cells is analysed by observing the localization of the electric component of optical field and power flow distribution within the structures. The modelling results will have a scientific and practical importance for optimization of operation of thin-film multinanolayer PV cells with broadband resonant reflectors on the subject of enhancement of their efficiency.


Objective To investigate the knowledge level related to Medical Device Administration Events(MDAE) among healthcare professionals. Methods Stratified sampling,cluster sampling and random sampling were adopt together and a questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 897 subjects. Results Healthcare professionals had a low level about knowledge of MDAE and medical device post-market monitoring. There are difference between the healthcare professionals in different hospital. Conclusion The coverage and pertinence of training about MDAE for healthcare professionals should be enhanced to improve their perceptions,and to promote their abilities for MDAE monitoring,and to reduce the incidence rate of MDAE.


The SIREN project aims at developing a serious game which educates young people on how to resolve conflicts. At ITU we design a social multiplayer sub-game that revolves around the everyday life within a virtual village. Since the applicability of theoretical models of conflict to the interaction space of a digital game is limited, we implemented a prototype that allows for a better modeling of the actual user experience. The prototype fits well into an iterative design process, since it allows for gathering data from actual use cases which will inform the design of the final adaptive system. 1 The SIREN Project: Teaching Conflict Resolution Being able to resolve interpersonal conflicts in a constructive manner is a vital social skill which is best taught in early years, using teaching tools that are appropriate and engaging for children. The SIREN project [1] aims at developing a serious game which supports teachers to educate young people on how to resolve conflicts. Both conflict experience and conflict resolution involve a wide range of emotional states. In [2] we described five phases involved in our conflict modeling process. Each phase requires affective player modelling for an adaptive software to be able to react appropriately. This is especially true for an educational game about conflict where these emotions can not be left to chance. The final SIREN serious game will consist of several minigames, interconnected by a common diegesis. At ITU we design a social multiplayer game that revolves around the everyday life within a virtual village. Players take the roles of villagers, and will become engaged in conflicts that arise from resource concurrency as well as from the social interdependecies of the characters. The game design is informed by theoretical models of conflict [2] as well as role-playing exercises conducted with the target audience. However the applicability of these findings to the interaction space of a digital game is limited. A prototype game allows for a much closer modeling of the actual user experience. 2 Prototype Requirements A first technology demonstrator for an adaptive serious game for teaching conflict resolution has been presented by Grappiolo et al. in [3]. The function of its successor in the game design process is to provide an overall experience matching that of the final product as much as possible. It is being built to serve two purposes: a) to allow the target audience to preview the game, and gather early feedback on conceptual and visual design, handling, and the ability to evoke emotional responses, and b) to collect qualitative and quantitative feedback on example conflict scenarios. The analysis of these data sets will be used to devise conflict intensity detection heuristics and inform the design of the user model. These two demands lead to a set of mandatory features to be implemented. The prototype has to be of multiplayer capacity, visually convincing, and incorporate resource management as well as social interaction. Technical requirements are the ability to record and play back gameplay, as well as logging a rich set of interaction data to infer the emotional user model from. This comprehensive list of demands naturally conflicts with the ubiquitous constraints of a research project. The time frame is limited, calling for rapid prototyping techniques. The prototype production must be cost-effective and consume little manpower. 3 Implementation and Status


West Nile Virus (WNV) can cause neurological disease and death in people. Culex pipiens is the suspected vector in the transmission of WNV. The objective of this study is to review the history of transmission foci in order to help the implementation of an effective and permanent human surveillance in North Africa. West Nile fever first appeared in Algeria in 1994 and was responsible for 20 cases, including 8 deaths. In 1997, a second epidemic was reported in Tunisia, with 173 cases, including 8 deaths. In Morocco, an epizootic was reported in 1996 with 42 equidae. North of Cairo was the first place where WNV was isolated in Egypt in 1950. The re-emergence of WNV cases in the following years confirms an enzootic circulation of the virus in North Africa. West Nile virus has and will remain a formidable clinical and public health problem hence the necessity of prevention against this disease. To cite this article [Tabbabi, A., & Bekhti, K. (2017). A review of West Nile Virus and its Potential Vector (Culex pipiens) in North Africa. The Journal of Middle East and North Africa Sciences, 3(6), 9-12]. (P-ISSN 24129763) (e-ISSN 2412-8937). www.jomenas.org. 3


The aim of this randomized observational study was to evaluate the effect of measuring the incisor-carina distance by fiberoptic bronchoscopy in guiding the placement of a left-sided double-lumen endobronchial tube. Fifty patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists class I-II) undergoing elective thoracic procedures requiring single-lung ventilation using a left-sided double-lumen endobronchial tube were evaluated. Patients were randomly divided into either group M, in which a left-sided double-lumen endobronchial tube was placed by measuring the incisor-carina distance with fiberoptic bronchoscopy, or group B, in which the endobronchial tube was placed by blind insertion and then confirmed with fiberoptic bronchoscopy. After placement, tube position was assessed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy and cases requiring adjustment were recorded. The intubation time and postoperative adverse reactions related to intubation were also recorded. We conclude that compared with blind placement, this method can reduce total intubation time, increase the rate of accurate placement, and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions related to intubation. It is relatively simple and reliable, and is useful in clinical application.


Caching popular contents at base stations (BSs) of a heterogeneous cellular network (HCN) reduces latency in content delivery and alleviates congestion in backhaul networks. Despite the existence of many sub-optimal strategies for content placement, the optimal ones for HCNs remain largely unknown and are investigated in this paper. To this end, we adopt the popular HCN model where BSs are modeled as K tiers of independent Poisson point processes (PPPs). Further, the random caching scheme is considered where each of a database of M files with corresponding popularity measures is placed at each BS of a particular tier with a corresponding probability, called placement probability. The probabilities are identical for all BSs in the same tier but vary over tiers, giving the name tier- level content placement. The network performance is measured by hit probability, defined as the probability that a file requested by the typical user is delivered successfully to the user. Consider the case of a uniform received signal-to- interference (SIR) threshold for successful transmissions. The optimal policy is derived in a simple form allowing sequential computation of the optimal placement probabilities. The result shows that the probability for a particular file-and-tier combination is a monotone increasing function of the file's popularity and the tier's density, transmis- sion power and storage capacity. Furthermore, for the general case of non-uniform SIR threshold, the optimization problem is non-convex and a sub-optimal placement policy is designed by approximation. The close- to-optimal policy has a similar structure as that in the previous case.


Locations of gliomas may influence clinical presentations, molecular profiles, treatment options, and prognoses. Using the Mayo Clinic Arizona Cancer Center registry, we analyzed the frequency at which gliomas were identified in different regions of the brain. We evaluated molecular profiles, clinical courses and survival by anatomic location.

 Registry was queried to include patients with glioma over a 10-year period. Statistical analyses were used to compare demographic, genetic, and clinical characteristics among patients with gliomas in different locations.

 182 gliomas were identified. Of the tumors confined to a single lobe, there were 51 frontal (28.0%), 50 temporal (27.5%), 22 parietal (12.1%), and 7 occipital tumors (3.8%) identified. Multifocal disease was noted in 38 patients (20.9%). Tumors affecting temporal lobe were associated with reduced overall survival when compared to all other tumors (11.0 months vs. 13.0 months, log-rank p=0.0068). However, this disparity became insignificant when adjusted for tumor grade, age, and surgical approach [HR(95% CI) 1.26(0.87, 1.82), p=0.212]. Out of 82 cases tested for IDH-1, 10 were mutated (5.5%). IDH-1 mutation was present in 6 frontal, 2 temporal, 1 thalamic, and 1 multifocal tumor. Out of 21 cases tested for 1p19q deletions, 12 were co-deleted, 9 of which were frontal lobe tumors. MGMT methylation was assessed in 45 cases; 7 of 14 frontal tumors and 6 of 13 temporal tumors were methylated. ATRX loss was detected in 2/42 assessed cases.

 Our results support the hypothesis that the anatomical locations of gliomas influence patients' clinical courses. Tumors involving the temporal lobe were associated with poorer survival, though this association appeared to be driven by these patients' more aggressive tumor profiles and higher risk baseline demographics. Molecular analysis was limited by low prevalence of genetic testing in the study sample, highlighting the importance of capturing this information for all gliomas.


Thiophene derivatives are aromatic five-membered ring compounds made up of one sulfur
as heteroatom. These compounds are present in a large number of natural and unnatural compounds
with valuable bioactivities. Many of them have a wide range of applications in medicinal chemistry
such as antimicrobial, anticancer, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive activities.
Some of them are famous drugs in the market nowadays such as Cefoxitin, Cephalothin, Cephaloridine,
Temocillin, tinoridine, tiaprofenic acid, tenoxicam, suproprofen and Raltitrexed. The use of
thiophene derivatives has also been found in other fields. The application of thiophenes in organic
materials thanks to their electronic properties has been reported. In organic synthesis, thiophenes
have also drawn the attention of chemists because of their values as intermediates. The employment
of thiophene derivatives in agrochemicals, flavors, and dyes has also been found. Due to diverse applications,
the synthesis of thiophene derivatives has attracted a lot of attention. Numerous known
synthetic methods such as Gewald and Fiesselmann methods have been modified and improved. Furthermore,
a large number of novel synthetic approaches to the synthesis of thiophenes have been developed.
This review will focus on considerable studies on the synthesis of thiophenes which date
back from 2012. In this review, we discussed recent achievement in the synthesis of thiophene derivatives.
Some established methods have been modified and improved, while other novel methods have
been discovered. Diverse catalysts were employed for these transformations. In some syntheses, reaction
mechanisms were also displayed. Many methods for the synthesis of thiophenes have been developed
recently. In the near future, more imaginative approaches for the synthesis of thiophenes will
be investigated to improve the efficiency and versatility or the use of environmentally friendly and
economical procedures for thiophene synthesis will be proposed. Application to natural product synthesis
and drug synthesis is probably the next challenge in the field.


The right to peaceful assembly and association have been central to the notion of human rights since their very first iterations. A selection of key peaceful protest movements in the 21st century shows that the movements themselves are expressing demands that are in line with the human rights approach (Ortiz et al. 2022). Among the main findings is that over half of protest movements incorporate some economic or social justice demand (higher wages, jobs, housing, healthcare, pensions…). This article looks at protest movements that have demands that are linked to rights expressed by the UN International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (United Nations 1966). Though protesters do not express their demands in the language of human rights, their demands for social justice are mostly already enshrined in the declaration. The author compares demands of economic justice to their counterpart in terms of rights, stressing the need for countries to reexamine their own policies considering these protests or potentially face escalating social unrest.
Received: 20 July 2022 Accepted: 30 November 2022


Arduino is an open-source platform that combines the use of microcontrollers with a user-friendly interface. With these microcontrollers, it is possible to read all kinds of sensors as well as manage actuators based on readings and codes previously programmed by the user. For audio transducers, like microphones and loudspeakers, some adjustment circuits are necessary. The signal provided by the microphone is too small in amplitude to be sampled by the microcontroller. Therefore, a preamplifier circuit must be designed. In a similar way, a loudspeaker may not be attached directly to the controller's output without a driver circuit. The primary goal of this paper is to demonstrate and analyze signal conditioning circuits for audio transducers designed to work with Arduino platforms (input and output). Furthermore, a frequency analysis is carried out to determine the expected coloration in the recording signal.


Mythology and mythological consciousness as a phenomenon rooted in the primitive society. They are an attempt to generalized view of the world. A clear, firm mythologi-cal structure of the world is a kind of base on which emerges and develops human nature. The article considers the role of mythology in the formation and development of the world culture. The article describes the main forms of mythology (totem, chthonic, traditional) and cul-ture. It provides an analysis of the manifestations of syncre-tism myth and primitive culture, such as the awareness of the unity of man and nature, the awareness of the unity of man with their kinds, the integrity of the culture. Moreover the arti-cle shows close relationship between the mythical and magical consciousness.


Background: Non-water-soluble iron compounds have been reported to be less well absorbed than ferrous sulfate in young children, and concern has been raised about their usefulness as food fortificants. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the usefulness of ferrous fumarate and ferric pyrophosphate, compared with ferrous sulfate, in maintaining hemoglobin concentrations .105 g/L in Bangladeshi children.


Objective: To study the effect of Glycyrrhiza Polysaccharide to the immunity function of mice. Method: Glycyrrhiza Polysaccharides were given (ig) to mice for experiment in different doses. After two weeks, carbon expurgation, lymphopoiesis and blood serum hermolysin were carried out on the mice. Results: The results showed that different doses of Glycyrrhiza Polysaccharide could promote the immunity activity of mice obviously and the effect depended on the dose. Conclusion: Glycyrrhiza Polysaccharides can improve advance the immunity of healthy mice.


Background: To understand explosive hydrogen burning in stars and to explore various explosive scenarios such as type I x-ray bursts (XRBs), reliable reaction rates are needed. The cross sections for radiative proton capture on near-dripline nuclei are necessary for the determination of the reaction rates, but cannot be measured directly.


ABSTRACT There is a pressure recovery when a two-phase mixture passes through a pipe enlargement. This paper describes an experimental project for the determination of this pressure recovery in air-solids systems. The solids used are medium size wax and lucite particles. Two pipe diameter ratios were investigated, 0.63 and 0.76. The Reynolds numbers for the experiments varied between 45000 and 72000 and the loading ratios were low to intermediate (up to 6), it was observed that the major part of the pressure recovery in these mixtures was due to the air alone and that only a small part of it (up to 25%) was due to the deceleration of solid particles.


This dataset combines the 17 Cefas Data Sources described separately into a single file containing over 10 million records. Data sources include the Cefas Coastal Temperature Network, Fishing Survey System, Oceanographic Archive, Plankton Survey System, Ferry Route and Ferry Box data, SmartBuoy & Defra WaveNet data, data from divers and fish tags, the Lowestoft Sample management System, specialist cruises and research projects, ScanFish and deployed equipment mounted CTD loggers. The Main area covered is the UK Continental Shelf with data as far west as Greenland and east as Svalbard. The multiple sources are described in 17 separate metadata entries under the same Title, e.g. Seawater temperature records for the UK Shelf - 15 - RV Cefas Endeavour FerryBox Monitoring System.


This thesis focuses on a new modification to VAT reverse charge in the Czech Republic. It has been in place since 1 April 2012 and is stipulated in the provisions of § 92a of Act 235/2004 on Value Added Tax, as subsequently amended. The role of taxes in the economy is described in the theoretical part, which additionally quotes the exact provisions of said Act on Value Added Tax, relating to the question of applying the VAT reverse charge mechanism in the country. The practical part describes the application of actually conducted and received taxable transactions. Concurrently, a newly proposed method is draw up in order to avoid errors when applying the VAT reverse charge mechanism.


Contemporary international relations have been witnessing many armed conflicts. As usual, they do not cause dissolution of states due to the factors that include adaptation of economies to extraordinary conditions with common and specific features of country cases. The need of analyzing them to find ways for conflicts' settlement explains the theoretical importance of the article. Facing the diversity of notions describing conflicts, the author assumes existence of a notion of economy of an intra-state armed conflict (EISAC). Such hypothesis looks new exploiting two groups of arguments based on content analysis and empiric materials accumulated during the author's stints as a diplomat in Damascus. Firstly, any EISAC has closer links with the conflict itself than the relevant state. It can emerge under scenarios of "failed state" (Somalia), "partially failed state" (Afghanistan, Libya, Yemen), parallel economies (Syria), a formal split of a state (South Sudan), or in more than a country (ISIS). Secondly, Libya, Syria, and Yemen have proved that the EISAC does not mean manipulation with meanings of similar definitions including a wartime militarized economy or a peace-time defense sector (USSR, North Korea) not correlating with the crisis generating economy (Lebanon) or the sanctioned economy (Iraq:1980-2003, Iran). Also, it does not make a hyponym of the economy in a conflict inspired by foreign aggression (Kuwait: 1990-1991). Yet, the scale of damage caused by foreign aggressions could be compared with that resulting from intra-state conflicts. Syria has been chosen as its economy has acquired classical features of the EISAC.


With the increasingly precise and sensitive nature of space payload, the impact and vibration of the on-orbit unlocking process have become more serious. There is a particular need to develop a device to replace the traditional pyrotechnic device for the reliable connection and low-shock separation for space payloads. In this article, according to the demand of low impact and rapid release of space heavy load, an unlocked trigger device based on shape memory alloy fiber was proposed. Based on the material characteristics of shape memory alloy, the theoretical modeling and analysis of the unlocking trigger device were performed. Combined with the constitutive equation of shape memory alloy and typical boundary conditions, the stress–strain–temperature relationship of shape memory alloy fiber under one-dimensional state was deduced and obtained. A comprehensive performance test of the unlocking trigger device was designed and produced based on the requirement of the space application environment, and the response characteristics and actuation characteristics of shape memory alloy actuator were obtained. Based on the design requirements, a development and experimental study of the prototype shape memory alloy unlock trigger device was conducted. The results demonstrate that the unlocking device based on a shape memory alloy fiber designed in this article has fast unlocking response characteristics and good environmental adaptability, which can provide technical support for space applications of large space load and low-impact locking mechanisms.


Description of the ground-based solar radiation monitoring complex is presented. Complex is equipped with the state-of-the-art solar radiation sensors, sun-tracking unit and electronics, sunphotometer, ozonometer, and automatic weather station. Total ozone content in column of atmosphere, solar broadband irradiances from UV-B to the far IR, spectral aerosol optical thickness, retrieved column integrated aerosol optical and microphysical characteristics, and main surface meteorological elements are measured at this ground station. Some preliminary results of atmosphere and solar radiation observations carried out at the ground based solar radiation station are presented.


The thrust allocation problem of the dynamic positioning system for semi-submersible drilling platform can be modeled as a nonlinear optimization problem. Because this problem is non-convex and has a lot of parameters, it is suitable to be solved by using swarm intelligence algorithm. Based on the characteristics of the thrust allocation problem, this paper optimizes the "discovery" parameter of the cuckoo search algorithm and uses the improved cuckoo search algorithm to solve the thrust allocation problem of the semi-submersible drilling platform. The results show that compared with genetic algorithm and cuckoo search algorithm, the improved cuckoo search algorithm has faster convergence speed and higher convergence accuracy.


Based on the traditional algorithm,the paper presented a new method which used multi-weighted terms to judge the road edge.Made full use of the physical characteristics of the road,and made the road edge pixels context as a judge,in order to recognize the edges segment of the road.According to the characteristics of the road parallel lines and certain width,bridge-link mode found out the corresponding points on two marginalized segment and connected the one-to-one points in order to achieve road extraction.Experimental results demonstrate the algorithm can eliminate features and noise,effectively improve the accuracy and velocity of the road extraction.


Thailand is the third largest net virtual water exporter in relation to crop trade with the volume of 47 billion m3/yr. Thus, one of the reasons of water scarcity in Thailand is possibly due to the export of the agricultural sector. Maize is one of twelve economic field crops of Thailand, which is essential to the stock feed industry. In this study, water footprint of maize in Thailand was calculated in details by using the monthly production statistics, daily Meteorological date and crop coefficient experimented in Thailand. There are 3 steps in the computation as follows: 1. Calculate the maize evapotranspiration 2. Evaluate the crop water use by the soil water balance method in root zone 3. With the crop yield and fertilization data, water footprint is calculated. The results of this study show that the country-averaged water footprint of maize in Thailand equals to 1,132 m3/ton comprised of 894 m3/ton green and 237 m3/ton grey water footprints. Since maize cultivation is mostly in the rain-fed area (99.2%), the blue water footprint in this study. Is negligible Udonthani province has the highest water footprint of maize (1,368 m3/ton), while Phichit the lowest (953 m3/ton). Comparing with the results of Mekonnen and Hoekstra (2010), this study shows the similar value of the country-averaged green water footprint of maize. However, the grey water footprint was found to about double of previous study.


The need to preserve operating room (OR) scheduling flexibility can challenge adherence to the 2‐h pre‐operative fasting period recommendation before elective surgery. Our primary objective was to assess the feasibility of a pre‐operative carbohydrate (CHO) drink delivery strategy preserving OR scheduling flexibility.


This research entitled Maintaining Growth of Cassava Leaves (Manihot esculenta Cranzt) through Mulching, Types of Cultivars, and Buds Cutting Intervals. The experiment was carried out in Balesari Village, Windusari District, Magelang Regency within six months. The aim is to study the growth patterns of cassava leaf shoots and to collect factual practice about the cultivation of cassava leaf which was not yet widely available. A faktorial experiment (2x2x3) which was repeated three times in a completely randomized design. This experiment tested the use of black silver plastic mulch, two cassava Rengganis cultivars, and Indung, with three levels of bud cutting intervals 45, 50 and 55 days after planting. Each treatment was repplicated three times. The results of this experiment indicate that the growth of shoots, namely the weight and length of buds formed is strongly influenced by the type of mulch, cultivar and shoot cutting intervals. Shoot shoots that grow with plastic mulch are better and shoot cutting intervals can also improve shoot shoots. While shoot lengths that grow on Rengganis cultivars are longer than Indung cultivars, there are interactions betweenplastic mulch, cultivars and cutting intervals


Innovations for Poverty Action applies rigorous research techniques to develop and test solutions to real-world problems faced by the poor in developing countries. Contributions to this research made by a member of The Financial Access Initiative and Innovations for Poverty Action.


Abstract The psychophysicist S.S. Stevens developed a measurement scale typology that has dominated social statistics methodology for almost 50 years. During this period, it has generated considerable controversy among statisticians. Recently, there has been a renaissance in the use of Stevens's scale typology for guiding the design of statistical computer packages. The current use of Stevens's terminology fails to deal with the classical criticisms at the time it was proposed and ignores important developments in data analysis over the last several decades.


This paper analyzes the strong and weak points of current E mail systems, and thus brings forward one kind of methods to notify the E mail receiver while a new mail is coming. The notification system observably improves the responding time of mail retrieving. . Then based on given hardware and software environment, the system framework and implementations are also discussed in detail.


BACKGROUND
Myofibrillar proteins, the main contributors to the quality of meat products, are the main structural protein component of muscle and have functional properties such as the formation of a three-dimensional protein gel network and water binding. The susceptibility of meat-derived proteins to heat-induced aggregation is the functional constraint that hinders their applications in industry, so establishing an effective but simple method to improve their thermostability of the proteins is of great importance.

RESULTS
In this work, we describe an easy approach to perform high colloidal thermostability of both paramyosin and actin by simply mixing them at low ionic strength. The improvement in thermal stability was found to be derived from intermolecular interactions between these two different proteins through noncovalent binding with each other. Consequently, such interactions protected each of them from thermal-induced degradation as compared to individual components. Notably, this binary native protein mixture rather than single paramyosin or actin component has the ability to form protein hydrogels with a shear-thinning and reversible sol-gel transformation behavior, which is markedly different from most of reported heat-induced, denatured protein hydrogels.

CONCLUSION
This work not only presents a facile and effective strategy for improvement of the thermal stability and gel properties of a binary paramyosin and actin mixture, but also enhances our understanding of how mutual interactions of protein components affect their physicochemical and functional properties. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Octadecyl methyl dihydroxyethyl ammonium bromide(OMDAB)was used in polypropylene(PP)as antistatic agent.The moisture absorption and thermal stability of OMDAB were investigated.The influence of OMDAB on antistatic property of PP was studied.Crystallization behavior was explored by Xray diffraction(XRD)and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).The thermal property of PP was studied by thermogravimetric analysis(TG).The test results showed that the moisture absorption of OMDAB was greater than the commonly used antistatic agent SN because of multi-hydroxyl group.After adding 0.3%(mass)of OMDAB into PP surface resistivity of the blend decreased to 1.05×1011Ω7d later.The blend had good antistatic durability and launderability.When humidity increased by every 10% or ambient temperature increased from 10℃ to 30℃,surface resistivity of the blend decreased by one order of magnitude.OMDAB did not change crystal structure of PP but reduced the rate of crystallization.Thermal stability of PP was weakened by OMDAB.


Interactive image and video search tools typically use a grid-like arrangement of thumbnails for preview purpose. Such a display, which is commonly known as storyboard, provides limited flexibility at interactive search and it does not optimally exploit the available screen estate. In this paper we design and evaluate alternatives to the common two-dimensional storyboard. We take advantage of 3D graphics in order to present image thumbnails in cylindrical arrangements. Through a user study we evaluate the performance of these interfaces in terms of visual search time and subjective performance.


Editor During the Covid-19 pandemic there have been wide-scale cancellations of elective surgery due to resource limitations, concerns for adverse patient outcomes, and risk of nosocomial transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)1,2. This practice change has been supported by the high perioperative mortality rate seen in adult surgical patients with SARS-CoV-23. However, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children undergoing surgery is poorly understood. CovidSurg is a multicentre, observational, international cohort study of surgical patients with SARSCoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. Detailed methodology has been reported previously3. To better understand the surgical risks for children with SARS-CoV-2, we summarized outcomes in children from CovidSurg who had surgery between January 1 and April 30, 2020. Of the 5,388 patients in CovidSurg within this timeframe, 88 were children 16 years of age or younger. Data were contributed by 52 hospitals in 21 countries. 56 (63⋅6%) patients were boys. Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 was preoperative in 48 (56%). Most children underwent emergency surgery (89%). Benign disease was the most frequent indication for surgery (81%) followed by trauma (11%) and cancer (8%). Full demographic data are presented in the Supplementary Appendix. Overall, the 30-day postoperative mortality rate in children was 1⋅1% (1/88). Pulmonary complications (pneumonia, unexpected postoperative ventilation, and/or acute respiratory distress syndrome) Fig. 1 30-day postoperative mortality rate for patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection stratified by age. Adult data from previously published analysis3


T chapter reports results from three behavioral experiments done in the villages of Teci and Dalomo on Yasawa Island in Fiji. We performed the dictator game (DG), the strategy method ultimatum game (UG), and the third-party punishment game (TPG), as explained in chapter 3. For comparison to an established reference population, we also performed an identical set of experiments among U.S. undergraduates at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia. Five major results emerged from these behavioral experiments:


Procedure for calculating an ophthalmic lens and corresponding lens. The method comprises the steps of: [a] calculation and construction of a computer model of an initial lens from a given prescription, [b] route calculation optical path for each of a ray through the computer model, by first ray tracing, [c] determining the first equivalent surface of a lens equivalent to the initial lens, [d] the second raytracing through the first equivalent surface and calculating each of its refracted in passing through addresses, [ e] calculating its final position on the second surface equivalent, considering that travels the same distance into the lens equivalent first tracing rays within the initial lens. The calculated equivalent lens is the ophthalmic lens of the invention.


Several state-of-the-art reflection seismic surveys have been completed in high-temperature geothermal areas of the northern Basin and Range province. The survey data have been made public through the Department of Energy/Division of Geothermal Energy Industry Coupled and Exploration Technology programs. Data were studied for the Stillwater, Dixie Valley, Beowawe, San Emidio, and Soda Lake resource areas. Reflection quality, and hence usefulness of the reflection method, can be highly variable in the complex basin and range environment. Certainly survey design and proper processing are required to enhance the quality of the data. The most severe geologic condition appears to be the presence of surface, or near surface, layered volcanic rocks. These result in strong early reflections, substantial ringing and poor energy penetration to depth, as at Beowawe. In areas of thick alluvial cover, or Tertiary gravels and lake bed sedimentation (San Emidio, Soda Lake, Stillwater), data quality is often sufficient to map basin border faults and major displacements on volcanic or bedrock surfaces beneath 2,000 to 4,000 ft (609 to 1,219 m) of cover. Faulting is indicated primarily by the systematic termination of coherent reflections. Diffraction patterns are sometimes recognized but commonly obscured by the complex faulting and lithologic variations. The identification of a given reflector across major structures and accurate time-to-depth conversion are difficult interpretational problems. Excellent data quality at Stillwater and Dixie Valley should contribute to the development of these resources. End_of_Article - Last_Page 982------------


A seminal result of Cleve (STOC 1986) showed that fairness, in general, is impossible to achieve in case of two-party computation if one of them is malicious. Ben-Or et al. and Chaum et al. (STOC 1988) showed that absolute correctness can be achieved in case of multiparty computation when one third players are faulty. However, they analyzed the problem in broadcasting channel model. In non-simultaneous channel model, Gordon et al. (STOC 2008) observed that there exist some functions for which fairness can be achieved even though one of the two parties is malicious. One of the functions considered by Gordon et al. is exactly the millionaires' problem (Yao, FOCS 1982) or, equivalently, the `greater than' function. The problem deals with two millionaires, Alice and Bob, who are interested in finding who amongst them is richer, without revealing their actual wealth to each other. We, for the first time, study this problem in presence of rational players. In particular, we show that Gordon's protocol no longer remains fair when the players are rational. Next, we design a protocol with rational players, that not only achieves fairness, but also achieves correctness and strict Nash equilibrium for natural utilities. Gordon et al. (JACM, 2011) showed that any function over polynomial-size domains which does not contain an "embedded XOR" can be converted into the greater than function. Thus, the proposed protocol is applicable for any function except embedded XOR.
We, also for the first time, provide a solution to the quantum version of millionaires' problem with rational players, that achieves fairness, correctness and strict Nash equilibrium. Both our classical and quantum protocols follow a unified approach; both use a rational third party and get rid of the requirement of the online dealer of Groce et al. (EUROCRYPT 2012).


A new and single phase molecular adduct of MgCl2 with six cyclohexanol molecules MgCl2·6C6H11OH (MgCyOH) has been synthesized. Structural insight to this adduct was obtained by a variety of physicochemical methods. 13C CPMAS spectrum and single pulse MAS spectra with high power proton decoupling recorded at different relaxation time showed the presence of two different sets of magnetically unequal cylcohexanol molecules present around Mg2+. A Raman feature of MgCyOH at 712 cm–1 confirms that cylcohexanol molecules are present around Mg2+ in an octahedral environment. MgCyOH has been used as support material to prepare Ziegler–Natta (Z–N) active catalyst. Textural property of above Z–N catalyst exhibits high surface area (236 m2/g) with high porosity. Above active catalyst has been screened for ethylene polymerization. Depending on the cocatalyst employed (Me3Al, Et3Al, and iso-Bu3Al) and ethylene pressure, polyethylene yield varies an order of magnitude, from 378 to 3570 g/g catalyst, indicating a possibl...


Based on Exiqon hybridization array profiling, >2-fold differential expression of 69 microRNAs was reported in both SH-SY5Y cells and primary human fetal neurons in response to HIV-1 Tat (1) or Vpr (2) in experiments with shared controls. Corrections now indicate that raw and normalized data from three profiling platforms, including two not initially described, were recently uploaded to the Gene Expression Omnibus ({"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE44265","term_id":"44265"}}GSE44265 and {"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE44266","term_id":"44266"}}GSE44266) for MIAME data policy compliance (3, 4).

The data suggest that the described Exiqon profiling was uniformly unsuccessful for the mainstay SH-SY5Y experiments and for several of the fetal neuron samples. Only 12 confirmed miRNAs were detected above background plus two standard deviations in all conditions of the SH-SY5Y experiment. It is unclear how reliable, quantile normalized data could be generated from background-level signal, but the processed values as provided also show no consistent changes of reported miRNAs for SH-SY5Y or fetal neurons.

Given the quality of the Exiqon data, especially for the cell line experiments advanced as the primary support, the authors are commended for providing additional, unpublished Agilent and Affymetrix data. However, the "quantile normalized" Agilent data are unnormalized raw values. Distributions of the "processed" Affymetrix data appear similarly inconsistent with normalization. MIAME compliance aside, data across the various platforms and cell types seem to challenge, e.g. the reported quantitative PCR finding of Tat-mediated, >400-fold miR-34a up-regulation. Experimental and analytical replication is needed, guided by an indication of which arrays contributed to Fig. 3 in both Refs. 1 and 2, correctly normalized data, and appropriate details of data processing.