This brief paper describes the development of a pulse compression probing algorithm for real-time monitoring of nonlinear dynamic systems. The probing outputs of a system being monitored are estimates of the sequences of Markov parameters at the current operating point. By imposing signal to noise ratios at both the controlled outputs and the probing outputs, the probing inputs are designed to be non-intrusive and with the intention that the resulting probing outputs are unaffected by other applied signals to the system. The probing algorithm is implemented on a Virtex-5 field-programmable gate-array evaluation platform to expedite real-time processing, and is applied to monitoring the health of the NASA Generic Transport Aircraft Model (GTM). Samples of probing output residuals are evaluated using the Hotelling's T2-test for change detection when significant noise is present in the system. This brief paper focuses its discussion on the method of rapid collection of independent samples to reduce detection delay.


Think about the course material in an integrated way and to realize that real (research) problems in chemistry must be solved using a wide range of concepts and approaches. An additional benefit is that students realize they are able to understand portions of real scientific papers, and can even double-check some of the results reported by the authors.


☆ This work is distributed under the terms of a self-archiving open access article which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are credited. Copyright © 2015 the author. Using data envelopment analysis and analytic hierarchy process for multiplicative aggregation of financial ratios ☆ Mohammad Sadegh Pakkar 1, 1 Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON Canada


The effects of long-term consumption of 10% fructose solution, high calorie diet, and their combination have been studied. It is shown that a 10-week high calorie food and 10% fructose solution consumption by rats has led to the development of obesity as a result of changes in food behavior and basic biochemical parameters. It was concluded that these models are adequate and are close by biochemical parameters to human obesity and can be used in studies of the pathogenesis of obesity in animals.


The Tax Administration Act, No 28 of 2011 (TAA), was promulgated on 4 July 2012 and took effect on 1 October 2012, except for certain specific provisions dealing with the imposition of interest payable to the Commissioner: South African Revenue Service (SARS) by taxpayers and also by the Commissioner to taxpayers.


With the comprehensive application of power electronics equipments,the problem of harmonic and pollution becomes more and more serious,which causes inconvenience of the industry production and society life. Eliminating harmonics and increasing power factor has been becoming a hot topic both in power electronics and in the society as well. Introducing a theories of fuzzy control to correct the power factor,this paper introduces a method of co-simulation with MATLAB and PSIM,and this method applied in PFC. APFC system is designed,after computation and simulation,the results show that this design can obviously raise the power factor of system with rapid response and high accuracy.


For much of his life the Rumanian-born artist Arthur Segal championed the cause of picture lending for the benefit of the public and as a means of helping artists to earn a living. In Germany in the mid-1920s, Segal put forward his plans for lending institutions for works of art, akin to lending libraries for books. Widespread support was not forthcoming, and an experimental scheme organised by an artists' association in Berlin ceased in 1927. Segal could give only qualified support to an alternative concept of hire purchase. Arthur Segal settled in England in 1936; some years after his death, his ideas contributed to the devising of an art loan scheme, launched by the London Borough of Holborn public library, which featured the work of local artists. Segal deserves to be remembered; his life and achievements have been celebrated by exhibitions in Berlin and Cologne, and the following article has been translated into English so that his ideas and endeavours can be more widely appreciated.


Experiments on mass transport across non-isothermal porous partitions are reported. Solvent and solute fluxes are separately assessed, and simple methods for their evaluation from experimental data are given.The interesting conclusion is reached that often the observed fluxes move against chemical potential and hydrostatic pressure gradients.


Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a type of diabetes mellitus that is very prevalent in Uganda and affects a wide percentage of the adult population. Much as there have been successive. Interventions in the prevention and control of this non-communicable disease, it is still increasing annually. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted to assess the challenges associated with the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus among adults aged 45-60 years attending the diabetic clinic at Buwambo Health Centre IV and the researcher sought to determine the knowledge, lifestyle factors, and health facility-related factors associated with the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus among the same population. Results: Study findings revealed that males were the majority 65% and stayed in a rural residence 69%. Most of the respondents had sufficient knowledge of diabetes mellitus. More than 80% knew the definition, types, signs, and causes of diabetes. The majority of respondents said there was general readiness of facilities to handle diabetes but the health workers needed more training. Conclusion: The study findings indicated that health facilities are generally ready to manage diabetes mellitus with enough medications and fairly well-trained personnel to manage the disease Recommendation: There is a need for the government to therefore prioritize the non-communicable disease treatment and prevention budget, for the health facilities to develop better organizational structures in diabetic clinics and proper stock management. All these will help to reduce the diabetes disease burden in the country at large.


A reliable copper-mediated nucleophilic radiosynthesis of the PET imaging probe [18F]FBPA was developed using novel aryldiboron precursors. The carrier-free [18F]FBPA with radiochemical purity >99% was prepared routinely via the two-step synthesis with an automatic module and can be used for clinical PET imaging of tumours.


Violins are wooden musical instruments, whose quality is mainly evaluated on the basis of their aesthetics, as well as depending on the historical relevance of their makers. However, their acoustic quality remains a key evaluation parameter for performers and listeners. The instrument perceived quality, in turn, depends on one side, on the player, the environmental conditions and on the listeners' psychoacoustic factors. On the other side, the quality of a violin depends on its materials, constructive and set-up parameters, that impact on the vibro-acoustical characteristics of the instrument. This work investigates a procedure for the vibro-acoustic characterization of a violin, here called vibro-acoustic fingerprint, as an example of vibro-acoustical characterization of a wooden music instrument. The procedure was applied, as a case study, to an Italian contemporary violin, built on the basis of a Guarneri del Gesù model in the year 2011.


Abstract This article critiques Minsky's Financial Instability Hypothesis, arguing that fraud is a missing element in his theory and the central element in the speculative bubbles that caused "it" to happen twice in the last century in the United States.


Two new marine gastrotrichs of the family Thaumastodermatidae are described from South Korea. Tetranchyroderma gracilium n. sp. bears pestle organs, tetrancres, and two pairs of large dorsolateral tubes. It seems most closely related to T. massiliense Swedmark, T. heterotubulatum Hummon, Todaro and Tongiorgi, and T. boreale Clausen. Thaumastoderma copiophorum n. sp. has five pairs of dorsal cirrata, the overall picture of which differs clearly from that of all known species. In the presence of accessory cirrata, it relates to T. appendiculatum Chang, Lee and Clausen


An important source of innovation in the modern days are the startups as they employ emerging technologies to invent products and reinvent business models. Startup accelerators offer highperformance support for startups to achieve this purpose. This article aims to contextualize and understand what are startups, accelerators and public policies towards an innovative entrepreneurship in the advancement of innovation in Brazil through the encouragement in acceleration cycles of the "InovAtiva Brazil" Program of the extinct Ministry of Industry, Foreign Trade and Services (MDIC). It is an exploratory objective research, with a qualitative approach, which used bibliographic and documentary research procedures. The results of this article demonstrate a positive impact of the "Inovativa Brazil" Program on the entrepreneurial ecosystem, since accelerated companies have a lower mortality rate, generate jobs and gain access to investment opportunities.


The Rigidizable Inflatable Get-Away-Special EXperiment (RIGEX) was run successfully on board STS-123 (Endeavor) in March 2008. RIGEX was built by graduate students at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) and returned there following the shuttle flight for post-flight analysis. The experiment's objectives were to demonstrate in space the stowage, deployment, and rigidization techniques of carbon fiber composite inflatable rigidizable cylindrical booms. RIGEX was a Canister For All Payloads (CAPE) Space Shuttle cargo bay experiment designed to heat and inflate three 50.8 cm (20 in) long carbon fiber composite booms in a microgravity vacuum environment and measure both the structural characteristics and the deployment accuracy. Pressure, temperature, modal response, and position data were collected successfully on-orbit and are compared here to ground test data. This research is intended to help demonstrate the feasibility of using lightweight and low stowage volume (high packaging ratio) inflatable/rigidizable space structures for space mission applications.


Androgens are essential in normal ovarian function and follicle health, but hyperandrogenism, as seen in polycystic ovary syndrome, is associated with disordered follicle development. There are few data on the effect of long-term exposure to high levels of testosterone as found in transgender men receiving gender-affirming endocrine therapy. In this study, we investigate the effect of testosterone on the development, morphological health and DNA damage and repair capacity of human ovarian follicles in vivo and their survival in vitro. Whole ovaries were obtained from transgender men (mean age: 27.6 ± 1.7 years; range: 20–34 years, n = 8) at oophorectomy taking pre-operative testosterone therapy. This was compared to cortical biopsies from age-matched healthy women obtained at caesarean section (mean age: 31.8 ± 1.5 years; range: 25–35 years, n = 8). Cortical tissues were dissected into fragments and either immediately fixed for histological analysis or cultured for 6 days and subsequently fixed. Follicle classification and morphological health were evaluated from histological sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin and expression of γH2AX as a marker of DNA damage by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In uncultured tissue, testosterone exposure was associated with reduced follicle growth activation, poor follicle health and increased DNA damage. After 6 days of culture, there was enhanced follicle activation compared to the control with further deterioration in morphological health and increased DNA damage. These data indicate that high circulating concentrations of testosterone have effects on the primordial and small-growing follicles of the ovary. These results may have implications for transgender men receiving gender-affirming therapy prior to considering pregnancy or fertility preservation measures. Lay summary As part of gender transitioning, transgender men take testosterone therapy. While androgens like testosterone are essential to maintain ovarian health, the effects of long-term testosterone treatment on the ovary are unclear. This study examines whether testosterone impacts ovarian follicle growth activation, follicle health and whether it causes DNA damage. It also looks at how well these follicles grow in tissue culture. The results showed there was a higher proportion of non-growing ovarian follicles in the ovaries of trans men, they appeared less healthy and there were higher levels of DNA damage. After 6 days of tissue culture, there were more growing follicles in transgender ovaries compared to control, but follicle health further deteriorated and there are increased levels of DNA damage. These results identify new effects of testosterone on the ovary and highlight the importance of discussing fertility preservation options prior to starting testosterone.


A 70-year-old woman was admitted to hospital due to recurring symptomatic sustained ventricular tachycardias (VTs). She was diagnosed with ischaemic cardiomyopathy with low ejection fraction (20%). She also had left bundle branch block and chronic heart failure in New York Heart Association class III. Blood electrolyte levels were normal. Coronary angiography showed a preserved effect of previous angioplasty. Clostridium difficile infection was identified. Increasing levels of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin were observed. Despite treatment with metoprolol (100 mg per day) and amiodarone (1200 mg per day), VTs kept recurring; they had morphology of right bundle branch block with right axis deviation and cycle length of 240 ms. Ablation was performed using an anatomical visualisation system (CARTO). Potential map of the left ventricle revealed a large scar region. During left ventricular mapping VTs of the same morphology were induced with programmed ventricular stimulation (PVS). Areas of low conduction were removed. After ablation of late potentials, PVS demonstrated non-induction of VT. No arrhythmias were observed directly after the ablation, but an iatrogenic third-degree atrioventricular block occurred. The patient required temporary stimulation with indications to implantation of a permanent cardiac resynchronisation therapy defibrillator (CRT-D). However, the implantation was contraindicated due to an active infection. Therefore, a temporary external implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) with dual-coil lead and a conventional ICD was implanted on the opposite side of the planned permanent implantation. The implantation parameters were: R wave — 14 mV, impedance — 537 Ω , threshold — 1.2 V/0.5 ms. Defibrillation threshold test was not performed due to the generally serious condition of the patient. Two detection zones were programmed. The therapy started with anti-tachycardia pacing (ATP) — three attempts of burst: 12 cycles of 88% in the VT zone (141 bpm), followed by cardioversions (CVs), sending shocks between the two lead coils. Ventricular fibrillation zone (214 bpm) therapy consisted only of CVs. The ICD can was placed on the chest wall and attached with adhesives. The patient was scheduled for further infection treatment. After nine days she had recurrent VTs which had similar morphology to those previously observed and were successfully treated by both ATPs and CVs from the temporary ICD (Fig. 1). Further hospitalisation was uneventful. After normalisation of the inflammatory parameters, a permanent CRT-D was implanted. At one and six months of follow-up the patient's condition improved with no arrhythmias or return of atrioventricular conduction. Treatment of an arrhythmic storm starts with the elimination of a potentially reversible cause, which can be established in about 66% of patients [1]. In this case, no such identifiable cause was found. In such situations treatment with antiarrhythmic medications, sedatives, and invasive methods is required. The OPTIC study showed that prevention of VT recurrence in patients with ICDs is effective with a combination of amiodarone


The objective of this study was to determine suitable drought monitoring indexes using the approach of systematic simulation and evaluation of interactions between water resources and historical drought in a region and to develop a mixed method. One of the important and efficient tools in drought monitoring systems is monitoring indexes, which in the case of compatibility with the conditions of application environment has a considerable effect on monitoring, pre-warning and often predicting this phenomenon. This is only possible if the mentioned indexes are selected based on the need and conditions of the application location. In this research, the studied region was Ardabil province in north-west of Iran and the objective was to determine severity and range of drought in the region. Three indexes were utilized for monitoring drought: PNPI (Percent of Normal Precipitation Index), DPI (Deciles Precipitation Index) and SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index). Information of 10 stations in the study area were used. The results showed that SPI clearly indicated drought condition in Ardabil province in 3 and 6 month scales since, in the selected dry years, values of this index illustratively decreased to the undernormal value. Oscillation trend of SPI corresponded to hydrologic oscillations in snowy regions in 6 months scale and, in farther regions, it was in 3 months scale. Through constant use and monthly analysis of SPI values in 3 and 6 months periods, reliability coefficient of this index could be increased and validated and also a kind of 3 to 6 months pre-warning system could be obtained prior to the drought.


The origin and properties of plasmoids from a conical electrodeless ring discharge were investigated. In addition to image converters, magnetic probes and loops and a counter-field spectrometer for determination of ion energies were used. The dependence of the initial density of the plasma in the discharge coil on two different emission mechanisms was established. At lower densities, if the ions could be considered free particles, for acceleration only the electromagnetic field at the beginning of the discharge was measured. At higher densities, if the plasma behaved hydromagnetically, for example, emission mechanisms were determined extensively by captured fields. Under certain initial conditions, a plasmoid originated with captured magnetic fields that remained steady over a time on the order of 10) mu sec. (tr-auth)


Macrophages (Mb)? function by a two-step process that includes printing (induction of cytokine and enzyme mRNA) and activation (production of effector molecules). The initial steps in Md, priming involve the expression of certain proto-oncogenes that regulate expression of other genes. Because tumor growth primes Md, to produce several suppressor monokines, we determined if cancel induced Md, expression of these proto-oncogenes. Unstirnulated peritoneal Md, from tumor-bearing hosts (TBH) constitutively expressed the proto-oncogenes c-fms, c-fos, c-myc, and c-myb, whereas normal host (NH) Md, had little or no expression of these proto-oncogenes. When Md, were given a 24-11 adherence priming stimulus, NH Md, expressed c-fms and c-fos at levels equivalent to TBH Md, constitutive expression. Adherence had little or no effect or1 c-hns and c-fos expression in TBH Md, or on NH and TBH Md, c-myc expression. c-myb expression was not induced in NH Md, during adherence and was strongly decreased in TBH Md,. Activation with a I-h lipopolysaccharide-treatment increased NH attd TBH M$ expression of c-fms, c-fos, and c-myc, with higher expression of these proto-oncogenes in TBH M&. Activation failed to induce c-myb expression in NH Md) and completely inhibited expression in TBH M4. Because c-fms, c-fos, and c-myc are normally expressed early during Md, activation, our results suggest that tumor growth primes Mrl, by inducing expression of these proto-oncogenes. c-myb is expressed in immature Mb and is downregulated during Md, activation. These observations explain why NH Md, expression of c-my6 was not induced and are consistent with reports that suggest TBH Mr$ have not reached full developmental maturity. The induction of Mb protooncogene expression during cancel may put Mr$ in a primed state, which leads to earlier and stronger production of adverse slippressor and cytotoxic molecules.


In order to study the optimal immunizing dosage of a precocious line of Eimeria acervulina,7 immunized groups with the precocious line,7 immunized groups with its parent strain,1 unimmunized-challenged group,and 1 unimmunized-unchallenged group were tested in the first trial.Dosages of 100,200,400,600,800,1 000 and 2 000 sporulated oocysts from the precocious line or its parent strain were administered orally to 7-day-old chickens for two times at a 7-day interval.21-day-old chickens were challenged with the parent strain at the dose of 15×104 sporulated oocysts.Weight gain,intestinal lesion scores and oocyst reduction rate were used to evaluate the immunizing effectiveness.Two optimal immunizing doses obtained from the first trial was repeated using the same protocol except that the challenging dose was 20×104 parent strain sporulated oocysts.The results from the first trial showed that the weight gain was not significantly different among each of groups during immunized period(P0.05) and among the 400-1 000 immunized groups with the precocious line,600-1 000 immunized groups with the parent strain and the unimmunized-unchallenged group during challenged period(P0.05).The intestinal lesion score of the 2 000 immunized groups with the parent strain was lower than that of the unimmunized-challenged group(P0.05) and those of the other immunized groups were similar to the unimmunized-challenged group(P0.05).The reduction rate of oocysts of 400-2 000 immunized groups were over 90%,in which of 600-800 were over 97%.The results from the repeated trial indicated that both of the relative weight gain and intestinal lesion scores of the 600/800 immunized groups with the precocious line were similar to those of the unimmunized-unchallenged group(P0.05),but significantly different from those of the unimmunized-challenged group(P0.05),and the reduction rate of oocysts were over 88%.Results from both trials demonstrated that the precocious line of E.acervulina maintains good immunogenicity and could induce sufficient immunological protection at different immunizing dosage,in which the dose of 600 and 800 had the best effect.The dose of 600 was determined as the optimal immunizing dose in the development of a live attenuated anticoccidial vaccine.


Removing noise from hyperspectral images can be very beneficial for improving classification accuracy. Recently, tensor robust principal component analysis (TRPCA) has been successfully employed to reduce noise in hyperspectral images. In TRPCA, a minimization involving a tensor nuclear norm and a $\ell _{1}$ -norm is employed to separate the low-rank hyperspectral image from the sparse noise. Tensor nuclear norm minimization is solved by iteratively performing tensor singular-value thresholding (T-SVT). However, TRPCA possesses high computational complexity primarily due to the implementation of the T-SVT operator. The conventional approach for T-SVT is first to perform full tensor singular value decomposition (T-SVD) and then to shrink the singular values of the frontal slices in the frequency domain. However, when the solution of tensor nuclear norm minimization is a low-rank tensor, a good strategy is to incrementally find the singular values until they fall below the threshold. In this letter, we propose a randomized blocked algorithm for computing T-SVT, and we leverage the compression attained by the fast Fourier transform (FFT) to accelerate TRPCA. Numerical experiments indicate that our method is significantly faster than performing TRPCA via the full T-SVD while maintaining classification accuracy.


This study analyzes the socioeconomic characteristics, identifies the livelihood assets, determines the calorie intake level, and identifies the problems and constraints faced by the slum dwellers among randomly selected 60 households from Korail and Noyapara slums in Dhaka city. The study result reveals that the low share of old people in slums is nothing but a result of bad living and health conditions in slums. A very large share (almost 90 percent) of slum dwellers having less than 10 years of schooling is explained as an alarming sign. The amount of money the slum dwellers earn is 6 times lower compared to the average national income, which affects the slum dweller in a multidimensional way. For most of the key influencers of livelihood, this study finds that slum dwellers live in a vulnerable situation. Regarding calorie intake, about 90 percent of the total slum population belongs to ultra-poor, hard-core poor, and absolute poor categories, which need immediate action. As for problems and constraints, most of the slum dwellers indicate inadequate income, lack of housing space, water crisis, and lack of proper sanitation as their major problems.


Chapter 1 - International Marketing and Exporting Chapter 2 - Bases of International Marketing Chapter 3 - The International Environment: Culture, Economic and Competition Chapter 4- The International Environment: Government, Political and Legal forces Chapter 5 - Export Market Selection: Definition and Strategies Chapter 6 - Information for International Market(ing) Decisions Chapter 7 - Market Entry Strategies Chapter 8 - Export Entry Modes Chapter 9 -- Non-export Entry Modes Chapter 10 - Product Decisions Chapter 11 - Pricing Decisions Chapter 12 - Financing and Methods of Payment Chapter 13 - Promotion and Marketing Communication Chapter 14 - Handling Export Orders and Supply Chain Management Chapter 15 - Organization of International Marketing Activities


The mechanisms of development, growth and rupture of cerebral aneurysms are still incompletely understood. However, blood flow is believed to have a major impact. Some aneurysms develop smaller aneurysms, so-‐called daughter aneurysms -‐ see figure. In this study the influence of these daughter aneurysms was investigated. The blood flow with and without these daughter aneurysms was simulated and compared. The study is intended to find hemodynamic parameters responsible for mechanisms of aneurysm development and growth.


The familiar contrasting of 'theory' and 'practice' is often traced back to the etymological root of the word 'theoria', stemming from the Greek 'theorem', meaning 'to look at' or 'to contemplate'. And yet, the word's conceptual genealogy reveals that the supposedly contemplative realm of theory might be embedded in, rather than separate from, the experiential field of praxis. As Andrea Nightingale points out in her study Spectacles of Truth in Classical Greek Philosophy: Theoria and its Cultural Context (2004), the word 'theoria' originally referred to the common cultural and religious practice of pilgrimage to, and participation in, a sacred festival. Nightingale proposes that our Western notion of 'theory', positioned as opposed to 'practice', is a result of the Greek philosophers' appropriation and restriction of theoria's original meaning and, more specifically, of Aristotle's envisioning of philosophy as academised theoretical knowledge. In this presentation I will briefly introduce the concept of 'theoria' before screening the video essay The Practice of Theoria: Visions of Greece (15 min.), an audio-visual exploration of the above. The video is composed as a collage of text, found and original footage and was produced while based at the Irish Institute of Hellenic Studies at Athens.


DOI: 10.35631/IJLGC.520007. The development of the number of motorized vehicles in Indonesia from 2014 until 2017 has reached 138,556,669 units, the average number of vehicles continues to increase from 6% to 9% per year. The increase in the level of congestion can be felt very significantly. The principal aims of this paper, to evaluate the justification for a national road policy by investigating the Governor of Jakarta Regulation No. 155 of 2018 of its implementations on national roads in Indonesia, especially Jakarta. By looking deeper into the contents of the Articles in Governor of Jakarta Regulation No. 155 of 2018. From this, we will know whether the effectiveness of the Law can discipline highway users with odd-even strategies. The method used in the study is a normative juridical approach to literature and this research was conducted by collecting various literature and secondary data related to the research that will be conducted. The results found that the legal provisions still needed to impose sanctions for violations of the violation of Governor Regulation No. 155 of 2018, meaning that it needs to be reconsidered by the Jakarta Regional Government to make the provisions of separate sanctions outside Article 280.


International legal personality has often been viewed as synonymous with statehood. States are the primary subjects of international law, and only they have general competence on the international plane, including the competence to create the law. However, in the 1949 Reparation for Injuries advisory opinion, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) acknowledged that forms of international legal personality other than statehood could exist. In determining whether the United Nations (UN) was an international person, the ICJ considered the functions and rights which had been conferred on the organization pursuant to the UN Charter. Although these were found to be distinct from the rights and duties possessed by States, the ICJ concluded that these necessarily involved "a large measure of international personality and the capacity to operate on an international plane." According to the Court, the hallmarks of international legal personality included the ability to possess international rights and duties and the capacity to maintain such rights by bringing international claims.


Diastolic fractional flow reserve (d-FFR) during dobutamine provocation (DOB) was found to be a more reliable physiological index for the functional assessment of myocardial bridging (MB). However, d-FFR calculation is complicated and time-consuming, and therefore several authors have suggested the use of instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) to overcome these issues.

 The aim of our study was to assess diagnostic performance of d-FFR and iFR at rest and during DOB with exercise-induced myocardial ischemia as reference.

 Twenty-four symptomatic patients (17 males, mean age 58±8 years) with MB and systolic compression ≥50% diameter stenosis on the left anterior descending (LAD) artery were included. Exercise stress-echocardiography test (SE), and both d-FFR and iFR in the distal segment of LAD at rest and peak DOB (30–50μg/kg/min), were performed in all patients. Optimal cut-off values and diagnostic performance of resting and hyperemic d-FFR and iFR were assessed using SE.

 Exercise-SE was positive for myocardial ischemia in 7/24 patients (29%). The area-under-the-receiver-operating-characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) for exercise-induced myocardial ischemia was 0.64 (95% CI: 0.400–0.885) for resting d-FFR, 0.62 (95% CI: 0.378–0.866) for resting iFR, 1.000 (95% CI: 0.999–1.000) for d-FFR at peak DOB, and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.895–1.000) for iFR at peak DOB. No significant difference in ROC-AUC was observed between d-FFR and iFR at peak DOB (p=0.243). The best cut-off value for both d-FFR and iFR at peak DOB was <0.76 with similar sensitivity and negative predictive values (100 vs. 100% for both), but lower specificity and positive predictive value for iFR in identifying MB associated with exercise-induced ischemia (94% vs. 82%; 88% vs. 70%, respectively). Compared with exercise-induced myocardial ischemia, the diagnostic accuracy of d-FFR and iFR at peak DOB was 96% (kappa=0.903, p<0.001) and 88% (kappa=0.731, p<0.001), respectively.

 iFR during DOB provocation showed similar diagnostic accuracy as d-FFR to identify the functionally significant MB when compared with exercise-induced myocardial ischemia.

 Type of funding sources: None.


The extinction during periods much longer than the duration of a species life cycle followed by a quick resurgence to high abundance levels is sometimes observed in marine coastal pelagic stocks. J...


The mutual exclusion element is a fundamental component of asynchronous arbiters. Despite their importance, however, the testability of these components is typically limited to functional testing. This paper discusses why this is not sufficient and investigates three MUTEX implementations, two of which are completely new, that support the test of the metastability filter part of the components. Additionally, we quantify the cost of the testable designs by comparing them to a baseline design in terms of failure rate, impact on MTBF, propagation delay, test power and area. Our experimental results show that testable MUTEXes increase area from 21% to 63% over the baseline implementation, but have a small impact on delay and provide a range of choices where testability, MTBF, test power and area can be traded-off against circuit and system requirements.


This paper is concerned with exploring a convex controller design method for a class of Markovian jump systems with uncertain transition rates. First, a new stability criterion of such systems is established by applying the slack‐matrix technique. Then, a totally convex method for the state‐feedback controller design is derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities. The proposed design method has the merits of convexity and low conservativeness, while in the previous methods the two merits cannot coexist. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness and merits of the proposed method.


ABSTRACT. The morphology and infraciliature of Siroloxophyllum utriculariae (Penard, 1922) n. g., n. comb. were studied in live cells, with the scanning and transmission electron microscope, as well as in specimens impregnated with protargol and silver carbonate. The new genus, Siroloxophyllum, belongs to the Loxophyllidae and has a specific combination of characters, viz. an oral bulge surrounding almost the entire cell, three perioral kineties, a single brush kinety, and a single right dorsolateral kinety. The ecology and faunistics of S. utriculariae are reviewed. It is a rare and infrequent predator preferring clean freshwaters. The somatic monokinetid of S. utriculariae has typical haptorid ultrastructure, including two transverse microtubular ribbons. The oral bulge is patterned string‐like with riffles containing the transverse microtubular ribbons originating from the oral kinetids. Perioral kineties 1 and 2 consist of dikinetids having one basal body each ciliated; the nonciliated basal body is associated with a nematodesmal and a transverse microtubular ribbon. Perioral kinety 3 consists of ciliated monokinetids having a fine structure similar to the somatic kinetids; they form triads with the dikinetids from perioral kinety 2. The classification of pleurostomatid ciliates is reviewed. Two suborders (Amphileptina, Litonotina) and three families (Amphileptidae, Litonotidae, Loxophyllidae n. fam.) are recognized and defined.


Non-dipole electronic transitions in 7-10 eV have been observed in a series of chlorofluoromethanes, CF{sub 4-n}Cl{sub n} (n=1-3), using angle-resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy at 2.5 keV impact energy. The generalized oscillator strengths of these low-lying non-Rydberg transitions have been determined and found to have a shape characteristic of a quadrupole-allowed transition. Ab-initio single-excitation CI calculations show that some of these quadrupole states correspond to predissociation channels due to the breakage of the C-Cl bond. Some plausible spectral assignments and related processes of these non-dipole transitions will be discussed. Furthermore, the GOS measurement of Cl 2p and Cls transitions also gives evidence for the presence of non-dipole processes in the inner shells.


This work proposes a penalty 20‐node hexahedral element for size‐dependent electromechanical analysis based on the consistent couple stress theory. The nodal rotation degrees of freedom (DOFs) are used to approximate the mechanical rotation, meeting the C1 requirement in a weak sense by using the penalty function method, and to effectively enhance the standard isoparametric interpolation for determining the displacement test function. The normalized stress functions that satisfy the relevant equilibrium equation and strain compatibility equation a priori are employed to formulate the stress trial function. Since the element has only three displacement, three rotation and the electric potential DOFs per node, it has relatively simple formulation and can be readily incorporated into the existing finite element program. Several benchmarks are examined and the results demonstrate that the new element has good numerical accuracy and captures the size dependence effectively. In addition, the influence of the micro‐inertia on electromechanical dynamic responses of flexoelectric solids at small scale are analyzed using the proposed element. It is shown that the nature frequency decreases with the increase of micro‐inertia and in general, the influences are more obvious on higher order modes.


Quick advancements in the field of Energy utilization and production has been the key issue. The clean environment and green energy utilization for power production has remained the main point of attention. Low noise, longer and cheaper energy production costs has drawn the attention. But the intermittence in green energy production via these natural resources is the restriction in producing high efficiency and reliability in energy production. Different control schemes have been developed and many hierarchical structures have been proposed to achieve balanced energy from the renewable energy resources. These control schemes alter and addresses different issues in different ways to achieve sustainability but still the sustainability is the issue to be achieved. In this paper we have selected some recent control schemes in for to control the microgrids and finally presented a comparative analysis based on the schemes proposed.


Dear Dr. Brown:

David Nash has given us much to reflect on in his perspectives article, "Ethics, Empathy, and the Education of Dentists," which appeared in the June 2010 issue of the Journal of Dental Education (vol. 74, no. 6, pp. 567–78). He calls out writers in evolutionary biology and


Background: Intradural disc herniations (IDHs) are rare occurrences (0.26–0.30%), and most frequently involve the lumbar spine at the L4–L5 level. Here, we present a patient with an L1–L2 IDH and reviewed the current literature. Case Description: A 65-year-old female presented with the acute onset of bilateral paraparesis accompanied by urinary dysfunction. The lumbar MRI showed a mass at the L1–L2 level with caudal migration, accompanied by a positive "hawk-beak" sign. At surgery, consisting of a L1–L2 laminectomy, a large IDH was encountered responsible for marked cauda equina/root compression. Postoperatively, the patient immediately fully recovered. The literature we identified cited just seven similar studies of L1–L2 IDH. Conclusion: In a 65-year-old female, an IDH was anticipated at the L1–L2 level due to the combined MR findings of a large L1–L2 mass with caudal migration and the positive "hawk-beak" sign.


ABSTRACT
 Radical democracy was, at its inception, a polemical alternative to the hegemony of Marxism over the political discourse of the Left. This is particularly striking in the work of two of its figureheads, Miguel Abensour and Chantal Mouffe. Whereas C. Mouffe advocates for radical democracy to break free from the rigidness and the determinacy of Marxism, M. Abensour goes back to the young Marx's plea for a "real democracy". It results in radical democrats locating differently the radicality of their approaches. While post-Marxists emphasize the crucial and dynamic role of divisive conflicts within the political community and consequently grant the State a role as their arbitrator, "Young Marxists" emphasize a constant struggle against an abusive institutionalization of the State. As a result, they advocate for a form of political spontaneity that is complicated to reconcile with consideration of the political community's inner conflicts. The regrouping of disparate critical works under a single label makes us shortsighted to some of its internal contradictions.


Objective: To analyze health human resources situation in the town and countryside of Guangxi,to find the problems,and to put forward some suggestions.Methods: Based on the related data on 2010 Guangxi Statistical Yearbook and 2010 China Health Statistical Yearbook,and using SPSS software for analysis.Results: Health personnel in Guangxi rural areas are in lackness,in which rural doctors reduced year by year,but the ratio for doctor and nurse increased year by year.Conclusion: Guangxi need to take active measures to attract and retain health personnel in rural areas.


Experiments of flow-induced vibrations using a closely-packed triangular rods array with a pitch-to-diameter ratio of 1.1 in water cross-flow were carried out to analyse the detected effects of system parameters in the frequency domain and vibration amplitudes. Single flexibly mounted rod with two degrees of freedom at each end of it was located in the second or the fourth row in the bundle with 21 row. Influence of increasing/decreasing flow, the test rod mass and support stiffness changes were analysed. Reynolds number based on the freestream velocity and a rod diameter was up to 1.64·104. Accelerometers and laser sensors were used to measure the time-varying response of the test rod. FFT approach was adopted to reconstruct the displacements from accelerometer measurements. Experimental results show that the behaviour of the flexibly-mounted rod is dependent on the flow time-history. Dominant flow-dependent and flow-independent frequencies were observed in the frequency domain. Changes in the frequency spectrum introduced by the test rod mass and support stiffness were identified. Oscillation regime of the test rod when the state equilibrium position becomes unstable with the limited oscillations was detected. Metamodeling approach was applied to develop mathematical approximation using three parameters: flow rate, stiffness coefficient and frequency ratio. Good accordance has been found between the inverse model and laboratory experiments.


The phenomenological model is proposed for amorphous magnets with ferromagnetic exchange and small random anisotropy. A new type of spin-glass state is described. Its behaviour in an external magnetic field is shown to deviate strongly from mean-field theory predictions. The effect of coherent anisotropy is discussed.


Are the world history textbooks used in Canadian universities Eurocentric? Do Canadian students in university-level World History courses really study World History or are they studying European perspectives on that history? In this paper I investigate how Eurocentrism affects World History textbooks, using examples of Edmonton universities, including the University of Alberta, Concordia University College, Grant MacEwan University and the King's University College. In this way, I demonstrate the grave implications of Eurocentrism for the study of World History and discover the impact that this set of beliefs might continue to exert on a field of history which aims to Eurocentrism in World History Textbooks: The Case of Canada This paper investigates how Eurocentrism affects World History textbooks, using examples of Edmonton universities which include the University of Alberta, Concordia University College, Grant MacEwan University and the King's University College. In this way, the grave implications of Eurocentrism for the study of World History is demonstrated as well as the impact that this set of beliefs might exert on a field of history which aims to overturn Eurocentrism and privilege cross cultural encounters and global approaches to the past is discovered.


The periodic and impact excitations caused by drum winding and interface misalignment of steel guides always result in hoisting instability in mine shafts. This paper focuses on investigating the longitudinal response of the lifting system subjected to the two disturbance excitations. First, the periodic velocity and acceleration excitation from an experimental model was derived. Second, the virtual prototype model for the longitudinal vibration of the hoisting rope subjected to the two excitations was built in ADAMS, and the validity of the established virtual prototype model was verified experimentally. Eventually, the acceleration of the conveyance under the disturbance excitations were effectively reduced by applying a vibration reduction device, and the virtual simulation results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed device. This paper can provide a good scheme for the research of vibration reduction in mine hoisting systems.


Accurate surface texture design is of great significance to improve the performances of gas bearings. In this article, the finite difference method and Newton's method were combined to obtain the oil film pressure distribution, and the effect of rectangular groove on the lubrication performance was analyzed by changing representative texture parameters. The results show that the performances were more affected by the rectangular texture size compared with the distribution and the bottom shape of texture. The increasing of the surface texture number can only enhance the stability of the bearing. The bearing can provide 30% more bearing capacity by choosing larger size, radial arrangement and plane bottom. These results and analysis can provide technical reference for the bearing texture design.


Abstract After a brief interpretation of current theoretical concepts of the high elasticity of macromolecular substances, as they have been developed by a number of authors from the laws of thermodynamics, the most important experimental methods of dynamic vibration are pointed out. A newly developed apparatus, which permits the study of the plastic-elastic behavior of high polymers in the rubber-elastic field by means of forced vibrations under tensile stress is described. With a plentiful supply of experimental material, various factors were studied, including the crystallization behavior of polymers, the reinforcing effect of various fillers, polymerization influences, modification of Neoprene-W by accelerators, the elastic behavior of Butyl and Silicone rubber, the influence of certain activators on the reinforcing properties of alumina gel, and the action of softeners in polyvinyl chloride.


Digital collections are growing exponentially in size as the information age takes a firm grip on all aspects of society. As a result Information Retrieval (IR) has become an increasingly important area of research. It promises to provide new and more effective ways for users to find information relevant to their search intentions. Document clustering is one of the many tools in the IR toolbox and is far from being perfected. It groups documents that share common features. This grouping allows a user to quickly identify relevant information. If these groups are misleading then valuable information can accidentally be ignored. There- fore, the study and analysis of the quality of document clustering is important. With more and more digital information available, the performance of these algorithms is also of interest. An algorithm with a time complexity of O(n2) can quickly become impractical when clustering a corpus containing millions of documents. Therefore, the investigation of algorithms and data structures to perform clustering in an efficient manner is vital to its success as an IR tool. Document classification is another tool frequently used in the IR field. It predicts categories of new documents based on an existing database of (doc- ument, category) pairs. Support Vector Machines (SVM) have been found to be effective when classifying text documents. As the algorithms for classifica- tion are both efficient and of high quality, the largest gains can be made from improvements to representation. Document representations are vital for both clustering and classification. Representations exploit the content and structure of documents. Dimensionality reduction can improve the effectiveness of existing representations in terms of quality and run-time performance. Research into these areas is another way to improve the efficiency and quality of clustering and classification results. Evaluating document clustering is a difficult task. Intrinsic measures of quality such as distortion only indicate how well an algorithm minimised a sim- ilarity function in a particular vector space. Intrinsic comparisons are inherently limited by the given representation and are not comparable between different representations. Extrinsic measures of quality compare a clustering solution to a "ground truth" solution. This allows comparison between different approaches. As the "ground truth" is created by humans it can suffer from the fact that not every human interprets a topic in the same manner. Whether a document belongs to a particular topic or not can be subjective.


Extra esophageal manifestation of Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) include erosive wear dental lesions. Early erosive wear lesions in this group of patients can be easily missed as they are accompanied by few clinical signs and hardly any symptoms. This case series aims to report the prevalence and severity of erosive wear lesions amongst a sample of GERD patients in Malaysia. Eleven subjects with well characterized GERD, diagnosed based on modified Reflux Disease Questionnaire (RDQ) or via endoscopy, were included in this case series. A standardized intra oral clinical examination was performed to assess presence and severity of erosive wear lesions on tooth surfaces using Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) index. Majority of BEWE score 1 lesions were distributed in maxillary anterior teeth, followed by maxillary posterior and mandibular teeth. BEWE score 2 lesions were most prevalent in maxillary anterior teeth and there were no BEWE score 3 lesions observed. Based on the clinical findings, more erosive wear lesions were found on the buccal surfaces of maxillary and mandibular teeth in GERD patients. This case series further confirms the link between GERD and erosive wear lesions. The authors would like to highlight the need for both medical and dental practitioners to be aware of early clinical presentations of GERD and erosive wear lesions. Early diagnoses allow for intervention and conservative management of these conditions.


"Strong" is usually preferred over "weak." But for the value of a country's currency, it's not that simple. "Strong" isn't always better, and "weak" isn't always worse. Learn more about foreign exchange rates in the March 2015 newsletter—"Is a Strong Dollar Better than a Weak Dollar?"


Objective:To explore the predictive value of pulse pressure (PP) to the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in middle-aged and senile population. Method:The baseline survey of middle-aged and senile population of Shandong province was carried out in the year 1991.Totally 117 AMI event occurred among the 11 008 subjects after 8 years follow-up, the correlation between PP and AMI was analyzed by using Cox regression model. Result:The mean PP was significantly higher in total AMI population than in normal population(P 0.001).In senile population, for each 10 mmHg increase in PP, there was an independent 29.8% increase in the risk of AMI,and at every diastolic blood pressure (DBP) level, the relative risk was 25.7%. However, in middle-aged population, PP was not the predictive marker, while mean blood pressure (MAP) or DBP was. In senile population, in comparison with median tertile of pulse pressure (40 to 49 mm Hg), subjects with higher pulse pressure(PP ≥50 mm Hg) had adjusted relative risks of 3.2- 3.3 (P 0.05) for AMI, compared with median tertile of pulse pressure (40 to 49 mm Hg) . Conclusion:①In senile population, PP is a risk factor of AMI, while in middle-aged population, AMI risk is mainly related to MAP and DBP. ②In senile population, PP≥50 mm Hg should be regard as the marker for risk of AMI.


Studies on transnationalism are increasing, but most of them concentrate on the application of theoretical concepts or arguments. At best, we end up with another typology of transnational activities. What is also needed, however, is the description of varieties of transnationalism and the specification of the employed concepts and of the researched groups. Moreover, most studies deal with the transnational connections of ethnic groups located in western countries. This orientation produces a bias in favour of the wealthy parts of the researched transnational community. The editors of this book managed to avoid both these pitfalls. The book consists of a loose but highly interesting collection of relatively short papers, previously presented at a conference in Lisbon in April 2005. The papers are grouped in two parts: one picturing eight Cape Verdians Diaspora communities (USA, Argentina, Sao Tomé and Prı́ncipe, Portugal, Spain, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden), and the other consisting of eleven papers covering different aspects of transnationalism, such as Cape Verdeans in the whale trade, the female emigration, Cape Verdean tongues, the use of the Internet in the transnational communications, images of emigration in Cape Verdean music, Cape Verdean music performance, the management of work and care for children, transnational solutions to health problems, diasporac identity formation and the resilience of the Cape Verdean migration tradition. This large collection is preceded by an excellent introduction by the editors. Cape Verde is a small archipelago consisting of ten islands in the Atlantic Ocean, about 500 km off the coast of Senegal. Being a former Portuguese colony, geographically strategically located in the slave trade and other maritime activities, it has an almost totally mixed population. The archipelago suffers from a scarcity of natural resources. Together with devastating drafts, these conditions have marked the national image. The population has a strong maritime orientation and is highly dependent on migration. Ships visiting the islands have historically been the main carriers to welfare abroad. The different contributions make painstakingly clear how thorough migration has affected daily life. The impact is traceable in customs, language, music, dreams of future, frames of reference, self esteem. The different Diaspora communities have a major contribution in the welfare of the home country through remittances and investments. Migration permeates daily life, is a part of the lived culture, it is a fact of life in Cape Verde, and that fact is taken for granted. As one contributor puts it: Cape Verdeans are a people on the move, meaning that they will not be stopped from emigrating, not even by restrictive measures in the receiving countries. One point of comment seems to be in order. The book could gain more strength if the papers were connected. That would yield topics specific to the Diaspora community rather than separate accounts of communities. For example: the Cape Verdean Diaspora communities abroad have a tremendous impact in the national political development, an issue that is missing altogether in the collection. Other examples are music and sports, which are as much a Diaspora as well as a national Cape Verdean issue. Also in this regard, the Ethnic and Racial Studies Vol. 32 No. 9 November 2009 pp. 1686 1697


X-ray scattering factors for bonded hydrogen atoms are derived for the case where the aspherical electron density distribution due to the chemical bonding, is approximated by additional scattering centres. It is assumed that in the vicinity of the proton the electron density does not change much when the bond is formed.


This paper proposes an energy management scheme for a shared facility controller (SFC), which is equipped with solar panels and is connected to other energy entities in a smart grid. The objective is to minimize the operational cost to the SFC by increasing the use of solar energy. In this context, an optimization problem is formulated for the SFC by giving its requirement a priority, whereby the SFC can also sell the solar energy to other entities if there is any surplus. To enable this, the concept of a virtual cost (VC) is introduced, which is an estimate of the cost to the SFC at a future time slot based on currently available information. The VC is further used to leverage the charging and discharging of the SFC's battery. An algorithm, which runs in real-time, is proposed to manage the optimal charging and discharging of the SFC's storage and to trade energy with different entities in the system to optimize the cost at any given time. Numerical case studies are provided to show the beneficial properties of the proposed scheme.


CatalogID: LS-C16522 Target Protein: Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 1 (GRM1) Family / Subfamily: GPCR / Metabotropic glutamate Host: Rabbit Clonality: Polyclonal Antigen Species: Human Antigen Type: Synthetic peptide Epitope: Synthetic peptide [KLH conjugated] made to the 1st Extracellular Loop Species Reactivity: Human Purification: Affinity purified Volume: 50 μl Presentation: PBS, pH 7.4, 0.01% sodium azide Recommended Storage: Long term: Add glycerol (40-50%) -20°C; Short term: +4°C Uses: IHC-P, IHC (Optimal dilution to be determined by the researcher)


Abstract The need for economic efficiency and safety has driven the development of large and complex chemical plants. Due to the presence of interactions, controlling such plants are often difficult. This paper aims to address this issue by developing a networked-based process control approach. In this framework, a plantwide process is modeled as network of process units which is controlled by a network of autonomous controllers. The controllers within the network operate with different sampling rates and communicate with each other asynchronously, to allow flexibility and better utilization of communication bandwidth. A key feature of controller network is the connective stability among controllers, which ensures plantwide stability when communication problems such as data packet drop-outs occur. Using the concept of dissipativity, plantwide connective stability and global performance is translated into conditions for which each controller has to satisfy. The controllers are then designed individually to form an autonomous and distributed control system.


.. Vlll Chapter 1. Literature review 1 Chapter 2. Generation of primary and secondary alloreactive Tc cells using VV encoding MHC class I. 47 Appendix to Chapter 2.


One of the primary concerns of pension policymakers has been the tendency of plan participants to spend their retirement savings as soon as such funds can be distributed. With a mobile workforce, plan distributions can occur well before retirement age, because employees who change jobs often have the option of receiving their retirement plan accounts at termination. The government wants to encourage those who are receiving pension distributions and can otherwise afford to do so to continue to save these funds for retirement, and so enjoy the miracle of compound interest rather than the pleasures of a boat, car, or high-definition television. Because this battle is a difficult one to win in our consumer-oriented world, policymakers use a variety of methods to encourage plan participants to preserve their retirement benefits until they reach retirement age. For example, although it does not seem to stop the popularity of lump sum distributions, the law requires use of annuities as the automatic form of benefit in defined benefit plans (absent an election), and imposes a 20 percent withholding tax on lump sums from all plans that are not rolled over. The most recent actions by the policymakers occurred in the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 (EGTRRA) and took two forms. First, Congress authorized the establishment of "deemed IRAs" as part of a qualified retirement plan or 401(k) plan. This measure allows plans to use their administrative procedures to give participants "one-stop shopping" for both their IRAs and qualified plans, thus, encouraging


In India, the annual incidence rates for colon cancer are 4.4 (males) and 3.9 (females) per 100,000. A common guideline for the management of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in the Indian subcontinent is lacking. Four virtual advisory board meetings consisting of a panel of 31 experts were conducted to discuss and arrive at a consensus on the treatment patterns and clinical evidence on the management of mCRC in Indian patients. The consensus covered the entirety of treatment patterns suited for the Indian subcontinent and its alignment with Pan-Asian adapted European Society for Medical Oncology guidelines. Recommendations were provided for choosing the first- and second-line agents for treatment. Types of, recommendations for, and management using salvage therapy and immunotherapy as well as management of adverse effects were discussed. Thus, the mCRC consensus is expected to serve as effective and readily available guidance for practicing oncologists across India.


Abstract : Work on the monitor has concentrated on three aspects: furthering the conceptual design, implementing the lower level mechanisms of the monitor and designing and implementing the relational monitor. At this point, we have a fairly complete idea of the tasks the various components perform and how these components will interact. The components are: StarMon, low level data collection under the StarOS operating system on CM*, consisting of two processes: Accountant, interfaces to the Simon Accountant via the EtherNet; MonProc, performs name translation, enabling of events and miscellaneous services. Medic, low level collection under the Medusa operating system on CM*, Simon Accountant interfaces with the resident monitor (either StarMon or Medic using a system-independent protocal; Simon, the computing engine' for deriving high level information from event records; Control, accepts queries from the user in a declarative language and translates these queries into update networks for Simon. At this point, the first three components are nearing completion. Once their condition is stable, sensors will be placed throughout both StarOS and Medusa to provide a source of event records for Simon. The structure of Simon has been implemented, although more work is necessary. The Control component has been partially designed and is in the early stages of implementation. Also the a Sensor Definition facility has been designed and implemented.


The school bus routing problem with bus stop selection (SBRP-BSS) seeks to plan an efficient schedule for a fleet of school buses that pick up students from various bus stops and deliver them to the school. SBRP-BSS has three separate but interrelated issues: (1) determine the set of bus stops to visit, (2) determine for each student which bus stop (s)he should walk to, and (3) determine routes that lie along the chosen bus stops, so that the total traveled distance is minimized. For solving the problem and finding a suitable solution, an estimation of distribution algorithm-based approach is proposed contrary to current research. Different and diverse instances from Schittekat et al. [1] served as input and test parameters in order to show that permutation-based optimization problems such as the SBRP-BSS can be solved by means of probabilistic models. The approach mentioned makes use of probability models to show that there exist relationships and interactions between the bus stops and the positions on the sequence of the SBRP-BSS solution. The results obtained show that the probability models used in this novel research can estimate suitable positions for the bus stops on the sequence of the routes.


History The owner had purchased 48 head of Hereford heifers (300-500 lbs) to establish a cowcalf herd. Twenty-three of these were purchased from stockyards four weeks previous to the poisoning; one week later, eight others were acquired locally and 17 Western heifers arrived tvo weeks previous to the poisoning. The cattle were housed in a pole barn with a large dirt yard where the animals were allowed to run. The cattle were fed from a dirt floor manger and initially received hay but had been changed to a ration of 350 lbs of corn silage, three bales of hay and 30 lbs of ground corn chop for one week. The first distressed animal was found by the owner who said he thought "the heifer had something caught in her throat." He passed a stomach tube but found no obstruction. The next morning the -heifer was dead. She had chewed the wood on the manger before death. On post mortem examination, the rumen was full, the intestines were filled with a greencoloured fluid and petechial hemorrhages were seen in the lower trachea. The carcass had the odour of "turnips". When quizzed about the odour, the owner was unable to identify it. Two weeks previously, another heifer had been found recumbent; she was salivating, exhibiting muscular tremors, was completely anorexic, had diarrhea and a temperature of 95°F. The heifer was force fed and stood after two weeks of recumbency (H. W. Cooper, Forest, Ontario).


The design of self oxidation-resistant catalytic materials based on organic molecules, although advantageous due to the ability to control their structures, is limited by the presence of labile C–H...


An improved gallium arsenide (GaAs) MESFET model for nonlinear large-signal circuit design is described, together with the parameter estimation and optimisation techniques. The new model is based on the work of Curtice (1980) and offers significant advantages in the simulation of the device in the low-current region. This is achieved by modelling the bias dependency of the pinch-off voltage. Data showing the bias dependency of the device model parameters is provided and a comparison between the new model, the Curtice model and the Schichman-Hodges FET model is made, with the use of a wide variety of different size devices. The software modules for the automated characterisation and modelling of GaAs devices are also described.


Fire retardant intumescent coatings which produce a swollen char on heating are being frequently used to protect buildings containing structural steel from the effects of exposure to high temperatures caused by fire. This paper contains details of a study carried out using thermal analysis techniques to elucidate the mechanisms of the development of intumescent chars during the heating of an intumescent coating system based on ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol and melamine. In particular, the role of melamine as the spumific agent has been studied. The melamine is shown to react chemically with the ammonium polyphosphate in addition to carrying out its role as the spumific, or blowing agent.


The purpose of this study was to see the theoretical and practical application of the Murabahah contract at the Tegalkalong Large Mosque Sharia Cooperative. This research uses a qualitative approach with a study method and collects detailed and in-depth information using several data procedures over a certain period. The results of this study indicate that in general the practice of the Murabahah contract at the Tegalkalong Grand Mosque Sharia Cooperative is in accordance with the MUI DSN Fatwa NO: 04 / DSN-MUI / IV / 2000 concerning Murabahah. However, there are 2 (two) points in the fatwa provisions regarding murabahah that are not in accordance with the practices carried out by the Tegalkalong Grand Mosque Sharia Cooperative, namely, the purchase of goods is represented by members, and members who buy goods on their own behalf, not on behalf of the cooperative. and when the cooperative performs a murabahah contract, at the same time the cooperative that carries out the wakalah contract because the purchase of goods is represented by the member and the member buys goods that have been agreed upon by themselves, this means that the murabahah contract is carried out before the goods become the property of the cooperative.


Directional beamforming with large antenna arrays is key to mitigating the substantial signal loss experienced at the millimeter wave frequency band, important to fifth generation (5G) cellular systems and next generation wireless local area networks, where it entails a significant increase in the number of beams. This paper is motivated by the realization that the underlying problem of finding the optimal set of beam steering directions will benefit from fundamental signal processing methodologies, and specifically from basic principles and algorithms for cluster analysis. Earlier work by authors established the equivalence between the problem of optimizing a set of beam steering directions and the classical problems of clustering and quantizer design, albeit with an unusual distortion measure. Subsequently in [1], a k-means-like approach was derived to optimize beam steering directions and guarantee convergence to at least locally optimal solution. The main contribution of this work is the derivation of a global optimization approach within the deterministic annealing framework, to circumvent poor local optima that riddle the cost surface. Simulation results show that the approach delivers considerable gains over the baseline uniform beam steering technique, specifically, up to 6 dB and 13 dB gains, in terms of average and 10th percentile of the power array factor, respectively, as well as up to 6.5 dB gain in the average Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR).


This study aims to reveal the foundation of ontology, epistemology and axiology in an article entitled "Analysis of the Character Education Content of the Social Studies Textbooks of Junior High Schools in Surakarta City" written by Permatasari. This research is an inferential content analysis research. namely the foundation of ontology, epistemology and axiology, or in other words what, how and where is the science. The technique used in this research is the content analysis technique. The validity and reliability in this study were intraritarian semantics (test retest reliability). The results showed that: 1) the foundation of the ontology used consisted of material objects, namely the content of character education in social studies textbooks in the city of Surabaya; 2) the epistemological foundation consists of steps 3) the axiological foundation in the form of the benefits of character education values developed in the social studies textbooks in the city of Surabaya which have ethical (religious) and moral values.


Each year, doctors in the U.S. perform 14 million orthopedic surgeries. Once patients are sewn up, their recovering tissues can be monitored only via infrequent snapshots taken with ultrasound or m...


The digital divide is the gap between those that have access to vital information technology resources and those that do not have access to those resources. There are two primary ways in which the gap is enacted, through lack of technical skill and through a physical limitation on access to technology. The digital divide is caused by and reinforces traditional systems of inequality such as race, socioeconomic status and gender. People caught in the divide are disadvantaged in their access to social interaction, health and governmental information, general educational opportunities and access to some services such as healthcare and financial services.


Efficient utilization of multi-tonnage oil sludge is one of the urgent environmental problems. The industry that produces construction materials has unlimited opportunities for the use of multi-tonnage waste. In this paper, it is shown that it is most expedient to use multi-tonnage waste from oil production-drilling sludge and petrochemical waste-spent catalyst in the production of porous aggregates whose thermal conductivity is not more than 0.25 W/m·deg. Developed on the basis of the above waste and liquid-glass compositions, compositions for the production of porous aggregates that have high compressive strength and softening coefficient, and at the same time the grade for the bulk density of products does not exceed M400.


On the basis of titrations, dosage-response curves were obtained for three types of response to viable epidemic typhus rickettsiae: acute lethal toxic effect in mice, lethal infection in cotton rats, and immunity in cotton rats. The following approximate relationships were revealed: one mouse LD50 equals 101 cotton rat LD50 or 106.5 cotton rat ID50; one cotton rat LD50 equals 105.5 cotton rat ID50. A dose which kills one hundred per cent of mice by an acute toxic effect contains at least one lethal infective dose for cotton rats when administered by the intracardial route. These observations are discussed in relation to the problem of detecting and measuring immunity by a challenge of test cotton rats.


In this paper, a 60-GHz retrodirective array system is proposed with an efficient power management. The system consists of three sections; a retrodirective array, a local oscillator (LO), and a power management. For efficient battery operation of the retrodirective array, the power management circuit controls the power of the LO by way of a rectenna technology. While there is no interrogating signal, it is initially in a sleeping mode where the system is off with extremely low power. When it is interrogated by an RF signal, the system is awaken and starts consuming full power. The proposed idea is experimentally demonstrated. When the received power density is larger than 0.013 mW/cm 2, the system turns on and starts working as a retrodirective array


The article discusses modern approaches to reports on the sustainable development of industrial enterprises. The components of the sustainable development reports are presented in the article on the example of the reports of Rosneft , a socially responsible company that consistently implements its policy aimed at the integrated socio-economic development of the company's activities. As a leader in the oil and gas industry, the company remains committed to the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals and the core principles of the UN Global Compact.


Abstract The fourth volume of ›Germania Litteraria Mediaevalis Francigena‹, edited by G. H. M. Claassens, F. P. Knapp and H. Kugler, is devoted to historical and religious narrative ›matières‹ and genres. The individual chapters' valuation establishes a basis for a wider view of the new understanding the project in its entirety and this issue in particular brings to German and Dutch literature of French and Occitan origins in the 12th and 13th centuries. The individual profile of German and Dutch reception receives special attention, especially in light of discrepancies and asynchronicities between them. The scholarship also does not shy away from discussion of the ›resistence‹ of the francigene, which proved an unavoidable thorn in the side of every author undertaking an adaptation.


Background/Aims Initiative to improve the quality and safety of pharmaceutical care have lead to the development of quality of care measures including standards for the appropriate monitoring of high-risk medications (defined as medications commonly implicated in adverse drug events or with narrow therapeutic window). While low rates of laboratory monitoring of high-risk medications might indicate poor physician performance, it is unclear how much patient non-adherence to physician-ordered tests contribute to undermeasruement of physician quality. The study aim is to determine, for Health Employer Data Information Set (HEDIS) quality of care, high-risk medication laboratory monitoring measures: the prevalence of completion of recommended monitoring tests; and the proportion of incomplete testing attributable to lack of clinician test ordering relative to patient non-adherence to ordered tests. Methods and Results We measured the ordering and completion of laboratory tests for HEDIS-based high-risk medications (ACE inhibitors, ARBs, digoxin and diuretics, and anticonvulants) in a large multispecialty group practice between January 1, 2008 and July 31, 2008. Laboratory test completion for HEDIS cardiovascular drugs was higher than for anticonvulsants. Each cardiovascular drug had a completion rate of > 85%, while the completion rate for anticonvulsants ranged from 30–75%. The lowest test completion rate was for phenobarbital levels to monitor phenobarbital (30%). For all cardiovascular and anticonvulsant drugs, the proportion of recommended tests not ordered by the clinician ranged from 5% to 60%. The lowest test order prevalence was for phenobarbital level for phenobarbital use (35%), followed by valproic acid level for valproate use(48%), and carbamazepine level for carbamazepine use (60%). Rates of patient noncompletion of ordered tests for all drugs was generally <10%. Conclusion Completion of laboratory monitoring tests for high-risk cardiovascular medications was higher than for high-risk anticonvulsants according to HEDIS guidelines. Clinician ordering behavior exhibited more variation than patient adherence to test orders. Underestimation of HEDIS quality of care monitoring due to patient non-adherence is minimal for cardiovascular medications, but higher for anticonvulsants.


Numerical and experimental investigations are performed for the rarefied flow of nitrogen through a small nozzle which is expanded into near-vacuum conditions. Two different numerical studies are undertaken: the first employs a continuum approach in solving the Navier-Stokes equations, and the second employs a particle approach through use of the direct simulation Monte Carlo method (DSMC). The experimental investigation concerns the measurement of pressure, using a Pitot tube, in the nozzle exit plane and near-field of the plume. Comparison of the experimental and numerical data at the nozzle exit reveals that the DSMC technique provides the more accurate description of the expanding flow. It is discovered that the DSMC solutions are quite sensitive to the model employed to simulate the interaction between the gas and the nozzle wall surface. It is concluded that the simplistic fully diffuse model is quite satisfactory for the present application.


A nonequilibrium BBGYK hierarchy is truncated at the two‐body equation by a dynamical superposition approximation equivalent to neglecting three‐body deviations from equilibrium in the triplet distribution function. This truncated hierarchy is solved by iteration in the case of a fluid system near equilibrium. The solutions are partially summed to series that are nearly series in the strength of the potential.


The invention discloses a control method and a terminal unit for reporting measurement reports. The method comprises steps of sending a measurement report request to a terminal via a network premise equipment, adjusting a period of reporting a measurement report according to the state of the measurement object after the state of a current measurement object is obtained by the terminal, reporting the measurement report to the network premise equipment according to the adjusted period. Therefore adaptive adjustment to the reporting period of the measurement report based on the state of the measurement object is realized, situations such as air interface resource waste which can be caused by reporting a measurement report according to a fixed reporting period in the prior art or a measurement report can not be timely obtained by network premise equipment and the like can be avoided, and reporting process of the measurement report is more reasonable.


INTRODUCTION
In December 2001, an outbreak of foodborne gastroenteritis infected 114 of 161 people who ate at a restaurant in Aracaju, State of Sergipe, Brazil.

METHODS
The epidemiological and microbiological aspects of the outbreak were characterized.

RESULTS
Potato salad made with homemade mayonnaise and stored at unsuitable temperatures was associated with increased risk of foodborne infection. Salmonella Enteritidis was isolated from the diarrheal stools of the hospitalized patients, and genotyping of the fecal samples generated identical randomly amplified polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) profiles.

CONCLUSIONS
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first and the only record of a gastrointestinal outbreak in Sergipe.


permission if you are interested in citing this paper or any portion of it. This paper is distributed in the expectation that it may elicit useful comments. The views expressed in this piece are those of the authors and should not be attributed to the staff, officers or trustees of the Brookings Institution. Do Increases in Pell and Other Grant Awards Increase CollegeGoing among Lower Income High School Graduates?


ABSTRACT With a focus on popular entertainments in Australia at the turn of the twentieth century, this article examines the aesthetic slippage that occurred between the circus and the variety theatre. Utilising the lens of science – or more particularly, popular science – it examines circus-style acts that either promoted recent scientific understanding, or that were received by audiences as evidence of scientifically structured human activity. By the end of the nineteenth century, circus owners defended their display of animals on the basis that they were guardians and promoters of new understanding in the field of natural history. Acts that promoted interest in animal intelligence and interspecies communication are identified as transferring from the circus to the variety theatre in Australia. Performances that reflected interest in human physiology and health sciences are similarly highlighted as originating at the circus and subsequently being sustained at the variety theatre. In the early years of the twentieth century extraordinary displays of human strength, speed and agility were positioned within the field of medical and health science by the owners of variety theatres and circuses. This article explores the ways that circus and the variety theatre mediated science for Australia's popular audiences at the turn of the twentieth century. It contributes new understanding about ways the circus manifested and evolved in different regions at different times and responded to multiple social and industrial influences within its geographic context.


The People's Republic of China is the world's second largest economy. Beginning in the 1980s, substantial economic growth combined with political and regulatory changes led to a dramatic increase in non-performing loans. By the turn of the century, 1/4 of loans held by Chinese banks were overdue. This article examines how China managed its non-performing loans, discusses bad debt in China today, and provides suggestions for how it should tailor its non-performing loan strategy as its economy continues to slow.


CONCERNS BROUGHT THE INVENTION NEW Amides of general formula O ARIL (I), wherein n, R1 to R4 YX DICE HAVE MEANING IN THE DESCRIPTION, a process for their preparation and their use in pharmaceutical agents.


Glucocorticoids (GCs) are an essential component of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) therapy. To identify genes mediating the anti-leukemic GC effects in vivo, we performed gene expression profiling of lymphoblasts from 46 children during the first 6-24h of systemic GC mono-therapy. Differential gene expression analysis across all patients revealed a considerable number of GC-regulated genes (190 induced, 179 repressed at 24h). However, when 4 leukemia subtypes (T-ALL, ETV6-RUNX1+, hyperdiploid, other preB-ALLs) were analyzed individually only 17 genes were regulated in all of them showing subtype-specificity of the transcriptional response. Cell cycle-related genes were down-regulated in the majority of patients, while no common changes in apoptosis genes could be identified. Surprisingly, none of the cell cycle or apoptosis genes correlated well with the reduction of peripheral blasts used as parameter for treatment response. These data suggest that (a) GC effects on cell cycle are independent of the cell death response and (b) GC-induced cell death cannot be explained by a single transcriptional pathway conserved in all subtypes. To unravel more complex, potentially novel pathways, we employed machine learning algorithms using an iterative elastic net approach, which identified gene expression signatures that correlated with the clinical response.


This research examines the character development of Katniss Everdeen, the protagonist in Suzanne Collins' The Hunger Games trilogy. It attempts to investigate whether socioeconomic factors play a role in Katniss's character development. To address this question, Marxism was adopted as the theoretical framework to analyze Katniss's character development. The results of the research indicate that the development of Katniss Everdeen as a character is a product of the socioeconomic power struggle within the society, both coming from the socioeconomic classes and the two presidents in Panem.


A graphene based saturable absorber (SA) on stable mode-locked fiber laser (MLFL) employing nano-micro dispersant is proposed. A short pulse of 382 fs and 3-dB bandwidth of 6.66 nm were obtained. This study demonstrates that a homogeneously dispersed graphene SA is necessary for producing stable-ultrafast and high-performance MLFLs.


Cross-national management articles published in 24 major management-related journals from 1981 to 1987 are reviewed. The methods used in the quantitative articles are categorized according to the characteristics of the research sites, data, and analytical methods. The review indicates increasing methodological sensitivity, complexity, and sophistication as compared to that found in earlier reviews. Improvement in the field could occur through improved understanding of the inherent limitations in cross-cultural equivalence and through increased attention to qualitative analysis as a means to handle the 'etic-emic' dilemma.


Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-efficacy and job performance of librarian's in university libraries in Nigeria. There seems to be a gap in literature on the actual level of self-efficacy of librarians and job performance. The survey research design of the correlational type was adopted for the study. Total enumeration method was used to cover all the 364 librarians in university librarians in south-west, Nigeria. The instrument used for data collection was the questionnaire titled: Self-efficacy and Job Performance of Librarian's Scale (SEJPLS). The instruments were validated using construct and face validity. Cronbach's alpha test was used to determine the reliability of the main constructs. Level of self-efficacy α = 0.668 and level of job performance α = 0.973. A total of 277 copies of the questionnaire (76.1%) were returned. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used for analyzed. The findings showed that self-efficacy of librarians was rated high (68.4%) while verbal/social persuasion was the most exhibited source of self-efficacy among librarians (mean = 11.5). finally, there was no significant relationship between self-efficacy and job performance (r = 0.04, p › .05). the study, concluded that even though there is a positive relationship between self-efficacy (r = .039) and job performance of librarians. There was no significant association of librarians' self-efficacy and their job performance. It is, therefore, recommended that institutional support is critical for effective job performance among librarians.


This article describes the taxonomy of Odontotropis Grunow including nine taxa with two new species (O. circularis Wise, O. danicus Debes ex Hustedt, O. carinata Grunow, O. arctica Suto sp. nov., O. reticulata Suto sp. nov., O. cristata Grunow, O. galeonis Hanna, O. hyalina Witt and O. birostrata Pantocsek) mostly from Arctic core materials (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, IODP Expedition 302), in addition to a synonymy list, light and scanning electron microscopy observations and several key references for each taxon. This genus is characterized by having a strongly vaulted frustule, a boat-shaped or circular outline with a sharp carina around the margin and a long history from the Cretaceous to the middle Eocene. The resting spores of Odontotropis may have had a similar ecological strategy to that of dinoflagellate cysts rather than Chaetoceros resting spores. The Odontotropis resting spore extinction occurred before the Eocene/Oligocene Event of Suto which was characterized by a Chaetoceros resting spore explosive diversification, an increase in abundance, and a decrease in valve size. These changes indicate that coastal conditions became unstable, whereby there was a regular seasonal environmental change involving the depletion and sporadic supply of nutrients, conditions more favorable to Chaetoceros resting spores than to dinoflagellate cysts.


Root and shoot biomass were measured across an 8 year chronosequence in mature and regenerating stands of tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd.), following cutting and burning in mature tanoak forests. Tanoak stump sprouts rapidly replaced leaf biomass but did not maintain preexisting root systems. Rather, root biomass declined for several years, with the largest proportional decline in extra-fine roots. Four years after harvest, live root biomasses in diameter classes 0.25–2.00 and 0.25–5.00 mm were 25% and 30% of values in mature tanoak forests, respectively. The proportion of dead roots was strongly correlated with maximum summer soil temperature. Root/shoot ratios recovered to preharvest values by age 3–4 years, at which time the live biomass of fine roots and leaf biomass was approximately 30%–40% of values in mature forest. From age 4 to 8 years, stable root/shoot ratios were associated with a three- to four-fold reduction in growth rate of leaf biomass and a proportional increase in ...


Summary:  The immune system is capable of recognizing and eliminating an enormous array of pathogens due to the extremely diverse antigen receptor repertoire of T and B lymphocytes. However, the development of lymphocytes bearing receptors with unique specificities requires the generation of programmed double strand breaks (DSBs) coupled with bursts of proliferation, rendering lymphocytes susceptible to mutations contributing to oncogenic transformation. Consequently, mechanisms responsible for monitoring global genomic integrity must be activated during lymphocyte development to limit the oncogenic potential of antigen receptor locus recombination. Mutations in ATM (ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated), a kinase that coordinates DSB monitoring and the response to DNA damage, result in impaired T‐cell development and predispose to T‐cell leukemia. Here, we review recent evidence providing insight into the mechanisms by which ATM promotes normal lymphocyte development and protects from neoplastic transformation.


The method of operation of the drag and propulsion system and an engine exhaust system integrated thereto for reducing the thermal load is disclosed. In one embodiment, the propulsion system comprises an engine equipment to be mounted on a wing assembly of the aircraft. Engine plant includes an exhaust system operably coupled to the engine and the engine. The exhaust system comprises at least one nozzle to exhaust an exhaust flow from the engine. The nozzle, including in the first shape to change at least a part of the flow field, the image of the near nozzle flow field on the wing assembly, the parts of the variable to vary the outlet opening of the nozzle to the second shape, the drag on the wing assembly, and at least one of the thermal load It reduces one. In another embodiment, the exhaust system comprises a core including the outer nozzle and the outer nozzle for evacuating the inside of the nozzle and the second exhaust stream to the exhaust the exhaust flow has parts of the variable to vary the exit opening of the outer nozzle . Drag, thermal stress, the exhaust flow, the flow field, the variable portion, an outlet opening


Development and migration are intrinsically connected. The mainstream paradigms that explain their connection hold a contradicting discussion between an "optimistic" approach that recognizes migration's potential for development of migrant-sending countries, and "pessimistic" views that explain migration as a consequence of capital structuralism and underdevelopment.


In World out of balance, Stephen Brooks and William Wohlforth make a valuable contribution to ongoing debate about the systemic effects of unipolarity and the durability of US primacy. They are correct that unipolarity engenders systemic stability because the power gap between the United States and potential rivals forestalls military balancing. However, Brooks and Wohlforth underweight other means through which major states are resisting US power and they fail to appreciate that the systemic characteristics of unipolarity may change in relatively short order.


Role of ultrasonography in diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children is being debated. This study was conducted ahead of a clinical trial and aimed to evaluate the adjunctive role of ultrasonography in this group.


Abstract Treatment of common marmosets with 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine(MPTP; 1–4mg/kgfor up to 4 days) caused a profound parkinsonian state. Ten days from the start of MPTP treatment, all animals showed marked motor impairment, consisting of bradykinesia and akinesia, limb rigidity, postural abnormalities, loss of vocalisation and blink reflex, and, on occasions, postural tremor. Measurement of caudate‐putamen monoamine content at this time showed a profound loss in 3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl‐ethylamine, homovanillic acid, and 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid concentrations. Measurement of neuropeptide concentrations in the caudate‐putamen, internal and external segments of the globus pallidus, nucleus accumbens, substantia nigra, frontal cortex, and hippocampus showed met‐enkephalin, leu‐enkephalin, and cholecystokinin (CCK‐8) concentrations to be unaffected by MPTP treatment. There was a small decrease in the substance P content of frontal cortex, but otherwise the content of this neuropeptide was unaltered. Parkinsonism in the marmoset, induced by MPTP treatment 10 days earlier, does not alter neuropeptide concentrations in the manner observed in Parkinson's disease.


AIM: To observe the changes of perilipin and adipose differentiation-related protein(ADRP) during the development of diabetes mellitus and to explore the effect of perilipin and ADRP on abnormal glucose metabolism with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease( NAFLD). METHODS: The rat model of impaired glucose tolerance( IGT) was induced by feeding high-fat diet,and the type 2 diabetes mellitus( T2DM) model was induced by feeding high-fat diet for 4weeks and intraperitoneally injecting streptozotocin. The morphological change of the liver tissue was observed under optical microscope. The serum contents of perilipin and ADRP were measured by ELISA. The mRNA expression of perilipin and ADRP in the liver tissues was detected by real-time PCR. The protein expression of ADRP in the liver tissues was determined by Western blotting. RESULTS: HE staining showed steatosis in the liver of the rats in IGT group was more serious than that in T2 DM group. The biochemical and the pathological processes of rat models were consistent with the clinical feature of related diseases. The serum content of perilipin had no difference among various groups. The mRNA expression of perilipin in IGT group and T2 DM group was significantly higher than that in control group. Compared with IGT group,the mRNA expression of perilipin in T2 DM group was significantly increased. The serum content of ADRP in T2 DM group was significantly lower than that in control group. The mRNA and protein expression of ADRP in model groups was significantly lower than that in control group. Compared with IGT group,the mRNA expression of ADRP in T2 DM group was significantly reduced. CONCLUSION: The serum content of ADRP plays a role in the development and progression of T2 DM. It is negatively correlated with HOMA-IR. NAFLD occurs during progression of abnormal glucose metabolism induced by feeding high-fat diet. The development of abnormal glucose metabolism with NAFLD is probably related to the increased expression of perilipin and the reduced expression of ADRP.


Linearized model collision operators for multiple ion species plasmas are presented that conserve particles, momentum, and energy and satisfy adjointness relations and Boltzmann's H-theorem even for collisions between different particle species with unequal temperatures. The model collision operators are also written in the gyrophase-averaged form that can be applied to the gyrokinetic equation. Balance equations for the turbulent entropy density, the energy of electromagnetic fluctuations, the turbulent transport fluxes of particle and heat, and the collisional dissipation are derived from the gyrokinetic equation including the collision term and Maxwell equations. It is shown that, in the steady turbulence, the entropy produced by the turbulent transport fluxes is dissipated in part by collisions in the nonzonal-mode region and in part by those in the zonal-mode region after the nonlinear entropy transfer from nonzonal to zonal modes.