ABSTRACT Air pollution is a major issue related to national economy and people's livelihood. At present, the researches on air pollution mostly focus on the pollutant emissions in a specific industry or region as a whole, and is a lack of attention to enterprise pollutant emissions from the micro level. Limited by the amount and time granularity of data from enterprises, enterprise pollutant emissions are still understudied. Driven by big data of air pollution emissions of industrial enterprises monitored in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the data mining of enterprises pollution emissions is carried out in the paper, including the association analysis between different features based on grey association, the association mining between different data based on association rule and the outlier detection based on clustering. The results show that: (1) The industries affecting NOx and SO2 mainly are electric power, heat production and supply industry, metal smelting and processing industries in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei; (2) These districts nearby Hengshui and Shijiazhuang city in Hebei province form strong association rules; (3) The industrial enterprises in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei are divided into six clusters, of which three categories belong to outliers with excessive emissions of total VOCs, PM and NH3 respectively.


This article explores the convergence of the Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) model for addictions with recent advances in empirically supported cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for addictions. This convergence stems from CBT entering its "third wave," which incorporates techniques associated with mindfulness, meditation, and Buddhist philosophy and practice. Research findings associated with various third-wave CBT treatment programs on substance abuse outcome will be reviewed. Implications for research on 12-Step interventions based on areas of convergence of these psychotherapeutic approaches are also discussed.


Investigations have been made for the first time of the thermal expansion of (CuInSe 2 ) 1-x- (2ZnSe) x solid solutions. It has been demonstrated that the thermal expansion coefficient α L grows considerably in the temperature range from 77 to 300 K whereas the temperature dependence above 300 K is rather weak. The solid solutions with 0 x 0.4. The isotherms of the composition dependence of α L for 77, 293 and 623 K were constructed. They are linear within one-phase ranges with the chalcopyrite structure (0 < x ≤ 0.3) or sphalerite structure (x ≥ 0.4).


We derive an effective low-energy theory of disordered interacting quantum wires. Our theory describes Anderson localization in the limit of vanishing dephasing and reduces to standard abelian bosonization in the limit of vanishing disorder. In a system with many transport channels, it exhibits the diffusive physics characteristic for multi-channel quantum wires.


The diversity of methodological approaches and lack of pathogenetically reasonable tactics for patients with combined ocular injuries became the basis for the development and systematization of surgical rehabilitation stages of patients, in whom post-traumatic cataract is combined with post-traumatic aniridia and corneal scarring.

AIM
to construct a visual rehabilitation approach to patients with post-traumatic defects of the anterior eye segment following optical-reconstructive surgery that involved implantation of an iris-lens diaphragm (ILD).

MATERIAL AND METHODS
We have analyzed 80 reconstructive cases with ILD implantation in patients with post-traumatic aniridia and corneal damage. These patients constituted the first study group (Group 1). We have also investigated 58 eyes with residual ametropy and stable visual function 1 year after ILD implantation before and after conducting a laser keratorefractive surgery. These patients were assigned to the second study group (Group 2).

RESULTS
Rehabilitation approach to patients after anterior segment injuries that has been proposed allows to achieve high clinical and functional results and reduce the risk of intra- and postoperative complications.

CONCLUSION
The proposed approach to patients after optical-reconstructive surgery with iris-lens diaphragm implantation followed by keratorefractive surgery is an effective method of visual rehabilitation of anterior eye segment post-traumatic defects.


Decades before writing An Outline of Psychoanalysis, Freud's Project for a Scientific Psychology attempted to define the unconscious in neurological terms. Due to the technological restraints of the time, Freud was forced to abandon the Project and turn his focus to investigating the unconscious though dream analysis (Roffman & Gerber, 2008). In modern times, biological discoveries continue to inform and support hypotheses about the development and amelioration of psychological distress. The body of research identifying biological support for the cognitive theory of depression may serve as an exemplar for furthering the study and practice of psychoanalysis.


TODAY, management is being "dazzled by the science" of information systems, computers and operations research techniques. Frequently, glib incompetents intimidate management into using these tools, while, in the other extreme, it rejects them because competent practitioners frighten management.


PCR and fluorescent in situ hybridization probes were used to assay for the presence of the dinoflagellate Pfiesteria piscicida in 170 estuarine water samples collected from New York to nothem Florida. 20% of samples tested positive for the presence of P. piscicida, including sites where fish kills due to Pjiesteria have occurred and sites where there was no historical evidence of such events. The results extend the lmown range of P. piscicida northward to Long Island, New York. The results also suggest that P. piscicida is a common, and normally benign, inhabitant of estuarine waters of the eastern


Education in Indonesia nowadays is faced with the problem of low learning outcomes or achievements of learners. It is not independent of the various factors that affect the learning process in the classroom, such as the student's perceptions of teacher's skills in classroom management and the utilization of instructional media. This study aims to determine whether there is an influence of the student's perceptions about teacher's skills in classroom management and the utilization of instructional media towards economic learning outcomes of grade XI Social, SMA N 1 Purbolinggo District East Lampung academic year 2012/2013, amounting to 101 students with a sample size of 81 students. Method used in this research is descriptive verification with Ex Post Facto and Survey approach. Data obtained through documentation, interviews, observation and questionnaires. Hypotheses one and hypotheses two were using simple linear regression, to test the third hypotheses, using multiple linear regression. Based on data analysis results, showing that. 1) There is the influence of student's perceptions about teacher's skills in classroom management towards economic learning outcomes of XI Social, SMA N 1 Purbolinggo District East Lampung academic year 2012/2013 as evidenced from the results of the t test calculations show that tcount>ttable or 7094> 1.99. 2) There is the influence of the use of instructional media towards economic learning outcomes of XI Social, SMA Negeri 1 Purbolinggo District East Lampung academic year 2012/2013 as evidenced from the results of the t test calculations show that tcount>ttable or 4239> 1.9. 3) There is the influence of student's perceptions about teacher's skills in classroom management and utilization of instructional media towards economic learning outcomes of class XI Social, SMA Negeri 1 Purbolinggo District East Lampung academic year 2012/2013 as evidenced from the results of the test calculations show that Fcount> F table or 40,310> 3.11. Key words: teacher's skills in classroom management, the utilization of instructional media.


To explore the spine‐pelvis‐hip alignments in degenerative spinal deformity (DSD) patients, and compare the outcomes in the procedure of long‐fusion with posterior lumbar inter‐body fusion (PLIF) or single‐level three‐column osteotomy (STO) at lower lumbar level (LLL, L3‐S1) and thoracolumbar levels (TLL, T10‐L2) for those patients.


Basic behaviors of anisotropic properties of materials, relating to sheet metal forming processes, are discussed. The R-value is used to describe some forming problems including wrinkles and thinning failures. According to the analysis results, to point out that the anisotropic behaviors of materials affect the formability of blanks in some cases is very serious. Finally, a numerical example is presented to discuss this property further. INTRODUCTION During sheet metal forming, anisotropic properties of a material usually exhibit two different forms. One is concerned with the hardening behavior when measured along two different directions on the plane of the sheet, meaning the relationship of the stress and strain is different in different directions due to the anisotropic properties of the material. Another anisotropic property is the different thinning values when measured along the plane of the sheet instead of through the thickness direction. These directional properties are all named as anisotropic properties of materials. Because the properties are defined as the abilities of materials to keep a high location of a forming limit diagram (FLD), to resist thickness change and to decrease wrinkle failures, that means different anisotropic properties will lead into different forming results and formability. In this paper, we only discuss different thinning behaviors depended on the anisotropic properties and the R-values of materials in a required direction commonly used to describe these problems during sheet metal forming. As a matter of fact, shape of yielding spaces, thinning of formed blanks and wrinkles are all basically depended on the R-values when the anisotropic properties of a material are present. So we describe the anisotropic problems just around the R-values. APPROACH Because of the anisotropic properties present, many characteristics based on the plastic deformation will be changed, such as the yielding curve, strain space, thinning and etc. These basic behaviors must be understood first, if users want to apply the anisotropic properties to enhance forming processes. Stress and strain spaces depended on different R-values In order to simplify analyses, suppose that the anisotropic properties of the material are the same in the plane of the sheet, but different from the through thickness. Hills' (1948) yield criterion is used to discuss the anisotropic properties of material, which is expressed by the following: 2 1 2 12 22 11 2 22 2 11 1 1 2 2 1 2 ) ( + + + + − + = = σ σ σ σ σ σ σ R R R R F i (1) If we selectσ σ σ 11 22 33 , , as the principal stresses, Eq. (1) can be rewritten by:


Do you know what the new "Two Midnight Rule" is? You should as it is critical for physicians to appreciate.


The NSR navigation will have significant impacts on global maritime transport pattern and Sino-European trade. Based on the analysis of impact mechanism of NSR navigation on maritime trade, this paper establishes a gravity model and uses regression analysis to measure the trade potential between China and Europe. The assessment results show that China's trade potential to European countries has increased significantly after NSR navigation. The northern European countries are the most obvious, and the countries that have larger trade scale with China also show greater growth space, while the southern European countries do not show obvious superiority because of their geographical location. Keywords—northern sea route (NSR); trade potential; SinoEuropean trade; gravity model; regression analysis


In this paper,the development of solar sail is analyzed firstly,and then the IKAROS solar sail,which is interplanetary kite-craft accelerated by radiation of the sun and is the world's first solar sail successfully used in deep space spacecraft,and its key technologies are analyzed.The key technologies for Chinese solar sail or inflatable deployment structure such as system design,attitude control,deployment in space and space environment durability and so on are discussed.Finally,the suggestions that the large-scale light-weight deployment structure such as solar sail should be researched and developed as soon as possible are presented.


Hillary Clinton's 2008 presidential run brought with it an unwelcome reminder of the added obstacles women candidates often encounter. From "Iron my Shirt" banners to debates regarding whether Clinton was overly emotional or an ice princess, we were faced with gender stereotypes that have often plagued women in leadership roles. Her campaign strategy attempted to counteract preconceived notions of female candidates by accentuating Clinton's toughness and strength, even to the point of trying to "outmale" her opponents (e.g., see Lawrence and Rose 2010). The result was a prime example of the double bind in which women who appear strong are then seen as unlikeable (Jamieson 1995). However, Clinton reached new levels of popularity from 2008 to 2012 as secretary of state and a presumed presidential contender in 2016. This leads us to question whether she was able to successfully navigate the double bind—perhaps through additional offsetting information or her ability to competently handle the masculine position of secretary of state—or if public attitudes have evolved to a point where gender no longer matters in the assessment of political candidates.


The existing practice teaching system division method usually ignore the importance of students' subjectivity.This paper,from the point of viewof the students acquire,in combination with the learning theory to reconstruct practice teaching system.Based on the practice of teaching students' knowledge,behavior and the quality change degree,divided it into point,line and the type of practice teaching methods,and all kinds of methods are given by empirical examples.


We present results from a systematic search for broad ($\geq$ 400 \kms) \ha\ emission in Integral Field Spectroscopy data cubes of $\sim$1200 nearby galaxies obtained with PMAS and MUSE. We found 19 unique regions that pass our quality cuts, four of which match the locations of previously discovered SNe: one Type IIP, and three Type IIn, including the well-known SN 2005ip. We suggest that these objects are young Supernova Remnants, with bright and broad \ha\ emission powered by the interaction between the SN ejecta and dense circumstellar material. The stellar ages measured at the location of these SNR candidates are systematically lower by about 0.5 dex than those measured at the location of core collapse SNe, implying that their progenitors might be shorter lived and therefore more massive than a typical CC SN progenitor. The methods laid out in this work open a new window into the study of nearby SNe with Integral Field Spectroscopy.


The utility model relates to a fuse unit structure for a use. The fuse consists of an upper structure (8) and a lower structure (9) of an insulator body (2). An arc extinction cylinder (15) is arranged on the lower side of the upper structure (8) of the insulator body (2), and is an insulating cylinder sleeved outside a fuse unit (28). The fuse unit structure is characterized in that the fuse unit (28) comprises an upper contact (29) and a lower contact (36), which are connected through a fuse wire (30), wherein the upper contact (29) is connected with an upper fixed contact of the upper structure of the body; and the lower contact (36) is connected with a lower fixed contact of the lower structure of the body. The fuse unit structure has the advantages that the lower end of the upper contact of the fuse unit is opposite to the thick wall part of the insulator body, so that resistance to corona discharge is realized; an induction electric shock accident can be prevented; and damage to parts in the fuse can be reduced.


Optical interconnects possess great potential in applications for short-distance, multiple channel parallel connections at the chip-to-chip, board-to-board, back plane, and local area network levels of high performance computing environments. Low-loss and high-bandwidth advantages of optical fiber over those for coaxial cables become sizable when the transmission speed exceeds multiple Gb/s. OEIC (Opto-Electronic Integrated Circuits) receivers and transmitters are suitable for both free-space and fiber-optic short-wavelength optical links. Such chip sets will be able to support link distances from less than 1 mm for chip-to-chip optical interconnects to over 1 km for local area network (LAN) systems. As a high-speed optical receiver for these systems, monolithic OEICs are very attractive because of their potential for high-speed operation, compactness, and cost reduction. In this paper, we will review the theoretical speed limit of MSM (Metal-Semiconductor-Metal) photodetector. 3-dB bandwidth of 50x50 um2 MSM detector will be studied. The recent progress on the 100 GHz MESFET (Metal Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor), InP HFET (Heterojunction Field Effect Transistor) and their OEIC receivers are also presented.


The present invention relates to the field of communications. Disclosed are an inspection method, device, and system for controlling network access of a client, allowing, from multiple dimensions such as system kernel and system settings, for inspection and repair of damages made by malicious programs to the network access of client applications. Provided in embodiments of the present invention, the inspection method for controlling the network access of the client comprises: selecting a system setting inspection item on the basis of the system setting of the client; by utilizing the system setting inspection item and communication information of a network object that a client application needs to access, inspecting the communication between the client application and the network object; when the inspection result indicates that the communication is abnormal, repairing the system setting inspection item, and when the inspection result indicates that the communication is normal, allowing the client application to access the network object; when the repair of the system setting inspection item fails, inspecting a driver inspection item, when the inspection result indicates that the communication is abnormal, repairing the driver inspection item, and when the inspection result indicates that the communication is normal, allowing the client application to access the network object.


The use of teaching models is not popular among agricultural science teachers in most of our secondary school. This study therefore identified the effect of using teaching models in teaching agricultural science in senior secondary schools. The study use senior secondary schools in Bauchi metropolis. Two schools were randomly selected and used as experimental and control groups.Three research question and three hypotheses were formulated which guided the study. The findings of the study revealed that, there was a great improvement in the students' performance when teaching models were use in teaching them compare to the conventional method being used in teaching the same subject or topic. In conclusion, the study recommended that teachers should use models especially when teaching Agricultural science.


The advances of therapeutic drugs and their use in hyperlipidemia were reviewed. Therapeutic drugs for hyperlipidemia(lipid-regulating drugs) can be classified into 9 categories according to their structures and actions. Resins can decrease plasma total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), but they can not decrease plasma triglyceride (TG) level. Cholestyramine, one of the resins was shown by clinical trials to be able to reduce the death rate and myocardial infarction rate in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Statins including lovastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, and fluvastatin, etc were shown by many large scale clinical trials to be able to reduce the cardiac events and death rate of CAD. Statins mainly decrease TC and LDL-C, and also decrease plasma TG level moderately. Sitosterol when administered in general dose showed uncertain efficacy, and so is used less in clinical settings. Nicotinic acid mainly decreases TG and also decreases TC. It is with confirmed efficacy in the prevention of CAD, but with relatively more untoward reactions. Acipimox, a new drug of nicotinic acid derivatives is with less untoward reactions. Derivatives of fibric acid mainly decrease TG. Clofibrate of this category may increase tumors of the digestive tract and cholelithiasis, and is less advocated in clinical settings. Fenofibrate can decrease TG and TC, and also increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C). Large scale clinical trials are being undertaken to study their clinical efficacy. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are classified as ω-6 and ω-3 types. ω-3 PUFAs are with better clinical efficacy, but large scale clinical trials are needed. Mucopolysaccharides and polysaccharides have lipid-regulating effects, but the efficacy in the primary and secondary prevention of CAD need to be confirmed. Estrogen and/or progesterone replacement therapy can be used in postmenopausal women with CAD, and secondary prevention efficacy was found. Other lipid-regulating drugs, such as probucol have mild lipid-regulating effects, but may be beneficial to the prevention and treatment of CAD through their antioxidant effects.


Although current progress in surgical instruments is oriented towards stapler devices, minimally invasive instrumentation and advanced cautery tools, it definitely seems intriguing to determine what instruments were used in antiquity and to appraise their use. Most adequate information can be retrieved from manuscripts of early medical authors, of whom Paul of Aegina (AD 625–690), also being a most important surgeon, is the most recent. The aim of this study is to present surgical instruments used in his practice.


Objective To investigate the clinical significance of abnormal coagulation and fibrinolysis in AECOPD patients. Methods 120 patients with COPD were selected in this study,which included 68 patients at acute exacerbation stage and 52 patients at stable stage,and another 80 healthy volunteers were taken as the control group. Plasma prothrombin time( PTT),activated partial thromboplastin time( APTT),fibrinogen( FIB),platelets( PLT) and D-dimer( DD) were detected. Results PTT and APTT were significantly longer in the COPD group than in the control group( t = 3. 732 and 10. 430,P 0. 05),and the values of FIB,DD,PLT and other coagulation parameters were significantly higher in the COPD group than in the control group( P 0. 05). The levels of DD and PaCO 2 were significantly higher and the level of PaO 2 was lower in the acute exacerbation group than in the stable group( P 0. 05). There was no significant difference in FIB between the two groups( P 0. 05). Conclusion The blood of COPD patients is in a hypercoagulable state,and the state of hyper-coagulation and low-fiber is more conducive to thrombosis.


Evaluative adverbs: heureusement 'fortunately', malheureusement 'unfortunately', curieusement 'curiously', bizarrement 'strangely, oddly', incroyablement 'incredibly', étonnament 'amazingly', fâcheusement 'unfortunately', regrettablement 'regrettably', paradoxalement 'paradoxically', inexplicablement 'inexplicably', etc. In recent years, studied from two different point of views: • Semantic type (Bartsch, 1976; Wyner, 1997; Eckardt, 1998; Ernst, 2000; Geuder, 2000): do they take events, facts, or propositions as their argument? • Pragmatic status (Bartsch, 1976; Bellert, 1977; Bach, 1999; Green, 2000; Potts, 2003; Jayez and Rossari, to appear): not part of the main semantic content. Independent speech acts, ancillary propositions, conventional implicatures ? We show that evaluatives take a propositional argument, and commit the speaker to the truth of a proposition, although they are not asserted stricto sensu. We then concentrate on the syntax-semantics interface. We leave aside • the nature (and existence) of conventional implicatures; • the comparison of evaluatives with other purported CI-contributors.


An object of the present invention to provide a pigmentation for prevention or improvement that can more effectively exhibit the action of preventing or improving pigmentation composition. (A) adenosine 5'-phosphate 1 and at least one member selected from the group consisting of a salt thereof, and (B), arbutin, ellagic geusan, 4-alkyl resorcinol, linoleic acid, tranexamic acid, salts thereof, chamomile extract , and a combination of at least one member selected from the group consisting of ubiquinones, and uses them as a composition for preventing or improving pigmentation. Adenosine 5'-phosphate 1, Ella geusan, 4-alkyl resorcinol, linoleic acid, tranexamic acid, chamomile extract, ubiquinone


Cys4 and there is a disulfide bond between Cys11, X template fixed β- hairpin peptidomimetics cycloalkyl is Ala or Tyr (-Tyr-His-X- Cys-Ser-Ala- D Pro-Dab-Arg-Tyr-Cys These β- hairpin peptidomimetics can be prepared by methods using methods well known to those skilled in peptide chemistry, based on synthetic method combining solid and solution phase. .BACKGROUND


Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect of Condensed Pellet of Patent Drugs on Yiqiwenyang Therapy for Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis Methods:120 cases with Allergic Rhinitis were randomly divided into a treatment group(n=60)and a routine group(n=60).Recorded clinical symptom,body system and measured with content of serum sp ecific IgE(S-IgE)before and after immunotherapy separately,compared the two group with effect and content of serum sp ecific IgE(S-IgE) after 5-week immunotherapy;Recorded clinical symptom,body system and measured with content of serum sp ecific IgE(S-IgE)after following the cases for 1-year.Results:There were no statistic differences between two groups in effect and content of serum sp ecific IgE(S-IgE)for Curative effect in the near future.The effitive rate were 91.67% and 90% respectively in the treatment group and the routine group,There were no statistic differences with Content of serum sp ecific IgE(S-IgE)between the two group before and after immunotherapy.(before and after immunotherapy P0.05);But there were signficant statistic differences between two groups in the content of serum sp ecific IgE(S-IgE)for Curative effect at a specified future date after following the cases for 1-year.The effitive rate were 84.5% and 71.93% respectively,There were no statistic differences with Curative effect.Conclusion:These results support the idea that there were superiority Condensed Pellet of Patent Drugs on Yiqiwenyang Therapy for Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis in reducing Content of serum sp ecific IgE(S-IgE)at a specified future date.


asymptomatic. It is possible that selection bias towards symptomatic cases occurs in studies of IgE deficiency in specific clinical units but not in studies of participants who are randomly sampled from the general population. As expected, low IgE concentrations (as observed in the patients with PBC and the individuals from the general adult population) were negatively associated with respiratory allergy. Taken together, the results are consistent with a bias toward type-1 rather than type-2 cytokine responses in patients with PBC, as has been shown in peripheral blood mononuclear cells [14]. The hypothesis is further supported by the finding of low serum IgE concentrations in patients with sarcoidosis, a granulomatous disease with similarities and occasional overlapping with PBC [15]. Autoimmune diseases other than from thyroid disease were rare in the general population so as to investigate their relationship with IgE deficiency (Suppl. Table 1). Further studies are needed to investigate whether similar IgE findings are present in additional cell-mediated immune diseases.


There are many problems in Colleges and University Journals in respect of its column design,themes and topics,academic and editing,etc.The paper explores its causes,including social context,publishing mechanism and editors' quality and puts forwards some proposals such as featured column,improvement of editors' quality and complete related system.


In order to investigate the effect of electron beam on preservation of fresh-cut celery, the inhibiting action of electron beam irradiation at different doses on microorganisms of fresh-cut celery was studied,and the effects of the irradiation on the fresh-cut celery's nutritional quality inde-xes (such as vitamin C,soluble solids,total sugar and soluble protein)and physiological and biochemical indexes(such as respiration intensity and polyphenol oxidase) were tested.The results showed that the irradiation at a dose of 1 000 or 2 000 Gy could effectively inhibit the growth of the microorganisms and the polyphenol oxidase activity,significantly decrease the respiration and retard the increase of total sugar content,and besides,had no bad effect on the vitamin C and soluble solids.Stored at 4℃for 12 days,the fresh-cut celery irradiated at a dose of 1 000 Gy was still good in sensory index.According to the above results,the optimal dose of irradiating fresh-cut celery was 1 000 Gy.


Abstract The blunting line and fracture toughness in commercially pure titanium under mode I and mixed mode I/III loading was studied. A modified compact tension geometry was used for determining the blunting line as well as mixed mode I/III fracture toughness. The results showed that the constraint factor m in the blunting line equation under mode I loading was 1.84. Also, there was no effect of notch root radius on the slope of the blunting line. The blunting line slope under mixed mode I/III loading was found to be lower than that under mode I loading and agreed with empirical correlations. The fracture toughness under mode I loading was found to be higher for specimens with larger notch root radius. However, notch root independent fracture toughness could be obtained from blunt notch specimen tests using stretch zone width measurements. The fracture toughness was found to decrease with increasing mode III loading.


Policy languages have become the most common way to protect the online resources from unauthorized access. Nowadays, the Sun's XACML has become the most widely used standard for access control, allowing the definition of hierarchical policies and very complex rules.
From the idea that semantic technologies could help the definition and execution of access control policies, in this thesis we want to analyze the state of the art of the emerging semantic web technologies, focusing on the semantic approaches to access control, and in case there are any, the approaches whose base stands on XACML.


In an era when rising healthcare costs threaten the competitiveness of American businesses in an increasingly global marketplace, we describe Quad/Graphics on-site primary care (QuadMed) clinics tightly integrated with wellness, fitness, rehabilitation, and occupational medicine. We further describe the Lean You wellness program recently put in place to stem the rising burden of obesity. The Lean You program illustrates how an integrated employer and health provider system can become even more engaged in collaborative care with its employees. Financial and clinical data suggests that at Quad/Graphics–QuadMed, these full-service health service approaches are effective.


The properties of dilute solutions of poly(pentachlorophenyl methacrylate) in various solvents are studied by measurements of viscosity and osmotic pressure.

The unperturbed dimensions are determined in two Θ-solvents: benzene at 40°C, ethylbenzene at 25°C, and several other solvents such as toluene, chlorobenzene, o-xylene and o-dichlorobenzene at 25°C.

The results show a variation of the unperturbed dimensions with the solvent nature in good solvents. The flexibility factor, σ, calculated on the basis on the unperturbed dimensions in a Θ-solvent and the dimensions of a freely rotating chain is higher than that of other polymethacrylates with chlorinated aromatic side groups. The polymer-solvent interactions are discussed in relation to some other polymethacrylates.


Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the causative agent of porcine circovirus disease (PCVD) that regarded as one of the most important diseases endangering pig industry development. Immunization is one of the most effective ways to prevention and control PCV2 infection. Here, gene encoding capsid protein of a PCV2 from a farm of Chongqing was optimized, synthesized and inserted into the coat protein 10B gene of T7 phage to construct recombinant phage T7-Cap. Capsid protein expressed on the surface of phage T7-Cap was tested using western blot. Anti-PCV2 antibody in the serum was detected after the swine inoculated with T7-Cap. The virus clearance from the serum was assayed by PCR after T-Cap vaccinated pigs were challenged by PCV2. The results showed recombinant phage inserted with the PCV2 capsid gene was successfully constructed, western blot assay showed the PCV2 capsid was expressed on the surface of phage T7-Cap, specific anti-PCV2 antibody was induced production in the pigs inoculated with T7-Cap, and the PCV2 virus can be cleared from the T7-Cap immunized pigs after they were challenged by PCV2. These findings indicate T7-Cap may be a suitable alternative candidate vaccine of PCVD because of its simple to produce in large scales, cheap and cost-effective. © 2018 Friends Science Publishers


The major failure mode of the marine condenser is local corrosion. The models of maximum depth of local corrosion and corrosion rate are established with Gumbel distribution and wearing rate formula of long running-in period. With the value of reliability at the predicted minimum leaking time assigned,the estimated value of maximum depth of local corrosion and corrosion remaining life meeting expectant reliability are got. The theory of statistic and analysis of corrosion data and prediction on corrosion remaining life is refilled and the method is valuable when being used in determining service and discarding time. Practical calculation based on accumulated corrosion data is carried out.


The problem of uniquely identifying an entity described in natural language, known as reference resolution, has become recognized as a critical problem for the field of robotics, as it is necessary in order for robots to be able to discuss, reason about, or perform actions involving any people, locations, or objects in their environments. However, most existing algorithms for reference resolution are domain-specific and limited to environments assumed to be known a priori. In this paper we present an algorithm for reference resolution which is both domain independent and designed to operate in an open world. We call this algorithm POWER: Probabilistic Open-World Entity Resolution. We then present the results of an empirical study demonstrating the success of POWER both in properly identifying the referents of referential expressions and in properly modifying the world model based on such expressions.


An intelligent target tracker that we developed for a joint Air Force-Navy project has a similar structure to perception and cognition. It has internal models of tracks, and tracking consists in finding a correspondence between the internal track-models and subsets of the sensory data about the world. This involves an iterative process of partitioning the world among models, while adapting the models to the data. In the past, approaches to the development of tracking algorithms were similar to rule-system or production systems, in which evaluation of the intermediate results was based on logical structures similar to preferences in Soar. This led to combinatorial explosion of computations. In our approach, evaluation of intermediate results is accomplished by fuzzy similarity measures, which play the role of emotional signals. The paper compares concepts of the tracker architecture to those of semiotics and psychology. This leads to a better understanding of the architectural concepts as well as identifies mathematical tools for semiotics.


With the Internet technology development and the popularization of networks, multimedia information, especially images and visual information because of its rich and varied information, has become an important part of information retrieval, in which video information which is the image information as a basis. In the image retrieval technology, in order to retrieve the results closer to people's thinking, how to use semantic-based content-based image retrieval using low-level features of the image fit the human to become a key high-level semantics. Support Vector Machine is considered a highly effective performance of the classifier are superior in many occasions can be applied. On this basis, direct push support vector machine (TSVM) is a combination of support vector machine algorithm, to achieve an efficient classification algorithm. This paper puts forward a new algorithm in the original TSVM algorithm based on the use of labeled samples at the same time, consider a sample of the classifier without labeling effects, and add in the original part of the screening process conditions, as well as process improvement, making the new algorithm in time complexity have significantly decreased, while no significant effect on algorithm results.


The morphology evolution of £ A precipitates during isothermal aging at 1173K is investigated for wrought Ni-based superalloys with various combinations of lattice mis fi t ( ¤ ) and £ A volume fraction ( f v ) (i.e., Inconel X-750, Alloy 80A, Udimet 520, and Udimet 720Li). The resulting morphology evolution strongly depends on « ¤ « , which was classi fi ed into three types. The spherical morphology for « ¤ « < 0.10 % remains unchanged with the increasing diameter of the £ A precipitates ( d ) (Type A). In the case of 0.10 ¼ « ¤ « < 0.30 % , the £ A morphology evolves from spherical to cuboidal with a maintained coherency at the £ / £ A interface with an increasing d , accompanied by the alignment of the cuboidal £ A precipitates (Type B). The morphology evolution of the £ A precipitates when « ¤ « ½ 0.30 % is from spherical to cuboidal and fi nally to globular. The coherent £ / £ A interface turns to a semi-coherent one with the coalescence of the £ A precipitates (Type C). The alignment of the cuboidal £ A precipitates is promoted for superalloys with a larger f v value, whereas the e ff ect of f v on the morphology evolution of the £ A precipitates during aging treatment is quite limited. [doi:10.2320 / matertrans.MT-M2020183]


From the beginning of football,defense has becoming a factor that can not be ignored.This article analyzes the defense in the 2006 World Cup and the Chinese Super League and tries to find out characteristics of defense and its development tendency and rules in modern football.It is significant to grasp the direction of football defense development,guide the training and improve China football league's level.


Given a countable Borel equivalence relation, I introduce an invariant measuring how difficult it is to find Borel sets separating its equivalence classes. I evaluate these invariants in several standard generic extensions.


Background: Cardiac troponins in blood are the most preferred markers of myocardial damage. It has been shown that the application of antibodies against cardiac troponin I (cTnI-Ab) can induce dila...


Introduction : Clinicopathologic characteristics of oral Squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) affected by age, although it is controversial. In this study the differences in clinicopathological features of OSCC were compared between patients younger and older than 40 years' old. Materials and methods: In this retrospective study the histopathologic records of OSCC patients who underwent surgery in Cancer Institute of Iran during 2005-2015 were retrieved. The demographic and histopathologic features of patients in two groups of younger than 40 and older than 40 years old were recorded and descriptive analysis was used for statistical interpretation between groups. Results: The most cases of OSCC in both groups was registered in males with 14.3% and 85.7% of cases in younger and older than 40, retrospectively. Tongue was the most prevalent anatomic location of OSCC in both groups (39%). Based on clinicopathologic features, most prevalent pathologic degree of OSCC in younger aged patients was moderately differentiated OSCC (14.5%). In patients older than 40, well differentiated OSCC (87.7%) was more prevalent. Conclusion: Based on histopathologic features, the moderately differentiated and well differentiated OSCC were more in younger and older patients than 40, respectively. The finding suggests that OSCC has more malignant feature in young patients.


This paper presents a novel and an improved cuckoo search algorithm (ISCS), different from other techniques, which sets nonlinear decreasing inertia weight and adaptive scaling factor. As the iteration goes on, these two parameters are controlled by two functions to change the iterations dynamically. At the beginning of the iteration, the values of the two parameters are favorable for global search, and at the end of the iteration, their values are more favorable for local optimization. In this work, 23 classical benchmark functions are selected to improve the accuracy and convergence speed by conducting the simulation experiments on CS, ISCS and other three algorithms. The results show that the improved cuckoo algorithm enhances the accuracy of understanding and speeds up the convergence of the curves. Finally, ISCS is applied to probabilistic neural network (PPN) neural network classification and recognition technology, and the results show that the optimization of ISCS can effectively improve the classification accuracy of the test sets, and has diverse applications.


We have developed microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based electrostatic field sensors using Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films. Multilayers of Pt/Ti/PZT/Pt/Ti/SiO2 deposited on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers have been fabricated into the sensors through MEMS microfabrication technology. The resonant frequency of the fabricated sensors is within 1700–1800 Hz. The developed MEMS-based electrostatic field sensors have shown a good linear response to the voltage of an electrified body, which is comparable to that of commercially available electrostatic field sensors.


The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of web-based instruction with web-based instructional material, which covers"Matter and Heat" unit on 6th grade Science and Technology Course Workbook, on students' academic achievement. Nonequivalent control group, which is a model of Quasi-experimental method, was used in the study. The research was conducted with 102 sixth grade students attending two different primary schools in Artvin in spring semester of the 2010-2011 school years. As data collection tools, "Matter and Heat" unit achievement test was administered in two schools as pre-tests and post-tests and open-ended questions were used after implementation. Between the experimental and the control group students' post- test scores, significant differences were found in favor of the experimental group in which web-based instruction was used.


Data-centric (Dc) approaches are being used for data processing in several application domains, such as distributed systems, natural language processing, and others. There are different data processing frameworks that ease the task of parallel and distributed data processing. However, there are few research approaches studying on how to execute model manipulation operations, as model transformations models on such frameworks. In addition, it is often necessary to provide extraction of XMI-based formats into possibly distributed models. In this paper, we present a Model2GraphFrame operation to extract a model in a modeling technical space into the Apache Spark framework and its GraphFrame supported format. It generates GraphFrame from the input models, which can be used for partitioning and processing model operations. We used two model partitioning strategies: based on subgraphs, and clustering. The approach allows to perform model analysis applying operations on the generated graphs, as well as Model Transformations (MT). The proof of concept results such as model2GraphFrame, GraphFrame partitioning, GraphFrame connectivity, and GraphFrame model transformations indicate that our Model Extraction can be used in various application domains, since it enables the specification of analytical expressions on graphs. Furthermore, its model graph elements are used in model transformations on a scalable platform.


In this paper,a waterproof and flame resistance coating is studied with using mixture resin modified with ethanol as raw material and phosphoric and starch as flame retardant.Its fomulaition and propenties of waterproof and flame resistance are discussed.


Strains and sprains, or soft tissue injuries, are common through playing sports and in everyday life. Find out what products are available for strains and sprains.


The new Basel Capital Accord has opened up a discussion concerning the measurement of operational risk for banks. In our paper we do not take a stand on the issue of whether or not a quantitatively measured risk capital charge for operational risk is desirable, however, given that such measurement would come about, we review some of the tools which may be useful towards the statistical analysis of operational loss data.


The paper describes pellet impact drilling which might be used to increase the drilling rate and the penetration rate of hard and tough rock drilling. Pellet impact drilling implies rock destruction by metal pellets having high kinetic energy in the immediate vicinity of the earth formation encountered. The pellets are recirculated in the bottom of the bore hole by a high velocity fluid jet, which is the principle component of the ejector pellet impact drill bit. The arresting and supplying apparatus is supposed to increase speed per run in pellet impact drilling, as it not only replenishes the pellets but also supplies and then picks up the pellets from the bottom hole. The paper presents the design of the pellet-supplying component which ensures a portion of pellets supply to the bottom hole.


This article describes a 4-year longitudinal case study of changes in the teaching of reading and writing that were made by an elementary school teacher. The case study documents changes in her teaching beliefs and practices, and the influence of reflective thinking and collaboration promoted by a master's program and research project. Atypical forms of writing are used in order to reflect the perspectives of both the teacher and the researcher and to represent the historical phases of their collaboration.


: The most significant goal of teaching approach is improving students' success in term of their conceptual understanding. The effective learning are very important during the learning process. Meanwhile, most of students think that physics is very difficult to understand. Many researchers have developed any learning strategies. Up to now, multimedia-based teaching approach is claimed as an interesting in teaching physics. However, many reports claim that they were not sufficient due to the lack of students' kinaesthetic aspect. Therefore, we introduce the combination of multimedia technology and Indonesian traditional game as a new physics learning strategy. Our research was conducted in SMAN 9 Malang with the topic of simple harmonic motion (SHM). Our previous observation uncovered that many students faced difficulty in understanding the topic even the basic definition of SHM. The subject in this research was class X-MIA 5 consisting of 28 students. This research design used a mixed method with an embedded experimental design. The chosen traditional game was engklek well packaged combined with some puzzles and quizzes using Macromedia Flash Player. This research showed that GATA-FISIKA could improve the students' understanding of the topic of simple harmonic motion.


1. Beauchet O, Milea D, Graffe A, et al. Association between serum 25hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and vision: A cross-sectional populationbased study of older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2011;59:568–570. 2. Parekh N, Chappell RJ, Millen AE, et al. Association between vitamin D and age-related macular degeneration in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988 through 1994. Arch Ophthalmol 2007;125:661–669. 3. Millen AE, Voland R, Sondel SA, et al. Vitamin D status and early agerelated macular degeneration in postmenopausal women. Arch Ophthalmol 2011;129:481–489. 4. Seddon JM, Reynolds R, Shah HR, et al. Smoking, dietary betaine, methionine, and vitamin d in monozygotic twins with discordant macular degeneration: Epigenetic implications. Ophthalmology 2011;118:1386– 1394. 5. Annweiler C, Milea D, Beauchet O. Dietary vitamin D and AMD: Is it trustworthy? Ophthalmology 2012;119:1090–1091. 6. Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. A randomized, placebocontrolled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS report no. 8. Arch Ophthalmol 2001;119:1417–1436. 7. Annweiler C, Souberbielle JC, Schott AM, et al. Vitamin D in the elderly: 5 points to remember. Geriatr Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil 2011;9:259– 267. 8. Guillot X, Semerano L, Saidenberg-Kermanac'h N, et al. Vitamin D and inflammation. Joint Bone Spine 2010;77:552–557. 9. Albert DM, Scheef EA, Wang S, et al. Calcitriol is a potent inhibitor of retinal neovascularization. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007;48:2327–2334. 10. Annweiler C, Schott AM, Berrut G, et al. Vitamin D and ageing: Neurological issues. Neuropsychobiology 2010;62:139–150.


The research results which show that one of the reasons for wild boar livestock reduction on the Amur region territory is anemia expressed in abnormality of blood structure, form and size of erythrocyte diameter, and in change of their physical and chemical properties are given in the article.


Abstract: Bird composition of habitat fragments in urban areas is expected to be associated with adjacent landscape and with smaller-scale factors within fragments. This study investigated the bird assemblage of coastal oak (Quercus garryana) fragments in British Columbia, Canada adjacent to either coniferous forest or urban development. Effect of habitat type (oak, conifer, urban) and local habitat differences (tree volume, shrub cover, grass cover) on the composition of the bird assemblage was also determined. During the 2000 breeding season, birds were surveyed in a 50-m fixed-radius point count at stations along two transects within each habitat type. Bird assemblages were most different between forest and urban habitat. The bird composition of oak fragments fell in between. Within oak, most birds fell into one of three groupings: 1) associated with conifer trees within oak fragments adjacent to coniferous forest, 2) associated with oak, an invasive alien shrub (Cytisus scoparius), and grass, within oak fragments adjacent to coniferous forest, and 3) associated with snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus) in oak fragments adjacent to urbanization. The results indicate that the type of adjacent habitat and tree composition in oak fragments are significant factors associated with oak bird assemblages. Future shifts in species composition are possible as the region becomes more urbanized and coniferous trees encroach into remaining oak habitat.


In this paper, we propose a Photonic Crystal (PhC) resonator based corner reflector for sensing the Angle-of-Arrival (AoA) of the incident wave from an interrogator. The sensor is constructed of joining a flat metal plate with a one-dimensional PhC resonator at an angle of 90°. The PhC resonator is designed by inserting a defect layer between two quarter-wave Bragg mirrors in order to create a deep notch in the backscattering. While the PhC resonator provides unique spectral signatures in the "specular direction" related to AoA (i.e., by shifting the notch position), the corner configuration allows the back-scattering of these signatures to the direction of the interrogator. As a proof of concept, EM simulation and measurement are performed in W-band on a 40-mm squared PhC resonator perpendicularly joined with a same size metal plate. Based on signatures, a resolution of less than 6° can be achieved in the angular range −35° to 35°. Due to the corner configuration that allows a high Radar Cross Section (RCS), the proposed sensor shows the potential of sensing the AoA at long reading ranges.


To the Editor: The Moderna COVID-19 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine was authorized for use on December 18, 2020, with the second dose beginning on January 15, 2021.1-3 Some individuals who received the Moderna vaccine experienced an intense rash known as "COVID arm," a harmless but bothersome adverse effect that typically appears within a week and is a localized and transient immunogenic response.4 COVID arm differs from most vaccine adverse effects. The rash emerges not immediately but 5 to 9 days after the initial dose—on average, 1 week later. Apart from being itchy, the rash does not appear to be harmful and is not a reason to hesitate getting vaccinated. Dermatologists and allergists have been studying this adverse effect, which has been formally termed delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity. Of potential clinical consequence is that the efficacy of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine may be harmed if postvaccination dermal reactions necessitate systemic corticosteroid therapy. Because this vaccine stimulates an immune response as viral RNA integrates in cells secondary to production of the spike protein of the virus, the skin may be affected secondarily and manifestations of any underlying disease may be aggravated.5 We report a patient who developed a psoriasiform dermatitis after the first dose of the Moderna vaccine. A 65-year-old woman presented to her primary care physician because of the severity of psoriasiform dermatitis that developed 5 days after she received the first dose of the Moderna COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. The patient had a medical history of Sjögren syndrome. Her medication history was negative, and her family history was negative for autoimmune disease. Physical examination by primary care revealed an erythematous scaly rash with plaques and papules on the neck and back (Figure 1). The patient presented again to primary care 2 days later with swollen, painful, discolored digits (Figure 2) and a stiff, sore neck. Laboratory results were positive for anti–Sjögren syndrome–related antigens A and B. A complete blood cell count; comprehensive metabolic panel; erythrocyte sedimentation rate; and assays of rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein, and anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide were within reference range. A biopsy of a lesion on the back showed psoriasiform dermatitis with confluent parakeratosis and scattered necrotic keratinocytes. There was superficial perivascular inflammation with rare eosinophils (Figure 3). The patient was treated with a course of systemic corticosteroids. The rash resolved in 1 week. She did not receive the second dose due to the rash. Two mRNA COVID-19 vaccines—Pfizer BioNTech and Moderna—have been granted emergency use authorization by the US Food and Drug Administration.6 The safety profile of the mRNA-1273 vaccine for the median 2-month follow-up showed no safety concerns.3 Minor Psoriasiform Dermatitis Associated With the Moderna COVID-19 Messenger RNA Vaccine


We describe a patient who was admitted with acute onset of dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain. The patient was in acute hypoxic respiratory failure documented by arterial blood gas levels. The severe hypoxemia was refractory to 100 percent O2 administration. The cause of the patient's sudden deterioration was a pulmonary embolus documented by angiography. The patient was managed successfully with heparin therapy. A continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) mask corrected the severe hypoxemia, which otherwise would have required a more invasive method of respiratory support.


The induction and maintenance of antigen specific peripheral tolerance is critical for the prevention of autoimmunity and maintenance of immune homeostasis. Antigen presentation by tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) initiates the process through the stimulation of regulatory T cells and other mechanisms that may include peripheral deletion and anergy induction of autoreactive T cells. In contrast to DCs that mediate immune priming, tolerogenic DCs have a resting phenotype. They lack expression of co-stimulatory molecules and MHC class II. Recently, a method for identifying murine tolerogenic DCs (lin − , CD45RB high , CD11c low ) and expanding them ex vivo has been described (Wakkach et al . Immunity18:605, 2003). Directed antigen presentation by viral vector transduction of these cells has the potential to produce antigen specific tolerance for therapeutic purposes. To generate tolerogenic DCs, we cultured lin − murine bone marrow in complete RPMI medium in the presence of 10 ng/ml GM-CSF, 2.5 ng/ml TNF-α and 10–100 ng/ml IL-10 for 6–7 days. Cells were transduced overnight at different time points (day 0, day 3, day 6), with foamy virus vectors and lentivirus vectors containing either the GFP or alkaline phosphatase reporter genes. Transductions were performed both in the presence or absence of fibronectin fragment CH-296. For day 0 transductions, we also evaluated whether stem cell stimulatory cytokines (50 ng/ml TPO, 100 ng/ml SCF, 100 ng/ml FL) improved gene transfer efficiency. On days 6–7 the CD45RB high CD11c low cell population was flow sorted and then further analyzed. The percentage of CD45RB high CD11c low cells harvested on days 6–7 varied from 10% to 30% and was increased by IL-10 in a dosage dependent manner. As expected for tolerogenic DCs, these cells were morphologically immature by Giemsa-Wright staining and phenotypically negative to low for the expression of co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, and MHC class II, even after exposure to lipopolysaccharide. At an MOI of 0.5–1, transduction rates of CD45Rb high CD11c low cells were 30%–37% for foamy virus vectors and 23%–24% for lentivirus vectors. Most importantly, vector transduction did not induce expression of co-stimulatory molecules, suggesting that these two viral vectors do not activate DCs. There was no difference in transduction efficiency at the three different time points tested. Furthermore, transduction efficiencies were not affected by either stem cell stimulatory cytokines or CH-296. In summary, cells with the phenotype of tolerogenic DCs can be efficiently transduced by foamy virus and lentivirus vectors with overnight exposure to vector stocks. In vivo studies in mice are in progress to evaluate if transduced CD45RB high CD11c low cells are able to induce antigen specific tolerance. These studies have potential clinical implications for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, the induction of tolerance after stem cell transplantation, or the prevention of immune responses triggered by specific transgenes in gene therapy.


This article seeks to analyze, from a broad perspective on development based on a literature review and some data, some aspects of Brazil's trajectory from Getulio Vargas' government until nowadays. The focus relies however on the more recent period, that is, from the process of liberalization / financialization occurred during the 1990s and its effects. Comparisons with Korea are made to argue that countries' domestic decisions are important and can significantly improve or worsen their position, but these decisions are deeply conditioned by the structural positions of each country in the world system, leading to a contradictory development in the framework of capitalism. In addition, it is clear that an interventionist state is not a sufficient condition for development, but the periphery countries clearly cannot develop without it, as evidenced by the worsening of Brazil's social situation as a result of liberalization. Finally, the most recent period shows that old challenges and new ones coexist and require to be overcome.


The Morum chipolanum-group of Morum (Oniscidia) species has a long geologic history in Tropical America, although their specimens are never abundant. Most of the original descriptions were based on very few shells. The lack of information concerning intraspecific variability makes classification sometimes difficult within this group of species with somewhat conservative shell design. This study attempts to distinguish several Caribbean Neogene taxa on the basis of combined shell morphometry and qualitative shell characteristics, paying special attention to the distinction between the shells of M. (O.) domingense from the Upper Miocene- Lower Pliocene of the Dominican Republic and those of the Recent M. (O.) lindae from the coasts of Colombia and Venezuela, in order to ascertain if they should be assigned to the same or to distinct taxa. The largest number of specimens yet considered is assembled, drawn from adequately illustrated specimens in the literature, collections and high quality digital photographs posted on the Internet. Analysis shows that by morphometry alone these two taxa cannot be reliably distinguished, but when the morphometric data is considered in combination with other observable shell characteristics the two sets of shells are most likely distinct, actually representing two different taxa. This conclusion is further strengthened by palaeobiogeographical data.


Intervention studies on the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) have often led to weight loss, which may have contributed to the purported anti‐inflammatory effects of the MedDiet. To investigate the impact of the MedDiet consumed under controlled feeding conditions before (−WL) and after weight loss (+WL) on markers of inflammation in men with metabolic syndrome (MetS).


The research presented here deals with the minimum ignition times for a Ti+C (graphite) powder mixture. A family of curves from the simulation of the ignition process involves the application of radiant heat to a cylindrical sample. Some non-dimensional parameters of the process are varied such as the Damköhler number (Da), as well as Zeldovich (A) and Stefan (H) numbers. The initial composition of the mixture was varied from the non-stoichiometric to the stoichiometric case. The minimum ignition time was used to develop an ignitability curve which directly relates the applied radiant heat flux with the Da number. These curves define the ignition/non-ignition zone for the reactants considered.


The authors report a novel in situ technique for desorption of native oxides from GaSb (100) substrates. In the proposed approach, flashes of atomic gallium (FLAG) are irradiated onto a heated substrate to convert the nonvolatile Ga2O3 to volatile Ga2O. The conventional thermal oxide desorption (TOD) technique was compared with the proposed FLAG technique. Reflection high energy electron diffraction was used to monitor the oxide desorption. Oxide desorption by the FLAG technique was observed at 470 °C, which is ∼80 °C lower than the TOD technique (550 °C). Atomic force microscopy of the GaSb buffer grown using the FLAG technique reveals an atomically smooth surface. Unipolar barrier midwave infrared detectors based on InAs/GaSb type II superlattices were grown using the two approaches. The dark current from a representative FLAG device measured at T = 77 K and Vb = −0.1 V was 5.28 × 10−6 A/cm2 compared with a reference TOD device which had a dark current of 8.96 × 10−4 A/cm2 measured under identical condi...


the history of political culture, and the history of gender. It contributes to a growing body of regional studies that suggests that the early modern world was regionally diverse and that conclusions drawn from metropolitan models are often inaccurate. Looking at records in cities outside the urban centers of Venice, Rome, and Florence reveals that things are not always as they might seem, and patriarchy, as she argues, was not as totalizing as we might imagine. ELIZABETH HORODOWICH New Mexico State University


The central part of the theory of natural science is the universal proposition. Therefore, no matter how many events fit into it, the theory cannot be proven correct. However, if there is one event that does not fit the theory, we can disprove it. One of the important roles of case reports is to disprove existing theories, to shake them up, and to start the work of producing clearer and more comprehensive theories. I de scribed examples of such case reports by reference to somatoparaphrenia, akinetopsia, and apperceptive visual agnosia.


The characteristics and its corresponding practicing effectiveness of the public finance compensation model for state-owned hospitals in Ningbo city were analyzed in the paper,which mainly included setting up the public finance prolonged action guarantee mechanism for state-owned hospitals, establishing the project library system and standard classification compensating means of public finance,practicing the compensating system for public hospitals of establishing close contact with cheap drug utilization,establishing the funds compensating system for giant medical equipment purchasing of public hospitals,establishing the scientific and reasonable debt elimination prolonged action mechanism.


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A 52-year-old man presents to the clinic with a 3-day history of an asymptomatic rash limited to his legs. He has no history of preceding infection. In addition to the simvastatin, metformin, and amlodipine he has been taking, he started taking hydrochlorothiazide 3 weeks before


The possibility of using the FastFWD for in-situ Accelerated Pavement Testing (APT) to study pavement deterioration will shorten the gap between the Heavy Vehicle Simulator (HVS) and small-scale laboratory test methods. The Dynatest Fast Falling Weight Deflectometer (FFWD)—an electrically powered Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) with faster loading rates was introduced to speed up testing procedures and overall productivity, with loading rate from 5 to 7.5 times faster than any existing FWD device. The higher loading rate of the Fast FWD makes it possible to provide the necessary input to develop 'empirical' relationships through in-situ testing of the actual pavement structure and materials. Due to limited accessibility of full-scale APT methods, engineers have had to mainly rely on small-scale laboratory test methods. However, the inherent limitations of small-scale laboratory test methods have led to a significant discrepancy between the predictions from different laboratory test methods and hampered their ability to adequately predict the pavement fatigue performance, indicating the need for a more accessible full scale APT. The FastFWD is a more compact, economical, viable alternative when facilities, budgetary, or staffing limitations preclude the use of fixed tracks or full-scale mobile testing devices, or where a quick evaluation of new materials is required. The FastFWD has been tested as an intermediate Accelerated Pavement Testing (iAPT) method to predict the fatigue performance of a flexible pavement structure as well as to understand the pavement behavior and its response under different loading and environment conditions. It has been proved by several tests that the FastFWD can apply over 100,000 load applications in a reasonable period of time describing, at the same time, the pavement structural condition and the progression of permanent deformation, developing and improving existing material modelling. Therefore, these tests indicates that the FastFWD can be used as an intermediate tool, between the small-scale laboratory tests (bending beam tests, shear tests, triaxial) and full-scale APT tests, allowing for improvements in design and maintenance strategies.


Pore structure is an important factor that influences percolation capacity and oil production of low permeability reservoir. It is a hot spot in low permeability reservoir study. A quantitative method for pore structure evaluation which can characterize pore structure of heterogeneous reservoir on macro-scale is needed. Taking low permeability reservoir of Cretaceous in Tanan Depression as an example, based on thin slices observation, porosity and permeability test and capillary pressure test, this paper applied fractal algorism to reservoir pore structure evaluation, and established a quantitative pore structure evaluation method based on pore fractal dimension from mercury intrusion test. The result shows that there are four types of pore structures developed in the study area, including coarse shape type, subcoarse shape type, subfine shape type and fine shape type. Pore fractal dimension can be calculated according to the linear relationship between logarithm of capillary pressure and logarithm of wetting phase saturation. The smaller the porefractal dimension is, the better the pore structure will be. The pore fractal dimension criteria for pore structures classification was built up with thin slice and oil testing. It is also found that large pores and small pores have different fractal characters in high heterogeneous reservoirs in the study area, which performs as the segmental character in the relationship between capillary pressure and wetting phase saturation.


The COVID-19 outbreak was experienced for the fi rst time in the bordering countries of Pakistan including China, the epicenter for the disease. An increase in the number of cases at exponential rate has been observed in many countries and Pakistan has both trade and travel with Iran and China which will put Pakistan at greater risk due to the increased infl ux of travelers, as the virus is already imported to Pakistan through such travelers. Meanwhile, in the West, the highest number of mortalities was recorded in Italy followed by Iran in North [4,5].


Purpose. To present clinical information about the results of our own observations of inflammatory diseases of the eye surface after a SARS-CoV-2 infection and the effectiveness of complex treatment, including the domestic regulatory peptide Imunofan. Material and methods. There were 19 patients (38 eyes) under observation – 12 women and 7 men, aged from 22 to 57 years. Clinically, all patients had corneal syndrome and redness of the eyes. The control group consisted of 10 people who received standard anti-inflammatory, keratoprotective and desensitizing therapy. The main group included 9 people who, in addition to the standard treatment regimen, received parabulbar injections of Imunofan (50 mcg every other day) in the amount of 10 injections. Before treatment, in order to substantiate the pathogenetic expediency of Imunofan administration, immunoregulatory index (IRI) was calculated. Evaluation of treatment results was carried out on 5, 7, 10 and 20 days of treatment with the calculation of the total index of inflammation. Results. According to the results of the examination, the predominant clinical forms of postcovid inflammation of the eye surface were epithelial keratitis (57.8 %) and keratoconjunctivitis (26.3 %). The results of immunological monitoring of blood serum at the time of the initial visit to the ophthalmologist showed that all patients had IRI changes, while most of them (73.6 % of people) had secondary immune insufficiency, 5 people (26.4 %) had autoimmune disorders. The obtained data substantiate the expediency of using immunomodulators in pathogenetic treatment of this category of patients. Carrying out complex therapy, including the regulatory peptide Imunofan, led to a significant reduction in the symptoms of inflammation by the 7th–10th day of treatment, the timing of complete relief of the inflammatory process was reduced by almost two times. Conclusions. The occurrence of postcovid inflammation of the eye surface with disorders of the immune system is caused by pathogenetic relationships of SARS-CoV-2 infections, and developing by the type of secondary immune insufficiency (73.6 %), or autoimmune disorders (26.4 %). The use of Imunofan in the complex therapy of patients with an inflammatory process of the eye surface after a SARS-CoV-2 infection reduces the time of its relief by two times. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 infection, inflammatory process of the eye surface, immunomodulator Imunofan


We report a case of multidrug-resistance (MDR) in a strain of Bacteroides fragilis from a blood culture and abdominal fluid in a Danish patient. The patient had not been travelling for several years and had not received antibiotics prior to the present case. We also summarize the cases that have been reported to date of MDR B. fragilis group in Europe. As far as we know, a case like this with MDR B. fragilis has not been described in Scandinavia before.


Straintronic logic is a promising platform for beyond Moore's law computing. Using Bennett clocking mechanism, information can propagate through an array of strain-mediated multiferroic nanomagnets, exploiting the dipolar coupling between the magnets without having to physically interconnect them. Here, we perform a critical analysis of switching failures, i.e., error in information propagation due to thermal fluctuations through a chain of such straintronic devices. We solved stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation considering room-temperature thermal perturbations and show that magnetization switching may fail due to inherent magnetization dynamics accompanied by thermally broadened switching delay distribution. Avenues available to circumvent such issue are proposed.


The E 1Π, v=1 state of carbon monoxide is studied in high resolution using a tunable and narrowband laser source in the vacuum ultraviolet near 105 nm. Calibration with respect to a reference standard consisting of iodine lines in the visible range, measured by saturated absorption spectroscopy, yields an absolute accuracy of 0.003 cm−1 for the CO resonances. Transition frequencies of the E–X(1,0) band were determined for all six natural isotopomers (12C16O, 12C17O, 12C18O, 13C16O, 13C17O, and 13C18O) and improved molecular constants derived. Natural lifetime broadening, caused by predissociation was investigated quantitatively for single rotational and (e)–(f ) parity levels. The accidental predissociation phenomena, giving rise to line shifts and broadening, could be explained up to the experimental accuracy in a model based on spin–orbit-coupling between E 1Π, v=1 and k 3Π, v=6 states, with a coupling constant of HE,k=1.88±0.01 cm−1 for all six isotopomers. The overall line broadening parameter ΓE for ...


kinds of machineries for wide industrial fields. Roller chain manufactures are doing a lot of efforts to improve the wear resistance through conventional real chain type wear testing with huge amount of time and cost. In this study, a new wear testing machine is developed to evaluate wear amounts more efficiently without using main chain components such as inner plate, outer plate and roller. The results show that the nearly same amounts of wear rate and wear status can be obtained between the newly developed wear testing machine and the conventional machine. It may be concluded that the newly developed wear testing has sufficient reproducibility and can be used more conveniently for investing roller chains compared to the conventional wear testing machine.


The portable personal computer is more popular than ever. On the other hand, the power dissipation of notebook PC is higher. So many portable personal computer makers have a problem in thermal management. In this paper, we will review the various thermal enhancements from the component, board, and system level for the use of the Pentium processor in the ball grid array(BGA) in notebook PC. CFD and heat transfer simulations are applied to the layout design of the notebook PC. The CPU location is decided by the result of optimization of the fan and inlet air ventilation. To escape hot spots in the outcase we suggested Magnesium. And to maintain the device temperature and the surface temperature of the enclosure within limits, the thermal models have been developed for compact simulation and equivalent accuracy with experiments.


The conventional rigid method for mat foundation design is characterized by its ease in execution and therefore, suitable for hand calculations and for small-size mats. Nevertheless, the method is impeded by its inability to satisfy the equations of static equilibrium, which makes the evaluation of correct shear forces and bending moments rather impossible. This study aims at satisfying the equilibrium equations, by suggesting three modification procedures of the conventional rigid method, in order to construct correct shear force and bending moment diagrams. Based on the results of this study, it is found that the three proposed modification approaches constitute lower-bound, average and upper-bound solutions to the internal forces, with maximum differences between upper and lower-bound solutions not exceeding 16 %.


Abstract : A phase correction circuit which significantly improves the linearity of a wideband (hundreds of MHz) chirp signal has been constructed and tested. This correction circuit is applicable to a chirp generator in which a digital system is used to compute the phase of the chirp signal once each clock cycle, and the chirp signal bandwidth is then restricted to appreciably less than the clock frequency; analog frequency multiplication is then used to obtain the required bandwidth. The circuit described here corrects the high frequency phase errors which are present after the multiplication process. (Author)


The positive geotropic response of the apical segments prepared from the primary roots of Zea mays depends upon at least one growth inhibitor, produced by the root cap, moving basipetally into the extending zone of the root in which it accumulates in the lower part. Anjou maize reacts in both darkness and light while Kelvedon maize is, for the first few hours, geotropic only in light. The production (or activity) of the growth-inhibiting substance — tested by using vertical half-decapitated root segments — is quite similar to the georeaction. This finding provides strong evidence that, in the case of Kelvedon maize roots, the inhibitory substance may depend on light. Observations related to the root segment of Anjou and Kelvedon maizes of which the tips are exchanged, are in agreement with the above results.


Liang Qichao was the leading scholar who paid high attention to the aim of education in modern China.After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895,for the sake of saving the nation from extinction,Mr.Liang put forward a new guiding principle to run a school,namely "Politics as major while technique as subsidiary".This apparently revealed his emphasis on the fostering of political talents.Later after the Hundred Days Reform,with"fostering new people" as his rallying point,Mr.Liang took the lead to elaborate theoretically on the aim of education in modern China.When the May 4th Movement came to an end,he posed another educational guiding principle,i.e.,"to develop man's consummate character",and"to be modern people".Meanwhile he proposed the "Three virtues" education with the education of man's character as a core.All of the mentioned above,to some extent,drove ahead the development of modern Chinese education.


The successful suspension culture of Catharantbus roseus (L.) G. Don callus tissue for an indefinite period of time has been accomplished. The growth rates of the suspension cultures, which were grown in media with and without growth substances, are reported. Alkaloids were detected in both the tissue and the media.


Meat is concomitant with animals. Modern practices such as factory farming have separated the consumers from knowing about the origin of their source of meat and the conditions of animals in such farms. In Animal Studies, meat is a problematic term as it is always associated with the soulless meat of animals. Animal Rights theorists argue that even humans can be food for other beings but the dominant anthropocentric thinking of our times disallows them to be conceived as ecologically embodied beings. The Island of Lost Girls is a speculative fiction that figures several marine animals that are reduced to meat. The article probes the connection between the category of meat and animal identity, the hyperseparation of animals and humans and the anthropocentric thinking prevalent in the dystopian world of the novels using theories of animal rights activists such as Val Plumwood, Gary L. Francione and David Eaton.


Notice for law enforcement to look out for the wife of Florencio Gonzales after she fled with Esteban Trevino and an eight-year-old child.


Competition between apex predators can alter the strength of top-down forcing, yet we know little about the behavioral mechanisms that drive competition in multipredator ecosystems. Interactions between predators can be synergistic


The FAO-56 Penman–Monteith (PM) equation is regarded as the most accurate equation to estimate reference evapotranspiration (ETo). However, it requires a broad range of data that may not be available or of reasonable quality. In this study, nine temperature-based methods were assessed for ETo estimation during the irrigation at fourteen locations distributed through a hot-summer Mediterranean climate region of Alentejo, Southern Portugal. Additionally, for each location, the Hargreaves–Samani radiation adjustment coefficient (kRs) was calibrated and validated to evaluate the appropriateness of using the standard value, creating a locally adjusted Hargreaves–Samani (HS) equation. The accuracy of each method was evaluated by statistically comparing their results with those obtained by PM. Results show that the calibration of the kRs, a locally adjusted HS method can be used to estimate daily ETo acceptably well, with RMSE lower than 0.88 mm day−1, an estimation error lower than 4% and a R2 higher than 0.69, proving to be the most accurate model for 8 (out of 14) locations. A modified Hargreaves–Samani method also performed acceptably for 4 locations, with a RMSE of 0.72–0.84 mm day−1, a slope varying from 0.95 to 1.01 and a R2 higher than 0.78. One can conclude that, when weather data is missing, a calibrated HS equation is adequate to estimate ETo during the irrigation season.


10 Hearing by the recuperatores is dealt with by Professor Kelly loc. cit. and the question of their power to enforce judgments at 49. (The unus iudex could pass judgment but not enforce it: 112ff and the same learned author's Roman Litigation [1966] 12-14). In the later work [1976] 52, Professor Kelly says that appearance by the tax-collector as plaintiff before the recuperatores 'is not in any way surprising, since the state must possess the means to recover


Abstract One of the main problems connected with neural networks is synchronization. We examine a model of a neural network with time-varying delay and also the case when the connection weights (the influential strength of the j j th neuron to the i i th neuron) are variable in time and unbounded. The rate of change of the dynamics of all neurons is described by the Caputo fractional derivative. We apply Lyapunov functions and the Razumikhin method to obtain some sufficient conditions to ensure synchronization in the model. These sufficient conditions are explicitly expressed in terms of the parameters of the system, and hence, they are easily verifiable. We illustrate our theory with a particular nonlinear neural network.


This paper presents a modal logic approach to solving maze problem. Traditionally, this problem is solved using graph traversal algorithms, ranging from backtracking and A* to monte-carlo tree search approaches. In this case, we present a novel approach to describing a backtracking algorithm using K modal logic. Modal logic is a powerful way of representing statements that involve some linguistic modalities, e.g. "neces-sary", "possible", "was", "will be", "permitted", "forbidden", etc. This gives new ways to model typical decision making problems. For this purpose, we developed a novel framework called LogicToolbox. We employ this tool in modelling and solving maze problem as an example of a decision making process. We chose to translate a well-known backtracking algorithm to present the expressiveness of the language of modal logic, while proving that solving backtracking as a modal logic problem is equivalent to the backtracking algorithm itself.


Abstract : The primary objectives of this contract were to design a physics package and to characterize the voltage controlled crystal oscillator (VCXO), which will satisfy the temperature and vibration requirements of a tactical rubidium frequency standard unit (FSU). The double buffer gas resonance cell has demonstrated temperature performance that exceeds the requirement. Vibration sensitivities of a FSU have been analyzed. Improved FSU design under the tactical vibration inputs are discussed in detail with performance predictions. Experimental results are shown to demonstrate validity of the predictions. The SC-cut VCXO, the state-of-the-art, provides realistic potential for use in tactical FSU. (Author)


Sopensky and Modrey (1995) "claim[ed] that in addition to technical communication abilities, technical communicators need procedural or 'how-to' knowledge of how to interact socially within their organizations in order to improve the quality of their written products" (cited in Hovde, 2002, p. 62), but as the workplace becomes more diverse and as corporations stretch into different cultures, social interaction becomes more of a challenge. The problem would be less severe if everybody in the work place felt secure and as if their voices mattered, especially in collaborative work groups. Unfortunately, democracy does not rule in the typical Western workplace, a workplace usually organized in a hierarchy; rather, often the ideas of the most powerful dominate because in hierarchal organizations where individuals compete for the recognition that will provide them with more power and money, those with status silence those AbstrAct


Glaucomatous vision loss can occur at both normal and elevated levels of intraocular pressure (IOP) and the optic nerve head (ONH) is the principle site of damage. The mechanical environment of the ONH is believed to be critical for retinal ganglion cell pathophysiology [1]. Previous computational models have shown that scleral mechanical properties play an important role in affecting the mechanical environment of the ONH [2]. It is thus important to characterize the mechanical behavior of sclera under physiological loadings. Ultrasonic strain mapping has been developed to measure the internal displacement and strain of soft tissue under external loadings [3, 4]. The purpose of this study was to examine the cross-sectional strain maps at the posterior sclera under IOP elevations using non-invasive ultrasound and a speckle tracking algorithm.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


The development of permanent magnet motor technology has resulted in more restrictive requirements for the chamfering consistence, chamfering texture direction of arc magnets, and the present domestic chamfering method can not meet this new requirements. This paper analyzes the problems of chamfering method for arc magnets, and proposes a way to solve the key technology. A world advanced level Model JS6070 4-Station chamfering grinding machine for arc magnets is developed with consistent chamfering and magnet size, high production effciency and low operation cost.


BACKGROUND
COVID-19 is a world disaster. COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus (DM) relationship is double-faced because DM is considered one of the COVID-19 key risk factors causing an increase in COVID-19 related conditions and death rates; at the same time, high stress in patients with COVID-19 can lead to the occurrence of DM. This relationship adversely affects immune functions. Relaxation techniques have been demonstrated to positively affect immune functions, glycemic control, and stress levels.

METHODS
A search in Scopus, Web of Science, Medline databases, and EBSCO has been made. The search included clinical trials and systematic and literature reviews on the effects of relaxation techniques on immune functions, glycemic control, and stress levels.

RESULTS
This review found that relaxation techniques produce short-term effects on decreasing stress levels through an autonomic regulation, controlling glycemic control through decreasing hyperglycemia, and increasing immune functions through increasing immune cells and immunoglobins A.

CONCLUSION
This review summarizes the important role of performing regular relaxation techniques for COVID-19 patients with DM. Relaxation techniques benefit diabetic patients with COVID-19 through decreasing stress levels, better controlling of glycemic control, and increasing immune functions.


Meshless method is a kind of numerical approach which is developed in recent years.It has more special and excellent characteristics than the finite element method.In this paper,its basic principle and advan-tages are introduced.Some main meshless methods are introduced in detail.The constitution approaches of the shape function are analyzed with taking the moving least-square method as a key point.Finally,its applications in calculation of the sound field in small enclosure are discussed.


This work provides the results of studying vital forms of Gentianaceae of the Western Caucasus and their distribution by genera, elevation belts and types of habitats. It is shown that terophytes and terophyte/hemicryptophytes prevail in the family. The mountain and wood species are, mainly, hemicryptophytes. Vital forms of gametophytes and cryptophytes are characteristic only of representatives of genus Gentiana L.


The revised Core Arts Standards offer music educators the chance to examine the contradictions that currently permeate the arts advocacy discourse. This article examines the emphasis on 21st-century workplace skills in claims made by arts advocacy proponents. An alternative approach focuses instead on lifelong learning in the arts and the array of possibilities associated with engagement in music, visual art, dance, theatre, and media arts. While the conceptual framework guiding the writing of the proposed Core Arts Standards aligns with this alternate view by connecting the philosophical foundations for artistic literacy with lifelong learning goals, advocacy claims that stress workplace skills may hinder full implementation of the standards and reduce the value of arts learning to one kind of benefit, namely, economic. In reimagining arts advocacy using an enlarged view that connects potential benefits for the learner to the habits of arts-centered inquiry itself, advocacy claims gain a sounder philosophical foundation.


The research was aimed to inventory the species of edible and poisonous Mushrooms in the forest and around Tanjung Kemuning village, Kaur Regency Bengkulu Province. The
research had been carried out on December 2009-January 2010. Purposive sampling method was used in collecting the species; and the data was analyzed descriptively. As the result, there were eight species of edible Mushrooms found in that place; those were Auricularia judae, A. lactea, A. polytrica, Schyzophyllum commune, Favolaschia sp, Omphalotus sp, Pleurotus ostreatus and P. sapidus. Besides, we also found eight species of poisonous Mushrooms. They were Psathyrella foenisecii, Coprinus leiocephallus, C. lagopides and C. micaceus, Gymnopus dryophilus, Lactarius vellereus, Panaelous spinchtinus and Panaeolus sp. Each species was identified based on shape, size, texture, smell, gill, pore, and substrate.


.................................................................................................................................................. xi List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................ xiii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Chapter Overview .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Personal Context ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.3 National and International Context ................................................................................................ 4 1.4 New South Wales Context ............................................................................................................. 8 1.5 Research Problem .......................................................................................................................... 8 1.6 Research Purpose ........................................................................................................................... 9 1.7 Research Question ......................................................................................................................... 9 1.8 Significance of Research ................................................................................................................ 9 1.9 Structure of Thesis ......................................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................... 13 2.1 Chapter Overview ........................................................................................................................ 13 2.2 Teacher Knowledge of Mathematics and Teaching Mathematics ............................................... 16 2.2.1 Conceptualising and categorising knowledge .................................................................... 16 2.2.2 Attempts to assess teachers' knowledge in mathematics in context .................................. 19 2.2.3 Framework refinements and interrelationships of knowledge categories .......................... 21 2.2.4 Teacher knowledge and understanding of content ............................................................ 26 2.2.5 Relationship between knowledge and student achievement .............................................. 28 2.2.6 Summary of literature on teacher knowledge .................................................................... 30 2.3 Teacher Beliefs and Attitudes ...................................................................................................... 31 2.3.1 Nature of beliefs and attitudes ........................................................................................... 33 2.3.2 Teacher beliefs and classroom practice ............................................................................. 36 2.3.3 Interaction of teacher knowledge and teacher beliefs in classroom practice ..................... 39 Innovative Mathematics Curriculum and Teacher Professional Learning: A Case Study iii 2.3.4 Changes in beliefs and attitudes ........................................................................................ 40 2.3.5 Summary of literature on teacher beliefs and attitudes ..................................................... 43 2.4 Growth and Change ..................................................................................................................... 43 2.4.1 Process of teacher change ................................................................................................. 43 2.4.2 Interconnected model of teacher professional growth ...................................................... 46 2.4.3 Reflection and the process of growth and change ............................................................. 50 2.4.4 Time and context ............................................................................................................... 53 2.4.5 Preparedness for change ................................................................................................... 55 2.4.6 Features of effective professional development ................................................................ 56 2.4.7 Strategies for professional learning................................................................................... 58 2.4.8 Summary of literature on teacher growth and change ...................................................... 59 2.5 Curriculum and its Implementation ............................................................................................. 60 2.5.1 Transformations of the curriculum ................................................................................... 61 2.5.2 Curriculum support materials and teacher professional growth ....................................... 62 126.96.36.199 Challenging teachers' SMK and PCK .................................................................. 66 2.5.3 Curriculum fidelity ............................................................................................................ 67 2.5.4 Curriculum and opportunity to learn ................................................................................. 69 2.5.5 Barriers and resistance ...................................................................................................... 71 2.5.6 Summary of literature on curriculum and curriculum implementations ........................... 73 2.6 Concluding Comments ................................................................................................................ 73 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH DESIGN ............................................................................................... 75 3.