(which rs true of many other Christian confessions). Faith itself is a supernatural gift of God to be preserved by active fidelity. The entire rationalistic presupposition of Sandmel (cf. p. 196) militates against the Catholic laudatory and grateful acceptance of the author's integral work. There are many items, insights, conclusions in this work which Catholics will receive with joy and thanks. But scholarship is not enough to perceive, or to understand, or to express the integrity of the whole N. T. as the work of the Spirit operating in the Church and in the churchmen who wrote the Books. For us to say or think that "Mark ... openly repudiates and disowns them [the disciples of Christ]" (p. ~10, note # ~9) is ridiculous, unfaithful. For us to perceive that Luke argues against Matthew and John argues against both Matthew and Luke (p. 185) is an act of blindness. For us to conceive of Luke and Matthew envisioning the Church as an entity directed by purely human leadership, while only John sees divine guidance in the Church, (p. 186) would be the contradiction of the bases (all of them) on which our faith is founded. Scholarship which reaches such conclusions is really not scholarship, or it is suffering from a malaise. Dr. Sandmel is honest, learned, and as open as he can be; all will admit this description. But that Dr. Sandmel is correct is something else again. The bibliography is only of those books and articles read by the author, very extensive indeed. There are subject and author indices. A few editoral imperfections are present: p. 1~5, 1.~3 appears to omit an "is "; p. 15~, Dibelius is spelled Dibelious; p. 16~, Apollos is spelled Apollass.


Introduction: Around the world, there is an increasing demand for better hearing services. Access to hearing care involves the availability of accurate and calibrated audiometric apparatus. As audiometers are task-specific and expensive equipment, their portability is a common constraint. Hence, there is a need for developing low-cost, portable audiometers, so that the instrument can be quickly transported to remote regions and is conveniently accessible to multiple centers. Aim: The aim was to compare the air conduction (AC) and bone conduction (BC) thresholds obtained using newly developed Nautilus "KiVi" and a commercial, nonportable audiometer in both normal hearing and hearing-impaired individuals. Methods: The study included a total of 73 people, 52 having normal hearing sensitivity and 21 with hearing impairment. Results: It was found that among individuals with normal hearing except at 125 Hz, there was no significant difference in AC thresholds obtained using the Nautilus "KiVi" audiometer and a commercial, nonportable audiometer across frequencies. However, the BC thresholds obtained using the Nautilus "KiVi" audiometer was significantly better than that of a commercial, nonportable audiometer across frequencies. Among the individuals with hearing impairment, except at 8k Hz, there was no significant difference in AC thresholds obtained using the Nautilus "KiVi" audiometer and a commercial, nonportable audiometer. Conclusion: The Nautilus "KiVi"audiometers provide consistent results throughout a wide frequency range in those with normal hearing as well as with hearing impairment. The equipment is portable and easy to use. Hence, it can be used for diagnostic testing in schools, hospitals, remote villages, and industries.


The types of new fiber materials could be roughly divided into natural fiber, regenerated fiber, differential fiber, functional fiber and high-performance fiber. Reviews on the development of these fibers were summarized. And the applications of several new types of green environmental fibers, functional fibers and high-performance fibers were introduced.


ACKNOWLEDGMENTS MAP OF RWANDA INTRODUCTION ABBREVIATIONS CHAPTER 1 - The Rwandan Social Context CHAPTER 2 - Inside the United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda CHAPTER 3 - Inside the Rwandan National Courts CHAPTER 4 - Inside the Gacaca Courts CHAPTER 5 - Legitimating Transitional Justice in Rwanda CHAPTER 6 - Conclusion APPENDIX GLOSSARY BIBLIOGRAPHY TABLE OF CASES TABLE OF STATUTES INDEX


ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between clinical severity and tear levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and CC chemokine ligand 23 (CCL23) in patients with chronic allergic conjunctival disease (cACD). Subjects and methods: This clinical study included 21 patients with cACD, including atopic keratoconjunctivitis and vernal keratoconjunctivitis, and 14 subjects as controls. The clinical severity score was determined by objective findings. Tear ECP grade was evaluated using tear ECP levels determined by enzyme immunoassay. CCL23 expression in tears was also determined by enzyme immunoassay. Results: In the cACD group, tear ECP grade was significantly correlated with the clinical severity score. Clinical severity scores and tear ECP grades in the CCL23-positive subgroup were significantly higher than those in the CCL23-negative subgroup. Conclusion: We have confirmed the value of tear ECP grade and CCL23 expression in tears as a severity grading system in patients with cACD.


and that its computation presents a challenge in arithmetic. Such arguments are the antithesis of the scientific method since it presents no sound basis for rejecting or refining a model that has been proposed and is in use. Spring did not show that his model gave a better prediction than the Ellis formula for the total dose required, whereas Ellis has shown some success for his model (1). He did not discuss any deviations from existing formulas that might arise using his formula. Table 1 shows an extreme


UKERNA manages the networking programme on behalf of the higher and further education and research community in the United Kingdom. JANET, the United Kingdom's academic and research network, is funded by the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC). Copyright: This document is copyright The JNT Association trading as UKERNA. Parts of it, as appropriate, may be freely copied and incorporated unaltered into another document unless produced for commercial gain, subject to the source being appropriately acknowledged and the copyright preserved. The reproduction of logos without permission is expressly forbidden. Permission should be sought from JANET Customer Service. Disclaimer: The information contained herein is believed to be correct at the time of issue, but no liability can be accepted for any inaccuracies. The reader is reminded that changes may have taken place since issue, particularly in rapidly changing areas such as internet addressing, and consequently URLs and e-mail addresses should be used with caution. The JNT Association cannot accept any responsibility for any loss or damage resulting from the use of the material contained herein. This report addresses the issues of how to introduce Quality of Service support into SuperJANET4 in order to support services sensitive to network delay and jitter. It also considers the related question of introducing traffic engineering support both for certain of these applications and for requirements associated with specific programmes in the UK Research and Higher and Further Education sectors. The report is divided into five sections, the first of which serves to introduce the general nature of the requirement, the method of working adopted by the Think Tank, and its Terms of Reference (annexed to this report). Section 2 surveys the requirements identified by the Think Tank in consultation with the three sectors above. They cover videoconferencing and videocasting, voice over IP, GRID and e-Science, issues associated with the need to extend JANET services beyond the conventional workplace, and issues arising from the closing of the Managed Bandwidth Service formerly made available over the SuperJANET3 ATM infrastructure. Section 3 provides a review of technologies available for QoS and traffic engineering support. In respect of QoS support, the Differentiated Services technology is proposed as the basis for initial deployment of QoS support, primarily on the grounds of avoiding potential scaling problems in the network core, and also because it is not predicated upon deployment of support for signalling in end-user systems. Multi-Protocol Label Switching is recommended as …


The purpose of the article is to evaluate the activity of a number of European scholars who made it possible for the Western world to get fundamental knowledge about one of the most enigmatic countries of the time. Owing to a variety of materials gathered between the 18 th and the 19 th centuries by researchers of Japan, brought to Europe and demonstrated to the European public, we have a unique knowledge of the life of the Japanese during the Edo period. It is unique for several reasons: this is the first impression of Europeans about Japan, some sort of a view from the outside; and an attempt to ward off all the prejudice about the country and accept different civilizations as equal. This article is devoted to such researchers of Japan of the 18 th and the 19 th centuries as Elgelbert Kaempher, Carl Thunberg, Jan Cock Blomhoff, J. F. van Overmeer Fisscher, Philipp Franz von Siebold. The article contains a description of the academics' stay in Japan and information about their scholarly work back in Europe. The author focuses her attention on the history of the collections of Japanese articles which were brought to Europe by these first researchers of Japan. Another important issue is the value of their research to the development of museology and its influence on the minds of their contemporaries.


Abstract : This research is comprised of four separate but related efforts, which are: (1) A Review of Troubleshooting Literature; (2) An Outline of a Theoretical Description for a Process Model; (3) A Mental Encoding Experiment Relating to Troubleshooting, and (4) An Experiment on Heuristics Used in Troubleshooting. In all, some 33 publications pertaining to behavioral aspects of troubleshooting were reviewed, in addition to over 60 other papers dealing with mental encoding and with heuristics. A theoretical description of a process model problem space in mathematical terms was developed and outlined quantitatively, using tensor analysis. Next, a heuristical process model, which is the qualitative counterpart of such a mathematical model was described. Finally, a discussion of the relative merits of each model, in view of man's cognitive limitations, was presented.


Immune system is a system of biological structures and processes within organism directed to protect against invaded pathogen. Cellular and humoral immune system mediated by immunocompetent cells such as CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ CD25+ T cells, and B220 cells play important role for maintaining immunological surveillance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ethanolic extract of  G. procumbens leaves (EEGL) on the profile of CD4+ T cells, CD4+CD25+ T cells, and B220+ cells. Splenic cells were isolated from BALB/c mice and cultured in RPMI1640 medium in the presence of EEGL. After 4 days of incubation, cells were harvested, stained with antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometer. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with α= 0.05 and Tukey test using SPSS 16.0 for windows. The results showed that the extract of  G. procumbens could increase proliferation of CD4+CD62L T cell, CD4+CD25+ T cells, and B220+ cells compared to the control. Here, we showed the biological effect of G. procumbensas medicinal herb with immunomodulatory activity and the dose of 0.1 µg/ml and 1.0 µg/ml could promote T cell activation compared to the highest dose of 10 µg/ml. In terestingly, the dose of 10 µg/ml rather promote than inhibit B cell proliferation.


A method and an apparatus for presuming location/direction of a mobile robot in dark or severely changed lighting environment are provided to solve a kidnapping problem of the robot by making the robot presume the location/direction in real-time through a small-noise image process, and simplify the image process for detecting marks by installing the artificial marks on a ceiling and detecting it with a pattern recognition method. A ceiling image obtainer(210) obtains a ceiling image of a place driving the mobile robot. A brightness comparator(220) determines whether the current environment is bright or dark by calculating an average brightness of the ceiling image and comparing it with a reference. A lighting controller(270) controls a lighting device attached on the robot depending on a judging result. A mark detector(240) detects the artificial marks comprising the first and the second mark formed with a non-reflection part and an infrared reflection part. A location/direction presuming part(260) presumes the location/direction of the robot by using location or encoder information of the artificial mark according to an artificial mark detecting result. A driving controller controls drive of the robot depending on the presumed location/direction.


Quality education stands out in the teaching of zoobiology.Based on its unique features of this course,the paper discusses the adherence to the major route,subtle influencing,scientific soundness,conforming to teaching rules and the combination of theory and practice in the quality education of zoobiology.The paper discusses further from the point of view of thinking,knowledge,ability and habits on educational connotations.


The fractures of lateral end of clavicle can be treated by conservative or operative treatment, but many authors report the higher rate of non-union with conservative treatment and that the operative treatment is more effective for the type II fractures. The authors reviewed and analysed 15 cases of lateral end fracture of clavicle which had been treated at Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital from 1991 to 1996. The results were as follows; 1. Among the 15 patients, male was 6,female 9 and the average age was 46.2 years ranged from 21 to 72 years. 2. According to the classification by Rockwood, type II a was 8 cases and II b was 7 cases. 3. We treated operatively 12 cases, 9 cases with tension band wiring and 3 cases with intramedul-Iary K-wire fixation. And we treated conservatively 3 cases with Velpeau cast, but I case of nonunion was treated with tension band wiring. 4. The average follow-up was 3.2 years ranged from 2.1 to 4.7 years. 5. The functional results were evaluated with Weitzman's classification. 6. In the operatively treated cases, there were 4 cases(30.7%) in excellent, 7 cases(53.8%) in good and 2 cases(15.3%) in fair result. But, in the conservatively treated cases, there were 2 cases in good and I case in poor result, and the poor case did not united and had open reduction and internal fixation. 7. In conclusion, the operative treatment revealed good functional results in most cases (10/12) and early open reduction and internal fixation was better method than conservative treatment.


Noradrenaline (NA) from the locus coeruleus and GABA from intracortical nonpyramidal cells exert strong influences on cortical activity. To assess possible interaction between the two, the effects of noradrenergic agonists on spontaneous GABAergic IPSCs as well as on the activity of identified GABAergic cell types were investigated by in vitro whole-cell recordings from the frontal cortex of 18- to 22-d-old rats. NA (3–50 μm) and an α-adrenergic agonist, 6-fluoronorepinephrine (FNE; 30–50 μm), induced an increase of IPSC frequency in pyramidal cells, but a β-adrenergic agonist did not. This increase was reduced by tetrodotoxin, bicuculline, and α-adrenergic antagonists, suggesting that GABAergic cells are excited via α-adrenoceptors. Fast-spiking or late-spiking cells were depolarized by application of NA or FNE, but none demonstrated spike firings. The former morphologically included common multipolar cells with extended axonal arborizations as well as chandelier cells, and the latter neurogliaform cells. Most somatostatin-immunoreactive regular or burst-spiking cells, including Martinotti cells and wide arbor cells, were depolarized and accompanied by spike firing. In a few cases this was preceded by hyperpolarization. Cholecystokinin-immunoreactive regular or burst-spiking nonpyramidal cells, including large basket cells, were affected heterogeneously: depolarization, hyperpolarization followed by depolarization, or hyperpolarization resulted. The findings suggest that, similar to the effects of acetylcholine, the excitability of cortical GABAergic cell types is differentially regulated by NA and that NA actions are similar to cholinergic ones in some GABAergic cell types but not in others.


In a regression model where a Box-Cox transformation is used on a positive independent variable X which appears only once in the equation, the effect of X on the dependent variable Y is either strictly increasing or decreasing over the whole range of X , since the transformation is a monotonic function of X , increasing or decreasing depending on the Box-Cox parameter e. This paper considers the case where the variable X appears twice in the regression with two different Box-Cox parameters 1 e and 2 e , to allow a turning point in Y which can be a maximum or minimum. First and second-order conditions for the critical point are derived. This general specification includes as a special case the quadratic form in X where 1 e and 2 e are set equal to 1 and 2, respectively. If, instead of using the Box-Cox transformations, one uses simple powers of X , this form is equivalent to the Box-Cox form except that neither 1 e nor 2 e can be equal to zero, since in this case 1 e X or 2 e X reduces to a constant of value 1.


This issue, the 100th issue of Cultural Trends, contains three research articles and an extensive range of policy perspectives and reviews. Andrew Newman and his colleagues' article, Carrying out research across the arts and humanities and social sciences: developing the methodology for Dementia and Imagination, tackles a major issue related to much cultural policy research – interdisciplinary research. Interdisciplinary research tends to be discussed rather than done, and is more likely to contribute to the rhetoric rather than the reality. It seeks to integrate approaches, intelligence, tools, perspectives and concepts from different disciplines. As such, it is distinct from the more commonly practiced, multidisciplinary research. In this, and at best, different disciplines work alongside each other. Newman et al.'s paper analyses how the methodological approach for a major Arts and Humanities Research Council and Economic and Social Research Council funded project was formulated. Their experience will contribute to the learning curves of those seeking to work across consortia and academic and non-academic partnerships. The second article in this issue, Changes in cultural consumption: ethnographic collections in Wikipedia, by Trilce Navarrete and Karol Borowiecki, provides a unique historic analysis of the visibility of museums' ethnographic collections. It compares 100 years of onsite visits to five years' of online visits, as well as access to the collections. Given that the museum sector's will to provide online access is endemic, Navarrete and Borowiecki's results will contribute substantially to the understanding of online heritage consumption. The third article, by John O'Hagan, explores a fundamental observation that Objectives of arts funding agencies often do not map well on to societal benefits. Its starting point is the assumption that societal benefits are generated though state expenditure on the arts. The paper considers the situation in Ireland with those in England and New Zealand, which have similar policies. It seeks to identify commonalities and differences in the evaluations of those policies. What emerges is the absence of a clear link between output metrics and societal outcomes, and of analyses as to why equal access continues to constitute so significant a focus for investment. O'Hagan's article can be seen as a taster for the forthcoming special issue of Cultural Trends – Cultural Policy in Ireland.


In precision oncology, tailored treatment decisions are largely driven by genomic alterations in a patient's tumor. To support epidemiological research, we initiated a registry that enrolls patients diagnosed with a solid tumor and profiled with NGS. Collecting and standardizing variables of interest across the patient journey is critical for data harmonization and understanding clinical relevance. We propose a framework for identifying core variables most critical for solid tumor-based, real-world data studies and registries in precision oncology.
 A patient representative and panel of experts in NGS, oncology, epidemiology, bioinformatics, molecular tumor boards, clinical coordination, and molecular pathology was assembled to compile a draft variables list. To reduce the burden of data collection and missingness, the variables were categorized by decreasing importance and reconciled with draft European Medicines Agency guidelines at the time of writing (final guidelines released October 26, 2021) on registry-based studies. If applicable, internationally harmonized coding dictionaries were used to standardize the variables.
 The variable list was created to: describe a patient's cancer history and journey effectively; allow conduct of comparative effectiveness studies and comparisons with clinical trials; and represent key risk factors or important confounders for prognosis or statistical analysis adjustments. The draft list comprised ~500 variables and was reconciled to ~150; highest priority was given to patient information (e.g. consent, demographics, risk and prognostic factors, dates of cancer-related events), NGS test results (e.g. actionable alterations, genomic signatures), cancer details (e.g. disease ontology, staging, metastases), and therapy details/outcomes (e.g. treatment information, response, progression, death). Variables with moderate to lower priority comprised NGS (e.g. technical, quality criteria), familial cancer history, adherence to molecular tumor board recommendations, and primary cause of death.
 This list provides viable guidance for conducting research- and regulatory-grade real-world data-based precision oncology studies, and facilitating standardized data collection and thus pooling from various datasets.
 Citation Format: Rodrigo Dienstmann, Clare Turnbull, Allan Hackshaw, Jean-Yves Blay, Maud Kamal, Nicolas Servant, Jan Geissler, David Tamborero, Janick Weberpals, Simon Fear, Camille Perret, Laura Perez, Martina von Meyenn, Christophe Le Tourneau. Conceptualization of core clinico-molecular variables for registries enrolling patients diagnosed with a solid tumor and profiled with next-generation sequencing (NGS) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5246.


The invention relates to a throttle device (1) in the intake tract of an internal combustion engine, wherein the throttle device (1) comprises a housing part (2) containing a flow cross section (6) for a stream of air. Bearing points are provided on the housing part (2) (7, 8) for a throttle valve assembly which is actuated by means of an actuator (20). The actuator (20) is insertable into a receiving housing (12) containing the assembly (30) of the actuator (20) enabling first and second guide surfaces (14, 15). On the peripheral surface (21) of the receiving housing (12) are mounting aids (16) provided at which a electrical connections (27, 28) of the actuator (20)-contacting closing and contacting element ((24) is receivable.


The present invention is a hydrogenation catalyst, and it relates to a method of manufacturing a gamma butyrolactone using the same, and more particularly nickel and silica-preparative lactone to denyum and molybdenum as a main component alumina and gamma -butyrolactone as a secondary component hydrogenation catalyst and It relates to a method of manufacturing the same. The present invention also provides a process for preparing a gamma butyrolactone from maleic anhydride by using the hydrogenation catalyst. Method of manufacturing a gamma butyrolactone of the present invention, nickel and silica-subjected to hydrogenation under obtained by dispersing molybdenum as an auxiliary component in the main component of alumina up to the hydrogenation catalyst, as well as the catalyst having the same composition, prior the hydrogenation hydrogenation time the speed is changed of maleic anhydride (MAN) at the same condition shorter than the catalyst made from a precious metal and can reduce the amount of the catalyst, it is possible to minimize the portion reagent generated, using the product of GBL as a solvent it is possible to achieve simplification of the separation process is suitable for application to the commercial process.


Objective: In an effort to better determine risk of heart disease and prevent clinical events, many physicians began to measure C-reactive protein (CRP) as a routine part of global risk assessment. The aim of this case-control study was to assess the asso


This article provides an overview of existing intelligent systems for monitoring the integrity of extended objects based on distributed fiber-optic sensors. The results of the development of measuring systems using distributed fiber-optic sensors are presented. The analysis of existing solutions for constructing measuring systems is carried out. The main types of measuring schemes and principles of determining the integrity of extended objects are considered. The basic principles for the construction of fiber-optic sensors are defined. The analysis demonstrated achievements in improving measurement accuracy using various optical reflectometry methods. Shortcomings of measuring systems are revealed, and ways of elimination are established. Methods of filtration from overlays caused by mechanical overvoltages and temperature influences are considered. The difficulties of applying well-known works are determined. A review of the current state of development of artificial intelligence in the field of its application in measurement systems is carried out. It is revealed that the systems built based on an optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) using a convolutional neural network (CNN) show higher quality indicators. The possibilities of using different types of neural networks to recognize various mechanical influences using machine learning are considered. The disadvantages and advantages of using neural network systems in measuring systems based on distributed fiber-optic sensors are identified, and the most optimal type is selected. The direction for further research and development of a technical condition monitoring system based on distributed fiber-optic sensors has been determined.


Results from a group of experiments set around a family of stable cyclopentadienyl carbonyl molybdenum bonded to mercury compounds that could be carried out by students in a first level organometal...


THE INCIDENCE of burns of the esophagus due to the accidental or deliberate ingestion of corrosive substances is declining, but it is still a serious and distressing problem. The modern management of acute chemical burns to the esophagus has reduced the incidence of stricture, but it still occurs, necessitating complicated surgical procedures for its correction. We have produced lye burns of the esophagus in dogs and prevented the subsequent development of stricture by early skin grafting. Its use in an initial clinical case ended fatally because of technical errors. Experimental Lye Burns Methods. —Experimental stricture was produced in a series of dogs using 5% sodium hydroxide. An ordinary Foley catheter was modified by plugging the distal end ( C ), and attaching a second balloon 12 cm proximal to the Foley balloon (Fig 1). Holes were made in the body of the catheter, and under endotracheal general anesthesia the catheter was introduced


This paper uses Face Fixer compression algorithm to compress connectivity data of polygon meshes,and uses a order-3 adaptive arithmetic coder to further improve compression rates.By transforming the vertex positions to a local coordinate system defined upon the reference polygon and combining the quantization,parallelogram prediction of vertex coordinates and order-3 adaptive arithmetic coder,this paper implements the compression of geometry data of polygon meshes.It demonstrates excellent compression rates,almost without damage to model quality.


Chile Episcopal Conference, between 1970 and 1978, took three big topics related to education: the proposal on giving Catholic Schools to the Estate of Chile; Educational Reform's proposal by president Salvador Allende, and by general Augusto Pinochet, the Education's Constitutional Organic Law. In this three big topics, the Church, represented by associated priests, had an active rol, exposing the doctrinal principles, the bishop's orders and lines of action, being in communion with Pontifical Teaching, as with Latin American Teachers, and our country's reality itself. This work is the result of an indagation inside the "Documents of Chilean Bishops", that takes a big part from the teaching of Chile's bishops.


A support vector algorithm for detecting endmembers in a hyperspectral image is introduced. It is a novel method for finding the spectral convexities in a high-dimensional space which addresses several limitations of previous endmember methods. A new approach for estimating the number of endmembers using rate-distortion theory is also presented. It is based upon the observation that the endmembers form a set of basis vectors for the hyperspectral datacube using the linear mixture model. The result is a fully-automatic method for endmember detection. Experimental results using the Cuprite datacube are presented.


One component in the successful use of automated systems is the extent to which people trust the automation to perform effectively. In order to understand the relationship between trust in computerized systems and the use of those systems, we need to be able to effectively measure trust. Although questionnaires regarding trust have been used in prior studies, these questionnaires were theoretically rather than empirically generated and did not distinguish between three potentially different types of trust: human-human trust, human-machine trust, and trust in general. A 3-phased experiment, comprising a word elicitation study, a questionnaire study, and a paired comparison study, was performed to better understand similarities and differences in the concepts of trust and distrust, and among the different types of trust. Results indicated that trust and distrust can be considered opposites, rather than different concepts. Components of trust, in terms of words related to trust, were similar across the three...


ABSTRACT Survivors of adversity and trauma experience high levels of distress, interpersonal challenges and poor physical health. We investigated the role of trust in trauma-related psychological and physiological responses. Serum concentrations of C-reactive protein, cortisol, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-8 from 25 participants in Scotland were measured. Trauma history and experience were assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and Life Events Checklist. Trauma symptomatology was measured by the Impact of Event Scale. Interpersonal trust was measured using the Trust Scale. Trauma history and inflammatory biomarker concentrations were significant predictors of trauma symptomatology with trust as a covariate. Psychological and physiological responses after trauma seem strongly linked. Trust can mediate distress and physiology in adversity.


V f= Volume of fibre ζFi,Ri= Specific gravity of fibre or resin in each ply, i k= Deflection failure criteria wmax= Maximum deflection w= Deflection L = Length of Panel B = Breadth of Panel P = Pressure on the panel E f = Young's modulus of fibre Em = Young's modulus of resin G f = Shear modulus of fibre Gm = Shear modulus of resin XT = Maximum tensile strength 1T = Tensile Strain 5 = Gradient ` = Response function S = Score Function H(Xi) = Sample performance σ2 = Variance μ = Mean α = Shape parameter λ = Scale parameter al,t = Crown width bl,t = Crown height cl,t = Web width dl,t = Web height el,t = Base width TPlate = Plate thickness


We agree that selection bias is a major concern in observational studies and therefore we carried out an extensive multi-analysis approach to minimize it as much as possible. First we performed our comparative analysis after adjusting the population included for propensity score and covariates that were shown to be predictors for receiving p-TIPS, therefore reducing the potential clinicians selection bias; moreover the mortality observed in the group not receiving p-TIPS was the expected according with the recently described MELD-predictive model, and significantly higher than that observed in patients receiving p-TIPS confirming the benefit of p-TIPS in the population evaluated. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The Aim of Paper is Fly ash is used as a mineral addition in concrete to improve its strength and durability characteristics At high temperatures, chemical transformation of the gel weakened the matrix bonding, which brought about a loss of strength of fly ash concrete. Fly ash can be used either as an admixture or as a partial replacement of cement or as a partial replacement of fine aggregates or total replacement of fine aggregate and as supplementary addition to achieve different properties of concrete. Pozzolanic concretes are used extensively throughout the world where oil, gas, nuclear and power industries are among the major users. Apart from the usual risk of fire, these concretes are exposed to high temperatures for considerable periods of time. Although concrete is generally believed to be an excellent fireproofing material, but there is extensive damage or even catastrophic failure at high temperatures. the compressive strength, split tensile strength and modulus elasticity of fly ash concrete at elevated temperature up to 120 ̊C with mix proportions of 1:1.45:2.2:1.103 with a water cement ratio of 0.5 by weight was determined. Cement was replaced with three percentages of fly ash. The percentages of replacements were 30, 40 and 50 % by weight of cement. Tests were performed for compressive strength, split tensile strength and modulus of elasticity. Compressive strength, split tensile strength and modulus of elasticity were performed at room temperature, 80 ̊C, 100 ̊C, and 120 ̊C for all types of fly ash concrete at different curing periods (28 and 56 days). Test results showed that the compressive strength, split tensile strength and modulus of D.K. Soni & Jasbir Saini 242 elasticity of concrete having cement replacement up to 30% was comparable to the reference concrete without fly ash. Compressive strength, split tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of concrete mixtures with 30%, 40% and 50 % of fly ash as cement replacement was lower than the control mixture at all ages and that the strength of all mixtures continued to increase with the age. With the increase in temperature, compressive strength of concrete mixes with 30%, 40% and 50 % of fly ash as cement replacement decreases by 11.4%, 30.1%, 28.9%, and 27.5% at 120 ̊C when compared to room temperature.


A combinatorical problem is said to be of high computational complexity, if it can be shown that every efficient algorithm needs a high amount of resources as measured in Computing time or storage capacity. This paper will (1) introduce some basic concepts of mathematical complexity theory; (2) show that the problem of Optimal Aggregation is of high computational complexity; and (3) outline a possible way to obtain results good enough for practical use despite of this high computational complexity.


Seismic illumination analysis could accurately understand and study the distribution of seismic wave energy in the ground,so the target-based model of ray tracing seismic illumination analysis could be quickly and accurately identify the seismic energy distribution in the work area,and could also be used to guide the design of observing system and improve seismic imaging quality in the work area.The rough sea bottom would cause the ray deflection in the seismic wave propagation,it increased the difficulty of seismic data acquisition and processing.Therefore a three-dimensional seismic geological model was established for a work area in South China Sea,and based on principles of three dimensional ray tracing target zone,its illumination was analyzed to identify the effect of the work area of finding the causes of influencing the seismic imaging to guide the design and optimization of observing systems.The result shows that the goal-oriented analysis can be excited to find the best position of encryption for obtaining better capture quality.


The golden section method is utilized to improve attitude updating algorithm. The performance of the modified 2-sample rotation vector algorithm under coning motion is validated. By contrast with algorithms proposed by Jordan, Miller, Lee, and Savage, under different coning frequence and coning angle, the modified algorithm's precision turns out to be about 1 magnitude higher than the traditional algorithms'. Moreover, the performance of modified algorithm under different measurement error is testified. The results show that, the modified algorithm is visably better than traditional algorithms, when the measurement error is not so large. Therefore, the modified 2-sample rotation vector algorithm is suitable for high-precision strapdown inertial navigation system.


This report is the first in a series of papers about entrepreneurship and motherhood. Here, we present research regarding the economic and social challenges women face, the impact of motherhood on these challenges, and their implications for mothers' employment and entrepreneurship. We close with a series of policy recommendations to make entrepreneurship more accessible to mothers.Mothers often face many challenges in the traditional workplace, including lack of family friendly policy, pay inequity, and working the "second shift" of household duties. Entrepreneurship is viewed as an attractive option for mothers, as it is perceived to provide greater flexibility to achieve a work-life balance; however, many additional challenges exist for mother entrepreneurs, including increased work-family conflict, cognitive biases, and lack of mentorship and social capital. Policy solutions, outlined in the paper, offer suggestions for policymakers, researchers, entrepreneurship support organizations, and society as a whole.


https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfab059 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © Ouellet, Boucher, Dahl, Laporta Feature Article Consequences of maternal heat stress at different stages of embryonic and fetal development on dairy cows' progeny


Abstract Helen Steward argues that agency is a power to move oneself, and that it is specifically a power to move one's body. This conception of agency is supported by a long tradition and is widely held today. It is, however, opposed to another conception of agency on which agency is a power to transact with others—with other things and with other agents. The latter conception, though scarcely represented in contemporary action theory, is no less traditional than the one that Steward prefers. In this paper I argue, first, that Steward's official purposes do not require her to privilege self-movement over other-movement, as she resolutely does; and, second, that the two touchstones of truth to which she appeals throughout her book—namely ordinary thought and natural science—both recommend a conception of agency on which it is a power whose characteristic and definitive act is a transaction.


A 63-year-old African woman immigrated to Europe presented to our hospital with increasing epigastric pain radiating to back, unresponsive to proton-pump inhibitors, lasting for a week. There was no nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or fever. History was positive for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and previously treated pulmonary tuberculosis. On examination, the patient was afebrile, and there was no lymphadenopathy. Amylase and lipase levels were normal, whereas erythrocyte sedimentation rate (120 mm/h) and C-reactive protein (14 mg/dL) were increased. Superior endoscopy showed normal findings; abdominal ultrasound was negative. Computed tomography (CT) angiography revealed a 10×23-mm saccular aneurysm of thoracic aorta (D9 level) with localized dissection and thickening of the aortic wall (Figure 1). There was lymph node enlargement at hilum and along bronchopulmonary, thoracic, and lumbosacral chains. Apical pleural thickness and …


2 Abdel-Hafez K, Abdel-Aty MA, Hofny ERM. Prevalence of skin diseases in rural areas of Assiut Governorate, Upper Egypt. Int J Dermatol 2003; 42 : 887–892. 3 Burgess IF. Human lice and their control. Annu Rev Entomol 2004; 49 : 457–481. 4 Heukelbach J, Wilcke T, Winter B, et al. Epidemiology and morbidity of scabies and pediculosis capitis in resource-poor communities in Brazil. Br J Dermatol 2005; 153 : 150–156. 5 Heukelbach J, van Haeff E, Rump B, et al. Parasitic skin diseases: health care-seeking in a slum in north-east Brazil. Trop Med Int Health 2003; 8 : 368–373.


Driven by soaring commodity prices, various lowand middle-income countries (LIC/MICs) once again press for world market integration in the extractive and metal industries. is strategy may assist, as well as hamper, the achievement of certain development objectives. Using the network-based Global Commodity Chains (GCC) approach, the analysis of the export oriented aluminium industry in Brazil demonstrates that net outcomes of world market integration in the extractive and metal industry depend mainly on two factors: firstly, on the structure of the particular commodity chain, especially the type of governance and the distribution


Introduction: Ventricular tachycardia (VT) originating from the aortic cusps has been previously described in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. However, it is unclear whether the aortic cu...


Image identification with extracting features in medical applications has proven to be a significant obstacle in recent years. For medical doctors, diagnosing illnesses using image recognition of X-ray or scan pictures is a difficult job. A new intelligent system is created to help therapeutic uses with picture identification and feature extraction. By implementing an artificial neural network, The Picture recognition is more effective in morphological operations than fuzzy. Nvidia flow and SciPy have been used to develop the method. More than 250 data sets were used to see how the algorithms will work. Trained pictures were classified and predicted using scanned images. The study on the data set's findings successfully passed the test and the accuracy for picture identification rose to 82 percent utilizing artificial neural networks. The data was significant at reliable statistics, thus revealing the sample t's dependability tests. The ANN method of predicting picture recognition accuracy delivers much higher results in comparison to the fuzzy logic control


Two-week-old cockerels (124 birds) scored 0, +1, +2, +3, and -4 for lesions produced by Eimeria acervulina respectively gained 55, 51, 44, 35, and 38 grams. In a typical controlled experiment, four-week-old cockerels which scored 0, +1.2, +2.8, and +3.8 respectively gained 252, 251, 236, and 167 g in the first week postinoculation. Respective gains four weeks postinoculation were 780, 813, 776, and 681 g. Thus, +1 and (possibly) +2 lesions, commonly recognized as E. acervulina coccidiosis in field cases, should probably be diagnosed as coccidiasis. Heavy infection, sometimes overlooked because of coalescence of lesions, produces marked reduction in growth rates. Suppression of growth rates may appear in infected birds 3-4 weeks postinfection, but they are most apparent one week after inoculation.


Abstract : Growth rate data for small fatigue cracks in fine grained and coarse grained Astroloy and in coarse grained Waspaloy were obtained at temperatures of 25 C, 200 C, and 600 C. Expressing the crack growth kinetics in terms of the linear elastic parameter resulted in small cracks growing faster than large cracks in all cases except that of the fine grained Astroloy at elevated temperature. This difference occurred even though the crystallographic nature of cracking in small cracks was shown to be the same as that in large cracks, based on metallographic, selected area electron channeling, and fractographic information. Furthermore, the fracture morphology of small and large cracks also exhibited the same dependence on temperature and applied stress level indicating that the crack propagation mechanism was the same in both cases. (jes)


Generation gap is not only a clich' e, also a very sensitive problem. This paper has analyzed what cause the generation gap, and put forward some feasible measures to it.


The Beishan region is underlain by melanges. Remnants of deposits from ancient passive and active margins, as well as fragments of oceanic lithosphere are present as slabs, blocks and fragments in pervasively sheared matrix. A reconstruction of stratigraphical sequences is effected through the application of the principles of melanges. Six map units have been recognized, i.e., four melange units and two large exotic slabs, distinguished on the basis of the lithology and stratigraphy of melange blocks. The Liuyuan and Hanshan slabs consist mainly of continental basement and its metamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary cover. The Niuquanzi melange unit is made exclusively of remants of oceanic lilhosphere and its sedimentary cover


The chemical diffusion coefficient was measured for undoped, single-crystalline NiO at 900° to 1200°C and within an oxygen partial pressure of 10−5 to 0.21 atm. Electrical conductivity was used to monitor the reequilibration kinetics after the oxygen pressure was suddenly changed over the initially equilibrated NiO crystal. The chemical diffusion coefficient was calculated vs the reequilibration degree indicating the most stable range of investigations. The chemical diffusion coefficient value is virtually the same for the oxidation and reduction experiments, giving, respectively: Dchem.=(1.64 × 10−2) exp[-(22,480±800)/RT] Dchem.=(9.68 × exp[-(21,430±2600)/RT] It has been stated that chem is independent of the oxygen pressure and thus of oxide composition. The electrical conductivity depends on the oxygen partial pressure in the power (l/n) = (1/5.45), indicating that doubly ionized cation vacancies are the predominant defects. Deviation from the linear dependence of log α vs logpo2 was observed at <10−5 atm, indicating formation of anion vacancies of interstitials.


The multichannel switch is an architecture widely used for ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode). It is known that the fault tolerant characteristic can be incorporated in into the multichannel crossbar switching fabric. For example, if a link belonging to a multichannel group fails, the remaining links can assume responsibility for some of the traffic on the failed link. On the other hand, if a fault occurs in a switching element, it can lead to erroneous routing and sequencing in the multichannel switch. We investigate several fault localization algorithms in multichannel crossbar ATM switches with a view to early fault recovery. The optimal algorithm gives the best performance in terms of time to localization but is computationally complex, which makes it difficult to operate in real time. We develop an online algorithm which is computationally more efficient than the optimal one. We evaluate its performance through simulation. The simulation results show that the performance of the online algorithm is only slightly suboptimal for both random and bursty traffic. There are cases where the proposed online algorithm cannot pinpoint down to a single fault. We explain the causes and enumerate those cases. Finally, a fault recovery algorithm is described which utilizes the information provided by the fault localization algorithm. The fault recovery algorithm adds extra rows and columns to allow cells to detour the faulty element.


The present invention provides a method for preparing an array substrate, a display means for solving the prior art due to the layout of the common electrode unreasonable, resulting in a greater resistance of the common electrode, the common electrode is easily affected by other signals caused voltage fluctuations, thus affecting the quality and other display problems. The present invention provides a method for preparing an array substrate and a display device produced since the first common electrode in the source drain metal layer, the first common electrode and the second common electrode, a third common electrode connection can effectively reduce the resistance of the common electrode, the common electrode is not likely to be affected by other signal due to voltage fluctuations, thereby improving the quality of the display, for example, to prevent the occurrence of flicker is displayed.


The activity of kallikrein-kinin system of blood and the state of placental circulation at full-term physiological pregnancy have been studied. In 30 pregnant women aged 18—27 at 38 th —40 th weeks of pregnancy, the activity of  kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) of blood before and after the action double local hypoxia of arm and the state of placental hemodynamics were analyzed. Three types of reaction of kininogenase and inhibitory chains of KSS were revealed: adaptive, kininogenase, and inhibitory. Disturbed placental hemodynamics  was observed in pregnant women with kininogenase and inhibitory types of KSS reaction.


A new alkylsilyl-fused copolymer PBDS-TZ unit was developed as donor material for polymer solar cells. When blended with IT-4F, an appropriate micromorphology with vertical component distribution in active layer was obtained. A notably PCE of 12.01% with a high FF of 73.1% and JSC of 20.45 mA cm−2 for the devices.


The primary cementing operations of oil and gas wells involve pumping a sequence of fluids into the well (initially within a circular casing and eventually within an annular region) to displace in-situ drilling mud. The fluids involved can be miscible, and they can also have different density and viscosity ratios. It is believed that a casing rotation can generally improve the displacement process, within both the circular casing and the annulus. However, there have not been a lot of laboratory studies to prove that such rotation is indeed effective for the displacement within the casing. In fact, due to the lack of knowledge, the casing axial rotation may not be still among the top recommendations to enhance the displacement occurring within the casing. This is in spite of the fact such a rotation would be feasible using various types of casing heads and special adaptors. In this work, we conduct simulations to understand the fluid mechanics behind buoyant displacement flows that occur within the casing (pipe). Our focus is to analyze the effects of the axial rotation speed of the pipe, the viscosity of the fluids and the viscosity ratio between the two fluids on the flow behaviours. Other flow parameters are also present: the fluids are miscible, and they have a density difference; the pipe inclination angle is considered to be near-horizontal (i.e. the most challenging case in terms of creating efficient displacements). We investigate important flow features, such as the behaviours of the interface between the fluids, the mixing between the fluids, the fluid front velocities, etc. Our results help develop a deep understanding of how casing rotation can be used to enhance displacement flows in the primary cementing operations of oil and gas wells.


In this part of his book, Richard Tuck reveals a new perspective on the philosophical tradition that gave birth to some of the most fundamental liberal principles. The author explains how the skepticism and the raison d´etat  recovered by Renaissance theorists are applied to the behavior of the nation-states in International Relations during the European expansion, suppressing all kind of affective or moral quality and are translated to the civil society in order to convert the individuals into perfect liberal agents.


Introduction: The Cape Verdean Presence in the Portuguese Colonies Cape Verdean immigration had been a significant factor in most parts of Portugal's African colonial empire for centuries, and remained a widespread phenomenon in the years before the outbreak of the wars of liberation in the early 1960s.1 The Cape Verde islands constituted a reservoir of potential administrators for sub-Saharan Africa-administrators who were particularly important in places where the Portuguese did not want to staff small administrative posts themselves. Since the nineteenth century, residents of Cape Verde had considerably greater accessibility to western education than did colonial populations of the other provinces of the Portuguese empire. At the same time, however, persistent periods of extreme drought were a forceful incentive for Cape Verdeans to go abroad. The inability of the Portuguese colonial state to cope with the ever-present danger of drought and hunger in Cape Verde remained a problem in the 1950s, when approximately 25,000 inhabitants of the islands died as a consequence of persistent drought and subsequent lost harvests.2 Demographic pressure explains in part why Cape Verdeans were frequently the object of colonial government schemes to settle other African provinces controlled by Portugal. However, Lisbon's colonial planners also relied on the islanders in their broader strategy for "modernizing" Africa. Not only did the Portuguese colonial administration use Cape Verdeans to fill the lower and middle rank posts in Portuguese Guinea and Angola, but they also considered Cape Verdean immigrants as the most useful contributors to settlement initiatives. In the early 1950s, Portuguese officials discussed alleviating the scandalous situation of Angolan forced laborers on the Sao Tome cocoa plantations (rocas) by replacing them (partly or even totally) with Cape Verdean workers who, compared with Angolan servicais, would have more legal rights, obtain better treatment as workers, and thus would be less inclined to revolt against the conditions on the rocas.3 The Portuguese started settlement (colonato) projects in Angola in the late 1950s with the intention of creating agricultural settlements populated exclusively by Cape Verdeans, or at least giving them an important role in a mixed settlement scheme. The fact that Cape Verdeans had greater access to western education, and that a higher percentage of them had mulatto origins, seemed to make them valuable intermediaries between the "uncivilized populations" (called indigenas in the official terminology) and the overstrained European administrators. This, at least, is how the Portuguese officials saw this matter in theory. It is difficult to estimate the number of Cape Verdean settlers in Portugal's African provinces. This is because they often were not distinguished in statistical records from the civilizado group-those Black Africans who were regarded as "assimilated" to European culture and who enjoyed, in theory, the rights of a Portuguese citizen. There were, however, several thousands, if not tens of thousands, of Cape Verdean immigrants, the highest percentages of which relative to the total population were to be found in Sao Tome and Guinea-Bissau. In Guinea-Bissau, 1,703 Cape Verdeans appear in the 1950 census-half of them living in the urban district (concelho) of the colonial capital.4 The number of Cape Verdean settlers in Angola reached considerable proportions in some urban centers: in July 1957, 773 Cape Verdeans lived among 27,288 inhabitants in Luanda's Sao Paulo town district, compared to 772 non-Cape Verdean mulattoes (mesticos) and 841 Angolan "educated natives" (assimilados) of non-Cape Verdean origin.5 These numbers demonstrate that Cape Verdeans had the potential to become an important political force, at least in local issues. However, to what extent did Cape Verdeans become intermediaries of revolution when the Portuguese colonial empire entered into the phase of wars of liberation in 1961? …


Our meta‐analysis aims to evaluate the association of Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility and severity. By manually searching 3 electronic databases (PubMed, Embase and Web of Science), relevant articles were collected. After checking eligibility for every study, this meta‐analysis on eligible studies was performed under 5 genetic models: (1) allelic contrast; (2) heterozygous model; (3) homozygous model; (4) dominant model; (5) recessive model. In Spanish populations, a significantly decreased RA risk was identified in allelic comparison (odds ratio [OR] = 0.73, 95% CI 0.55 ~ 0.96) and dominant model (OR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.56 ~ 0.99) of Asp299Gly polymorphism. A trend of reduced risk was also observed under the heterozygous model (OR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.58 ~ 1.03). As for Thr399Ile, it might also have a protective effect on Spanish populations in allelic comparison (OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.44 ~ 1.15). In contrast, for both Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile, a higher risk of RA was detected in Chinese Han populations. The frequency of both Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile increased in rheumatoid factor (RF)‐positive subjects in Chinese patients (Asp299Gly, RF+:RF− = 0.165:0.145; Thr399Ile, RF+:RF− = 0.170:0.161) and decreased in Spanish patients (Asp299Gly, RF+:RF− = 0.060:0.073; Thr399Ile, RF+:RF− = 0.046:0.056), but not to a statistically significant extent. Our meta‐analysis suggested that both Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile might have a protective effect on Spanish populations, but the 2 polymorphisms could act as a susceptible factor in Chinese Han populations. To confirm our results, further investigation concerning the functional impacts of Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile are still needed.


In the U.S. and other industrialized nations, there is an increasing awareness of toxic air pollutants. Measurements have shown that many toxic gases are present in the air in our homes, and in urban and suburban air. The U.S. EPA and many state and local agencies now monitor outside air for toxic chemicals, and the EPA has carried out intensive studies in several parts of the country to assess population exposure to a number of specific toxic air pollutants. With the increased emphasis on air toxics has come need forimproved sampling and analysis methods. Many of the techniques used to measure toxic air pollutants employ gas chromatography, often with mass spectrometric detection, to analyze the collected samples. This analysis step precludes continuous real-time monitoring of air toxics by these techniques. Often, it would be desirable to make continuous measurements of toxic gases to assess peak exposures, to define contaminated areas in real time, to identify sources, or to avoid sampling artifacts or potential sample storage problems inherent in some sampling and analysis methods.


Ttiis experiment examined the influence of spiritual intelligence training on student college anxiety that enrolls undergraduate studies. The hypothesis was that there is a significant anxiety level difference between experimental and control group. The subjects of this experiment were Student College with age ranging from 22 26 years old. The design of this experiment was Pretest Posttest with Control Group Design. A measure of student anxiety was developed by using aspects from Nevid (2003). The training module was developed on the basis of Emmons Theory (Hendrawati, 2004). Data were analyzed using gain score method. The result show that there is an anxiety level difference between experimental and control group ff =- 3,732. p = 0,003, p<0,05). 77ms means that the spiritual intelligence training show influence in decreasing student anxiety. An experiment group data analysis show that there is an anxiety difference prior and after the training (t=-16.819; p<0.01). The result of this experiment confirmed the hypothesis. Keyword: spiritual intelligence training, anxiety


Adsorption of three copolymers of acrylic acid with N-1-naphthylacrylamide on monodisperse polystyrene latex was studied as a function of pH, ionic strength, and latex concentration. A comparison of the observed adsorptive capacities with predictions based on a model in which the adsorbed polymers retain their shape in solution showed that this model leads to an increasing underestimate as the density of the hydrophobic groups on the polymer is increased and as the pH is reduced.


. The stimulation of inventive and rationalization activities in Russia should contribute to the transition of the country's economy to an innovative type of development. The foreign experience of stimulating inventive and ration-alizing activities is being investigated. The tools, examples of measures to support and stimulate inventive and ration- alization activities carried out at the state level in developed countries are considered. Foreign experience shows that the state supports the system of stimulating inventive creativity, both of individual inventors and creative, scientific collectives. The state acts as a sponsor of innovation activities, the instruments of material interest are used to ensure the acceleration of the introduction of inventions into production processes. Legal and methodological regulations stimulating inventive and rationalization activities in the Russian Federation, at Sectoral control products and services, investment in the capital of financial institutions involved in the creation of innovative projects, the provision of tax incentives, the allocation of preferential government loans and credit guarantees. The necessity of participation of four levels of management in the process of improving the stimulation of inventive and rationaliza- tion activities at oil and gas enterprises is substantiated - the state level, the level of subjects of the Russian Federation, the industry level and the level of oil and gas industry enterprises, which will lead to the activation of this direction in the Russian Federation, increase in its activity, the revival of the high social status of inventors and innovators.


This article starts from the work of the rice cooker,to improve the circuit and the exhaust structure of the rice cooker.Make it to reduce power consumption and to reduce the emissions of slightly greenhouse gases(superheated steam) in the course of its use.Make rice cooker in the cooking process to achieve low-carbon.


The present invention is high indicates a battery capacity, good charge-discharge cycle characteristics, and useful composite graphite particles as a secondary battery negative electrode with excellent charging characteristics, as well as negative electrode paste using the composite graphite, a negative electrode and a lithium to provide a secondary battery. Composite graphite particles of the present invention, d (002) is an interlayer distance (d value) is less graphite 0.337nm the surface, and the peak intensity in the range of 1300~1400Cm The ratio I


A technique is developed for photomodulated spectroscopy in a long-wavelength region, based on a step-scan Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The experimental setup is discussed, and photoreflectance (PR) spectra of narrow-gap HgCdTe materials are given as examples at the wavelengths of 5 and 9μm. The photoluminescence spectra suggest that the PR features are related to the material fundamental gap. The signal-to-noise ratio and spectral resolution of the PR spectrum are quite good for line-shape analysis. The results indicate that the PR spectrum can be well fitted by a third-derivative line-shape function. Advantages and extendability are emphasized, and the potential for advancing the study of narrow-gap materials' band structures is foreseen.


In flowering plants, the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive phase of growth is a critical developmental process, which is marked by a number of changes in the shoot apex at the molecular, physiological and morphological levels. Under the appropriate inductive environmental conditions and having the ability to respond to these external factors, the vegetative meristem is transformed into a reproductive meristem, which either directly terminates into a flower or remains meristematic (inflorescence meristem) and produces multiple flowers. Genetic analysis in Arabidopsis has revealed at least 20 flowering mutants, which are affected in the transition to reproductive growth (reviewed by Levy and Dean, 1998). These mutants can be divided into two groups, the early and late flowering mutants, which are either disturbed in sensing environmental signals or in the control of developmental processes. For example, mutations in the late flowering gene CONSTANS (CO) resulted in a late flowering phenotype under long day conditions, but not in short days, indicating that this gene is functioning under daylength control (Putterill et al., 1995). Another example of a gene involved in the timing of flowering is FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) (Michaels and Amasino, 1999), which appeared to be identical to the recently cloned FLOWERING LOCUS F (FLF) gene (Sheldon et al., 1999). This novel MADS box gene acts as a repressor of flowering and its expression can be suppressed by both vernalization and a decrease in genomic DNA methylation. Overexpression of this gene causes a significant delay in flowering. Two other MADS box genes with a supposed role in the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth are SaMADS A and SaMADS B from the long-day plant Sinapis alba (Menzel et al., 1996). Transcription of both genes is drastically increased in short-day grown plants shortly after the induction of flowering by a single long-day treatment. The only real nonflowering mutant described to date is the recessive pea veg mutant, obtained by X-irradiation of the late flowering, quantitative long-day cv. 'Dippes gelbe Viktoria' (Gottschalk, 1979). In the veg mutant, lateral branches with shortened internodes are produced instead of inflorescences. To date, no nonflowering mutants from Arabidopsis have been identified, 5117 Development 126, 5117-5126 (1999) Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 1999 DEV0242


Introduction. Socio-economic progress at the current stage of civilizational development is ensured on the basis of the educational potential of society, primarily by applying the knowledge of workers in the national economy. The high level of development of educational potential is the result of the effective activity of the education system, and, first of all, the professional, higher education system. Therefore, it seems extremely important to focus efforts on the constant growth and improvement of the educational potential, as well as on the justification of ways to improve it. Familiarity with the relevant world experience and, above all, with the experience of the USA, as the most developed country in the world in this context, should contribute to this.Purpose. The purpose of the study is to analyze the environment that contributes to the growth of educational potential from the standpoint of the needs of the economy and society and to determine priority tools and methods for improving the quality of educational services, taking into account the experience of the United States.Methods. In the process of research, a number of general scientific and special methods of cognition were used, namely: system analysis, systematization, generalization, logical, monographic, comparative, tabular.Results. The importance of formation, development and use of educational potential in the context of modernization of socio-economic and educational spheres is revealed. The opinion that educational potential is a basic component for the socio-economic development of society, especially for Ukraine, which is currently at the stage of socio- economic reformation, is substantiated. The trends in the formation of educational potential, which significantly affects the formation of a person and personality as the main factor that ensures the successful development of the country, have been studied. It is emphasized that in the conditions of globalization and competition, the educational potential acquires a global character. In this context, the theoretical and practical aspects of the development of the educational sphere in the United States of America and Ukraine are disclosed. Based on the analysis, a vision of directions for its further development is proposed. Ways to improve the quality of higher education in Ukraine are proposed, including by using the experience of the United States, implementing innovative policy in the field of education into practice.Perspectives. Further research should be devoted to the problems of implementation within the Ukrainian education system of the processes of activation of international activity and cooperation with foreign partners, which are factors in the growth of dynamism of innovations in the educational process, which will contribute to the further socio-economic development of Ukraine as a whole.


Abstract: Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) isolates are the most common group C streptococci in humans, and reports of invasive infections associated with SDSE have been increasing. Molecular epidemiology studies are an important strategy to trace the emergence and spread of possible well-fit bacterial pathogens of humans and animals. In this work, we analysed the antimicrobial and clonal profiles of 115 SDSE infection and colonization isolates of human and equine origin. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed the spread of two main clusters, clones A (57.4%) and B (26.1%). Remarkably, two isolates from clone B obtained from human colonization cases displayed identical PFGE patterns to those of three equine infection isolates. In addition, multilocus sequence typing allocated these isolates to ST129 (CC31). All of the SDSE isolates were susceptible to penicillin, vancomycin, gentamicin, levofloxacin, and chloramphenicol. Tetracycline and erythromycin resistance rates were 65.2% and 13.9% respectively. Nevertheless, none of the isolates displaying sporadic PFGE patterns showed erythromycin resistance. The majority of erythromycin-resistant isolates from clone A had inducible resistance to macrolides, lincosamines, and streptogramins B (iMLSB phenotype), which is associated with the presence of ermA, whereas the resistant isolates from clone B showed the M phenotype, associated with the mefA gene. In conclusion, the data indicate that the analysed collection of SDSE isolates displayed a clonal structure and that the isolates found in human colonization cases can also be involved in horse infections.


We establish the existence of fast positive semi-wavefront solutions to a delay integrodifferential problem cu.t/D J ?u.t/ u.t/Cf .u.t h//; t 2 R; u. 1/D 0; where the asymmetric kernel J is exponentially bounded, the nonlinearity f 2 C 1.Œ0;C1/IR/ is monostable, h 0, and c > 0. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 34K05; 34K10; 34K12; 34K25


A hydrothermally synthesised nickel-strontium zirconate perovskite is shown to have excellent selectivity towards biogas reforming without suffering from deactivation due to carbon formation. Experiments reveal that this material is capable of very efficiently converting methane and carbon dioxide to synthesis gas, a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, at relatively low temperatures and, particularly importantly, high methane contents. Under these conditions we find that carbon production is extremely low and more importantly shows no increase over time, even after 10 days of continuous reforming activity. This conversion of a renewable product, using a catalyst prepared by low temperature hydrothermal methods, provides a route to future sustainable hydrogen, and oxygenate and higher hydrocarbon, production whilst lowering some greenhouse gas emissions.


The system measuring accuracy and quality of the mixed concrete of concrete central mixing station are essential for adding of intelligent material and fiber material.Neural networks,with their remarkable ability to derive meaning from complicated,imprecise nonlinear input output data,can be used to extract patterns and detect trends that are dynamically continuous change.Therefore,BP Neural Network is applied to map the input-output relation of the weighting system for concrete central mixing station so that the inputs can be accurately measured.The system measuring accuracy and quality of the mixed concrete of concrete central mixing station are increased.


Title of Document: THE COLLEGE CHOICE PROCESS OF FOUR STUDENTS FROM RURAL APPALACHIAN KENTUCKY Kristen L. Harris, Doctor of Philosophy, 2013 Directed By: Dr. Chauncey Monte-Sano, Department of Educational Studies, University of Michigan This study examined the extent to which the college choice process of four students from one high school in rural Appalachian Kentucky aligned with Perna's (2006; 2010) nested process model of college choice. I used qualitative case study methodology and inductive analysis to describe how four high-academic achieving students of varying family income backgrounds in the particular context of one community in rural Appalachian Kentucky decided to enroll in an institution of higher education. In brief, three of the four students enrolled in the closest, most familiar institution after relying on an adult other than their parents for guidance in selecting a college. The remaining student, despite her low socioeconomic status and family income, enrolled in a selective private university in Kentucky after an expanded college search. School practices that supported students' access to higher education are highlighted. This research adds to the theoretical knowledge in the field of college access and choice, which indicates that different student populations experience the college choice process differently, but has yet to fully include research on rural students. My analysis revealed a number of influential factors for these four students' college choice decisions that were in Perna's (2006; 2010) model, such as guidance counseling, college costs, and financial aid. The analysis also showed the meaning of identified factors for students given the context of their community in rural Appalachian Kentucky. Additional influential factors that were found for these students, such as the role of athletics in increasing demand for higher education, and factors that were not present, such as parental support during the college choice process, added nuance to the model. By learning how and why some students from rural Appalachian Kentucky are able to go to college, we can begin to understand how to increase the low level of educational attainment of individuals in the region. THE COLLEGE CHOICE PROCESS OF FOUR STUDENTS FROM RURAL APPALACHIAN KENTUCKY


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
This study evaluates the effectiveness of Akten (Akorn, Inc., Buffalo Grove, IL), a novel ophthalmic gel anesthetic agent for complete ocular anesthesia.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
This study was conducted as a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, multicenter Phase III clinical trial to evaluate Akten gel. The study had four cohorts of subjects who received sham gel, Akten 1.5%, Akten 2.5%, and Akten 3.5%, respectively. Subjects were assessed for achievement of anesthesia at defined time intervals and questioned for "pain" or "no pain" following pinching of the conjunctiva with 0.3-mm forceps at predetermined intervals.

RESULTS
A total of 209 subjects were entered into the study. The percentages of patients achieving the primary endpoint (ie, anesthesia within 5 minutes) were as follows: 22% for sham, 88% for Akten 1.5%, 89% for Akten 2.5%, and 92% for Akten 3.5%, respectively. Safety measures including corneal staining, conjunctival hyperemia, and eye pain with administra-tion were low and comparable in all cohorts.

CONCLUSION
Akten gel appears to be an effective and safe ocular anesthetic. All doses were well tolerated and no dose-related corneal toxicity was observed.


The separation of waste lye is a difficult problem of producing ketone with naphthene oxidation, if waste lye is not separated completely, it will lead to the alkane distillation column system has alkali, alcohol ketone condenses, heat exchanger forms dirt, make production consumption increasing, device operation cycle is shortened. Swirl separation technology is a new separation technology. Through practical operation, the authors introduced that adopting swirl separation technology can solve the problem that naphthene oxidation device' waste lye can not be separated completely.


Abstract.  The first two cases of the occurrence of Megaselia abdita Schmitz (Diptera: Phoridae) in human corpses in Britain are reported and a further case of M. rufipes (Meigen). In all three cases the corpses experienced low temperatures.


The global economy today is undergoing a regime shift today, although access to raw materials, cheap labour, energy sources and robust markets remain important components of competitive advantage, globalization and commoditization of production inputs coupled with their price volatility has shifted the long-term competitive advantage towards those that know how to innovate through new combinations. Intangible assets are being recognised for its economic viability and potential. While major emphasis has been on the use of Patents, Copyrights and Trade Secrets to derive economic benefits and competitive edge in the global market, the potential of Trademarks as an efficient tool to prosper economic growth has been limited to the micro-economic sphere. This paper argues that trademarks have an impact on the macro-economic impact, which needs to be explored. This paper analyses the use of Trademarks for the revival of Coffee industries in Ethiopia and Colombia and argues that a strong marketing strategy which builds upon the value transference of other IP assets has the ability to ensure macro-economic growth and help in revival and growth of many key industries. This paper has been divided into two parts, the first part showcases how distinctiveness can be created and how a trademark should be selected, the second part, illustrates how trademark driven strategies have allowed Ethiopia and Colombia to revive and grow their coffee industry, and finally the study proposes the use of similar strategies to revive Indian Industries.


Abstract Endosulfan and trichlorphon at 0.03% and 0.06%; carbaryl (0.05% and 0.1%) and methomyl (0.025% and 0.05%) were used as treatments to control Spodoptera litura and, with and without sticker, Scrobipalpa heliopa in nursery tobacco. Four treatments were applied; 14, 24, 34 and 44 days after germination. Carbaryl and trichlorphon gave the most effective control of Spodoptera litura and endosulfan was the only effective treatment for Scrobipalpa heliopa.


ABSTRACT This study, located in a School of Education in South Africa, explores English Education pre-service teachers' perceptions of preparedness to teach grammar and the influences that shape such perceptions. To understand the knowledge gap in English Education pre-service teachers' readiness to teach grammar, the study employed an interpretive paradigm, qualitative approach, case study design and purposive sampling. Data was generated using open-ended questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Findings from the study revealed that the pre-service teachers of English believed that they were not ready to teach grammar upon graduation and their lack of preparedness was attributed to their prior negative experiences of learning grammar at school and on the focus of their teacher education programmes on pedagogical knowledge and not content knowledge. This paper argues that the knowledge gap between the thought and taught knowledge need to be addressed to enable pre-service teachers to leave teacher education programmes with confidence.


A generalization of the Apery-like numbers, which is used to describe the special values $\zeta_Q(2)$ and $\zeta_Q(3)$ of the spectral zeta function for the non-commutative harmonic oscillator, are introduced and studied. In fact, we give a recurrence relation for them, which shows a ladder structure among them. Further, we consider the `rational part' of the higher Apery-like numbers. We discuss several kinds of congruence relations among them, which are regarded as an analogue of the ones among Apery numbers.


Stadium construction has altered the physical landscape of many major metropolitan areas throughout North America and has had a profound psychological and economic impact on these urban centers. How athletic facilities have been constructed, from the ritual-centered beginning of stadium construction in ancient Greece to largescale construction of professional sports facilities in present day global centers, reveals a culture's values and priorities and how it defines its recreational needs. With in-depth analysis and research, Robert C. Trumpbour examines the political institutions, commercial entities, civic leadership, and media organizations that influenced new stadium construction. The author analyzes three significant recent historical periods: the Progressive Era when modern fireproof stadiums were first built; the late 1960s and early 1970s when multipurpose football stadiums were built in downtown areas to promote urban redevelopment; and the late 1990s when retro ballparks were built to employ novel measures for profiteering. Charting this evolution, Trumpbour convincingly argues that there has been a dramatic shift in the role of the media, one in which media access has emerged as a vital element in setting the ground rules for the stadium construction debate. Written in lucid, jargon-free prose, this book combines a detailed history of stadium construction with an analysis of current stadium issues that provides a rich, portrait of our cultural landscape.


IFOS demonstrates here its fiber-optic-based solution for wind turbine blade manufacturing monitoring and pre-installation inspection. The proposed sensing system is a wind turbine condition monitoring system (CMS) for blade, the gearbox, tower and generator monitoring.


Now it declines the standard condition which the kernel of commutators of vector-valued singular integral operators satisfying to Dini-type condition,and proves some weighted norm inequalities for commutators of vector-valued singular integral operators with Dini-type condition.


What if play is more than just an attitude or set of behaviors? What if the world is fundamentally and inherently playful? What if, when we find ourselves playing, we are not the authors or agents who initiate the activity, but instead we are giving ourselves over to the play of the world, being-played as it were? In this essay, we consider these questions in reference to the tradition of philosophical hermeneutics, discussing the work of Gadamer and others and tracing out the implications for gamification research.


This paper points out that medicinal herbs are closely related to the vigorous emergence and gradual maturity of the landscape poetry during the Mediaeval Times in China. In order to shake off disease and maintain good health, people at that time were crazy about gathering and taking a medicinal herb named Hanshisan, which is composed of amethyst, sulphur, and so on. They made light of trekking a long distance to pick it from mountains, lakes, rivers and islands, which enhanced their inter-est in landscape. As a result, there existed a direct connection between medicinal herbs, rural landscape, and landscape poetry. Especially, by the end of Jin Dynasty and at the beginning of Song Dynasty, people frequently gathered the medicinal herb and took it quite often. It was at that time that Chinese scholars' aesthetic interest in rural landscape was established, while the culti-vation of their aesthetic taste of landscape formed the basis of the development of landscape poetry.


Introduction: Periodontal diseases are one of the most prevalent oral diseases affecting more than 50% of Indian population. Untreated periodontitis is a major cause of tooth loss. In rural population of Tumkur (Karnataka), people live in closely knit large joint families. Partial edentulism at early age could affect marriages, performance at work, criticism from friends and family members and embarrassment at social gatherings. Objective: We started a cross-sectional study, for assessing the awareness about periodontal diseases and the psychosocial consequences of tooth loss due to periodontal diseases in rural population who visited Sri Siddhartha Dental College. Methodology: The study involved completion of a predesigned structured questionnaire formatted according psycho-social structure of Indian traditions and culture. It included multiple option questions to be filled up by patients. We screened 799 patients in 18-65 age groups. Results: The awareness about aggressive periodontitis was less, overall awareness was higher. 88% patients felt; they would have prevented the disease if there was access to economical dental care. 68% patients rated their oral health as bad, 59% did not want to marry partially edentulous person. 83% experienced criticism, 72% felt lower level of confidence and 77% felt quality of life being affected due to partial edentulism. Conclusion: Partial edentulism due to periodontal disease, especially in young patients, has high psychosocial impact on quality of life. Due to limited replacement options in these poor patients, prevention would give higher quality of life. *Correspondence to: Vaibhavi Joshipura, Intedent Healthcare Private Limited, India, Tel: 9880105198; E-mail: email@example.com


For higher vocational education,it is a professional factor to improve the quality of talent training and to improve the comprehensive competitiveness of the key elements.This article through a case study of accounting to the experiences of professional specialty development in Beijing Institute of Economic Management,find that professional development features are as follows: periodic and procedural,strong practical,level subject pluralism and characteristics.To achieve the ultimate goal,of professional specialty development we should have the following five core requirements: improving the quality of talent training for primary task,professional ability training as the standard based,on the work process of curriculum system development as the basic requirement,adhering to the work-integrated learning as the basic ways and to formative assessment system for security.In order to finish the central financial support of the accounting major construction projects,we will divide the whole project into 15 related subprojects and implement the subproject responsibility system.


All non-abelian finite simple groups can be symmetrically generated by involutions. An algorithm which performs coset enumeration for a group defined in this manner on the cosets of a subgroup of automorphisms of these involutions is presented.


Introduction
With the recent COVID-19 pandemic, the terms quarantine, contagion and infection have again become part of our everyday speech, prompting historians to reflect on the settings in which they were originally used and to make comparisons with the present time. How did people cope with epidemics in the past? What measures were taken?

Objectives
Here, we analyse the institutional response of the Republic of Genoa to a calamity that shook the city - the plague of 1656-1657. In doing so, we focus particularly on the public health measures implemented, as recorded also in unpublished and archival documents.

Discussion
In order to tighten control over the population, Genoa was divided into 20 zones, each of which was placed under the authority of a Commissioner endowed with criminal jurisdiction. The Commissioners' duties concerned the spheres of public health, public order and those tasks which today we would assign to "civil protection". Through the official documentation and the trial records kept by the Chancellor of one of these zones, we can shed light on the Commissioners' everyday activities and assess the impact of the public health measures on the population.

Conclusions
The 17th century plague in Genoa provides us with an important testimony of a well-organised and structured public health policy - an institutional response involving the adoption of efficacious measures of safety and prevention in the field of hygiene and public health. From the historical-social, normative and public health perspectives, this meaningful experience highlights the organisation of a large port city, which was at the time a flourishing commercial and financial hub.


The theoretical error rates in deterministic ion implantation when using an ion beam governed by a Poisson point process with a detector that counts the impacts are investigated. It is concluded that if the error rates are small, then for spots with nominally one implanted ion the probability of failure to implant the correct number is ≈ κ/λ+η¯+λ/2 for a synchronous (i.e., pulsed) system or K/L+η¯+Lts for an asynchronous (i.e., continuous beam) system, where η¯ is the probability that the detector misses an ion impact, and L(K) and λ(κ) are the number of ions (dark counts) per unit time and per pulse, respectively. ts is the system reaction time for an asynchronous system. This approximation allows easy identification of the greatest need for engineering effort. Some experimental efforts to measure these parameters and their uncertainties are examined.


In order to study the process and the mechanism of establishment of communication through interactions, we conducted an experiment of formation of communication systems. In the experiment, participants try to solve a coordinate task through transmission and reception of messages composed of small number of abstract figures. We observed that the participants came to solve the coordination task by forming communication systems from the initial state without any rule about symbol usage. It is suggested from the analysis of the formation processes that the communication system is formed through the mutual scaffolding process between rules of symbol usage and some pragmatics which are not represented in the rule.


Any lawyer choosing to use the following somewhat typical joint custody agreement should note that it is only one form of the many possible. Mine has been used as part of the total marital settlement contract in the divorce cases I handle in Idaho. But each custody agreement depends upon the particular facts, and no one format should be slavishly followed. At times, judges might resist the idea of a joint custody agreement. An attorney should then make the judge aware of the theory behind these cases, using the' 'essence of parenting" argument?the human argument. The judge, after all, has equitable powers to consider matters other than the strict law and procedure of the case. Proof of this comes from the following two cases. In re Marriage ofEstelle, 492 S.W. 2d 277 (Mo. App. 1979): If both parents are employed and equally absent from the home, the mother has no more part in training, nur turing, and helping in the child's development; and, if everything else is equal, the mother has no better claim to the child's custody. In re Marriage of Carney, 598 P.2d (Cal. 1979): The essence of parenting lies in the ethical, emotional, and intellectual guidance the parent gives to the child throughout his formative years, and beyond. The source of this guidance is the adult's own experience of life; its motive power is parental love and concern for the child's well-being; and its teachings deal with such fundamental matters as the child's feelings about him self, his relationship with others, his system of values, his standards of conduct, and his goals and priorities in life.


We present an improved speech enhancement method based on Wiener filtering in the wavelet domain for automatic speech recognition (ASR). The wavelet coefficien ts that are contaminated by the effects of late reflection and backgr ound noise are filtered using a Wiener gain. We optimize the wavele t parameters for speech, background noise and late reflection to achieve a better estimate of the Wiener gain for effective filtering. Wiener gains to compensate for the effects of late reflection and background noise are independently estimate d and then combined. Moreover, we introduce the noise profile and reverberation time identification to cope with different noise and reverberant conditions. Experimental results in large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) show that the propos ed method outperforms the conventional methods.


The article discusses the technological process of grain harvesting and its movement inside the grain harvester. The assessment of the most characteristic operations causing micro- and macrotrauma of grain is given. The presented process is considered as the work of a complex system "environment-man-machine". An algorithm is proposed for determining the crushing and injury of grain behind the thresher of a grain harvester, which makes it possible to determine the level of its damage. The most promising ways of technological improvement of the cleaning process have been determined, which will reduce grain injury and improve its sowing quality.


This article researched from the evolution of the concept of development,and gave a comprehensive analysis of the scientific development concept. Finally,we found the scientific development concept's systematic way of thinking,a long-term strategic vision,an open attitude,and the core spirit of people-oriented are the best methodology to guide the development of China's informatization.


Interior mass walls in a hot humid climate can be thermally grounded to the earth heat sink. The mean radiant temperature of the grounded interior mass walls is warmer in winter and cooler in summer than interior air temperatures. The result is an improvement in the bio-climatic sensation of comfort and an increase in energy conservation.


The polymerization of norbornene (NB) with catalysts obtained by combining cobalt(II)−phosphine complexes (i.e., CoCl2(PR3)2, CoCl2(PRPh2)2, R = alkyl or cycloalkyl group, Ph = phenyl) with methylaluminoxane (MAO) is reported. These systems exhibited excellent activity when used in an halohydrocarbon solvent, yielding amorphous, soluble vinyl-type poly(norbornene)s (PNB)s. The NB copolymerization with ethylene (E) was also examined. Norbornene macromonomers (Mn in the range 740−8740 g mol−1) with a terminal vinyl group, likely originating from insertion of one ethylene molecule followed by a β-hydrogen elimination reaction, were obtained in almost 100% yield. By varying the NB starting concentration as well as the time and the polymerization temperature, it was possible to tune the molecular weight of the macromonomers which exhibited different Tg values upon the NB polymerization degree. The PNBs and the macromonomers were fully characterized by NMR analysis, and a reaction mechanism for the formation of...


The emergence of data‐independent quantitative LC‐MS/MS analysis protocols further highlights the importance of high‐quality reproducible chromatographic procedures. Knowing, controlling and being able to predict the effect of multiple factors that alter peptide RP‐HPLC separation selectivity is critical for successful data collection for the construction of ion libraries. Proteomic researchers have often regarded RP‐HPLC as a "black box", while vast amount of research on peptide separation is readily available. In addition to obvious parameters, such as the type of ion‐pairing modifier, stationary phase and column temperature, we describe the "mysterious" effects of gradient slope, column size and flow rate on peptide separation selectivity. Retention time variations due to these parameters are governed by the linear solvent strength (LSS) theory on a peptide level by the value of its slope S in the basic LSS equation—a parameter that can be accurately predicted. Thus, the application of shallower gradients, higher flow rates, or smaller columns will each increases the relative retention of peptides with higher S‐values (long species with multiple positively charged groups). Simultaneous changes to these parameters that each drive shifts in separation selectivity in the same direction should be avoided. The unification of terminology represents another pressing issue in this field of applied proteomics that should be addressed to facilitate further progress.


Exome sequencing and targeted panel sequencing are popular next generation sequencing (NGS) approaches to identify and characterize different genetic aberrations in research and clinical samples, such as cancer specimens. Many factors including panel targets design, wet lab handling and bioinformatic analysis can affect the sensitivity and accuracy of variant/aberration detection. Here we report the comparison results among six different library preparation kits from multiple vendors using the same FFPE samples. At 100X raw sequencing depth, the Agilent SureSelectXT HS Library Preparation kit generated the highest performance on four key metrics: on-target rate, average read depth, percentage of target bases at 20X read depth and the yield of pre-capture library. Vendor A kit ranked second in two metrics of percentage of target bases at 20X read depth and pre-capture library yield; Vendor E ranked second in two metrics of on-target rate and average read depth. Overall, the Agilent SureSelectXT HS kit outperformed the other 5 kits evaluated.