[1] This book tries to deal with a large topic in a relatively concise way. It is not the first book on Barth's ethics—and it will not be the last either. The basic thesis of the work is that the motive of the crisis is a fundamental notion in Barth's theology, or more exactly: it is the most fundamental theological notion anyway. That is, that dialectic prevailing in Barth's second commentary on Romans runs through Barth's entire theology and hence, the whole range of the Church Dogmatics and Barth's ethics must be read in terms of this notion. The difference between Barth's commentary on Romans and the Church Dogmatics is therefore to be seen as smaller than is often claimed: In the early years, Barth's tends towards the negative side of the dialectic, whereas in the later years the positive side prevails. The motive of the crisis remains crucial. The examples, which Clough states here, are the theological regulation of 'Love and Community' and of 'War, Peace, and Revolution.' In his rejection of the idea of a fundamental break in Barth's thought, Clough refers also to Bruce McCormack's theses; McCormack, different from Clough, sees a fundamental change in Barth's thought, however only within the topic of election and not before the beginning of the Church Dogmatics. [2] Basically, Clough's thesis is first of all correct and plausible: the dimension of dialectic runs through all of Barth's thinking. To stress the continuity between the commentary on Romans and the Church Dogmatics with regard to ethics is therefore understandable and corresponds to some newer research. The concept that Barth's ethics comes down to, following Clough, is situational ethics, because in a situation of crisis, one always again, depends on the situation for the an answer to an ethical question to be found. Following Clough, an ethics oriented towards values is not compatible with Barth. [3] With this basic statement, Clough first of all created a precise basis for his thesis, which can be tested against Barth's material ethical statements, both those inside and outside of the Church Dogmatics. In every respective situation again, it has to be realized that Barth has no ethics in which a single principle determines the whole. [4] Upon closer examination, however, Clough's work proves to be less fundamental than it seems. For example, it is important to notice that apart from


The history of "Environmental Acoustics" research area development in the activities of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University's "Ecology and Industrial Safety" chair in general from the end of the nineteenth century to the present time has been described. Much attention is paid to the activities of E.Ya. Yudin (as the creator of the technical acoustics scientific school at the chair) and his students as well. Have been presented the main areas of carried out at the chair research works (both theoretical and practical), related to problems of noise and vibration reduction. Have been considered the issues of technical acoustics teaching in the framework of the recently created "Environmental Acoustics" master's program, as well as the prospects for this area development at the chair in the near future.


ABSTRACT In this paper, we investigate several modified exponential finite-difference methods to approximate the solution of the one-dimensional viscous Burgers' equation. Burgers' equation admits solutions that are positive and bounded under appropriate conditions. Motivated by these facts, we propose nonsingular exponential methods that are capable of preserving some structural properties of the solutions of Burgers' equation. The fact that some of the techniques preserve structural properties of the solutions is thoroughly established in this work. Rigorous analyses of consistency, stability and numerical convergence of these schemes are presented for the first time in the literature, together with estimates of the numerical solutions. The methods are computationally improved for efficiency using the Padé approximation technique. As a result, the computational cost is substantially reduced in this way. Comparisons of the numerical approximations against the exact solutions of some initial-boundary-value problems for different Reynolds numbers show a good agreement between them.


Backward elastic p 3 He-scattering at incident proton kinetic energies T p > 1 GeV is investigated in the framework of the np-pair transfer mechanism and triangular diagram of one-pion exchange with a subprocess pd → 3 Heπ 0 using a realistic three-body wave function of the 3 He nucleus. It is found that the np−pair transfer mechanism dominates owing to a rich high momentum component of the 3 He wave function. We show that the experimental cross section of this process is defined mainly by the values of the Faddeev component of the 3 He wave function, ϕ 23 (q 23 , p 1), at high relative momenta q 23 > 0.6GeV /c of the NN-pair in the 1 S 0 − state and at low spectator momenta p 1 ≤ 0.1 GeV/c. The spin-spin correlation parameter is calculated in the framework of the dominating mechanism for the case of polarized target and beam. Rescatterings in the initial and final states are taken into account. Comparison with the pd → dp process is performed.


Based on AVR microcontroller ATmega128 and embedded RTOS Nut/OS, this project finished a low-cost and efficient Ethernet instrument, it has the ability to record the number of remainders in someplace at sometime, the number will be transmitted to the access control system through Ethernet at the same time. The instrument meets the requirements of some industry occasions, which need the real-time number of remainders in special someplace at sometime through Ethernet.


Oil prices and availability and the investment cycle heavily influence innovation in petrochemical industries. New feedstock is thus strategic to these industries [9]. The concerns on environmentally-friendly processes, on another hand, further increase the interest on renewable feedstock in the countries with attractive production costs. R&D on these renewable inputs reveals great opportunities in the bio-based plastics market. The objective here is to present the current bio-based plastics development situation and to identify the main factors which affect innovation on these technologies as well as their adoption and diffusion. The analyses are structured through the integrative framework proposed by Suarez [3]. An important dependency on the feedstock availability has been identified as critical, and Brazil seems to have competitive advantages, due to its strong knowledge on sugar cane production and ethanol processing. The Brazilian industry has already launched commercial products, but, none has already emerged as a clear front runner in the world market. Following the framework proposed by Suarez, the possible reasons for this barrier are discussed.


The growing concerns about energy security and global climate change have stimulated the transition to alternative fuel vehicles (AFV), widely considered an important ingredient in sustainable transportation (1). Of the many competing technologies, plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) have received much attention thanks to their high energy efficiency (2), the ability to substitute electricity for petroleum and the potential to reduce carbon footprint (3). However, the adoption of PEVs is hurdled by several critical factors: the relatively high retail price, the short range of batteries, and the lack of supporting infrastructure, especially charging stations (4). In the US, policy makers have created various incentive program aiming to overcome some of these barriers. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) signed into law a provision that will offer up to $7,500 of tax credit for each new PEV purchase starting from 2010. The state governments in the US have also implemented various policies to encourage the ownership of PEVs and installation of charging stations. In Illinois, for example, Electric Vehicle Initiatives provide a rebate up to $49,000 toward the installation of Level II charging stations and a rebate up to $ 4000 for the purchase of a new alternate fuel vehicle. It is clear that the public investment on these incentive programs is a scarce resource that should be carefully allocated to maximize its impact. Funded by Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern (ISEN), our project aims at developing mathematical models that support resource allocation in this process. When fully implemented, the models created in this project may help the policy makers decide (1) when and how much money should be invested on what incentive programs in order to achieve a desired goal (e.g. reduced greenhouse gas emissions, reduced dependence on petroleum); and (2) how to plan the charging infrastructure in order to meet the the demand for intercity trips made using PEVs. In what follows, we briefly explain the progress we were able to make with the resources provided by ISEN. The first part focuses on the optimization of incentive policies, and the second deals with the problem of locating charging stations along heavily traveled corridors.


One of the important problems of modern ecology is the accumulation of heavy metals (HM) in ground in the plant communities of which is reflected in all components of the biosphere. Analyzed the accumulation of heavy metals lead in different plant ground steppe zone Orenburg region. Soil science has significant dates about the patterns of behavior of trance elements in soils. The content and distribution of trace elements depends on many chemical, physical and physicalchemical properties of the soil, the main of whish are state grain size, content and quality of humus, the reaction medium. However to find quantitative relationships between different indicators of soil properties, and the content of trace elements is very difficult, because the soil is a complex heterogeneous system. Studying the influence of the properties of soils and rocks on the content of trace elements in the topsoil have been devoted to domestic and foreign scientists. Many studies have shown that the accumulation of trace elements in soils primary rove belongs to the soil-forming rocks. The material resulting from the destruction and weathering of parent rock, naturally reflect their composition in relation of micronutrients. Soil, geochemical usually, inherit the trains of their parent rocks, but on the content and distribution of trace elements in the soil-forming process is applied influence. Content as a gross and moving forms of trace elements in soils determined by their concentration in soil-forming rocks. Significant impact on the migration of trace elements in soil environment. Closely related relative activity of the cations and anions of a chemical reaction between the elements and thus the formation of there or other natural compounds characterized by different solubility and availability for plants. Heavy metals can accumulate in the lower soil horizons, regardless of their origin. The total content of mobile forms in less characteristics of sandy soils in much greater-for loamy. That is, there is a close relationship between the content of mobile forms of elements and the composition of soil texture.


School bullying has been universally recognised as damaging psychological, social, academic and even physical development of children (Marsh, Parada, Craven & Finger, 2004; Pellegrini, 2004). A well-designed anti-bully program that tackles school bullying is therefore an important mission for establishing desirable educational environments and positive pathways to self-reliance for children. The purpose of this paper is to review the extant anti-bullying research to identify salient features of successful interventions and identify directions for future research. Findings indicate effective intervention programs have some common features in that they: (1) are theoretical grounded; (2) gain commitment from the school and research team; (3) adopt a whole-school approach impacting on the school ethos, assisting teachers, informing parents and educating students; (4) use robust measures and analysis; (5) create safe and supportive school environments; (6) provide specialised formal teacher training showing teachers how to actively manage bullying behaviours; (7) use intervention strategies at individual and peer levels, as well as integrating cognitive-behavioural strategies to maintain long-term change; and (8) gain support from parents. Further, while some intervention programs considered in this review meet some of these criteria (e.g., Olweus, 1997; Rigby & Slee, 1993), their effectiveness has not been adequately determined by state-of-the art research methodology. To address the latter suggested strategies for strengthening anti-bullying intervention research are presented.


Studies were carried out on ascorbic acid and glutathione concentration in human fetal tissues with the progress of gestation. The glutathione concentration in human fetal liver and adrenal showed a decline during late gestation, the decline in the brain being earlier. This is consistent with the fall in ascorbic acid concentration in all tissues during late gestation. Glutathione concentration and glutathione/ascorbic acid ratio was significantly lower in the low income group than the high income group, confirming previous observations that state of nutrition may influence cellular glutathione.


There is a need for a quantitative calculation method for carbon emissions during asphalt pavement construction. In this study, the carbon sources were detected and carbon emission during pavement construction was divided into two parts—the emission resulting from energy consumption and that arising from the volatilization of asphalt mixtures itself. The carbon emission calculation model of energy consumption is presented based on the energy consumption list and calorific value method proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The model of the carbon emission from volatilization of asphalt mixtures was introduced based on a combination of on-site inspection data and the greenhouse gas diffusion rate and calculated volume. Finally, high-carbon emission processes and total carbon emissions were obtained, and the corresponding low-carbon technologies were proposed for different types of carbon emissions. The results show that the ratio of carbon emission generated by energy consumption and the volatilization of asphalt mixtures is 3:2; aggregate and asphalt heating are high-carbon emission processes of energy consumption, while asphalt mixture rolling and mixing are the high-carbon emission processes of asphalt mixture. Furthermore, the use of natural gas can control carbon emission in energy consumption; low-carbon asphalt mixtures and warm mixing technology can effectively reduce carbon emission from the volatilization of asphalt mixtures. This study lays a theoretical foundation for green pavement construction.


It is our understanding that the Souris River is an international stream which is under the jurisdiction and control of the International Joint Commission, created in 1909 by a treaty entered into between the United States and the Dominion of Canada. It is also our understanding that it is the function of that Commission to divide or allocate the waters of the Souris River among the provinces of Saskatchewan, Manitoba and the State of North Dakota.


Exam is one way to measure the performance of students in the learning process. The type of test that is often tested on every student's learning activity is the description of the type of exam (essay). This study focuses on the manufacture of automatic assessment to test the extension of type descriptions using text similarity. This method has several stages such as text mining, text preprocessing algorithm to process stemming Nazief-Adriani, transforming text, then the assessment using tf-idf method, as well as cosine similarity. Results of this study is the final value assessment system using text similarity did not differ significantly from the results of expert assessment. This is proven by testing using paired T test with degrees of freedom (α) of 5%, where the value ttabel> thitung (2,045> 0.3755) as well as the significant value> degrees of freedom (0.71> 0.05). However, there are several different types of questions that a significant result because there are unique characters that terrekam in the database as well as answers to the key does not contain relevant keywords that match the correct answer.

Ujian adalah salah satu cara untuk mengukur performa siswa dalam proses belajar. Jenis ujian yang sering diujikan pada setiap kegiatan belajar siswa adalah tipe ujian uraian (essay). Penelitian ini berfokus pada pembuatan ekstensi penilaian otomatis untuk ujian bertipe uraian dengan menggunakan metode text similarity. Metode ini mempunyai beberapa tahapan seperti text mining, text preprocessing dengan proses stemming menggunakan algoritma Nazief-Adriani, text transforming, lalu penilaiannya menggunakan metode tf-idf, serta cosine similarity. Hasil penelitian ini adalah nilai akhir hasil penilaian menggunakan sistem text similarity tidak berbeda signifikan dengan hasil penilaian dari pakar. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan pengujian menggunakan uji T berpasangan dengan derajat kebebasan (α) sebesar 5%, dimana nilai ttabel > thitung (2.045 > 0.3755) serta nilai signifikansi > derajat kebebasan (0.71 > 0.05). Namun, terdapat beberapa tipe soal yang hasilnya berbeda signifikan dikarenakan terdapat karakter unik yang terrekam di dalam database serta jawaban pada kunci tidak mengandung keyword yang sesuai dengan relevansi jawaban yang benar.


This paper presents an application of Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) to the position and force control of flexible manipulators and robots. In this paper a single-link flexible manipulator has been analyzed as an example [1].


Transdermal drug delivery system has been accepted as potential noninvasive route of drug administration, with advantages of prolonged therapeutic effect, reduced side effects, improved bioavailability, better patient compliance and easy termination of drug therapy. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) represents the most commonly used medications for the treatment of pain and inflammation, but numerous welldescribed side effects can limit their use. Therefore transdermal delivery of NSAIDs has advantages of avoiding hepatic first pass effect, gastric irritation and delivering the drug for extended period of time at a sustained level. The present article gives the brief view on the work been done on various NSAIDs by formulated and delivered as transdermal patches to decrease the side effects associated with the oral delivery. The various NSAIDs included in this article include Ketoprofen, Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Fluribrofen, Diclofenac, Aceclofenac, Ketorolac, Indomethacin, Meloxicam, Nimesulide, Celecoxib, Etoricoxib. INTRODUCTION: The skin has attracted much attention as an alternative route for administering systemically active drugs. The potential advantages associated with transdermal drug delivery are well documented . Transdermal therapeutic systems are defined as self contained, discrete dosage forms which, when applied to the intact skin, deliver the drug(s), through the skin, at controlled rate to the systemic circulation. Thus, it is anticipated that transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) can be designed to maintain suitable plasma drug levels for therapeutic efficacy by using skin as the port of entry of drugs . Non-Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly used class of medications for the treatment of pain and inflammation and represents one of the most common classes of medication used world-wide, with an estimated usage of >30 million per day . NSAIDs are structurally diverse group of compounds known to prevent formation of prostanoids (prostaglandins and thromboxanes) from arachidonic acid through the inhibition of the enzyme cyclo-oxygenase (COX). COX has two isoenzymes: COX1 is found ubiquitously in the most tissues and produces prostaglandins and thromboxane, while COX2 is located in certain tissues (brain, blood vessels and so on) and its expression increases during inflammation or fever .


Diamond films of small roughness have been deposited onto thermally oxidized Si substrates by a process of anisotropic crystalline growth induced by nitrogen in a hot-filament chemical vapor deposition reactor. Ethanol (C2H5OH), diluted in hydrogen and nitrogen, was used as the source of carbon. At high concentrations, nitrogen tends to suppress the diamond growth in the 〈100〉 direction, which allows the growth of square mesoscopic-like crystals ("plates") of large area in the directions parallel to the surface of the substrate. These plates stack upon each other, forming a thick diamond coating of uniform thickness. Analysis of the films made by micro-Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed that it is possible to obtain diamond coatings of high quality with a roughness comparable to that of the SiO2 at the diamond/SiO2 interface, and of nanometric roughness on the surface of the plates. A model to explain the morphology of the plates based on the microscopic mechanisms that involve the po...


I argue that a concept of law that assigns primacy to the regulative role fulfilled by legal systems is best suited for explaining law's discrete practice areas. This regulative point of view facilitates the development of a concept of law capable of cohering with theories of discrete legal areas. The posted paper revises the article as originally published in the Cumberland Law Review.


It consists in one inventory of the physics-geographical landscapes from Natural Park "Jardin del Pinar"; and the diagnostic of the natural conditions and resources that permit the assimilation of the territory with different aims. In the inventory is made the characterization of the creative factors and the factors that differentiate the landscapes. The map that is obtained how result is the cartographic base for the confection the others thematic maps from protected area.


A regional atmospheric model was employed to demonstrate that a strong westerly wind, which occurred around December 2001 prior to the 2002/03 El Niño event, was enhanced by sea surface temperature gradient along the equator in the western Pacific warm pool region. Furthermore, a regional oceanic model was employed to demonstrate that the enhanced westerly wind event substantially increased oceanic Kelvin wave response along the equatorial Pacific Ocean. (Citation: Miyama, T. and T. Hasegawa, 2014: Impact of sea surface temperature on westerlies over the Western Pacific warm pool: case study of an event in 2001/02. SOLA, 10, 5−9, doi: 10.2151/sola.2014-002).


Office rent determinants are well established for various metropolitan areas in the US [2, 3, 25] and some other international centres in Europe, especially in the UK [12, 17, 28]. The site selection and investment decisions for new office construction will largely depend on the information how office rent determinants are ranked according to their importance. For this purpose, the ranking of 52 office rent determinants for the metropolitan area of Istanbul are presented using the technique of factor analysis, and later compared with the reported findings of available major metropolitan areas. It has been found that, the only parameter commonly found significant is the vacancy rate. The results point out that regional differences and different economic conditions can significantly alter the perceived importance of rental determinants. Keywords: office rent determinants, factor analysis.


Book review of: Joop W. Koopmans, 'Early Modern Media and the News in Europe. Perspectives from the Dutch Angle', Brill, 2018, xviii + 361 pp., isbn 978-90-04-37930-5


ABSTRACT This essay examines contemporary English newspapers as sources for Somerset v. Stewart (1772), the landmark trial of the slave, James Somerset. The trial, on a habeas corpus contested by Charles Stewart, Somerset's alleged owner, was headed by William Murray, Lord Mansfield, and ended in Somerset's discharge. Newspaper coverage, which often produced partial verbatim transcripts, has been neglected. Most citations rely on Folarin Olawale Shyllon. Today, only the transcripts of William Isaac Blanchard and Capel Lofft (edited by Andrew Lyall) are considered canonical. This essay argues that contemporary newspaper reports amount to a virtually parallel version of the trial, differing in major respects from Blanchard and Lofft. A newspaper (not reproduced in Lyall) provides the sole source for the 9 May hearing. A report in The Middlesex Journal cites an authority, Sir Robert Raymond, who does not appear in extant copies of the verdict, a ruling which has been the subject of exhaustive examination by scholars.


Please explain how the relationships between a village soviet and the precinct [uchastkovyi] militia inspector should be organized. I am particularly interested in the following question: is the militiaman [policeman] required to notify the village executive committee when he will be away for twenty-four hours or more in connection with his duties? Our precinct inspector, Comrade V. M. Bodrov, states that he is not subordinate to the executive committee of the village soviet and, consequently, is not subject to its monotoring. And a second question. The village soviet executive committee sometimes receives citizens' complaints of improper behavior by neighbors (abusive behavior, disorderly quarrels, etc.). Do we have the right to instruct the precinct inspector to look into such complaints?


The Authors report their experience in the fertility evaluation of 159 men who underwent, during childhood, orchiopexy for cryptorchidism. Patients were divided into two groups. Group A consisted of 67 patients out of 442 subjected to orchiopexy between 1975 and 1983. Group B consisted of 92 patients out of 1052 evaluated for infertility. All patients were evaluated by semen analysis, testis ultrasound, FSH, LH, Testosterone. The percentage of normospermic patients in Group A was 51.7% and in Group B 14.7% (p < 0.001). When bilateral cryptorchidism was present the percentage of semen anomalies was very high: 16.6% and 40% of azoospermia in Group A and B respectively. In patients with monolateral cryptorchidism the mean testicular volume of the undescended testis is significantly lower than the contralateral one. This latter fact only is related to sperm concentration and is inversely proportional to FSH value. In monolateral cryptorchidism the sperm concentration seems to be unrelated to previous treatment (orchiopexy vs orchiectomy). Even if the Authors cannot exclude the possibility of testicular damage due to late treatment, they point out the possibility of a primary testicular anomaly. The involvement of the contralateral normally-descended testis seems to confirm this possibility which needs, however, to be confirmed through a structural study.


Folic acid (from Latin folium, meaning leaf; pteroylglutamic acid) is a B vitamin that facilitates the transfer of 1-carbon units in numerous biosynthetic reactions for 2 classes of important cellular functions: biological methylation and the contribution of formyl units to the synthesis of nucleotides (Figure). The interest in folic acid for the treatment of cardiovascular disease stems from its critical role in converting homocysteine to methionine.1 Hyperhomocysteinemia was found to be associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease in epidemiological studies, and dietary folate fortification lowers plasma homocysteine levels.1–3 Although recent trials have failed to demonstrate a benefit of lowering homocysteine for cardiovascular disease,4,5 it is not time to close the book on folic acid and cardiovascular health. Folic acid has been found to improve endothelial function independent of its homocysteine-lowering effect in several clinical studies.6–8 A dramatic cardioprotective effect of folic acid reported by Moens and colleagues9 in this issue of Circulation could potentially bring folic acid to the center stage in the management of ischemic heart disease.

Figure. The role of folic acid in 1-carbon metabolism and its potential mechanisms for cardiac protection. The active metabolites of folic acid, 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate (THF) and 5-methyl THF serve as formyl donor and methyl donors for purine synthesis and methylation reactions, respectively. Besides converting homocysteine to methionine, 5-methyl THF improves vascular endothelial function by enhancing nitric oxide bioavailability and protects against oxidative injury. MTHFR indicates methyl tetrahydrofolate reductase; BH4, tetrahydrobiopterin; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; B6, vitamin B6; and B12, vitamin B12.

Article p 1810

In this study, Moens et al9 treated rats with a very high dose of folic acid for 1 week (10 mg/d, roughly 400 times over the high recommended clinical dose …


Bradley and Nemiroff examine the re-emergence of figuration, the questioning of both subjectivity and the social, and the role played by painting and photography since the 1970s. The curators then discuss the strategies used by 15 Canadian artists who address aspects of the politics of representation and the role of the spectator. Artists' statements. Biographical notes. Circa 150 bibl. ref.


This paper reviews the design of a new seismic surveying vessel which was developed in response to the increased need for 3D seismic data acquisition. To help in the distribution of the seismic equipment in tow, this ship was developed to have a wide, continuous beam to allow uniform distribution of a large number of seismic streamers. This width to length ratio also provides better stability of the ship as it moves through the water increasing the quality of the seismic data. The propulsion systems have also been constructed to better drag the arrays through the water. Specifications and cost benefit analysis of this new seismic vessel are reviewed and compared to conventional seismic survey methods and vessels.


Abstract The surface of copper alloys was studied by means of a scanning electron microscope after having been sputtered by a glow discharge source under typical conditions for spectrochemical analysis. The surface topography developed during the process of sputtering gave the following two results: It would appear that the energy spread of the bombarding ions is small and the variation in the angles of incidence of these ions is less than usually accepted.


Fluorites are found in the region between Hamit, Karakütük, Bayındır and Yeniyapan villages of the Kaman District (Kırşehir-Türkiye). Fluorites are located in altered levels due to faults in quartz syenites containing gray-pink colored K-feldspar, plagioclase and quartz, amphibole and biotite type mafic minerals in the Upper Cretaceous aged. Central Anatolian Granitoids, Fluorites observed in purple and green in places, pink, yellow, white colors as veins reaching from a few centimeters to two meters, purple and green in places, pink, yellow, white colors.
According to X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis results, quartz syenites are composed of quartz, feldspar and clay minerals; fluorites are composed of fluorite and quartz mineral combination. According to Wavelength Dispersive XRF (WDXRF) analysis results, it is observed that the amount of F in purple fluorites is 39.8%, the amount of CaO is 51.2%, the amount of SiO2 is 8.68%, the amount of F in green fluorites is 46.7%, the amount of CaO is 51.5%, and the amount of SiO2 is 1.15%. As a result of cathodoluminescence analysis, the presence of rare earth elements (REE) terbium (Tb), erbium (Er), dysprosium (Dy) and samarium (Sm) elements were observed in fluorites.
In order for the fluorites in the region to be used as a gemstone; while features color variety, texture, and easy workability are revealed as positive features, features such as low hardness, low strength in atmospheric conditions, and cleaved structure in coarse crystals are determined as negative features. For this reason, the fluorites in the region can be used as gemstones, however it is important that they undergo improvement methods (saturation with epoxy).


1. Effects of scapular stabilization exercise on pain related parameters in patients with scapulocostal syndrome: A randomized controlled trial Vitsarut Buttagat, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. Naruecha Taepa, B.PT. Nitchakarn Suwannived, B.PT. Nattanan Rattanachan, B.PT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of scapular stabilization exercise (SSE) on pain intensity, pressure pain threshold (PPT), muscle tension and anxiety in patients with scapulocostal syndrome (SCS). Thirty-six patients were randomly assigned to receive a 30minute session of either SSE or control (relaxed by lying supine quietly) for 12 sessions over a period of 4 weeks. Pain intensity, PPT, muscle tension and anxiety were assessed before and after a 4-week intervention period and 2 weeks after the intervention period. The adverse effects were evaluated after completion of the intervention period. Results indicated that the SSE group showed a significant improvement in all parameters after the intervention period and at 2 weeks after the intervention period (p < 0.05). For all outcomes, similar changes were not found in the control group. The adjusted post-test mean values of each assessment time point for pain intensity, muscle tension and anxiety were significantly lower in the SSE group than those of the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the values for PPT were significantly higher in the SSE group (p > 0.05). There were no reports of adverse effects in either group. We therefore conclude that SSE can improve pain related parameters and could be an effective intervention for SCS. 2. The role of the scapula in preventing and treating shoulder instability. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2015 Aug 1. Kibler WB, Sciascia A. The shoulder is a closed-chain mechanism that balances the mobility required by the ranges of motion in normal activities with the stability required to act as a stable ball and socket base for those activities. The scapula plays key roles in the closed-chain mechanism by being mobile enough to place the glenoid in optimal relation to the humerus to facilitate concavity/compression and by being a stable base for coordinated muscle activation to compress the humerus into the glenoid. Scapular dyskinesis alters these roles and is frequently present in many types of glenohumeral instability. It may create or exacerbate the abnormal glenohumeral kinematics in instability. Clinical evaluation methods can demonstrate scapular dyskinesis, and if dyskinesis is present, rehabilitation for the dyskinesis should be included in the non-operative, preoperative, or post-operative treatment. Rehabilitation for scapular dyskinesis can be performed by specific protocols and is more successful in muscle-predominant instabilities such as multidirectional instability and repetitive microtrauma instability. Level of evidence V. PMID: 26231154


The purpose of this paper is to make the first comprehensive survey of inland sites with oblique points in the northernmost parts of Fennoscandia. The chronological and technological relation of th ...


In this paper, we attempt to answer two questions. What role does a mayor's promotion incentive play in China's regional economic growth? How do mayors behave when faced with promotion pressure? In doing so, we argue that significant GDP manipulation could partially reduce the explanatory power of promotion tournament theory in explaining China's economic growth although through this tournament mechanism, the upper level government could still select high ability officials. To support our argument, we employ a regression discontinuity design that accounts for the age restriction imposed by the Communist Party of China (CPC) on the promotion of China's prefecture-level city mayors. The empirical results show that mayors' promotion incentives significantly increase the growth rate of statistical GDP by around 2% to 3%, while their effect on night-time light growth (an indicator of real economic growth) is merely 0.5%. This significant gap can be attributed to the artificial manipulation of GDP statistics, which is about 2.5%. The analysis points to the limits of performance-based promotion scheme in China and calls for caution when studying the complexity of sub-national officials' behaviors when they have performance pressure.


Early detection of non-indigenous species is crucial to reduce, mitigate, and manage their impacts on the ecosystems into which they were introduced. However, assessment frameworks for identifying introduced species on the Pacific Coast of South America are scarce and even non-existent for certain countries. In order to identify species' boundaries and to determine the presence of non-native species, through morphological examinations and the analysis of the plastid ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL-5P) gene, we investigated the phylogenetic relationships among species of the class Florideophyceae from the coast of Ancash, Peru. The rbcL-5P dataset revealed 10 Florideophyceae species distributed in the following four orders: Gigartinales, Ceramiales, Halymeniales, and Corallinales, among which the Asian species, Melanothamnus japonicus (Harvey) Díaz-Tapia & Maggs was identified. M. japonicus showed a pairwise divergence of 0% with sequences of M. japonicus from South Korea, the USA, and Italy, the latter two being countries where M. japonicus has been reported as introduced species. Our data indicate a recent introduction event of M. japonicus in Peru, and consequently, the extension of its distribution into South America. These findings could help to adopt management strategies for reducing the spread and impact of M. japonicus on the Pacific Coast of South America.


Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a recognized important pathogen in Indigenous populations in the Sioux Lookout area of Northwestern Ontario, Canada. This study investigates the current epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in the Kenora area of Northwestern Ontario, which has a relatively large Indigenous population (30%). Methods: Data from January 2010 to December 2016 were retrieved from retrospective chart review at a hospital servicing a population of 19,380. Results: Thirty-one cases of IPD were identified. Regional incidence (26.6/100,000/year) is nearly three times the national rate (9.0/100,000/year). In adults, 66.7% of cases were caused by serotypes included in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. All pediatric IPD cases were caused by serotypes not included in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Ninety per cent of cases had confirmed underlying disease. Conclusions: In the Kenora area, IPD incidence is comparable to incidence in the Sioux Lookout area. Improvement of pneumococcal vaccination uptake in senior and high-risk populations is required.


Plasmacytoid DC's (pDCs) in their role as Type I IFN producers, are key regulators of the innate immune response, yet their role in the adaptive immune response remains unclear. The ability of murine pDCs to present antigen in immune complexes (ICs) to T cells was examined. Unlike conventional DCs, ovalbumin‐IC exposed murine pDCs failed both to upregulate costimulatory molecules and to activate OVA specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The failure of murine pDCs to promote T cell activation through either the exogenous or cross‐presentation pathways occurred despite IC binding and internalization. ICs internalized by pDCs however were inefficiently delivered to an intracellular degradative compartment. This defect in the IC processing capability is likely the consequence of a lack of activating Fc Receptor expression (FcRI, III, IV) and the exclusive expression of the inhibitory receptor FcRIIB. This selective expression of FcRIIB by pDCs was not strain dependent and was maintained even following stimulation with TLR ligands and inflammatory cytokines. Thus, pDCs are unable to effectively process ICs for antigen presentation, and may not be able to directly activate naive T cells in vivo.


This study aims to describe the online learning process at the Faculty of Letters, State University of Malang using quantitative methods. The data collection technique in this study used a questionnaire in google form which was distributed via WhatsApp messages. Determination of the sample in this study using accidental sampling. The sample used was 115 students of the Faculty of Letters, State University of Malang. The results showed that there were several strengths and weaknesses such as getting additional material, easier access to material, assistance to access paid material from the university, online learning materials presented in several forms, interactive online learning processes, and good learning outcomes..


Introduction: The Sokal and Hasford (Euro) scores were developed in the chemotherapy and interferon era and are widely used as prognostic indicators in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).Recently, European Treatment and Outcome Study (EUTOS) scoring system was introduced. Data on risk stratification in pediatric CML population was lacking due to its rarity [ Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed the hospital records of newly diagnosed CML CP patients [aged ≤18 years] from 2004 to 2010 for their risk score, cytogenetic response and outcome at the end of 4 years. Outcome was measured in terms of event free survival (EFS) at the end of 48 months. Events include loss of hematological response, loss of cytological response, progression to accelerated/ blast phase (AP/BC). All received free Imatinib under Gleevac international patient assistance program. Results: Data of 106 children was analyzed with median age of 13.5 years [ranged 5-18 years] and male preponderance [M:F =1.14:1]. The distribution of children was 63%, 32% and 5% in Sokal low, intermediate and high risk respectively, 50%, 43% and 5% in Hasford/Euro low, intermediate and high risk respectively, 71% and 29% in EUTOS low and high risk respectively. The overall cumulative complete hematological response at the end of 3 month was 94%, and complete cytogenetic response at 18 months was 75%. The CCyR at 18 month was seen in 72%,76% and 100% among Sokal low, intermediate and high risk groups respectively, 74%, 73% and 100% among Hasford/Euro low, intermediate and high risk groups respectively, 81% and 86% EUTOS low and high risk groups respectively. The EFS at the end of 48 months was seen in 72%,64% and 83% among Sokal low, intermediate and high risk groups respectively; 70%, 63% and 83% among Hasford/Euro low, intermediate and high risk groups respectively; 73% and 66% EUTOS low and high risk groups respectively. Conclusion: None of the scoring systems predicted the response and outcome effectively in children with CML CP. Children with EUTOS low risk score had better EFS than high risk score but not statistically significant. These age group CML patients need to be studied and new prognostic scoring systems are needed to risk startify. Limitation of the study: small sample size, not a prospective study Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


We have studied the effect of Cr capping on the magnetic properties of Co nanoparticles (NPs). The NPs have an average diameter of 2.2 nm. The blocking temperature TB of the bare Co particles is 13.2 K. By capping with a thin Cr layer up to a thickness of tCr = 0.52 nm, we first observe a decrease of TB up to tCr = 0.14 nm, followed by an increase of TB for larger thicknesses 0.14 nm ≤ tCr ≤ 0.52 nm. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements at the resonant Co and Cr L3 edges confirm a magnetic polarization of Cr which is opposite to the magnetization of Co. The antiparallel alignment of Co and Cr spins at the Co/Cr interface can explain the decrease at low capping layer thickness. However, for larger Cr capping layer thicknesses, the Cr film bridges the Co NPs, mediating interparticle exchange coupling and enhancing dipolar coupling that leads to an increase of the blocking temperature.


Since 1980s China has forged more than one hundred cable-stayed bridges. With the passage of time, the stay cables of many bridges have been gravely corroded and some of them were broken causing collapses. In the grim situation, apprehensions about the safety of these cable-stayed bridges arise. This paper advances a series of pragmatic methods to attack inspection and evaluation of parallel wire cables. First of all a grading contrast standard for corrosive wires is established for the convenience of visual inspection. Inspections are then carried out on cables dismantled from cable-stayed bridges to find out the distributing rule of internal corrosion. Furthermore, a single wire modelling is built based on wire deterioration mechanism. It is required that the modelling should consider the dual influences of corrosion (including homogenous corrosion and rust pit etc.) and fatigue, which can be adjusted through testing. On the basis of the single wire modelling, a parallel cable model can be applied to figuring out remaining bearing capacity and forecasting remaining service lives of the cables. Finally, the experimental values of the discarded cables are compared with theoretical ones to verify the precision of the theoretical analysis. The method proposed in the paper was once applied to the inspection and evaluation of Shimen Bridge to determine the first replacement of stay cables. In the evaluation, the remaining service lives of the remaining cables were successfully estimated.


English) In this work we address different problems related with the representation, registration, filtering and visualization of point-based 3D models. The trivial representation for a point cloud is a sequential list of points. We claim that significant space savings can be achieved by taking advantage of the spatial coherence between neighbouring points. We thus propose an image-based approach which maps the data points onto the image plane by making use of their spherical coordinates. This results in a compact representation of the point cloud and its appearance attributes. We also address the problem of registering a collection of 3D scans. We propose a registration pipeline supporting arbitrarily-large datasets and compare it with commercial software. We propose various criteria for comparing and numerically evaluating different registrations. Robust normal estimation is key in most point-based tasks such as visualization and surface reconstruction. The methods in the literature are able to deal with noisy data under the assumption that every point has the same error. However, when a cloud of points is the result of registering various scans, this is not longer true. We propose and analyze a normal estimation method that is able to deal with this scenario. Finally, visualizing a massive point cloud is not a trivial task since it might not even fit in memory. A practical solution to this problem is to build panoramas at different points of interest and enabling navigation between them. For this, we propose an efficient method to build panoramas from arbitrary view points by combining data from multiple 3D scans. As test case, we will use a collection of 3D scans from the Mercat de Sant Antoni, a modernist building in the city of Barcelona that has been undergoing a reshuffling since 2009. The MOVING research group did recently a 3D scan of the Mercat and the archaeological remains that were found, resulting in 3.5 billion points.


The mechanism of carbon-nitrogen coupling reaction of 2-Iodo-selenophene with benzamide catalyzed by CuI has been investigated with density functional theory at GGA/PW91/DND level.The geometric configurations of reactants,intermediates,transition states,and products were optimized and verified by means of vibration frequency calculations.Comprising with that,same calculations were performed to the reaction without CuI activator.The activation barrier with CuI is 76kJ·mol-1 smaller than that without CuI.It turns out that CuI can promote the reaction by lowering the activation energy.


The performance of reinforced concrete structures, as in other composite members, depends on the bond between the steel and the concrete which ensures that load is transferred safely between the two materials. The research involved the direct application of environmentally and eco-friendly extracted exudates/resins used to control the effect of corrosion attacks by coating steel with varying thicknesses, embedded in concrete structures and immersed in sodium chloride (NaCl) solution for corrosion accelerated process. Laboratory experimental samples reflected the acid level of sea salt concentration in reinforced concrete cubes. The data for comparison of maximum obtained values are failure bond load are corroded -41.594% against 78.166% and 80.194% controlled and coated, bond strength is -34.227% against 73.201% and 69.943% and maximum slip are -42.731% against 102.034% and 113. The summarized computed and compared results of failure bond load, bond strength and maximum slip of the controlled, corroded and coated samples showed that the effect of sodium chloride as detailed in the "2.2 Experimental procedures" has adversely affected the mechanical properties of reinforcing steel of uncoated (corroded) samples which has resulted to poor performances, low load at failure state, less bond strength and slippage. The coated samples exhibited the potential of sustaining the negative effect of corrosion on reinforcing steel and by forming good contact and interlock between concrete and reinforcing steel by reducing the stress existing in the concrete surroundings. Results showed that the diameter of corroded reinforcement decreases by a maximum of -0.771% and the coated increases by 0.831%, for the cross-sectional area corroded has a maximum reduction value of -13.163% and the coated increases by 20.74%, the weight loss and increase in corroded is 22.887 % decreased (loss) and coated increased by 34.929% (gain). Regarding the mechanical properties of reinforcing steel, the effect of corrosion on reinforcing steel shows a decrease in the cross section of the rebar diameter compared to the nominal diameter before testing, weight reduction is also observed, an increase in the cross-sectional area, an increase in the diameter and minute increase in weight resulting from coating material as compared with the nominal reinforcement, which is due to differences in the thickness of the layered materials. It can be concluded that the exudate / resin studied has shown effective inhibiting properties against corrosion attack and can be used as a corrosion inhibitor


In this issue of Clinical Cancer Research , Walker et al. [(1)][1] report a comprehensive analysis of metabolic rate, tumor grade, contrast enhancement, and molecular genetic alterations in oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas. Brain tumor metabolism was assessed by single-photon emission


We report a case of coronary artery perforation during diagnostic coronary angiography. No cardiac biomarker elevation was observed. However, the patient suffered acute pericarditis which was treated conservatively.


Recent applications like social networks and IoT are the main source of the massive amount of data generated every day. Time series data is a major form where data is sequenced and indexed by timestamps. Multiple data mining techniques are applied to discover the behavior of time series datasets, periodic pattern mining is one of them. Many sequential pattern mining algorithms were presented, some of them built suffix trees and performed early pruning while other algorithms used pattern-growth techniques such as projection. A few algorithms performed Apriori-based techniques where lattice trees were built and traversed. However, most algorithms suffer from time and space issues when mining large scale time series sequences. In our paper, we present a solution that utilizes advanced and sophisticated distributed systems such as MapReduce framework. It splits the original sequence and distributes its segments across thousands of nodes in the MapReduce infrastructure. We use different training datasets to evaluate both traditional pattern mining algorithms and our MapReduce solution. After analyzing our solution in terms of time complexity, efficiency and accuracy, we clarify the advantages of processing data segments using periodic pattern mining along with MapReduce framework.


The possible application of the barocaloric effect to produce solid state refrigerators is a topic of interest in the field of applied physics. In this work, we present experimental data about the influence of external pressure on the magnetic properties of a manganite with phase separation. Using the Jahn Teller effect associated with the presence of the charge ordering, we were able to follow the transition to the ferromagnetic state induced by pressure. We also demonstrated that external pressure can assist the ferromagnetic state, decreasing the magnetic field necessary to generate the magnetic transition.


Color images such as satellite images (remote sensing images) and some natural images exhibit poor fuzziness in boundaries, complex background, and non-uniform illumination. This article presents a new approach intended to produce more sophisticated and reliable segmentation of such color images, which are based on the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and differential evolution (DE) algorithm that upholds optimum result during iterations. The proposed methodology augments the robustness and effectiveness of the traditional GLCM algorithm. Performance of the presented technique is evaluated through different tests conducted over various natural and satellite colored images. The simulation results validate the overall accuracy obtained by the proposed GLCM-DE approach, and the methodology was found to be superior to other optimization algorithm based techniques.


The effect of new type biomimetic materials,the composite membrane(PRGD) of RGD polypeptide and β-TCP and the blend membrane(PNGF) of PRGD and nerve growth factor(NGF),was researched on improving peripheral nerve regeneration for the repairing of peripheral nerve regeneration.After 3 and 6 months of Wistar rats experiment in vivo,the regenerated nerve was researched by the morphology and histology observation and examination of ratio of wet weight of musculus triceps,electrophysiological indexes and immunohistochemistry.The results showed that PRGD membrane had good biocompatibility and the sciatic nerve defects of rats could be repaired by PRGD membrane.The PNGF membrane can effectively improve the regeneration of the sciatic nerve of rats and some physiological indexes of regenerated nerve repaired by PNGF membrane were close to those of regenerated nerve repaired by autogenous nerve.


The introductory part of the research mainly focuses on the importance of using block chain facilities by using the 5G Network that can be useful for data privacy and security. It can be said that the research mainly focuses on all the benefits of using block chain technology in order to protect all the access of relevant data by implementing intelligent contracts for enhancing the security framework related to the use of 5G networks on the data protection activities. The Literature review of the research mainly concentrates on the benefits and merits of applying the block chain facilities for enhancing both the growth as well as the development of data protection and data privacy. All the merits, as well as demerits of using the block chain facility, have been also discussed throughout the overall research paper. On the other hand, various methods, as well as strategies for applying the block chain facilities, also have been analyzed throughout the literature review section of this research paper. A survey was conducted in this particular scenario to get a clear comprehension of the situation. A survey was conducted with fifty one random people that enable the researches to get a clear picture of the trend while fetching some real life data in this particular scenario.


Sandesh is the one of the most popular traditional milk products in Indian subcontinent. Pattern of milk production in India indicates that about 6 per cent of the milk produced is coagulated to produce Chhana . Out of this, about 80 per cent is used for manufacture of Sandesh . The efforts are made in the present investigation to add the value of Sandesh by incorporating the mango pulp @ 7.5 per cent, 15 per cent, 22.5 per cent and 30 per cent of weight of Chhana . The different sesory characteristics were determined. It is concluded, the cow milk Chhana best for Sandesh preparation. Sensory characteristics i.e. colour and appearance, flavour, body and texture of Sandesh was done using hedonic rating scale then it is concluded that score increasing with addition of mango pulp upto 22.5 per cent level of mango pulp (T 3 ) then decline significantly with increase in the level of mango pulp. From the results of present investigation it may be concluded that mango pulp could be successfully utilized for preparation of Sandesh . Addition of mango pulp in cow milk Sandesh improved sensory quality and acceptability of the product. For incorporation of Sandesh the optimum level of mango pulp found to be 22.5 per cent on the basis of weight of Chhana .


In a wide search program towards new and efficient antimicrobial agent chalcone has been synthesized b y condensing benzaldehyde derivatives with acetophenone derivatives in dilute ethanolic sodium hydroxide solution at room temperature according to Claisen S chmidt condensation. Then synthesized compound formulated and evaluated as enteric coated tablets to reduce the gastrointestinal tract side effects. Enteric coat was employed by using different polymers such as HPMC-55, Eudragit and Ethyl cellulose in different ra tios. Formulation exhibited optimum dissolution, disintegration, hardness and friability properties. The ant imicrobial activity of the novel products were evaluated by Fi lter Paper Disc diffusion Method. This study conclu ded that enteric coated tablets of chalcone can be prepared by using combination of polymers with optimum quality control parameters which ultimately reduces the GI tract side effects and retained its potency as anti microbial agents.


Amyloid β‐peptide (Aβ) is postulated to play a central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. We recently proposed a pathway of Aβ‐induced toxicity that is APP dependent and involves the facilitation of APP complex formation by Aβ. The APP‐dependent component requires cleavage of APP at position 664 in the cytoplasmic domain, presumably by caspases or caspase‐like proteases, with release of a potentially cytotoxic C31 peptide. In this study we show that Aβ interacted directly and specifically with membrane‐bound APP to facilitate APP homo‐oligomerization. Using chimeric APP molecules, this interaction was shown to take place between Aβ and its homologous sequence on APP. Consistent with this finding, we demonstrated that Aβ also facilitated the oligomerization of β‐secretase cleaved APP C‐terminal fragment (C99). We found that the YENPTY domain in the APP cytoplasmic tail and contained within C31 is critical for this cell death pathway. Deletion or alanine‐ scanning mutagenesis through this domain significantly attenuated cell death apparently without affecting either APP dimerization or cleavage at position 664. This indicated that sequences within C31 are required after its release from APP. As the YENPTY domain has been shown to interact with a number of cytosolic adaptor molecules, it is possible that the interaction of APP, especially dimeric forms of APP, with these molecules contribute to cell death.—Shaked, G. M., Kummer, M. P., Lu, D. C., Galvan, V., Bredesen, D. E., Koo, E. H. Aβ induces cell death by direct interaction with its cognate extracellular domain on APP (APP 597–624). FASEB J. 20, E546‐E555 (2006)


The Chinese textbooks are full of the writers' ideas and feelings,while the teaching of Chinese is just the process of transferring their ideas and feelings to individual students who are also full of feelings.It is the teacher's responsibility to set up a bridge for the communication of feelings in the classroom of the Chinese language,so that the students can easily and pleasantly comprehend the literary works as well as happily edify their thinking,cultivate their literary sensibility,develop their personality,and improve their competence in literature.


The aim of this study is to determine the effect of (1) different pH levels (5, 6, 7, 8, and 9) with water hardness 20 mg/L CaCO3 and (2) pH 5 and 7 with varying water hardnesses (20, 60, and 120 mg/L CaCO3) on the intensity of infection by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in fingerlings of the silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen. In Experiment 1, the lowest and highest mortality rates were observed in fingerlings exposed to pH 5 and 9, respectively; in Experiment 2, fish kept at pH 5 and 7 with hardness 20 mg/L CaCO3 showed significantly lowest and highest cumulative mortality, respectively, than those maintained in other conditions. The lowest intensity of trophonts/fingerling was observed at pH 5 and hardness 20 mg/L CaCO3 in both experiments. We conclude that infection by I. multifiliis is less severe in silver catfish maintained at pH 5 and hardness 20 mg/L CaCO3. High water hardness led to an increased intensity of trophonts and decreased survival in silver catfish kept at pH 5, but decreased intensity of trophonts and improved survival when the fish were kept at pH 7.


Recent work on gender differences in academic performance in wealthy countries highlights the importance of family structure: Boys' education suffers more than girls' education does when biological fathers are absent. We explored whether high rates of father absence in Latin America and the Caribbean might help explain why girls in the region have been more likely than boys to complete secondary school for decades. Data from the Demographic and Health Surveys instead demonstrated that the effect of father absence did not differ between boys and girls. The reverse gender gap in Latin American education cannot be explained by father absence compromising boys' on-time progression at ages 9 to 14 more than girls'. In the United States and other high-income countries, boys are particularly disadvantaged by father absence in poorer households, but in Latin America and the Caribbean poorer households may have higher levels of promale bias that offset any similar pattern.


Women in Engineering Program Associate Professor (by courtesy) in the Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences at University. Dr. Zurn-Birkhimer conducts research and leads retention activities including administration of the undergraduate and graduate mentoring programs and the teaching of the Women in Engineering seminar courses. For the past decade, Dr. Zurn-Birkhimer's research has focused on broadening participation of women and underrepresented group in STEM fields. Recently, she has been investigating the intersec-tion of education and career path with cultural identity and is developing strategies to inform programming and policies that facilitate recruitment and retention of underrepresented populations in academia. In 2012 Dr. Zurn-Birkhimer was presented with an Outstanding Alumni Award from the Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences and in 2019 the College of Science Distinguished Alumni Award at Purdue University. Dr. Zurn-Birkhimer earned her B.S. in Mathematics from the University of Minnesota, and an M.S. and Ph.D. in Atmospheric Science from Purdue University. Abstract This Complete Evidence-based Practice paper will describe the development, implementation, and analysis of an online Spatial Skills Training Workshop employed in a Women in Engineering first-year seminar course over the course of two years. The ability to mentally manipulate objects is known as spatial reasoning, and those with strong skills in this area have a propensity to pursue and persist in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) careers. However, it is widely known that females test lower on spatial reasoning tests than their male peers yet years of research show that strong spatial visualization skills are linked to success in engineering. Perhaps this partially explains the slow growth of females in undergraduate engineering programs over the past two decades. This research aimed to develop robust and straightforward training modules for female students to improve their spatial abilities so that they do not lag behind their male counterparts as they pursue undergraduate engineering degrees. To that end four 12-week spatial skills training workshops have been developed and implemented into a first-year female engineering seminar course. Weekly modules focused on origami or computer-aided design (CAD) tasks, and were designed to be completed, on average, in one hour. The goal of this study was to determine if the use of origami and/or CAD positively affected participants' spatial reasoning and, if so, which origami/CAD combination resulted in a greater improvement in skills. The Purdue Spatial Visualization Tests (PSVT) were used to assess spatial aptitude. This study examined the change in PSVT scores before, during, and after completion of the workshop modules. These scores were also evaluated in the context of the participants' country of origin, prior origami and/or CAD experience, as well as whether participants' parents or guardians are engineers.


The effects of replacing sodium chloride by sodium benzylpenicillinate on the evoked field potentials of in vitro preparations of guinea‐pig olfactory cortex were studied. The potentials evoked by supramaximal orthodromic electrical stimuli comprised an initial surface‐negative wave (EPSP); always one and sometimes two subsequent positive peaks (population spikes) were superimposed on the negative wave.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Rationale: Tissue inflammation and subsequent fibrosis contribute to ventricle remodelling after ischemic injury and have emerged as viable therapeutic targets. Comparatively, little is understood about the dynamics of inflammation and fibrosis in nonischemic heart failure, which is challenging to interrogate longitudinally. Objective: To investigate the interplay between ventricle loading conditions, tissue inflammation, and progressive fibrosis using noninvasive multimodality molecular imaging to characterize these processes in pressure overload heart failure. Methods and Results: We evaluated cardiac inflammation using positron emission tomography radiotracer 68Ga-pentixafor, which binds to chemokine receptor CXCR4 (CXC-motif receptor 4). Over the first 7 days after transverse aortic constriction, CXCR4 imaging identified diffuse elevated myocardial inflammation throughout the left ventricle (+34%, P<0.001), returning to sham levels over 6 weeks after surgery. This transient signal colocalized to local enrichment of CD68 macrophages, as confirmed by autoradiography and immunostaining. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a parallel prolongation of myocardial T1 relaxation time in transverse aortic constriction mice, persisting from 8 days to 6 weeks after surgery (+22%, P=0.003). The persistent imaging signal correlated to increased tissue fibrosis on histology. Molecular imaging at 1 week after surgery correlated independently with the change in ventricle geometry over the subsequent 3 weeks (CXCR4, rpartial=0.670, P=0.024; T1, rpartial=0.689, P=0.019). Alleviation of ventricle pressure by mechanical unloading restored not only cardiac function and geometry but also attenuated global inflammation and normalized T1 relaxation time. This finding demonstrates the capacity to monitor therapeutic intervention by serial molecular imaging. Conclusions: Inflammation and fibrosis are implicated in the early response to pressure overload and may be sensitively monitored by multimodality imaging. Such multimodality molecular imaging approaches may guide novel treatment strategies in nonischemic heart failure. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The Effect of a Reduction in GFR after Nephrectomy on Arterial Stiffness and Central Hemodynamics (EARNEST) study was a multicenter, prospective, controlled study designed to investigate the associations of an isolated reduction in kidney function on BP and arterial hemodynamics.

DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS
Prospective living kidney donors and healthy controls who fulfilled criteria for donation were recruited from centers with expertise in vascular research. Participants underwent office and ambulatory BP measurement, assessment of arterial stiffness, and biochemical tests at baseline and 12 months.

RESULTS
A total of 469 participants were recruited, and 306 (168 donors and 138 controls) were followed up at 12 months. In the donor group, mean eGFR was 27 ml/min per 1.73 m2 lower than baseline at 12 months. Compared with baseline, at 12 months the mean within-group difference in ambulatory day systolic BP in donors was 0.1 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, -1.7 to 1.9) and 0.6 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, -0.7 to 2.0) in controls. The between-group difference was -0.5 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, -2.8 to 1.7; P=0.62). The mean within-group difference in pulse wave velocity in donors was 0.3 m/s (95% confidence interval, 0.1 to 0.4) and 0.2 m/s (95% confidence interval, -0.0 to 0.4) in controls. The between-group difference was 0.1 m/s (95% confidence interval, -0.2 to 0.3; P=0.49).

CONCLUSIONS
Changes in ambulatory peripheral BP and pulse wave velocity in kidney donors at 12 months after nephrectomy were small and not different from controls.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NAME AND REGISTRATION NUMBER
NCT01769924 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01769924).


AIM
To examine the role of members of the NHS England Youth Forum (NHSEYF) and the strategies used to influence health service provision for children and young people.

METHOD
An evaluative mixed-methods study was commissioned by NHS England and undertaken by the University of Hertfordshire between July 2015 and September 2016. Data collection comprised activity logs, a form of questionnaire, and semi-structured interviews.

FINDINGS
The analysis of the activity logs revealed that the young people were undertaking a wide range of activities across England. Seven themes emerged from the interviews: the young people; motivation; commitment; community (the local area as well as a community spirit); knowledge experts; youth workers; and funding. In summary, the members of the NHSEYF were committed to their role and their work was having a positive effect on health service provision.

CONCLUSION
The NHSEYF has developed rapidly and successfully. It is enabling the voice of young people to be heard.


In this study, in vitro and in vivo transfection of temperature‐sensitive, polycationic poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) and polyethyleneimine copolymers (poly(NIPA)/PEI25L) were performed. Copolymer and copolymer–plasmid DNA (pDNA) complexes were positively charged as + 7.6 and + 12.8, respectively. Gel retardation assay confirmed good complex formation and release of plasmid DNA in response to temperature and pH. Cytotoxicity tests showed at least 80% smooth muscle cell (SMC) viability. The uptake of the complexes by SMCs was quite high; however, the best gene expression efficiency achieved with the copolymeric vectors was about 30% with the complex prepared with a polymer:plasmid ratio of 6. Gene expression efficiency was enhanced up to 50% by changing the temperature from 37 °C to 28 °C. Preliminary in vivo studies were performed above and below lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in lung, heart, liver, kidney, muscle and also subcutaneously in 5 week‐old mice. The gene expression ratio was higher in lung, tibial muscle and subcutaneously than in other tissues (heart, liver and kidney) above LCST. Then, temperature decrease caused an increase in the amount of gene expression in tibial muscle and subcutaneously, revealing the contribution of temperature‐sensitivity on DNA release and gene expression. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Dust prevention and control in the tobacco industry has always been the top priority, because the discharge of tobacco dust can cause workers' pneumoconiosis, explosions, fires and other safety hazards. This article summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the traditional three kinds of dust collectors. The author designed a tobacco dust in-situ purification system based on the principle of throttling gas-liquid exchange. The experiment selects the three factors of the initial liquid level, inlet wind speed, and feed concentration in the system, and conducts orthogonal experiments to obtain the purification efficiency of the system under different experimental conditions. The results show that the maximum purification efficiency of the laboratory can reach 99.27%. The purification efficiency is mainly referred to between 97%∼99%. Through the actual application of the site, it can be known that under the long-term operation of the system, the emission concentration at different links and distances is still less than 2 mg/m3, which meets the national dust emission standard.


: In order to explore the physiological and ecological mechanisms of expanding line spacing and shrinking row spacing for close planting and yield increasing of corn in Xiliaohe Plain, the study was conducted with two corn varieties compact density-enduring 'Nonghua 101' and semi-compact maize variety 'Weike 702' as materials in densities of 6×10 4 plants·hm  2 (D1) 、 7.5×10 4 plants·hm  2 (D2) and 9×10 4 plants·hm  2 (D3). With the contrast of conventional cultivation (CK, the row distance was 60cm, D1 、 D2 and D3 of plant distance were 27.78 cm 、 22.22 cm and 18.52 cm) and plantation of expanding line spacing and shrinking row spacing (KH, the row distance was 100cm, D1 、 D2 and D3 of plant distance were 16.67 cm 、 13.33 cm and11.11 cm), the leaf area index, angle of stem to leaf, leaf orientation value, light transmittance, yield and component factors of maize canopy in spinning stage, milk-ripe stage and full ripe stage were determined; leaf area attenuation rate was calculated. Then the effects of plantation of expanding line spacing and shrinking row spacing on spring corn yields and canopy structures were studied. The results showed that the yield of KH was significantly higher than that of CK, in which yield increase was the most obvious in D2 density; and the yield of 'Nonghua 101' was 7.8% (2015) and 7.0% (2016) higher than CK; the yield of 'Weike 702' was 5.6% (2015) and 5.9% (2016) higher than CK. The leaf area index of KH was higher than that of


In order to be efficient, acoustic lenses must meet the following requirements: the lens material must have low‐ultrasound attenuation and be defect‐free and the concave focusing surface must be as smooth as possible to minimize abberations. In this paper, we analyzed two types of plane‐concave lenses by using the immersion C‐scan method. To acquire and process the data, we used a last‐generation ultrasonic flaw detector interfaced with a computer which also drives the mechanical immersion scanning setup. The software also enabled us to perform B‐scans on the lens for depth visualization and analysis. Thus we were able to realize both depth and profile maps of the lenses with considerable precision.


Abstract : The principal objective of the investigation was to ascertain some of the effects that the widespread spraying of herbicides in South Vietnam (SVN) had upon altering population distributions, patterns of settlement (isolated farmsteads, hamlets, villages), and agricultural and other economic activities surrounding the settlements, thus giving some idea of man's ability to continue to use the environment. Using the records of remote-sensing, 25 study areas representing six different socioeconomic types of settlements were studied.


of the latter, or at least familiarity with the Red List categories and criteria, is encouraged before beginning the Green Status training course. Since its inception, more than , learners have enrolled in the Red List training course (C. Pollock, pers. comm., ). The new course covers all key information needed to undertake a Green Status assessment. Future planned development includes modules on mapping and supporting information, and a final exam. After successfully passing the exam, learners will be awarded a certificate of achievement to prove they have completed the course and have a good understanding of the IUCN Green Status of Species and the assessment process. The course will soon be available in Spanish and French. We look forward to hearing from the experiences of learners. Lyda Hill Philanthropies is gratefully acknowledged for supporting the development of the course.


Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) technology enables both the cost‐effective and short‐term provision of steel and metal components ready for series production. FKM uses this additive manufacturing process to produce, for example, aluminum housings with a highly intricate 3D heat sink structure for the manufacture of highly efficient SiC inverters used in e‐mobility applications.


Objective: To assess the awareness and intake of iron rich diet amongst college girls with a particular focus on the knowledge about the iron deficiency anaemia.Materials and Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted in Government College for Women Rawalpindi, during September – December 2010. One hundred and thirty five students of intermediate level aged 17-19 years were selected through convenient sampling technique. The sample size was calculated by WHO-sample size calculator, keeping 95% CI, p<0.05 statistically significant, anticipated population proportion of iron deficiency anaemia 35% and absolute precision at 0.08.Results: The awareness about iron rich diet and iron deficiency anaemia was satisfactory (86%), while poor intake of iron rich diet amongst adolescent college girls (52%) was found. About 65% of the participants had knowledge about the causes of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA); while 72% and 80% knew about the prevention and treatment of IDA respectively.Conclusions: Results indicate the gap between knowledge and practices about IDA; it highlights the need of an effective health promotional programme to raise awareness about the significance of iron in young female diet and to highlight the consequences when it is absent.


Pituitary apoplexy with acute visual loss has to be considered as emergency operative indication. 3 cases presenting headache, rapid visual deterioration and ophthalmoplegia were operated upon from a transphenoidal approach. Immediate operative decompression proved to resolve the acutely evolved symptoms in all 3 cases.


In this thesis, we research learning algorithms for optimal decision making in two different contexts, Reinforcement Learning in Part I and Auction Design in Part II. Reinforcement learning (RL) is an area of machine learning that is concerned with how an agent should act in an environment in order to maximize its cumulative reward over time. In Chapter 2, inspired by statistical physics, we develop a novel approach to Reinforcement Learning (RL) that not only learns optimal policies with enhanced desirable properties but also sheds new light on maximum entropy RL. In Chapter 3, we tackle the generalization problem in RL using a Bayesian perspective. We show that imperfect knowledge of the environments dynamics effectively turn a fully-observed Markov Decision Process (MDP) into a Partially Observed MDP (POMDP) that we call the Epistemic POMDP. Informed by this observation, we develop a new policy learning algorithm LEEP which has improved generalization properties. Designing an incentive compatible, individually rational auction that maximizes revenue is a challenging and intractable problem. Recently, deep learning based approaches have been proposed to learn optimal auctions from data. While successful, this approach suffers from a few limitations, including sample inefficiency, lack of generalization to new auctions, and training difficulties. In Chapter 4, we construct a symmetry preserving neural network architecture, EquivariantNet, suitable for anonymous auctions. EquivariantNet is not only more sample efficient but is also able to learn auction rules that generalize well to other settings. In Chapter 5, we propose a novel formulation of the auction learning problem as a two player game. The resulting learning algorithm, ALGNet, is easier to train, more reliable and better suited for non stationary settings.


With the growing number of digitized documents and having large text databases, text mining will become increasingly important. Text mining can be a huge benefit for finding relevant and desired text data from unstructured data sources. Text Mining is the discovery by computer of new, previously unknown information, by automatically extracting information from different written resources. It is an important step of Knowledge Discovery process. The aim of the paper is to study the concept of Text Mining and various techniques with a particular focus on text mining process. In the text mining community have been trying to apply many methods such as rule-based, knowledge based, statistical and machine-learning-based approaches. Finally, the paper discusses issues towards the techniques for driving potentially valuable information from text and also, discuss on integration data mining. The paper ends with conclusion and the future line of works in the combining text mining and data mining techniques into a single system, a combination known as duo-mining, and also be more effective text mining techniques for contextual extraction. Keywords: Data mining, Information Extraction, Information Retrieval, Text Mining DOI : 10.7176/IKM/10-1-01 Publication date: January 31 st 2020


This report presents a set of scenarios that limit global warming to below 2 °C and 1.5 °C, by either using full-technology reduction options as included in the IMAGE and POLES models, or by limiting the use of bio-energy in energy production and combining it with carbon capture and storage. Under these scenarios, global emission reductions by 2050 will be between about 50% and 65% for the 2 °C target and 70% to 80% for 1.5 °C, compared to 1990 levels.


Today, it has become increasingly difficult to meet the rapid, economic, reliable transportation demands of the rapidly growing population. In addition to road transport, rail and airline transport have also shown improvement to meet this demand. Airline transportation, which is becoming more and more widespread day by day; It enables people to travel faster, economically and reliably. The determination of the location of the airport is a very complex problem. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a decision making method used to solve these problems. The aim of this study is to determine the most suitable areas of airport in Bayburt and Gumushane provinces by using Geographical Information System (GIS) and Analytical Hierarchy Process which is the most widely used of Multi-Criteria Decision Making methods.


The conformation of diribosylribitol phosphate was studied by means of NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD). Starting from 3J(1H,1H), 3J(31P,1H) and 3J(31P,13C) couplings, measured from 1H NMR, 13C NMR and COSY spectra, the conformations of the ribose residues and the phosphate linkage were determined. The measurement of nuclear Overhauser enhancements (NOE) from NOESY and NOEDIFF experiments allowed the determination of constraints around the glycosidic bonds. The results of the simulation by MD (GROMOS) in water at 300 K during 2 ns agree in general with those obtained by NMR and suggest a high degree of conformational freedom. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Patients with diabetic gangrene takes care intensively and old.The length of time the treatment, chronic disease course and a feeling of helplessness because of the dependency causes negative psychological reactions such as anger, anxiety, irritability and the emergence of the negative perception of his ability in the process of healing.The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of self-efficacy diabetes mellitus patients with gangrene in the process of adaptation to the patient based on the theory of Calista Roy in RSM Ahmad Dahlan Kediri.The design study is a quantitative research design with cross-sectional, population studied were all patients with Diabetes Mellitus in room mekah 3 In RSM Ahmad Dahlan of Kediri totaling 45 people.Samples were taken using purposive sampling technique sampling of 30 respondents.The independent variable was self-efficacy and the dependent variable is the adaptation process.Test statistical analysis using chi-square test.Results of research on self-efficacy showed that most of the respondents have a Self Efficacy low that as many as 18 (60%).While in the process of adaptation showed that most of the respondents with Maladaptive adaptation process that as many as 18 (60%).Results of data analysis obtained p value = 0,000 <α = 0,05 so that H0 rejected and H1 accepted as such there is a relationship between self-efficacy diabetes mellitus patients with gangrene in the process of adaptation to the patient based on the theory of Calista Roy in RSM Ahmad Dahlan Kediri.Individuals with high self efficacy will attempt to recover. In individuals with high self-efficacy will appear positive coping mechanisms against her condition so that individuals can adapt to conditions.


A new method for achieving revocable anonymity in re-encryption mix networks is presented.Each sender is required to append his identity information encrypted under the public key of an anonymity revocation authority to every ciphertext submitted by him.Then ciphertexts from different senders,as well as their encrypted identities,are re-encrypted and shuffled together by the mix net.The adjusted secret shuffle proof protocol can guarantee the bindings of these two types of ciphertexts in the mixing process.In the output phase,a quorum of mix servers jointly decrypts every normal ciphertext and generates a threshold signature to keep the correspondence between every output message and its sender's re-encrypted identify.When tracing a vicious message,the anonymity revocation authority just needs to decrypt its corresponding encrypted identifies.Compared with the previous work,our method needs only 1 additional ElGamal pair and involves less exponential computation and communication.


Hydrological processes, climate and vegetation factors were monitored in the Dinghushan Nature Reserve of southern China, combining long term records of rainfall, streamflow and soil moisture with more recent observations of water table depth, throughfall and stemflow in three natural forest vegetation communities. Precipitation in the forested hills of the reserve was found to be greater than on the adjacent floodplain, and seasonal variation in runoff was less variable than rainfall. Water table depth in lower catchment areas showed little variation on an annual time scale but fluctuated significantly in response to rain events on monthly or shorter time scales. Soil water content of the upper profile was lower in 1999-2003 than in 1983-1989 in all three forest types, and Masson pine forest was significantly drier than monsoon evergreen broadleaf forest or mixed pine-broadleaf forest, in spite of greater throughfall and less canopy interception in the pine forest. Vegetation changes associated with ageing and natural succession may have important long term consequences for water yield and hydrological processes in forest ecosystems.


Objective: This study reports long-term effects of chronic Achilles tendon rupture treatment, using reconstruction with peroneus brevis transfer (PBT), on sports activities based on an approximate 10year follow-up study. Methods : Twenty patients (6 women and 14 men; mean age, 43 ± 12.85 years at the time of operation) underwent chronic Achilles tendon repair with an average follow-up of 164.05 ± 5.07 months. Seven were involved in competitive sports, 10 participated in recreational activities and three were not involved in any sporting activities. All patients were Asians. Results were assessed using Cybex strength testing and the American Othopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Score, the muscle manual test (MMT), sports activities and comprehensive satisfaction assessment. Results : Cybex strength testing resulted in an average gain of 87.05 ± 14.83% in dorsiflexion strength (range65‐110%)and98.05±9.02%inplantarflexionstrength(range85%‐120%). TheAOFASscore average was 86.9 ± 7.27. There were no postoperative re-ruptures, no recurrences and no wound complications. Plantar flexion strength and the AOFAS score were negatively correlated with the age atthetimeofoperation(r=F0.566,r=-0.669,respectively). Seventeenpatients(85%)werelevelfive of MMT in eversion strength. Following treatment, six patients (30%) returned to competitive sports, while 10 (5 0%) who, prior to the injury and surgery, were involved in recreational activities, returned to similar activities. The relatively younger group tended to continue sport activities as competitive athletes ( p < 0.05). Significant difference s were observed in age at the operation between nonsatisfaction group and excellent group (p < 0.05). The u nder 40 -year age group tend ed to show a poor value . Conclusion : Recreational athletes and non-athletes could return to their sports activities satisfactorily, while young competitive athletes found difficulties in certain actions, especially related to eversion.


The study of complex networks that account for different types of interactions has become a subject of interest in the last few years, specially because its representational power in the description of users interactions in diverse online social platforms (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc.). The mathematical description of these interacting networks has been coined under the name of multilayer networks, where each layer accounts for a type of interaction. It has been shown that diffusive processes on top of these networks present a phenomenology that cannot be explained by the naive superposition of single layer diffusive phenomena but require the whole structure of interconnected layers. Nevertheless, the description of diffusive phenomena on multilayer networks has obviated the fact that social networks have strong mesoscopic structure represented by different communities of individuals driven by common interests, or any other social aspect. In this work, we study the transfer of information in multilayer networks with community structure. The final goal is to understand and quantify, if the existence of well-defined community structure at the level of individual layers, together with the multilayer structure of the whole network, enhances or deteriorates the diffusion of packets of information.


Selective probing of neurochemicals is essential for understanding the chemical basis of brain function and pathology. To this aim, interfacing excellent recognition features of aptamers with in vivo compatible carbon fiber microelectrode (CFE)-based electroanalytical system offers a plausible means, however, is significantly challenged in terms of coupling chemistry, stability, and versatility. Here, we present a new interfacial functionalization strategy created through the assembly of aptamer cholesterol amphiphiles (aptCAs) onto the alkyl chain-functionalized CFE. We show that the noncovalent cholesterol-alkyl chain interactions are capable of effectively immobilizing aptamers onto CFE surface. Moreover, the strategy is generalizable, facile, and applicable of synergizing the merits of microelectrode and aptamers, allowing the generation of a highly selective bioelectronic system for probing neurochemical dynamics in living systems. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of using noncovalent cholesterol-based anchoring of aptamers to carbon-based electrodes, opening up a vast array of new opportunities for designing in vivo sensors to exploring brain chemistry.


The injection mass of common rail system is determined by rail pressure and injector energizing time. Under different rail pressure, single injection experiments have been performed; under the same rail pressure two injections (preinjection and main injection) tests with various intervals have been carried out. According to the analysis of the results, find that at the start-up and stop stages the injection rate becomes faster with increasing rail pressure and the injection characteristics for common-rail system tends to rectangular jet. When the rail pressure is low, the needle valve has slow response, and the effective flow area of the injector greatly influences the jet law. When the rail pressure is improved, the valve's response speed will be increased remarkably and the injection rate is mainly affected by the rail pressure. During multiple injections the needle valve lift has affected on the mass of the main injection more than the rail pressure fluctuations caused by pre-injection.


The procedure presented herein allows for a rapid estimation ofthe contact area between a tire and a rigid surface. The length and width of the contact area were measured using a large caliper and two hypotheses relative to the shape (elliptical, rectangular with rounded comers) of tire foot prints were tested for their accuracy at predicting the real surface-tire contact area. Several combinations of loads, tire sizes, and inflation pressures for agricultural tires installed on the running gears of 13.6 and 14.6 m3 1iquid manure spreaders were used for the tests. Very good correlation was found between actual contact length and width of the prints with the corresponding dimensions measured using the caliper (R2 of 0.93 and 0.98 for the length and width, respectively). The hypotheses of the tire-surface contact area shape being elliptic or rectangular adequately represent the tire print area (R2= 0.97).


Objective: To explore the clinical effect of acupotomy combined with manipulation under brachial plexus anesthesia for scapulohumeral periarthritis.Methods: 106 patients with scapulohumeral periarthritis were randomly divided into two groups.The observation group(n = 53) was given with acupotomy combined with manipulation under brachial plexus anesthesia for scapulohumeral periarthritis,and the control group was given with traditional acupuncture combined with massage manipulation. The clinical effect,pain degree,improvement of shoulder joint motion and activity of daily living(ADL) of the patients were observed.Results: The clinical effect in observation group was significantly better than that in control group(P0.05). The VAS scores after treatment in both groups were significantly lower than that before treatment(P0.05),and there was significant differences between the observation group and the control group after treatment(P0.05).Compared with before treatment, the Mallet Scores of after treatment in observation group significantly decreased,ADL increased(P0.05),and there was significant differences between the observation group and the control group after treatment(P0.05).Conclusion: Acupotomy combined with manipulation under brachial plexus anesthesia on treating scapulohumeral periarthritis can effectively relieve pain of shoulder joint,and can improve the shoulder mobility and ADL.


Through continuous attention, on a team basis, to all the health needs of the aged, such a service not only keeps these multiproblem patients within their community but maximizes the hospital's ability to handle an ever-increasing geriatric caseload. In seven years, a pioneer center in Baltimore has developed a strong rapport with 700 patients it currently serves and has won acceptance from the city's medical community.


PURPOSE: To obtain a one-package organosiloxane compsn. excellent in storage stability and adhering well to both org. and inorg. substrates when cured. CONSTITUTION: The storage-stable organosiloxane compsn. contains 1) a curable polyorganosiloxane contg. at least two alkenyl groups per one molecule but not contg. a hydroxy group, 2) an organo-hydrogen siloxane contg. at least two hydrogen atoms bonded to silicon per one molecule, 3) a hydrosilylation catalyst selected from the metals of the platinum group and their compds., 4) an adhesion promoting compsn. contg. an epoxy substd. silane, an alkenyl, substd. adhesion promoting polyorganosiloxane and a chelated aluminum compd. and 5) a platinum catalyst inhibiting compsn. contg. a cyclic methylvinylsiloxane oligomer and acetylene alcohol, in a proper ratio. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO


Dark organic-rich shales are present throughout much of the stratigraphic column of Kansas. Some of these shales yield considerable amounts of shale oil when assayed. One hundred forty samples from 37 shale units were tested for potential oil recovery. Fischer assay results indicate yields ranging from trace amounts to 23.3 gallons of oil per ton of shale. Differences in oil revovery are directly related to the type and amount of organic matter within a shale. Vitrinite is the dominant maceral in the Upper Cretaceous and Pennsylvanian dark shales tested. The Lower Permian and Upper Ordovician shales are essentially devoid of any organic material. The Devonian-Mississippian Chattanogga Shale contains equally small amounts of phytoplankton and vitrinite. Seven potentially economic, low-grade mixed oil shales are present in the Middle and Upper Pennsylvanian strata of eastern Kansas: the ''V'', Excello, Little Osage, Anna, Tacket Formation, Eudora, and Heebner shales. If shale oil, phosphate, uranium, and mineable coals were extracted concurrently from these units, extraction costs would be reduced and an economic window for potential exploitation of these oil shales might be formed. 47 refs., 3 figs., 6 tabs.