Paneth cells are granular secretory cells in the epithelium of intestinal crypts (1, 2). They have an antibacterial function (3, 4), and may also be involved in digestive and other processes (2, 5). Paneth cells contain the antibacterial enzyme lysozyme (3, 6), and reports of intracellular bacterial debris suggest that they may be phago-cytic (4). We have previously demonstrated that Paneth cells contain large amounts of lyso-zyme mRNA, whereas resident macrophages in the lamina propria do not (7). We therefore compared the capacity of Paneth cells and macrophages to synthesize other characteristic macrophage products. Using in situ hybridization, we found that Paneth cells in the small intestine of normal mice contain appreciable quantities of RNA for TNF, and by Northern blot analysis, we found that the RNA detected in small bowel is similar to that found in activated macrophages. Recent reports that mRNA for at-antitrypsin and for a defensin-like peptide are present in Paneth cells (8, 9), together with our findings, suggest that Paneth cells are a significant exocrine source of immunoregulatory peptides. Mice. 3-mo-old female C57/B16 mice were obtained from the mouse breeding unit at the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology. In Situ Hybridization. Tissue samples were obtained from animals after perfusion fixation with 47o paraformaldehyde in PBS, and 10-pm cryostat sections were prepared as described (7). Subsequent treatment and in situ hybridization were carried out with minor modifications of a standard protocol (10). The murine TNF probe used was obtained from Genentech Inc. (San Francisco, CA). We subcloned a 330-bp Sac I/Xba I fragment from the pmuTNFtrp plasmid into the multiple cloning site of the pT3T7 plasmid (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals, Uppsala, Sweden). The subcloned fragment encodes amino acids 1-110 of the mature murine TNF protein (11). Sense and antisense probes were transcribed from linearized plasmids in the presence of 35 S-UTP (10) .


The differentiation of the dermal palate and of the septomaxilla in extant squamate reptiles is reviewed in terms of Lakjer's distinctions of a palaeochoanate, incomplete neochoanate, and neochoanate condition. The differentiation of the bones surrounding the mushroom body, Jacobson's organ, and the internal naris (choana) supports a number of clades including Squamata, Scleroglossa, and Autarchoglossa, with Serpentes nested within Autarchoglossa. Dermal palate morphology and the differentiation of the septomaxilla in squamates reflect the evolution of the chemosensory system in general, and the vomeronasal system in particular, and strongly contradict a recent hypothesis of squamate phylogeny based on molecular data. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 152, 131–152.


Flood inundation processes in urban areas are primarily affected by artificial factors such as drainage facilities, local alterations of topography and land uses. The objective of this study is to examine the capability of hydrological model SIMODAS to estimate runoff and investigating the utilization of storage well in controlling runoff in a residential area. The result of the estimated runoff from the hydrological model was compared with the existing capacity of the drainage channel to identify which channel experienced the problem of inundation. The location of inundation was used to determine the location and number of storage well. The results showed that SIMODAS model could be applied in runoff analyses with 8.09% of relative error compared with runoff depth from field measurement. The existing capacity of the channel could not accommodate runoff Q10yr where the inundation discharge was approximately 0.24 m·s (at outlet point 1) and 0.12 m·s (at outlet point 2). The inundation problem was overcome by using a combination system between channel normalization (reduce 35% of total inundation discharge) and storage well system (reduce 65% of total inundation discharge). The storage well was designed at 20 locations (at outlet point 1) and 16 locations (at outlet point 2) which each well had a discharge of 0.0058 m·s. The storage well combined with channel normalization could be used as an alternative way to solve inundation problems in a residential area considering the constraint of land space limitation in the urban area.


Now-a-days mobile has become a part of our life. We use it for multipurpose like calling, messaging, multimedia as well as client for Information Systems (IS).Mobiles support Java Mobile Edition(J2ME) and .NET micro framework. To access Database we use Java's JDBC driver as a middleware that handles data communication. Mobile clients need a middleware to handle data communication like Java's JDBC Driver but this interface is missing in JavaME. JDBC driver cannot applicable for MIDP applications because of incompatibility and more size. Most existing approaches like syncML or Hotsync concentrate on synchronization aspects or use an additional middleware. In this paper we present a MIDP based JavaME driver for accessing MySQL from mobile devices similar to JDBC embedded in our MIDP applications without a middleware.


The lavas of the Ilimaussaq Volcanic Member of the sandstone-volcanic Eriksfjord Formation (Stewart, 1964; Poulsen, 1964) can be subdivided into an upper Porphyry Division (> 600 m) consisting mainly of trachytic rocks and a lower Basalt Division (230-700 m). To the south-west of the Ilimaussaq alkaline intrusion, the Basalt Division is markedly thinner (Stewart, 1964). During field work in 1970 samples of the vo1canics were collected for petrochemical analysis. This report summarises the state of the subsequent laboratory work. Forty-two major and trace element analyses have been made of the lavas. For norm calculation the Fe20a/FeO ratios were corrected to 0.15. There are no signs of fenitisation in the examined rocks except in those collected from dose to the Ilimaussaq intrusion.


Through analysis of the cold asphalt road plane cutting mechanism and the cutter cutting resistance, using the impulse theorem,the formula calculating motor working load of the road plane milling machine cutting rotor is deduced, which provides references for selecting driving motor of cutting rotor.


The flora of Aishan Mountain is one of the typical representatives of Shandong peninsula with some characteristics as follows:it is abundant in species,containing 488 species of 311 genera,belonging to 96 families.It is notable in dominant family phenomenon;the flora is ancient and single-species and few-species genera of the angiosperm are rich;the areal-types are various and the geographical elements are complex,dominant temperate genera is 161,pantropical genera is 50 and tropical flora is 21.The areal-types of genera of Aishan Mountain flora is compared with neighboring regions (Laoshan Mountain,Kunyu Mountain,Taishan Mountain,Qianshan Mountain,Xiaowutaishan Mountain) using clustering analysis and similarity coefficient of genera and species.The results show that the difference between Aishan Mountain flora and Qianshan Mountain flora was obvious.This result also show that Shangdong peninsula and Liaodong peninsula would not be same subregion.


This paper,by demonstration,analyses and studies the structure of the manufacturing industry in Chongqing and reaches the following conclusions: first,the structure of Chongqing's manufacturing industry has changed a lot,but without balance with the increase of the output;second,the structure of the output has changed a lot,but without obvious structural upgrading;third,the specialization of the manufacturing industry has been improved,but without strong comparative advantages and middle comparative advantages industries.This paper,based on the problems,puts forward some suggestions about policy.


Cooperation among agents across the network leads to better estimation accuracy. However, in many network applications the agents infer and track different models of interest in an environment where agents do not know beforehand which models are being observed by their neighbors. In this work, we propose an adaptive and distributed clustering technique that allows agents to learn and form clusters from streaming data in a robust manner. Once clusters are formed, cooperation among agents with similar objectives then enhances the performance of the inference task. The performance of the proposed clustering algorithm is discussed by commenting on the behavior of probabilities of erroneous decision. We validate the performance of the algorithm by numerical simulations, that show how the clustering process enhances the mean-square-error performance of the agents across the net work.


1. Rogier Busser & Yuri Sadoi Introduction Part I - Industrial Organization and Industry Policy in ASEAN 2. Joop A. Stam Industrial Organization, Culture and Technology Transfer 3. Thamavit Terdudomtham Thai Policies for the Automobile Sector: Focus on Technology Transfer 4. Tham Siew-Yean Malaysian Policies for the Automobile Sector: Focus on Technology Transfer 5. Gwendolyn R. Tecson Philippine Policies for the Automobile Sector: Focus on Technology Transfer 6. Lepi T. Tarmidi Indonesian Industrial Policy in the Automobile Sector with Focus on Technology Transfer 7. Takahiro Fujimoto & Shinya Orihashi The Strategic Effects of Firm Sizes and Dynamic Capabilities on Overseas Operations: A Case-Based Comparison Between Toyota and Mitsubishi in Thailand and Australia Part II - The Transferability of 'Japanese' Skill Formation Systems 8. Kazuo Koike Intellectual Skill and Its Transferability 9. Nipon Poapongsakorn Skill Formation in the Thai Auto Parts Industry 10. Producing Auto Parts in Malaysia: Skill Formation in Forging and Casting 11. Keisuke Nakamura The Toyota Production System in Indonesia Part III - Industrial Organization and Skill Formation in Europe - With Japanese Influence? 12. Ben Dankbaar Training and Knowledge Transfer in the European Automotive Industry: The Impact of 'Lean Thinking' 13. Rogier Busser & Yuri Sadoi Japanese Automobile Makers in Europe and the Organization of Supply System 14. Roland Springer Flexible Standardization: Innovation for Labour, Industrial Science, and Labour Policy 15. Jean-Pierre Durand Tight Flow and Competency Model in the French Car Industry


Swards that had been either set stocked (SS) or rotationally grazed (RG) for five years were sampled monthly over two years by removing turves. The uncut white clover plants were then washed out. classified by branching structure (lst, 2nd, 3rd, 4th order) and then dissected Into stolen and leaf before drying and welghlng Under both managements stolen dry weight per plant and branching structure of the population each indicated a strong seasonal shdt from larger plant sze dwng summer. autumn and writer (February, 109 mg stolen DW/plant, 7% of population 1 st branchmg order) to a preponderance of smaller plants in sprmg (October, 41 mg stofon DW/plant. 30% of population 1st branching order). Grazing management affected Stolen DW per plant (means. RG 106 mg. SS 53 mg) but had little effect on branching structure. However, in spring, under RG management proportions of 1st branching order plants in the population were higher for a longer period than under SS management. The simpler structure of plants in spring is thought to increase the vulnerability of the white clover papulatlon to adverse conditions at this time. While RG management allowed white clover to better utlllze favourable growth condibons. it also increased the susceptiblllty of the population to large declmes during stress periods; SS management reduced the potential for growth, but enhanced stablllty during stress periods. Hence where enwonmental condltlons are unpredictable SS rather than RG mangement WIII favour retention of white clover I" the ward. The seasonal and grazing management effects reported are likely to occur acro?s a wde range of enwonments.


We present the case of a 45 years patient explored by MRI, who had in the last three years more than 11 episodes of left or right sensitive hemiparesis, six of them associated with transitory aphasia. She was diagnosed with transitory ischemic attacks in both carotids arteries and treated with specific drugs, although she has no vascular risk factors. The two cerebral CT exams were in normal limits. The surprise came from MRI exam images, which disclosed two little meningiomas placed on the convexity, at the level of both parietal lobes. The conclusion was that all symptoms probably were produced by them, due the hemodynamic local tumoral modifications.


Background and Purpose: Vaso-occlusive crises (VOC) are the most common cause for hospitalization in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD) in the United States. Physical therapy interventions provide nonpharmacological pain management and help hospitalized patients maintain mobility and function, but little is known about their application to the unique pathophysiology of those with SCD. The purpose of this review is to summarize evidence relevant to the physical therapy management of children and adolescents hospitalized with VOC. Methods: A literature search of PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL, and EMBASE databases was performed using key words relevant to physical therapy interventions for children and adolescents with SCD and acute pain. Results: Sixteen articles were included in this review. Interventions identified included heat, mobilization, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, massage, yoga, mindfulness, breathing exercises, virtual reality, incentive spirometry, and patient/family education. Conclusions: Physical therapists may be able to aid in the acute pain management of patients with SCD. Current literature relies on small observational studies making generalization difficult. Future studies are critical to improve evidence-based physical therapy practice in this population.


Agility is an important skill in athletic performance because it integrates intermittent, dynamic, and skilled movements. Preplanned agility skills are closed skills and have no temporal or spatial uncertainty. Reactive skills, also known as open skills, have temporal and spatial uncertainty and are designed to mimic play in sports. Recognizing the development of adolescent athletes while challenging them in these skills are important. Sufficient research is not present to endorse current agility training for adolescents. PURPOSE: To investigate two forms of agility training, preplanned and reactive protocols, and determine the effectiveness on 3 agility tests. METHODS: 30 male adolescents (age 16.33 +1.06; height 69.85 +2.95 in; weight 154.51+22.23 lbs) participated in 1 of 3 treatment groups: 1) Control Group; 2) Preplanned Protocol; 3) Reactive Protocol. The three agility tests were the T-test, Illinois Agility test, and SPAD (Speed and Agility Drill). Subjects pre-tested on each agility test and then divided into 3 groups based upon performance to equate scores for all 3 groups. Agility protocols were performed on 2 non-consecutive days per week for 6 weeks. Subjects performed a 10-minute warm-up followed by 4 agility drills with 3 repetitions at maximal intensity. Subjects post-tested on the agility tests at the completion of the 6 week program. A 2 (time) X 3 (group) repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine if differences existed between the agility tests. RESULTS: This study found that groups significantly improved their scores over time in the T-test (p=.009) and SPAD (p=.001) tests respectively. Refer to Table 1 for the means/standard deviations of the best time trials for each group. CONCLUSIONS: All three groups improved throughout the 6 week study. The limited experience of adolescents may affect cognitive improvements, and biomechanical changes may incur initially as seen in the overall improvement of time trials for the T-test and SPAD. The specific type of agility testing measures in this study may have confounded the results. More examination into specific reactive agility testing measures and adolescent training is needed. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The utilization of preplanned or reactive agility training has shown improvements for adolescent athletes. Athletes may require longer periods of training for perceptible Central Nervous System adaptations and improvements to occur. Agility training, especially in adolescent athletics can be implemented to prevent injuries and assist in developing correct biomechanics and increase performance.


We developed a method for analyzing the frequency of a quartz-crystal tuning fork using plate spring approximation. In order to calculate the actual frequency of the tuning fork, we approximated the right half of the tuning fork as an L-shaped bar, of which the two beams, acting as the base and the arm undergo bending vibration, and a torsion spring at the joint of beam A corresponding to the base and beam B corresponding to the arm. Furthermore, we approximated torsion spring with torsion spring constant R for a plate spring composed of a base. R was expressed in terms of both the size and the bending stiffness of the tuning fork. We could obtain a series of equations for calculating the frequency of the tuning fork by the plate spring approximation and a convenient new frequency equation for a cantilever with a length l2+w1/10 by considering the bend of a plate spring. A comparison was made between the frequencies calculated by these methods and the experimental results.


During a large-scale survey in the Norwegian county of Finnmark in 2010, insects were collected with Malaise traps and manual collecting techniques. Almost 6000 specimens of stoneflies collected during this survey are reviewed, and the incidence and abundance of the northern Scandinavian species are discussed. The species composition at the sites of the Malaise traps is explained by stream characteristics like width and velocity, rather than the altitude and continentality of the trap sites. The morphological distinction between the rare Arctic stonefly Amphinemura palmeni (Koponen, 1917) and the common A. standfussi (Ris, 1902) is discussed, and both species as well as the Fennoscandian endemic Nemoura viki Lillehammer, 1972 are illustrated with colour photographs. Initial results from DNA barcoding of Norwegian stoneflies show that A. standfussi colonised the Scandinavian Peninsula from the south as well as the northeast. Comparison with North American barcode data reveals that A. palmeni and Nemoura sahlbergi Morton, 1896 have a Holarctic distribution.


Computational results on collisional energy transfer between excited and cold azulene and Ar are reported under initial conditions similar to those of crossed molecular beam experiments (Liu, Hsu, Lyu and Ni, J. Chem. Phys. 125 204309 (2006)). The in-plane scattering cross-section is asymmetric with a preference for positive angles. The out-of-plane scattering angle is symmetric in both positive and negative angles with a strong forward scattering peak. In both T → V/R dominates over V → R/T. The double differential cross-section shows a high probability for forward, then sideways and finally, backward scattering. The latter shows relatively high probability for supercollisions. Average energy transfer quantities and collisional energy transfer probability density functions, P(E,E′), are presented and results for Ar and Kr as colliders are compared. At low initial relative translational energies the up-collision branch of P(E,E′) shows a peak. This peak, which is absent at higher relative translational energies, is due to the formation of a collision complex. Special attention is paid to the role of rotational energy in the energy transfer process. Changing the rotational temperature from 0.5 K to 2000 K changes the percentage of up and down collisions as well as the values of the average energy transferred quantities. The effect of the translational energy on energy transfer is discussed. There is broad agreement between experiment and computation.


Lost foam casting (LFC) is currently one of the most effective and promising methods to produce high-quality thin-walled castings that exhibit a desired dimensional accuracy, the required surface roughness, and other properties. This technology is widely used in the manufacture of aluminum alloys products. In order to ensure cost minimization in the manufacture of products and the production of quality castings, it is advisable to use an increased amount of recycled material in the charge, paying attention to the overheating temperature and the melt holding time. The paper presents research findings on temperature regimes of melting and casting of aluminum alloys during LFC. Under the concerned industrial conditions, the following regimes were most effective to ensure the best quality indicators of leak-tight castings with respect to dimensional accuracy and surface roughness: melt overheating temperature – 880÷890 °С, pouring temperature – 820÷830 °С. The paper studies the effect of different temperature parameter options for melting and casting of the AK7 melt composition during LFC on the content of nonmetallic inclusions in the as-cast state. It was found that the minimum content of γ-Al 2 O 3 in the finished alloy was provided by the melt overheating temperature up to 880÷890 or 940÷950 °С, and the pouring temperature of 820÷830 °С.


William (Bill) Oakes is the Director of the EPICS Program and one of the founding faculty members of the School of Engineering Education at Purdue University. He has held courtesy appointments in Mechanical, Environmental and Ecological Engineering as well as Curriculum and Instruction in the College of Education. He is a registered professional engineer and on the NSPE board for Professional Engineers in Higher Education. He has been active in ASEE serving in the FPD, CIP and ERM. He is the past chair of the IN/IL section. He is a fellow of the Teaching Academy and listed in the Book of Great Teachers at Purdue University./ He was the first engineering faculty member to receive the national Campus Compact Thomas Ehrlich Faculty Award for Service-Learning. He was a co-recipient of the National Academy of Engineering's Bernard Gordon Prize for Innovation in Engineering and Technology Education and the recipient of the National Society of Professional Engineers' Educational Excellence Award and the ASEE Chester Carlson Award. He is a fellow of the American Society for Engineering Education and the National Society of Professional Engineers.


The discovery that N-allylnormorphine was a specific antagonist to morphine gave hope that an anti-barbiturate agent might be discovered. Shaw et al. (11) noted that in dogs, BB-methyl-ethylglutarimide (bemegride) dispelled the EEG changes induced by barbituric acid, and suggested that it may act as a barbiturate antagonist. Subsequent studies by Louw and Sonne (5) and Pederson (9) did not lend support to this theory, and Peacock (8) could find no specific pattern of EEG changes which could be attributed to the administration of bemegride. Ackner and Pampiglione (1) concluded that the demonstration of persistence of barbiturate-fast activity in the EEG after arousal did not support the hypothesis of a direct pharmacological antagonism, and suggested that bemegride was not a direct stimulant but caused an increased responsiveness in the patient.


The utility model belongs to a light movable house, which is composed of a box body type unit house, or a plurality of box body type movable houses is formed from the assembly of two or more than two box body type unit houses, or a movable house with multiple layers is formed form the overlapping of two or more than two box body type unit houses. The box body type unit comprises a floor, a top plate, wall plates, and a door and a window installed on the wall plates, wherein, the wall plates are composed of a framework, a heat-insulating layer, an inner and an outer wall surfaces. The utility model has the advantages that the weight is light, the installation is convenient, the transportation is convenient, the heat-insulating performance is good, two layers and threes layers can be assembled to use, the ground occupation is small, the appearance is beautiful, the inside of the room is clean and orderly, the anticorrosion property is good, and the service life is long.


Over recent years, the rapid expansion and diversity of telecommunications services has created a rneed for a new approach to power system design. Telecom Australia has responded to this need by developing new power system concepts to meet these requirements more effectively. This paper describes the first of these new developments which are currently being introduced to power optical fibre trunk systems. A Rack Power System will be used at mains powered sites. This equipment is provided as a modular package which uses the space saving advantages of switch-mode rectifiers and recombination batteries. All equipment will be housed in a GRC clad integrated power shelter which is supplied complete with electrical services and wiring looms. The main characteristics of this new range of equipment are high flexibility, low provisioning lead times and minimal installation and maintenance requirements.


This paper briefly introduces the significance of the informatization construction of university, puts forward the principles of the informatization construction of university, discusses on the cutting-in point of the informatization construction of university--digitalized campus and the core content of the digitalized campus--digitalized education, and points out that the university must construct its own digitalized campus.


The commented decision by the Tribunale di Ivrea, of 20 April 2019, contains three maxims: (i) under Art. 51(1) of Law 218/1995, good faith acquisition of ownership in a movable good (in that case, a motor vehicle) is governed by the law of the State where the good is situated; (ii) the court-appointed expert's opinion on foreign law goes beyond the assigned tasks where it examines the evidence and applies the rules to the facts, tasks which are not entrusted to the expert and reserved to the judge; (iii) the concept of good faith in § 932 BGB is comparable to that in Art. 1147 C.C.


The changes in lgG antibody levels to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and in antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) seroconversion rates due to different dosages of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) were compared in 2106 children. Children who had been previously vaccinated as infants with HepB were revaccinated at 5–15 y of age, after which the antibody titers were determined. After the first booster dose, the anti-HBs seroconversion rate (defined as an anti-HBs ≥10 mIU/ml) with 10 μg of HepB (93.6%) was significantly greater than the rate with 5 µg of HepB (90.3%) (P < 0.05); the anti-HBs seroconversion rate in 10–15-y-old boys vaccinated with 10 μg of HepB (90.9%) was significantly greater than the rate with 5 µg of HepB (84.3%) (P < 0.05). The anti-HBs seroconversion rates after the third booster dose with 5 or 10 μg of HepB were greater than those after the first booster dose (99.6% and 99.7%, vs. 90.3% and 93.6%, P < 0.05); as was the corresponding GMTs (658 ± 4 mIU/ml and 2599 ± 3 mIU/ml, vs. 255 ± 11 mIU/ml and 877 ± 11 mIU/ml [P < 0.05]). The immunization effects of booster vaccination with 3 doses of HepB with 5 or 10 µg are effective; a single booster dose with 10 µg of HepB for 10–15-y-old boys and with 5 or 10 µg of HepB for 5–9 y old boys and for 5–15-y-old girls are effective in generating protective antibody against HBV; however, for anti-HBs-negative children after a single dose of booster, 3 doses are needed.


The attention is focused on the problem of theoretical understanding of the institutional component of the mechanism of external functions of the state. The basic scientific and theoretical concepts of understanding the activities of the state in the sphere of foreign relations are considered. The concepts of "foreign policy doctrine", "foreign policy", "foreign policy strategy", etc. are analyzed. The concept, characteristics, means and forms of realization of foreign policy activity of the state are disclosed.


We examine the initial public offering quiet period following the implementation of NYSE and NASD rules extending the quiet period from 25 to 40 days for lead underwriters. While early studies found positive excess returns at the expiration of the quiet period, more recent studies suggest that these returns have disappeared. Controlling for simultaneity bias and changes in analyst behaviour, we investigate whether positive significant returns indeed no longer occur around the expiration of the quiet period. Overall, we find that the quiet period is making noise again.


Positron-hydrogen collision cross sections have been calculated for intermediate and high energies. Comparison with earlier theoretical papers has been made wherever possible. An expected broad peak is observed in the results for the total cross section in the intermediate energy range.


The aim was to describe the prevalence, clinical manifestations, and associated factors of long-COVID. Bibliographic research of systematic reviews and meta-analyses was carried out in MEDLINE (through PubMed) until April 7th, 2022. 37 articles were found and 3 were included. Evidence quality was assessed via AMSTAR 2 criteria. Long-COVID prevalence is 43% (IC95%: 39% – 46%). Main clinical manifestations were weakness (41% [IC95%: 25% – 59%]), malaise (33% [IC95%: 15% – 57%]), fatigue (31% [IC95%: 24% – 39%]), concentration impairment (26% [IC95%: 21% – 32%]), and breathlessness (25% [IC95%: 18% – 34%]). Factors associated with long COVID were female sex, initial disease severity, age, and presence of comorbidities.


Multipath TCP (MPTCP) is an extension to traditionalTCP that enables a number of performance advantages,which were not offered before. While the protocol specificationis close to being finalized, t ...


ABSTRACT A Late Miocene flora (11.4 ± 0.61 Ma) from Bellevue, Washington, is described using macroand microfossils to summarize the flora and estimate climate and vegetation coverage. Genera recognized from macrofossils include pteridophytes (Equisetum L., Woodwardia Sm., and Allanto diopsis Knowlt. & Maxon, an apparent relict from the Eocene Puget Group flora), a rare cupressaceous conifer, and common angiosperms (Platanus L., Cercidiphyllum Siebold & Zucc., Ulmus L., Fagus L., Hydrangea L., Alnus Mill., Acer L., and Persea Mill.). Including unidentified morphotypes, the macroflora records one bryophyte, six pteridophytes, one gymnosperm, and 24 angiosperms. Well-preserved fossil pollen from the same sediments reveals a much richer regional flora. Although cupressaceous pollen is the most common element, a diverse record of Pinaceae is revealed by the palynoflora, including Abies Mill., Picea A. Dietr., Pinus L., Pseudotsuga Carrière/ Larix Mill., and Tsuga Carrière. In contrast, the Pinaceae are totally absent from the macrofossil record. Additional angiosperm genera identified from pollen include Liquidambar L., Ilex L., cf. Sarcobatus Nees, Carya Nutt., Juglans L., Nyssa L., Fraxinus L., and Salix L. Significant rare elements in the pollen flora include representatives of the Poaceae and Asteraceae. In total the palynomorph assemblage documents more than twice the diversity found in the macroflora. Coexistence analysis based on the pollen assemblage estimates mean annual temperature (MAT) of 11.6°C–16.6°C. Together, the macroflora and palynofloras suggest that Pacific Northwest plant communities—and climates—had not changed substantially since the Middle Miocene. Phytoliths recovered from the sediments suggest a closed-canopy forest with warm-adapted grasses of the PACMAD (Panicoideae, Arundinoideae, Chloridoideae, Micrairoideae, Aristidoideae, and Danthonioideae) clade in the understory or in forest gaps. Geological and botanical evidence indicate that the fossils are preserved in flood overbank deposits associated with widespread Late Miocene conglomerates found throughout western Washington.


Abstract Based on intensive ethnographic fieldwork among an undercover police investigative team in a southern European Union member state, I argue that moments arise when this team acts "ethically" in spite of the legal and policy mandates surrounding their work. I understand ethical action to include action that people undertake because they refuse to bear any responsibility (active or passive) for events that they deem to be "evil," lest such events become constitutive of their own personhood. This situation would preclude individuals from living in agreement with themselves. To this end, the article details some basic conditions in which this team works when operating outside of the law. This ethnographic analysis points to a form of political sovereignty that depends squarely upon particular speaking subjects rather than transcends and homogenizes those subjects as made evident in Agamben's "state of exception" argument. Those conditions include their particular place in the investigative process; egalitarianism among particular subjects; deep familiarity with each other; and an understanding of similarities between themselves and the targets of their investigations. Though fleeting in its appearance, the impetus to political action and a sovereign form premised upon particular speaking subjects can be well understood by developing certain implications in phenomenological anthropology and the anthropology of ethics. Most important among them is the need for mutual recognition among particular speaking subjects as political equals.


Abstract:  Hurpin was identified by differential display analysis studying UV‐repressible genes in the keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. We have previously reported that hurpin mRNA is overexpressed in psoriatic skin compared to non‐lesional or normal skin; hurpin inhibits cathepsin L and that, after overexpression in keratinocytes, hurpin decreases UV‐induced apoptosis. To further study the expression of hurpin, we have isolated monoclonal antibodies against hurpin and analyzed its expression in normal and diseased skin by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In the epidermis of normal skin, we found hurpin to be mainly expressed in the stratum basale. In contrast, we found an enhanced expression of hurpin in the stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum in the majority of diseased skin samples. Within the dermis of normal and diseased skin, hurpin was detected in sebaceous and sweat glands, hair follicles, and endothelial cells of blood vessels. Hurpin was localized in the cytoplasm in normal and diseased skin. Additionally to IHC, we analyzed hurpin expression in selected skin diseases by semiquantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction. We found overexpression of hurpin mRNA in psoriasis, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and actinic keratosis. In contrast, expression of hurpin in melanoma and basal cell carcinoma was comparable to that in normal skin. Overall, the strongest overexpression was observed in SCC and psoriasis. Individual differences in hurpin expression between patients were observed. The increased expression and redistribution of hurpin in diseased skin suggests its possible involvement in inflammatory processes or the regulation of endogenous or pathogen‐derived proteinase activity. Additional studies will elucidate the physiological role of hurpin.


The increasing market competition,the weak agricultural economy and the low benefit resulted from the contradiction of agricultural behavior have become the decisive factors and core problems for the operating performance of the rural credit cooperatives.Taking the county data of Yangzhou City as an example,this article empirically analyzed the impact of the market competition and the rural support behavior on the credit cooperatives behavior performance.The results showed that:(1) their own assets scale and loan scale have significant influence on the performance of rural credit cooperatives.(2) the increasing market competitiveness of rural credit cooperatives is conducive to its performance.(3) the influence of "rural-farmer-agriculture" loan percentage and the loan structure of farmers on the rural credit cooperatives is almost negligible.(4) the long-term influence of market competition and the rural support on the credit cooperatives is significant,but has no significant influence of the short-term effects.


Abstract In the territory of Vilnius city radioisotopic composition of different soils was experimentally determined and radon exhalation rate from the soil was evaluated using these data. Specific activitys of natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were measured. From identified natural radionuclides the biggest quantities were for 40K (263 Bq/kg), the smallest values ‐ for 232Th (5 Bq/kg), average 226Ra values reached 13 Bq/kg. Radon exhalation rate from the soil in Vilnius city was calculated and evaluated. Distribution of radon exhalation rate values in the whole territory of the city is stated. The received values vary from 15 Bq/m2·h (in clay loam) to 23 Bq/m2·h (in sand). It is assessed that of the most important parameters, which determine radon exhalation rate from the soil, are the quantity of radium and the porosity of the soil. It is observed that radon exhalation rate from the soil is bigger than that from building materials. This difference is determined by a bigger porosity of the soil.


We have studied a characterization method of accurate size of spherical particles by fitting experimental light scattering profile to the rigorous theoretical scattering function. An efficient software has been developed for computation of the theoretical scattering function and regression analysis. A light scattering instrument has been built and the necessary data acquisition and analysis are carried out by use of a personal computer with an emphasis on the reduction of analysis and time aiming that this study will be extended toward a development of a practical particle sizing apparatus. The performance of the instrument and the software has been evaluated with latex spheres and found to be satisfactory.


Recent papers have examined the effect of taxes on the labor supply of high income individuals and on the demand for employee labor; entrepreneurs' decisions to hire workers are seen to be quite sensitive to changes in marginal tax rates. However, little is known about the applicability of these findings to physician services. We posit a straightforward model of physician utility-maximization, where physician-employers jointly choose own work effort and other labor inputs. There is no theoretical prediction about the sign or magnitude of the cross-price effects of changes in physicians' tax rates on their choice of ancillary labor inputs. We estimate the impact of taxation of physician income on both the extensive and intensive margins using state-level variation in marginal income tax rates to identify the effects. We also examine the sensitivity of total and per worker compensation to variation in marginal tax rates.


The reaction of hydroxide ion with di-4-methyl phenyl phosphate has been studied in the presence of micelles of cationic detergent. It has been investigated at pH 8.0 to 10.0 at 40 ± 0.10 °C in aqueous dioxane di-phosphate esters. Pseudo-first order rate constants k ψ and k' w have been measured spectrophotometrically by rate of appearance of inorganic phosphate during hydrolysis. k ψ and k' w were rate constants with and without CTAB, which varied in between 0.02 x 10 -3 to 2 × 10 -3 mol dm -3 and the concentration of phosphate was restricted to 5.0 x 10- 3 s -1 . Rate constants increase with concentrations of CTAB, giving at rate maximum. k ψ = 67.03 × 10 -5 s -1 at 18 x 10- 3 mol dm -3 CTAB and k ψ = 52.43 × 10 -5 s -1 at 16 x 10- 3 mol dm -3 CTAB respectively at pH 8.0 and 9.0 for di-anions of 4-mpp. The values of ion exchange parameter calculated at pH 8.0 and 9.0 by using various ion exchange equations have been summarized. The activation energy is 25.08 kcal/mol and entropy is 52.07 [-ΔS(eu)], which has been found at pH 8.0 and used borate buffer 3.9 x 10 -3 mol dm -3 [OH - ].


If you capture all students 'attention with something that activates all their sences, imagination and creative thinking-then they would be able to assimilate new skill better and follow the instructions more easily. The innovative method of knitting a scarf by hand allows students through their personal work to make something that can always be used. Knitting a scarf is a unique way to reduce emotional stress among students and stimulate the process of learning and creative thinking. Knitting develops patience and it is important for students during class work. Knitting a scarf allows students to be creative in solving problems, lets them improve their current ways of thinking and behaviour.


Abstract Liquefaction is an earthquake-induced process in which a loose, sandy deposit below the water table loses much of its strength as load is transferred from grain-to-grain contacts to the water in the pore space. Liquefaction occurs when the pressure in the pore water equals the weight of the sediment column above the sandy layer. The effects of liquefaction have been observed in Utah in historical earthquakes, and evidence of liquefaction in the Wasatch Front region has been preserved in the stratigraphy of Lake Bonneville deposits. Liquefaction in historical earthquakes has caused significant damage to dams, buildings, buried utilities, roads, and bridges. Mapping of liquefaction hazards in the Wasatch Front began in 1980 with a National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program Grant to Utah State University for a study of Davis County. Davis County was selected because the urbanized part was relatively small, ground water was known to be shallow, and a substantial amount of subsurface geotechnical information was available. Liquefaction hazards were mapped on the basis of the susceptibility of subsurface sand deposits as indexed by Standard Penetration Test (SPT) blow counts using a conventional geotechnical procedure. The mode of potential liquefaction-induced ground displacement was equated to ground slope. The acceleration required to induce liquefaction was calculated for each site where subsurface data were available, and compared to the results of a probabilistic seismic ground motion evaluation done in 1978. Liquefaction-hazard maps showing high, moderate, low, and very low liquefaction potential were constructed using the computed values of critical acceleration integrated with engineering geology to guide the position and shape of the hazard-zone boundaries. Salt Lake County was mapped next in a similar way, except Cone Penetrometer Tests (CPT) were used to supplement the SPT blow counts. Utah County was the third area to be mapped, followed by Weber, eastern Box Elder, and Cache counties. The final liquefaction hazard evaluation included selected areas in central Utah from Park City to Richfield. In 1994, the Utah Geological Survey digitized and published summary maps of liquefaction hazard for parts of Davis, Salt Lake, Utah, and Weber counties based on this research. Research following earthquakes in the 1980s has led to an appreciation that the potential for liquefaction-induced ground displacement is not necessarily accurately indexed to liquefaction susceptibility of sand layers. The thickness of and depth to susceptible sand layers was found to be important in determining the likelihood and extent of possible ground displacement. The importance of this factor was demonstrated in Salt Lake County where the liquefaction hazard maps were adopted by the Planning Department, and developments located in areas of mapped high liquefaction potential were required to have specific studies to evaluate the extent of the liquefaction hazard. Only about half of the sites were found to have high liquefaction susceptibilities. The maps of liquefaction potential developed in the 1980s along the Wasatch Front represent a first generation of this type of hazard mapping. Refinement is needed to translate the liquefaction-susceptibility maps into liquefaction-induced ground displacement maps showing not only the potential for such displacement, but the amount of displacement that can be expected for different probabilities of earthquake ground motion.


a few bills and pay its investors a mere $36,748.89. At that stage it owed its shareholders over $208,000 against assets worth about $84,000. Professor Evans makes light of all sorts of problems. Wolves, mange, fire, and drought, which regularly devastated both the cow and horse herds, and any researcher discovers with relative ease, are mentioned only in passing. And even when Evans is forced to admit that his main characters eventually lost money, he does what he can to relieve them of blame. George Lane, he owns, ended his days in bankruptcy. Had he mismanaged in any way at all? No, Lane was largely a spectator forced to watch helplessly as 'the physical, economic, and political environments conspired to strip him of everything he had built up.' I too am an admirer of George Lane. He dared to dream, and he was willing to gamble in order to achieve what he wanted. However, gambling involves the possibility of losing. Lane apparently borrowed heavily during most of his ranching and farming days. When looking back on his own life in 1925, he must have felt that, particularly in buying out his partners a few years earlier, he had gone too far. I am sure he would feel now that he could shoulder that responsibility without being patronized by modern-day historians. The Bar U suffers from other deficiencies. For instance, the figure of $15 million exaggerates Burns's net worth in 1928, and the suggestion that 'shrewd' men like Burns and Lane carried on the original open range system to any significant extent in the 1920s is simply wrong. To sum up, while the book provides an interesting and detailed narrative of the history of this important ranch, it plays loose with the facts and proselytizes a sanitized, surreal, and outdated 'great man' interpretation. WARREN ELOFSON, University of Calgary


A negative donor center D– in a spherical Gaussian potential quantum dot is studied. The calculations have been performed by means of the exact diagonalization of the Hamiltonian matrix within the effective‐mass approximation. The dot‐radius and confinement‐height dependences of the binding energies of the D– center are obtained. We find that the stability of the D– center strongly depends on the dot radius and the depth of the confining potential. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


This study has a primary objective to empirically test the linkage between information technology and individual performance with the Technology-to-Performance Chain (TPC) as the research model. The model has detailed picture of combination of theories focusing on utilization and task system fit, developed by Goodhue and Thompson (1995). TPC assert that for an information technology to have a positive impact on individual performance, the technology (1)  must be utililized and (2) must be a good fit with the tasks it supports. Research data gathered from 171 auditors of the 'big five' CPA firms of Indonesia. This study examines the level of task-technology fit,  utilization and individual performance that perceived by the respondents based on the data analytical of the structural equation modelling. The results show that a fit between technology and the tasks it supports is associated with higher individual performance. It also indicate that a task system fit is associated with the utilization. The other finding, eventhough, was not empirically supported, is that an utilization has positive impact to the individual performance.


The discretetime food chain interaction model is proposed. Steady state implies all possible equilibrium points. Stability conditions of arising equilibrium points are analyzed with numerical examples. Further, the dynamical behavior of the coexistence equilibrium point is obtained.


The high temperature deformation behavior of Ti–46Al–2W and Ti–48Al–2W intermetallic compounds have been investigated in isothermal compressive tests, performed at temperatures between 1000°C and 1200°C for strain rates between 10 and 10 s. The stress–strain curve during high temperature deformation exhibits a peak stress which is followed by a gradual decrease into a steady state stress with increasing the strain. The flow softening behavior after the peak stress is attributed to the effects of dynamic recrystallization during deformation. The dependence of flow stress on temperature and strain rate followed a hyperbolic sine relationship using the Zener-Hollomon parameter. The activation energies, Q, were measured as 449 kJ mol and 394 kJ mol, and the stress exponents were measured as 3.6 and 3.7 for Ti–46Al–2W and Ti–48Al–2W, respectively. The activation energy increased with decreasing Al content in TiAl-base intermetallic compounds. The coefficient between peak stress and Zener-Hollomon parameter, A, was not a constant, but was dependent on the activation energy. The peak stresses can be predicted well by using a normalized Zener-Hollomon parameter. The dynamic recrystallization rate and recrystallized grain size increased with increasing the temperature and with decreasing the strain rate. © 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.


A design for the fail-safe mechanism of a guide vane in a Francis-type hydro turbine is proposed and analyzed. The mechanism that is based on a shear pin as a sacrificial component was designed to remain simple. Unlike the requirements of conventional designs, a shear pin must be able to withstand static and dynamic loads but must fail under a certain overload that could damage a guide vane. An accurate load determination and selection of the shear pin material were demonstrated. The static load for various opening angles of the guide vane were calculated using the computational fluid dynamics Fluent and finite element method Ansys programs. Furthermore, simulations for overload and dynamic load due to the waterhammer phenomenon were also conducted. The results of load calculations were used to select an appropriate shear pin material. Quasi-static shear tests were performed for two shear pins of aluminum alloy Al2024 subjected to different aging treatments (i.e. artificial and natural aging). The test results indicated that the Al2024 treated by natural aging is an appropriate material for a shear pin designed to function as a fail-safe mechanism for the guide vanes of a Francis-type hydro turbine.


.............................................................................................................................. ii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ iv Vita ...................................................................................................................................... v List of Figures ................................................................................................................... vii List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... ix Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 Description of the Process .................................................................................................. 4 Experimental Setup ............................................................................................................. 5 Experimental Data .............................................................................................................. 7 Machine Learning ............................................................................................................. 11 Conclusion and Future Work ............................................................................................ 12 References ......................................................................................................................... 14 Appendix A: Atlas Visualizations .................................................................................... 15 Appendix B: Experimental chromatograms..................................................................... 20


The nine papers in this session highlight developments in clock generation, sensors, and security. Digital PLL solutions are presented in FinFET technology, improved power supply noise and jitter, and synthesized fractional-N functionality. Papers in this session also present solutions for on-die power and aging sensors for reliable operation, and address security with innovations in device authentication using physically unclonable functions.


The present invention, a plurality of gears are coupled to the internal value, the drive main body in which the motor is provided to transmit the driving force to the gear on one side of the coupler base socket welding device; Fastening bolts being doedoe is through the center of the main body projecting into the lower part, the fixing cap to secure the coupler socket base coupled to the end portion; Welding torch is coupled to a lower portion of the main body coupled to the fixed body of the torch rotation take the outer peripheral surface of the fastening bolt; And it is coupled to one side of the torch fixed body filler metal supply section for supplying a filler metal to a welding torch during welding while the welding torch is rotated; includes.


Objectives: Assess the attitude of academic otolaryngology faculty members toward a new electronic medical record (EMR) and determine the impact of implementation on their perspectives. Methods: A longitudinal survey study was conducted from December 2013 to June 2013 at an academic medical center. All otolaryngology and audiology faculty members were serially administered an online, 10-question survey assessing their attitudes toward implementation of a new EMR system. These surveys were completed 3 months prior and 1 and 3 months after implementation. Basic demographic information was also collected. Results: Thirty faculty members completed all 3 surveys. Compared with respondents over 40 years old, those under 40 years reported being more comfortable with computers (P = .035). Prior to implementation, respondents under 40 years were statistically more likely to believe that the new EMR documentation would be both more efficient (P = .018) and higher quality (P = .030). However, by the end of the study the attitudes of the groups had converged; those under 40 years were less positive about the efficiency and quality of documentation in the new system and those over 40 years had become more enthusiastic about these aspects of EMR documentation. Conclusions: Younger faculty members appear to be more comfortable with the use of computers. This possibly led them to be more optimistic about the potential benefits of the EMR system. However, implementation appeared to alter both age cohorts' perspectives, with younger faculty becoming less positive and older faculty becoming more enthusiastic about the EMR's impact.


ABSTRACT.D IGITA Limage analysis with a modified circular ^ Hough transform proved able to locate tomatoes based on shape and not color, even when the scenes contained substantial background noise and the fruit were partially hidden from view.


Inkjet 3D printing is capable of building high-resolution components layer by layer with polymer-based materials that can also include functional components. Currently, most inkjet 3D printers are operated with prescribed layer structures to achieve a desired geometry and, in particular, a desired heigh profile. This often leads to discrepancy between target geometry and actual products. This article presents a framework to leverage halftoning processes in inkjet printing of images to inkjet 3D printing to improve geometric integrity and specifically a more precise height profile. By using the existing imaging pipeline, this framework requires no modification to current hardware. Halftone is a fundamental step in imaging pipeline for all digital printing systems. Error diffusion is one of the most common and widely used halftone algorithms. In this work, we will use two different error diffusion kernels, the 2 × 3 Floyd and Steinberg (FS) kernel and the 3×5 Jarvis, Judice and Ninke (JJN) kernel to demonstrate the feasibility and improve height profile control of an inkjet 3D printer using UV curable inks. The current implementation operates in a feedforward manner using a previously validated 2D height profile model to provide heigh estimation after the deposition of each layer. Two 3D geometry samples are printed using the proposed approach. Consistent RMS height profile errors and standard deviations from different samples demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach to improve height profile tracking in inkjet 3D printing.


The results of work on leaching of organotin compounds, bis-(tri-n-butylin) oxide and tri-n-butylin acetate, from antifouling paint films are described. The solubility of these toxins in distilled water and in an aqueous solution of sodium chloride was determined. Critical leaching rates of toxins were evaluated by making comparisons of the leaching characteristics with the biological properties of the coatings. Order from: BSRA as No. 48,413.


Opportunistic scheduling in wireless cellular systems utilizes random channel quality variations in time by favoring the users with good channel conditions. However, the success of such schedulers is heavily depending on the accuracy of the available information on the channel states of users. In this paper, we consider the opportunistic scheduling problem of downlink data traffic with partial channel information, where the target is to minimize the flow-level holding costs. In earlier works, the Whittle index approach has successfully been utilized to develop near-optimal scheduling policies for the corresponding problems. Using the same approach, we complement and extend the results found thus far. More specifically said, our novel contributions are (i) finding sufficient conditions under which the problem with partial channel information is provably indexable, and (ii) deriving an explicit formula for the corresponding Whittle index. In addition, we evaluate the performance of the derived Whittle index policies and compare them with some greedy policies by numerical simulations.


This paper contains a proposal for a standard basic mathematica l functions package for scientific computation in Ada. The package is transportable to machines with different floating-point types and its availability will enhance the portability of numerical software.


In course of helicopter hoisting,design of lifting lug is one of the key factors to keep control system for BOP stacks safety.On the basis of analyzing the main stress of control system for BOP stacks,lifting lug's triaxiality solid model and finite element analysis using Pro/E and ANSYS software were established,and by contrast to intension result,then the three results were consistent.In practice,it has done with tension test and magnaflux inspection to lifting lug,is more verifiable that the FEA and tradition mechanics calculation is in line with test result.


Propagation characteristics of surface acoustic wave (SAW) in periodic (AlN/ZnO)N/diamond multilayer structures were theoretically investigated using effective permittivity method. The phase velocity Vp, electromechanical coupling coefficient K2, and temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) of the Sezawa mode are analyzed for different thicknesses-to-wavelength H/λ, thickness ratios of AlN to ZnO Rh, and periods of alternating ZnO and AlN layers N. Results show that, comparing with AlN/ZnO/diamond multilayer structure, the periodic (AlN/ZnO)N/diamond multilayer structure (N ≥ 2) shows excellent electromechanical coupling and temperature stable characteristics with significantly improved K2 and TCF. The largest coupling coefficient of 3.0% associated with a phase velocity of 5726 m/s and a TCF of −29.2 ppm/°C can be reached for Rh = 0.2 and N = 2. For a low TCF of −24.4 ppm/°C, a large coupling coefficient of 2.0% associated with a phase velocity of 7058 m/s can be obtained for Rh = 1.0 and N = 5. The si...


In STEM education, numerous studies have explored how instructors, pedagogy, and curriculum affect student learning, with less attention paid to the impact of student characteristics on academic performance. Yet students' own beliefs, choices, practices, and behaviors can and do affect their academic outcomes. Applying research on learning from the fields of education and the social and behavioral sciences is only now impacting research in undergraduate engineering education, one of five major shifts in this field during the past 100 years. Still, engineering education research has not drawn widely on the existing research on metacognition— monitoring, understanding, and controlling thoughts that may lead to more productive behavior and practices. In 2016, a multi-disciplinary team of researchers at a Hispanic Serving Land Grant University in the Southwest embarked on a study of how the introduction of metacognition and strategies on "learning how to learn" to engineering students could impact their performance in class. Our preliminary data indicates that 75% of freshmen, 50% of sophomores, and 35% of juniors do not routinely adopt effective study strategies. Our NSFfunded research project focuses on freshman students enrolled in Engineering 100, Introduction to Engineering, which is part of the innovative First-year "Engineering Experience" program. Along with improving instruments to assess metacognitive thinking, we are developing minimally-intrusive interventions including a workshop, handouts, and reflective writing designed to improve students' metacognitive awareness (their ability to monitor and control their own learning) and knowledge of effective study strategies. This paper presents preliminary findings on this intervention. Pre-post results are discussed for students who received the metacognitive awareness and study strategy intervention versus those who did not.


(1) The objective of the paper is to suggest some basis for general patterns which have been observed between various components of energy budgets in animal populations. (2) If all components in energy budgets of animal populations are scaled to a constant (-0.75) power of body weight, it follows that, within a group of metabolically similar animals: production (P) will be proportional to respiration (R) and vice versa, i.e. that the relationship between log production v. log respiration will have a slope equal to one; that production efficiency (PIP + R) will be independent of body size; and that the relationship between production and standing crop (P/B) should vary as body mass raised to the -0-25 power. There is good agreement between these predictions and empirical results reported in the literature. (3) It appears that previous analysis of production and respiration in animal populations have identified several groups of metabolically similar animals. Those with high maintenance costs, e.g. homeotherms, have lower production efficiencies than animals whose maintenance costs are relatively low, e.g. poikilotherms. This pattern also appears to hold at smaller scales of observation; for example, carnivores appear to have higher production efficiencies and lower metabolic rates than herbivores. (4) The present study demonstrates the utility of large-scale interspecific comparisons for generating reasonable and testable hypotheses about certain ecological relationships and provides additional insights into existing empirical generalizations.


This study was undertaken to address the efficacy of newly formed Imiquimod loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles based gel formulation. The study evaluated the acute toxic effect of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles proposed for future use in skin cancers like basal cell carcinoma, superficial squamous cell carcinoma, some superficial malignant melanomas and actinic keratosis. Cytotoxicity study was carried out for Imiquimod loaded SLN based gel formulation against A375 cell line (basal cell carcinoma cell line) and Vero (african green monkey kidney cell line/normal cell line) by MTT Assay method. Investigation was carried out on A375 cell line to elucidate the mechanism of its cytotoxicity. The prepared gel formulation was noted to induce elevated levels of destruction of cancerous cell. Also the cell cultures were characterized for microbial contamination, cross contamination, % cell viability, population doubling time and pH.

KEYWORDS: Imiquimod, Solid Lipid Nanoparticles, MTT Assay method, Cell line.


are conducted to the skin by ulceration. The ulceration must begin almost at the same time as the matter is formed, for when one particle of matter is deposited, the surrounding parts must be removed to make room for more. In compound fractures we have suppuration and granulations; the latter become cartilaginous, and then bone performs the union: thus we have these salutary processes arising progressively one out of another. Joints, when exposed, suppurate, granulate, and unite by bone, in the same manner as compound fractures. This species of anchylosis forms the fifth kind, four of which have been described before. Suppuration seldom begins in


The development of dense wavelength division multiplexed systems at wavelengths between 1300 and 1600 nm has created a demand for wavelength references throughout this region.


AbstractAlthough many recent studies have quantified the potential effects of climate change on water resource systems, the scientific community faces now the challenge of developing methods for as...


In Christian tradition, pilgrimage is connected with hardship and sacrifice. It has been used as a penance for penitents. The pilgrimage itself is a kind of sacrifice. The Muslim pilgrimage is different. The atmosphere is serious, but full of confidence. The pilgrimage strengthens faith through the spirit of community with millions of other Muslims, who share the same faith. In that respect it resembles the mass meetings of revivalist Christianity.The pilgrimage means that Muslims are brought together in action, walking, running, praying, throwing pebbles, slaughtering and, most importantly, standing for half a day in the desert. All these experiences are used for education through experience. The pilgrimage is an opportunity to educate the Muslims in religious matters. It is a typical example of 'learning by doing'. This article elaborates the content of this education as it is performed today. The purpose is twofold: to show how well the pilgrimage is fit for education and to investigate how this opportunity is utilized today. The account is built on contemporary theological literature about Islam. Most of the works are introductions to Islam, written by well-known and esteemed scholars. They are meant to give elementary information about Muslim life. The purpose is not to decide what is right or wrong in the performance, or in the interpretation of the rituals. The purpose is to describe what is taught by the religious leaders today. They seem to regard some traditions as dubious, as they might be perceived as superstitious. They might also have been accused of this by Western scholars. That does not mean that they are superstitious. This article submits a discussion and an analysis of a trend in contemporary Islam.


Steel is widely used in the construction engineering industry in various combinations to construct various types of structures as flyovers, skyscrapers, plants, heavy machinery vehicle structures etc. Plates with various types of cut outs are also becoming very important due to their high applications in mainly aerospace industry and vehicle industries. These cut outs are made into plates to meet the requirement in the design of the final structures. However these cut-outs creates stress concentration and eventually reduces the mechanical strength of the structure. The present study aims at reducing this stress concentration around the central cut-out by introduction of a proposed scheme of auxiliary holes. Reduction in stress concentration with symmetric and asymmetric auxiliary holes is studied. Findings of the study are made available here as numerical data and in graphical form. Keywords— Auxiliary hole, Cut-out plate, Finite element method, Stress Mitigation, Stress analysis


Effects of applied P on pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] were studied in the greenhouse and field. Objectives were to study P effects on vegetative and nut growth, leaf scorch and/or premature defoliation, and nutrition. Elements were analyzed for both total and extractable (2% acetic acid) fractions. In the greenhouse, deficiency symptoms occurred when leaf P (dry-weight basis) was 0.08%; vegetative growth was maximum when P was 0.19% to 0.22%. In the field, applied P increased nut growth and decreased leaf scorch and premature defoliation. Leaf P values for maximum nut growth and minimum leaf scorch and/or defoliation are greater than 0.14% and 0.16%, respectively. Except when P was within the visible deficiency range, applied P had little direct influence on the concentration of other essential elements under either greenhouse or field conditions. Generally, extractable P was a slightly better indicator of the P status of the tree than total P, but the differences are of doubtful physiological significance.


This paper considers the global practical output tracking problem by at least continuously differentiable () state feedback for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems whose linearization around the origin may contain uncontrollable modes. Based on utilizing the homogeneous domination approach, we not only propose conditions of constructing a global continuously differentiable () controller, but also provide explicit design schemes for such systems. Finally, a numerical example demonstrates the effectiveness of the result.


R.Subalakshmi Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering M. Kumarasamy College of Engineering firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract—A digital signal processor is an important kernel of multiplier. Two important design of multiplier factor is Power consumption and area owing to circuit complexity. For each portable device the power consumption issue of avoiding cooling package and reliability issues is simply too difficult for massive battery life and high finish circuits. Selective activation multiplier and partitioned multiplier have a two architectures can be proposed for a two-input signed multipliers are decreased by power consumption. The multiplier of area and speed is important for speed increment which results for large area consumption. It ought to be fast and consume less space by multiplying. Average the area and time overhead by prior-art low-power techniques may be easily implemented.


Collaborative via Social Media 2019 kicks off its inaugural year by introducing three impactful new articles discussing dimensions of social media's facilitating role in group processes. This short article sets the stage for the minitrack, introduces the papers, and concludes with areas of future interest. Looking ahead to Collaboration via Social Media 2020, we introduce potential topics for further research.


The impinging forces of increased competition and customer quality awareness have prompted the Graphic Arts Industry towards greater interest in statistical quality control (SPC). One important aspect of SPC is the development of methods to characterize raw materials and output product. Although a colorimetric specification exists for lithographic and letterpress four-color inks in the European and other international markets (ISO 2845 and 2846), no colorimetric ink standards exist in the United States


In the parliamentary speech on the ex officio proceedings delivered in 1593 by James Morice, a prominent Elizabethan common lawyer, there appeared an original interpretation of the relationship between the royal prerogative and the law. Morice's speech, aimed at declaring illegal the ex officio oath, resulted from the strengthening of the authority of the monarchy and state in the late 16th century, a distinctive feature of the last decade of Elizabeth I's reign. The oath was imposed in particular by the court of high commission for causes ecclesiastical, whose judges received their powers from the crown by means of letters patent. In order to achieve his objective, Morice introduced two bills in the attempt to curb the abuses of the ecclesiastical judges through legislation, one of the ordinary prerogatives. In parliament, he deployed powerful legal and political arguments to move the queen to protect and guarantee the subjects' rights by virtue of the royal prerogative. The exercise of the prerogative in the last decade of the Elizabethan reign is a key to understanding the transformation in governmentality that caused Morice's parliamentary action, which anticipates the strategies later enacted by common lawyers – most notably Edward Coke – in reaction to the expanding authority of the English state and monarchy.


The Mexico City Conference of UNESCO allocated the following amounts to the program budgets: reconstruction, $614,141; fundamental education, $255,035; education for international understanding, $433,584; mass communications, $944,797; natural science field stations, $311,261; Hylean Amazon project, $55,750; study of social tensions, $159,732; exchange of persons, $130,420; exchange of information, $423,302; and national commissions and cooperating bodies, $52,109. Specific progress was made on a number of these projects during the period under review.


Data carrier with a semiconductor chip having at least one memory in which an operating program that contains commands is deposited, causing each command signals detectable from outside the semiconductor chip, and the data carrier designed such being that data that are used several times for a calculation in an encryption operation module are masked by different functions, consisting data to mask the message M to encrypt, characterized in that the message M is added at each use i (i = 1. .k) ri * n, where ri is a random number that can have a different value for each i, n is the modulus.


Process mechanisms of carbon budget and carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems are the research hotspots in analyzing the causes of global climate change,forecasting the climate change trend,and making mitigation and adaptation countermeasures,which have attracted broad attention from the scientific community and international community.In this paper,we review the history of the research on the carbon budget and carbon cycle process in Chinese terrestrial ecosystems;summarize the main characteristics of each development stage.Based on the review,we discuss the demands for carrying out the systhesis research on regional terrestrial ecosystem carbon budget in China from the aspects of science and technology and society,bring forward the main existing problems,and explore the key scientific issues in related fields.The paper analyzes the importance for carrying out the synthesis research on regional terrestrial ecosystem carbon budget in China from various aspects such as socio-economic development,ecosystem management,and eco-security as well.Simultaneously,the paper points out that,in China,we are still lack of practical investigation data of carbon budget for various ecosystem types,lack of data integration at national scale,lack of modelling tools that can be used in carbon accounting and assessment,and no information system platform has been developed for national carbon source/ sink accounting,assessment,authorization and decision making.Through the above analysis,we think that,in order to enhance the innovation capacity in the area of ecosystem and global change in China,to provide fundamental theory and advanced technology for national ecosystem and greenhouse gases management,more emphasis should be placed on the following frontier fields,such as the coupling relationships among carbon-nitrogen-water cycles in terrestrial ecosystems and their response and adaptation to global climate change,ecological stoichiometry characteristics of carbon-nitrogen-phosphor and their environmental impact,and the biological regulation mechanisms of the processes of carbon-nitrogen-water coupling cycles as well.


defects to assess their exact contribution to The object of the work presented in this A schematic diagram of the A-scan system used


The Yaha gas condensate field is located geographically in Kuqa county of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and structurally in the central segment of Luntai faulted uplift in Tabei uplift. In plane view, all the hydrocarbon accumulations in the Yaha play are oil reservoirs or gas condensate reservoirs with bottom oil, except for the Yaha 2-3 gas condensate field where the E-K reservoirs are previously believed to be pure gas condensate reservoirs. However, a comprehensive analysis of fluid phase, gas/oil ratio, neutron lifetime logging and empirical discrimination reveals that they are gas condensate reservoirs with bottom oil. The redefinition of reservoir types is of great significance to adjustment of development well pattern, selection of recovery methods and building of production capacity.


We could produce algin-like biomaterial of polyiduronan using polyglucuronic acid C5-epimerase with polyglucuronic acid prepared by specific oxidation of primary alcohol groups of four kinds of polysaccharides(corn starch, rice starch, sweet potato starch, and cellulose). The enzyme activity was determined by the modified Dische carbazole methodology with the isolated crude enzyme from the supernatant centrifuged at for 1 hr after grinding fresh bovine liver. And then, the optimal substrate, pH, and temperature for the enzyme reaction of polyglucuronic acid C5-epimerase were determined as the oxidized sweet potato starch, 7.0, and , respectively. Conclusively, it could be possible to epimerize polyglucuronic acid in the oxidized sweet potato starch to polyiduronic acid. Therefore, we could obtain algin-like polysaccharide using the oxidized sweet potato starch and polyglucuronic acid C5-epimerase isolated from bovine liver.


A new linear-chain structure based on heptamolybdates with the linkage of {Ce(H2O)5} units, (C6H13N4)2(H3O)[Ce(H2O)5Mo7O24] · 4H2O (1) has been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. Magnetic studies show strong spin–orbital coupling interactions and/or antiferromagnetic interactions within Ce(III) centers.


An ice skate has a support (2) and a skid blade (3) which can be coupled together in bayonet-like relationship (8,9) and employs means (12 to 19) of locking the coupling incorporated to the support (2) and actuatable manually from the exterior thereof.


This study clarified the actual choices of facilities in accordance with 'daily living areas,' which is defined as care service providing districts by local government, in a particular municipality. A case study was conducted for the usage situation of 8 community-based multi-care facilities, 10 group living facilities for the elderly with dementia, and 8 nursing homes in Municipality K2, Ishikawa Prefecture. Then, an approximate formulation of the selection rates of these three facilities for the elderly in the living area was made on the basis of the considerations. This study clarified the actual choices of facilities in accordance with 'daily living areas,' which is defined as care service providing districts by local government, in a particular municipality. A case study was conducted for the usage situation of 8 community-based multi-care facilities, 10 group living facilities for the elderly with dementia, and 8 nursing homes in Municipality K2, Ishikawa Prefecture. Then, an approximate formulation of the selection rates of these three facilities for the elderly in the living area was made on the basis of the considerations.


The advancement in wireless sensor and information technology has offered enormous healthcare opportunities for wearable healthcare devices and has changed the way of health monitoring. Despite the importance of this technology, limited studies have paid attention for predicting individuals' influential factors for adoption of wearable healthcare devices. The proposed research aimed at determining the key factors which impact an individual's intention for adopting wearable healthcare devices. The extended technology acceptance model with several external variables was incorporated to propose the research model. A multi-analytical approach, structural equation modelling-neural network, was considered for testing the proposed model. The results obtained from the structural equation modelling showed that the initial trust is considered as the most determinant and influencing factor in the decision of wearable health device adoption followed by health interest, consumer innovativeness, and so on. Moreover, the results obtained from the structural equation modelling applied as an input to the neural network indicated that the perceived ease of use is one of the predictors that are significant for adoption of wearable health devices by consumers. The proposed study explains the wearable health device implementation along with test adoption model, and their outcome will help providers in the manufacturing unit for increasing actual users' continuous adoption intention and potential users' intention to use wearable devices.


Objective. We sought to compare the prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grades 2 and 3 in women with atypia or atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) to women with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LGSIL).

Methods. A retrospective review of 2,200 colposcopic examinations (1992–1998) was performed. All women presenting with atypia, ASCUS, LGSIL, mild dysplasia, CIN1, or human papillomavirus (HPV) were included. Stratification of patients into groups [ASCUS (atypia or ASCUS) and LGSIL (mild dysplasia, CIN1, and HPV)] was followed by group comparisons of rates of CIN2 and CIN3.

Results. Rates of CIN2 and CIN3 were 11.8% (49 of 415) and 14.3% (152 of 1,064) in patients in the ASCUS and LGSIL groups, respectively (  p = 0.21). These rates represent all patients who underwent colposcopy but not necessarily biopsy. Among those patients who underwent biopsy, the prevalence of CIN2 and CIN3 in patients in the ASCUS group was 18.1% (49 of 271) versus 20.0% (152 of 759) in patients in the LGSIL group (  p = 0.49).

Conclusions. No statistically significant difference in rates of CIN2 and CIN3 exists in a comparison of ASCUS and LGSIL in this population.


This text is the first part of a larger study about Alexander Radishchev, one of the leading representatives of Enlightenment in Russia's XVIII Century. Analyzing Voltaire's and Diderot's relationship with Catherine II, the Empress of Russia, in the Introduction of this article, the author formulates the reasons for thematization of Russian reception of Enlightenment. Since Radishchev is considered as 'the father of Russian intelligentsia', different approaches to the meaning of the concept of 'Russian intelligentsia' are considered in the first chapter. Radishchev's biography is interpreted in the second chapter in order to facilitate the understanding of his ideas. Interpretation of his ideas, as well as of Catherina's 'enlightened absolutism', will be subject to further consideration in the second part of the study.


We analyze a generalized Dirac system, where the dispersion along the $k_{x}$ and $k_{y}$ axes is $N$-th power and linear along the $k_{z}$ axis. When we apply magnetic field, there emerge $N$ monopole-antimonopole pairs beyond a certain critical field in general. As the direction of the magnetic field is rotated toward the $z$ axis, monopoles move to the north pole while antimonopoles move to the south pole. When the magnetic field becomes parallel to the $z$ axis, they merge into one monopole or one antimonopole whose monopole charge is $\pm N$. The resultant system is a multiple-Weyl semimetal. Characteristic properties of such a system are that the anomalous Hall effect and the chiral anomaly are enhanced by $N$ times and that $N$ Fermi arcs appear. These phenomena will be observed experimentally in the cubic-Dirac and triple-Weyl fermion systems ($N=3$).


The amount of platinum in the catalyst for the electrodes of polymer electrolyte fuel cells must be minimized to widely substitute this new energy system for conventional ones. In this study, a platinum-free catalyst for the cathodic oxygen reduction was formed from a natural organic compound, catalase. We carbonized catalase to produce a catalyst active in the superacidic atmosphere of the polymer electrolyte. Nitrogen adsorption onto the carbonized material revealed that the material had highly developed internal nanospaces, which were essential for exposing active sites to oxygen reduction on the pore surface. The carbonized material was also characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The activity for oxygen reduction was evaluated using rotating disk electrodes, forming a catalyst layer from the carbonized material and the polymer electrolyte on the electrode surface and immersing the layer in oxygen-saturated per...


Abstract The spatial contributions of exciton generation to polarizabilities (α) are elucidated for two types of molecular aggregate models with a dendritic structure, one of which involves a different type of dipole units such as transition metal compounds.


To investigate state-owned forest farm workers' life satisfaction,10000 workers from 490 farms in fourteen provinces were enrolled in this study. A questionnaire was used to collect data, it is found that 53.6% of the state-owned forest farm workers were not satisfied with their lives, and 68.2% of the workers felt under a lot of pressure. Meanwhile,Multinomial Logistic Regression method was used to analyze the influencing factors of workers' life satisfaction. The analysis indicates age,working years, spouse's work,income,housing area,working time, working environment, social security, the relationship between farms and workers,and future confidence degree of workers had significant effect on workers' life satisfaction.


The proportion of twins among total births remains relatively constant in most communities, though it varies in different countries and races. Thus it falls from 20 per thousand in same African negroes (Bulmer, i960) to 14 per thousand in Norway, and to between 5 and 6 per thousand in J a p a n ; and from 14.3 in the non-white population to 11.3 per thousand in the white population of the United States of America (Lilicnfeld and Pasamanick, 1955). Further, the higher chance of twins in some families than in others is recognized widely enough for an increased premium to be demanded in these families to insure against such a possibility. The different patterns of behaviour found between monozygotic and dizygotic twins arc of great interest in the study of inheritance. The incidence of monozygotic twins is not known to be influenced by the environment, and even in countries like Japan where fewer twins are born, it is about the same as in Europe and America, 3,2 per 1000 (Penrose, 1959). One possible exception to this is that Lilicnfeld and Pasamanick (1955) found fewer in the lower-income groups of white Americans, but they thought this might be explained by a higher abortion rate. The incidence of dizygotic twins, on the other hand, is influenced by environmental as well as by genetic factors. Thus, it is only 2.0 per 1000 in Japan compared with 7.8 per 1000 in Europe (Penrose, 1959). Further, it becomes more frequent with advancing maternal age and incresasing birth order (Waterhouse, 1950, and McArthur, 1954) and less frequent with deficient nourishment. Thus, Bulmer (1959) has shown that the incidence of dizygotic twins, but not of monozygotic twins, decreased in those countries of Europe where undernourishment was common during the 193945, war, i,e., in Holland, Norway, and most of France, but not in Sweden or Denmark. If two monozygotic twins always had the same congenital heart disease and dizygotic twins had not, it would be useful evidence for a genetic cause. Such pairs have been reported by a few authors, including myself (Campbell, 1944 and 1959), but much more frequently when one is affected, the other is normal (Uchida and Rowe, 1957; and Lamy, de Grouchy, and Schweisguth, 1957). This has been our experience also in a larger series of twins, but other points of interest have arisen: for example, there seems to be a higher incidence of congenital heart disease in monozygotic twins, but only in one member of the pair.


Objective To observe the effect of mild cognitive function impairment after stroke treated by Qianglizengzhi drink. Methods 60 patients with mild cognitive function impairment after stroke were randomly divided into two groups. 30 cases in control group were treated by nimodipine on the basis of conventional therapy. 30 cases in treatment group were treated by Qianglizengzhi drink on the basis of control group treatment. The course was three months in two groups. The effect was evaluated by adopting MMSE,MoCA and observation of syndrome score changes. Results MMSE and MoCA after treatment were increased as compared with those before treatment in two groups( P 0. 05). The increase in treatment group was more obvious( P 0. 05). The total effective rate in treatment group( 93. 33%) was higher than that in control group( 70. 00%,P 0. 05). Conclusion The curative effect of Qianglizengzhi drink on the treatment of mild cognitive function impairment after stroke is definite and worth clinical promotion.


We report for the first time in the fossil record the exceptional direct evidence of pre - dation of a catfish shark ( Scyliorhinus sp.) on a brachyuran crustacean belonging to Paranecrocarcinus cfr. P. milbournei Collins, 2010 (Necrocarcinidae Forster, 1968) from the Late Cretaceous of Hadjoula, Lebanon. It is the first report of this species out of African continent.


We present the results of 1.3mm dust continuum observations for a sample of 17 X-ray selected TTauri stars in the Ophiuchus star forming region performed with the MPIfR 7-channel bolometer arraymounted at the IRAM30mMillimeter Radio Telescope. We have detected cold dust emission from 3 of the objects and have derived 3σ upper limits (∼ 21mJy on average) for the remaining objects. These upper limits suggest that the disk masses (gas + dust) are less than 5 · 10−3 M . Combining our results with those obtained by Andre & Montmerle (1994) for a sample of 21 X-ray selected TTauri stars (3 additional detections) we improve the statistical significance of our conclusions. As the frequency of circumstellar disks and the disk properties might depend on the selection criteria as well as local conditions, comparison is made with 1.3mm surveys of Hα selected TTauri stars in Chamaeleon, Lupus, Ophiuchus, and Taurus-Auriga. In order to study the mass of cold dust in multiple systems we also observed a sample of 15 well known binaries, triples, and quadruples by 1.3mmphotometry. From these observations we report the 1.3mm detection of 4 multiple systems. It seems that the measured 1.3mm flux density increases slightly with increasing binary separation. In addition, we have mapped the hierarchical triple SR 24 at λ= 1.3mm with the 7-channel bolometer array. We detected cold dust emission only from the southern component with a peak intensity of ∼ 230mJy and a corresponding circumstellar disk mass of ∼ 0.035M (gas + dust), while for the northern component we derived an upper limit of 10% of the SR 24S peak flux density. The non-detection of 1.3mm emission from SR24N suggests a lack of cold circumstellar dust in the outer part of the disk, which might have been cleared by the close infrared companion 0. ′′2 away from SR24N. Send offprint requests to: Dieter Nurnberger ? Based on observations obtained with the IRAM 30mMRT on Pico Veleta, Spain


NbCl/sub 5/ crystallizes in the monoclinic system with a == 18.30, b = 17.96, c = 5.588 A, BETA = 90.6 deg . The space group is C2/m, and there are 12 NbCl/sub 5/ units in the unit cell. The structure consists of dimers (Nb/sub 2/Cl/sub 10/) with the chlorine atoms forming two octahedra which share a common edge. The niobinm atoms occupy the centers of the octahedra and are loined by two chlorine bridge bonds. The Nb--Cl bridge bond length is 2.56 A; the Nb--Cl non-bridge bond lengths are 2.25 and 2.30 A. NbBr/sub 5/ and TaCl/sub 5/ appear to be isomorphous with the above structure. (auth)


Languages originates from life and enriches life itself. Different times have different language style. As time goes by, languages get different meanings from life. This article mainly deals with the relationship between the English small words and the development of time, Science technology and culture.


A review on advanced photochemical processes influencing properties of materials is presented. Particular emphasis is given on photolytic processes for the removal of pollutants. Separately are presented methods for the removal of biological pollution. Major concern is paid to the methods for removal of persistent chemical pollutants. Two major groups of processes are known: homogenous and heterogeneous photocatalytic methods. The heterogeneous photocatalysis is usually done with semiconductor nanoparticles, capable to absorb light. In semiconductor the absorption of light quanta is connected with the promotion of electron(s) from valence to conduction band, leaving a positively charged hole(s) in CB. Electrons and holes can react with adsorbed molecules including water molecules. In this way the reactive intermediates are produced, which upon the sequence of reactions end with complete mineralization of ingredients. The scaling-up of heterogeneous photocatalytic process is closely connected with efficacy of them. As a matter of fact, many factors are involved in kinetics of photocatalysis: concentration of pollutants; concentration of catalyst; temperature; radiant flux; quantum yield; dopants; etc. The interrelations among various parameters are mostly nonlinear, and construction of the photoreactor is very demanding task. In last 30 years a lot of study was done, and general conclusion is that TiO2 (mostly anatase) is most efficient photocatalyst, but there is a lot of work needed on improvement of such processes.


With the development of the economy,the contradiction between the supply and demand of Anhui cultivated land becomes more and more serious.And it is important to analyse its protection prospect, and some measures should be taken to end off this situation. Based on the analysis of the current situation of Anhui cultivated land, we forecast its demand prospect by discussing the grain-production and non-agricultural constructive land which matching the economic development, and predict its supply transformation by adopting the Grey model in this paper. Through the analysis of the supply and demand situations, we also put forward some corresponding countermeasures to protect the cultivated land.


The problem of teaching grammar to the learners of German as a second foreign language is considered. The emphasis is on a conscious mastering of grammatical patterns at the first stage of learning by making use of rules and comparisons with the equivalent and nonequivalent patterns in the system of English as the first foreign language. This approach helps to form in the students a stable conception of the grammatical structure with its own distinctive features in the German language which provides a sound foundation for the proper usage of grammatical patterns in spontaneous communication.


A Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS) prototype device for real-time dosimetry in brachytherapy application is presented. A novel charge sensitive element is used for pixel design. It features a built-in charge-to-current conversion and allows operation mode with charge integration. The two 32/spl times/32 pixel arrays prototype design in a standard CMOS process is presented.


Using intense magnetic pressure, a method was developed to launch flyer plates to velocities in excess of 20 km s−1. This technique was used to perform plate-impact, shock wave experiments on cryogenic liquid deuterium (LD2) to examine its high-pressure equation of state (EOS). Using an impedance matching method, Hugoniot measurements were obtained in the pressure range of 22–100 GPa. The results of these experiments disagree with the previously reported Hugoniot measurements of LD2 in the pressure range above ~40 GPa, but are in good agreement with first principles, ab initio models for hydrogen and its isotopes.


Titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, and silicon dioxide layers have been prepared by plasma ion assisted electron beam evaporation employing the Advanced Plasma Source (APS). The refractive indices have been determined by spectrophotometry in order to quantify their reproducibility. Standard deviations in the refractive index turned out to be highest for titanium dioxide, and lowest for silicon dioxide. The refractive index reproducibility of titanium dioxide could be improved by replacing the commonly used BIAS voltage control concept by a novel alternative approach concerning ion beam power, termed JE. All these findings are discussed in terms of a model that considers the real oxide film as a binary mixture of a solid fraction with a small amount of pores, within the limits provided by the Wiener bounds.