In experiments based on the Beard1994 and Beil (1994) two-person coordination game, first movers frequently do not trust others to be own-payoff maximizers, which results in a large number of coordination failures leading to Pareto-suboptimal outcomes. On the other hand, a non-negligible share of second movers indeed fail to select the decision that simultaneously maximizes both players' payoffs. This paper reports on a new experiment aimed at explaining the source of these inefficient behaviors. We introduce treatments highlighting the impact of interpedent preferences, as well as the role of the saliency of equilibria. We find that first movers are more likely to rely on their partners the less they can win by selecting the safe option. As for second movers, we find intriguing evidence on social preferences. While there is no evidence on their aversion to inequality, they care whether their partners' advantage is deserved. The presence of such preference also explains results from several previous laboratory implementations of this game. Adam Zylbersztejn is a PhD student in the Paris School of Economics and the University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne. He is currently visiting the Columbia Economics Department. His main fields of research are experimental economics and behavioral game theory.


This study was undertaken to investigate the changes in medical students' self‐and peer‐evaluative abilities as they progress through both the preclinical and clinical phases of their academic careers. Second‐year medical students were videotaped performing a randomly assigned physical examination. Based on behaviorally anchored checklists, students reviewed and rated their own performances as well as those of two of their peers; faculty also rated the students' performances. These same students, as seniors, reviewed once again the videotapes of themselves and their peers and rated the performances. The students' second‐year self‐ and peer‐evaluation ratings were significantly higher than those of the faculty ratings, whereas those same students' ratings as seniors were not significantly different from the faculty ratings. Implications for integrating the use of self‐evaluation in undergraduate medical education programs are discussed.


A common simplifying assumption made in wireless simulation and modeling is that the world is flat, i.e. to ignore the effect of the terrain in which the wireless signal propagates. In this paper, we show with empirical measurements from an urban wireless network testbed how the terrain affects the spatial and temporal correlation of the wireless signal, and in turn, the distance or duration over which the wireless signal remains consistent. Furthermore, we suggest that this effect has practical implications for systems that make assumptions about the duration over which wireless signal quality stays roughly the same, such as adaptive transmission schemes or applications that buffer data to smooth over variations in signal quality.


The experiment of extraction of caffeine from tea is very professional which is time-consuming and the extracter used is poisonous. To stimulate students' interest in learning, reform teaching content and enhance students' ability, the paper studies the conditions of solution, the selection of extracters and heat strength control during the condensing of filtrate and sublimation following to improve them in terms of the principle of safety, economy, high-resolution and enviroment-conserving. The improved experiment has been applied to experimental teaching of fundamental chemistry and obtained perferable effect.


This article main research is how diversification strategy influence agency cost and company performance.Many scholars gave a discount phenomenon to the present diversification strategy,thought that because the internal capital market's inefficiency caused the multiplex company's resources deployment not to display the superiority which theoretically should have.From agency cost many scholars explained that diversification strategy gives a discount phenomenon,but aims in the agency cost and the diversification strategy degree relations makes the real empirical test.The test whether diversification enhance agency cost,was this article crucial question.The conclusion is the agency cost and the diversification degree are proportional,the company performance and the diversification degree are in reverse proportion.


This article discuses the exploit of the drafting exam-paper bank management System from the following aspects:selecting items from various channels;designning the structure of the exam-paper bank;and setting up the management system of exam-paper bank as well.


! In rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction there is continued disagreement concerning the advisability of exercise in an open kinetic chain or whether exercise exclusively in the closed kinetic chain should be favoured. This review examined the evidence concerning greater anterior tibia displacement during exercise in an open kinetic chain with resulting increase in the transplant's laxity and poor functional rehabilitation outcome


In the diploma thesis I first show the development of geographical information systems throughout history. I then describe the technologies which constitute a geographical information system, the ways of possible use and the type of data available. The possibility of creating and saving the data is also present. The second part of the thesis contains the current status of the geographical information system used in the company and the currently used methods of data collection.
The need for easier, faster and quality data collection has led me to research about the process of recording and updating geographical data with mobile technology. The increase of availability and daily use of geographical information systems has increased the demand for accurate and up to date information transfer. The advance of telecommunications services and mobile devices has increased the on field use of geographical information systems and influenced new ways of collecting and maintaining data. It is fast and high quality data which represent time and money savings and an advantage at decision making.


Committee on Practice Bulletins—Obstetrics, Committee onGenetics, and Society forMaternal-FetalMedicine. This Practice Bulletinwasdevelopedby theAmericanCollegeofObstetricians andGynecologists'CommitteeonPracticeBulletins—Obstetrics and Committee onGenetics, and the Society forMaternal-FetalMedicine in collaborationwithNancyC. Rose,MD, andAnjali J. Kaimal, MD, MAS, with the assistance of Lorraine Dugoff, MD, and Mary E. Norton, MD, on behalf of the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine.


The tidal current energy is an ideal ecological energy with good economic prospects, low development costs and environmental impact. A new type of turbine called rectangle tidal current turbine, which has high energy utilization and good hydrodynamic performance, is researched. The design of a rectangle turbine frame is provided and ANSYS software is used to check the strength of blades and frame structures under operating conditions and extreme conditions. The Screening and NLPQL optimization function are applied to optimize the final structure form. The result of optimization can decrease the weight by 13.3% and have good economic.


Objective:To study the influence of iodine excess intake on thyroid hormones metabolism in cerebrum of progeny of mice and adequate dosage of selenium intervention.Method:One hundred and twenty Balb/c mice were randomly divided into 8 groups:control group,iodine excess group(3 000 μg/L I),six iodine excess plus selenium groups(100,200,300,400,500,750μg/L).The mice mated at the end of 14 d.Thyroid hormones and 5'-deiodinase and 5-deiodinase in serum and cerebrum were determined on postnatal day 0 and 14.Results:On postnatal day 0 and 14,TT4 level in serum,TT3 and rT3 concentrations in the cerebrum of progeny of mice were lower significantly in iodine excess group than those in control group(P 0.05).5'-deiodinase and 5-deiodinase activities in the cerebrum were significantly higher and lower in excess iodine group than that in control group respectively.Supplementing Se 200 to 400 μg/L was effective.Conclusion:Supplementing adequate Se can improve the abnormal thyroid hormones metabolism in cerebrum of filial mice induced by excessive iodine intake of their mothers.


Applications of gas chromatography have been enhanced through conversion of many chemical compounds to derivatives with suitable reagents. This study measured retention volumes of a number of hydroxylic derivatives in polymeric stationary phases. A number of alkanes and aromatics were included in the study for comparison with the derivatives. The stationary phases include a poly(dimethylsiloxane), a poly(methylphenylsiloxane), a poly[methyl(trifluoropropyl)siloxane], and a methoxy poly(ethylene oxide). The selected derivatives were acetates, trimethylsilyl ethers, trifluroroacetates, and pentafluoropropionates. The hydroxylic compounds included butyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, and m- and p-methylphenols; n-butyl tert-butyl ether was included for comparison with n-butyl trimethylsilyl ether. The effects of derivatizing groups on the interaction parameter were considered as a summation of hydrocarbon core and derivative groups. Linear free energy relationships were identified for n-alkanes, aromatics, and n-but...


Holy Mount Athos — one of the biggest centers of Orthodox monasticism, from the first days of its formation appeared to be the place of asceticism for Armenian monks as well. Thus, one of the first ascetics of Athos was St. Joseph Myroblyte (9 th cent.) — Armenian by nationality. Further influx of Armenian monks to the Holy Mount is observed in the 10 th and 11 th centuries. The last testimony of activity of Armenian Hagiorites refers the second half of 18 th cent. This article for the first time attempts to bring together and analyze historical evidences, in order to give a more general and a more comprehensive picture of Armenian monks' presence in Athos from 9 th to 18 th  centuries.


Economic theories of managing resources, traditionally assume that individuals are perfectly rational and thus able to compute the optimal configuration strategy that maximizes their profits. The current paper presents an alternative approach based on bounded rationality and evolutionary mechanisms. It is assumed that network node users face a choice between two resource strategies in real networked manufacturing resources configuration problem (NMRCP). The evolution of the distribution of strategies in the population is modeled through a replicator dynamics equation. The latter captures the idea that strategies yielding above average profits are more demanded than strategies yielding below average profits, so that the first type ends up accounting for a larger part in the population. From a mathematical perspective, the combination of resource and evolutionary processes leads to complex dynamics. The paper presents the existence and stability conditions for each steady-state of the system. A main result of the paper is that under certain conditions both strategies can survive in the long-run.


Poloidal divertors and pumped limiters are the leading candidates for impurity and particle control systems for ignited tokamaks. Such systems must be able to provide heat removal and He pumping while satisfying the requirements for minimum plasma contamination by impurities, reasonable component lifetime (..cap alpha.. 1 year), and minimum size and cost and maximum simplicity. The advantage of poloidal divertor systems is that they offer the possibility of low sputtering rates for the first wall components and modest pumping requirements due to the formation of a cool, dense plasma near the collector plates. Estimates made as part of the INTOR study indicate that the sputtering rates for pumped limiters could be unacceptably large. A engineering design study of a poloidal divertor system for an ignited tokamak indicates that such a system offers a reasonable solution to the impurity and particle control problem at only a modest increase in total reactor cost (about 7%) and complexity compared to a pumped limiter system.


Background Caring for a person with dementia predisposes informal carers (carers) to mental and physical disability. Carers tend to focus on the needs of the person with dementia and have difficulties expressing their own needs for support. No instrument has yet been developed to directly assess carers' support needs. The aim of this study is to clarify the main categories of carers' support needs to inform future development of an instrument to assess carers' support needs. Methods A qualitative approach combining focus group interviews with carers and professionals and individual interviews were used. Results Carers' support needs were categorised into four areas: (i) daily life when caring for a person with dementia, (ii) focus on themselves, (iii) maintain own well‐being, and (iv) communicate and interact with surroundings. Discussion Carers have support needs in common regardless of the relation to the person with dementia. Carers tend to focus on the needs of the person with dementia, thus not knowing their own needs. The four main categories clarified in this study may inform the foundation of developing an instrument to facilitate dialogue between carers and professionals with the purpose of assessing carers' support needs.


In this paper, a new way for visualization of unstained transparent specimens is described, which is based on bright-field imaging and promises an improved resolution and contrast. The final results can be compared with conventional phase contrast images, and the new method may lead to superior results in most specimens.


a Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; b Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; c Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; d Department of Ophthalmology, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Ophthalmic Image Analysis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; e Private veterinary practice, Nestelbach, Austria; f Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; g Department of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; h Department of Cell Biology, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; i Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria Accepted after revision: November 29, 2018 Published online: January 17, 2019


This cross‐sectional study reassesses the status of headache didactics and clinical training in adult neurology residency programs in the United States to determine if program directors and chief residents feel that current training in headache is adequate.


In the present paper we extend the exact solution previously obtained for the heterogeneous catalytic reaction 2A + B2 → 2AB on small domains, to arbitrary lattice sizes () and calculate the average number of reactive steps necessary to poison the lattice first, . We determine as a function of through Monte Carlo simulations previously contrasted with the exact solution in lattices. We show that follows a power law with , without appreciable transient behaviors, and a scale factor () dependent on the two parameters of the model, the sticking coefficient probability and the desorption probability . The dependence of on both and is determined.


This essay critically examines the relevance of Cornel West's (1989) conception of prophetic pragmatism as a theoretical framework for educational development in post-conflict settings torn by religious, socioeconomic, and cultural tensions. It examines the concept through the conflict and post-conflict experiences of the Indonesian province of Aceh and the Muslim provinces of the southern Philippines. These 2 regions struggle with educational development after emerging from decades of secessionist conflict with democratic or democratizing central governments. It suggests that prophetic pragmatism usefully accounts for the relevant dimensions of these 2 historical cases and concludes with a brief sketch of how the concept could inform relevant strategies for educational redevelopment in these 2 post-conflict settings.


This study aimed to apply an Ergonomic Work Analysis (EWA) and compare the productivity results obtained before and after the application in order to demonstrate whether after a deployment of ergonomic improvements in the workplace is increased productivity. The study was conducted in a metalworking company that produces stamped parts for the industry and manufactures private label products. It was explored the concept of ergonomics as a method to facilitate interaction between man and his work in a production system. Among the concepts of productivity, it analyzed the Single Factor Productivity - SFP. The research is characterized as exploratory it was based on action research and guided by the search for integration and complementarity between the qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. The results showed that productivity after implantation EWA increased and operators participating reported decreased pain and discomfort after improvements.


ABSTRACT 1991 saw the ninth successive United Nations (UN) discussion on the 'Question of Antarctica.' The adoption of two more resolutions critical of the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS), including South African participation therein, reaffirmed the unchanging nature of the UN episode and the lack of consensus on the management of Antarctica. Key developments affecting Antarctica continue to occur away from New York: during 1990—91 the negotiations conducted at Vifia del Mar and Madrid for the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (PREP) and the measures agreed at the Bonn Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting proved the point. The critics of the ATS were appeased by neither PREP and its mining prohibition nor the recent dismantling of the apartheid regime in South Africa.Two UN reports were published on the state of the Antarctic environment as well as the proposed establishment of a UNsponsored research station in Antarctica. One resolution adopted in December 1991 called for annual UN reports on the Antarctic environment, although fiscal and other considerations meant that the research station proposal was effectively shelved. Another resolution urged South African exclusion from ATS meetings. The tenth annual UN discussion on Antarctica is scheduled for the close of 1992. There exists growing evidence that the critical campaign is losing momentum, although it seems premature to anticipate Antarctica's imminent demise as an UN agenda topic.


Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the level of electromagnetic fields in houses and the symptoms of residents near high power lines.  Materials and Methods: For this purpose, in this descriptive study, electromagnetic fields levels were measured in 74 residences close to high power lines and some symptoms of 141 adults living in these houses were evaluated with a questionare.  Results: Electromagnetic field average in homes was 2,18 ± 1,25 mG and 41,9 of them were between first and third floor. The balconies of the houses had the highest electromagnetic field averages. 50,4% of the participants were male and 66,4% were over 50 years old. There was a statistically significant and negative correlation between the electromagnetic field level in the houses and the distance to the high voltage line. No significant difference was found between the frequency of the symptoms and total number of symptoms and the level of electromagnetic field measured at home. Conclusion: Electromagnetic fields cause various health concerns and studies about health impacts should be increased. The results of this descriptive study show that different evaluation approaches will be useful.


The appearance and flourishing of the avant-garde movements in Europe are less a product of imitation than a kind of "spontaneous contagion." Before the arrival of surrealism, a French phenomenon, there were a number of avant-garde centers on the continent: Paris, with Alfred Jarry, Apollinaire, the impressionists, the Fauves, etc.; Paris, again, where Marinetti launched his "Manifeste du futurisme," but also Craiova, where Marinetti's manifesto was published in Romanian in the local paper, Democraţia, the very same day—20 February 1909—as in Le Figaro; Dresden, with the group Die Brücke; Bucharest, with Tristan Tzara, Ion Vinea, and Marcel Iancu/Janco gathered around the magazine Simbolul (Symbol) in 1912, and with texts by Urmuz written before 1910 and discovered in the 1920s; Prague, with the group Osma (The Eight) of 1907 and poetism, the 1920s movement of Karel Teige. Moscow and Mikhail Larionov's 1913 rayonism; London with Ezra Pound and Wyndham Lewis's vorticism of 1914; Budapest and Vienna with the Hungarian journal Ma (Today) (1916-1925) led by Lajos Kassák; St. Petersburg with Kasimir Malevich's suprematism of 1915; Zagreb and the journal Zenit of 1925; Zurich, in 1916, with the Cabaret Voltaire and its homonymous journal and


I. INTRODUCTION It now seems clear that Congress showed some prescience in the process of enacting objectives for the Uruguay Round, which began in 1982. At that time, "services" accounted for about seventy percent of the U.S. economy, but the fear for many members of Congress was that the U.S. industrial economy was in the process of "hollowing out." Nevertheless, Congress decided to press for foreign market access for services, which they knew would accelerate the restructuring of the U.S. economy. Since then, the U.S. economy has made a vast adjustment. Our industrialized sectors have become globally competitive, yet we also have a strong service economy. Indeed, we also now have what is called an information economy, which is defined by rapid rates of change; wide, deep and sensitive capital markets; redundant, fast and stable telecommunications; and a premium on knowledge-based workers. The Congresses of the mid-1980s could not have predicted this development, but they did encourage it, in part by mandating services negotiations. The basic mandate for the U.S. negotiators in the Uruguay Round is found in the Trade Act of 1988. Section 1101 (a) (9) contained two basic objectives with respect to services: gaining market access for services exports and establishing an international system of services agreements. The latter objective eventually ripened into the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). This essay evaluates the first five years under GATS and indicates some work for the future. The Coalition of Service Industries (CSI) already performed such an evaluation when it responded in detail to a request from the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) for comments in preparation for the Seattle Ministerial meeting last August. CSI commented specifically by sector, as well as outlining four overarching issues: structural issues (such as the services classification system, which is still evolving); regulatory reform; electronic commerce; and a special concern, government procurement. While I plan to touch on the first two of these issues, I want to look over this first five years and the future from a somewhat broader perspective. II. THE VALUE OF THE GATS The first broad issue is the actual and perceived value of what has been negotiated. For all the effort that has gone into multilateral services negotiations over the last fifteen years, there is surprisingly little market interest in these commitments. American companies have not failed to support the negotiations; quite the contrary. The services business community has devoted a substantial amount of money and executive time to these negotiations. There would have been some harm if these negotiations had failed, although it would not have affected the services industries themselves so much as the assumptions for progress of the entire trading system. However, if we were to look at middle-income countries with roughly similar levels of development and resource endowments, but with widely dissimilar levels of GATS commitments, capital markets would not propose a significantly lower risk premium for those with the greater services commitments. The reason for this lack of discrimination in favor of GATS commitments is that, so far, negotiations regarding services have resulted in obligations that do not significantly open markets, as compared to what would have happened in those markets anyway. Moreover, because the opening of these markets was driven by the demand for capital or technology or both, the transformation to a more open environment is not likely to be reversed. Therefore, as far as capital markets are concerned, GATS commitments do not result in much change, at least for now. This should not be surprising. Economic history is replete with examples of the increase of trade without trade agreements. In the nineteenth century, unilateral reduction of barriers to trade in goods did not occur because of trade agreements--indeed, most market opening was unilateral in those days--but because transportation costs were falling. …


The present study aims at determining the prevalence of cervical cancer in rural teaching hospital and to know the stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer. It is a retrospective study of 108 cases of cervical cancer above 30 years of age. We studied during the period January 2009 to December 2010 in the department of Obstetrics and gynecology, Sri Devaraj Urs medical college, Tamaka, Kolar, India. Patients were treated accordingly to the stage of the disease. Out of 108 women, 46 (42.6%) women were in the age group 41-50. Of total 108 patients, 94.44 % were Hindus, 2.77 % were Muslims and 2.77 % Christians. The parity of majority (78) of the patients was above 3. Out of the 108 women undergoing cervical biopsy, 101 (93.51%) had squamous cell carcinoma, 6 (5.55%) had adenocarcinoma & 1 (0.92%) had adeno-squamous carcinoma. 100 (92.57) women came with stage II B and above, 6 (5.55%) women came with stage IB2 & IIA & 2 (1.85%) women came with vault recurrence. Women who came in stage IIA or less underwent Wertheim's hysterectomy which included 6 (5.55%). 100 (92.59%) had chemoradiation & 2 (1.85%) had palliative therapy. As almost all patients (92.57%) with cervical cancer were in advanced stage. High prevalence of advanced cervical cancer indicates very poor cervical cancer screening program in this area. Public education, effective cervical cancer screening strategies using PAP smear, visual inspection with acetic acid & cervical tissue sampling whenever required will reduce the prevalence of advanced cervical cancer.


We compute the energy spectra of the gravitational signals emitted when a pointlike mass moves on a closed orbit around a non rotating neutron star, inducing a perturbation of its gravitational field and its internal structure. The Einstein equations and the hydrodynamical equations are perturbed and numerically integrated in the frequency domain. The results are compared with the energy spectra computed by the quadrupole formalism which assumes that both masses are pointlike, and accounts only for the radiation emitted because the orbital motion produces a time dependent quadrupole moment. The results of our perturbative approach show that, in general, the quadrupole formalism overestimates the amount of emitted radiation, especially when the two masses are close. However, if the pointlike mass is allowed to move on an orbit so tight that the keplerian orbital frequency resonates with the frequency of the fundamental quasi-normal mode of the star (2w_K=w_f), this mode can be excited and the emitted radiation can be considerably larger than that computed by the quadrupole approach.


The work for people in-service to apply for academic degree provides an effective way for the teachers'further studies,meets the demands of professional development of college teachers,solves the contradiction between the urgency to update their knowledge and time constraints,gains better development conditions,improves their competitiveness.Due to the limitations of teachers themselves,the lack of teaching management staff and the imperfections of evaluation criteria,there are certain quality problems of teachers' in-service study for academic degree.In order to improve it,we should enhance awareness,establish a comprehensive assessment system and guarantee the quality of dissertation.


Seaweed farming activity is now facing some problems caused by pest fish herbivore and ice-ice disease . To solve those and improve our seaweed quality, seaweed production management requires some ecological technique improvements. The purpose of this study was to determine the functions of seaweed H. durvillaei for improving the production of the seaweed E. spinosum in the coastal area of Geger Beach, Peminge Village, South Kuta subdistrict, Badung regency, Bali. The measured data includes parameter of weight, length and water quality. Data was measured every 10 days for up to 40 days. The best growth result was shown by the model of E. spinosum that were fenced by H. durvillaei of 456 g for E. spinosum . H. durvillaei showed good impact on increasing the production of E. spinosum up to 68.7% compared to the control. Water quality conditions on seaweed culture was good with temperature ranged from 27.7 to 30.1°C, salinity from 30 to 32.3 ppt, DO from 3.9 to 5.5 ppm, pH from 7.9 to 8.4, current 0.1 to 0.2 m/s, and clearness of 100%.


Objective
To explore the prognosis of patients with BCLC-B hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving LR+ MCT vs TACE.

Methods
BCLC-B HCC patients undergoing LR+ MCT (107 cases) and TACE (65 cases) were retrospectively evaluated, in terms of 30-day mortality rate, the median survival, early and long term survival rate and complications.

Results
The hospital mortality rate was similar between the two groups (χ2=0.285, P=0.593). However, the LR+ MCT group were with a significantly higher postoperative complication rate than the TACE group (χ2=4.694, P=0.03). At the same time, the LR+ MCT group had significantly higher median survival rates (χ2=9.135, P=0.003), but, there was no statistical difference for five-year survival (χ2=4.767, P=0.434).

Conclusions
LR+ MCT are as safe as TACE for patients with BCLC-B HCC, and it provides longer median survival rates.

Key words:
Carcinoma, hepatocellular; Microwaves; Chemotherapy, cancer, regional perfusion


Optionally comprises at least one chalcogenide, and thereby, it is possible to form a semiconductor without using toxic materials, copper - zinc - as to form a tin alloy, metal plating composition is disclosed, the metal plating composition comprises at least one copper plating species, at least one zinc plating species, at least one tin plating species and, when at least one complexing agent, further, the alloy contains at least one chalcogen, at least consisting of one of chalcogen plating species. Metal plating composition supplemental general formula selected from the group consisting of disubstituted benzene compounds having I, comprises at least one additive, R Such an alloy containing at least one of sulfur and selenium, a back contact (b), the absorption layer (c), covered with a buffer layer (d), TCO / window layer (e) and a front grid (f) It may be used as an absorber of the thin-film solar cell comprising a substrate (a).


Carbon/silica nanocomposite films with a hexagonal P6mm structure were fabricated directly by the oxidation and carbonization of surfactant/silica nanocomposite films, which were obtained by a dip-coating technique through a combination of sol-gel and evaporation-induced self-assembly. The as-synthesized nanocomposite films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and N2 adsorption-desorption. These analyses reveal that the carbon/silica nanocomposite films, with a narrow pore size distribution of mesopores, have an ordered symmetric structure. The pore sizes of this hybrid film can be controlled within a certain range by changing the carbonization temperature. In addition, the films are composed of a continuous silica matrix and a continuous carbon coating in about 1 nm adhered well to the silica matrix. The formation of carbon coatings from surfactant acts as a framework support to prevent the pore size of the silica matrix from shrinking.


: Concrete is a widespread material all over the world. Due to this material's heterogeneity and structural complexity, predicting the behavior of concrete structures under extreme environmental conditions is a very challenging task. High temperatures lead to microstructural changes which affect the macrostructural performance. In this context, computational tools that allow the simulation of structures may assist the analysis, by reproducing varied situations of thermal and mechanical loading and boundary conditions. In order to contribute to this scenario, this study proposes a numerical methodology to simulate the thermomechanical behavior of concrete under temperature gradients, through inverse analyses and a user subroutine implemented in Abaqus software. Thermal loading effects were considered as loading data for a damage model. Experimental data available in the literature was adopted for adjustment and validation purposes. The preliminary results presented herein encourage further improvements so as to allow realistic simulations of such an important aspect of concrete's behavior.


Background and purpose The natural history and predictive factors for outcome of cartilage restoration in chondral defects are poorly understood. We investigated the natural history of cartilage filling and subchondral bone changes, comparing defects at two locations in the rabbit knee.


Starting from a quantum statistical approach, general expressions are given for the shape of spectral lines in dense plasmas. Special attention is paid to the dynamical treatment of the ionic microfield. As an example for the application of the theory of line profiles, the diagnostics of short-pulse laser induced plasmas is considered.


A silver nanoprism (Ag NP) generates a near field due to multipolar surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and lightening rod effects and acts as a multipolar nanoantenna. The ability of Ag NPs to create such an effect even under an infrared (IR) optical field far off of resonance from the SPR frequency is demonstrated through finite difference time domain simulations of exact Ag NPs and hybrids. The conclusive experimental proof of such a near field around Ag NPs under low-intensity (1.5 mW) IR (980 nm) light came when it could excite fluorescence from YVO4/Eu3+ nanoparticles that otherwise do not fluoresce under IR. The results open up new vistas for exclusive plasmonic excitation of fluorescence through metal NP hybrids/ensembles.


An attempt has been made to describe the importance of periodicals in the libraries and highlight the problems relating to subscription of foreign periodicals through agents. Offers some evaluative comments on different measures adopted to avoid difficulties. Discusses practical difficulties experienced in NCERT (National Council of Educational Research and Training) library in acquisition of periodicals through agents.


Cave management in Australasia VII : proceedings of the seventh Australasian Cave Management and Tourism Conference, New South Wales, May 1987
National Parks and Wildlife Service.; Australian Speleological Federation.; Hosted by National Parks and Wildlife Service of New South Wales, Tourism Commission of New South Wales and the Australian Speleological Federation


In this paper, we shall introduce thin n-subpolygroups of a given n-polygroup and in this regards, the notion of wreath product of n-polygroups will be studied. Also, double cosets of n-polygroups are investigated and the classical isomorphism theorems of groups are generalized to n-polygroups. The main result of the paper is that a finite n-polygroup is singular if and only if it is a wreath product of n-subpolygroups all of which are thin or generated by an involution or by an idempotent element.


The governing equations of flexural vibrations of thin, fluid-saturated poroelastic plates are derived in detail. The plate theory employed is the one due to Kirchhoff. The plate material obeys either Biofs theory of poroelasticity with one degree of porosity suitable for soils or the AifantisBeskos' theory of poroelasticity with two degrees of porosity suitable for fissured rocks. The dynamic response of a rectangular, simply supported, poroelastic plate to a harmonic lateral load is obtained analytically numerically for both soil and rock models. The effects of porosities and permeabilities on the response are studied and a comparison between the results of the two material models is made. The quasi-static problem is analysed as a special case of the dynamic one.


Based on the successful experience of coal powder injection technology in iron-smelting blast furnace,and similar working principle between the FCMP blast furnace and iron-smelting blast furnace,the feasibility analysis of applying the coal powder injection technology in FCMP blast furnace is drawn up.


This paper develops a model relating knowledge sharing across teams to their relational context. Findings from a field study of R&D teams in the pharmaceutical industry suggest that a competitive relationship is negatively associated with inter-team knowledge sharing, that a shared sense of identification with the organization is positively associated with inter-team knowledge sharing, and that the negative effect of competition on knowledge sharing is attenuated by organizational identification. The study further shows that the negative effect of competition on knowledge sharing is attenuated by a team's upward lobbying efforts – seeking management support to induce other teams to share knowledge – but that the effects of upward lobbying and organizational identity on knowledge sharing interact negatively. The effects of the model are generally stronger when knowledge sharing involves know-how (knowledge about how things are done) rather than know-what (information and facts). These results suggest that ...


The article explores the communicative essence of an innovative, Global society person, analyzes the forms of a person's social adaptation to the informational reality, and shows that a person's life values and ideals are the major sources and products of this adaptation. A special accent in the article is made on freedom and the strategy choice for an "information subject" in the new daily and the global Internet network. Sociophilosophical understanding of virtual reality is given. The author proves that with the Internet integrating into everyday life, the forms and ways of everyday personal and social communication change, adjustments are made to the traditions and cultures, innovation and new material and spiritual existence realities emerge, new life principles and new reality are formed that accompany people's daily activities. Keywords—Globalization, human, communicational Interaction, Social Context, "information subject", informationoriented society, new daily, Internet virtual social reality


The purpose of this learning strategy is to develop a structured process of generating, sharing, capturing, and disseminating knowledge about what works in scaling up and sustaining sanitation programs. The authors are undertaking this learning process in order to enable evidence-based decisions by policy-makers and implementation of large-scale programs. The learning in this project will benefit not only current stakeholders but also future stakeholders interested in and committed to promoting and implementing effective large-scale sanitation programs. The remainder of this strategy paper is divided into five sections: project background; learning goals and principles; learning culture, tools, and platforms; learning process; and organizational aspects of learning.


The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exposure environment is unique due to the mixture and intensity of magnetic fields involved. Current safety regulations are based on well‐known acute effects of heating and neuroexcitation while the scientific grounds for possible long‐term effects from MRI exposure are lacking. Epidemiological research requires careful exposure characterization, and as a first step toward improved exposure assessment we set out to characterize the MRI‐patient exposure environment. Seven MRI sequences were run on a 3‐Tesla scanner while the radiofrequency and gradient magnetic fields were measured inside the scanner bore. The sequences were compared in terms of 14 different exposure parameters. To study within–sequence variability, we varied sequence settings such as flip angle and slice thickness one at a time, to determine if they had any impact on exposure endpoints. There were significant differences between two or more sequences for all fourteen exposure parameters. Within–sequence differences were up to 60% of the corresponding between‐sequence differences, and a 5–8 fold exposure increase was caused by variations in flip angle, slice spacing, and field of view. MRI exposure is therefore not only sequence‐specific but also patient‐ and examination occurrence‐specific, a complexity that requires careful consideration for an MRI exposure assessment in epidemiological studies to be meaningful. Bioelectromagnetics. 40:3–15, 2019. © 2018 The Authors. Bioelectromagnetics Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Misuse and Abuse of Prescription Drugs Prescription pain relievers are safe and effective when used correctly for a medical condition and under a doctor's supervision. But they can cause serious side effects if not used correctly. Incorrect use or use for non-medical reasons can lead to abuse, addiction and even death1). SAMHSA recently reported results from their 2014 Survey on Drug and Health2). About 4.3 million people age twelve and older reported nonmedical use of prescription pain relievers including opioid-containing drugs such as hydrocodone (Vicodin®), oxycodone (OxyContin®, Percodan®, Percocet®), and fentanyl (Duragesic®) during the past month2).


A new approach to the forecasting of construction cost indices in Taiwan is presented. Construction cost indices have always been used to assess the variations in construction labour and material costs. These indices have been traditionally based on historical statistical information in Taiwan. However, the indices fall short in forecasting the future cost trends in the construction industry. By investigating the characteristic data that make up the construction cost indices, the major determining factors were identified as (1) 'the number of difference', (2) the required periods of preceding construction cost indices, (3) the weight associated with each preceding construction cost index, (4) the mean value of the series of construction cost indices that have been converted into a stationary series, and (5) the estimation of the errors between the predicted values of construction cost indices and the observed values of construction cost indices. An analytical model has been established to forecast the present and future construction cost indices based on these factors, and its feasibility tested by using the observed data of the construction cost indices obtained from the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China. The results suggest that this model is reasonably adequate in forecasting the trend values of construction cost indices in Taiwan.


The microstructure and the growth mechanism of the films, which were deposited on silicone oil surfaces by the rf-magnetron sputtering method, were studied systematically. It is found that, at the fixed incident rf capacity, the growth rate is not a constant and it depends on both the nominal film thickness and the substrate temperature. The film structure at the micrometer scale is highly sensitive to the substrate temperature. The dc resistance of the film increases with the increase of time, indicating that the behavior of the defects in the film is much different from that of the film deposited on a solid substrate. The effects of the liquid substrate are also discussed.


The vase resonators supposed to be placed underneath the traditional theatrical stages were widely believed to be meant and effective for sound enhancement. After a series of site investigation, literature research and acoustical analysis, the author clarified that the legend is not true as some documents stated.


The present study aims at shedding lights on the areas of allusion between the protagonist of Steinbeck's To A God Unknown and Joseph the prophet. It is divided into an introduction and two other sections. The introduction tackles some definitions of allusion and its sources. The definitions are separated into two kinds according to their generality for every definition serves a certain aspects of the subject. It also concentrates on the role of the reader in participating in the creative process. He is also regarded as a second pole in the process. It also alludes to different sources of allusion and how this technique develops through ages. The second section is devoted to the parallel allusion between Joseph Wayne, the protagonist of the novel and the Biblical Joseph. It studies their birth, journeys and responsibilities which come to be almost parallel. The third section deals with the areas of contrast between the two characters especially those which concern faith and temptation. The conclusion summarizes the results of the paper.


This study was rooted in the need for organisations to utilise methods and techniques which serve to better address unethical decision making and influences within the organisation when employees are employed. Critical analysis of existing bodies of research led to the identification of integrity-related behaviours, which presented such behaviours as a possible means by which to address the abovementioned need. Integrity was therefore selected as the primary focus of this study. Further theorising led to Organisational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) and leader effectiveness emerging as outcomes of integrity-related behaviours within an organisational context. The presence of OCB and leader effectiveness was therefore seen as validating the existence of integrity. The process of theorising then focused on constructs that influence integrity-related behaviours in an organisation. Further research highlighted that the absence of Machiavellianism and the presence of transparency and moral intelligence may influence integrity-related behaviours comprehensively. Further theoretical relationships were found between transparency and leader effectiveness; moral intelligence and leader effectiveness; and moral intelligence and OCB. Additional literature was researched and the conceptualisation of each construct and the proposed relationships were examined. These relationships were constructed into a theoretical structural model. The overarching research hypothesis was therefore to determine the validity of the influence of the selected integrity-related personality constructs (Moral Intelligence, Machiavellianism and Transparency) on the construct of integrity, with OCB and leader effectiveness as outcomes thereof. The theoretical structural model and overarching substantive research hypothesis were supplemented by eight substantive research hypotheses, which were used to validate and provide support for the proposed relationships. In order to do so, the quantitative approach that was followed was coupled with an explanatory research design and the use of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to conduct the statistical analysis. The following psychometric tests were used to measure the variables in the structural model: Ethical Integrity Test (EIT), Leader Effectiveness Questionnaire (LEQ), Organisational Citizenship Behaviour Scale (OCBS), the Moral Competence Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za


This research is a descriptive study that aims to describe the use of punctuation errors in writing EBI Standard Reports for Grade VII students. The approach used is a qualitative descriptive approach. The research was carried out at SMP Negeri 1 Bambel with the research subjects being 11th grade students. The data in this study are errors in the use of punctuation marks in writing EBI Standards for Class VII Students. The forms of errors in the use of punctuation were found, namely omission. The results of this study indicate that based on 11 student writings that have been analyzed, the biggest error in the use of punctuation marks is the omission of periods and commas between elements in a detail with an indication of inaccuracy and ignorance of students in the use of punctuation marks.


The subject of this article is the intrafamily murders committed for sexual honor in big cities and metropolises. Murders for sexual honor and the customs concerning them are among the basic elements of traditional and rural cultures. However, great waves of migration, technological advances, development of communication, and the globalization process experienced especially since the 1980's have radically changed the coordinates of the rural-urban, traditionalmodern and local-universal distinctions. Just like many other things have been dismantled from their contexts, intrafamily murders for sexual honor, too, have been disembedded out of their original milieu, and begun to haunt in big cities and metropolises. Therefore, the globalization process does not only involve the expansion of such concepts as democracy, liberalism and human rights that are highly valued by the civilized world, but also that of primitive cultures, violent customs and superstitions.


Using our theorems (of [12]) on separation of convex sets by linear operators, in the sense of the lexi-cographical order on Rn, we prove some theorems of surrogate duality for vector optimization problems with convex constraints (but no regularity assumption), where the surrogate constraint sets are generalized half-spaces and the surrogate multipliers are linear operators, or isomorphisms, or isometries. In the cae of inequality constraints, we prove that the surrogate multipliers can be taken lexicographically non-negative isometries or non-negative (in the usual order) linear isomorphisms.


Free Choice at Barrow The Barrow-in-Furness Division of the B.M.A. is to be congratulated on the successful outcome of discussions with the local corporation regarding the District Medical Service. In future the arrangements for domiciliary treatment of public assistance patients will be in accordance with the B.M.A. policy that, in the best interests of the patients, such treatment should be given by private practitioners. For many years the service had been provided by a whole-time district medical officer. The holder of this appointment, who was not a member of the Association, died in April, 1943, and an advertisement for a successor was refused publication in the Jouirnal. Negotiations followed between the local authority and the Division, resulting in the introduction of the " free choice" method. Detailed A rrangemnenits To facilitate the smooth working of the scheme a joint committee has been appointed. It consists of the chairman or vice-chairman of the Public Assistance Committee, the public assistance officer, and the chairman or vice-chairman and secretary of the Division. To this committee will be referred any disputes between the corporation and the participating doctors or any complaints against the doctors. A medical advisory committee appointed by the Division will act as a committee of reference for any difficulties that may arise or modifications of the scheme that may be found desirable. Payment of the doctors is by way of capitation fee payable quarterly in arrear at the rate of 25s. per annum for each case attended, inclusive of dispensing. For each case "residing at Rampside, Piel, South End of Wfalney, or any island," the capitation fee is 30s. per annum, whether the patient attends at the surgery or is visited at home. A fee of 21 s. will be paid for each certificate issued under the Lunacy or Mental Treatment Acts. Fees as laid down in the Midwives Act will be paid for any confinement attended. These rates compare favourably with those payable under similar schemes in operation elsewhere.


Methyl azido(phenylhydrazono)acetate (1) reacts with variously substituted enamines (4)–(7) to give product mixtures including 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazines (8)–(13) and 1,2,4-triazoles (14)–(16). A mechanism is proposed involving a preliminary 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to give unstable Δ2-1,2,3-triazolines (17).


Figure 1. Foreasting relationship of TN vs. Hypoxia volume. The solid blue curve is the forecasting result (mean value); dashed blue curves are forecasting confidence intervals (2.5 and 97.5% values), all calibrated as in Evans and Scavia (2010). The open blue circles are observed values for 1985-2009,the closed red circels are observed values before 1985, and the closed blue circles are observed values for 2010 – 2012 (the years used for model calibration). The vertical purple line represents the 2013 Jan-May TN load of 162,028 kg/day and the horizontal lines show the forecast hypoxic volume (mean and confidence intervals) associated with this load.


A whole-spacecraft vibration isolation platform can improve the dynamic environment during satellite launches. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of a whole-spacecraft vibration isolation platform with uncertain parameters are investigated. The governing equation of the platform is derived and the non-probabilistic reliability theory is utilized to analyze the dynamic characteristics. Then, the numerical results are carried out and compared with the experimental data. It is found that non-probabilistic reliability theory is a powerful tool to reveal the dynamic characteristics, which may lead to a new design of the platform with enhanced security and reliability.


The effectiveness of in situ multielement X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy for studying the passivation of alloys is demonstrated. By simultaneously windowing the appropriate K{sub a} fluorescence lines with a 13-element energy-dispersive germanium detector it is possible to measure concurrently the behavior of different alloying elements during electrochemical polarization. A thin film of stainless steel was stepped between {minus}1.5 and +0.4 V (MSE) (the transpassive region of chromium) in a pH 8.4 borate buffer. On the first oxidation, no metal was lost and Fe and Ni showed some oxidation. On reduction, significant Fe and a barely detectable quantity of Ni dissolved. During the second oxidation, some Cr and a smaller fraction of Ni dissolved.


Our thesis deals with the function of conjuctions of coordination in la bruyere's poetics. Our literary analyses (ii) have been preceded by a linguistic study (i) explaning the functioning of conjunctions of coordination "in the language" (as opposed to "in the discourse"). In thisd first part, the history of conjunctions, as grammatical category, was briefly described, from the graeco-latin sphere to the nineteenth century, where coordinating words were distinguished from subordonating words. Then, the state of the problem in contemporary linguistics was set up; it appeared that no existing approach was explaning satisfactorily the relationship between conjunctions of coordination themselves (chapter i). Attemps were made to remedy to this situation by building up a system based upon the linguistic theory of enonciation. This was derived from contirbutions of g. Guillaune's linguistic theory, as well as o. Ducrot's theory about argumentation "in the language" (chapter ii). In the second part of the thesis, this theoratical construction was applied to the litarary analysis of les caracteres. Using this aproach, we considered successively the relationships between grammar and rhetorics (i), grammar and ethics (ii), grammar and religion (iii). These three contributions have shown that beyond the "shattered style" (formal image of the diversity of the actual world). La bruyere's eloquence, inclined towards polyphony as well as arrangement of connecting elements on a scale of meanings, and "figurative" lay-out (in the christian sense of "prophecy in act"), derived less from "parole en archipel" (dispersed discourse) than from


The present study examines the heritagization processes associated with pumpkin seed oil, a product typical of the Slovenian-Hungarian borderland, that have evolved since the 2000s in a settlement in the Őrség region of Hungary and a settlement in the Slovenian region of Goričko. The study explores how innovations — in our case, the introduction and spread of new varieties of pumpkin — have transformed seed oil processing technologies, and the impact that this transformation has had on the culture of the local communities. Both examples can be regarded as success stories in their own way, since the examined communities can be said to have taken ownership of, and "appropriated," this aspect of their traditional culture in advance of other settlements in the same region by connecting and binding it to their own locality. Today, there can be no doubt that these two settlements have "earned the right" to be permanent representatives of this unique cultural heritage and to exploit the opportunities it offers.


An attempt was made to investigate an embolitic plaque effect on blood flow through a microchannel and the impact of the magnetic field, metabolic heat, and external heat source on improving blood flow. To address the aforementioned objectives, mathematical models were developed for blood flow and heat transfer with a source. The governing models were scaled using the dimensionless quantities, and the plaque area was derived from Dominguez [28], in which it was incorporated into the governing equations. The governing equations were further reduced to ordinary differential equations using the perturbation method, and the subsequent ordinary differential equations were solved using the method of undermined coefficients, and the constants obtained with the help of the matrix method using the boundary conditions. Furthermore, simulation was carried out to study the effect of the pertinent parameters using Wolfram Mathematica, a computational software. From the simulated results, it is seen that the entering parameters such as magnetic field parameter, the Reynolds number, Womersley number, oscillatory frequency parameter, and permeability parameter all affect the blood velocity and temperature profiles, showing significant impactful results that are useful to both mathematicians and clinicians.


On the basis of the equilateral octahedron in the sphere, the global is recursively subdivided. With level of subdivision increasing, subdivision speed will descend markedly. So for the deeper hierarchy of subdivision, local subdivision is chosen. After the sphere is divided, to display the proper area, the correct cells should be found. So when the specific region is showed, its central cell needs to be as initial search cell to find grid cells within a certain range, and then show. Grid cells after subdivided can not achieve the ideal that the cells have the equal area and the equal shape, which affects the effect of display and the accuracy of search. Through the analysis of cell distortion, it is known that the basic attributes of cells distribute according to a certain law. With level of subdivision increasing, the changes tend to be stable which ensures the reliability of the deeper levels subdivision.


The 1996 welfare reform devolved greater responsibility and flexibility to state welfare organizations; however, most of these organizations have not transformed their organizational cultures towards a vision of client well-being. This study examines dominant and alternative narratives espoused during twenty-two interviews with staff in a welfare organization. The dominant narrative endorsed the welfare program and understood 'success' as client compliance, which resulted in regulatory suggestions for change, such as implementing stricter policies. The alternative narrative subverted this dominant narrative by identifying problems with the welfare program, which resulted in suggestions for organizational change that promoted client well-being. Fostering alternative narratives in welfare organizations may prompt liberatory organizational culture shifts that redefine the notion of client 'success'.


Investigations Skin biopsy showed epithelioid cell granulomas in the middle and deep dermis (Fig. 2). A Kveim test was positive and Mantoux i in 1000 was positive. The chest X-ray was normal however pulmonary function tests showed a moderate restrictive defect. Hand X-rays showed cystic changes in the terminal phalanges. The plasma alkaline phosphatase was 134 iu/1 (35-105) and the plasma y glutamyl transferase was 179 iu/1 C<65). The scrum immunoglobulins were IgG 22 6 g/1 (8 0-18-0), IgA 5-1 g/1 (09-4-5) and IgM 168 g/1 (0-6-2-8). Liver biopsy showed sareoid granulomas. The following investigations were normal: full blood count; ESR; plasma urea and electrolytes; plasma calcium; 24-h urine calcium.


A neutron energy spectrometer is described, suitable for the region 50 kev to 1 Mev. Hydrogen recoils from CH4 in a proportional counter are collimated and enter a second counter. The sum of the pulse heights is analyzed whenever a coincidence occurs. A third counter in anticoincidence discriminates against cases in which all the energy is not lost in the first two. With the collimation used the energy spread is ∼10% and the efficiency an approximately linear function of energy, being 10−5 at 180 kev.


Satellite images may have been taken in very dark or a very bright situation, so the information may be lost in those areas which are excessively and uniformly dark or bright. So we have to improve the contrast of a satellite image. Image contrast enhancement is one of the most important issues in image processing. Contrast enhancement has the purpose to improve the quality images.. Satellite colour images are being used in many research fields. One major issue of these types of colour images are their poor perception. There are several methods used to enhance the perception of these images. Some of these methods are Histogram Equalization Technique, Local Histogram equalization method, Discrete Cosine Transform, and Discrete Wavelet Transform technique. All these methods face problems such as loss of image information, loss of edge details etc. A new method to enhance the satellite image which using the concept of wavelets and threshold decomposition is discussed here. The proposed enhancement technique uses 2D DWT to decomposed input image into different sub bands such as LL, LH, HL, HH. Then, enhancing the image using threshold decomposition. Threshold decomposition is a powerful theoretical method, which is used in nonlinear image analysis. Here edges are detected through threshold decomposition and these edges are sharpened by using morphological filters. This method will give better quantitative and qualitative results. Then the image is recovered using inverse 2D DWT. This technique can be applied in the fields of astronomy, satellite image processing etc. Keywords—image processing, wavelet transform


[Objective]To investigate the incidence rate and the risk factors of peptic ulcer(PU) in troops,provide basic data for further research on the precaution and treatment of PU.[Methods]By using cluster sampling,the incidence rate,exposure factors and other influencing factors of PU in a northern military region were investigated with self-administered questionnaire.The single factor analysis was adopted to learn the relationship between the individual factors and incidence rate of PU.[Results]The incidence of PU related symptoms among 7 345 soldiers was 8.41%(95% CI was 7.77%-9.03%).Age,length of military service,education level,smoking,alcohol drinking,spicy food,dietary habit,family history of PU,history of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAID),major of soilders,military training fatigue,psychentonia and irascibility were significantly correlated with the incidence of PU,while there was no significant correlation between body mass index(BMI),birthplace and the incidence of PU.[Conclusion]Smoking,alcohol drinking,education level,age,spicy food,dietary habit,family history of PU,history of NSAID,major of soldiers,military training fatigue,psychentonia,length of military service and irascibility are the risk factors of PU among soldiers.


Gerdien condensers for measuring electrical conductivity, ion mobility and charge number density were flown in recent rocket programs to investigate the high-latitude middle atmosphere. The instruments were launched in two coordinated programs (Aurorozone I and II) at Poker Flat, Alaska to study the effects of auroral energetics on electrical parameters and in a solar eclipse rocket program at Red Lake, Canada. The design of the Gerdien condenser instrumentation for the Aurorozone II program and the solar eclipse program is considered. In addition, electrical parameters measured for the two auroral programs are presented and discussed. The initial results from the measurements indicate that high-latitude middle atmosphere electrical parameters are strongly influenced by the auroral energetics.


The current trend in microprocessor is to go multi -core, be it in desktops, note-books or hand-held systems. Fortunately, many major software and hardware vendors specifically defined a parallel programming API model called OpenMP. Recently, OpenMP version 3.0 included a new feature, i.e., task level parallelism, for parallelizing unstructured programs. This research focuses on using a particular instrumented library, together with the OpenMP run-time lib rary, for a specific GNU Co mp iler Co llection (GCC) and constructs a visualization tool for presenting the performance during task level parallelism. In order to verify the capability of the GNU OpenMP (GOMP) Profiler, Barcelona OpenMP Task Suits (BOTS) were used and analysed. Four different metrics were used in order to eliminate the unnecessary overheads and understand the behavior of BOTS. Thus, by using this profiler, a p rogrammer can understand the code better and rearrange the code in order to avoid the extra co mputations involved during the parallel execution. Thus, task level parallelis m can be improved greatly.


Road pricing is one of the market-based traffic control measures that can influence travel behavior to alleviate congestion on roads. This paper addresses the effects of uniform (constant, fixed) and time-varying (step) tolls on the travel behavior of users on the road network. The problem of determining optimal prices in a dynamic traffic network is considered by applying second-best tolling scenarios imposing tolls only to a subset of links on the network and considering elastic demand. The optimal toll design problem is formulated as a bilevel optimization problem with the road authority (on the upper level) setting the tolls and the travelers (on the lower level) who respond by changing their travel decisions (route and departure time choice). To formulate the optimal toll design problem, the so-called mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) formulation was used, considering the dynamic nature of traffic flows on the one hand and dynamic pricing on the other. Until now, the MPEC formulation has been applied in static cases only. The model structure comprises three interrelated levels: (a) dynamic network loading, (b) route choice and departure time choice, and (c) road pricing level. For solving the optimal toll design problem in dynamic networks, a simple search algorithm is used to determine the optimal toll pattern leading to optimization of the objective function of the road authority subject to dynamic traffic assignment constraints. Nevertheless, uniform and time-varying pricing is analyzed, and a small hypothetical network is considered.


Background and Purpose—Patients with non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) are at increased risk for stroke. Hyperuricemia is a common finding in NIDDM, but its significance as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease has remained uncertain. Therefore, we investigated serum urate as a predictor of stroke in NIDDM patients free of clinical nephropathy (ie, with a serum creatinine level of ≤120 μmol/L). Methods—In this population-based study, cardiovascular risk factors were determined in 1017 patients (551 men and 466 women) with NIDDM, aged 45 to 64 years at baseline. The patients were followed up for 7 years with respect to stroke events. Results—During the follow-up period, 31 NIDDM patients (12 men [2.2%] and 19 women [4.1%]) died from stroke and 114 NIDDM patients (55 men [10.0%] and 59 women [12.7%]) had a fatal or nonfatal stroke. The incidence of stroke increased significantly by quartiles of serum uric acid levels (P 29...


Objective:To establish a HPLC method for simultaneous determination of vanillic acid and protocatechuic acid in Capparis spinosa.Method: The samples were separated on a C18 column(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm),the mobile phase was consisted of methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid with gradient elution at the flow rate of 0.8 mL · min-1 and the detection wavelength was set at 258 nm.Result: The calibration curves for vanillic acid and protocatechuic acid were linear in the range of 0.001 50-0.009 00,0.005 80-0.034 8 μg respectively.All the correlation coefficient were 0.999 9,and the average recoveries(n=3) were 105% and 103% with corresponding RSDs of 1.90% and 1.81% respectively.Conclusion: The method is simple,accurate and sensitive and can be used to determine the content of the vanillic acid and protocatechuic acid in C.spinosa.


Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has affected health systems and impacted health service utilization (HSU) globally. The aim of this scoping review is to synthesize the available evidence on HSU in sub-Saharan Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic focusing on (1) changes in HSU compared to the pre-pandemic period, (2) changes in HSU amongst particular patient groups studied, and (3) identify factors determining changes in HSU as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The Scoping review is guided by the methodological framework developed by Arskey and O'Malley. We have searched for relevant studies in PubMed(MEDLINE), EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science and for grey literature on governmental and organizational websites. Search terms combined synonyms for three main concepts: (1) 'COVID-19 pandemic', (2) 'health service utilization', and (3) 'sub-Saharan Africa'. Two reviewers independently screened articles at the title and abstract stage for inclusion into full text screening for data extraction. We provide a general descriptive overview, tabular summaries and thematic analysis of the extracted data. Results We identified a total of 21,440 titles. After removal of duplicates, 14,626 titles and abstracts are currently being screened. Data extraction and analysis will be completed before the conference. We will provide a comprehensive overview of studies on health service utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic conducted in sub-Saharan Africa. We will describe the settings and methods used by identified studies, analyze the types of diseases studied (communicable, non-communicable, and injuries), and present the discussed reasons for changes in health service utilization. Conclusions This review is the first to describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HSU in sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding the effects of the pandemic on HSU is important to support the development of better policies for pandemic preparedness and response in the region.


An 11-year-old, spayed female Dalmatian was presented with suspected acetaminophen toxicosis. The dog was severely depressed. Methemoglobinemia, facial edema, and hemoglobinuria responded to treatment with intravenous fluids, N-acetylcysteine, ascorbic acid, and sodium bicarbonate. There was no clinical evidence of hepatic damage typical of acetaminophen toxicity in the dog.


This study aimed to characterize the use of pesticides in milk farms of agreste region of Pernambuco State, Brazil, and quantify residues of pesticides organophosphates (OP) and carbamates (CB) in raw milk, st ill est imate consumer 's health risk through Probable Daily Intake (PDI). On 28 milk farms and 2 community milk coolers on Pernambuco were collected 30 samples of milk. The quantification of OP and CB in the samples was performed by gas chromatography (GC). Of 30 milk samples analyzed, 12 (40%) were found residues, six (20%) positive for OP, five (16,7%) for CB and one for both. The pesticides found in milk and their respective averages in ng/ml were: 0.04 for coumaphos, 0.01 for dimethoate, 0.06 for fenthion, 0.02 for malathion, 0.02 for aldicarb, 0.02 for carbaryl and 0.01 for carbofuran. When Probable Daily Intake of active principal found in milk samples was compared to its Acceptable Daily Intake, there was no r isk to any age, considering the brazilian consumption per capita, the consumption per capita from Pernambuco and the recommended daily intake by Brazilian ministry of health.


The Ni-Nd2O3 nanocomposite coatings were prepared by electrodeposition in combination ultrasonic field.The Nd2O3 content and surface morphology of Ni-Nd2O3 nanocomposite coatings were analyzed by a scanning electron microscope.The tribological properties and wear mechanism of Ni-Nd2O3 nanocomposite coatings were studied.The results show that combination ultrasonic field can affect the microhardness,Nd2O3 content,surface morphology and wear resistance of Ni-Nd2O3 nanocomposite coatings.Compared with no-ultrasound and single-ultrasound conditions,the nanocomposite coatings under the synergy and cavitation effect of combination ultrasonic field have refiner grains,more compact microstructure,higher Nd2O3 content and greater microhardness.The Ni-Nd2O3 nanocomposite coating prepared by electrodeposition in combination ultrasonic field exhibits excellent tribological properties,which has low friction coefficient and wear rate.


During the last years, both the technological development and the greater availability of geospatial information have led to the emergence of new application areas for remote sensing techniques. This is also relevant in the case of thermal remote sensing. Applications such as crop tracking require a greater availability of thermal information with spatial resolutions appropriate for a more local level scope. However, and despite the increasing availability of remote sensing products that have appeared and are expected to appear in the coming years, thermal infrared data continue to be available at lower spatial resolutions than the visible and nearinfrared data. Numerous authors have developed or tested methods to extract information at the sub-pixel level by using complementary remote sensing products with suitable results for using in applications at higher scales. Most of these methods are based on correlations between some vegetation indexes, such as NDVI, and radiative temperatures for a given cover. They are based on traditional mathematical models, such as linear or quadratic regression. Despite newer analysis tools like Support Vector Machines (SVM) or Neural Networks (NN) have become relevant in the last decade, their application on thermal remote sensing is in an relatively early stage of research and the use of traditional methods remains nowadays. The objective of this study is carrying out a comparison of these methods. A downscaling process from a MODIS temperature product scene has been developed using different methodologies. The results have been evaluated using "in situ" (ground-truth) temperature measurements showing an estimate of the accuracy and the potential of two different techniques. CONCLUSIONS The lack of pixels with NDVI values higher than 0.7 and lower than 0.1 difficults to estimate the best adjustment curve in both cases. A higher number of control points would have been advisable. We are working to get a wide range of ground-truth temperatures to better estimate the accuracy of the models. However, it can be concluded that these methodologies present difficulties to deal with extreme temperatures. These preliminary results show that model 2 works better at the lower ground LSTs, but model 1 seems to work better at the higher LSTs. Model 2 shows less dispersion than model 1. The differences between model and ground LSTs for both models are a consequence of these dispersions and the range of the data used for the regressions in terms of both LST and NDVI. REFERENCES Bayala,M.I, Rivas, R.E. (2014). Enhanced sharpening procedures on edge difference and water stress index basis over heterogeneous landscape of sub‐humid region, Egypt. J. Remote Sensing Space Sci. (2), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2014.05.00 Agam, N., Kustas, W. P., Anderson, M. C., Li, F., & Neale, C. M. U. (2007a). A vegetation index based technique for spatial sharpening of thermal imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment, 107(4), 545–558. Jeganathan, C., Hamm, N. A. S., Mukherjee, S., Atkinson, P. M., Raju, P. L. N., & Dadhwal, V. K. (2011). Evaluating a thermal image sharpening model over a mixed agricultural landscape in India. International Journal of Applied Earth Observations and Geoinformation, Vol. 13, Issue 2, 178-191. M. Bisquert, J.M. Sánchez, V. Caselles, R. López-Urrea (2015), Evaluation of disaggregated thermal images for evapotranspiration estimation in Barrax test site. SPIE Proceedings, Vol. 9637, Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Hydrology XVII; 96370P. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2195068. M. Bisquert, J.M. Sánchez, Niclòs R., V. Caselles (2015), Assesment of disaggregation methods to downscale MODIS land Surface temperatura to high spatial resolution VIS/NIR sensors. Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 17. M.I. Bayala, R.Rivas, & R. Niclòs, Enhanced Edge based algorithm for termal image sharpening. 10th Conference on Geostatistics for Environmental Applications‐ GeoENV 2014. J.M. Sánchez, J. González, J.M. Galve, D. Hernández, M. Bisquert, R. Niclòs, Explorando nuevas posibilidades en la estimación de la temperatura de superficie (LST) en zonas agrícolas. Análisis multiescala. Actas del XVII Congreso de la Asociación Española de Teledetección, 113-117. STUDY AREA AND DATA USED The study was carried out in the experimental farm "Las Tiesas", in the municipality of Barrax (Albacete, Spain; 39°02'57.4"N, 2°04'59.2"W). Ground-truth temperature measurements were taken "in situ" at eight different points of the farm and in different land uses. The measurements were taken along transects on July 26, 2016 coinciding with the pass of the satellites EOS-Terra and Copernicus Sentinel-2, with MODIS and MSI, respectively MODIS NDVI 250 m MSI NDVI 10 m MODIS LST 1000 m NDVI Piñuela F. #1, Niclòs R.1, Sánchez J.M.2, Coll C.1, Degano M.F.3, Rivas R.E.3, Bayala M.3 1 Faculty of Physics. University of Valencia Earth Physics and Thermodynamics Department 2 Regional Development Institute, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Applied Physics Department/SpainEarth Physics and Thermodynamics 3 Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras – Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas (CIC)/Argentina # email@example.com


In order to study the influence of fly ash content and desert sand replacement ratio on the static elastic deformation of desert sand high strength concrete, experiments on 28d static compression modulus of desert sand high strength concrete with different fly ash content and desert sand replacement ratio were carried out. The regulation on the influence of fly ash content and desert sand replacement ratio on 28d static compression modulus of desert sand high strength concrete was analyzed. Experimental results showed that with the increase of desert sand replacement ratio, 28d static elastic modulus of desert sand high strength concrete increased firstly, then declined. With the enhancement of fly ash content, 28d static elastic modulus of desert sand high strength concrete declined.


Microgrid is an emerging technology in the field of electrical engineering which employs the concept of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in order to generate electricity in a small sized power system. The main objectives of this dissertation are to: 1design a new control for lower level control of DERs in microgrids, 2implement distributed upper level control for DERs in microgrids and 3apply analytical approaches in order to analyze DERs in microgrids. The control in each DER can be divided into two main categories: lower and upper level. Lower level control is the main objective of control in each DER. For example, the lower level control in Photovoltaic (PV) is in charge of transferring the maximum power from sun into the main grid. Unlike the lower level control, the upper level control is an additional control loop on top of the lower level controls. For example, Voltage/Frequency (VF) controllers are installed on top of Active/Reactive (PQ) power controller in energy storage devices as upper level control. In this dissertation, for the lower level control improvements, two widely used DERs are selected (PV, and offshore wind farm) and new control algorithms are developed in order to improve the performance of lower level controllers in these DERs. For the PV lower level improvement, a new control methodology is proposed in order to minimize the maximum power tracking error in PV lower level controller. Second contribution in lower level control is for the offshore wind farm applications based on Multi-Terminal High Voltage Direct Current (MTDC) transmission; a new control is designed in order to minimize the losses in transmission lines through lower level control of High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) converters. For the upper level control, this dissertation considers the energy storage as another mostly used type of DER in microgrids. The lower level control for energy storage is in charge of controlling the PQ of the energy storage. The main contribution in the upper level control is to implement the distributed control algorithm based on consensus theory for battery energy storages in order to maximize the efficiency, energy management as well as synchronizing the performance of parallel


Valaskakis contributes an essay on the problematic imagery of the "Indian princess" versus the squaw, while Burgess writes on the myth of Calamity Jane and the Cowgirl in North American culture. Includes a bookwork by Ojibway artist/performer Belmore. Biographical notes. Bibl. 2 p.


OBJECTIVE To determine the content and relevant substances of Magnesium salt ascorbic acid phosphate for Injection.METHODS A HPLC method was established,using Waters C18 as analysis column and Acetic acid sodium salt solution as mobile phase.The flow rate was 0.8mL·min-1,the detection wavelength was 254nm and Chromato graphic column column temperature for 30℃.RESULTS The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.6~3.0mg·mL-1 for Magnesium salt ascorbic acid phosphate(r=0.9999).CONCLUSION The method is rapid,accurate and convenient,and can be used for the quantitative analysis of Magnesium salt ascorbic acid phosphate.


In this paper, a novel design and development of a fuzzy logic controller using static synchronous series compensators (SSSC) to damp out the swinging oscillations in a FACTS based integrated multi-machine power system when a three-phase line to line ground fault takes place at one of the generators in the power system is proposed. The multi-machine power system considered consists of three generators, three inductive transformers, nine buses, four loads and two POD based SSSC fuzzy coordinated controllers. Oscillations in power systems have to be taken a serious note of concern when the fault takes place in any part of the system; else this might lead to the instability mode and shutting down of the power system. The hybrid combination of a fuzzy coordination scheme with a static synchronous series compensator is proposed in this paper to suppress the swinging oscillations upon the occurrence of a fault at one of the generator side, say near the first generator (i.e. between the first generator and the three-phase load). Simulink models are developed with and without the fuzzy control by considering the occurrence of a fault. Three types of faults are considered, as LLLG (Line-Line-Line to Ground), LLG (Double Line to Ground) and LG (Line to Ground) faults. These faults are made to occur for a period of 0.2ms and then cleared. Simulations are performed with and without the fuzzy controller during the fault conditions. The results are compared for the effectiveness of the fault occurrence and the controller. Finally, the conclusions are given. The digital simulation results observed show the effectiveness of the method presented in this paper. I. INTRODUCTION Power systems is continuously expanding and upgrading to cater for the ever-growing power demands in the world. There has been considerable interest in the application of high-power semiconductor technology in designing controllers for the stability of large-scale power systems. Advanced power electronic devices, such as the SSSC, can now be used for the control of transmission


In order to detect the weak signal contaminated by strong background noise, and simultaneously reduce the cost of hardware system, an effective de-noising system based on Labview software platform is established. In this paper, we designed synchronous averaging algorithm-based virtual instrument programs using to implement de-noising efficiently, and extract signal successfully, which has been verified by experiment. The data is sampled by the data-acquisition card PCI 5112 made by National Instruments, and processed by the system. Using this technique, we got the signal well, and reduced background noise obviously.


Seven sages of the bamboo grove is a certain group which has a great influence.Their achievements on literature,philosophy and arts,and their living attitude and living way and their spirit and their pursuits have important position and big influence to the Chinese art.This article makes researches on the attribute,political attitude and metaphysics in Wei and Jin dynasties and their literature achievements and their influence to the later culture,and then points out some problems and shortcomings to improve the researches about them.


The causes of dementia are divided into genetic factors and cognitive factors. To prevent dementia by reducing the cognitive factors, the authors of this chapter have developed the coimagination method to activate three cognitive functions that decline at an early stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI): episodic memory, division of attention, and planning function. The coimagination method supports interactive conversation through expressing feelings about images according to a theme. Allocated time periods and turns for each participant are predetermined so that all participants play the roles of both speaker and listener. Measuring the interactivity of conversation qualitatively and quantitatively has been quite difficult, but conversation interactivity may indicate the intensity of cognitive activities. This paper proposes the conversation interactivity measuring method (CIMM) to measure the intensity of cognitive activities employed during conversation using the coimagination method. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60960-559-9.ch043


CFRP disks with a diameter of up to 1 m and rotational speeds aimed for up to 500 Hz are studied for their vibration behavior. Membrane stiffening caused by centrifugal forces is quantified. An improved design is achieved by numerical design optimization methods, which additionally take into account strength and manufacturing constraints. The computed results are validated by experimental testing. The maximum rotational speed could be increased by 25 %.


Transformative Service Research (TSR) is usually focussed on positive consumer outcomes. However, not all service experiences are positive experiences for the consumer or have resulted in improved well-being. Social marketing services including preventative health services such as bowel cancer screening struggle to engage men to access their service and co-create value. In fact, this research found that in some cases value was destroyed for male health consumers through intentional and unintentional misuse of resources. Health literature indicates masculine identity is a barrier to men's help-seeking in preventative health services. However, there is little investigation into the role of masculine identity and the value destruction process in transformative services. Through thematic analysis of focus group interviews with 39 older men, this research investigates the role different masculine identities play in destroying value in preventative health services, finding that being tough is not terrific for mature men's health and well-being.


The article analyzes the transformational shifts in the higher education system of Ukraine and presents proposals for their extension and support. A review of legislative, regulatory and policy documents governing and directing the processes of ensuring the quality of higher education has been carried out. The idea of the depth and effectiveness of reform measures and the processes of improving the quality of higher education is formulated. It was stated that the Ukrainian higher education system has come close to academic traditions and modern practice of organizing the functioning of higher education in the European university system. The steps to enhance and further ensure the quality of higher education in Ukraine are identified. The importance and urgent need for attracting to cooperation and specific participation of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, line ministries, the Ministry of Social Policy, employment organizations and trade unions of scientific and pedagogical workers of Ukraine in creating and supporting a training system and practical training of future specialists in the workplace, respectively chosen specialty and forecasting current and future long-term needs for training specialists, interest te business to finance higher education. It is emphasized that the quality assurance system of higher education can be achieved only if a motivational system of scientific and pedagogical workers is created to constantly and systematically improve the quality of education. The reasons that lead to insufficient attention to the innovation of the learning processes of students are identified. They include: the issue of continuing education of teachers, improving the standardization of their working time, solving the problem of free publication of the results of scientific research, deepening motivational factors and remuneration of teachers in higher education institutions and others. It is proved that the solution of these problems will create a dynamically updated quality management system of higher education in Ukraine at the level of European quality standards.


Significance Hemagglutinin (HA), the major influenza virus envelope glycoprotein, is the principal target of neutralizing antibodies. Wide diversity and variation of HA entails annual vaccination, as current vaccines typically fail to elicit/boost cross-reactive, broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). Although several bnAbs bind at the conserved stem of HA making it an attractive universal vaccine candidate, the metastable conformation of this domain imposes challenges in designing a stable, independently folding HA stem immunogen. We rationally designed a stem-fragment immunogen, mimicking the native HA stem that binds conformation-specific bnAbs with high affinity. The immunogen elicited bnAbs and conferred robust protection against lethal, heterologous virus challenge in vivo. Additionally, soluble bacterial expression of such a thermotolerant, disulfide-free immunogen allows for rapid scale-up during pandemic outbreak. Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) is the primary target of the humoral response during infection/vaccination. Current influenza vaccines typically fail to elicit/boost broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs), thereby limiting their efficacy. Although several bnAbs bind to the conserved stem domain of HA, focusing the immune response to this conserved stem in the presence of the immunodominant, variable head domain of HA is challenging. We report the design of a thermotolerant, disulfide-free, and trimeric HA stem-fragment immunogen which mimics the native, prefusion conformation of HA and binds conformation specific bnAbs with high affinity. The immunogen elicited bnAbs that neutralized highly divergent group 1 (H1 and H5 subtypes) and 2 (H3 subtype) influenza virus strains in vitro. Stem immunogens designed from unmatched, highly drifted influenza strains conferred robust protection against a lethal heterologous A/Puerto Rico/8/34 virus challenge in vivo. Soluble, bacterial expression of such designed immunogens allows for rapid scale-up during pandemic outbreaks.


Object To research the correlation between blocking effeCt of six kinds of Chinese herbs and trace elements in the herbs.Mehtod Using the carcinogenesis model induced by N-nitrososarcosine ethylester (NSEE) in mouse forestomach, the blocking effects of six kinds of herbs, including Hedyotis diffusa (Hd), Mursdenia tenacissima (Mt), Mylabris phalerata (MP), Rabdosia rubescens (Rr), Cordyceps sinemsis (Cs), Sophora subprostratachun (Ss) were studied. Then, four kinds of elements in 6 kinds of herbs were measured by inductively coupled argon plasma (ICP-AES) At last, a line correlation analysis was performed between the inhibitory carcinogenesis rate (ICR) and contents of the elements.Results The rates of carcinogenesis in all herb guoups were lower than that in control group (P0. 05). A positive correlation between ICR and contents of Se (0.30~1.48 μg. g-1) and Mn (29.2~34.2 μg. g-1) was funded (r=0.923 and 0.794, P0.025 and 0.0025), while no correlation between ICR and Mo and Zn.Coeclusion (1) All the six kinds of herbs hale a blocking effect on mouse forestomach carcinogenesis in varying degree; (2) The blocking. effect may be related to these herbs' contents of Se and Mn.


HE: importance of ionizing radiation as a T nieans of destroying, as well a s inducing, malignant neoplasms is well recognized. T h e mechanisms, however, by which these effects are brought about are still subject to investigation. Utilization of a variety of small laboratoty animals is neccssary and desirable in rescarch efforts along these lines because species specificity aBects both endeavors equally. The effects of total-body irradiation represent one of the important base-line data i n such investigations. IYith respect to mice, the anirnal species most frequently used in these studies, correlation of physical exposure factors with mortality rates'. 21 and satislactory reproducibility of the lethal effect5 was established in previous investigations. Next to mice, guinea pigs m a y be used advantageously. This animal species a p p r s of interest for a number of reasons. First, their larger size (about twenty tinies that ot' niicc) lacilitatcs studies concerned with the influence of the 11ody volume on the lethal ellect. Set.ond, after total-body irradiation guinea pigs exhibit a pronomcctl hemorrhagic syndrome; they also show a greater sensitivity t o histamine, which appears of interest in view of the role played by this pharmacologically active substance in the production of indirect irradiation effects2 With respect to thcse two properties, guinea pigs reseniblc man rnorc closely than do mice. Third, the guinea pig is of special interest with respect to its peculiari tie\ in the utilization of vitamins. This char;I( teristic appears noteworthy for the further eluc idation of the mechanisnis of radiation death, as .well as for the induction of malignant neoplasms. T h e purpose o f the present study is to demonstrate that the guinea pig can be utilited in medical radiation biolqgy with a degree 01 accuracy similar to that ot mice.


To celebrate the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Journal of Planning Education and Research (JPER) we chose a silver cover and invited former editors to reflect on the journal. We asked them to look back on their editorial experience and the evolution of JPER. The array of their responses provides insight into not only the history and development of JPER but also the journal's meaning for the planning academy and the field of planning.


Duchamp, Gerard H. E.; Poinsot, Laurent; Solomon, Allan I.; Penson, Karol A.; Blasiak, Pawel andHorzela, Andrzej (2010). Ladder operators and endomorphisms in combinatorial Physics. Discrete Mathemat-ics & Theoretical Computer Science, 12(2), pp. 23–46.For guidance on citations see FAQs.c 2010 Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science (DMTCS)Version: Version of RecordLink(s) to article on publisher's website:http://www.dmtcs.org/dmtcs-ojs/index.php/dmtcs/article/view/1353Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copy-right owners. For more information on Open Research Online's data policy on reuse of materials please consultthe policies page.


This research aims to minimize the unnecessary resource consumption by intelligent Power Grid Systems (PGSs). Edge Computing (EC) technology is used to forecast PGS load and optimize the PGS load forecasting model. Following a literature review of EC and Internet of Things (IoT)-native edge devices, an intelligent PGS-oriented Resource Management Scheme (RMS) and PGS load forecasting model are proposed based on task offloading. Simultaneously, an online delay-aware power Resource Allocation Algorithm (RAA) is developed for EC architecture. Finally, comparing three algorithms corroborate that the system overhead decreases significantly with the model iteration. From the 40th iteration, the system overhead stabilizes. Moreover, given no more than 50 users, the average user delay of the proposed delay-aware power RAA is less than 13 s. The average delay of the proposed algorithm is better than that of the other two algorithms. This research contributes to optimizing intelligent PGS in smart cities and improving power transmission efficiency.