The method of controlling the core clock from the multi-core CPU is disclosed, including a first zero dynamic clock and voltage scaling step of executing the first DCVS algorithm on a step, and a first core that is running (DCVS) algorithm on the 0 core You may. Wherein 0 DCVS algorithm may be operable to control the 0th clock frequency associated with the 0th core independently, the first DCVS algorithm may be operable to control the first clock frequency associated with the first core independently have.


Acute ischemic stroke is a medical emergency. Early reperfusion therapy can reduce functional disability, and early secondary prevention therapy can reduce early recurrent stroke. The rate of recurrent stroke in the first month is approximately 9.4% (95% CI, 6%-14%) among patients with ischemic stroke caused by large-artery atherosclerosis and approximately 1.2% (95% CI, 0.4%-3.0%) among patients with ischemic stroke caused by intracranial small vessel disease.1 Because some effective early prevention therapies may be risky or costly (eg, carotid revascularization or dual antiplatelet therapy) and some patients have a low risk of recurrent stroke, targeting risky or costly treatments to patients at high risk of recurrent stroke who are most likely to benefit is desirable. However, experienced physicians are unable to accurately discriminate or separate patients with ischemic stroke at high and low risk of recurrent stroke.2 Clinical prediction models, also known as prognostic scores, which combine multiple risk factors to estimate the absolute risk of future stroke, might improve risk prediction. Recent evidence indicates that the ABCD2 score, calculated from 5 clinical features (age, blood pressure, clinical features, duration of transient ischemic attack, and presence of diabetes mellitus), does not reliably discriminate patients at low and high risk,3 and the predictive power of several other prognostic tools is modest.4 More promising are prognostic scores that incorporate information about the nature and activity of the vascular disease causing the index stroke, such as the ABCD3–I score and the Recurrence Risk Estimator (RRE).5-10 The RRE was developed from a derivation cohort of 1257 patients with ischemic stroke at a single US tertiary care center.7 It discriminated between patients who had a recurrent stroke at 90 days from those who did not with 80% (95% CI, 73%86%) probability.7 These estimates are significantly better than chance (50% probability) but not perfect (100% probability). Nevertheless, the clinical utility of the RRE should not be judged by how well it performed in the cohort from which it was derived (internal validity) but by how well it performs in other patient cohorts (external validity).11 In this issue of JAMA Neurology, Arsava et al12 report the performance of the RRE in predicting 90-day recurrent stroke in an independent test cohort of 1468 patients with ischemic stroke who were hospitalized in the United States, South Korea, and Brazil. All patients had a qualifying acute (<72 hours) ischemic stroke confirmed by brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a standardized assessment of potential prognostic factors, and RRE score calculated by an investigator masked to follow-up status. Any clinical diagnosis of recurrent ischemic stroke within 90 days was adjudicated by an investigator masked to knowledge of the baseline RRE score and confirmed in 59 patients. Patients were classified as low risk (RRE score of 0; 540 [36.8%]), medium risk (RRE score of 1-2; 758 [51.6%]), and high risk (RRE score of 3-6; 170 [11.6%]). The cumulative 90-day recurrent stroke rate was 4.2% (95% CI, 3.2%-5.2%) overall but increased with higher RRE scores from 0.8% (95% CI, 0.0%-1.6%) in patients with RRE scores of 0 to 25.0% (95% CI, 11.7%38.3%) in patients with RRE scores of 4 or higher. The RRE discriminated between patients who had a stroke at 90 days from those who did not, with a probability of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.70-0.82).12 These results were consistent among patients in the United States and combined Korean and Brazilian cohorts, patients who were recruited at the beginning and end of the study, patients who underwent early (<24 hours) brain MRI, and patients who had a recurrent stroke unrelated to a vascular intervention.12 These results12 are also consistent with the discriminative performance of the RRE in 2 cohorts of patients with recent transient ischemic attack and positive diffusion-weighted imaging results (ie, transient symptoms with infarction).8,13 Evidence is therefore mounting to support the RRE as an externally valid and generalizable predictor of early recurrent stroke in patients with acute ischemic stroke. The RRE is simple to use, requiring only 2 clinical and 4 imaging variables. It is also plausible as a prognostic instrument because the variables reflect the cause of the stroke1 and its activity and instability. The cause of the ischemic stroke is captured by the Causative Classification System (1 point if the cause is larger artery atherosclerosis1,14 or uncommon causes, such as arterial dissection, arteritis, and prothrombotic disorders), the activity and stability of the underlying cause is captured by the presence of recent prior transient ischemic attack or stroke in the preceding month (1 point) and MRI evidence of multiple infarcts of different ages (1 point), and the embolic nature of the underlying cardiovascular lesion or multifocal activity of any intracranial arterial disease is captured by brain MRI evidence of isolated cortical infarcts (1 point), multiple acute infarcts (1 point), and simultaneous acute infarcts in different circulations (1 point).7,12 The statistical performance of the RRE is good but limited. One limitation is that most recurrent strokes occurred in patients classified by the RRE at low or medium risk (RRE scores, 0-2). This finding is because the excess risk of recurrent stroke associated with the clinical and imaging preRelated article Opinion


Bench and pilot scale experiments were conducted to investigate and compare the preoxidation effects of potassium permanganate (KMnO 4 ) and ozone (O 3 ) for odor removal in drinking water. The effects of dosage, contact time, pH, as well as couple treatment with a granular activated carbon (GAC) filter were examined using bench experiments, while the effects of KMnO 4 dosing points and a preozonation coupled process were investigated in pilot scale tests. Results revealed that both preoxidants at appropriate dosage worked well for odor removal because of the strong oxidizing ability and the intermediates generated in the process. The preozonation rate of O 3 was much faster than that of KMnO 4 . Preoxidation by KMnO 4 was largely affected by pH because of the amount of hydrated manganese dioxide generated, which contributed to the adsorption of odorants. Pilot scale tests were highly synchronous with results of bench scale tests.


The antimalarial prophylactic agent pyrimethamine is no longer effective against Plasmodium falciparum in pregnant Nigerian women. Worthy of consideration as a substitute is proguanil. The author reports the results of a double-blind trial of antimalarial prophylaxis (initial curative chloroquine followed by 100 mg of proguanil/day) iron supplements (60 mg/day) and folic acid supplements 1 mg/day) in 200 Nigerian primigravidae in early pregnancy. The prevalence of P falciparum parasitemia was reduced in these women from 32-35% at 28 weeks of gestation to 2% at 36 weeks. Severe anemia declined from 18% to 3% during this period. The incidence of megaloblastic erythropoiesis at delivery and of severe postpartum anemia was also significantly reduced in treated women compared to untreated controls. In addition the mean birthweight was slightly higher (132 grams higher) in the treated group. The prophylactic use of therapeutic agents such as chloroquine should be discouraged beyond the 1st prenatal visit given the emergence of chloroquine-resistant strains of malaria. A combination of proguanil and sulfisoxazole has been highly effective in Thai children and deserves further investigation in pregnant women.


The main aim of this study is the assessment of the concentration and pollution levels of heavy metals in the sediments of River Gora. The result of the samples in ppm was exported from Microsoft Excel to SPSS Version 20. Twelve heavy metals from 24 locations were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). Before PCA was done, the suitability of the data for factor analysis was assessed. Four component factors extracted revealed the following heavy metal associations, namely: component 1 (Fe, Cr, Sr, Cu and Zn), component 2 (Fe, Cu, V, Mo, Zn, As and Mn), component 3 (Ni, Sr, Cu, Pb, As and Mn) and component 4 (Ni, Sr, Zn and Sb). While some of the heavy metals were from lithogenic origin, others were from anthropogenic and mixed sources. The computed enrichment factors revealed that V, Cu, Mo, Sb, Fe and Mn are enriched while Cr, Ni, Zn, As, Sr and Pb suffered depletion in the study area. The results revealed the pollution index for V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, Mo, Pb, Fe and Mn on scale of unpolluted to moderately polluted without environmental health risk; however, Sb indicated extremely high pollution level. Keywords Heavy Metals, Pollution Index, Health Risk, River Gora, Minna, Nigeria


t m C l f o l t m ndividuals with chronic viral hepatitis and other forms f liver disease are at risk for developing hepatocellular arcinoma (HCC). When HCC presents with clinical ymptoms, the tumor is typically very far advanced and he patient has few therapeutic options. Thus, screening nd surveillance for HCC would appear to very approprite. However, there is no definitive evidence that surveilance improves patient outcomes and current techiques lack sensitivity and specificity. Nonetheless, erial measurement of -fetoprotein (AFP) levels in seum and hepatic ultrasound have become routine pracice, despite a lack of evidence of their overall benefit. learly, better methods are needed for early diagnosis f HCC. Improved technology will ultimately have to be ested for improved patient outcome before becoming idely recommended.


This expensively-produced and correspondingly-priced volume is not likely to be purchased by many physicians because there is a marked discrepancy between the cost and the value of the contents. The book is interesting in many ways, paradoxically because it is for the most part disappointing. Although it is good to have all the lectures in one volume and all in English, the contents of nearly all the lectures have been presented elsewhere in individual review papers and in other lectures in much greater detail than in this volume. The biographies of the Nobel laureates are in most cases mere factual summaries that do little to explain how the discoveries celebrated in this volume came to be made. Likewise the speeches that preceded each presentation discuss the prize-winning works but do not enlighten the reader about how the discoveries came to be made. In fact, this is achieved only in


Ecological environment brings up the Horchin color culture which keeps the worship of black color.It shows that Mongolian people worshiped black color in the ancient times;white color in mediaeval times.The two separated with the changing from hunting to nomadic life and gradually the development of the animal husbandry made the worship of white color more stable.Religiously,worship of black color was weakened by the decline of Horchin tribe while worship of white color became popular and strengthened with the Lama religion.The worship of black,white and blue color are all the customs of Mongolian people.


The construction of wireless network is the mainstream direction of future communication development, and link optimization provides a basis for information exchange between the next generation of intelligent mobile terminals and base stations. This paper studies the link scheduling problem based on data analysis. First, after deriving the traditional optimal power allocation strategy and improving the genetic algorithm to obtain a new model, this paper proposes an optimization scheme calculation that is suitable for resource sharing among nodes, and can also consider the impact of time utility and other factors on the global availability, network topology and quality of service to minimize the overhead, and applies it to the wireless communication network for example verification. The experimental results show that the distributed intelligent scheduling algorithm for wireless communication network link resources based on data analysis performs very well in terms of running time and system processing efficiency, which can reach more than 90% efficiency.


Objective : To explore the extent to which micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) affect children's health-related quality of life (HRQoL), using Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) as a case study. Design: Proxy valuation study to estimate the impact of VDD on the HRQoL of younger (0-4 years) and older (>4 years) children. We used the Child Health Utility 9 Dimension (CHU9D) questionnaire to estimate the HRQoL for children within six VDD related health states: 'hypocalcaemic cardiomyopathy', 'hypocalcaemic seizures', 'active rickets', 'bone deformities', 'pain and muscle weakness', and 'sub-clinical VDD'. Setting : Sampling was not restricted to any particular setting and worldwide experts were recruited. Subjects: Respondents were paediatric bone experts recruited through network sampling. Results : Thirty-eight experts completed the survey. The health state with the largest detrimental impact (mean score ±SE) on children's HRQoL was hypocalcaemic cardiomyopathy (0.47 ± 0.02), followed by hypocalcaemic seizures (0.50 ± 0.02) and active rickets (0.62 ± 0.02 in young children; 0.57 ± 0.02 in older children). Asymptomatic VDD had a modest but noticeable negative impact on HRQoL, attributed mostly to tiredness in both age groups, and pain in the older paediatric population. Conclusion : Elicitation of HRQoL from clinical experts suggests a negative impact of VDD on HRQoL, even if there is no recognisable clinical manifestation. HRQoL data from populations of patients with MNDs will inform public health policy decisions. In some settings, routine collection of HRQoL data alongside national nutrition surveys may help capture the full burden of MNDs, and prioritise resources towards effective prevention.


We present a NS-2 implementation of a distributed hash table (DHT) modeled after Bamboo. NS-2 is used to evaluate the bandwidth costs involved in using a DHT in heterogeneous environments. Networks are modeled as mixed networks of desktop machines and 3G cellphones. We also document the modifications of NS-2 that were needed to simulate churn in large networks.


Plasma processing has been developed to produce selective chemistry in the inner surface of a microfluidic system. This dry process is an alternative solution to the Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) process that allows us to work at low temperatures thus avoiding the degradation of the substrate by heat. The present study focused on the surface modification of PDMS in order to make them more hydrophilic and capable to exhibit a high percentage of COOH functions which will provide a good asset for future cell attachment.


In the last decade, in light of their superior mechanical properties advanced polymer matrix composites have been indicated as the most suitable candidates as Smart Materials and Structures. However, their final properties are strongly dependent on the processing stage and key points to improve the quality and the reliability of these materials that have been identified in the cure monitoring and the optimization of the manufacturing process. Based on this line of argument, an integrated fiber optic sensing system for simultaneous refractive index and temperature measurements has been designed and developed in order to monitor the curing process of thermoset based composites. A fiber optic refractometer has been designed by using the free end of the sensing optical fiber. A theoretical model has been developed for converting refractive index changes in detailed information on the extent of the curing. Its validation has been proved by comparison with calorimetric characterization. In addition, integrated fiber Bragg gratings has been used for local temperature measurements. The interrogation of the sensing Bragg grating has been implemented by using a different fiber Bragg grating able to convert the resonance wavelength shift in intensity changes. Preliminary results are presented.


An electroluminescence (EL) phenomenon in unipolar-doped GaN/AlN/GaN double-barrier heterostructures—without any p-type contacts—was investigated from 4.2 K to 300 K. In the range of 200–300 K, the extracted peak photon energies agree with the Monemar formula. In the range of 30 to 200 K, the photon energies are consistent with A-exciton emission. At 4.2 K, the exciton type likely transforms into B-exciton. These studies confirm that the EL emission comes from a cross-bandgap (or band-to-band) electron-hole radiative recombination and is excitonic. The excitons are formed by the holes generated through interband tunneling and the electrons injected into the GaN emitter region of the GaN/AlN heterostructure devices.


The nature and complexity of various kinds of astronomical data visualizations can be challenging to communicate with people who are blind or low vision. In consultation with members from blind and low vision communities, we present an overview of 3D print, sonification and visual description projects at NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory Communications group as well as NASA's Universe of Learning, and how the 3D prints, sonifications, and descriptions are currently being used for our mission and programs. We describe how we can integrate verbal explanations of the scientific phenomena along with descriptions of what the visual viewer was seeing in the presented imagery, sonification or 3D model to create a more accessible, cohesive package. Our proposition is that this process of creating content for audiences who are blind or low-vision can and should be applied to other types of astronomy content and even a wider range of science communication content.


Community EyE HEaltH Journal | Vol 21 iSSuE 68 | DECEmBEr 2008 The question "Is quality affordable?" is loaded with dynamite! Can a person who lives on less than US $1 per day afford a high-quality cataract operation? If the answer is 'No', then do we offer that person poor or low-quality services? Do people living in poverty have a 'right' to high-quality eye or health care? If the answer is 'Yes', then at what price and who should pay? Should we ignore quality and focus on affordability? Or should we provide high-quality services in the hope that someone else will pay? These are difficult questions, which policy makers, managers, and clinicians must face and try to answer.


In this work, a morpho-anatomical study of the leaves, stems and roots of Solanum torvum Sw. was performed with the objective of providing a macroscopical and microscopical morphodiagnosis for its characterization. The species is popularly called "jurubeba-branca" in the Northeastern Brazil and is used in folk medicine to treat liver diseases, tuberculosis, and as antianemic. Anatomical studies were done by paradermic sections of the leaf blade (adaxial and abaxial surfaces), and cross sections of leaves (blade and petiole), stems and roots. The sections were clarified and stained with safranin and/ or astrablue, observed and photographed on light microscope. Histochemical tests were carried out in cross sections of leaves, stems and roots and assayed for specific reagents. The leaves are chartaceous, ovate to elliptic, with lobed margins, oblique at the base. The leaf is amphistomatic with anisocytic and anomocytic stomata simultaneously, and the epidermal cells, in face view, have anticlinal walls sinuate on the upper surface and wavy on the lower surface. The mesophyll is dorsiventral; the midrib has a central bicollateral vascular bundle; and the petiole has three or fourone. The stem shows external phloem, xylem, internal phloem and a parenchymatic pith. The root is axial and striate longitudinally and the secondary xylem is a massive cylinder. The macroscopical and microscopical vegetative characters constitute a set of diagnostic parameters to the studied species.


The novel title method, which shows a high regioselectivity and functional group tolerance, provides a simple and straightforward access to biologically relevant 5-ylidene pyrrol-2(5H)-ones.


Abstract:This essay draws on comparative ethnographic and historical research on the 1965–1966 violence in Indonesia to reassess the course and consequences of the violence in upland areas of the Pasuruan and Malang regencies (kabupaten) in the province of East Java. The essay seeks to reframe and update my earlier analysis of the violence in this territory by juxtaposing it to recent paradigm-changing studies carried out by a new generation of scholars examining the 1965-1966 violence and its aftermath. The essay makes five main points. First, it demonstrates that, even within rural settings separated by only a few kilometers, the timing and scale of the anti-communist violence varied significantly. Second, it shows that a key influence on this variation was not merely army ambitions or the relative strength of local Muslim militias, but the nature of the relationship between local Indonesian Nationalist (PNI) and Communist Party (PKI) activists in the years leading up to the killings. Third, the study reveals that, in some rural communities, there was significant ambivalence in NU circles about joining in the anti-communist campaign, because NU preachers worried that participation in the killings might undercut their recently-initiated programs of Islamic appeal (dakwah) in abangan villages. Fourth, the study confirms the demographic findings of Siddharth Chandra and Mark Winward concerning the scale and contemporary significance of the population movement within rural Java set in motion by the killings. Fifth, the essay argues that although a "conservative turn" in Muslim society since the early 2000s has set back efforts to promote reconciliation between Muslim organizations and survivors of 1965–1966 killings, the prospects remain for a modest but still thoughtful public discussion of the violence and its legacies.


The aim of this thesis is to analyze the risks, their impact on corporate activities and formulates recommendations leading to limitation of significant risks.


The purpose of this paper is to quantitatively analyze the direct and indirect effects of the driving factors on the expansion of urban construction land.Methods of documentation,path analysis,principal component analysis,and regression analysis were employed.The results indicate:(1)direct and indirect effects of economic development to the expansion of urban construction land are 0.4638,0.0251 and 0.0511,respectively;direct and indirect effects of economic development to population growth are 0.3149,0.1535 and 0.5317,respectively;and direct and indirect effects of economic development to urbanization are 0.4400,0.0365 and 0.5236,respectively;(2)economic development and urbanization(in terms of industrial structure and population)and their coupling effect are the main driving forces of the expansion of construction land;(3)land expansions for commercial,residential and industrial uses are mainly driven by economic development and population growth,meanwhile public land expansion is mainly driven by urbanization.It is concluded that this research has certain reference values for the coordination amongst built-up area expansion,economic developments,population growth and urbanization.


In the first few lines of the introduction to this volume, the editors anticipate the question typically asked of handbooks and companions, especially those dealing with such an extensively studied subject as this: "'Why yet another book on Roman Britain?'" (xvii). In response, they argue that most works on Roman Britain tend to be fairly traditional in their content and structure, generally consisting of archaeological evidence being used to support "a chronologically organised narrative of historical events, complemented by chapters on topics such as art and religion" (xvii); as such, they largely fail to represent the diverse array of theoretical approaches that has flourished within this topic in the last 30 years. This criticism is certainly not unfounded: prior to the publication of this book, the most recent general edited volume on the subject was M. Todd's Companion to Roman Britain (2003), which in its introduction downplayed the significance of theoretical approaches; upon publication, it was criticised in this journal by D. J. Mattingly for its broadly traditionalist content.1 In the present case, M. Millett, L. Revell and A. Moore propose that their new volume will go at least some way towards redressing this situation, deliberately refraining from utilising the prevailing chronological narrative structure, and instead favouring a framework based on theoretical approaches to predominantly material evidence. A concession to narrative history is made in the form of a concise but thorough timeline of Roman Britain based on historical texts (xxviii-xxxvi), but narrative is largely absent from the bulk of the book.


As the direction of World health organization (WHO) report the diseases like male infertility, brain tumor, hearing impairment, fetus issues, effect on eyes and other various parts of the human body caused by harmful radiations released by portable electronic devices. To reduce radiation
 and size, a deep scaling has been applied on MOSFETs. Due to this aggressive scaling MOSFET devices are affected by Short Channel Effects (SCE) in Nanometer regime (<10 nm). The Short Channel Effects Such as Subthreshold Swing (SS), Drain Induced barrier Lowering (DIBL) and threshold voltage
 roll-off (VT), plays a key role in determining the performance of CMOS devices. At Nano-meter scale Carbon Nano Tube FETs (CNTFETs) devices might be furnished with good control on leakage current and power consumption. The comparative analysis of Subthreshold Swing (SS), Drain Induced
 Barrier Lowering (DIBL) and Ion/Ioff ratio on Conventional Single Gate MOSFET (C-MOSFET), Double Gate MOSFET (DG-MOSFET) and CNTFET devices are presented in this paper. The results of comparative analysis show that CNTFET exhibits 133% times more Ion/Ioff
 ratio than MOSFET and very less change in Subthreshold swing and DIBL.


Due to their flexibility and openness, the RISC-V ISA and processor architectures have emerged as notable contenders in various application domains. Their advantages over commercial solutions have attracted the interest of academia and industry and even led to their planned adoption in aeronautics and space. However, in these demanding environments, system reliability is of paramount importance. To address this issue, this paper presents an overview of several hardware-centric approaches for developing reliable systems based on the parallel-ultra low power (PULP) open-source RISC-V hardware platform. These approaches range from gate-level optimizations to system-level improvements and highlight the versatility of the PULP architecture and its potential as a viable architecture for developing various aerospace platforms.


This paper presents a novel approach to constructing multilingual lexical databases using semantic frames. Starting with the conceptual information contained in the English FrameNet database, we propose a corpus-based procedure for producing parallel lexicon fragments for Spanish, German, and Japanese, which mirror the English entries in breadth and depth. The resulting lexicon fragments are linked to each other via semantic frames, which function as interlingual representations. The resulting parallel FrameNets differ from other multilingual databases in three significant points: (1) They provide for each entry an exhaustive account of the semantic and syntactic combinatorial possibilities of each lexical unit; (2) They offer for each entry semantically annotated example sentences from large electronic corpora; (3) By employing semantic frames as interlingual representations, the parallel FrameNets make use of independently existing linguistic concepts that can be empirically verified. 1


The introduction and advancement of spatial information technologies such as remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) have provided many (software) tools that assist in natural resource planning and management. GIS technology has particularly provided many cost-effective tools for evaluating land use/land cover (LU/LC) and the implications of different land use practices within a watershed (Crawford et al., 1998). In an attempt to study and/or predict the processes that occur within a watershed, hydrologic models are often used. Hydrologic models are mathematical simulations or algorithms that use measurements of local rainfall along with land use/land cover patterns, soil, topography, and drainage to predict streamflow or runoff as well as sediment loss or erosion that might be caused by a storm of a given magnitude (Campbell, 2002). Many hydrologic modeling applications require land cover information because land cover is an important variable that highly influences hydrological processes including watershed runoff and sediment loss (Ward and Elliot, 1995). Such models provide a means of estimating or predicting the impacts of certain land use/land cover changes.


Medical care at the Indy 500 is like practicing sports medicine, ambulatory care, emergency medicine, and disaster planning all at once.


Objective:To probe into the clinical performance of minimally invasive surgery centesis associated with Xingnaojing injection in clearing hypertensive thalamic intraventricular cerebral hemorrhage Methods:A retrospective analysis of 40 patients with hypertensive thalamic intraventricular cerebral hemorrhage from 2002 to 2009 that sources complete,treating by means of minimally invasive surgery centesis associated with Xingnaojing injection.Results:4 patients died accounting 10.00% in 40 case;Survival rate as per ADL after 6 months:7 patients reached ADL I,accounting 17.50%;13 patients reached ADL II,accounting 32.50%;9 patients reached ADL III,accounting 22.50%;4 patients reached ADL IV,accounting 10.00%;3 patients reached ADL V,accounting 7.50%.Conclusions:Minimally invasive surgery centesis associated with Xingnaojing injection in treating hypertensive thalamic intraventricular cerebral hemorrhage is such simple and easy treatment affecting less damage indeed as well as declining death rate and disability rate.


Wide band gap hydrogenated amorphous silicon oxide(a-SiOx:H) films were prepared by radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition(RF-PECVD) method. Nitrous oxide(N2O), hydrogen(H2), silane(SiH4) were used as source gases. With the increase of N2O/SiH4 ratio from 0.5 to 2, the optical band gap of films changed in the range of 1.93~2.65eV, and the hydrogen and oxygen contents were increased as well. The microstructure factor(R*) was used to characterize the degree of defect of films, and it was found that the increase of oxygen content could reduce the defect states. Moreover, we also studied the influence of RF power on the process of preparation. After comprehensive analysis, we got the best quality of films with optical band gap of 2.27eV and refractive index of 2.21 when N2O/SiH4 ratio is 1 and RF power is 90W. Introduction Wide band gap materials are very important for improving the photovoltaic performance of Si-based thin-film solar cells. Hydrogenated amorphous silicon oxygen alloys with wide and adjustable band gap are widely used as window layers in thin-film solar cells[1]. There are many methods for the preparation of hydrogenated amorphous silicon oxide(a-SiOx:H) films, one of which is to use the RF-PECVD method[1,2]. Its advantage lies in that films are prepared in low temperature, which can promote photoelectric properties and reduce the defects of films. Usually, works by use of CO2[3,4,5] as oxygen source gas have been reported, but rarely involved in N2O[6,7]. It is well known that various deposition parameters, like the flow rate of source gases, deposition pressure, RF power, and substrate temperature, etc, can affect the photoelectric and structural characteristics of films. In this paper, we paid more attention to the growth conditions of a-SiOx:H films prepared by PECVD method using N2O as oxygen source gas, and studied about influence of the N2O/SiH4 ratio and RF power on the optical and structural properties of films. Experimental Details The a-SiOx:H films were prepared on glass and Si substrates, respectively by RF-PECVD method, at 13.56MHz RF power with base pressure about~10Pa. Silane(SiH4), hydrogen(H2) and nitrous oxide(N2O) were used as source gases. Samples deposited on glass substrates were used for optical characterization and that deposited on Si substrates were used for analysis of Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy and refractive index. Deposition conditions for different a-SiOx:H films were summarized in Table 1. The N2O/SiH4 ratio was varied in the range of 0.5-2, and silane and hydrogen gas flow rates were kept constant at 10 and 100sccm respectively. The substrate temperature and chamber pressure were also kept constant at 200°C and 90Pa, respectively. The RF power was varied from 30 to 120W. Optical band gap was measured by UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, and refractive index of films was measured by using spectroscopic ellipsometry. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the surface morphology of the film and the 2nd Annual International Conference on Advanced Material Engineering (AME 2016) © 2016. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 986 composition analysis was obtained by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The hydrogen and oxygen contents of films were calculated through the FTIR spectroscopy as well as the microstructure factor(R*). Table 1. Deposition conditions for different a-SiOx:H films Parameter a-SiOx:H N2O/SiH4 ratio 1 1 1 1 0.5 2 RF power[W] 30 60 90 120 60 60 Temperature[°C] 200 200 200 200 200 200 Pressure[Pa] 90 90 90 90 90 90 Optical band gap[eV] 2.18 2.24 2.27 2.21 1.93 2.65 Refractive index 2.31 2.25 2.21 2.28 2.94 1.89 Oxygen content 6.7% 14.6% 18% 11.1% 8.7% 17.1% Hydrogen content 7.3% 11.2% 15.2% 21.7% 6.3% 10.7% Results and Discussion Optical band gap and refractive index of a-SiOx:H films are given in Fig.1. Optical band gap (Eg) is determined by Tauc's formula �ααhυυ1 2 ⁄ � = (BB)1 2 ⁄ (hυυ − EEEE), (1) where h is Plank's constant, υυ is optical frequency, αα is absorption coefficient, and BB is a constant. �ααhυυ1 2 ⁄ � is plotted with hυυ and a linear fit is drawn at the absorption edge region of optical frequency. The intercept of the linear plot is used as a measure of Eg. We observed an increase in optical band gap from 1.93 to 2.65eV as the N2O/SiH4 ratio is increased from 0.5 to 2. Refractive index of the films reduces from 2.94 to 1.89 by increasing the N2O/SiH4 ratio. It is known that the window layer of the solar cell requires proper optical band gap and refractive index, which would match well with the i-type layer and achieve the optimum light transmission[8]. So, in order to obtain the effective distribution of the solar spectrum, we should choose appropriate refractive index, and form the DBR(distributed Bragg reflector) structure with other absorption layers to strengthen the selective light reflection[8]. Fig.1 Optical band gap and refractive index with the different N2O/SiH4 ratio. With the help of Lucovsky's normalization constant [9], one can estimate oxygen and hydrogen


Faith in Conflict. By Carlyle Marney. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1957. 158 pages. $2.50. This book by the pastor of the First Baptist Church In Austin, Texas, is a very valuable apologetic for the Christian faith. The Faith is understood to consist in personal rapport in agape between God and man and among men. The Faith is first brought to bear upon the problem of scientific progress. The author contends that scientific procedure has no real meaning or worth in itself. If it is devoted to purely human wants and needs, it becomes the means n d for the salvation but for the destruction of mankind. Only when saience is subordinated to Faith does it become a means by which God redeems men in this present life. The Faith is next brought to bear upon the problem of evil. This is the best chapter of the book. Evil in both its individual and corporate nature is squarely faced. God is seen to be redeeming men while they are engaged in the business of living in this evil world. They are sinners indeed but they are not lost sinners. They are sinners who are being redeemed by the God who has actively entened bhe battle against evil in incarnation and atonement. The Faith is then brought to bear upon the problem of culture. Here it is a conflict between the external forms of culture which men create to achieve and to preserve human values and the divine society which God is establishing among men. It is only by our submission to God that Marney sees our hope for the creation and enjoyment of values that are truly human because they are also truly divine. The fourth conflict of Faith is with death. Dr. Marney sees that physical death is not all that is involved but that the death of affirmation of self and denial of God is the real enemy death. Death is overcome by dying to self and entering into life in the living Christ. This book should be read not only by ministers but by the average church member. It will instruct him in some of the true dimensions of the Faith and aid him in his struggle with m e of the major problems of his existence. The book is written in Mamey's usual engaging and colorful style but the real point is not lost, but rather illuminated by this style of writing. Guy H. Ranson


The articles in this special issue on unmanned flight control address the theory and practice underlying the deployment of unmanned vehicles with a focus on algorithmic issues that arise in coverage and surveillance.


OBJECTIVE
To identify social, demographic and clinical characteristics that influence survival of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

METHODS
Sixty-three patients with a diagnosis of SLE were studied at our medical services in 1999 and then reviewed in 2005. We utilized a protocol to obtain demographic and clinical traits, activity and damage indices, and health-related quality of life via the SF-36. All statistical tests were performed using a significance level of 5%.

RESULTS
Out of the 63 patients examined in 1999, six died, four were lost for the follow-up and the previous protocol was applied to the remaining 53 patients. The six patients who died presented the worst recorded health-related quality of life, in all aspects. The most important observed predictor of death was a mean lower score in the Role-Emotional Domain of the mental health component of the SF-36 (p<0.01).

CONCLUSION
Health-related quality of life may be used as possible predictive factor of mortality among patients with SLE.


The invention discloses a network attack defense and detection method and a system thereof. The method comprises the following steps: a first main device determines a first present abnormal flow of the first main device; when the first present abnormal flow is larger than or equal to a first flow threshold and is less than a second flow threshold, the first main device transmits an abnormal flow which is obtained through deducting a third flow threshold from the first present abnormal flow to a second main device; the second main device determines a second present abnormal flow of the second main device, and the second present abnormal flow comprises the abnormal flow transmitted by the first main device; when the second present abnormal flow is larger than a fourth flow threshold, that a dual module hot spare networking system is under flow attack is determined, and when the second present abnormal flow is less than the fourth flow threshold, that the dual module hot spare networking system is not under the flow attack is determined. By employing a scheme provided in an embodiment of the invention, accuracy of the main devices to carry out network attack defense and detection is raised.


In this article the author has tried to discuss an adverse impact to human rights because of climate change issues. Initially the article deals with the demerits of climate change and discusses the efficacy of human rights and how that will be affected if climate change is not controlled. Right to life and right to food are essential rights of human rights and the author has analysed these rights that how they are victims of climate change issues. It is now evidenced that climate change will definitely give negative impact to right to life and right to food, therefore, new policies to be accepted globally and in India too. In the last and remaining part of the article, author has tried to discuss the judicial pronouncements on the issue of how to mitigate the environmental crisis.


Abstract We show that the many of the canonical quantifications of interrelated concepts, centered around compactness in the setting of metric spaces, can be easily generalized to the setting of topological linear spaces. Among other things, we obtain a generalization of the Hausdorff Total Boundedness Principle, of the Grothendieck Compactness Principle, as well as of the Convex Compactness Principle for topological vector spaces.


It is hypothesized that the low-light-level performance of a solid-state imaging device can be significantly improved if it is cooled to temperatures in the range of 0 degrees to -40 degrees C, which is obtainable by a simple thermoelectric cooler design. To verify this, a linear charge-coupled photodiode array was cooled, and the dark current, dark current nonuniformity, and certain thermal spikes were measured from +40 degrees C and -40 degrees C. It was seen that the dark current decreased by three decades in this range, the dark current nonuniformity decreased by 97% from +40 degrees C to +10 degrees C, and the thermal spikes were nonexistent at -30 degrees C. Fluorescence and bright field microscopy images were also captured, and it was found that fluorescent images with an illuminance of approximately 10/sup -4/ lux can be detected at -40 degrees C and that the dynamic range of an image with a two second integration time is increased by over two decades from +40 degrees C to -40 degrees C.<<ETX>>


This paper presents the principle of liquid dehumidification,especially the application of this technology in distributed energy systems(DES).Due to DES's advantage of being close to user-end,the liquid dehumidification technology has its obvious advantage in recovering low-grade waste heat in DES,especially in southern China region where the ambient humidity is normally over 80% during spring and summer seasons.


Reaction of [Re3(μ3-S)(μ-S2)3Cl6]Cl with triethylphosphine in benzene formed [PEt3H][Re3(μ3-S)(μ-S)3Cl6(PEt3)3]. The triangular cluster has eight metal cluster electrons and the cluster core resembles that of [Mo3(μ3-S)(μ-S)3Cl4L5] cluster complexes.


Simple phenolic (SP) compounds are natural products that exhibit multiple pharmacological functions. The best known of these compounds is β-D-salicin, the first discovered phenolic glycoside and salicylic acid, or 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (2-HBA). Both of these compounds have attracted the interest of scientists in various interdisciplinary fields, including chemistry, pharmacology and medicine. Although β-D-salicin is found in various plants, it is often associated with willow, as it was first discovered in this species of plant. While the presence of glucose in β-D-salicin improves the physicochemical properties of the benzyl moiety, β-D-salicin itself does not have anti-inflammatory or anti-proliferative activity until it is metabolised into 2-HBA in the gastrointestinal tract and blood stream. Likewise, the majority of 2-acetoxybenzoic acid (2-ABA), or acetoxysalicylic acid also undergoes metabolic hydrolysis into 2-HBA. 2-HBA has been shown to play a role in modulating both inflammation and cancer partly through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). It is now clear that 2-HBA most likely acts on the transcription factor NF-κB, which regulates the transcription of COX-2 thereby suppressing inflammation and cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. Other phenolates, also exhibit anti-inflammation and anti-proliferation activities like the 4-hydroxybenzoate zinc (4-HBZn) complex, which was previously shown to preferentially inhibit COX-2 compared to 2-HBA and ASA. This review aims to collect all the available information related to β-D-salicin and other SP compounds in order to promote a new perspective of this interesting class of compounds and encourage further research into their pharmacological and clinical properties.


A plurality of wireless engine sensors each includes a sensing circuit that senses an engine parameter as engine data. A radio transceiver receives and transmits the engine data regarding the sensed engine parameters. An engine monitoring module includes a housing configured to be mounted at the aircraft engine. A sensor receiver is mounted within the housing and receives the engine data from the wireless engine sensors. A first wireless transmitter is carried by the housing. A memory is carried by the housing and a processor is carried by the housing and coupled to the memory and the first wireless transmitter and configured to collect and store in the memory engine data related to engine parameters sensed during operation of the aircraft engine by the plurality of wireless engine sensors and transmit the engine data via the first wireless transmitter.


It is necessary to heat the greenhouses in order to obtain a high quality yield from the surroundings. However, heating costs seriously affect the cost of production. Sustainability can be achieved by improving energy efficiency. Increasing energy efficiency is possible by using renewable energy sources that do not produce waste instead of fossil energy sources. * Sorumlu yazar (Corresponding author): Zeynep ZAĠMOĞLU, email@example.com Geliş tarihi: 07.06.2017 Kabul tarihi: 19.12.2017 Farklı Ġklim Bölgelerindeki Seralar için Isı Gereksinimlerinin Modellenmesi 80 Ç.Ü. Müh. Mim. Fak. Dergisi, 32(4), Aralık 2017 Due to the advantages of greenhouse climate in Turkey, it is widely used on the Mediterranean coast. However, in recent years, greenhouses have gained importance in areas where geothermal resources are present and high quality yields have been started to be obtained from modern greenhouses established in these places. In this study, the cost of coal and geothermal energy sources used in greenhouse heating in Turkey and the CO2 emissions of the cargo atmosfere are compared. According to the results obtained, when the unit price of the geothermal energy is 0.06 ₺ / kWh, the greenhouse production in Aydın province with geothermal resources will have great advantages, while the production of tomatoes to be made in Kütahya can only compete with Antalya. However, in case of using geothermal resources without harming the environment in the greenhouse heating, geothermal regions will have great advantages in terms of CO2 emission compared to greenhouse in the Mediterranean region.


The hybrid composite consisting on the association of bioactive glass and chitosan biopolymer was elaborated by using an original process based on freeze-dried process and lyophilisation principle.
This hybrid biocomposite offers several applications and advantages in dental,maxilo-facial and orthopedic surgery. Using this kind of biomaterial could enhance a direct bond to the living bone through the development of the surface layer of carbonated apatite and serves for therapeutic treatment such as osteoporosis phenomenon.
The bioactive glass was synthesized in the SiO2 (46% wt.) - CaO (24% wt.) - Na2O (24% wt.) and P2O5 (6%wt.) system. The amount of introduced chitosan was of 17% wt. Chitosan was mixed with glass powder following several steps. Hybrid bio-composite was then implanted in the femoral site of ovarioctomized rates. Sampling has been carried out after a different period.
Biological and physicochemical characterizations such as XRD, SEM, FTIR, MAS-NMR,
mechanical characteristics and other techniques have employed to highlight this bio-
composite behavior after in vivo assays. Effects of chitosan on the osteoporosis created following the ovarioctomization have been studied.
Obtained results show good biocompatibility of bio-composite. The biological apatite is deposed since the first month after implanted as showed by SEM. It crystallizes in hexagonal system, which corresponds to the crystallographic structure of mature bone. 13C solid-state MAS NMR investigated the organic moiety of the bone Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM).
Obtained spectra of native femoral condyle bone, show the typical spectral signature of collagen. 29Si and 31P were also investigated. The kinetic of ossification revealed that at 3 months of implantation, the hybrid bio-composite was completely transformed into bone.
Osteoinduction phenomenon and antiosteoporotic effects of chitosan were highlighted in the ovariectomised rates by using histological investigations.


The support vector machine approach is applied to research the comprehensive earthquake prediction in Ningxia and its adjacent area. By establishing a comprehensive earthquake prediction model based on a variety of precursory anomalies,the application of support vector machine method to the comprehensive earthquake prediction is preliminarily discussed in Ningxia. The research results show that the comprehensive earthquake prediction model formed by support vector machine method had some predictive power on the magnitude range on the earthquake which might occur in Ningxia and its adjacent areas.


Global crises has amounted to the forced international displacement of 25.4 million refugees. Refugees from conflict-affected areas are especially vulnerable to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared to the general population due to their past and present hardships and history of trauma. PTSD is characterized by a constellation of symptoms identified by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). DSM-5 departed from DSM-IV by reclassifying PTSD as a trauma- and stressor-related disorder and introducing a fourth symptom cluster—negative alterations in mood/cognition—to the previous three-symptom cluster model. In severely traumatized refugees, this new cluster exhibited relatively high sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive power, and negative predictive power—in concordance with the range of symptoms exhibited by this population—and allowed for the applicability of the DSM-5 criteria. However, the Western sample basis of the DSM-5 might make it inferior to alternative models as a diagnostic tool for PTSD in refugees and as a springboard for treatment. In addition (and possibly due) to PTSD, refugees are at high risk for mental health distress and suffer from poor health outcomes. Optimizing diagnostic criteria and overcoming barriers to diagnosis and access to care would benefit patients and facilitate treatment.


Leaf Area Index (LAI) is a parameter used to describe the percentage of vegetation cover and to estimate productivity or yield of agriculture and forest canopies. LAI can be estimated using different techniques such as destructive sampling, vegetation indices and optical instruments. This paper investigates LAI measurements in white beans and corn canopies using two optical instruments, the LI-COR LAI-2000 and the Tracing Radiation and Architecture of Canopies (TRAC), a prototype instrument designed by the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS). LAI estimates provided by each instrument are compared and analysed. Also, further investigation is done in regards to the percent crop cover data and LAI values from the LAI-2000 and the TRAC. Preliminary results indicate that LAI measurements with the LAI-2000 and the TRAC do not correlate very well. It was also found that LAI-2000's LAI estimates correlate better with the percent crop cover than the TRAC. Accordingly, the LAI-2000 provides LAI values that are more accurate than those provided with the TRAC.


Genomic alterations that result in loss of function of the tumor suppressor serine/threonine kinase STK11/LKB1 occur in 20-30% of lung adenocarcinomas. We previously observed that STK11/LKB1 mutations are genomic drivers of primary resistance in lung adenocarcinoma. Moreover, LKB1-mutant NSCLCs exhibit higher hypoxia and glycolysis rates, resulting in enhanced production and secretion of lactate. Accordingly, we hypothesize that high production of lactate of LKB1 mutant tumor may contribute to its immunologically cold phenotype and that blockade of the lactate pathway may potentiate the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies. We characterized the immune landscape of LKB1 mutant clinical samples and performed scRNAseq analysis in KRAS mutant (K) and KRAS mutant LKB1 knockout (KL) syngeneic murine models. To evaluate inhibition of lactate metabolism as a therapeutic strategy, we knocked out the lactate transporter SLC16A3/MCT4 and characterized the impact on the tumor microenvironment (TME), and response to ICB. Clinical analysis of LKB1 mutant NSCLC patients from the MD Anderson's ICON and PROSPECT cohorts suggested that LKB1 mutant tumors showed reduced immune cell infiltration, restricted T cell function, and enhanced M2-like macrophages phenotypes. Moreover, in preclinical models, LKB1 mutant tumors showed enhanced glycolysis and upregulation of MCT4 expression in a variety of human and murine cell lines. Deletion of MCT4 dramatically reduced glycolysis, energy production, and cell proliferation. By scRNAseq, we identified distinct immune subclusters modulated by LKB1 mutation. Hypofunctional T cells and M2-like macrophages were abundant in LKB1 mutant tumors, while these populations were significantly reduced in KL tumors with MCT4 KO. The conditioned medium from KL cells impaired T cell activation and decreased T cell killing, IFNγ production and glycolysis rate. Moreover, conditioned medium from KL cells induced M2-associated genes expression, as well as CD206+ expression in both peritoneal macrophages and Raw264.7 cells. These effects were at least in part MCT-dependent, as medium from MCT4 KO cells induced the opposite effects on T cells and macrophages, and the effects could be reversed by introducing exogenous lactate, suggesting that blockade of lactate transport reactivated T cells and reversed M2 polarization. Importantly, MCT4 KO in LKB1-mutant tumors sensitized tumors to anti-PD1 immunotherapy in syngeneic murine tumors and promoted long-term anti-tumor immunity. Collectively, our data indicate that LKB1 mutant tumors enhanced lactate secretion into the TME and this results in decreased T cell cytotoxic potential as well as higher pro-tumor M2 polarization, leading to resistance to immunotherapy. These data suggest that therapeutic inhibition of MCT4 is a promising strategy to overcome immunotherapy resistance in NSCLC patients harboring LKB1 mutant tumors.
 Citation Format: Yu Qian, Irene Guijarro, Ana Galan-Cobo, Minghao Dang, Alissa Poteete, Fahao Zhang, Qi Wang, Jing Wang, Edwin Parra, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Ignacio Wistuba, Svena Verma, Taha Merghoub, Linghua Wang, Jedd Wolchok, Alexandre Reuben, John Heymach. MCT4 blockade reverses lactate-mediated immunosuppression in LKB1-deficient NSCLC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2160.


In order to solve peer selection problem in unstructured P2P,size-Varied Measurement(VM) and size-Fixed Measurement(FM) using cache are provided.Moreover,four caching strategies are investigated: Random Drop(RD),Largest Latency Drop(LLD),Earliest Timestamp Drop(ED) and Least Use Drop(LUD).Finally,our experimental results show the following observations: FM greatly outperforms VM,LLD and LUD are prior to others,our schemes are stable when the rate of topology change is below 5%,and concurrent measurement can sharply reduce the peer selection latency.


[Objective] The aim of the research was to discuss the correlation between salicylic acid and the aging of leaves.[Method] The effect of salicylic acid solution with the concentration.of 0(CK),0.25,0.50,0.75,1.00,1.25 and 1.50 mmol/L on the aging of detached wheat leavf was studied.[Result] With the increasing of salicylic acid concentration,the retard effect of salicylic acid on lowering the contents of chlorophyll and non-soluble protein in wheat leavf was increased.With the optimum concentration of 1 mmol/L,Salicylic acid could effectively retard the degradation of chlorophyll and water-insoluble proteins in the aging process,inhibit the accumulation of MDA in early aging stage and enhance the activity of SOD in early aging stage.Each index in the treatment of 48 h was significantly better than that of CK.[Conclusion] Salicylic acid had some correlation with the aging of deteched wheat leavf and it could retard the aging of plants appropriately.


Dentofacial morphology of Japanese has been continuously altering through the historic ages toward the pattern of the moderns. Concerning the almost monotonous increase of the tooth to denture base discrepancy, this alteration is considered to tend always to reduction. The present paper deals with this secular change of the dentofacial morphology during the Japanese historic ages.Roentgenographic cephalograms of 95 Japanese skeletal remains from the later Jomon, Kofun, Kamakura, Muromachi and Yedo eras as well as of 288 living Japanese were analysed using 11 linear and 18 angular measurements.As the results, slight enlargement of the anterior facial height and diminution of the facial depth were observed as a general trend. Diminution of jaw bones was also dominant especially in the height of the mandibular ramus and the antero-posterior dimension of the maxillary and mandibular apical bases. Consequently the degree of forward inclination of the maxillary and mandibular incisors increased, and this seems to be the expression of the tooth to denture base discrepancy.


Achieving institutional quality is one of the main goals of today's enterprise. This requires the development of policies, regulations and practices that cover each institutional element with a single quality view, their translation into written documents, and the implementation of institutional assessments and audits in accordance with the written documents. The study aims to identify quality and quality management approaches, the development of the ISO 9001 Quality Management Standard and the necessary documentation and document management practices within this framework. Control and evaluation of the system is also carried out through documents, which are the source of corporate information. The results of our research are considered significant in terms of revealing the importance of document management practices in quality management models that are fundamental to modern enterprises. The ISO 9001 Standard is not difficult and contains general requirements. It can be applied in any sector, be it large or small scale. It represents a powerful management system when properly understood and properly applied. The ISO 9001 Standard is completely dedicated to organizations to establish a Quality Management System. What needs to be done is not to create a "standard" Quality Management System, but to create a Quality Management System that meets the requirements of the standard.
Keywords: ISO 9001:2000, quality management system, enterprise, international standards, quality, etc.


This work presents a single link CMOS high data rate receiver to be integrated in imaging diversity sensor arrays for optical wireless communication targeting indoor scenarios. To compete with existing radio frequency links, sensing and transmitting data in the hundreds of Mbits per second and above, the proposed data/light sensor is optimized at both the photodetector and circuit levels to provide 5Gps data rate from a single optical link using low cost, high yield standard CMOS technology. A novel photo-detector structure, Triple Well Interrupted N-finger photodiode, is proposed that can achieve a bandwidth up to 10 GHz at 1.2V reverse bias. To compensate for the decreased responsivity of the photodiode, a wideband, high gain and low noise transimpedance amplifier compatible with the speed-enhanced CMOS photodiode is implemented in 0.13μm CMOS technology. The amplifier chain achieves a measured bit error rate (BER) of 10-12 at 5 Gbps corresponding to 2.8μA input current in presence of 1pF input capacitance representing the photodiode. The die area is 1106μm×895μm including a transimpedance amplifier (TIA), limiter and buffer and the power dissipation is 68mW from a 1.5V DC supply.


Leptin is an adipocyte‐derived hor‐ mone/cytokine that links nutrition, metabolism, and immune homeostasis and is endowed to modulate several immune responses. We previously demon strated that both immature and mature human den dritic cells (DCs) express a functional leptin receptor, and we found that leptin activates DCs, licenses them for Th1 priming, and promotes DC survival. Moreover, we found that leptin induces rearrangement of actin microfilaments, leading to uropod and ruffle formation. Here we monitor the effects of leptin on DC migratory capacities, focusing on the intracellular sig naling driving cytoskeleton rearrangement. We found that leptin increases immature DC migratory perfor mance both by favoring cytoskeleton dynamics and by up‐regulating CCR7 surface expression, thus favoring chemotactic responsiveness. We found that in immature DCs, leptin activates cofilin, favoring the turnover of actin microfilaments, and, by triggering Vav phos phorylation, promotes Rac1 activation. Finally, we found that in immature DCs, leptin up‐regulates inter‐ leukin‐12p70 production on CD40 stimulation and, more importantly, increases their capacity to stimulate activation of autologous CD8+ T cells. Taken alto gether, the findings herein highlight the potential use of leptin as an adjuvant tool in vaccination protocols employing ex vivo‐generated autologous DCs.— Mat‐ tioli, B., Straface, E., Matarrese, P., Quaranta, M. G., Giordani, L., Malorni, W., Viora, M. Leptin as an immunological adjuvant: enhanced migratory and CD8+T cell stimulatory capacity of human dendritic cells exposed to leptin. FASEB J. 22, 2012–2022 (2008)


This paper presents the application of Taguchis method of orthogonal array and signal to noise ratio with logical fuzzy reasoning for multiple output optimization of turning AISI H13 steel using carbide tool. The cutting parameters, i.e., cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and nose radius, are optimized with considerations of multiple performance characteristics such as cutting force, feed force, surface roughness and tool flank wear. Experimental results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of this approach.


Problem statement: Due to communication, processing and energy constraints, tracking in sensor networks creates different challenges. Since existing algorithms utilized the information from all the sensors for tracking, it results in higher expe nditure of energy and reduced lifetime for the netw ork. Approach: We propose to develop a distributed coverage and t arget tracking algorithm for wireless sensor networks. Tracking issue is first addressed through the determination of a reduced cover for th e region of interest. For reduced coverage, we have u sed the distributed connected coverage algorithm. W e propose a target zone detection algorithm to estima te the locations of the targets from the sensors wi thin the target zone. The locations of the sensors are e stimated by the localization algorithm. Results: This is performed with the unknown location information by utilizing the knowledge of the positions of the sensors and inter-sensor measurements. Conclusion: By simulation results, we show that the proposed algorithm achieves reduced energy consumption and coverage along with delay.


We consider two sets of issues in this paper. The first has to do with moduli stabilization, existence of " area codes " [1] and the possibility of getting a non-supersymmetric dS minimum without the addition of D3-branes as in KKLT for type II flux compactifications. The second has to do with the " Inverse Problem " [2] and " Fake Superpotentials " [3] for extremal (non)supersymmetric black holes in type II compactifications. We use (orientifold of) a " Swiss Cheese " Calabi-Yau [4] expressed as a degree-18 hypersurface in WCP 4 [1, 1, 1, 6, 9] in the " large-volume-scenario " limit [5]. The main result of our paper is that we show that by including non-perturbative α ′ and instanton corrections in the Kähler potential and superpotential [6], it may be possible to obtain a large-volume non-supersymmetric dS minimum without the addition of anti-D3 branes a la KKLT. The chosen Calabi-Yau has been of relevance also from the point of other studies of Kähler moduli stabilization via nonperturbative instanton contributions [7] and non-supersymmetric AdS vacua (and their subsequent dS-uplifts) using (α ′)


Based on data of more than 890 drilling wells, the controls of buried history on oil accumulation processes in the Daqing placanticline of northern Songliao basin have been elaborated by means of basin simulation and dating technique of oil reservoir. Northern Songliao basin had been undergone 3 subsidences and 2 uplifts. Duration of 3 subsidences are, respectively, Qingshankou-Nenjiang, Sifangtai-Mingshui and Tertiary-Quaternary periods, of them, during the periods, the biggest depositional rates with respectively 160 m/Ma and 180 m/Ma occur at Late Nenjiang and Mingshui periods. 2 uplifts respectively betided on the end of Nenjiang and Mingshui periods, which results in the formation of the Daqing placanticline. The oil generation and expulsion of the major source rocks of Qingshankou Formation maintain for a very long period, which started from about 77.4 Ma, and matched well with tectonic activity and formation of trap. The results indicate that two oil accumulation peaks occur respectively about 73 Ma and 65-40 Ma, which are in agreement with the processes of basin uplifts and structure formation.


Objective To develop a psychology measurement system based on ARM9.Methods The Ethernet cable was used for power supply of the handset,and also for data transmission.The client\server mode was adopted to implement the client psychology measurement system and the server monitoring system.Results Spot personality or ability test of individual client could be performed,and tests with different methods for multi clients could also be realized.Conclusion The psychology measurement system based on ARM9,with no need of the handset for power supply and schedule not affected by some individual,is worth popularizing.


Introduction:
 Adequate health literacy enables patients and caregivers to make appropriate decisions and achieve better health outcomes. However, much information about health literacy comes from developed and English-speaking countries. There is very little information about health literacy levels in countries such as Colombia and these data, therefore, cannot be used as an input in the development of cardiovascular education programs for the community. Our objective was to optimize and adapt the Spanish validation of the short version of the Test of Functional Health Literacy in adults (s-TOFHLA) to the context of the Colombian health system. This test was chosen because its multiple questions and sections can guide the skills that should be emphasized in a health education course for patients and caregivers (i.e. navigation in the health care system, interpretation of medical instructions, understanding of doses and forms of drug dispensing). This test consists of two parts: numerical and reading comprehension (Readings A and B). The TOFHLA is graded using a score between 1 and 100 points, which classifies the participant into categories of adequate, marginal or inadequate health literacy.

 Methods:
 The validation process was carried out in the following steps 1) cultural and language adaptation, 2) expert consensus (n=7), 3) a cognitive survey (n=10), 4) piloting (n=40), and 5) application in the community (n=148). The study was conducted in 6 cities, from 5 departments (equivalent to an state) in Colombia.

 Results:
 In the piloting (n=40) Cronbach's α was 0.76 for numerical comprehension, 0.58 for reading A, and 0.95 for reading B. In the broader sample (n=148) the Cronbach's α for numerical comprehension, reading A and reading B was 0.84, 0.89, and 0.95, respectively. Most of the sample had an adequate level of literacy (77.1%), however, the percentages in the marginal (6%) and inadequate (16.7%) categories can still be considered high. Health literacy levels are lower in people with the lowest level of schooling and socioeconomic strata. In addition, there seem to be differences between urban and rural populations. No differences have been observed according to the sex of the participants.

 Conclusions:
 It is critical to assess health literacy with instruments that have been adequately validated and adapted to the conditions of each health system. This process requires the participation of health and language experts. The piloting and cognitive surveys provide a good idea of how communities interpret psychometric tests. Our results confirm differences in health literacy among populations with different levels of income and schooling. Health literacy assessment can guide the instructional design of community-directed health education programs.


This paper deals with the dynamics of cylindrical collapse with anisotropic fluid distribution in the framework of [Formula: see text] gravity. For this purpose, we consider non-static and static cylindrical spacetimes in the inner and outer regions of a star, respectively. To match both geometries at the hypersurface, we consider the Darmois junction conditions. We use the Misner–Sharp technique to examine the impacts of correction terms and effective fluid parameters on the dynamics of a cylindrical star. A correlation between the Weyl tensor and physical quantities is also developed. The conformally flat condition is not obtained due to the influence of anisotropic pressure and higher-order nonlinear terms. Further, we assume isotropic fluid and specific model of this theory which yields the conformally flat spacetime and inhomogeneous energy density. We conclude that the collapse rate reduces as compared to general relativity due to the inclusion of effective pressure and additional terms of this theory.


This paper develops a theoretical model to demonstrate that the firm's payout/investment decision may be affected by the relative magnitude of dividend and repurchasing premia. The model shows that the manager of high-quality firm may pass up a positive NPV project in order to cater to investors' demand for dividends or share repurchases (adverse selection problem) if the catering premia are substantial. On the other hand, the manager of low-quality firm may have strong incentives to return free cash flows to shareholders if the catering premia are higher than the private benefits from investing in a negative NPV project. Under this case, the agency costs of free cash flows are mitigated.


The article deals with the problem of the communicative self-efficacy of the person. The attention is paid to the development of this personal meta-quality among students and cadets at the stage of their professional training at the university. A brief analysis of theoretical approaches to understanding the phenomenon "communicative self-efficacy" is given. The relevance of the research is indicated in the context of looking for methods aimed to the formation of this meta-quality. The results of using techniques of critical thinking development are presented.


There is considerable interest in improving the resistance of fully austenitic TWIP steels to hydrogen embrittlement; one potential route is to use V additions to promote hydrogen trapping by V(C,N) precipitates. This has the dual benefit of increasing the yield strength through precipitation strengthening and grain refinement. However, the effect on slab quality during continuous casting has not been determined. In this study, the hot ductility of two twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels, Fe-0.6C-22Mn and Fe-0.6C-22Mn-0.2V, was examined over the temperature range 650–1200 °C. Tensile samples were taken from continuous cast 225 mm slabs and from 36 mm transfer bars. The addition of V caused the ductility trough in the temperature range 650–900 °C to deepen and widen and the lowest reduction in area (RA) recorded in the as-cast condition was 30%. This deterioration of hot ductility was due to V(C,N) precipitation. Even though the minimum RA was below the value often accepted to avoid cracking, no transverse cracking was observed in industrial trials and the surface quality was acceptable. The RA values of Fe-0.6C-22Mn were found to be very sensitive to the P level. However, this sensitivity was less evident when V was added, possibly due to P trapping by VC at austenite boundaries. No transverse cracking was observed in industrially produced slabs with P in the range examined (0.02 to 0.04 wt.% P).


The invention relates to a control apparatus for a multiphase DC-DC converter, comprising at least two parallel-connected conversion units, wherein the control device comprises means for controlling the transducer units which are adapted to enable one or more transducer units and / or off, wherein only activated transducer units be used for energy transmission, wherein the means for controlling the transducer units are adapted to activate the transducer units in a changeable order and / or off.


The unceasing absorbing of international manufacturing industry shifting has given China a rare opportunity in development. This absorbing, in the many years to come, will play even more important role in Chinese industrialization. But, how to keep a rapid, forceful tendency of absorbing so as to approach a high region rank of product value links, depends on Chinese unceasing advantage lifting of region ranks.


Using the method of documentary, questionnaire, expert interview method to study the current basketball teaching achievement evaluation system, the weakness of the system of analysis, put forward the basketball teaching evaluation system should be to address the students and teachers' attitude towards basketball general course, improve teachers' teaching and students' passion for target, so as to improve the students' basketball quality, body quality and the healthy development of basketball general course.


The rectangular pipe-jacking tunnel (RPJT) has a high section utilization ratio and is one of the primary forms of urban integrated pipe gallery (IPG) at present. This kind of tunnel will produce uneven longitudinal displacement under adjacent construction. Longitudinal bending stiffness is the crucial parameter to analyse its longitudinal stress characteristics. Combined with the structural elements of RPJT, the calculation models of the longitudinal bending stiffness of RPJT with round corners was put forward. The influence of longitudinal bolt number, ring width, and segment thickness on the neutral axis position and the longitudinal equivalent stiffness (LES) efficiency was further analysed. The influence of bending moment on the opening angle of the inter-ring joint was also analysed. The results show that increasing the number of longitudinal bolts, width of segment ring, and thickness of segment are beneficial to enhancing the LES efficiency and promoting the upward shift of the neutral axis. In addition, an increase of bending moment leads to the increase in the opening of the inter-ring joint, which is not conducive to structure safety. The research results can provide theoretical support for the structural design and longitudinal safety analysis of RPJT.


Homepump technique – preserved motion without pain after hand surgery H. Alnehill1, N. Rawal2, K. Pettersson1 1Department of Hand Surgery, Örebro University Hospital, Sweden; 2Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Örebro University Hospital, Sweden Background and Goal of Study: Patient-Controlled Regional Analgesia (PCRA) techniques using perineural and incisional catheters have been described for pain management after a variety of ambulatory surgical procedures. In hand surgery the negative effects of a proximal nerve block is loss of motor function. The aim of this study was to develop a new application of the homepump technique to achieve postoperative analgesia with preserved mobility of arm and hand. In this study carpal tunnel release situates a model by a distal blocking of the median nerve. Materials and Methods: This randomized double-blinded study involved 88 patients, 61 female, 27 male, age 30 to 61 years, all scheduled for ambulatory carpal tunnel release. Patients were randomized into four groups (A to D), 22 in each group. Patients in A to C received a small epidural catheter, placed adjacent to the median nerve, proximal to incision. Additionally, all patients received subcutaneous wound infiltration with ropivacaine. Group A was given 0.2% ropivacaine, B 0.75% ropivacaine, and C 0.9% NaCl (placebo). Group D constituted a control group and was given a nerve block and wound infiltration using 0.20% ropivacaine. Patients in groups A to C were given an elastometric, disposable "homepump". Postoperatively the patients had the ability to self-administer maximum 10 doses of study drug, A and C 10 ml, B 3 ml per dose. On day 3 the catheter was removed. Oral rescue analgesics were prescribed in all cases. Pain assessment was made by VAS at regular times, additional analgesics and adverse effects were registered. Analgesia when using the pump, over all pain reduction and satisfaction were recorded. Results and Discussions: We found a significant difference in pain reduction between active groups and placebo (p 0.001), the over all pain reduction (p 0.02), satisfaction (p 0.03), and additive analgesics (p 0.001). Both concentrations of ropivacaine were effective, however there was less numbness in patients receiving 0.2% ropivacaine. Conclusion: Our results show that in patients undergoing hand surgery PCRA with "Home-pump" provides effective pain relief without adverse effects and a preserved range of motion.


The results of the analysis of legal regulation in the sphere of protection of monuments of architecture as cultural heritage have been given. It's been established that despite the adoption of such important documents as the Land and Urban Planning Code, the federal law "On Cultural Heritage (historical and cultural) of the Russian Federation", the current legal framework has still "transitional" nature. The expediency of developing targeted programs for the preservation of monuments of architecture for the full and efficient use, development and successful integration into the socio-economic and cultural life of municipalities has been grounded.


Semiactive vibration absorbers are tunable vibration absorbers whose natural frequencies can change controllably to minimize vibration better than their passive counterparts, which can be used to reduce occupant vibration in cars. The variable natural frequency is achieved by using a dynamically tunable spring. In order to use a material as a dynamically tunable spring, its transient parameters must be understood and controlled, so as not to lead to instability. This work characterizes the behavior of magnetorheological elastomers (MREs), which are a type of ferromagnetic‐elastomer composites whose tensile/compressional stiffness increases as an applied magnetic field is increased. If the transition from one stiffness state to another is too slow, the MRE can have a detrimental effect on vibration control. Transient behavior of MREs with different concentrations of ferromagnetic material and different geometric shapes was recorded empirically, and the MRE stiffness change in response to a change in magnet...


Decreased of population due to illegal hunting makes the hawksbill be a protected animal. In addition, this is allegedly due to presence of environtment parameters that are not in accordance with characteristic in hawksbill nesting habitat with the result that influencing on decreased of hawksbill population. This study purposed to assase the hawksbill nesting habitat and analyse morphology features that suspected influence nesting acativity of hawksbill in Belanda and Kayu Angin Bira island. The research was done on Augst 2017 in Belanda and kayu Angin Bira Island. Any several data was collected, that's primary (beach slope and width) and secondary (data was collected in the past of 5 years, that's from 2012 until 2016). The result showed width as the morphological features that influence the nesting preference of hawksbill.


The concentration dependences of the yield of excited triplet states, G(3S*), and the concentration dependences of the relative yield of radiation-induced fluorescence obtained on pulse radiolysis of solutions of naphthalene, anthracene, pyrene and 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO) are reported. The yields of excited singlet state solute molecules, G(1S*), formed on pulse radiolysis of naphthalene-cyclohexane and naphthalene-benzene solutions has been determined by comparing the intensity of the radiation-induced fluorescence with that obtained on photo-excitation. It is concluded that intersystem crossing (i.s.c.) from the excited singlet state is an important process in the formation of the high yield of triplet excited states of the solute. Under certain conditions this process accounts for up to 50 % of G(3S*) in cyclohexane and the entire G(3S*) in benzene solutions.


Abstract Organohypervalent iodine reagents are widely used for the preparation of various oxazolines, oxazoles, isoxazolines, and isoxazoles. In the formation of these heterocyclic compounds, hypervalent iodine species can serve as the activating reagents for various substrates, as well as the heteroatom donor reagents. In recent research, both chemical and electrochemical approaches toward generation of hypervalent iodine species have been utilized. The in situ generated active species can react with appropriate substrates to give the corresponding heterocyclic products. In this short review, we summarize the hypervalent-iodine-mediated preparation of oxazolines, oxazoles, isoxazolines, and isoxazoles starting from various substrates. 1 Introduction 2 Synthesis of Oxazolines 3 Synthesis of Oxazoles 4 Synthesis of Isoxazolines 5 Synthesis of Isoxazoles 6 Conclusion


Discussions regarding sex after colorectal and pelvic floor surgery are often overlooked by clinicians. This is the first patient designed and delivered study to explore sexual function and practices after colorectal surgery. The aim was to explore the questions about sex that matter to patients and their partners following colorectal or pelvic floor surgery through a patient and public involvement survey. The results of this work will underpin the creation of a sex patient reported outcome measure.


PURPOSE: A light emitting diode is provided to reduce inner total reflection in a fluorescent element or lens by controlling the direction of light from a light emitting diode. CONSTITUTION: A light emitting layer is formed on a substrate(21). First and second electrodes(26,27) are formed on one side of the substrate and the light emitting layer. A DOE(Diffractive Optical Element) pattern(28a) is formed on the upper side of the light emitting area of the light emitting layer. The DOE pattern has various depths composed of an insulation layer. The insulation layer is formed on the upper side of the light emitting area of the light emitting layer.


Ecologists and evolutionary biologists often use body condition indices (BCIs) to approximate an animal's energetic state, which is important because energy (typically, lipid) reserves influence an animal's investment into fitness-related traits. A BCI's utility is typically assessed by examining its ability to predict standardized fat content (fat mass in fresh mass after correcting for body size) across a population. Less frequently, a BCI is assessed as a response variable by comparing its sensitivity to a particular treatment or factor (e.g. food availability or age) relative to that of standardized fat content. We assessed five common BCIs (or equivalent) with these two approaches in the wing-dimorphic sand field cricket (Gryllus firmus Scudder 1902). All of the BCI methods significantly predicted standardized fat content in both sexes and wing morphs where the scaled mass index and Que t́elet's index explained the most and least amount of variation, respectively. The BCIs and fat content were also similarly affected by adult age. However, BCIs were universally better proxies for lean mass and water content than for fat content. The relationships between BCIs and standardized lean mass and water content were stronger than those between BCIs and standardized fat content, and the effect sizes of age on BCIs were closer to that of lean mass relative to that of fat content. Thus, although BCIs reasonably predicted energy (fat) stores in G. firmus, they may be more indicative of lean mass or water content in insects. If BCIs are surrogates for protein and water storage, they may still approximate the storage of resources that fuel fitness-related traits. Yet, future work is required to understand which body components (e.g. fat, protein or water) are most tightly linked to fitness, and whether traditional BCIs explain variation in fitness-related body components across animal taxa.


PURPOSE
The primary motor cortex is capable of rapid, reversible plastic changes and longer-term, more permanent reorganization. Ischemic nerve block (INB) is a model of deafferentation-induced short-term plasticity. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation to examine whether changes in the excitability of short- and/or long-interval intracortical inhibitory (SICI, LICI) or short-interval intracortical facilitatory (SICF) circuits underlie the corticospinal excitability increases observed during INB.

METHODS
SICI and LICI recruitment curves, obtained by varying conditioning stimulus intensity, and SICF were measured at multiple inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs).

RESULTS
Forearm flexor MEP amplitude increased during INB at the wrist; this was not accompanied by changes in SICI at ISIs of 1 or 2 ms, in SICF at ISIs of 1.2, 2.7, or 4.4 ms, or in LICI at an ISI of 80 ms, but was accompanied by an increase in LICI at an ISI of 150 ms.

CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that (1) the increased excitability of forearm flexors is not due to reduced SICI or LICI or increased SICF, and (2) LICI measured at ISIs of 80 and 150 ms are distinct processes. We discuss the importance of identifying distinct processes of LICI and speculate regarding other mechanisms that could potentially underlie INB-induced plasticity.


Incommensurability plays a very important role in Kuhn's scientific philosophy.To Kuhn's understanding,incommensurability is non-translatability between the paradigm and theory.The main points include that there is no common evaluation criteria among different paradigms,that even same concepts and terms have been employed,there have been great changes in their meaning and relationship before and after the scientific revolution,and that people who are in favor different paradigm have different stand points and world outlook.


Since an literary crisis arises owing to the unrealisticity of literary matters, an attempt ought to be made at realistic issues to advance literary theory. As a recent advancement of literary theory, "cultural poetics" presents us three dimensions, three qualities and a pursuit. It advocates associating the interpretation of literary text to the exposure of cultural meaning, linking "internal study" to "external study" of literature, and revealing the cultural spirit for realistic demand by clarifying the study of text in the course of literary investigation and criticism to ultimately pursue a completion of modern personality and an overall development of modern man.


A display or illumination device 11 comprises a body member 12 containing a plurality of sources of light, mounted on a carrier 20. The body member 12 also surrounds two transparent members 15 and 17 through which light from each source passes. The carrier and the transparent members bounded by the body member form two plenum chambers 19 and 22. The device also includes optical particles 25 lying between the transparent members. The optical particles serve to diffuse the light in order to overcome dazzle. The optical particles preferably take the form of glass balls or chips. Also disclosed is a plurality of these devices laid out to conform to a predetermined pattern display.


Stage figure is the Prague School term for the material signifier of theatrical acting, a human body or puppet made over for aesthetic perception. Stage figures usually correlate with single characters of particular plays, though this conventional practice has been interestingly violated in any number of plays featuring "mistaken identities." According to the Prague School model of the acting sign, as initiated by Otakar Zich, the stage figure stands in an intermediate, technical relation to the actor and the incorporeal dramatic character who resides in the consciousness of the perceiving audience


The molar conductance for bulk and nano nickel sulfate (NiSO 4 ) in different percentages of ethanol (EtOH) and water were measured non- isothermally, at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15K temperatures. From the molar conductance for both bulk and nano NiSO 4 , the solvation parameters like, activity coefficient, association constant, free energy of association, enthalpy of association and entropy of association were estimated. All these solvation parameters were discussed. This research focused on the study of conductance measurements for nano NiSO 4 . The stability constants of association were measured by applying the conductometric method at different temperatures. Based on the results, the association constants decrease with increase in percentage of ethanol and increase with increasing temperatures. indicating increase in association on adding EtOH in solution and decrease by raising temperature due to the increase in the kinetic energy.


An oil-containing solid in which liquid oil is contained in a large amount and from which oil seepage is slight; and a process for producing the same. The oil-containing solid is produced by impregnating a porous solid with a W/O emulsion. Further, use is made of the W/O emulsion having a water-soluble gellable substance incorporated in the water phase thereof. Consequently, the water-soluble gellable substance is converted to a gel in pores of the porous solid, thereby enhancing the liquid oil leakage preventing effect of the W/O emulsion.


Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is reportedly associated with an increased risk of renal failure and death when used for fluid resuscitation in critically ill patients. HES can be used during therapeutic leukocytapheresis (TL) procedures to enhance cell separation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of adverse events associated with HES during TL procedures.


This study is based on the general notion that restaurants should find more responsible solutions to dispose of the large amount of food that is not consumed. Moreover, the food wasted has great environmental, social and financial impacts, and yet this issue is still insufficiently presented in contemporary studies on food waste management. This paper applied the extended theory of planned behavior as a theoretical framework to elicit consumers' behavior concerning food waste. A standard paper and pen survey recorded quantitative data provided by 221 respondents. The findings reported the following: (1) personal attitudes toward food waste positively affect an individual's intention not to waste food; (2) perceived behavioral control positively affects an individual's intention not to waste food; (3) the intention not to waste food negatively affects self-reported food waste behavior; (4) negative environmental attitudes negatively affect intention not to waste food; (5) hygiene-based food waste negatively affects perceived behavioral control. This study contributes to understanding consumers' food waste behavior in restaurants and might have practical implications in the hospitality sector.


As the applications of big data are increasing, the NoSQL (Not only Structured Query Language) database management systems have been developed rapidly. How to integrate NoSQL database and relational database effectively has become one of the research hotspots. In the existing research results, the paged query method used for join operations of these heterogeneous multi-databases can produce a large delay. In view of this deficiency, this paper presents a paged prefetching model, and focuses on its basic composition, prefetching mode and operation mechanism. A prototype system is designed and developed. The effect of this model is verified, and the expected targets are achieved. Compared with the non-prefetched paging query method, the outstanding contribution of this research result is that it can reduce the delay of paging query and thus improve the efficiency of the join operations of cross-databases.


I like to thank Dr. Mokry for his insightful contribution to the discussion of residual drag correction, particularly his description of the flow physics. The assumption in his analysis of stagnant flow within the model/wake body retains the essential features yet avoids treating the source singularity and its added mass flow. However, Mokry's assertion that the residual drag of Eq. (6) does not include drag due to gradient effects at the model deserves reply. His definition of a control volume using far upstream and far downstream planes, together with parallel tunnel walls, implicitly


Abstract : This thesis analyzes the evolution of United States political, economic, and strategic interests in the Republic of Korea. A discussion on what is the national interest and a framework to discuss those interest is provided. United States political interests are discussed by examining the highlights of Korean politics following the Second World War with a focus on current political topics. United States economic interests are viewed in light of the economic progress South Korea has made following the Korean war and potential promise for the future. In discussing the strategic interests of the United States, a regional assessment of the balance of power is made. Special emphasis is placed on current strategic issues. This thesis concludes: 1) The United States has a vital strategic interest in peace and stability on the Korean peninsula which warrants continued security assistance to the ROK and maintenance of U.S. military forces on the peninsula, 2) The United States has a major economic interest in the ROK with growing trade between the two countries and significant U.S. business investments in South Korea, and 3) The United States has a major political interest in continued North-South dialogue as well as a peripheral interest in constitutional reform and human rights in the ROK.


This research examined the influence of eyewitness identification decisions on participants in the role of police investigators. Undergraduate "investigators" interviewed confederate "witnesses" and then searched a computer database of potential suspects. The database included information on each suspect's physical description, prior criminal record, alibi, and fingerprints. Participants selected a suspect and estimated the probability that the suspect was guilty. Investigators subsequently administered a photo lineup to the witness and re-estimated the suspect's guilt. Investigators were greatly swayed by eyewitness decisions. If the witness identified the suspect probability estimates increased dramatically. If the witness identified an innocent lineup member or rejected the lineup,+ investigators' probability estimates dropped significantly, even when pre-lineup objective evidence (e.g., fingerprints) was strong. Eyewitness decisions similarly influenced investigators' confidence in the witness and willingness to arrest the suspect. Participant-investigators greatly overestimated the amount of information gain provided by eyewitness identifications. Table of


The goal of metagenomic binning is to reconstruct genomes from a mixture of DNA sequences into genomic bins, which can be considered a clustering task. Multiple methods have been proposed for this task, such as distance-based metrics, machine learning, and ensemble approaches. We propose BinChill, a metagenomic ensemble method, based on the generic co-occurrence ensembler method, ACE. BinChill incorporates domain information in the form of Single-Copy Genes (SCG) with a co-occurrence strategy. This strategy combines multiple clustering partitions according to how often two items co-occur in the same cluster. BinChill was able to reconstruct more or equally as many high- and medium quality while having an equal or faster runtime than other metagenomics-specific methods on a smaller simulated dataset. On larger datasets, both simulated and real-world, BinChill outperformed other methods in reconstructing high-quality bins, at the cost of an increased processing time when compared to generic ensemble clustering algorithms. This is due to the domain-specific steps that our method implements. Our results show that the strengths of multiple partitions can be combined to generate a partition of higher quality.