L iver fibrosis is characterized by an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix after chronic damage to the liver. The main producers of this matrix are myofibroblasts, derived from activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC) or portal fibroblasts. Sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, damaged hepatocytes, and infiltrating inflammatory cells all act in concert to generate stimuli that elicit activation and proliferation of myofibroblasts. Numerous experimental antifibrotic drugs have been explored, many with high therapeutic efficacy in animal models, but to date none of these compounds has reached daily clinical practice. So, apart from effective removal of the inciting stimulus, no effective antifibrotic therapy is available yet. Key problems that hamper setting up clinical trials in particular in cirrhosis patients are clear. An important hurdle is the slow disease progression, which necessitates long clinical trials for antifibrotic drugs. Indeed, the average length of clinical trials with liver fibrosis as the primary endpoint that are currently ongoing is 80.8 weeks, which obviously takes a huge amount of time, money, and patience of all participants to obtain proof-of-principle in patients. The absence of reliable quantitative readout parameters to monitor disease progression and drug effectivity represents an additional key problem. Liver biopsies were the gold standard for a long time, but in recent years much progress has been made to monitor the fibrotic process quantitatively. To date, out of 250 ongoing clinical trials in patients with liver fibrosis, 37 (15%) are dedicated to find noninvasive markers for disease activity (see www.clinicaltrails.gov). However, it is clear that liver fibrosis is much more difficult to assess than fibrosis in skin, heart, lung, and kidney, whose appearance or output is much more easily quantifiable. The subclinical nature of the disease also leads to a situation where adverse effects of antifibrotic drugs in the early stages of fibrogenesis are not tolerated and experimental drugs can only be tested in patients with advanced cirrhosis. Next to these challenges, very complex opposing homeostatic processes characterize liver fibrosis. For instance, death and apoptosis of hepatocytes is accompanied by proliferation of fibroblasts, fibroblast-like cells, and neoplastic cells, thus making the systemic administration of compounds that affect cell proliferation or apoptosis risky. Also, other systemic approaches can be troublesome; while chronic inflammation stimulates fibrogenesis, lack of macrophages prevents regression of fibrosis, and while stimulation of extracellular matrix degrading activity is essential to reverse fibrosis, this may in turn stimulate metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma, also associated with cirrhosis. Manipulation of thrombosis, which stimulates fibrogenesis, faces the challenge that within the liver prothrombotic activities prevail, whereas systemic clinical problems comprise enhanced risk of bleeding. In addition, portal hypertension—the major cause of morbidity and mortality in cirrhosis patients—is associated with a reduced extrahepatic arterial pressure, which renders the systemic use of vasodilating drugs difficult. Therefore, therapeutics should be liverspecific, which is not the case for most experimental antifibrotic drugs. In the present issue of HEPATOLOGY, Fallowfield et al. present data on the antifibrotic effects of relaxin. There are a number of interesting elements in this study. A significant reduction in portal pressure, intrahepatic nitrous oxide (NO levels), HSC activation, as reflected by cytoskeletal filament markers, accompanied by an improved liver function, indicated by increased serum albumin levels, was found after administration of relaxin in different experimental models (the carbon tetrachloride [CCL4] model in mice and the bile ductligated [BDL] model in rats). Therapeutic intervention started after 8 of 16 weeks of CCL4 administration or 18 days after BDL, that is, in established or advanced fibrosis and intervention lasted for only 72 hours. This is a highly effective treatment. Antifibrotic effects of relaxin have been demonstrated earlier in animal models of liver fibrosis, but the present study extends these observations by showing the potency of Abbreviations: CCL4, carbon tetrachloride; HSC, hepatic stellate cells. Address reprint requests to: Klaas Poelstra, Ph.D., Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology & Targeting, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands. E-mail: k.poelstra@ rug.nl; fax: 131 50 363 3247. Received August 19, 2013; accepted August 22, 2013. Copyright VC 2014 by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hep.26713 Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report.


Interest in the surface charges on circuits, and their utility in the conceptual understanding of circuit behavior, has recently increased. Papers and textbooks have discussed surface charges either with qualitative diagrams or analytic results for very special geometries. Here, I present the results of numerical calculations showing the surface charges on several simple resistor-capacitor circuits. Surface charges are seen to guide the motion of charges and create the appropriate electric potential and Poynting vectors for the circuit, and hence are an important factor in the teaching of circuit theory.


Method for contactless determination of an appropriate height position of a component holder (210) relative to a structural element (220) for picking up the component (220), the method comprising Positioning the component-retaining means (210) at a first height relative to the component (220) and applying a negative pressure to a suction channel (212) of the device holder (210) Moving the component-retaining means (210) in the direction of the device (220), Detecting, during movement of the device holder (210), a pneumatic size which is for an air flow (315) through the suction duct (212) indicative, with the pneumatic variable is a pressure difference to ambient pressure, makes detection of a change of the detected pneumatic size which change an impediment to the flow of air (315) through the suction duct (212) due to the close of the lower opening of the suction duct (212) located device (220) identified, and Determining a second relative amount of the component hold device (210), at which the change of the pneumatic size was detected, and no direct contact between the component holding device (210) and the device (220) is in the second relative height.


Continuous monitoring of PM2.5, NO2, and other pollutants occurs at near-road air quality monitoring locations throughout the United States, as required by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations. Near-road monitoring sites were set up from 2014 through 2016, with 68 NO2 monitors in 2016, 31 of which also monitored PM2.5. Annual and multi-year statistics of NO2 and PM2.5 concentrations were compared with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. A PM2.5"increment"—the difference between concentrations measured in the near-road environment and those concentrations measured at nearby sites—was estimated. Several methods were used to select nearby sites from which to calculate "background" concentrations: (1) sites within 25 km, 50 km, and 100 km of the near-road site, and sites whose 24 h PM2.5 concentrations were well correlated with those at the near-road site; (2) sites within 40 km of the near-road site, where PM2.5 concentrations were interpolated using an inverse distance weighting; and (3) a site in the "upwind" direction from the near-road site. The mean PM2.5 increment across all near-road sites ranged from +0.6 to +1.1 μg/m3 (or 6–10% of the average PM2.5), depending on the method. Understanding the variation in the PM2.5 increment can be useful to assess calculations of PM2.5 background, which is required by EPA under various regulatory frameworks. The PM2.5 increment generally decreased with increasing distance from monitoring site to roadway, and increased with increasing traffic volume.


Flexible multimodal sensors are an indispensable part of Internet of Things for human–machine interfaces, health monitoring, and soft robots. Despite tremendous research efforts dedicated to high sensitivity, flexibility, and multifunctionality, these merits are conventionally accompanied with sophisticated fabrications that hinder practical applications. Herein, a fully printed flexible trimodal sensor sheet containing 4 × 4 pressure sensor units, 2 × 2 temperature sensor units, and 1 proximity sensor unit is proposed. Its elaborate structure featured by a trifunctional bottom electrode layer effectively extends the functionality of this sensor sheet as well as maintains facile fabrication. The heterogeneous sensor units in this multifunctional device are rationally integrated to suppress crosstalk and mutual interference while keeping a compact configuration. Moreover, the integration of all functionalities enables a dual‐level detection capability, where proximity perception at the upper level can detect the event of interest to wake up temperature and pressure perceptions at the lower level. This provides a solution to free densely distributed sensor networks from a long‐term operation, thereby saving power consumption. The fully printable multimodal sensor sheet shows potentials for low‐cost macroscale flexible electronics.


The first-order statistics of the Stokes parameters (SP's) are used to investigate the polarization properties of a circular multimode optical fiber. Linearly polarized light launched into an optical fiber 3 m in length is found to be partially preserved. The degree of polarization P was a proper parameter to measure quantitatively the polarization preservation in our experiments. P was especially high, when the speckle field produced at the end of the fiber was nonuniform. In all experimental investigations, the probability density functions (PDF's) of the Stokes parameters, calculated theoretically, coincide well with the experimental results. The spatial stationarity of the fiber speckle pattern has been verified when all modes ate equally excited.


In this research, the effects of hidropriming (HP), ozmopriming (OP) and thermopriming (TP) treatments on seed germination quality in different aubergine varieties seeds were investigated. Aubergine cvs. Manisa Kir Cizgili (MKC), Kemer 27 (K) and Aydin Siyahi (AS) seeds which harvested at different maturity levels (50, 55, 60 and 75 days after flowering) were subjected to OP treatments at at 35 0C for 4 and 8 hours (1: 2 / in the dark-light condition) with 10% PEG-6000 solution, HP treatments at 35 0C (1: 2 / dark-light condition) for 4 and 8 hours with distilled water and TP treatments were applied in water bath for two different times (15 and 30 minutes) at 50 ° C. Seed moisture levels were determined in control and priming groups in all cultivars. At the end of the treatments, the seeds were kept until the surface was dry and then they were subjected to petri germination test. At the end of the experiments; OP, HP and TP treatments of aubergine seeds were evaluated on the basis of viability (mean germination time and percentage, seedling root-shoot length). When the analyzed parameters were evaluated, it was seen that the priming positive effect was related to the maturity of the seeds. Normal and total germination parameters, which are dependent variables; It was found to be statistically significant with priming, variety, maturity and their interaction (p<0.001, p<0.01). The differences between the means (p <0.001) of the measurement results of root and shoot lengths, especially in terms of variety x maturity interaction, are statistically significant. The seeds of the 75th day harvests of the AS variety germinated 10% more than the control seeds with TP-15 min. OP-4sa (92%) and HP-4sa (81%) had a more positive effect on germination than control (76%) seeds in the seeds of MKC 60th day harvest. The seeds of the K variety 60th day harvest germinated approximately 30% more than the control with TP-30 min treatments. In terms of root and stem length, the results vary according to both seed maturity and varieties. In all varieties, especially in mature seeds (60-75th day harvest), root and shoot lengths showed more development with TP than control. In addition, it has been determined that OP and HP treatments provide more variability in the initial moisture content of seeds, especially in the immature period (harvest on the 50-55th day). Thermopriming, as a pre-sowing treatments in aubergine seeds, has yielded results as a positive alternative to chemical treatments.


Spies make ambivalent and paradoxical heroes because they have to perform their deeds secretly and often with deceit. The figure of the secret agent therefore highlights the precariousness of the heroic generally and for the specific cultural moment of the twenty-first century. Conversely, the question as to the heroism of secret agents sheds light on the cultural perception of spies and espionage in a given social and historical constellation. This article reads the James Bond film Spectre (2015) as a diagnosis of secret agency at a time when it appears to be superseded by non-human, machine- and data-based forms of surveillance. The film presents terror and protective surveillance as joint spectres that threaten democracy. It negotiates this ethical and affective dilemma by invoking the specifically human agency of popular culture's most popular spy. Keywords: accountability; democracy;  Dr No;  heroism; human agency; post-heroic society;  Skyfall; Spectre;  surveillance; terror; transparency; voyeurism.


This work is concerned primarily with the structural aspects of the heterocyclic dithiadiazolyl and dithiadiazolylium rings. Chapter one reviews both the 7π dithiadiazolyl and the 6π dithiadiazolylium ring systems. The synthetic routes to these ring systems are outlined, as well as the reactions that they are known to participate in. Chapter two outlines the general methods used to synthesise and analyse the compounds prepared and examined in this thesis. Chapter three investigates the crystal structures of various salts containing the dithiadiazolylium ring system. All of these salts possess halide anions, and the relationship between the size of the halogen and its position in relation to the heterocyclic ring is examined. In chapter four the new metallo-dithiadiazolylium species, Hg[CNSNS](_2)[AsF(_6)](-2), is examined as a potential transfer reagent for the dithiadiazolylium ring. The previously unknown halogen-substituted compounds, [X.CNSNS] [AsF(_6)] (X = Br, Cl), have been prepared from this metallo-dithiadiazolylium system. Chapter five outlines the crystal structures of four novel compounds formed by metal-insertion into the S-S bond of the dithiadiazolyl ring. The sixth chapter indicates possible ideas based on the work outlined in this thesis.


Genomic repeats, i.e., pattern searching in the string processing process to find repeated base pairs in the order of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA), requires a long processing time. This research builds a big-data computational model to look for patterns in strings by modifying and implementing the Boyer-Moore algorithm on Apache Spark Streaming for human DNA sequences from the Ensemble site. Moreover, we perform some experiments on cloud computing by varying different specifications of computer clusters with involving datasets of human DNA sequences. The results obtained show that the proposed computational model on Apache Spark Streaming is faster than standalone computing and parallel computing with multicore. Therefore, it can be stated that the main contribution in this research, which is to develop a computational model for reducing the computational costs, has been achieved.


Editor: Not long ago, we read an article in your journal that we found very interesting (Vet Pathol 44:842–848, 2007). The authors (Seixas et al., 2007) described a new histologic pattern in mammary tumors of female cats, the ''Invasive Micropapillary Carcinoma.'' Recently we diagnosed the same histological variant in a mammary tumor from a male cat. This 14-year-old European male cat developed 1 tumor (a 1 cm 3 0.5 cm 3 0.5 cm nodule) in the left inguinal mammary gland. Histologically, the tumor was composed mainly of small papillary structures without stroma (Fig. 1) and small clusters of tumor cells in spaces, mimicking vascular invasion. The polarity of neoplastic cells in each nest was reversed, with the secretion border facing fibrocollagenous stroma. Neoplastic cells had moderate atypia and more than threemitotic figures per high-magnification field.Microscopic metastatic lesions in the regional lymph node had the same micropapillary arrangement as the primary tumor (Fig. 2). Mammary invasive micropapillary carcinoma is a recognized variant of human breast cancer, described by Siriaunkgul and Tavassoli in 1993 and more recently described in dogs and cats. Feline invasive micropapillary carcinoma is a biologically aggressive tumor with decreased survival due to its tendency to invade lymphatic vessels and metastasize. Mammary tumors are rare in male dogs or cats and, as far as we know, mammary invasive micropapillary carcinoma has not been reported in males of either species. In the case we report here, the histologic features and the presence of nodal metastasis indicate that micropapillary mammary carcinoma in the male cat may resemble that in female cats, with similar aggressive behavior and poor prognosis.


One cannot properly understand the Marschall case, without first considering the previous Kalanke judgment. In this 1995 judgment the European Court of Justice (hereafter: ECJ) for the first time expressed itself explicitly on the issue of women's priority rules2 in respect of employment. The Court found national priority rules to be contrary to Community law, a result which caused a considerable stir in the European Community at the time. Just two months after the judgment was rendered, a German Administrative Court again filed some preliminary questions on this controversial issue. Before turning to this case, I will briefly consider the ruling of the ECJ in the Kalanke case and, subsequently, the Community actions which were taken in response to the judgment.


Dilute CaCO 3 suspensions have newtonian behaviors. Concentrated CaCO 3 suspensions have shearing dilution phenomenon, accompanied with some degree of thixothopy characteristics. The coating filled with modified CaCO 3 has better properties in hardess, flexiblity and gloss than unmodified CaCO 3.\;


PURPOSE
We determined the frequency of tumor multifocality in patients with renal cortical tumors, characterized clinical and pathological features associated with multifocality and evaluated its effect on patient survival.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Between July 1989 and July 2002, 1,071 radical nephrectomies were performed at our institution. Specimens were examined grossly and microscopically for multifocal tumors. Preoperative imaging was reviewed to determine whether multifocality was suspected prior to operation. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify clinical and pathological factors associated with multifocality.

RESULTS
Of 1,071 radical nephrectomy specimens 57 (5.3%) had pathological evidence of tumor multifocality. Bilateral synchronous renal cortical tumors were present in 6 of the 57 multifocal cases (11%). A total of 19 cases (33%) had evidence of multifocality on preoperative imaging and, therefore, occult multifocality undetected on preoperative imaging was present in 3.5% of radical nephrectomies (38 of 1,071). Primary tumors in the multifocal group were most commonly conventional clear cell carcinoma, followed by papillary carcinoma. Of multifocal cases 74% had the same histological subtype in all tumors. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that bilaterality, papillary subtype, advanced tumor stage and lymph node metastasis were associated with multifocality. At a median follow up of 40.5 months overall survival, disease-free survival, and disease-free probability were not significantly different between the multifocal and unifocal groups.

CONCLUSIONS
We report a 5.3% frequency of multifocal renal cortical tumors and a 3.5% frequency of clinically unsuspected multifocal tumors. Multifocality had no apparent effect on recurrence or survival in patients who underwent radical nephrectomy.


ABSTRACT Joint retrieval of vegetation status from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical data holds much promise due to the complimentary of the information in the two wavelength domains. SAR penetrates the canopy and includes information about the water status of the soil and vegetation, whereas optical data contains information about the amount and health of leaves. However, due to inherent complexities of combining these data sources there has been relatively little progress in joint retrieval of information over vegetation canopies. In this study, data from Sentinel–1 and Sentinel–2 were used to invert coupled radiative transfer models to provide synergistic retrievals of leaf area index and soil moisture. Results for leaf area are excellent and enhanced by the use of both data sources (RSME is always less than and has a correlation of better than when using both together), but results for soil moisture are mixed with joint retrievals generally showing the lowest RMSE but underestimating the variability of the field data. Examples of such synergistic retrieval of plant properties from optical and SAR data using physically based radiative transfer models are uncommon in the literature, but these results highlight the potential for this approach.


Small liquid drops have many applications in science and technology. In microfluidics research, microscopic drops are used to facilitate micromixing, loading and dispensing reagents from micro-reactors, or to improve the efficiency of cell sorting and fluid sampling systems. Many factors can affect the microdrop generation, such as fluid rheology, flow speed, and interaction of the fluid(gas)-fluid interface with the channel walls. In this paper, a numerical study of the generation of microscopic droplets in a micro-channel of complex geometry is presented. The multiphase flow with interface in complex micro-channel is described by a coupled immersed boundary and level-set frontcapturing methods. Comparison of the simulation with experimental results is also presented. Introduction Water-in-oil microdrops are very promising for use as nanoreactors. The well-defined and isolated compartments allow the individual reaction in each drop free of contamination or disturbance by outside environment. The ever-increasing interests in droplet-based microfluidic technologies has triggered the recent increase in research activity in the area using both experimental and numerical methods[1, 13, 4, 7]. Numerical modelling of water-in-oil flow in microchannels is a challenging task due to the presence of fluid-fluid interfaces and the limitation of the analytical and numerical methods in dealing with complex geometries. To describe the complex evolution of the fluid-fluid interfaces either the 'Lagrangian', 'Eulerian' or 'hybrid' methods can be used. The Eulerian methods which keep track of the interface motion and deformation using either particle, volume, or functional trackers are computationally efficient as they do not require grid deformation or explicitly following the movement of the interface. As a result, they can easily deal with multiple interface system and topological changes of the interface which happen during interface break-up or coalescence. A method of interface tracking technique based on the use of a level function, which is smooth and is convected by underlying flow on the Eulerian stationary grid has been derived by Osher et al. [8]. To deal with complex geometries, an immersed boundary method [6, 5, 12] has been developed in stead of using body fitted grids. In this method, a forcing field is introduced into the flow, so that the desired velocity can be achieved at the virtual immersed boundaries. The method allows simulation of flows in complex geometries using simple rectangular computational meshes without a need of coordinate transformation or domain partition. In this study, a numerical method will be presented to model two-phase flows with interfaces in complex geometries. The level-set front tracking method will be used which is coupled with a high-resolution Navier-Stokes solver to provide an accurate prediction of the interface movement. The method is used to investigate the drop generation in a microchannel. Technical approach Immersed boundary method The immersed boundary method simplifies the representation of complex boundary geometries and boundary motion by using simple rectangular computational meshes. Essentially, a body force field is introduced and applied in the grid nodes in the vicinity of the boundaries, so that the chosen speed of boundary movement can be achieved. There are two methods to compute the virtual boundary forces based on the concepts of either (i) feedback forcing [6] or (ii) direct forcing [5, 12]. In this work, the method of direct forcing is employed which compared to the feedback forcing method does not require small computational time step and is more efficient for three-dimensional implementation. The momentum equation of fluid flow is written as, ∂u ∂t +u ·∇u =− ρ +ν∇2u+ f, (1) where u is the velocity vector of the fluid, t is time, p is pressure, ρ is the fluid density and ν is the kinematic viscosity of fluid. The bold characters refer to vectors hereafter. The force field f determined by f(x) = u ·∇u+ ∇P ρ −ν∇2u+ V−uo ∆t with x ∈ Γ (2) will impose the condition u = V at the virtual boundary Γ. Level set front-tracking method Essentially, the level-set method employs a smooth level function, φ, to describe the interface separating two immiscible fluids [8, 9]. This level function is chosen as a signed distance function with the zero level set defining the interface location. The level function is positive in one fluid region and negative in the other one and its absolute value indicates the distance to the interface. The level function is convected by flow field via,


Streptococcal infections in poultry, although not common, occur worldwide (1). Peckham (4), reviewing published literature on these diseases, stated that fewer than two dozen papers had been written from the time of the first, by Nogaard and Mohler in 1902 (3), to 1966, the date of his own report. The species most commonly responsible for outbreaks of streptococcosis in domestic birds are Streptococcus zooepidemicus and S. faecalis (1,4), which respectively belong to Lancefield's groups C and D. S. faecalis is extremely common in the intestinal contents of mammals and birds, becoming a pathogen only under unusual circumstances (letter dated 17 February 1978 from W. B. Gross, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia). Isolates of S. faecium (S. durans Sherman and Wing, 1937) injected intravenously into chickens have induced endocarditis (1), but there are no published records of natural infections. This paper reports an outbreak of S. zooepidemicus infection in the eared grebe (Podiceps nigricollis). It appears to be the first record of epizootic streptococcosis in any wild avian species.


Analyzing identity is of special importance for contemporary research into life situations of the disabled. Such analysis faces a number of considerable obstacles which stem from the variety of concepts of identity between disciplines and theories. The article analyzes the existing interpretations of identity and outlines the main factors contributing to current identification problems of a disabled person. The differentiated and multi-conceptual status of identity allows us to outline a number of models. Of these, four models developed by R. Robinson and Z. Bokszaсski the model of health, the model of outlook, the egological model and the interactive model are the most productive for interpreting the identity of the disabled. All of these four, as well as other concepts, are a reflection of the debates on the impact individual and social factors have on identity and its functions. Analysis of the existing theories has led us to a conclusion that most theorists pay more attention to the social factors of identity formation than to the individual ones. Thus, T. Parsons interprets identity as a consequence of man's involvement in social life. Throughout centuries, the importance of social factors for identity formation has been changing. These changes have become notably more conspicuous in the case of the disabled. We are at the moment witnessing the demise of universal dominant identity. It has become elastic, variable, diffuse and fragmentary. This is due to the impact of globalization, to stimulating consumer interest and to other sociocultural developments. The variety and multiplicity of identifications make identity situative and heterogeneous, which, in turn, may increase the general stress and contribute to the rise in psychiatric disorders typical for modern civilization. The same can be observed in disabled persons.


Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a heterogeneous disorder of immune dysregulation of T and autoreactive B cells leading to the immune-mediated destruction of platelets due to the eventual loss of immune tolerance against platelet epitopes.


In this study, we present the main results obtained during the archaeological survey of a vast area south of Beira Interior, in the region of International river Tagus, followed by the excavation of the more representative and best preserved funerary megalithic monuments. In this way, it was possible to identify several types of monuments and to relate these with the artefact findings, and to develop a model to explain the architectonic succession of funerary megalithic monuments in the region. It was also possible to observe some constructive particularities in some of these monuments, and aspects related to the ritual deposition of remains, herein summarized.


Solar Cells
The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of all-inorganic perovskites are lower than those of materials with organic cations. This is in part because these materials have larger bandgaps. The cubic crystal phases of these materials also exhibit poor stability. Wang et al. synthesized the tetragonal β-phase of CsPbI3 from HPbI3 and CsI. The material exhibited higher stability and a more favorable bandgap, which allowed for PCEs of 15%. Passivation of the surface trap state with choline iodide boosted PCEs to 18%.

Science , this issue p. [591][1]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aav8680


Intelligent technology is developing at an amazing speed. Since its birth, intelligence has been continuously deepening its research into the legal field from general issues in just over 40 years. Judicial expert system is a branch of the study of intelligent expert system. However, intelligent court is still short of research in simulating judge's thinking to conduct legal reasoning. Therefore, the significance of this study is to promote the intelligent system to promote judicial progress, so as to save judicial cost and improve case handling efficiency. By sorting out the theoretical basis of the expert system of judicial judgment, and dividing the cases into simple cases and difficult cases, this paper attempts to simulate the legal thinking of judges in judicial activities on this basis, and preliminarily model the reasoning mode of the expert system of judicial judgment, and then deduce the final conclusion. The research results of this paper show that it is not far-fetched to realize the substitution of the role of the hercules all-knowing omnipotent judge under devokin's pen with the help of the functional system, and finally to achieve the perfect unification of formal justice and substantive justice of the judgment result.


Abstract INTRODUCTION: Plexiform neurofibroma(PN) is a challenging benign tumor. Recently, MEK inhibitors (MEKi) showed encouraging tumor response. We report the observed effect of Trametinib on leg length discrepancy (LLD) in a child with NF1. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 4 year old girl with sporadic NF1, developed progressive bilateral L1-L5 paraspinal PN extending to the left thigh resulting in hypertrophy of left leg and associated with LLD. At 33 months of age, length difference of 2.8 cm between both femurs was described on scanogram with a projected LLD of at 6.1- 6.2 cm LLD at bone maturity using the multiplier method, a common method of predicting LLD. At 36 months of age, treatment with Trametinib was initiated for her large PN. Ten months into therapy, parents reported impression of decrease swelling of her left thigh enlargement. MRI evaluation showed stable measurement of PN using the RECIST criteria. Repeat measurement on scanogram at 46 months of age disclosed a stable difference of 2.8 cm between both femurs, with a LLD projected at 5.2-5.3 cm at maturity by multiplier method. Bone age at study entry and at 11 months into therapy (Greulich-Pyle) was reported normal for chronologic age. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: LLD has not been commonly described in association with NF1 related PN. Given the PN involved mainly the left thigh in our patient, it is reasonable to suggest common underlying mechanism for the PN and faster growth of her left femur. Although with limited time point's measurements, the early observation of stabilization of the LLD, 10 months into Trametinib therapy suggesting a final discrepancy in femurs length less than initially predicted, is encouraging. Further evaluation at completion of treatment and on follow-up are needed. Larger case series will be useful to explore this unexpected and possible clinical effect of MEKi in NF1 children.


From the Publisher:
Find out what it takes to be a successful,problem-solving Oracle DBA. Learn the ins-and-outs of Oracle database administration from the experts. Oracle DBA 101 describes in detail the day-to-day duties of a database administrator—and how to accomplish them—including installation,management,troubleshooting,monitoring,tuning,security issues,and much more. Plus you'll get expert,on-the-job advice from seasoned DBAs. Inside,learn to: install and configure a robust,scalable Oracle database; monitor general database activity,user sessions,and object modifications; manage and protect data; install and support Oracle tools and software; handle backup and recovery; use DBA_ and V$ views; keep your server running at peak performance. Ideal for the aspiring Oracle database administrator as well as the Oracle application developer moving to a DBA role,Oracle DBA 101 will get you on your way to becoming one of the most in-demand IT professionals in the field


The present paper is devoted to simulation of coniferous tree gas-phase ignition by ground lightning discharge. Pine tree is under consideration. Oxidation of carbon monoxide by oxygen is the main chemical reaction. The problem is solved in one-dimensional statement in cylindrical system of coordinates. Parametric investigation of volt-ampere characteristics influence on stem ignition process has been carried out for negative and positive ground lightning discharges. Times of ignition delay in a typical range of influence parameters change have been established.


A few studies 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 dealing with the relationship between the hypophysis and nutrition have been reported, but no systematic investigation on the nutritional requirements of hypophysectomized rats has yet been made. In this communication are recorded our preliminary results of the growth studies of hypophysectomized rats fed with proteins of different nutritive values. Method The procedure for the growth study is essentially that of Osborne and Mendel 6 . Five groups (10 animals each) of hypophysectomized rats were fed isocaloric diets containing 30% test proteins, 32% Amidex∗ 24% crisco, 2% Cod Liver Oil, 8% yeast, and 4% of a salt mixture. The vitamin supplements for each one hundred grams of the diet are: The food consumption and the weight of the test animals were recorded twice weekly. During the entire test period of three weeks, the animals received subcutaneously 0.1 mg of a purified growth hormone preparation, isolated from beef pituitary glands, every morning. Results The data (see the accompanying table) demonstrate that animals on a proteinfree diet failed to survive for even a week in spite of their average consumption of approximately 5 g per rat per day. In contrast with this the normal, unoperated rats of the same age survived for more than 2 weeks on the same protein-free diet in spite of their gradual loss of weight. The weights of animals on the test protein diets increased significantly. The increase was the smallest for soya protein diet and the greatest for the casein diet, even though the animals on soya protein consumed approximately the same amount of food as the animals on either the vitamin-free casein or lactalbumin diets. After the second and third weeks of feeding, the food consumption by rats of all groups dropped markedly.


Original Research Article This research aims to analyze the total response of productivity factors in the medium scale manufacturing industry in Indonesia. Pooled secondary data was collected from the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics for the period 20112014. The model estimated is a multiple regression model. Stationary test, cointegration test, redundant fixed effect test, and Hausman test for random effects were used to estimate the common, fixed, and random models of cross section at national level pooled data in Indonesia for the food industry, textile industry, manufacturing industry and for large and medium scale industries, large industries, and medium industries. The results of the study showed that the total productivity factor for productive labor variable was 0.4961; which informs the position of decreasing return to scale in the food, textile and manufacturing industries as well as the manufacturing industry on large and medium scale industries, large industries, and medium industries. The ability to change production factor variables which are low in explaining changes in the output value variable and decreasing return to scale position makes it clear about the causes of problems outside of the productivity factors that give rise to the ambiguity of improving economic growth in the manufacturing industry in Indonesia.


Steven Bullard is currently a Senior Research officer with the Australia-Japan Research project at the Australian War Memorial. He has recently completed a PhD at the Australian National University concerning representation and identity in Meiji Japan as seen in the celebrations of the 1100th Anniversary of Kyoto in 1895. His research interests include Meiji period Shintō and the state, medieval warrior monks, and Australia and Japan in the Pacific War.


Ciclopirox olamine is an antifungal agent widely used in dermatological formulations for topical application. The methods described for its determination usually present time-consuming sample treatment or require major human participation. Here we present a rapid flow system for the determination of ciclopirox olamine, based on the use of sequential injection analysis with terbium-sensitized luminescence detection. The reaction between terbium and the analyte is carried out on-line, recording the analytical signal at 300/545 nm (λex/λem). A detection limit of 15 µg L−1 and a R.S.D. of 3% (n = 10) were obtained. It is worth mentioning that the method here presented is the only one that uses a flow system for the determination of ciclopirox olamine. The flow system was applied to the analysis of different pharmaceutical preparations available in the Spanish Pharmacopoeia. A recovery study was performed, obtaining satisfactory results. The high solution throughput obtained, 50 samples per hour, makes the method suitable for its implementation in pharmaceutical laboratories for routine analysis.


Inovation experiment based on intelligent robots is reviewed in this paper, which was introduced to UESTC six years ago. Considering varieties of college students from different majors and grades, older robot platforms not open enough and in need of costly maintenance, a series of reformation on training mode, teaching material and scoring method have been adopted and greatly improved. These measures have effectively helped students of different background master robotic control techniques.


ATPase activity with pH = 7.5 optimum was observed in nuclear and mitochondrial fractions from maize coleoptiles. The influence of some auxins and cytokinin type plant growth-regulators on ATPase activity of maize coleoptiles and especially on cell nuclear and mitochondrial fractions, at different concentrations, was investigated. It was established that the auxins IAA (3-indolylacetic acid), 2M-4-CPAA (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) and H-2M-4-CPAA (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic hydrazide) and cytokinin kinetin (6-furfurylaminopurine) have positive effect upon the elongation of maize cells. There are no literature data on the effects of kinetin and H-2M-4-CPAA not only on ATPase activity, but also on other processes and activities of the maize cell.


This article has been double-blind peer reviewedIn this article…Pathogenesis, types of and risk factors for arterial diseasesCellular mechanism of atherosclerosisVasculitides, a rarer type of vascular diseaseAbstract With its arteries and veins, the vascular system connects the heart with all other


"Supply Chain Management" is one of the core professional curriculum of the Logistics Management in Higher Vocational Schools,it takes a crucial part in developing student's professional quality, and improves students' competency of modern logistics operation and management based on Supply Chain. The core content of this curriculum is gambling relation between enterprises, which takes a long span of time and space. Through redesigning the courses, reconstructing the contents, innovating teaching mode and reforming teaching method, we can reinforce students' positivity and go-aheadism, enhanced their key competency and the professional competency.


The subject of social assistance in our country at present is virtually the government assistance.Inevitable limitation of the government assistance makes the intervention space of non-governmental organizations in social assistance rather large,and non-governmental organizations have obvious superiority.Non-governmental organizations in our country are developing fast,and play a more and more important role in social assistance.Meanwhile,the development of non-governmental organizations also exists many problems.Measures should be adopted to promote healthy development of non-governmental organizations and to bring the functions in social assistance into full play.


This report analyzes business innovation finance in Canada. It provides a conceptual overview of the innovation finance challenge, then proposes ways to address that challenge that reflect the perspectives of innovative companies and financiers. The report focuses, in particular, on the special characteristics of Canadian capital markets that determine their suitability for funding innovation. We conclude with some suggestions for improving Canada's innovation finance system.


There is considerable interest within the industry in specifying the performance of wireless data. In this letter, we review and contrast various performance metrics such as peak rates, average throughput, and user experience. We discuss the relevance of these measures to varying applications such as marketing, planning, and technology comparisons.


A customized and efficient powder coating requires flexible plant engineering. A renowned manufacturer of aluminium sections can react quickly to the numerous shades desired by his customers by means of two movable plastic cabins featuring automatic internal cleaning.


The acute toxicity studies of crude seed extracts of Pongamia Pinnata and Annona Squamosa were studied in female Albino Wister rats. The studies included the gross observation such as changes in body weight and food intake. Rats are grouped as 5 rats in each group. The rats treated with pongamia pinnata with dose of 2000mg/kg body weight were safe. Where as in annona Squamosa treated rats with same dose mortality occurred. The dose of annona was reduced to 300mg/kg bw and observed for consecutive 14 days. This dose of Annona was safe. The changes in body weight and biochemical parameters were statistically significant and increasingly not significant when compared to that of control group of rats. It is proved by this study that Annona extract is very toxic than Pongamia extract.


The giant corporations look at CSR as a business strategy now while only seldom answering to the 'corporate conscience' . Taking into consideration this failure of companies to recognize society as a legitimate stakeholder, the government in India responded by ushering a new provision altogether. This recent reformation of the Company Law in India focusing on healthy corporate governance, uncovered a bold move towards CSR which is the subject of discussion.


Admiral Sir Astley Cooper Key, K. C. B., late Superintendent of the Royal Naval College at Greenwich, and formerly Naval Commander of Malta, before leaving this country for a foreign station, placed in my hands the original record of tidal observations made by a self-registering tide-gauge at La Valetta, extending through one entire lunation and through parts of others. On the location and construction and use of the instrument I have received from Sir Cooper Key the following notes:— "The place of the tide-gauge was about 40 or 50 yards from the entrance of the Somerset Dock (which is in the French Creek, so called by us), on the western side or left hand when entering the dock. A channel about a yard wide, and 8 or 10 yards long, led to a deep recess in which the gauge was placed. No ripple was felt from the effect either of wind or of ships moving in the neighbourhood.


The interaction of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) with the sulfide mineral surfaces, chalcopyrite (CuFeS 2 ), chalcocite (Cu 2 S) and synthetic copper sulfide (Cu x s) thin films, was investigated by Raman spectroscopy. Gold was evaporated onto the sulfide surface to facilitate surface enhancement of Raman scattering. Raman and gold-induced SERS spectra from mineral surfaces exposed for various times to solutions of different MBT concentrations, recorded before and after gold decoration, were used to elucidate the mechanism of collector adsorption. Spectra were identified with MBT bonded to copper atoms in the mineral surface and not to bonding to the gold overlayer. Spectra obtained from each sulfide surface displayed the band arising from the NCS ring stretch vibration of MBT downshifted from its position from CuMBT. The shift was similar to that found previously for MBT chemisorbed on a copper metal electrode. MBT chemisorbs to copper atoms in the mineral surfaces through the exocyclic sulfur atom.


Enhancement-mode (E-mode) metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MESFETs) based on single nanowires (NWs) were reported. The single NW used is n-CdS NW. Source-drain channel of the nano-MESFET is pinched off by the top surrounding Schottky gate at zero bias. When Schottky gate voltage (VG) changes from 0to0.25V, the source-drain current increases exponentially with VG, and an on/off current ratio of 5×103 is obtained. The maximum transconductance is 14.6nA∕V, and the gate leakage current is lower than source-drain current by more than two orders of magnitude. Their results suggest a way of fabricating E-mode nano-field-effect transistors.


FIELD: radio engineering, communication. SUBSTANCE: Weber function-based quantum attack-secure encryption method employs Weber function cycles for elliptical curves on a number comparable with 1 modulo 8, and the cycles are determined by low-order Elkies isogenies. The next value of the Weber function is found as a root of an integer-valued symmetrical multinomial. The secret key is a list of integers (N 1 , …, N k ), where N i is the number of steps performed per cycle of Weber functions for an Elkies isogeny of the order l i , and the public key is a value of the Weber function of the last isogeny. A positive direction on the cycle is given during the first calculation of the Weber function for the isogeny of the order l. To this end, the isogeny core is selected as divider of the power of the (l-1)/2 l-th division polynomial which determines the minimum expansion ratio in which points of the core lie, and the three most-significant coefficients of the polynomial, which defines the core, are used to calculate coefficients of the isogenic image of the elliptical curve. Steps on the cycle are performed according to the sign of the number N i . EFFECT: protection from quantum attacks. 3 cl, 2 dwg


The use of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) as high-end compute engines has proven to be successful in several classes of problems and their application as "big data" supercomputers has already started to be investigated. This paper presents the main approaches in the sate-of-the-art with research highlights as well as skeptics considerations. It will then proceed to analyze the storage vs. network characteristics of present-day systems in the context of "big data" processing. The analysis will reveal that there exist obstacles to overcome in virtually all present-day FPGA supercomputers. This work will then proceed with proposed approaches from on-going research in the AFORMI project. These are the decoupling of the memory data accesses from execution, leading to transaction oriented compute paradigms, the use of FPGAs as "snooping" processors, and the need for low-overhead FPGA interconnection protocols.


Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, temperature, and time can degrade proteins. Here, the authors show that gold nanoparticles significantly protect human serum albumin from denaturation when exposed to "stressing" conditions such as UV irradiation and sustained exposure in suboptimal conditions. In particular, the authors show that gold nanoparticles significantly reduce the decrease in secondary structure induced by UV irradiation or extended exposure to ambient temperature.


A relation is given between the frequency of the proton resonance of the hydroxyl group of a hydrogen-bonded alkanol in liquid solution, the molar concentration of hydroxyl group, and the equilibrium constant for hydrogen-bonding assuming linear association. The relation is applied to the authors' results for 1-dodecanol and squalane, and to other authors' results for alkanols in non-methylenic solvents. Values for the thermodynamic parameters of hydrogen-bonding are given, and it is shown that the consistency of the results justifies the model.


The study investigated the impact of historical and future climate changes on potential natural vegetation (PNV) types and net primary productivity (NPP) in Australia, using the Comprehensive and Sequential Classification System model and the Miami model coupled with climate of the 1931–70 and 1971–2010 periods and the projected climate in 2050. Twenty-eight vegetation classes were classified based on the key climate indicators with four of them being the major vegetation classes corresponding to Australian rangelands and accounting for 75% of total land area. There was a substantial shift in areas of vegetation classes from the 1931–70 period to the 1971–2010 period due to the increased rainfall over large areas across Australia. The modelling projected a range of changes in vegetation classes for 2050 depending on the climate-change scenario used. Many vegetation classes with more intense land use (e.g. steppe and forest) were projected to decrease in 2050, which may have significant impact on the grazing industry and biodiversity conservation. By 2050, NPP was projected to increase in central and northern Australia and to decrease in southern and eastern coastal areas and was projected to be higher on average than that of the 1931–70 period. The vegetation classes approximately corresponding to Australian rangelands mostly had increased NPP projections compared with the 1931–70 period. Although actual response will partially depend on human management activities, fire and extreme events, the projected increase in average NPP in 2050 indicates that Australian vegetation, particularly the rangeland vegetation, will likely be a net carbon sink rather than a carbon source by 2050, with the exception of a 'warm-dry' scenario.


In his recent paper, Schilling [1964] postulated that the exosphere of Mars may exert a drag on Phobos of sufficient magnitude to account for the secular acceleration in longitude of this satellite as given by Sharpless [1945]. In his examination of the problem, Schilling cited the results of Kerr and Whipple [1954], which indicated that the tide in the mantle of Mars would be about 800 times too small to account for Phobos' secular acceleration. Schilling, consequently, did not consider the tidal effect as a significant contributor to the secular acceleration.

F. F. Fish and I [Redmond and Fish, 1964] have re-examined the possibility of a tidal effect being responsible for Phobos' secular acceleration. We have calculated the minimum and the maximum values for the lunitidal interval in Mars that are required to account for the secular acceleration of Phobos; these are 1.1° and 4.4°, respectively. The uncertainty of the result is due to the uncertainties in the physical constants involved in the Mars-Phobos system.


Chemical sensor is an effective way to detect pollutant, toxic and combustible gases. Therefore, a lot of effort has been focused on this field. The conventional metal oxide gas sensors are activated by heat, generally working at a temperature between 200 and 400 o C, which limits their applications to flammable gases and some special conditions such as being as biosensors. Recently, many efforts aimed to improve gas sensor performance. The research on nanostructures, giving rise to an increased specific surface area, has brought to significant improvement in sensitivity. Additionally, theoretical models have been developed to justify the size-dependent behaviour of the gas response of nanocrystalline oxides. Moreover, addition of catalysts and/or dopants has been used to obtain a better selectivity; however, stable chemoresistive gas sensors can be obtained only by preparing materials and sensing layers with well controlled morphological, structural and electrical properties. Titanium dioxide nanomaterial was prepared by sol gel method. First we made titanium solution, it had reacted TiO2 powder (Merck) and 98% concentrated H2SO4. Solution was kept for 4 days and then followed by stirring. In this research, stirring rate were varied 600, 700 and 800 rpm for 2.5 hours at 250 o C. This process were continued until we find gel phase and dried the gel at 350 o C for 1 h. Dried gel were


CoY catalysts were prepared by ion-exchanged method. Gas chromatography was used for the analysis of N 2O conversion and the evaluation of catalytic activity. The results show that CoY and Co 2+-exchanged zeolite-like catalyst have an unusual hydrothermal stability.


In highly stratified reservoirs, welibore crossflow can have an important impact on reservoir behaviour, and crossflow effects need to be modelled accurately in numerical simulation. The simple approach of shutting in crossflowing layers can lead to incorrect predictions. This paper describes two methods for calculating welibore crossflow in a reservoir simulator. The first model assumes that the fluids in the weilbore are completely mixed, while the second model is a new method based on an exact solution for the fluid composition at each level in the well, using material balance calculations in the wellbore. These methods have been implemented in a generalised compositional simulator, but are equally suitable for black oil models. They can be used with both IMPES and fully implicit solution schemes. The solution of the wellbore equations is decoupled from the main solution algorithm, and does not affect the numerical stability of the simulator. An example is presented to compare results from the two models.


In geographical graphs, restriction on the Euclidian length of edges between nodes far from each other plays an important role in determining their structures. We propose a stochastic network model developed in one-dimensional lattice, in which distribution of Euclidian length of edges is determined by the prosperity of random transports represented by random walkers and ageing of edges. We showed by numerical calculation that the increase rate of typical length of edges changes from a rate proportional to ∼ t1/3 to the normal diffusion rate ∼ t1/2 as time t passes. As a result, the evolved network is able to spread in the one-dimensional lattice in a range determined by the lifetime of vertices with large degree. The edge length distribution is supported by the smallness of the mean shortest path length and largeness of the local clustering of vertices regardless of the value of vertex degree.


Objective: Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury of the lungs is still a critical problem and a challenge in the field of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. This study will evaluate effects of Ulinastatin(UTI) on the Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1(ICAM-1) in the lung ischemia-reperfusion injury of rats. Methods: Single lung in suit warm I/R animal model was used. The rats were subjected to 90 min left lung ischemia followed by 30 min and 120 min of reperfusion separately. The animals were divided into 6 groups. The lungs were removed before ischemia (group pre-I, n=6), before reperfusion (group pre-R, n=6), 30 min (group NU-30, n=6) and 120 min (group NU-120, n=6) after reperfusion began. The UTI (50000 U/kg) was administered just before reperfusion began and the lungs were removed 30 min (group U-30, n=6) and 120 min (group U-120, n=6) after reperfusion began. For ELISA assay of ICAM-1, the supernatants from left lung tissue homogenates were used. Results: The level of ICAM-1 was increasing as ischemia and reperfusion lasted from Group Pre-R to Group Nu- 120. When UTI was admitted before reperfusion, the ICAM-1 was down-regulated as seen in the Group U-30 and the group U-120, but in the group U-30 the ICAM-1 was down-regulated significantly(P<0.05). Conclusion: Ulinastatin protects lung through down-regulate intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) expression in model of experimental ischemia reperfusion injury.


Coverage path planning (CPP) has been extensively studied in the literature, which is a key step to realize robotic applications that require complete coverage of a region, such as lawn mowing, room cleaning, land assessment, search and rescue. However, CPP for multiple regions has gained much less attention, which arises in many real scenarios. This multiregional CPP problem can be considered as a variant of the traveling salesman problem (TSP) enhanced with CPP, namely TSP-CPP. In this paper, we extend our previous investigation on the TSP-CPP problem to further consider the energy constraint of the robots. As the constrained TSP-CPP problem has an NP-Hard computational complexity, a stepwise selection based heuristic algorithm is developed to solve the problem. Simulation experiments and comparison studies show the good performance of the proposed algorithm in balancing optimality and efficiency.


During strong earthquakes, significant excess pore pressures can develop in saturated soils. After shaking ceases, the dissipation of these pressures can cause significant soil settlement, creating downward-acting frictional loads on piled foundations. Additionally, if the piles do not support the full axial load at the end of shaking, then the proportion of the superstructure's vertical loading carried by the piles may change as a result of the soil settlement, further altering the axial load distribution on piles as the soil consolidates. In this paper, the effect of hydraulic conductivity and initial post-shaking pile head loading is investigated in terms of the changing axial load distribution and settlement responses. The investigation is carried out by considering the results from four dynamic centrifuge experiments in which a 2 × 2 pile group was embedded in a two-layer profile and subjected to strong shaking. It is found that large contrasts in hydraulic conductivity between the two layers of the soil model affected both the pile group settlements and axial load distribution. Both these results stem from the differences in excess pore pressure dissipation, part of which took place very rapidly when the underlying soil layer had a large hydraulic conductivity.


Sometimes we never realize the attainability of our dreams until a door cracks open, and we get to peek inside.


We start from the claim that trust in information sources is in fact just a kind of social trust. We are interested in the fact that the relevance and the trustworthiness of the information acquired by an agent X from a source F, strictly depends and derives from the X's trust in F with respect the kind of that information. Even if, of course, we have also to consider the potential (positive and negative) interferences between this information and the previous X's beliefs. In this paper, we analyze the different dimensions of trust in information sources and formalize the degree of subjective certainty or strength of the X's belief P, considering three main factors: the X's trust about P just depending from the X's judgement of the source's competence and reliability; the sources' degree of certainty about P; and the X's degree of trust that P derives from that given source. Finally we present a computational approach based on fuzzy sets and some interesting examples of significant cases. 1 Premise In our perspective [Castelfranchi and Falcone, 2010; Castelfranchi et al, 2003] trust in information sources is just a kind of social trust, preserving all its prototypical properties and dimensions; just adding new important features and dynamics. In particular, also the trust in information sources [Demolombe, 1999] can just be an evaluation, judgment and feeling, or be a decision to rely on, and act of believing in and to the trustee (Y) and rely on it. Also this trust and the perceived trustworthiness of Y, has two main dimensions: the ascribed competence versus the ascribed willingness (intentions, persistence, reliability, honesty, sincerity, etc.). Also this form of trust is not empty, without a, more or less specified, object/argument: " X trusts Y " ! As we have shown, trust is for/about something, it has an object: what X expects from Y; Y's service, action, provided good. And it is also context-dependent: in a given situation; with internal or external causal attribution in case Copyright c ï¿¿ by the paper's authors. Copying permitted only for private and academic purposes.


Molossus fluminensis is a species of the wide diversified family Molossidae. Representants of this family have evolved under pressures associated to two different behaviors — a high speed and efficient flight and a good quadrupedal ability. The aim of this study is to describe in detail the morphological characters of M. fluminensis, focusing on its skeletal features, and to point out the main characters that could represent functional responses to the evolution of the quadrupedal ability and habitat use in the group. Furthermore, we aim to contribute to the knowledge of a recently revalidated and cryptic species of Molossus, giving a morphometric characterization for the species and notes on sexual dimorphism. Four adult specimens of M. fluminensis, one male and three females, were prepared as skin and skeleton, and five external and 146 linear measurements of the skeleton were taken. The anatomical characters were described following current literature and included the axial and appendicular skeleton. We found that the male presented greater measurements than females in most linear characters, and had a more developed sagittal and lambdoid crests, while the ischiatic arcade was more caudally projected in females. A narrow rib cage, a long, thin sternum, and a cranially oriented ventral process of manubrium make the M. fluminensis body more compact dorsoventrally without compromising the area of insertion of the flight musculature. These appear to be adaptations for roosting in narrow crevices. The expanded sacral vertebrae, the deep gluteal fossa of the ilium, and the presence of well-developed processes on the first caudal vertebra, point to a greater area for muscle origin in this region, while the well-developed trochanters and ridges of the femur and tibia provide surfaces for muscle attachment. Together, these characteristics point to a great range of movement of the limbs and the tail, important factors during quadrupedal locomotion. The results obtained here may shed light on the evolution of quadrupedalism in molossids and other quadrupedal bats.


ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to thank Chris Welsh and Tom Purucker for their review of and comments on this report. v PREFACE While considerable research has been conducted on contaminant transfer from soil to earthworms, most studies focus on only a single location, and external validation of transfer models has not been performed. The purpose of this document, then, was to develop a database of soil and tissue concentrations for 9 inorganic and 2 organic chemicals based on data from 31 studies from 11 countries and 5 states. This information will form a critical component in many ecological risk assessments performed on the Oak Ridge Reservation. Related plant and small mammal data are presented in companion reports ES/ER/TM-218 and ES/ER/TM-219, respectively.


The article introduces several kinds of the protective system s of earthing,and puts forward the earthing system for intelligent building,and ma kes a detailed explanation and analysis of various kinds of measures of ground c onnection.


The degrees of susceptibility of oat cultivars Tachiibuki and Haeibuki to infection by 3 Meloidogyne species (M. incognita, M. arenaria, and M. hapla) were examined. Reproduction rates of 3 M. incognita populations on Tachiibuki in greenhouse experiments were low, and this confirmed our previous field experiments. The reproduction rates of 3 M. arenaria populations were low on Tachiibuki and on Haeibuki, whereas the latter is a suitable host for M. incognita. With regard to invasion of second-stage juveniles (J2), similar rates were observed for M. incognita and M. arenaria on Tachiibuki and Haeibuki roots 5 days after inoculation at 25°C. After 30 days, however, Tachiibuki roots inoculated with M. incognita or M. arenaria contained only a small number of mature females compared to the suitable nematode hosts. Most J2 nematodes on Tachiibuki roots were undeveloped and a relatively high percentage of males was observed. We conclude that the low rates of reproduction of these 2 root-knot nematode species on Tachiibuki can be attributed to the inhibition of development from the J2 stage to mature females. For the 3 M. hapla populations, reproduction was close to zero and root invasion was minimal on both oat cultivars.


Athetis lepigone Moschler is a new kind of insect pest occurring in summer corn production areas.By investigation,it was found especially serious in straw returning fields.In this paper,its damage status was investigated in straw returning and chemical controlled fields respectively.The results showed that the rate of damaged plants was 82% and the highest pest number per 100 plants was 88 in the straw returning fields without chemical control.The application of herbicides and pesticides had no significant effects on the occurrence amount and damage rate and decreased the pest number per 100 plants a little compared to no chemical control.But in the summer maize fields without straw returning,the application of herbicides and pesticides could significantly decrease the damage of Athetis lepigone with the rate of damaged plants as 20% and the pest number per 100 plants as 6.


In addition to being able to initiate malignant growth, the carcinogenic hydrocarbons have been shown to stimulate cell division of certain microörganisms. Since it has been postulated that cancer may be associated with an abnormal glucose metabolism, it was thought of interest to study the effect of a typical carcinogenic hydrocarbon on the growth and glucose utilization of Fusarium lini. This fungus has been shown to grow well on a medium composed of mineral salts and glucose as the only source of carbon producing a typical alcoholic fermentation. 1 The carcinogenic hydrocarbon selected for this study was 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene. The culture medium had the following composition: Since in preliminary tests the above hydrocarbon had no effect on the growth of Fusarium lini grown on the above medium, it was felt that this might be due to the low solubility of the hydrocarbon in the medium. Therefore in the work here reported a water-soluble oxidation product of the hydrocarbon was used. This was prepared by a method similar to that of Boyland and Boyland 2 as follows: A solution containing 0.123 gm. of 1, 2, 5, 6-dibenzanthracene, dissolved in a small amount of anhydrous benzene, was exposed for 1 1/4 hours to the rays from a mercury arc ultraviolet light source. The solution was exposed directly to the light by being placed in a thin layer in one-half of a large Petri dish. From time to time benzene was added to replace that lost by evaporation. Finally the benzene was evaporated and the residue irradiated for 15 minutes. This residue was then extracted with several small portions of water, the washings filtered and the volume made up to 100 cc. This extract was used in the subsequent work.


Aluminum borate( Al4B2O9) nano whiskers were synthesized via a hydrothermal method at low temperature(400- 550℃) using borax,ammonia chloride and aluminum as raw materials. The structure and morphology of the as-prepared products were characterized by X-ray diffraction( XRD),field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer(EDS). The results showed that the product prepared at 500℃ was Al4B2O9 nano whiskers. The diameter of Al4B2O9 nano whiskers was in the range of 45- 110 nm and the length was in the range of 2- 5 μm. The possible formation mechanism of aluminum borate nano whiskers synthesis by hydrothermal method was proposed. Ammonia generated from the decomposition of ammonium chloride prevents the excessive agglomeration of boron oxide around the alumina particles to avoid the increase of supersaturation on the side surface. Thus,nucleation growth at radial direction is inhibited. In the whisker forming process,limited boron oxide adsorbed on the surface migrates to the top through diffusion to feed for the screw dislocation.


Develop a business plan that allows the creation of enterprise to implement thin client for the education sector and other sectors.


Considering the power of intervention and invention of language (ROCHA, 2006, 2014), this paper aims to understand poetry slam as a contemporary speech genre of reexistence (SOUZA, 2011) which echoes the voices of socio historically subordinated subjects - mainly peripheric young blacks - our southern voices. The theoretical-methodological proposal focuses on the discourse analysis of the slam-poem entitled "21st century", by Weslley Jesus (WJ) - a Rio de Janeiro slammer - available on YouTube. The analysis shows resistance positionings against hegemonic discourses that legitimate necropolitics destined to young blacks from the Brazilian peripheries. These voices make use of language as an aesthetic-political-ideological instrument that resists racism and other forms of oppression. The results point out the importance that other studies about slam poetry be carried out in order to further develop the analyses about this contemporary speech genre of reexistence, bringing the voices and demands of subjects who were taken away from knowledge production to the center of debate.


Gupta S, Fricker FJ, González‐Peralta RP, Slayton WB, Schuler PM, Dharnidharka VR. Post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in children: Recent outcomes and response to dual rituximab/low‐dose chemotherapy combination.
Pediatr Transplantation 2010: 14:896–902. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.


AbstractIn order to study the interaction of multiple cracks on the submarine spanning pipelines under a complex marine environment, the stress intensity factor (SIF) of double circumferential crac...


ABSTRACT While tomatoes can be grown year-round in a greenhouse, the high temperatures of tropical climates are a limitation. As such, cooling the growing environment is key to cultivating tomatoes in controlled environments during summer, but effective cooling systems are expensive and involve high production costs. The use of biostimulants has been reported to increase yield and can mitigate the effects of high temperature on greenhouse-grown tomatoes. Our hypothesis is that biostimulants can improve tomato yield, particularly in the event of stress during cultivation. Our aim was to assess the effects of three biostimulants on greenhouse-grown tomato plants in the summer under a tropical climate. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse on the Uberaba Campus of the Federal Institute of the Mineiro Triangle (IFTM). We used a completely randomized design consisting of a plot containing five plants, with 1.0 x 0.5 m spacing, an estimated density of 20,000 plants ha-1, and six repetitions. The three biostimulants applied were Alquifishmel®, Booster® and Stimulate®, compared to a control (plants with no biostimulant). Production, fruit quality, yield and plant growth were assessed. All three biostimulants improved yield by more than three metric tons per hectare in relation to the control, primarily due to the larger number of ripe fruits. It is suggested that the biostimulants mitigated heat stress, promoting a larger number of fruits per truss and resulting in higher yield.


I investigated the effects of host plant distribution on the host plant choice of flower-visiting insects in mixed stands of the hawkweeds Hieracium aurantiacum L. and H. florentinum All. The way in which pollinators divide their visits among simultaneously blooming plant species determines the outcome of plant competition for pollinators, which may affect community structure. Although the hawkweeds are apomictic, these stands are simple communities that embody many of the assumptions of published models concerning the effects of stand composition on insect foraging. Existing theory suggests that visitation on one of two competing species should increase with its proportion in the stand. Visitation on H. aurantiacum follows this relationship, but H. florentinum receives more visits with H. aurantiacum present than when it blooms alone. Extension of this result to other, non-apomictic species implies that a species may occasionally be benefitted by the presence of an apparent competitor. I propose a tentative explanation based on pollinator inconstancy and foraging habitat selection, and suggest some possible effects of these phenomena on community structure.


An apparatus and a method for detecting an obstacle are provided. The apparatus includes a memory configured to store program instructions and a processor that is configured to execute the program instructions. The program instructions when executed are configured to compensate a position of a second image based on a first image based on a moving distance of a vehicle between the first image and the second image captured at different times and respectively generate a difference image based on a difference between the first image and the second image and between the first image and the second image in which the position is compensated. In addition, binarization is performed of the difference image and a synthetic image is generated for the two difference images. Then, the obstacle is detected by selecting a pixel corresponding to an area where the bit value is detected from the synthetic image.


In this article I propose an ethnographic analysis of change and continuity as a transformational process lived in the body by the Tupinamba of Olivenca (Brazil). This perspective provides an alternative to the models of either acculturation or ethnic resurgence that currently pervade approaches to indigenous people such as the Tupinamba, who were settled on the Brazilian Atlantic coast, by missionaries, in the seventeenth century. The ethnographic analysis suggests that in the Tupinamba case, transformational ethnic processes partially depend on corporeal dispositions towards drinking manioc beer. The argument is informed by multiple comparisons with reference to Americanist debates about Amazonian studies as well as to sixteenth-century ethnological sources about the Tupi of the Atlantic coast.

Resume

L'auteure propose ici une analyse ethnographique du changement et de la continuite en tant que processus transformationnel physique vecu par les Tupinamba d'Olivenca, au Bresil. Ce point de vue constitue une alternative aux modeles d'acculturation ou de resurgence ethnique qui envahissent aujourd'hui l'approche des peuples autochtones tels que les Tupinamba, sedentarises sur la cote atlantique du Bresil par les missionnaires au XVIIeme siecle. L'analyse ethnographique suggere que dans le cas des Tupinamba, les processus ethniques transformationnels dependent en partie d'une disposition physique a la consommation de biere de manioc. Cet argument est etaye par de nombreuses comparaisons faisant reference aux debats des americanistes sur les etudes amazoniennes et sur des sources ethnologiques du XVIeme siecle relatives aux Tupi de la cote atlantique.


during the 4 years since measurements began. With both systems, pasture weediness increased mainly after new pastures were established. Although selective herbicides could be used in the conventional system to reduce this weediness, the weed content quickly decreased to tolerable levels in the organic system through grazing management. Hairy buttercup (Ranunculus sardous) and broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius) were the two dominant species in both systems, and factors


Catalytic chemical vapor deposited (Cat-CVD) silicon nitride (SiNx) and SiNx/Phosphorus (P) Cat-doped layers demonstrate high passivation quality on c-Si, showing their potential application to passivation technique in producing high-efficiency c-Si solar cell [1,2]. A low surface recombination velocity (SRV) of 5 cm/s has been realized for n-type c-Si passivated with high-transparency Cat-CVD SiNx films [1]. A lower SRV of 2 cm/s can be achieved when a P Cat-doped layer is introduced before SiNx film deposition [2]. The drastic reduction in SRV for the sample with a P Cat-doped layer is probably due to field effect passivation created by P donors and H defect termination by annealing. For both SiNx/c-Si and SiNx/P Cat-doped c-Si structures, low SRVs are realized when the samples are annealed at 350 C for 30 min. The purpose of this study is to clarify the effect of annealing-assisted H defect termination in passivation quality of both passivation structures. The defect termination is evaluated through interface state density (Dit).


The children and youth press of the Chuvash Republic has an interesting history of formation and development. The main youth newspapers published in Chuvashia are "Rovesnik" ("Peer") in the Chuvash language, "Molodyozhny kuryer" ("Youth courier") in Russian. There are also some magazines: "Mig" ("Moment") in Chuvash and "Kucha mala" in Russian. Their main tasks are installing moral values, broadening school children's horizons.


On Epstein's American Jewish Films: The Search for Identity American Jewish Films: The Search for Identity. By Lawrence J. Epstein. London: McFarland, 2013. xii + 210 pp., ISBN 978-0-7864-6962-8 (pbk). US $40.00.Anyone seeking to survey the depiction of Jews in American movies faces a crucial choice of how to arrange them for purposes of analysis. Adherence to the dictates of chronology is one option (and historical obligation). Prime examples of this strategy are Lester D. Friedman's Hollywood's Image of the Jew (1982) and Patricia Erens's The Jew in American Cinema (1984), both of which are pioneering and still useful overviews. They seek to be comprehensive in coverage (at the expense of depth of diagnosis), and tend to be encyclopedic more than interpretive. Highlighting the fate of common representations of Jews onscreen, Nathan Abrams has recently updated the works of Friedman and Erens in The New Jew in Film (2012). Eric A. Goldman's recent book, The American Jewish Story through Cinema (2013), seeks to make a handful of films reflective of particular phases of the communal experience, and covers roughly nine decades to illumine the animating impulses of this minority group. David Desser and Lester Friedman made an odd choice by organizing American Jewish Filmmakers (1993) around four noteworthy directors (Sidney Lumet, Woody Allen, Mel Brooks, and Paul Mazursky). Much that is relevant in imagining American Jews is therefore neglected. Moreover the co-authors are forced to consider works that have not survived the test of timeless value, as well as those that betray only the slightest interest in the singularity of Jewish experience. Nor have all important films about Jews been directed by Jews; think of D. W. Griffith's Romance of a Jewess (1908), Elia Kazan's Gentleman's Agreement (1947), and Norman Jewison's Fiddler on the Roof (1971).Lawrence J. Epstein has sensibly opted for a different approach. He has elected to arrange movies by certain common themes-whether by locale (the Catskills, the Lower East Side, the Near East), by the variety of communal types (the pious, the gangsters), or by social problem (assimilation, anti-Semitism). The topics are neither arbitrary nor surprising. The focus on issues, as well as on the sites of the struggle to reconcile citizenship and ethnicity, is promising. But the execution is quite disappointing.American Jewish Films suffers primarily from an absence of energetic research. The endnotes are extended over a mere two pages; by contrast, far more of a scholarly apparatus is expected of a typical undergraduate paper. Epstein's bibliography is more useful, and runs four pages-but the volumes and articles that he lists do not seem to have been confronted or even implicitly criticized in his text as a way of moving the study of the subject into fresh or illuminating directions. As a work of serious engagement with his subject, Epstein's foray into cinematic history does not pass muster, and is much inferior to his previous work, a charming study of American Jewish comedians, The Haunted Smile (2001). That book, like American Jewish Films, constitutes an effort to answer the question of what happens to religious faith and collective memory when America intervenes.Thus Epstein's primary concern, it can be inferred, is neither aesthetic nor primarily historical. He regards film not as an art form that must obey (or invent) formal rules to get its emotional effects, nor movies even as specimens of sociological evidence that reveal over time the vicissitudes of Jewish life in the United States. …


This study describes a diagnosis about the government program: centro de dia Njhoya, which is located in Queretaro city. The research presents the connection between the government programs that provide attention to certain population considered ?disadvantage population? (street children) and the relation between the students and the educational situations like school leavers and performance and achievement in the classrooms, as well as the relation with social situations like discrimination, segregation and racism. This is intended that the diagnosis would work like foundation for future academy and pedagogical approaches to way that they contribute to eradicate certain educational problems like desertion. Within research, a pedagogical proposed is offered too, this promotes the work in the classroom with the kindergarten students in some specifics areas of their academic learning.


Objective To research the resilience and related factors of the rescue soldiers. Methods Resilience Scale for Adults( RSA ), Self-report Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ) and Coping Style Questionnaire were applied in this survey to 1401 rescue soldiers. Results ①The soldiers' resilience score was (2.49±0.57) ,significantly lower than college students( t= 16.619, P=0. 000).The rescue soldiers with the year in army above 3 were significantly higher than that below 2 years in social competence( t=2.581, P=0.01 ) ,social resources( t=2. 158, P=0.031 ) ,structured style( t=3.254, P=0.001 ) and RSA scores(t=2.455, P=0.014). There exist significantly differences in various education level of the rescue soldiers in perception of self(t=3.732, P=0.024), planned of future ( t = 9.324, P = 0.000 ) , social competence ( t = 8. 838, P = 0.000 ), social resources ( t = 13. 660, P = 0. 000 ) and RSA scores (t=9.805, P=0.000) , and college ≥ senior high school ≥ junior high school. ②Compared to the lower group in the RSA, the higher group scored significantly higher in extraversion (t=16. 204, P=0.000) and positive coping( t = - 18. 171, P=0.000), while lower in SCL-90 (t=8.461, P=0.000) and neuroticism (t=8.833, P=0.000 ).③Resilience have the obvious positive correlation with the education ( r= 0. 116 ), extraversion ( r= 0. 463 ) and positive coping(r=0.500) ,and negative correlation with the neuroticism(r=-0.251 ) and SCL-90( r= -0.260). It can be assumed that positive coping,extraversion and neuroticism had good predictive ability(35.9%) to resilience. Conclusion The rescue soldiers have low resilience than college students, positive coping, extraversion, and neuroticism are important psychological factors for rescue soldiers.

Key words:
Resilience;  Rescue soldiers;  Related factors


As a novel distributed machine learning scheme, federated learning (FL) efficiently realizes the collaborative training of models by global participants while also protecting their data privacy. Due to the independence of participants' local data and the inability of the FL server to access the local data, many IIoT applications with strong data sensitivity are increasingly incorporating FL technology. However, it also exposes a great security vulnerability. Malicious adversaries manipulate local data to perform covert targeted poisoning attacks or other harmful behaviors to affect the global model. In addition, due to the diversity of IIoT data in actual scenarios, different data distribution scenarios can also cause different attack effects In this work, we devise a defense technique called FDSFL against multiple malicious adversaries and various targeted poisoning attacks involving both IID and non-IID data distribution scenarios. It runs on the server-side and mainly includes three execution modules: pairwise cosine similarity, clustering mechanism, and filtering strategy, which can dynamically filter malicious updates during the iterative training process. We demonstrate that our designed FDSFL outperforms the state-of-the-art in maintaining global model accuracy and reducing attack success rates through extensive experiments on three general datasets.


Yes, yoga can reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials [RCTs] with significant heterogeneity). Across multiple RCTs using varied yoga interventions and diverse study populations, yoga typically improves overall symptom scores for anxiety and depression by about 40%, both by itself and as an adjunctive treatment. It produces no reported harmful side effects.


Foreign direct investment (FDI) in Poland increased exponentially in the 1990s when this country, like other Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs), started its transition processes to democracy and a market economy. This field of economy has been studied intensively in recent years because of FDI flows' potential impact on the industrial restructuring processes of the host countries (Hunya 1997; Sheeky 1994; Meyer 1995). Although there is a great deal of discussion about FDI flows in the transition countries, there have not been many studies dedicated to influence of FDI on foreign trade (i.e. Wysokińska, Witkowska 1997; Jensen 2001). It is widely recognized that FDI is — as other measures for openness of the economy (trade) — positively associated with the process o f economic growth. Openness between fosters linkages (interaction) between them, where the international technology transfer undertaken within multinational corporations (MNSs) is one obvious and important vehicle for exchange of new knowledge about production (know-how) between nations. There is, however, no clear evidence about the role played by the FDI in changes in foreign trade, especially in export. This paper represents an attempt to assess the effects of FDI on structural changes in the Polish exports by providing an econometric analysis of the factors affecting exports at the sector level in Poland over the period 1999—2002. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 reviews the theoretical background of the economic effect from FDI in the host country perspective and a general overview of the sectoral structure of FDI and the foreign trade in Poland in the years 1994 to 2001. Section 3 and 4 focus on the econometric analysis and the discussion of the results. The final section provides some conclusions.


High-voltage power transformers incorporate large quantities of insulation which is easily contaminated, and the dielectric strength is, in consequence, uncertain. This paper reports the results of electric-strength tests on transformer oil, alone and in combination with solid insulation, under various conditions. It is concluded that a major factor determining the maximum local oil stress at failure is the volume of oil under the highest stress, and that, from a knowledge of the failure-stress/volume characteristic for oil in uniform fields, the maximum local oil stress at failure for nonuniform fields can be predicted.


The influence of Ge substitutional defects and vacancies on the $(\sqrt{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\sqrt{3})$$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3)$ charge-density wave phase transition in the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ phase of Sn on Ge(111) has been studied using a variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscope. Above 105 K, Ge substitutional defects stabilize regions with $(3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3)$ symmetry that grow with decreasing temperature and can be described by a superposition of exponentially damped waves. At low temperatures, $Tl~105\mathrm{K}$ defect-defect density-wave-mediated interactions force an alignment of the defects onto a honeycomb sublattice that supports the low-temperature $(3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3)$ phase. This defect-mediated phase transition is completely reversible. The length scales involved in this defect-defect interaction dictate the domain size $(\ensuremath{\approx}{10}^{4} {\mathrm{\AA{}}\mathrm{}}^{2}).$


Co-seismic landslides can mobilise up to 3 km 3 of loose sediment within minutes. However, the export rate of this sediment is largely unconstrained. For example, it is estimated that a decade after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake at least 90% of the co-seismic sediment remains stored on the hillslope. Post-earthquake debris flows are the main conduit by which such hillslope debris reaches the fluvial network but the mechanics that govern the triggering and runout of such flows remain unclear and as such they appear to behave largely unpredictably. Material grain size is a key control on both triggering and runout, since it affects both hydrological (e.g. water loss during flow; saturation state before triggering) and frictional properties of the system. However, our understanding of the role of grain size in the genesis and evolution of debris flows remains poorly explored, largely due to limitations in real field data. Existing estimates for landslide and debris flow deposit grain size distributions (GSDs) are currently limited by 1. inconsistency of applied methods; 2. the very poor sorting of these sediments; 3. inaccessibility, and 4. inherent intradeposit variability in GSD.


The method ofiodimetric determination oftetrathionate and simultaneous determination of thiosulfate and tetrathionate in one sample is described. Tetrathionate in alkaline medium (c(NaOH) = 5 mol r l ) is stoichiometrically converted into thiosulfate and sulfite, which react with iodine. In the volumetric titration with the potentiometric end-point detection the determination range isl 0--800 f.1IDol for tetrathionate. In the first stage simultaneous determination of thiosulfate and tetrathionate, thiosufhate is oxidized in neutral medium with iodine to tetrathionat~. In the second stage the total content oftetrathionate in alkaline medium is iodimetrically determined. The proposed method allows the determination ofboth compounds in the range from 30 to 400 f.1mol in a sample with relative accuracy ± 1%.


In this paper, a passivity based model of a general set of bio-reactions in open reactors with new energy functions is derived. A change of coordinates is done, based on the stoichiometric invariance principle, which simplifies the number of equations to be taken care of and shows directly the passivity of the system. The passivity based control will be obtained in terms of systematic controller design techniques. The energy functions can be said to be in close proximity with the Gibbs free energy function used in port-Hamiltonian model of enzymatic reactions and are far from the traditional non-physical quadratic functions.


The present study examined the effects of the G-CBT(Game-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) program on children with social anxiety disorder. Through the diagnostic process of clinical psychologists, final patients were selected among 5th and 6th graders from an elementary school based in Paju and randomly assigned to a treatment group(N=8) and a control group with no G-CBT(N=8). For the children in the experimental group, a weekly 90-minute session was conducted for 12 weeks. At post-treatment, the treatment group showed significant improvement on indices of cognitive perspective(automatic thought, irrational beliefs of cognition), emotional perspective(social anxiety) and behavioral perspective(safety behavior, behavior checklist for performance anxiety, subjective units of discomfort). In addition, the levels of both cooperation and empathy including peer relationship skills and length of presentation significantly improved. Furthermore, the effects on the cognitive, emotional and behavioral characteristics were maintained at the 2-month follow-up.


The paper indicates that rational function matrices (RFMs) and systems (RFSs) in multi-parameters can describe linear physical systems with reality; some concepts on reducibility are presented. the state equation of the active network over RFS is developed. The structural controllability condition of a class of RFSs is introduced. An application example of the active network is analyzed to show the structural controllability condition of RFSs being significant to a linear system from the viewpoint of physics.


Background and Study Aim: Wrestling belongs to the group of multidisciplinary acyclic sports which require well-trained physical, technical, tactical and psychological abilities. Based on the former result analysis, it can be noticed that there is a need for designing tests for evaluation of wrestlers' specific performance abilities. The aim of the research is the reliability and usefulness quantitative descriptive indicators of given properties of wrestler's based on results two innovative specific tests. Material and Methods: The test-retest procedure was used to define the reliability: Specific Wrestling Fitness Test (SWFT); Specific Wrestling Performance Test (SWPT). The sample consisted of 8 male wrestlers who compete at national level, aged 20.43 ±2.06 years. A dummy was used as a prop, and the "suplex" technique as a standard throw; the load was relativised by using three different weight dummies. In relation to the test and the attempts, the total number of throws, metabolic and cardiac indicators, as well as the derived criterion variables of specific performance were observed. Results: The reliability indicators and applied tests and abilities measured were determined as reliable (Cronbach's Alpha: 0.798 to 0.953; IIC: 0.664 to 0.910; ICC: 0.674 to 0.957), and quite sensitive to the change of results achieved. Describing the same characteristic of applied variables for specific wrestling performance evaluation was determined by the factor analysis. Therefore all variables could be successfully implemented in the wrestling practice. Conclusions: These tests provide the possibility to wrestling coaches to individually realise testing during a season, and to use certain performance evaluation models, depending on the informational needs and available equipment in the function of better performance description, in order to improve the sports training methodology and to increase the knowledge fundus.