Abstract The Milford Flat Quadrangle includes part of the Star mining district in eastern Beaver County, Utah. Sedimentary and igneous rocks occupy the mapped northwestern corner of the Milford Flat Quadrangle; the remainder of the quadrangle is alluvium. Sedimentary rocks, exclusive of the alluvium, range in age from Pennsylvanian to Jurassic. Pennsylvanian rocks are represented by the Talisman Quartzite. Permian is represented by the Toroweap Formation and Kaibab Limestone. Triassic rocks are represented by the Moenkopi Formation, Shinarump Conglomerate, and the Chinle Formation. The Navajo Sandstone represents the Jurassic. The Milford Flat granodiorite stock and a number of lamprophyric and aplitic dikes intrude the sedimentary rocks of the area. The stock which is irregular in shape occurs in separated masses and covers an area of approximately one square mile. It is emplaced by stoping action rather than by forceful injection and is probably of Tertiary age. Lamprophyric dikes, few inches to three feet thick, are highly altered and have east–west or northerly trends. The aplitic dikes are few feet thick and strike northwestward. Sedimentary rocks of the area represent an eastern limb of a northeast trending fold. They are cut by faults of several ages. The oldest are northeast-southwest normal faults. East-west transverse faults are both pre- and post-intrusion. Northeast-southwest normal faults are contemporaneous with the intrusion. Fissures on which no movement is evident are of east-west, northeast, and northwest trends. Hydrothermal alteration of the igneous and sedimentary rocks in the area includes bleaching and recrystallization of limestones and dolomites, and argillic, prophylitic, siliceous, hematitic types of alteration. The area has produced small amounts of lead, zinc, silver, gold, and copper. Mineralization is classified into: (1) deposits within the granodiorite mass; (2) contact metasomatic deposits; (3) hydrothermal replacement and fissure filling deposits. No clear zonation of the mineralization is encountered. Ore deposition in the area is closely associated with Milford Flat stock.


Book reviewed in this article: Commitment and compassion in psychoanalysis: Selected papers of Edward M. Weinshel Edited by Robert Wallerstein Transference: Shibboleth or Albatross? By Joseph Schachter Dreams and drama: Psychoanalytic criticism, creativity and the artist by Alan Roland "Forschen und Heilen" in der Psychoanalyse. Ergebnisse und Berichte aus Forschung und Praxis ['Research and healing' in psychoanalysis. Results and reports from research and practice] By Marianne Leuzinger‐Bohleber, Bernhard Rüger, Ulrich Stuhr and Manfred Beutel Mirror to nature: Drama, psychoanalysis and society By Margaret Rustin and Michael Rustin The importance of sibling relationships in psychoanalysis By Prophecy Coles Freud—Fragments d'une histoire [Freud—Fragments of a history] by Alain de Mijolla Funzione analitica e mente primitiva [Analytic function and primitive mind] By Giovanni Hautmann


This paper describes a process to make the residential buildings more energy efficient. Three low voltage direct current (DC) distribution systems of different voltage levels are compared with the existing alternating current (AC) system in Bangladesh. Losses in the cable, internal losses of the devices, energy consumption cost, efficiency of the converters and initial cost for new wiring are the factors which have been assessed to obtain the best system. Through the analysis it is found that 48V DC system with optimized cable area is the most economical system among the others as it saves 1,36,859.2 BDT within a life time of 20 years. Besides, a hybrid appliance is prototyped consisting of air-cooler, refrigerator and electric stove altogether for higher efficiency. The wasted heat energies from the cooling devices are stored in a thermal storage by thermoelectric modules and used later for heating purposes for the better overall efficiency.


The use of diagnostic template of electronic medical record(DTCMR)redues the workload of the clinicians in documentation.However,it reverses the clinicl thinking order of checking,inquiring that may cause the pretermission of symptoms and signs.We should solve the problems by delaying the application of the template of the admission diagnosis until the last diagnosis item inputted,and take the revision made by the template as the gist of the quality assurance of the medical records.


Colleges and the universities cannot keep prosperity for a long time unless they are supported by the core competition. Based on the core competition, the higher education institutions can surpass rivals and puts themselves in an advantage position. This paper put forward the methods of developing the core competition of higher education institutions by analyzing its definition, connotation and characteristic.


The paper deals with the problem of French political thought in XVI century and focuses on the problem of heterodoxy. The author studies the interpretation of this problem in the context of the problem of civil wars and attempts to analyze the requirements of political theorists to the religious policy of the state.


As tremendous economic loss caused by disease in animal production,much attention has been paid to the remedy of these disease.According to the requirements of food safety,molecular breeding of disease resistance gradually becomes a new research field.Lysozyme,as a kind of enzymes with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity,has the function of bactericide,anti-virus,anti-tumor andsoon.And now,the lysozyme gene has been considered one important gene in the fields of the animal and plant disease resistance genes studies.In this study,the relationship of lysozyme gene with density of lysozyme was explored using sample of F2 population generated from Duroc and Erhualian.A total of 19 SNPs were identified in part of region of lysozyme gene,two SNPs in 3'regulatory region were analyzed for the association with density of lysozyme of piglets on age of 20 and 35 days.The results showed the two SNPs were not significant associated with density of lysozyme.Meanwhile,these two SNPs have strong linkage disequilibrium.


The invention relates to the technical fields of aluminum-based composite materials and preparation thereof, in particular to a boron carbide particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof. According to the composite material, aluminum alloy is used as a matrix; the mass percentage of boron carbide used as a wild phase is 2.5 to 30%; the boron carbide particles are distributed in the matrix uniformly. The specific preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing boron carbide powder and aluminum alloy powder; performing surface activation, plasma activated sintering and heat treatment to prepare a sintering test sample close to full density. The aluminum-based composite material prepared by the method has low sintering temperature, high density, small crystal particles and an excellent mechanical property, is simple to operate and high in controllability, and is a lightweight high-performance aluminum-based composite material.


A method for the determination of sensors and actuators positioning and feedback gains for the active vibration control of flexible structures is presented. This method is based on the minimization of the minimum function of a quadratic cost functional in the standard optimal control. The optimal criterion is determined via Riccati equations, and it is minimized with a recursive quadratic programming algorithm. The application of this method to a cantilever beam yields several dislocated sensor and actuator locations, which are locally optimal. An extension to the case when the model filters are used is also examined. In this case, the location of the actuator is found to be more sensitive than that of the sensors. This method is clear for the control efficiency, and has the freedom of varying the weighting matrix.


Purpose glaucoma patients with borderline controlled intraocular pressure (IOP) may benefit from cataract surgery alone. However it is possible that these patients may need glaucoma surgery at some point in the future. Furthermore the risk of postoperative IOP spikes and the inconvenience of two operations (sequential) should be weighed against the complexity of the combined operation. The purpose of the study is to compare the results of phacotrabeculectomy with trabeculectomy in clear corneal incision pseudophacic eyes.


Total CO2 of brackish water (Ebrie lagoon) is measured with a simple method: degassing and trapping CO2 in NaOh solution, the conductivity of which is a function of the trapped CO2 quantity. A relation CO2 versus salinity is deduced; it is nearly the same as the one deduced from CO2 measurements performed from alkalinity. Dissolved organic C is evaluated with a CHN analyser by evaporating 0.5 ml of acidified sample. Variation coefficient is near 10% for the lagoon values.


Since the gap between sharply increasing known sequences and slow accumulation of known structures is becoming large, an automatic classification process based on the primary sequences and known three-dimensional structure becomes more important nowadays. Meanwhile, a fully automatic and reliable classification system is also necessary due to the importance of primary sequences which contain much useful information for the biologists. Generally, the performance of the classification system can be improved by selecting appropriate algorithm of feature extraction. Thus a novel method of feature extraction (amino acid composition distribution, AACD) from the sequences has been developed to classify the protein homo-oligomers, which is a generalization of the 20 components of the conventional amino acid composition. The primary sequence is equally separated into several segments, and each element of the AACD array can be individually calculated by the count of 20 natural amino acids appearing within each segment divided by the length of corresponding sequence. The classification system takes support vector machines as classifier, and adopts " One-Versus-One" as multi-class categorization, and finally applies AACD to 4-class homo-oligomers classification from the primary sequence of proteins. The results of 10 fold cross validation (10CV) test show that overall accuracy and accuracy index of AACD are 86.22% and 67.12%, which are 5.74 and 10.03 per cent higher than those of amino acid composition, and 3.12 and 5.63 per cent higher than those of dipeptide composition (amino acid pairs) feature extraction method respectively. Incorporating AACD with the length of protein primary sequence can slightly improve that performance with overall accuracy 86.35% and accuracy index 67.23%. Using two-dimension principle component analysis (2DPCA) to decrease the dimension of those incorporated feature vectors can get better results with overall accuracy 87.12% and accuracy index 68.08% respectively. The results demonstrate that AACD is an effective and reliable method for classifying homo-oligomers and that the length of protein sequence contains some information of homo-oligomers structure and also indicate that 2DPCA is an effective approach to decrease the high dimension of feature vector. The effectiveness of classification of homo-oligomers encourages further exploration of AACD.


Aims:  The objective of the present study was to investigate the differences in frontal lobe function between violent and nonviolent male adolescents with conduct disorder.


Educational computer games studies experienced rapid growth due to the belief that games can offer various learning benefits being highly popular among younger generations. Programming is considered a challenging subject by students and teachers, consequently students feel less motivated to learn it. It is important to know how educational games can help to enhance our student's motivation and learning perceptions towards Programming. This paper discusses the authors' pilot study of undergraduate students' perceptions towards using educational games as their learning medium using five constructs: motivation, attitudes, cognitive development, interface and expectation with 24 items. The findings indicated that most students had encouraging positive attitudes and were more motivated to learn Programming using games compared to conventional methods. The findings are hopefully will help to enrich knowledge in understanding students' perceptions regarding educational games for learning, particularly in the Malaysian context.


Objectives The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of the question generation based reading instruction on the middle school students' metacognition and reading comprehension.
Methods A total of 10 middle school students who attend a private reading education institution were selected as subjects, and a 10-session reading program was conducted. One of the non-parametric tests Mann-Whitney U-test was conducted to examine the effects of the question generation based reading instruction.
Results It was found out that the question generation based reading instruction had not any a statistically significant impact on the middle school students' metacognition enhancement. However, the post-test scores of metacognition in the experimental group were higher than those of the control group in all sub-factors, except for 'Inspection'. it was confirmed that the question generation based reading instruction had a statistically positive impact on the middle school students' reading comprehension.
Conclusions This study suggested that the question generation strategies be the important instructional tools of reading teachers. And through the scaffolding of teachers about questioning and reading texts, students will be equipped with the powerful learning strategies to be independent learners and readers.


The friction and wear characteristics in an althernative refrigerant HFC 134a were investigated using a ball-on-plate type apparatus.The lubricants used were polyalkylene glycol(PAG)and polyol ester(POE), which have high mutual solubility with HFC 134a.The results obtained are as follows.(1)With PAG, the HFC 134a formed fluoride on the rubbing surfaces, which improved the friction and wear characteristics.In contrast, POE with high adsorption ability showed poor friction and wear performance above the transition temperature of about 150°C to prevent the formation of fluoride, although it exhibited exhibited excellent friction and wear performance below the transition temperature.(2)The addition of TCP of aryl-type phosphate ester to PAG improved the friction and wear characteristics owing to the absorption film of TCP in a low temperature range and the formation of iron phosphate in a high temperature range.(3)With POE containing MoDTC the coefficient of friction as low as 0.05 was attainable owing to the formation of MoS2 in HFC 134a at temperatures below the transition temperature although HFC 134a did not contain oxygen.


The plasma wave nonlinear effect of IonChannel Electron Cyclotron Maser (ICECM) is investigated. Using these methods of fluid theory and self nonlinear theory, the micromechanism in ICECM are analyzed. Studies find that the longitudinal focus is intensified and the beamwave interact efficiency is remarkably increased. Numerical calculations show that , for middle ion density and the electron beam of 1.5kA and 1MV, the scattering wave frequency and the output power in ICECM system can achieve 280GHz and 200MW respectively.


Abstract A dilemma within computer science departments is developing sustainable ways to expand capacity within introductory computer science courses while remaining committed to inclusive practices. Training near-peer mentors for peer code review is one solution. This paper describes the preparation of near-peer mentors for their role, with a focus on regular, consistent feedback via peer code review and inclusive pedagogy. Introductory computer science students provided consistently high ratings of the peer mentors' knowledge, approachability, and flexibility, and credited peer mentor meetings for their strengthened self-efficacy and understanding. Peer mentors noted the value of videotaped simulations with reflection, discussions of inclusion, and the cohort's weekly practicum for improving practice. Adaptations of peer mentoring for different types of institutions are discussed. Computer science educators, with hopes of improving the recruitment and retention of underrepresented groups, can benefit from expanding their peer support infrastructure and improving the quality of peer mentor preparation.


This study aims to meet and analyze how much influence the quality of service to the level of satisfaction perceived consumer service users aboard PT.ASDP Indonesia Ferry (persero) Surabaya Branch. Methods used in this study are observation, interviews, questionnaires, sampling methods used Is a Simple Random Sampling of 100 samples. Analytical methods used are multiple linear regression (multi linear regresion). The results showed simultaneously influence the quality of service variables consisting of (Tangible, Reability, Resonsiveness, Assurance, Empaty) and together to variable customer satisfaction, seen from FHitung equal to 19,851 while FTable is 2,31, the number is obtained from table F with value of v1 as 5 as residual and v2 equal to 94 as df (degrees of freedom) with error level 0,05 (5%), considering Fcount> FTable (19,851> 2.31) then simultaneously all independent variables (X) have a significant influence on the dependent variable (Y).


Turbulent natural convection of air that happens into inner square cavity with localized heating from horizontal bottom surface has been numerically investigated. Localized heating is simulated by a centrally located heat source on the bottom wall, and two values of the dimensionless heat source length are considered in this present work. Solutions are obtained for several Rayleigh numbers with Prandtl number 0.7. The horizontal top surface is thermally insulated and the vertical surfaces are assumed to be the cold isothermal surfaces whereas the heat source on the bottom wall is isothermally heated. In this study, the Navier-Stokes equations are used considering a two-dimensional and turbulent flow in the unsteady state. The Finite Element Method (FEM) with a Galerkin scheme is considered for solving the conservation equations. The formulation of the conservation equations is carried out for turbulent flow and the turbulence is modeled using Large-Eddy Simulation (LES). The stream function and temperature distributions are determined as functions of thermal and geometrical parameters. The average Nusselt number is shown to increase with an increase in the Rayleigh number as well as in the dimensionless heat source length. The results of this work can be applied to the design of electronic components. Natural convection in enclosures is an area of interest due to its wide application and great importance in engineering. Transient natural convection flows occur in many technological and industrial applications. Therefore, it is important to understand the heat transfer characteristics of natural convection in an enclosure. Along the years, researchers have looked for more flows with the objective to approximate the real case found in geophysical or industrial means. Then, we can define four basic types of boundary conditions. They are: the natural convection due to a uniformly heated wall (with a temperature or a constant heat flux); the natural convection induced by a local heat source; the natural convection under multiple heat sources with the same strength and type; and the natural convection conjugated with inner heat-generating conductive body or conductive walls. The boundary conditions mentioned previously are based on a single temperature difference between the differentially heated walls. Most of the previous studies have addressed natural convection in enclosures due to either a horizontally or vertically imposed temperature difference. However, departures from this basic situation are often encountered in fields such as electronics cooling. The cooling of electronic components is essential for their reliable performance. The characteristics of fluid flow and heat transfer under the multiple temperature differences are more complicated and have a practical importance in thermal management and design. In the present work, a two-dimensional numerical simulation in a cavity is carried out for a turbulent flow. The turbulence study is a complex and challenging assumption. There are few works in literature that deal with natural convection in closed cavities using the turbulence model LES. The motivation to accomplish this work relies on the fact that there are a great number of problems in engineering that can use this geometry. One turbulence model is implemented here together with the finite element method. A large eddy simulation (LES) seems a promising approach for the analysis of the high Grashof number turbulence that contains three-dimensional and unsteady characteristics. A direct simulation of turbulence gives us more accurate and precise data than experiments; it is essentially unsuitable for high Grashof number flows because of computational


Bats have great economic and environmental importance, including nocturnal insect control, pollination, seed dispersal and forest regeneration. Bats, however, like insects and birds are suffering a precipitous global decline due to anthropogenic causes. Deliberate air pollution in the form of undisclosed tropospheric aerosol geoengineering (TAG) has extremely damaging effects throughout the biosphere. Forensic scientific evidence implicates coal fly ash (CFA), the toxic waste product of coal-burning, as the main constituent of the jet-sprayed particulate trails seen around the world. Coal fly ash is a primary source of the ultrafine and nano-sized particulate fraction of air Review Article Herndon and Whiteside; AJOB, 8(4): 1-13, 2019; Article no.AJOB.53746 2 pollution that adversely impacts human and environmental health. Recently, countless exogenous magnetic pollution particles from combustion sources were found in human brains and heart tissue. Previous studies reveal that aerosolized CFA is a significant factor in the catastrophic global decline of birds and insects. Insects can accumulate aerosolized CFA on their body surfaces and/or ingest CFA particulates that insectivorous bats then consume. Bats are excellent mammalian bioindicators of environmental contaminants and it is known that their tissue contains high levels of metals and persistent organic pollutants. From a review of the literature, we show that the pollutant element ratios in bat tissue and bat guano are consistent with an origin in CFA-type air pollution. These findings suggest that CFA, including its use in covert climate engineering operations, is an unacknowledged factor in the morbidity and mortality of bats. Bats, therefore, are an important "canary in the coal mine" pointing to the urgency of halting covert climate engineering and greatly reducing ultrafine particulate air pollution.


Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1)virus infection in Mianyang and provide scientific evidence for development of control policy.Methods Information related to 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1)virus infection in Mianyang was obtained from national disease reporting information system to conduct descriptive epidemiological analysis.Results A total of 186 cases were detected in 29 schools(20 middle schools,4 primary schools,4 colleges and 1 kindergarten)from 1-30 September in 2009,no severe case and death occurred.The disease occurred in all 6 districts in Mianyang.The average age of the cases was 14.64 years,and the male to female sex ratio was 1∶0.63.Conclusion In 2009,pandemic Influenza A(H1N1)virus infection had occurred in schools in Mianyang.


We present the energy bands and density of states of ZnSnP2 using full potential linearized augmented plane wave method with modified Becke Johnson potential. It is found that this compound has a direct band gap of about 2.01 eV at Γ point, which originates from the energy difference between P-3p and Sn-5s states. In addition, we have also calculated absorption spectra in the solar energy range and compared it with that of bulk Si to explore the applicability of ZnSnP2 in photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices.


Research findings reveal that disease-causing bacteria, including Salmonella, are widespread on pig farms of all sizes in Yangon Region, Myanmar, as well as in pig meat sold to consumers in the city and rural areas. This evidence provides a snapshot of how intensification in pig production can affect food safety – and points to potential responses.


Abstract Cancer genomic medicine has been started in Japan, since two multigene-panel tests were covered by public health insurance. In addition to conventional companion diagnostic tests including somatic mutation of KRAS and BRAF gene, the genetic test of BRCA1/2 gene for breast cancer, microsatellite instability testing for solid carcinomas were also applied. Accordingly, the number and variation of DNA test has been increased and it is important for us to update latest information and pass them correctly to the patients. We constructed Cancer Genome and Genetics Consultation department organized by coordinator-nurse and genetic counselor. A patient who wish to apply cancer genomic medicine can receive counseling before decision making of the test in the Clinical Genomics department by physician. Our goal is to provide patient-oriented Precision Medicine system. We also wish to discuss the better way to provide precision medicine for each patient, today.


Purpose: In the framework of stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT),dose per fraction larger than 2Gy have become more common, challenging the applicability of the linear‐quadratic (LQ) model. Several authors have proposed ways to modify the LQ model to make it linear at large doses per fraction. Qualitatively, the modification implies a reduction of biological effect with respect of the standard LQ model for large doses. The purpose of this work is to quantitatively study the effect of the survival curve linearization at high doses for BED calculation relevant to prostate and lungSBRT. Method: We use a previously published linear‐quadratic‐linear model (LQL) to calculate BEDLQL and the equivalent dose in 2Gy fractions EQD2 for several clinically used fractionation schemes of prostate and lungcancer. The LQL model adds a parameter delta that makes the survival curve linear at high doses and is estimated to be 0.05–0.2Gy‐1. We compare BED and EQD2 for the LQ and LQL models. Results: For prostate cancer if alpha/beta=1.5–3Gy the difference in EQD2 between the LQ and LQL is 5 to 10% for cases with delta=0.2Gy‐1 and moderate dose per fraction d=3–4.3Gy. For extreme hypofractionation the effect is more pronounced with differences of up to 35% in EQD2. For the lungcancerSBRT, the BEDLQL for doses of 10‐12Gy is 3–25% smaller than BEDLQ with alpha/beta=10Gy while even bigger differences ranging from 10 to 40% are possible for normal tissues alpha/beta=3Gy. Conclusions: There is a clear interplay of the alpha/beta ratio and the parameter delta in terms of BED and EQD2 calculations for different fractionations. The impact of the parameter delta is significantly higher for low alpha/beta ratios. This is particularly important for the case of prostate cancer where a large value of delta (0.2Gy‐1 or so) could bring EQD2 below acceptable therapeutic.


An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of temperature, door opening, thermostat setting position, relative humidity, and loading on energy consumption of a household refrigerator-freezer. The authors' investigation reveals that temperature has the greatest effect on energy consumption followed by loading. Next greatest effect are due to door opening and thermostat setting position. Relative humidity has minimal effect on energy consumption. With the experimental data, a multiple regression equation has been developed to investigate their combine effect.


The response of cohesive soils subjected to cyclic loading is affected by different factors; the most important are soil type, stress or consolidation history, and specific test conditions. To better understand the behavior of cohesive soils subjected to cyclic loading, beginning in early 1960's, a rather substantial body of experimental work has been performed. This has involved different types of soils, tested at different values of overconsolidation ratio, and subjected to different cyclic loading histories. This paper compiles the most important findings of the aforementioned experimental work on cohesive soils. It summarizes the general behavioral trends observed for cyclically loaded cohesive soils. Besides, several key characteristics of cyclically loaded cohesive soils that any rational mathematical simulation must account for have been identified, thus offering the general trends that should be taken into account in the development of new constitutive models used in predicting the response of such soils.


Electroluminescent diodes utilizing poly(3-alkylthiophene) (PAT) containing fluorescent dyes have been fabricated and their unique enhancement of emission efficiency has been studied for PAT diodes doped with different fluorescent dye materials. Remarkable enhancement of electroluminescent efficiency has been observed, and the mechanism of emission enhancement in PAT diode by doping of fluorescent dye has been discussed in PAT with different aLkyl-side-chain length.


Objective To investigate the immunomodulatory action of polysaccharides,caffeic acid derivatives and alkylamides from introduced E.purpurea,and to compare the immunomodulatory effect of foreign and introduced E.purpurea.Methods The proliferation of murine spleen lymphocyte and the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ were measured by MTT and ELISA assay to evaluate the immunomodulatory action.Results The three fractions from introduced E.purpurea promoted the proliferation of lymphocytes and the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ stimulated by Con A,however,caffeic acid derivatives inhibited the secretion of IL-2.The results from the comparison of foreign and introduced E.purpurea extracts revealed that introduced extract was equally as effective as the foreign extract for the proliferation of lymphocytes.For the secretion of cytokines,each had his strong point between foreign and introduced extracts.Introduced extract showed better effect than foreign extract for IFN-γ production,but not as good as foreign extract for IL-2 production.Conclusion The introduced E.purpurea and their fractions had the similar immunomodulatory action as foreign E.purpurea,suggesting introduced E.purpurea will be important resources of medicinal materials in developing immunomodulatory agent or food supplement in China.


For some, the New York Times is an infuriating newspaper. They may object to the well-left-of-center opinions of its editorial board, rampant nonsense from the keyboards of Thomas Friedman and Paul Krugman, or the evident bias in the news stories on its front page that provide daily entries for TimesWatch. Undoubtedly, a number of United States Presidents have been among those who found the Times annoying for those reasons. But some Presidents have been more than annoyed by the paper's publication of classified information about U.S. intelligence activities, believing that such publication could undermine the ability of the U.S. Intelligence Community to gather vital intelligence about America's adversaries. On 31 January 1958, the Times published a story by its Pentagon reporter Jack Raymond, with the headline ''Soviets' Biggest Satellite Reported in Countdown.'' Raymond's article revealed that ''The Russians, in their preparation to launch the huge rocket, were reported to have begun at least one countdown''—a statement that suggested that the U.S. was eavesdropping on the countdown transmissions from the Soviet launch facility at Tyuratam, transmissions that began eight hours before launch.


The research type applied by this was experiment which truth/eksperimen isreally with pattern randomized control-group pretest-posttest design, while focusingresearch in this final project is knowing the effectiveness result of student learning afterusing E-Learning study method bases on Browser Based Training at KompetensiPemeliharaan/servis Transmisi Manual and Komponen. The place of his research is inExpertise Program Teknik Mekanik Otomotif SMK Negeri 2 Kendal. The collecting datamethods are documentation and test method. The study method of this Browser BasedTraining has been tested to one class as an experiment class, while for control class byusing conventional method which has been tested to one class from Expertise ProgramTeknik Mekanik Otomotif in SMK Negeri 2 Kendal. Based on result of the research, theconclusion is the result improvement of student learning at KompetensiPemeliharaan/Servis Transmisi Manual and Komponen by using better MetodePembelajaran Browser Based Training better than applying conventional method.Keywords: E-Learning, Browser Based Training.


The UK's retail energy market is very dynamic. The number of suppliers is changing with some companies leaving the market and some entering. Having a full picture of the players within the sector may be considered daunting. While acknowledging the limitations in getting a definite list of company, this paper presents a typology of UK Energy Service Brands based on their sizes, licencing arrangement and their source of energy. It is anticipated that this will makes two key contributions to the literature. First, it extends the understanding of energy brands in the United Kingdom and secondly, aid future research and theoretical framework development in the UK energy sector.


The relationships among family structure, family financial stability and physical and sexual abuse of children are tested using information from 90 male and female runaways. The results of crosstabular analysis show that family financial stability is an important variable in reports of physical abuse that overshadows that of family structure. Findings indicate that there is a significant interaction bet ween financial stability and family structure in the reporting of sexual abuse. While there is little difference in reporting for runa ways from financially stable intact (2 natural parents) or broken (1 natural parent) families, the proportion of reports for runaways from reconstitutedfamilies (1 natural parent plus step parent) is significantly higher. For financially unstable families, reports for runaways from broken families are the highest of the three family types. Discussion focuses on behaviour surrounding financial insta bility that may influence the occurrence of the sexual abuse of children and youths from the three family types.


The dynamics of photodissociation, cage breakout, and subsequent recombination of molecular iodine in model Lennard‐Jones solvents designed to simulate liquid carbon tetrachloride and ethane is studied via classical stochastic trajectory simulations based on the molecular timescale generalized Langevin equation (MTGLE) of motion for liquid state chemical reaction dynamics [S. A. Adelman, J. Chem. Phys. 73, 3145 (1980)]. Also presented for comparison purposes are parallel trajectory studies based on a matrix Langevin equation characterized by friction coefficients which depend on the I2 internuclear separation R. These studies show that dynamical solvent effects arising from molecular timescale correlated solute/solvation shell motions play a basic role in the I2 photodynamics. The nature and magnitude of these dynamical solvent effects are governed by the MTGLE force constants, especially, the basic force constants ω2e0(R) and ω2c1(R). Dynamical solvent effects in particular: (i) can lead to the productio...


The evaluation of breast milk intake is of particular importance for setting future breast-feeding recommendations and to investigate success strategies for breastfeeding promotion. Exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months of an infant's life is an important factor for optimal growth and health of the child. Moreover, the assessment of postpartum changes in ma- ternal body composition provides important information. In Morocco, this is the first time that breastfeeding practices and human milk intake have been quantified, and that changes in maternal body composition postpartum have been assessed. This study included 32 mother-baby pairs. The exclusive breastfeeding rate, intake of human milk and water from other sources, and the body composition of the mothers were measured at 1 st , 3 rd and 6 th month postpartum by using the deuterium oxide dose-to-mother technique. Results showed that the exclusive breastfeeding rate was 33.3% at the first month, 26.7% at the third and 12.5% at the sixth. Mean intake of breast milk was 615.6 g/d, 741.9 g/d and 843.6 g/d at 1, 3 and 6 months respectively. As expected, there was a significant change in the mothers' body composition between the first and sixth months. As a proportion of body weight, fat free mass increased by 13.4% and fat mass decreased by 33.4%. In conclusion, the rate of exclusive breast- feeding in Morocco remains low, despite advice on the benefits of breastfeeding, clearly showing a resistance to change the behavior of these mothers.


In this paper, we introduce and study a new class of generalized nonlinear mixed quasi-variational inequalities involving maximal η-monotone mapping. Using the resolvent operator technique for maximal η-monotone mapping, we prove the existence of solution for this kind of generalized nonlinear multi-valued mixed quasi-variational inequalities without compactness and the convergence of iterative sequences generated by the new algorithm. We also discuss the convergence and stability of the iterative sequence generated by the perturbed iterative algorithm for solving a class of generalized nonlinear mixed quasi-variational inequalities.


The proliferation of location-based social networks (LBSNs) has offered many conveniences to their participants, such as place recommendation, tracking of friends, monetary rewards from venues visited and a cheap way of advertisement for local businesses. However, users can misuse the offered features and the major threat for the service providers is that of fake check-ins. Users can easily manipulate the localization module of the underlying application and declare their presence in a counterfeit location. The incentives for these behaviors can be both earning monetary rewards as well as virtual rewards. Therefore, while fake check-ins driven from the former motive can cause monetary losses, those aiming in virtual rewards are also harmful. In particular, they can significantly degrade the services offered from the LBSN providers or third parties that make use of these data. In this paper, we propose and analyze a honeypot venue-based solution to tag users who are generating fake spatial information.


The time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagram within the medium temperature range of medium carbon steel has been determined. A single type of C-curve is found within the bainite temperature range for the studied steel. Distinct reaction C-curves were not observed for both types of microstructure, upper bainite and lower bainite in the TTT diagram. Experimental results on the kinetics of the isothermal formation of bainite at different temperature have demonstrated that both type of microstructure, upper and lower bainite, possesses similar overall transformation kinetics. Some applications of phase transformation theory towards the formation of bainitic microstructures are discussed, with particular emphasis on the bainite start temperature, transition temperature from upper to lower bainite, martensite start temperature and the thickness of bainitic plates. Bainite can be regarded as a non-lamellar mixture of ferrite and carbides, but within this broad description, it is possible to identify two classical morphologies, traditionally named upper and lower bainite. Both upper and lower bainite consist of plates of ferrite, known as sub-units, separated by cementite. The plates of ferrite grow in aggregates called sheaves of bainite. Within each sheaf, the plates of ferrite are parallel and share a common crystallographic orientation. The essential difference between upper and lower bainite is with respect to the carbide precipitation. In upper bainite, the bainitic ferrite is free of precipitation; carbides grow from the regions of carbon enriched austenite, which are trapped between the sub-units of ferrite. By contrast lower bainitic ferrite contains a fine dispersion of plate-like carbides within the bainitic ferrite plates. Both upper and lower bainite are formed by the propaga- tion of displacive ferrite sub-units followed by the partition of the excess carbon into the residual austenite. Cementite can then precipitate from the enriched austenite between the ferrite plates. The growth of the bainitic sub-units is accompanied by a change in the shape of the transformed region, which can be described as an invariant-plane strain with a large shear component. The parent austenite cannot accommodate the large shape deformation elastically and relaxes by plastic deformation in the region adjacent to the bainite. This plastic deformation stifles the growth of bainite sub-units before they hit any obstacle, and the transformation proceeds with the formation of a new sub-unit. 1) The mechanism of transformation continues until the carbon concentration of the residual austenite reach the To curve, at which ferrite and austenite with identical chemical compo-


subject are extremely detailed in their scope and structure. For example, in the chapter on young people and different forms of family constructions, Delveroudi describes and discusses closely, in numerous titled sub-sections, all possible relationship-formations and dynamics between youth and figures of authority such as "father-mother-daughter," "father-mother-son," "types of single families" (i.e., mother-daughter, father-daughter, mother-son, father-son), sisters, brother-protector, relatives or even family outside family such as "flatmates." This detailed, but predominantly descriptive, pattern of analysis is applied in all the chapters of the second part. Overall, the thematic approach is successful in that the chosen topics, and consequently the sub-topics, are all carefully selected with the view to reveal important aspects of the visualization of the subject in relation to its narrative patterns. There is, however, some repetition in this part, predominantly due to the fact that discussions of the same issue are often considered separately for the male and female subjects. While such an approach is ideal for isolating and highlighting unique characteristics, it cannot eliminate repetition resulting from common ground observations. In conclusion, Delveroudi proves in this study that she has a good instinct for the cinematic while her goal of revealing patterns of continuity, evolution, and change is to a great extent realized. She has managed to produce an insightfully written survey punctuated with many instances of original and coherent observations. Furthermore, she manages to raise a number of valid questions in relation to text and context such as the relationship between Greek cinema and Hollywood, momentarily shaking Greek cinema from its isolation and creating the foundation for more original work to come.


INTRODUCTION: Health services infrastructure an interplay of resources; equipment, logistics, transport, supplies, manpower, management and information are crucial for effective delivery of quality health care programmes. This paper critically analyses the Malaysian's PHC infrastructure historical development in its effort to reduce urban-rural divide targeting equitable access. METHODS: This review collated information through literature search from published and unpublished research papers. RESULTS: In pre-colonial period, health care facilities relate to cultures of the native people. It became more structured during the post-independence period in 1957. Driven by the goal of building an equitable health care system, reducing the urban-rural health divide, the "Three-tier Rural Health Services" was created and gradually transformed to Two-tier system in the 1970s to reduce delays in relaying referrals for medical attention. Further reforms were seen in 1994 when the outpatient services were transferred from the hospitals to the health clinics giving even greater prominence to primary care services. Modernisation of the health infrastructure development were guided by the "Medical and Design Brief" that provides standardisation according to scope of services syncing intimately the services, manpower and infrastructure. The mobile health services continue to penetrate making deeper inroads to remote areas and marginalised groups. DISCUSSION: During the course of time with urbanisation taking place, delivery systems, scope of services and health care infrastructure including the physical build-up design for health clinic are crafted with the aim of "leaving no one behind" whether they are in rural or urban, remote or in the heart of the city.


In this work we study Ti films, with thickness between 10 nm and 1000 nm, deposited by e-gun on silicon nitride. Critical temperatures and electrical resistivities of these films have been measured and related each other. The behavior of critical temperatures versus the residual resistivities is discussed in the frame of the Testardi and Mattheiss theory


The Unix File System (UFS) has gone through many changes over the years and is still evolving to meet future demands. It has constantly been re-examined and has become the standard against which other files systems are compared. Different implementations of the Unix File System have sprung up in many operating systems, however, the bulk of the innovations are still happening within the BSD community.


From the perspective of religious sociology,the social function of religion has the characteristic of duality and its influence is also different.That is: harmony and disorder;stability and chaos.But the religious talk aimed for "global ethics" and "global responsibility" will play an important role in stimulating religious understanding,solving religious problem,achieving social harmony and cultural assimilation.At present in our country,balancing the relationship between religion and different aspects of society is meaningful to the establishment of socialist harmonious society,and religion will also play its role in the development of harmonious society.


Wilbur Smith's Ballantyne trilogy begins in romance, moves into satire and concludes with a reflexive narrative. This essay explores the basis for Smith's stylistic decisions in Rhodesian history. Events in Rhodesia/Zimbabwe during the period of the composition of these novels cloud the clarity of the author's few moral certainties: his narrative can register the whole bloody business of the Zimbabwean war only with scepticism, and the narrative mode of scepticism is satire. Smith was once a Rhodesian, and the trilogy provides ample evidence that he saw Rhodesia as most Rhodesians once saw it, and was forced to re‐see it in the same way that many Rhodesians have been forced to do.


Manganese (II) Bakelite composites with variable salt concentration of MnCl 2.4H2O were prepared. The composite samples were characterized by thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). From the TGA and DSC, it was seen that there was beneficial effect of increasing salt concentration on thermal stability of the composite in comparison to pure Bakelite resin.


This study provides empirical proof that the positive impact of high accrual quality is the ability to accurately predict the future return with a positive sign. In the capital market, better prospects are commonly indicated by regularly and routinely implementing a high-yield dividend policy. This study uses dividend policy as a moderated multiple regression, which plays a critical role in achieving a high obedience to accounting standards. The causal research involved 154 of the companies listed on the Indonesia Capital Market and 384 observations in the industrial manufacturing sector for 2015–2020. By mulling over the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, and predicting the future market using zero growth with no assumed growth in the future, this empirical study shows that dividend policy is critical when minimizing opportunity behavior. This research provides a mapping of the decision tree model as an implication of game theory because of the interactive feedback between the earning quality and future market value. A sign such as "good" news significantly stimulates the perception of optimistic investors, with no negative manipulation and accruals. It paves the way for investors to strictly control and monitor strategic decisions to obtain significant improvement in prospects.


The formation of epoxy-amine polymers filled with A-175 and MAS-200m aerosils was studied by rotary viscometry and differential thermal analysis. It was demonstrated that the presence of a filler causes an increase in the rate of curing and that there is a correlation between the rheokinetic constant and the viscosity of the initial composition. The structurization of the initial oligomer composition by the filler via the formation of a physical network of coagulation type results in a sharp decrease in the gelation time. The time of gelation is inversely proportional to the initial viscosity. For filled compositions, the point of gelation is attained at lower extents of conversion in comparison with unfilled compositions.


This article examines the association of mothers' income with children's economic mobility in a period of increased women's labor market participation in Sweden. I found that whether a mother was economically independent and had an income similar to that of the father during her children's late childhood and adolescence positively associated with upward mobility. The results show a substantial association of mother's income position to their daughters' mobility, but not for sons'. Among the primary mechanisms, I argue that extra resources from mothers helped human capital investment through education and that mothers influenced daughters by a gendered role model.


The land and forest administration system in Malaysia faces a complexity bias due to the misinterpretation of rules and legislation, leading to increased disputes. The reliance on British law for matters like land ownership amplifies this issue, and the intricacies of static and dynamic arrangements further compound the complexity. Previously, Malay rural land rights were based on usufructuary principles, but the colonial land alienation policy redefined unalienated land, land reserved for public purposes, and reserved forests as State Land. This study seeks to comprehensively review and analyse legal rules, cases, statutes, and regulations to understand ancient land law practices and the influence of British colonial land law on land administration. Conducted in Peninsular Malaysia, the study focuses on primary documents, cases, and critical analyses from three states: Perak, Penang, and Kelantan. The findings of the study highlight the contentious nature of land rights and autonomy in utilizing natural resources in Malaysia. The country inherits both formal and informal land tenure systems rooted in customary law, making dispute resolution challenging. The principal characteristic of ancient land law is based on a hypothetical model of the ancient customary land tenure system, encompassing different eras, missions, and principles. Significantly, the study reveals a direct and strong connection between colonial land law and current land law practices in the respective states. Additionally, Malaysia's land law has been influenced by Islamic law (Syariah) to some extent and blended with other ancient customary laws before the introduction of Torren in 1897.


Objective To investigate the cerebral vasospasm(CVS) and its relationship with the traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage(tSAH). Method 36 patients suffered from tSAH diagnosed by CT scanning or lumbar puncture were observed. All the patients were examined by Transcranial Doppler(TCD) regularly. We evaluated the CT imaging by improved Fisher grade and compared the change of intracranial pressure (ICP), velocities of MCA and lindergard index during the period between 3 and 14days after head injury. Results CVS was found in 13 patients and 3 patients with severe CVS. There is significant correlation between the CVS and the amount or main site of tSAH. Conclusion CVS caused by tSAH may lead to cerebral ischemic infraction and may influence the prognosis.


The Ministry of Education announced Grade 1-9 Curriculum Guidelines in 2000. The purpose of music education in the Arts and Humanities Curriculum, is not only to teach students to read music, experience rhythm, appreciate a melody, play an instrument or sing a song, but also to inspire their creativity and expressiveness as well as a tolerance and respect for the creations of others. However, our present music education does not exactly conform to the guidelines of the Arts and Humanities Curriculum. In fact it actually limits opportunity for creation. The concept of learning happily is the most popular one for both education researchers and education establishments. The main purpose of this study was to find ways of improving elementary school music education by combining the course with a game or a favorite toy. A questionnaire was used in a survey of the learning attitude that employed a music learning attitude scale and a toy assisted music learning opinion. We found that the willingness of students to learn, when using the toy assisted music learning course, was higher than in the traditional courses. It also reduced the anxiety associated with music learning and allowed better focus and concentration in the class. Furthermore, in our compilation of the statistics from the questionnaire, it was clear that the students doing the toy assisted course were more willing and confident in music creation and they also loved the style of the toy. The result shows the method can improve the learning attitude and enhance interest in music creation. The "music donut", when used as a toy to assist the teaching of music, can improve the elementary school music course.


Results For the UF, in the normal-aged group 7 out of 10 subjects demonstrated a statistically significant (P<0.05) hemisphere lateralisation with the right UF having a greater average half-width than the left. This pattern was reduced to 6 out of 10 subjects in the follow-up scan. The SLF showed statistically significant lateralisation, with 8 out of 10 subjects having greater left average half-width than the right. This pattern was maintained in the follow-up scan. For the ILF, there was no clear pattern of lateralisation in both scans. In the AD group, there was no statistically significant pattern of lateralisation in all three tracts. When comparing the mean half-width values longitudinally (initial scan vs. follow up), for the normal-aged and AD groups using Wilcoxon paired non-parametric tests, all tests show significant differences. The tests also point to a difference in the rates of the progression of atrophy in the two groups, with a consistently more rapid rate of atrophy in the AD group. Table 1 illustrates the various comparisons that were made. Table 1 The results of inter-group tests along with the mean half-width reduction values. Inter-hemispheric differences where tested for using two tailed t-tests, taking unequal variances into account. Longitudinal differences were tested for using Wilcoxon paired non-parametric tests. Normal-Aged * L1↔R1 0.021 r:4.21±3.95 0.792 2.24±1.47 0.006 l:1.9±0.95 0.368 1.13±1.14 0.904 1.53±1.06 0.139 2.94±2.17 L2↔R2 0.055 r:3.98±3.69 0.742 2.27±1.31 0.005 l:2.19±0.94 0.768 2.13±1.68 0.337 2.05±1.38 0.053 2.58±1.89 R1↔R2 0.002 -1.5±0.45 0.002 -0.72±0.2 0.002 -0.96±0.48 0.008 -2.23±1.25 0.008 -1.14±0.9 0.008 -1.53±1.05 L1↔L2 0.002 -0.92±0.21 0.002 -0.77±0.26 0.002 -0.72±0.18 0.008 -1.63±2.07 0.008 -1.96±1.71 0.008 -0.93±0.37 * L1/R1 denotes the hemisphere from which the tract was extracted from: L=Left, R=Right; l=left-lateralisation; r=right lateralisation. The subscript numbers indicate the scan: 1 is the initial scan and 2 is the follow up. Discussion & Conclusions This work demonstrates that it is possible to identify the effect of progression of Alzheimer's disease on tracts via the measurement of tract width. The evidence for right hemisphere lateralisation for the UF in the Normal-Aged group is comparable to published in vitro work (8), which found right hemisphere lateralisation in the UF in 80% of their subjects and is compatible with previous cross-sectional tractography findings (5). The lack of lateralisation of the UF in the AD group is also compatible with this previous work (5). The higher rate of atrophy of UF and SLF over 1 year in the right hemisphere that we have observed in both noarmal-aged and AD subjects indicates possible hemisphere-specific atrophy processes that are accelerated in the presence of AD and is comparable to previously reported findings (9). The findings of this study indicate that our method is sensitive to both longitudinal changes and inter-hemispheric differences in tract width and may have future use as a biomarker in clinical trials to assess the performance of therapeutic intervention on the rate of atrophy.


Abstract Introduction  Alström syndrome (AS) is an autosomal recessive ciliopathy caused by mutations in ALMS1, which encodes a protein that localizes to centrosomes and basal bodies of primary cilia. Early emergence of obesity in patients with AS suggests a key role for ALMS1 in body weight regulation. Mice with non-functional Alms1 develop normal hypothalamic cilia, but these are not maintained postnatally. This suggests involvement of the central pathways regulating energy balance in the development of obesity in AS. Since leptin signaling has been shown to be impaired in the related ciliopathy Bardet-Biedl syndrome, we hypothesized that targeting central pathways downstream of leptin signaling would reduce food intake and body weight in Alms1-/- mice.   Methods  Dose-response for the selective melanocortin 1/4 receptor agonist RM-493 (Setmelanotide) in suppressing food intake was determined in 19-wk-old female Alms1-/- mice (n=3) and wild-type (WT) littermates (n=3), individually housed and receiving daily intraperitoneal injections of vehicle (3 d) followed by RM-493 (3 d). A separate cohort of 17-wk-old male (n=4) and female (n=4) Alms1-/- mice had food intake measured continuously in metabolic cages (CLAMS, Columbus Instruments). After determining baseline food intake, mice received vehicle (2 d), followed by RM-493 (3 d), then 3d of washout (no treatment). Repeated measures ANOVA was performed. Mean ± SE and nominal p-values are shown.  Results  In the dose-response study, Alms-/- and WT had food intake responses that were similar for 40 (p=0.72), but different for 100, 250, and 1000 nmol/kg/d (p's<0.05). We selected 250 nmol/kg/d as the dose for further investigation as food intake was unchanged in WT (p=0.23) but reduced in Alms1-/- (p=0.04). In the second cohort, food intake and body weight were similar at baseline compared to vehicle for both male and female Alms1-/- (p's>0.84). RM-493 (250 nmol/kg/d) reduced food intake in male Alms1-/- compared to vehicle (-46.4%; p=0.003), causing a nonsignificant reduction in body weight (-13.1%; p=0.33), whereas food intake in female Alms1-/- was reduced by 28.5%, and body weight by 6.5%, although neither difference was significant (p's >0.61). During the washout period, male Alms1-/- ate 62.8% more food than during the vehicle period (p<0.0001), resulting in body weight regain of 5.0 ± 0.7 g. Female Alms1-/- ate 24.8% more food during the washout period compared to vehicle (p=0.056), regaining 2.4 ± 0.6 g of body weight.    Conclusion  RM-493 acutely reduces food intake in Alms1-/- mice with a greater effect in males than females. Withdrawal of RM-493 results in compensatory overeating and rapid weight regain back to pre-treatment values. These findings identify RM-493 as a promising drug candidate for treating obesity in AS. The impact of RM-493 on long-term body weight will be determined in ongoing chronic treatment studies in Alms1-/- and WT mice. Unless otherwise noted, all abstracts presented at ENDO are embargoed until the date and time of presentation. For oral presentations, the abstracts are embargoed until the session begins. Abstracts presented at a news conference are embargoed until the date and time of the news conference. The Endocrine Society reserves the right to lift the embargo on specific abstracts that are selected for promotion prior to or during ENDO.


The purpose of this study was to examine closely what of effects marketing mix of a Taekwondo gym's has on parents-satisfaction, parents-loyalty, re-enrollments and recommendation to provide basic data to come up with different marketing Taekwondo gym. Data was analyzed through frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation relative analysis and structure equation modeling were carried out using SPSS 18.0 & AMOS 18.0. As the result of analysis, first people and place have a significant effect on parents-satisfaction. Second, people have a significant effect on parents-loyalty. Third, parents-satisfaction have a significant effect on parents-loyalty, re-enrollments and recommendation. Forth, parents-loyalty have a significant effect on re-enrollments. Fifth parents-loyalty have not significant effect on recommendation. Sixth, re-enrollments have a significant effect on recommendation.


This paper has analysed the basic characteristics of advertisement recei ver psychologically and put forth relevant advertising strategies. It p oints out that advertising designs should stress on applying techniques of psych ological affection to strengthen the psychological effect of advertisements and to impress effectively advertisement receivers.


The present experiment was conducted during 2008–09 at C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur to evaluate the effect of nutrition of different planes on nutrient utilization and milk yield in cattle. Nine crossbred cows were taken and divided into three equal groups (T1, T2 and T3) having three animals in each group. In T1 group, the animals were fed with conventional feeding system and in T2 and T3 groups, they were fed with more than 20% and less than 20% recommended dose of concentrate both supplemented with wheat straw as adlib and berseem as green fodder, respectively. The highest digestibility coefficient of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude fibre (CF) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) were found in T3 group of cattle, followed by T2 and T1 groups. The highest digestible crude protein (DCP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) were observed in T2 group, it means more than enough to meet maintenance requirement of animals in T3 group. The digestibility of all the nutrients and milk yield were found to be statistically non-significant amongst all the groups of the cattle. Thus, results indicated that the extra feeding over the National Research Council standards is not suitable as far as nutrient utilization and milk production is concerned in crossbred cattle.


Author Institution: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Kentucky; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Kentucky; Department of Electrical Engineering, Wright State University


The lithium battery of portable miner's lamp will be damaged when over-charge,over-discharge or in the low temperature environment.So the new features of LED lithium battery and the working principle of LED light source drive circuit are introduced.And analyzes how to operate more safely,conveniently and stably of the lithium battery in special miner's lighting product.


Abstract : A theoretical investigation was made into the angular correlation that exists between two plane waves propagating through a scattering medium. Comparisons were made with the coherence existing between the angular correlation and the correlation of the exiting waves with a reference wave. Such studies are important to understanding how a wave field can be recovered after propagation through a scattering medium. A new concept, that of spatial filtering time gating, was investigated. This idea enables propagation through scattering media to be studied in a simple way unencumbered by the complexities of short coherence length interference. New concepts in confocal imaging were explored relating this process to volume holography and to synthetic aperture imaging. Confocal imaging theory was reformulated in the broadest possible way, giving rise to a basic theory of confocal imaging that encompasses all confocal imaging processes in their many diverse forms including the novel forms developed here. A new method of recording scattered light was developed. This method is based on up-conversion in non-linear crystals and records only the light component in which the propagation vector is aligned along some preferred axis. This method will further improve the capability for imaging of objects embedded in scattering media. Phase conjugation methods were employed in a novel way to detect objects embedded in scattering media


The pace of job creation and job destruction has fallen in recent decades. This might suggest a new normal of slow employment growth during recoveries.


The concept and meaning of coordinated logistics are described and starting from analyzing its basic mode with comparative advantages, the paper puts forward that integrated logistics is the cutting-point for small/middle sized manufacturing business to establish coordinated logistics and discusses the way to implement it and the problems needed to be noticed and solved.


The French Capitulation in Egypt and the Preliminary Anglo-French Treaty of Peace in October 1801: A Note; Charles John Fedorak


In energy-deficient systems, such as satellite systems for remote sensing, the issue of reducing power consumption is especially relevant. The group signal transformation has shown high efficiency in reducing the dynamic range of transmitted highly correlated signals. Such signals include, for example, signals for object positioning or multispectral analysis obtained from remote sensing devices. In the present work, the estimation of bit error rate depending on the signal-to-noise ratio and compression level of the original signals was carried out. In this research, we used the model based on the ESP32 microcontroller. We obtained the analog light sensors (photoresistors) connected to the controller to obtain highly correlated signals. The calculations of the bit error rate show that compression of the dynamic range of the transmitted signals two times, and, consequently, reduction of the transmission energy, weakly affects the error rate. However, a further increase in the compression level leads to a sharp increase.


Whole flour, defatted flour and freeze dried protein concentrate were obtained from chickpea. Protein solubility, water and oil absorption capacity, emulsifying capacity and emulsion stability, foaming capacity and foam stability were used to evaluate the chickpea protein derivates from a chemical and functional standpoint. The chickpea protein concentrate, obtained by alkaline solubilization (pH 10.5) followed by isoelectric precipitation at pH= 4.5 and freeze drying, displayed the highest protein content and the best functional properties. The profiles of the solubility curves corresponding to the chickpea protein concentrate indicate a minimum solubility at pH ranging from 4 to 5 (i.e., protein solubility of 12.5% in the case of chickpea protein concentrate) and two domains of maximum solubility at pH 1.8 and 11.8 (i.e., protein solubility of 53.2% and 85.7%, respectively, in the case of chickpea protein concentrate). The profiles of protein solubility curves are similar with the profiles of the emulsifying capacity vs. pH curves. The foaming capacity increased with the increase of chickpea protein concentration. After 120 hours of storage the foam stability was higher than 90%. The experimental data show that the chickpea protein concentrate can be successfully used as food ingredient due to its chemical composition and functional properties.


Rapid urban land expansion and the resulting arable land loss have put food security in China at risk. This paper investigates the characteristics and mechanism of arable land conversion in Beijing using a logistic model based on land-use data for 2001 and 2010. The results suggest that (1) arable land conversion tends to occur near built-up areas, city centers and major roads; (2) arable land that lies closer to irrigation canals and country roads is less likely to be converted to urban use; (3) arable land that is bigger in size and has a more regular shape has a lower probability of conversion to urban use; and (4) the Prime Farmland Protection policy and related land-use plan have played a positive role in preserving arable land, demonstrated by the probability for arable land conversion inside a prime farmland boundary is 63.9 percent less than for land outside the boundary. Based on these findings and on sustainable-development principles, we suggest that, rather than an exclusive focus on controlling the quantity of arable land, the location and characteristics of the arable land should be a primary consideration when designing urban policies and plans.


Slope stability is influenced by the excavation unloading relaxation effects of rock masses obviously,and how to control the degree of excavation unloading relaxation is very important.The left bank slope at Jinping ⅠHydropower Station was selected for the case study,and the unloading relaxation effects of rock mass and excavation measures for high in-situ stress slope were researched.Back-analysis results of three-dimensional in-situ stress of study region showed that,the in-situ stress at the study region is very high,the horizontal tectonic stress is higher than vertical direction,and the maximum first principle stress is about 40~50 MPa at the riverbed.The acoustic wave velocity and borehole deformation modulus test results showed that,the unloading relaxation effect of rock masses in the high in-situ stress region is obviously and the unloading relaxation degree is increased with the in-situ stress.Two field experiments of anchoring after excavation and anchoring before excavation methods for control the excavation unloading relaxation showed that the anchoring before excavation method can improve the stress relaxation and control the deformation of rock masses well.


— Biofuels, like biobutanol, have been recognized for being renewable and sustainable fuels which can be produced from lignocellulosic biomass. To convert lignocellulosic biomass to biofuel, pretreatment process is an important step to remove hemicelluloses and lignin to improve enzymatic hydrolysis. Dilute acid pretreatment has been successful developed for pretreatment of corncobs and the optimum conditions of dilute sulfuric and phosphoric acid pretreatment were obtained at 120 ° C for 5 min with 15:1 liquid to solid ratio and 140 ° C for 10 min with 10:1 liquid to solid ratio, respectively. The result shows that both of acid pretreatments gave the content of total sugar approximately 34–35 g/l. In case of inhibitor content (furfural), phosphoric acid pretreatment gives higher than sulfuric acid pretreatment. Characterizations of corncobs after pretreatment indicate that both of acid pretreatments can improve enzymatic accessibility and the better results present in corncobs pretreated with sulfuric acid in term of surface area, crystallinity, and composition analysis.


For nearly two centuries now, the invention of bifocal spectacles has been almost exclusively attributed to Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790). Pieces of evidence exist, however, that make such sole attribution for such a simple, yet so important, an invention, questionable or even improbable. The aim of this paper is to review the evidence and to examine the principal roles, interrelationships and influences, of three persons involved in the early history of bifocals, namely Benjamin Franklin, and two famous artists, Sir Joshua Reynolds and Benjamin West.


In the design of bridges, exact evaluation of traffic loading is very important for the safety and maintenance of bridges. In general, traffic loading is represented by live load (including impact load) and fatigue load. For exact evaluation of traffic loading, it is important to get reliable and comprehensive truck data including the traffic and weight information. It requires the development of Bridge Weigh-In-Motion (BWIM), which measures the truck weights without stopping the traffic. Objectives of the study is (1) to develop the BWIM system, (2) to verified the system in bridges in Highways.


Twenty six strains of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated in cultured fish and soft shelled turtles were collected from various areas of China. Their susceptibilities to 21 antibacterial agents were studied by disc diffusion method. It was showed that all strains tcsted were resistant to pcnieillin and cephalosporins. Most of the strains were sensitive to norfloxacin, chloramphenicol and furazolidone, but up to 73.1%, 70.1% and 50.0% of strains tested showed resistance to sulfonamides, aminogylcosides and tetracyclines respectively. Meanwhile, their susceptibilities were examined by micro dilution procedure against 8 commonly used antibacterials including ampicillin, furazolidone, teltracycline, oxytetracyeline ,steptomycin, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides and ciprofloxacin. Only two of 26 strains of A. hydrophila were sensitive to all drugs tested except ampicillin. The remaining 24 strains were resistant to various combinations of 8 drugs. Majority of the strains carried a marker of resistance to 2~3 drugs and highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol. The results indicated that A. hydrophila was highly resistant to most of common antibioties in China and more new antibacterials should be introduced into aquaculture to control ever increasing fish diseases. The criterion for drug resistant bacteria was also discussed in this paper.


Let X be a smooth projective hypersurface. In this note we show that any six generated arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay vector bundle over X splits if dim X >= 6.


of a thesis at the University of Miami. Thesis supervised by Professor Annette M. La Greca. No. of pages in text. (87) Peer victimization (PV) is a salient interpersonal stressor that has been linked with a variety of mental and physical health outcomes in adolescence. However, limited research has focused on the links between PV and substance use, specifically cigarette and alcohol use. The present study examined the relationship between four subtypes of PV (overt, relational, reputational, and cyber) and adolescent cigarette and alcohol use. Gender and peer aggression were also examined as potential moderators. Participants were 811 adolescents aged 13 to 19 years (M = 15.79 years; SD = 1.21), who were recruited from two high schools in the Miami-Dade County Public School system. Adolescents completed the Revised Peer Experiences Questionnaire, the Cyber Victimization Scale for Adolescents, and items from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Results indicated that aggressive boys who reported high levels of overt PV and aggressive boys who reported low levels of relational PV were most likely to report greater cigarette use. Overtly victimized youth were more likely to report a higher frequency of drinking and binge drinking. Cyber victimization represented a risk factor for all health risk behaviors. Findings suggest important targets for prevention and intervention efforts to reduce cigarette and alcohol use among youth. Peer-based interventions that address issues related to PV may be important in reducing adolescent


New process intensification strategies for butyl acrylate production are emerging as an alternative to the conventional multistage process, where high temperatures and homogeneous catalysts are used. In this work, a novel approach is presented focusing on process reintensification by combining pervaporation and sorption enhanced reactive processes, the simulated moving-bed membrane reactor (SMBR), also known as PermSMBR. Different configurations of membranes combined with the simulated moving-bed reactor (SMBR) were investigated: integrated, comprising membranes packed with the Amberlyst-15 ion-exchange resin, and coupled, consisting of several hydrophilic membranes each of which was followed by a fixed-bed adsorptive reactor. Mathematical models were implemented to predict the PermSMBR performance with the different configurations. To achieve this, different experimental runs were carried out to validate the mathematical model for the simulated moving-bed reactor. Then, fundamental pervaporation data were taken into account to investigate numerically the PermSMBR process. The maximum performance was achieved with the integrated PermSMBR configuration, which was the best strategy for BAc production, with a productivity of 8.00 (kgBAc (Lₐdₛ–¹·day–¹)), which is 33% higher than that obtained in the conventional SMBR. Moreover, this strategy leads to a significant reduction in the consumption of the eluent, 32%, relative to SMBR for the same conversion (≥99%) and purity criteria (≥99.5%). This is due to the more effective removal of water by favoring the solid regeneration step.


In [1] Billingsley defined Hausdorff dimension for subsets of a probability space, and developed relations with entropy and information theory. In [2] he explored the effect of varying the probability measure in the definition. In revisiting his work we will sharpen his density theorems so that they give results for measures as well as dimension (Lemmas 5.1 and 5.2). In Euclidean space R there is no generally accepted definition of a fractal, even though fractal sets are widely used as models for many physical phenomena. The idea behind these models is that of self-similarity or affineness which is based on the linear structure of Rd. These and other geometrical notions have no obvious meaning in an abstract probability space. One of us [11] proposed a measure-theoretic definition for subsets E c Rd: E should be called a fractal if


Corporation is an importam organizational style in modern enterprise system; and the corporate governance is the core of the Corporation system. The essence of corporate governance is the mechanism of balance of power within the corporation. The modei of separation and balance of power has been set up in China's corporations. That is, General Meeting, Board of Directors and Superviso-ry Board independently exercise decision - making power, executive power and supervision power respectively, which is central to the operation of corporation. This modei of corporate governance structure enjoys such basis of formation as value orientation of corporate governance, the property structure of corporations and practices of corporate governance in foreign countries.


Thebiochemical composi- tionofmyelin andthetopology ofits constituent lipids andproteins aretypi- cally studied usingmembranesthat havebeenisolated fromwhole, intact tissue using procedures involving hypo- tonic shockandsucrosedensity gra- dient centrifugation. To whatextent, however, arethestructure andinter- membraneinteractions ofisolated my- elin similar tothoseofintact myelin? Wehavepreviously reported that intact andisolated myelins do notalways showidentical myelin periods, indicat- inga difference inmembrane-mem- braneinteractions. Thepresent study addresses thepossibility thatthisis duetoaltered membranestructure. Because x-rayscattering fromisolated myelin sometimes consists ofoverlap- pingBraggreflections oriscontinuous, we developed nonlinear least squares procedures foranalyzing thetotal intensity distribution after film scaling, background subtraction, andLorentz correction. We calculated electron density profiles ofisolated myelin for comparison withmembraneprofiles fromintact myelin. Thechangeinthe width oftheextracellular spaceandthe relative invariance ofthecytoplasmic space as a function ofpHandionic strength that we previously foundfor intact nervewas largely paralleled by isolated myelin. There weretwoexcep- tions: isolated CNSmyelin was resis- tanttoswelling underallconditions, andisolated PNSmyelin inhypotonic saline showedindefinite swelling atthe extracellular apposition. However, electron density profiles ofisolated myelins, calculated to30A resolution, didnotshowany majorchangein structure compared withintact myelin thatcouldaccount forthedifferences ininteractions.


The 3.62day isotope, '"Ra, is a member of the thorium decay chain. The decay of one atom of '=Ra results in the ultimate emission of four alpha particles that release about 26.5 MeV to the environment. The precursors of 224Ra include isotopes of thorium, actinium, and radium, while its descendants comprise isotopes of radon, polonium, lead, bismuth, and thallium. As the chemical identity of an atom changes through successive radioactive transformations, the probability that it will decay at its site of formation or migrate to a metabolically more appropriate location first depends on both the biological properties of the element and the half-life for radioactive decay of the nuclide. This has important ramifications in the radiation dosimetry of 224Ra; the situation is discussed briefly for each element, including the precursors of 224Ra.


QoS (Quality of service) is very important for the normal functioning of currently used and newly developed network protocols, applications and services. However, providing for each protocol, applications and services the required level of QoS becomes a serious problem. To solve this problem, it is necessary to continuously monitoring and management QoS in real time. This article discusses existent methods for monitoring and managing QoS for the purpose of analyzing the problems associated with providing QoS.


The invention provides a chemical vapor deposition based method for preparing a surface Raman enhanced active substrate. The method comprises the following steps: covering a layer of silver membrane on the surface of a silicon sheet through a thermal evaporation method; placing the silicon sheet covered by a layer of silver nano membrane into a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reaction cavity, heating to a preset temperature to remove water from the solid silver membrane so as to form silver nano particles; introducing a reaction gas into the cavity at the preset temperature to evenly grow a layer of silicon membrane on the surfaces of the silver nano particles so as to form a core-shell nano spherical array structure; then taking out the silicon sheet with a core-shell nano spherical array structure from the CVD reaction activity, and covering a layer of silver membrane with a preset thickness on the core-shell nano spherical array structure through a thermal evaporation method so as to obtain the surface Raman enhanced active substrate. The prepared active substrate has extremely high SERS enhancement and sensitivity, moreover, the preparation technology is simple, repeatability is good, and large-scale preparation can be achieved.


Abstract This article compares several estimators for linear regression models with first-order autocorrelated errors. Asymptotic variances of the estimators of regression coefficients are obtained up to order T −2 for the maximum likelihood, the iterated Prais-Winsten, and the iterated Cochrane—Orcutt methods. It is shown that the first two methods are equivalent in efficiency and that the last is less efficient. This loss in efficiency is due to the effect of the initial observation in the regressor. Asymptotic biases of the estimators for the autocorrelation coefficient are also given.


Abstract : The purpose of this research was to evaluate the emissions of volatile and semi-volatile compounds which are constituents of a complex creosote waste from laboratory simulations of a land treatment system to assess the potential human exposure to hazardous compounds from this source. In addition, the Thibodeaux-Hwang Air Emission Release Rate (AERR) model was evaluated for its use in predicting emission rates of hazardous constituents of creosote wood preservative waste from land treatment facilities. A group of hazardous volatile and semi-volatile constituents present in the creosote waste was selected for evaluation in this study and included a variety of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNA's), phenol, and chlorinated and substituted phenols. Keywords: Volatility; Organic compounds; Creosote; Land areas; Waste treatment; Hazardous materials; Toluene; Phenol; M-Cresol; 2,6-Dimethylphenol; Napthalene; Z-methylnapthalene; 2-Ethylnaphthalene; Pentachlorophenol; Anthracene; Polynuclear aromatic (PNA) hydrocarbons.


Abstract The nineteenth century witnessed the institutionalisation of contemporary English society. This included a vast increase in the type and number of residential institutions to rehabilitate the socially disadvantaged. Amongst these establishments were lunatic asylums and other specialist hospitals, workhouses and orphanages, all provided with their own purpose-built buildings and landscapes which were believed to be essential to their function of restoring their inhabitants to their place within society. There has been little acknowledgement or study of these landscape types and still less has been published about their design, structure or extent. This article will provide an overview and comparison of these types, and will examine briefly the influences on their genesis. This analysis will demonstrate the historic significance of their designed landscapes and their distinctiveness as individual landscape types which developed alongside other better-known novel landscape types of the nineteenth century such as public parks and cemeteries.


Wide bandgap semiconductor materials such as gallium nitride (GaN) and silicon carbide have grown in popularity as a substrate for power devices for high temperature and high voltage applications over the last two decades. Recent research has been focused on the design of integrated circuits for protection and control in these wide bandgap materials. The ICs developed in SiC and GaN can not only complement the power devices in high voltage and high frequency applications, but can also be used for standalone high temperature control and data acquisition circuitry. This dissertation work aims to explore the possibilities in high temperature and wide bandgap circuit design by developing a host of mixed-signal circuits that can be used for control and data acquisition. These include a family of current-mode signal processing circuits, general purpose amplifiers and comparators, and 8-bit data converters. The signal processing circuits along with amplifiers and comparators are then used to develop an integrated mixed-signal controller for a DC-DC flyback converter in a microinverter application. The 8-bit SAR ADC and the 8-bit R2R ladder DAC open up the possibility of a remote data acquisition and control system in high temperature environments. The circuits and systems presented here offer a gateway to great opportunities in high temperature and power electronics ICs in SiC. ©2015 by Ashfaqur Rahman All Rights Reserved


Xiaolin Chen, Washington State University, Vancouver Dr. Xiaolin Chen is an Assistant Professor of School of Engineering and Computer Science at Washington State University Vancouver. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Cincinnati and her M.S. and B.S. from Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China. Her teaching and research interests include computational mechanics, finite element and boundary element methods, advanced materials modeling & characterization, and manufacturing process simulation.


Renewable energy sources require power converters with wide input voltage range operation capability. Resonant converters have gained popularity in these applications owning to its high efficiency operation characteristic. Nevertheless, the traditional frequency-controlled resonant converter has the disadvantages of wide switching frequency operation, high circulating current, and low conversion efficiency. The topology morphing control is proposed for LLC converter with multiple operations to tackle these problems. However, due to the large switching frequency mismatch at the mode transition point, there are large voltage transients during the mode transition. In this article, a simple smooth mode transition strategy is proposed. The large switching frequency mismatch and voltage transients are mitigated.


Ongoing monitoring of the Gepatsch Glacier, Tirol (Austria) consists of a multifaceted, interdisciplinary project which aims to characterise short term (diurnal in the summer melt season) and longer term (annual to decadal) changes to the glacier snout and forefield in the context of a rapid retreating valley glacier. The glacial valley and forefield comprises amphibolites, para- and orthogneisses that have been smoothed and striated into whalebacks, compound bedrock-sediment bedforms (crag and tail structures), flutes, and annual moraines. The glacial sediments and landforms are undergoing incision and terrace development by meltwater streams. As part of a long term goal to characterise the rates of erosion, sedimentation, and re-deposition, we return to the same site each year in mid-July to collect airborne data with an UAV (Mavic Pro drone) that allows us to produce orthophotos and digital elevation models. We compute the daily and annual elevation changes, allowing us determine zones of erosion and deposition. Measureable evidence for erosion of flutes in the immediate glacial forefield has occurred over a 12-month time period. Till deposited within the last 20 years has undergone substantial mass wasting and re-deposition as subaerial mass flows, or reworked into stream deposits. The lee side of many whaleback structures completely lacks subglacial sediment, and contains instead a sand and gravel deposit interpreted to result from waterlain deposition. Thus, this case study area offers insight into the rates of erosion and deposition in a complex, proglacial setting, allowing some of these processes to be quantified for the first time. This approach is expected to yield a better understanding of the preservation potential of proglacial sedimentary facies, and hence their preservation potential in Earth’s sedimentary record.


From abstract: Anomalies are presented for temperature records from 27 stations located between Maine and Florida. The years 1950-59 are taken as a common base period.


News and columns in print media are one of the most efficient forms of mass media in terms of transferring its ideas to society. In this study, the aim was to examine news content mentioning the Turkish aquaculture sector, which has recently gained acceleration in production and export, in national newspapers based on some keywords depicting the sector, and to research whether or not the tendency of news content has changed depending on the keywords. The study has been performed with content analysis. For this purpose, the content of news and columns published between 2010 and 2019 in the highest circulation national newspapers were searched with two groups. The first group involved news and column rankings resulting from "aquaculture and/or culture fisheries" keywords, while the second group involved rankings based on "fish farm and/or fish farms" keywords. 575 of 896 news and columns were included as samples. News related to Turkey's aquaculture sector was researched based on five different categories: publishing date, category, approach, the tendency of news content and subject. According to the results of this study, it is found that the aquaculture sector has been averagely portrayed with more positive information (53,74%) than negative (46,26%) in Turkish newspapers. But it has also been demonstrated that a clear majority (91,08%) of the first group has a positive content tendency, having subjects such as production quantity, employment, support and exports. Conversely, the second group generally has a negative content tendency (68,23%) having subjects such as environmental pollution and environmental protection, taste-price-naturality-quality and sector-tourism conflict. According to statistical analysis, it has been determined that there is a statistically significant relationship between keywords and the tendency of news content (p<0,05). It can be said thanks to the findings that "aquaculture" and "culture fisheries" keywords can create a positive symbolic perception in public opinion for the sector, while "fish farm" and "fish farms" can create negative perceptions. Thus, this study has drawn attention to the fact that perceptions of society created by the news and columns in media are another factor that needs to be considered and managed by both businesses and government in terms of the sectoral image perspective.


The problems associated with assigning a contact temperature to the metallic point contacts, used in microcontact spectroscopy, under bias conditions are discussed. It is demonstrated that the Kohlrausch relation can be solved numerically to obtain an estimate of the maximum contact temperature if the electron diffusion length is smaller than the effective contact diameter. This procedure allows a more accurate estimate of the maximum contact temperature to be made when the contact is in the Maxwell limit and it eliminates the need to use the Wiedemann-Franz relationship. The measured differential resistance curves of high purity Gd point contacts are compared with theoretical predictions of the contact temperature.


Objectives: Glioblastoma multiforme is a highly malignant primary tumor of the brain. It has a dismal survival prognosis of 14-16 months following initial diagnosis. Despite aggressive upfront therapy, glioblastoma tends to recur in twelve months. Following this recurrence, some patients may benefit from Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (GKRS) treatment. This study analyzes survival outcomes in a case series by studying known prognostic indicators for glioblastoma patients. Methods: 63 patients with recurrent glioblastoma were treated with GKRS as part of a multimodal treatment plan between 2002 and 2011. Overall survival (from date of diagnosis) was compared to expected survival times as indicated by updated RTOG recursive partitioning analysis (RTOG-RPA) Classes. Survival post-GKRS salvage was also investigated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine whether there were significant predictors of overall survival for patients undergoing GKRS salvage.


Objective
To explore the effects of ICU head nurse's leadership style on nurse's professional identity.

Methods
Totally 112 nurses from 9 ICUs of a ClassⅢ Grade A hospital in Beijing were selected using convenient sampling in September 2018 and investigated with Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) and Professional Identity Scale (PIS) . Multivariate multilayer regression analysis was used to analyze the effects of ICU head nurse's leadership style on nurse's professional identity.

Results
Head nurse's transformational leadership perceived by the nurses scored (2.69±0.37) ; the transactional leadership scored (0.62±0.61) ; and the nurses' professional identity scored (116.63±22.76) . Head nurse's transformational leadership was positively correlated with the nurses' professional identity (r=0.376, P 0.05) . Multilayer regression analysis revealed that the transformational leadership is an influencing factor to the nurses' professional identity.

Conclusions
Head nurse's leadership style has significant impacts on nurse's professional identity, and the transformational leadership has positive effects on nurse's professional identity. Hospital managers should pay attention to cultivating the transformational leadership of clinical nursing managers, thus improving nurse's professional identity.

Key words:
Nurses; Head nurses; Leadership; Professional identity


The creation of the African Union (AU) in 2002 was an important achievement towards attaining collective security, as African member states united in their quest to identify and work collectively towards mitigating conflicts on the continent. The AU Peace and Security Council (PSC) was established by the July 2002 Durban protocol, which defines the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) and its components, namely :
the Common African Defence and Security Policy;
the Military Staff Committee;
the African Standby Force;
the Continental Early Warning System;
the Panel of the Wise; and
the New Economic Partnership for African Development (NEPAD).


Mechanical performance of columnar grain superelastic CuAlBe wires was studied and compared with single crystal wires.The wires were prepared by hot mold continuous casting process.Cycling tensile tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical performance.A pure bending fatigue test was used to measure the bending fatigue lifetime.The results showed that maximum 15% recoverable strain was obtained which is equivalent to single crystalline ones.Martensite stabilization occurred above this maximum strain,that led to residual deformation and serrated peaks during unloading.The bending fatigue lifetime of columnar grain was in the same order with the single crystalline,laying between single crystalline with rough surface and polished surface.It is concluded that the mechanical performances of columnar and single crystal CuAlBe are basically the same.


The results of analysis of autonomous public health care ((Republican Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan» in 2010-2014 years, Isolated and studied three stages of development of the hospital during this period, the key of which was largely determined by its further development and improvement, was the implementation of modernization program.