Knowledge representation is one of the key technologies in the Chinese character (CC) intelligent formation system. The mechanism of human cognition of CC in term of perception and memory in cognitive psychology was expounded, the formal representation of CC was built, and the representation of CC knowledge with semantic network was proposed. 6763 CCs in the National standard GB2312-80 set are taken as the experimental subject, through the analysis of hierarchical structures and basic elements of each CC to construct the semantic network, the platform of CC intelligent formation system was developed.


This essay explores what it means for Christians to honor the Prophet Muhammad in the midst of public insults to Muhammad and Muslims. How might Muhammad be our neighbor, whom we are called to love, rather than our archenemy? The author outlines the complex roles and images of Muhammad as a paradigmatic figure for Muslim life, as well as the theological issues that surround the concept of prophecy in Islam and Christianity. He argues that we need to listen for and relate to the Muhammad carried by Muslim neighbors, in order to discern the multiple ways of Islam and to accept the challenge of mutual witness to God's ways in the world.


Cost minimisation is one of the key challenges faced by logistic industries across the world. As the number of customers increases, it becomes absolutely essential to make maximum utilisation of the existing resources to ensure quality customer service. The huge amount of data available with the firm under study is analysed using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and turned into valuable insights that could be used by management in taking right informed decision. The results show that about half of the transporters have efficiency value less than the average, indicating a huge scope for improvement. Related suggestions for efficiency improvement using DEA slack results are also presented. The decision making units (DMU) that are considered are the individual trucks. The findings of the study provide useful insights to the management in decision making at all the three levels, viz. operational, tactical and strategic.


The original host for the aphid is believed to be Norway spruce. In Europe co-evolution between the host and the insect has developed into a stable balance, where Norway spruce is not showing serious symptoms of needle loss. For the introduced N-American Picea sitchensis, glauca, and pungens, the aphid is causing severe needle loss after mild winters in NW-Europe. In the mild climate here, the aphid develops a very effective asexual reproduction which exploits the mild early spring for vigorous reproduction (Bejer-Petersen, 1962). In contrast, sexual reproduction is occurring in continental parts of Europe (Kloft et al. 1964, von Scheller, 1963) where wintering eggs are able to resist severe winter frost prevailing here. Genetic diversity in the aphid populations is detected with RAPD-markers in NWEurope (Sigurdsson et al. 1998 personal communication).


We introduce an orientation-preserving landmark-based distance for continuous curves, which can be viewed as an alternative to the Fr$\rm\acute{e}$chet or Dynamic Time Warping distances. This measure retains many of the properties of those measures, and we prove some relations, but can be interpreted as a Euclidean distance in a particular vector space. Hence it is significantly easier to use, faster for general nearest neighbor queries, and allows easier access to classification results than those measures. It is based on the $signed$ distance function to the curves or other objects from a fixed set of landmark points. We also prove new stability properties with respect to the choice of landmark points, and along the way introduce a concept called signed local feature size (slfs) which parameterizes these notions. Slfs explains the complexity of shapes such as non-closed curves where the notion of local orientation is in dispute -- but is more general than the well-known concept of (unsigned) local feature size, and is for instance infinite for closed simple curves. Altogether, this work provides a novel, simple, and powerful method for oriented shape similarity and analysis.


Giving L-tryptophan (L-TP) to rats pretreated with the monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor tranylcypromine causes behavioural changes including hyperactivity, reciprocal forepaw treading, head weaving, Straub tail and hind limb abduction which depend on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) synthesis as they are prevented by tryptophan hydroxylase inhibition (Grahame-Smith, 1971). As brain tryptamine also increases when L-TP is given after MAO inhibition (Saavedra & Axelrod, 1973; Marsden & Curzon, 1974) it could also be involved and its role was therefore investigated. In experiment 1 (Table 1) the increase of locomotor activity after tranylcypromine was greatly enhanced by L-TP, 50 mg/kg (+94% v. tranylcypromine alone). Addition of tryptamine (0.75 mg/kg) increased this further (+30% v. tranylcypromine + L-TP) but increased the behaviour score more strikingly (+ 76%). Brain 5-HT and tryptamine rose after L-TP (+56%, +64% respectively v. tranylcypromine alone) and tryptamine rose further when it was also given (+128% v. tranylcypromine + L-TP). These results suggest that the tryptamine changes after giving tranylcypromine + L-TP are sufficient to influence behaviour. This is also supported by experiment 2 (Table 1) in which increasing the L-TP dose to 100 mg/kg increased locomotor activity slightly (+21% v. tranylcypromine + L-TP, 50 mg/kg) but the behavioural score considerably (+ 159%) in association with slight (+23%) and considerable (+ 107%) rises of brain 5-HT and tryptamine respectively. Therefore, increased brain tryptamine on given LTP after tranylcypromine may alter behaviour. However, this effect of tryptamine requires 5-HT as in confirmation of Foldes and Costa (1975) we find the behavioural effects of tranylcypromine (20 mg/kg) + tryptamine (1 mg/kg) are partly prevented by the tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor p-chlorophenylalanine (3 x 100 mg/kg).


Several thousands of 1st Gen IR Systems operated by Integral Stirling Cooler HD1033 are still in service worldwide. Replacing the HD 1033 Stirling by a Linear Drive Cooler will result in a significant reliability enhancement of these IR system of about a factor of three. These attempts had been unsuccessful in the past due to excessive EMI noise induced by the linear cooler compressor. So a main goal for such a development is the elimination of various EMI distortions in the IR system by EMI filtering and shielding. Additionally, the synchronization of the cooler power to the predominant scanning frequency of the IR system significantly improves the image quality. Technical details of the solution, MTTF data and performance data are described in detail.


Cell Biology
Biologists have long recognized that cells exist in a large range of sizes. Cell size is also flexible: Cells can differentiate into another cell type with a very different size. External factors can also influence cell size, but the consistent size of a given cell type shows that cells


Global supply chains are growing rapidly, and the ability to manage cross border logistics operations has become a necessity to maintain a competitive advantage in a dynamic environment. This research addresses current gaps in the literature by investigating the buyer–supplier integration dynamics in a global context with a focus on the antecedents and outcomes involved in the process. Empirical data from 320 U.S. based manufacturing companies that source from overseas was collected and used to test the framework. In addition to providing empirical evidence for the importance of orientation on collaboration, operational coordination, and integration this research explains how manufacturing companies can enhance the flexibility of their global suppliers and how that impact their logistics as well as overall firm performance. Managerial and research implications are provided as well as areas for future research.


. This paper reports on a one-year investigation carried out in Cystoseira-dominated littoral pools from the west coast of Italy.

The seasonal occurrence of the algae and their reproductive characteristics are described. The importance of environmental factors and recruitment processes in determining algal distribution and abundance are also discussed.

Summary

Algal seasonality and reproductive phenology was studied in Cystoseira-dominated tidepools from July 1989 to July 1990. Algae were collected monthly, sorted to species, and checked for reproductive structures. The data were analyzed by means of multivariate techniques (PCA and cluster analysis).

Seasonal fluctuations were more evident for annual and ephemeral algae, with peaks in abundance during the summer, while perennial algae showed a slight decline in winter because of storms. Among the 66 taxa recorded, 26 algae were found to be fertile at least once during the study year. These species showed a considerable variation in the seasonal periodicity of reproduction.

We suggest that the seasonal patterns of the assemblage were mainly regulated by physical factors, because herbivores were virtually absent in the investigated pools. Moreover, the periodicity of algal reproduction could also have an effect. Since the pool of propagules available to colonize newly disturbed areas changes through time according to the reproductive phenology of the algae and varies so widely, early successional sequences may be governed by the disturbance regime and propagule availability.


By applying the method of concentrated parameters,the torsional vibration model of swinging movable teeth transmission mechanism was established and the dynamics differential equation of the transmission mechanism was put forward.Based on this model,considering the structural parameters that affect the dynamic per formance,taking the least acceleration of the vibration angle of the swinging movable teeth as the target function and by the use of Matlab software the dynamic optimization design on the swinging movable teeth transmission mechanism was carried out.The result of design possesses certain significance for raising the transmission effect and the designing quality of swinging movable teeth transmission mechanism.


Introduced the functional feature of ISD2500 series recording/playing audio chips,and the working principle of fully automatic audio introduction machine designed by using ISD2500 series chips and TX05D infrared reflex switch.


This is the sixth compilation of Microlepidoptera collected in The Netherlands, covering the year 1992. Two species are recently recorded for the first time from The Netherlands by the Dutch Plant Protection Service, Wageningen: Olethreutes arbutella (Tortricidae) and Duponchelia fovealis (Pyralidae). The adults, and male and female genitalia are figured. Differences in the external characters, and male and female genitalia of the following species are discussed: Teleiodes proximella, T. saltuum and T. wagae (Gelechiidae) and Acleris cristana, A. hastiana and A. scabrana (Tortricidae). In the authors experience A. scabrana can be distinguished morphologically from A. hastiana in the edging of the basal area by a regular and bent row of small scale tufts.


This paper studies two different kinds of arithmetic used in the speech recognition: the Dynamic Time Warping and the Hidden Markov Model.Making use of constraints imposed by the models,the test platform of isolated-word speech recognition using DTW and HMM have been carried out.


Aiming at a micro-analytic in-depth study of daily-life stress and coping and their effects on well-being, a new self-monitoring method combining event-based (stress episodes) and hourly time-based recordings (state monitoring of well-being indicators) has been developed and implemented on a palmtop computer. The study presents results of the first measures of a longitudinal design. N = 30 young adults entering the work force (nurses, cooks, electronic technicians, salesmen and bank clerks) are analyzed in this self-monitoring study, which includes training session, 15-day self-observation, and post-monitoring session. Subjects show good acceptance and compliance, and validity and reliability of the data are satisfying. Results reveal the stressful episodes recorded (compared to a student reference group) as less frequent but more "stressful", the emotional stress reactions of the subjects as more anxious and angry. Coping behaviors evaluated through the behavior-rules approach (Reicherts, 1999) are rather functional. Agglutination of individual time series parameters reveals a marked, immediate impact of the stressful events on well-being indicators (e.g. mood, physical tension). Adequate coping has positive short-term effects in attenuating the stress impact on well-being and facilitates long-term adaptation (positive changes and well-being). Differences between occupational and non-occupational stress episodes are analyzed, and indications to enhance adequate coping of young adults are presented.


Objective To evaluate the treatment effects of the olecranon comminuted fracture by the angle stability prin-ciple combined with support under the articular surface. Methods From November 2008 to June 2012, 13 patients (7 male and 6 female, aged from 20 to 77 years) suffered from olecranon comminuted fracture were treated with Synthes anatomy locking com-pression plate and screws combined with Kirschner wires supporting under the articular surface through the posterior median ap-proach. Fractures occurred in the left elbow in 9 and in the right elbow in 4. According to the Mayo classification, 11 cases were classified as Mayo type IIB and 2 as IIIB. According to the Schatzker-Schmeling classification, 2 fractures were type A2, 9 type C, and 2 type D. One patient with type C fracture also had type I coronoid fracture according to Regan and Morrey classification. The Mayo elbow performance index (MEPI) and the shortened disabilities of the arm shoulder and hand (Quick-DASH) were employed to evaluate the functions. All patients took the satisfaction survey and X-ray during the follow-up. Results All patients were fol-lowed-up for 8 to 41 months. The mean ROM of the elbow joint was 112° (range, 65°-140° ), and the mean rotation angle of the forearm was 170° (range, 150°-180°). The mean score for the MEPI was 96 (range, 85-100), excellent 12, good 1. The mean score for the Quick-DASH was 6.2 (range, 0-16.7). In the satisfaction survey, 8 patients were very satisfied, 4 satisfied, 1 common level. All patients took the X-ray during the follow-up and all of them had achieved fracture union completely with the mean time period as 12.7 weeks (range, 11-24 weeks). No cubitus varus, valgus, and instability were found in all patients. No complication, such as infection, ulnar nerve injuries and etc. was found. Five patients complained about mild discomfort caused by internal fixation at 3 months after surgery. Three of them were diagnosed as joint stiffness because of ROM within 100° . One case in 3 elbow stiffness patients developed osteoarthritis after eight months, but no pain during joint activity. Internal fixation was removed in one case;an-other young patient took the operation for removal of internal fixation and release of medial ligament;the third patient refused oper-ation. Conclusion Angle stability principle (Synthes anatomy locking compression plate and screws) combined with supporting under the articular surface (Kirschner wires) can achieve stable fixation in treating olecranon comminuted fracture. It may realize the early exercise of the elbow joint with excellent clinical results. Therefore, it may be an optional choice in clinical practice.

Key words:
Olecranon process Fractures; bone Fractures; comminuted Fracture fixation


A simple quasiclassical statistical model for the description of electrons on a liquid-helium surface in an external electric field is proposed. The model involves the electrostatic interaction energy with due regards to the medium polarization and electron interactions associated with the surface deformation. The explanation of some phenomena observed in the experiments is given. In particular, a method for numerical calculation of inhomogeneities of the charge distribution in an external electric field is introduced. The obtained results can be used to explain the peculiarities of the electron distribution function measured in experiments.


Copyrights © 2013 The Korean Society of Radiology Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the factors that affect graft patency in brachioaxillary graft arteriovenous fistula patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 33 patients (20 men, 13 women; mean age, 67.5 years; mean interval to first stenosis, 17 months), who had performed percutaneous angioplasty for first episode of stenosis after brachioaxillary graft surgery. We evaluated the relevant factors affecting the graft patency after first episode of stenosis, such as age, sex, underlying disease (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular attack), anastomotic angle between graft and axillary vein, and anastomotic angle between the graft and brachial artery. Kaplan-Meier method and log rank test and receiver operating characteristics curve analysis were used in statistical analysis. Results: Graft patency rates after 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months were 75.8%, 39.4%, and 9.1%. There was a correlation between graft-axillary vein anastomotic angle and patency rates (r = 0.372, p = 0.033); larger the venous anastomotic angle, the longer patency rate. However, it does not come up with significant results in patency rates on age, sex, underlying disease, and graft-brachial artery angle. Conclusion: In patients with brachioaxillary graft arteriovenous fistula, as venous anastomotic angle more obtuse, the graft patency may be longer. Index terms Arteriovenous Fistula Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty Vascular Patency Thrombectomy Surgical Anastomosis The Impact of Anastomotic Angle for Re-Occlusion of Brachioaxillary Graft Arteriovenous Fistula after Percutaneous Thromboaspiration 위팔동맥-겨드랑정맥 인조혈관 동정맥루의 폐색시 경피적 혈전흡입술 후 문합각이 재협착에 미치는 영향


The concept of intelligent furniture is brought forth. Its contents and characteristics as well as its component are analyzed. The significant of developing intelligent furniture in China is pointed out.


Section 151 of Insurance Act 1996 is enacted among other to resolve the issue of information obtained by agent while filling in proposal from on behalf of the insured.This issue is of great consequence since failure of the proposer to disclose material fact in the proposal form would enable the insurer to avoid the policy all together.However, the current trend or practices of insurer in inserting the basis of contract clause at the end of proposal forms has made the application of Section 151 with regard to insured duty of disclosure obsolete.This clause converts all the answers in the proposal form into warranties.All questions poses in the proposal form automatically become material facts even though some may in actual fact be immaterial.The effect of such clause is twofold.On one hand it helps to eliminate the necessity of considering whether such information is material or not, and whether there is disclosure of that material facts.On the other hand, the clause also seems to remove the responsibility of the insurer or agent to make sure that all material information had been obtained and recorded properly.By virtue of this clause, even if the proposer (insured) provides correct information but the insurer or agent mistakenly, negligently or purposely writes something else in the proposal form, the insurer is entitled to avoid the policy on the ground of non disclosure of material facts.This article explores the co-relations between law, ethics and practice in the insurance industry since the doctrine of ubberimae fidei set a contract of insurance apart from other types of commercial contracts.Thus, although it is a profit motivated industry, the insurer should not have a carte-blanche authority to include unfair terms which may result in the insured being denied compensation.


The chain transfer to monomer reactions promoted by primary and secondary growing chains in the propene polymerization promoted by ansa-zirconocenes and postmetallocene precursors are studied by using DFT methods. From the theoretical results it comes out that the prevalence of propene insertion over β-hydrogen transfer to the monomer decreases drastically in the presence of a secondary chain. Furthermore, we explained the reason why C 2 -symmetric metallocene catalysts promote the selective formation of cis but-2-enyls end group after a 2,1 inserted unit whereas for octahedral bis(phenoxy-imine)titanium-based catalysts, chain release promotes exclusively the formation of allyl terminated chain end. These results might be useful to design ligand precursors able to obtain not only high M n PP polymers but also tuned chain end groups to build new polymer architectures. Overall, a more general picture of the enantioselectivity of the chain transfer to monomer processes is reported.


Many threshold metrics in the well intervention industry's standard operating procedures (SOP) require monitoring and tracking of difficult-to-sensor operational components. Gathering this important job data is challenging due to the cost and/or availability of technology. This paper will outline how manually tracked parameters can be applied to complex equations inside derived channels and used to make real- time decisions.
 Traditionally important variables such as return rate, density, and viscosity are tracked and documented manually. These metrics are needed to calculate thresholds such as annular velocity, Reynolds number, and bottoms-up time to surface, all of which are required to ensure debris is effectively transported to the surface during coiled tubing operations. Using the previously mentioned derived metrics in a live platform, users can set up warnings and alarms to make real-time decisions. This methodology enables the user to easily capture manually tracked variables in a singular job data set for post-job evaluation.
 Because the industry has traditionally relied on handwritten and manually tracked data, the acceptance of digitally calculated results based on manual inputs has become commonplace. What was once minutes of calculation time to obtain a snapshot view of job-specific variables is now instantly available and tracked throughout the job so that time-sensitive decisions can be made using snapshots and tracked deviations from the SOP thresholds. Readily available information enhances overall job performance. Real-time availability of job metrics to the equipment operator and remote engineering support makes completions
 cleaner, reduces stuck instances and non-productive time (NPT), optimizes chemical usage, and maintains rate of penetration (ROP).
 True identification of annular velocity in singular and multi-sized casings, measurement of turbulent flow, and fluid balance status determine the ability to remove cuttings from a wellbore, which reduces the overall job time and the production testing costs post-intervention. Job performance metrics can be set and analyzed during operations. Any changes to the project scope can be assessed onsite or remotely to ensure acceptable deviations will not negatively impact the project outcome.
 In previous years, technical papers have outlined how to optimize coiled tubing drillout efficiencies using SOPs, complex equations, and thresholds regarding fluid metrics, circulation times, differential pressures, and annular velocities. Still, these papers included manually tracked channels to document metrics for specific projects. Using the previously mentioned methods, manually tracked channels will display trends in complex equations, resulting in an improvement of the quality of data in a real-time platform and overall operational enhancement.


5-(4-aminophenyl)-2-thiol-1,3,4-oxadiazole 1 was synthesized via the reaction of carbon disulfide with 4-aminobenzoyl hydrazide in presence of potassium hydroxide in absolute ethanol. Compound 1 was converted to the corresponding diazonium salt which was introduced in coupling reaction with alkaline solution of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde as coupling reagent to give azo-oxadiazole derivative 2 containing aldehyde group. The resulting aldehyde 2 was then introduced in condensation reactions with the primary aromatic amines including (4-bromoaniline, 4-chloroaniline, 2,4-dichloroaniline, 4-nitroaniline, 3-nitroaniline, 4-methoxyaniline, 2methoxyaniline and 4-hydroxyaniline) using microwave irradiation technique in absolute ethanol to produce eightazoimine derivatives of 1,3,4-oxadiazole 3a-h, respectively. Treatment of the resulting imines 3a-h with both maleic and succinic anhydrides under (2+5) cycloaddition conditions using microwave irradiation in dry benzene afforded sixteen new oxadiazoles4a-h and 5a-h substituted with 1,3-oxazepine and 1,3-oxazepane moieties, respectively. Preliminary in vitro antibacterial activity of the target compounds were investigated usingtwo types of bacteria, Staphylococcusaureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative). The results indicated that the newly synthesizedoxadiazoles (compounds 4aand 5h)exhibited equipotent activities to gentamycin against Grampositive bacteria. On the other hand, just one compound (compound 5f) showed better activityagainst Gram-negative bacteriawhen compared with that of the control drug (Gentamycin).


Wearable human motion monitoringhas become an integral part of the paradigm shift that is on the horizon in the field of healthcare for a wide variety of biomedical applications. In recent years, there has been incessant advancement in smart wearable technology capable of human motion monitoring ranging from strain sensors to piezoelectrics. This paper proposes to fabricate a Triboelectric Nanogenerator based on Vertical Contact Separation (VCS) mode with design characteristics offlexibility, low cost, simple and easy to fabricate design for real - time monitoring of human body movements. The output performance of fabricated VCS - TENG is analysed by finger tapping. In order to conduct human motion monitoring, VCS - TENG is affixed on different body parts, and the corresponding signal is analysed. The developed prototype can be further integrated with advanced electronics to deliver promising technology in the field of healthcare diagnostics and monitoring.


An artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) applied in millimeter wave on chip antenna design based on a standard 0.18 μm CMOS technology is studied. The AMC consisting of two-dimensional periodic dogbone shape elements is constructed at one metal layer of the CMOS structure. After its performance has been completely investigated, it has been used in an on chip dipole antenna design as an artificial background to enhance efficiency of the dipole antenna. The result shows that 0.72 dB gain has been achieved at 75 GHz when the AMC is constructed by a 4*6 dogbone array.


Considering the amount of work which has been done on the general development of the human eye, the growth of this structure has received comparatively little attention. Occasional remarks on the relative size of the eyeball in the fetus and the child are encountered in some of the anatomic literature of the eighteenth century, but the first extensive quantitative work on the subject seems to be that of Krause(24) who, in 1832, published a set of measurements of the eye of the newborn. A little later, Huschke(41) included a few weights of the eyeball of the newborn and child in his edition of Sommerring's anatomy of the sense organs and, in 1850, Engle( 14) presented a table which contained some observations on the length of the optical axis and the diameters of the globe in children and adolescents. In 1861, von Jaeger (21) published a summary of a large series of measurements of the diameters of the eye of infants under one month of age and compared them with similar measurements in the adult. Little more was written on the subject f o r the next thirty years until the appearance of a careful quantitative study of the newborn eye by Merkel and Orr(26). Some five years later, Weiss(45, 46) published a series of papers which form our most complete study of the postnatal growth of the eye. He measured the major diameters, and weighed and determined the volume of the eyeballs of a series of twentyfive cases ranging in age from birth to fifteen years. He


The size and composition of the illicit firearm market in Australia, and the methods by which firearms are trafficked, have been the subject of conjecture. This conjecture is born from the complexity of illicit firearm markets in general (Pierce et al. 2004), as well as limited open-source information on firearm supply networks. This report follows earlier, briefer studies of firearm trafficking (Alpers & Twyford 2003; Kerlatec 2007; Mouzos 1999) and was designed to describe more fully the characteristics of the illicit firearms market in Australia and its association with serious and organised crime groups (SOCG).


There has always been great concern over water and its availability in the Southwest. As energy interests develop further in the area, transfers from present agricultural users likely will become mandatory if demands are to be satisfied. The potential impacts on the agricultural sector from reduced water availability is the focus of this study. The methodology employed looks at potential changes in cropped acreage, farm production, on-farm jobs and income, and irrigation practices that might be expected if transfers of water from agriculture to the energy sector were to occur. Further, direct agricultural losses resulting from reduced water supplies are used to compute decreases in regional economic activity. The value of water to agriculture, and hence one measure of its transfer price, is assessed against the backdrop of these regional impacts. The value of water in agriculture, for the Study Area as a whole, is relatively low in contrast to its value in the energy sector. It would appear that given a market for water rights in the Four Corners Study Area, transfers will occur with both parties benefiting: the farmers because they likely will receive higher prices for their water than its value may warrant; and the utilities becausemore » they will acquire water at a price below its opportunity cost or value to them. (ERB)« less


Small heat‐shock proteins (sHSPs) are a widely conserved family of molecular chaperones, all containing a conserved α‐crystallin domain flanked by variable N‐ and C‐terminal tails. We report that IbpA and IbpB, the sHSPs of Escherichia coli, are substrates for the AAA+ Lon protease. This ATP‐fueled enzyme degraded purified IbpA substantially more slowly than purified IbpB, and we demonstrate that this disparity is a consequence of differences in maximal Lon degradation rates and not in substrate affinity. Interestingly, however, IbpB stimulated Lon degradation of IbpA both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, although the variable N‐ and C‐terminal tails of the Ibps were dispensable for proteolytic recognition, these tails contain critical determinants that control the maximal rate of Lon degradation. Finally, we show that E. coli Lon degrades variants of human α‐crystallin, indicating that Lon recognizes conserved determinants in the folded α‐crystallin domain itself. These results suggest a novel mode for Lon substrate recognition and provide a highly suggestive link between the degradation and sHSP branches of the protein quality‐control network.


In recent years, conventional techniques of marking on some parts of different work pieces, as well as on packages with color printing are increasingly being displaced by laser color marking. Colored marking of stainless steel could be realized by the process annealing. The advantages offered by the new technology are in greater accuracy, speed, flexibility and high amount of recorded information per unit area (bar and matrix codes). In the report are discussed and analyzed the factors influencing on the specific to the process of laser color marking at the products of CrNi steel.  The study was conducted using a commercially available industrial pulsed fiber laser. Presents the results of the measurements and analysis of the influence of laser process parameters on the color contrasting obtained. In this case, the relevant parameter, the field of high frequencies and low pulse energy were examined. The present thesis describes studies a properties of the laser radiation, such as, pulse width, average power, the intensity and beam diameter.


The article is focused on finding out the consequences of legislative reforms in the investigated sphere and reviewing the problematic issues of prosecution for violations of the procedure for the implementation of operations with scrap metal. The composition of the criminal offense provided in Article 213 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine was investigated, and significant limitations of the current version of the aforecited article were identified. The problem of inconsistency of criminal and economic legislation in this area has been highlighted. The article examines the economic and legal parameters of legal transactions with scrap metal. Also, the article draws attention to the fact that the distinctive feature of Article 213 of the Criminal Code is a referential nature of the disposition since the very procedure for the execution of scrap transactions is regulated by some normative legal acts of economic legislation. The judicial practice of prosecution for violation of the procedure for carrying out operations with scrap metal has been investigated, and ways of modernization and improvement of the current legislation in the investigated sphere have been suggested. The article is examining the practice of imposing punishment for violation of the order of operations with scrap metal. The author has proved that in the vast majority of cases, the consequences of the investigated crime are expressed in the form of law abuse by law enforcement agencies, corruption components, and unlawful (non-law-based/not based on law) sentencing. The article concluded that the legislator has to revise and change the approach to criminal liability for violations of the operation of scrap metal transactions given the current trends of deregulation policy in the field of economic activity, and courts must ensure compliance with the general principles of criminal proceedings and adopt legitimate, substantiated and motivated verdicts. Conclusions and recommendations are based on the study of normative legal acts and the analysis of judicial practice in this area.


Construction of harmonious campus is a must for development of universities. Related standards include harmonious development target,work pace,interpersonal relations,working mechanism,environmental atmosphere,leading rules etc. Harmonious campus building requires that administrative departments should play important roles in their own work.


The changing law of N element during the process of VIM refining Ni base superalloy by using CaO crucible and the influence of aluminium to denitrogenation are studied .The influence factors and principles on denitrogenation are preliminary discussed.


The transmission interface power flow control is an important defensive means in power grid. In this paper, the study of the N-1 static security criteria for transmission power flow has been carried out based on the DC power flow. The analysis shows that interface power flow is linearly combination of the injected power at buses. The relationship between the interface power flow and the N-1 constrianed tie-line flow has been studied by LODF (line outage distribution factor) and the analyses indicate that this relationship varies with the mode change of generators and loads and the assessment principle for the rationality of the interface power flow control is based on the ratio range of the interface power flow under different operating patterns to the N-1 constrained tie-line flow. Case studies aiming at the interface power flow control in practical power system show that the interface power control is going to conservative. Given reliable real-time data, adopting the post-line-outage power flow data during monitoring and control can dramatically increased the N-1 constrained interface transfer capability. And it also presents a great significance in improving the transfer capability of interconnected power systems.


The utility model relates to a first-drainage post-preloading grouting stiff-core cement mixing pile which comprises vertical drainage grouting pipes arranged inside a cement mixing pile and at least two double layer telescopic horizontal drainage grouting pipe arranged on the vertical drainage grouting pipes in an interval mode, wherein discrete material stiff-core piles are arranged inside the cement mixing pile, and length of outer layer horizontal drainage grouting pipes is smaller than that of inner layer horizontal drainage grouting pipes when the horizontal drainage grouting pipes are in a stretching state. In the construction process, steel sinking pipes are vibrated and pulled upwards, the horizontal drainage grouting pipes are stretched after broken away from the steel sinking pipes, so that transverse drainage bodies are formed. According to the first-drainage post-preloading grouting stiff-core cement mixing pile, on one hand, load-carrying property of the cement mixing pile is improved and processing depth of the cement mixing pile is enlarged, and on the other hand, dynamic reinforcing of foundations according to construction period and sedimentation requirement under the premise of low construction cost is achieved.


The invention discloses an air pump floating lamp for a pearl culture water region. The air pump floating lamp comprises a transparent lamp cover, a light source and a power supply device, wherein the power supply device comprises a solar cell panel and a storage battery; a hollow floating barrel which is partially sunk into water is arranged below the transparent lamp cover; the hollow floating barrel is internally provided with an air pump; one end of the air pump is connected with an air conveying pipe; the air conveying pipe is connected with bubble stones in the water; the air pump, the storage battery and the solar cell panel are connected in series; the transparent lamp cover is provided with an air inlet; a pearl culture box is hung on the air conveying pipe. The air pump floating lamp for the pearl culture water region has the following advantages that solar energy is converted into electric energy by the solar cell panel and the electric energy is stored in the integrally-arranged storage battery; the storage battery supplies power to the air pump so that air is continuously conveyed to the underwater bubble stones through the air conveying pipe by the air pump and the air compressed by the air pump is converted into smaller bubbles; dissolved oxygen in the water is improved to the greatest extent and is used for reducing eutrophication pollution so that the air pump floating lamp is green, environment-friendly and pollution-free.


In order to optimize assignment and logical allocation,a method for solving allocation decision of missiles during war was introdaced.Based on queuing theory,the missiles requirement of Ground-to-Air Missiles were accounted.The transportation expense coefficients were worked out,in consideration of time,safety and expenses.Associated with beeline optimal Dinjinstra arithmetic,the models of allocation decision of Ground-to-Air missile during wartime were set up.Moreover,an example was presented.The results showed that the model is correct,and the problems of fire units missiles requirement and the allocation decision of missiles supply can be well solved.This method also can be used as reference to solve the problems of other material supplies during wartime.


This article tries to reveal the analysis of cultural and educational value on the traditions of Khatam Quran children at village Balai Gurah Agam district of West Sumatra. In addition this paper also reveals the meaning of the tradition for the Balai Gurah community . The observation, in-depth interviews and the review of date secondary.. The results of this study found that the tradition of Khatam Quran in villages of Balai Gurah is one of the traditions that express the religious culture of Minangkabau society. For the people of Balai Gurah, tradition Khatam Quran is an initiation process in children and a form of gratitude for the intelligence of children in reading the Quran. Tradition Khatam Quran also has significance awareness in social relationships between people, especially in building unity and mutual assistance among relatives and the community. Tradition Khatam Quran also have the meaning of economic, religius and socio-cultural for the community, In A series of Khatam Quran ceremony is gathered some traditions such as the tradition of musyawarah mufakaik , traditin of makan bajamba , tradition of Mandabiah Jawi, tradition of Talempong music , the tradition of arak-arakan and tradition manyumbang. All that has the meanings.


Further Education (FE) is under-researched and not well understood, but subcontracted FE is virtually invisible, despite being a significant part of the sector: subcontracting accounted for around £800m, or 8% of the national FE spend, in 2016/17. This study gives voice to managers inside a subcontracted private provider, a near-silent part of the turbulent FE sector.

In the early 1990's, Kirsten established Midvotech, a private Further Education provider subcontracted to a local college. Years later, Midvotech was part of a thriving group of businesses; Kirsten was MD and I was leading the education provision and was generously allowed privileged access to my workplace as a research site. This is the account of the revelatory case study of Midvotech, inflected by my somewhat contradictory leader-insider-researcher status.

Data was collected between 2013 and 2017 and managers cast Midvotech as a highly contradictory, agile, and fast-paced organisation. Midvotech had high expectations of them, but they were permitted high levels of agency as managers. Both organisational agility and individuals' agency were positive manifestations of the "terrors" of neoliberal performativity, a term used by an educational theorist who exemplified a policy view of the educational landscape and was highly critical of privatisation in education, Stephen Ball.

Challenging the dominant policy view of FE, the philosophy of Alain Badiou is employed to re-explore Midvotech. Rooted in an intuition early in the research, the lens of Badiou provokes new ways of thinking Midvotech's contradictions. Governance and power relationships are illuminated by re-casting Kirsten and those around her as Badiouian subjects.

Although Midvotech is an outlier, its inclusion in FE enriches a sector best defined by the difference it incorporates. Following this argument, the contribution of the Midvotech study serves to inform a more positive potential future for FE.


To measure the dynamic deformation and slope of an object surface,this paper proposed a shearing speckle interferometry with a spatial carrier frequency generated by double-apertures.In this method,a double-aperture mask was used to generate a spatial carrier,a rotating wedge pair was utilized to adjust the shear continuously and the sinusoidal-fitting algorithm was taken to calculate the phase distribution.This paper firstly derivated the relationship between the carrier phase and the separation of double apertures and also imaging distance.Then,the experimental condition to generate adjustable lateral shear was discussed based on the ratable wedge pair.Finally,the parameter of this measuring method was analyzed.To produce a π/2 carrier frequency,it suggested that the separation of double aperture was selected as 3.8 mm when the focus length of the imaging lens and object distance were 300 mm and 80 mm,respectively.A stress release plate after centre loading was measured,and the experimental results demonstrate that this measuring system can obtain the information of deformation in real time under the capturing rate of 15 frame/s and the measurable range of displacement peak value is from 0.11 to 1.15 μm.This approach yields simple and compact optical implementation and allows a real time detection for dynamic deformation.


Abstract By integrating the interdigital structure into a conventional open-loop resonator, a compact mixed electric and magnetic coupling bandpass filter is designed and fabricated for the first time. Due to the high intensity inner coupling capacitor, which is generated by interdigital lines, not only did the size of the filter sharply decrease, but the electric field was strengthened. Therefore, by properly adjusting the ratio of electric and magnetic coupling, the transmission zeros very close to the passband is obtained readily. Based on mixed electric and magnetic coupling, a fourth-order bandpass filter with multiple transmission zeros is realized without requiring either a cross-coupled path or source-load coupling. For design purposes, the equivalent-circuit model is also derived and verified. Advantages of this filter include its miniaturized size of only 0.06λ0 × 0.045λ0, its sharp cutoff slope, as well as the tiny discrepancies between simulation and measurement.


On 1 October 1996, a new health promotion scheme for general practice was introduced. This pilot study aimed to assess the health promotion activities undertaken in a number of Nottingham Health Authority general practices since the new scheme began. Interviews were carried out at a randomly selected sample of general practices between February and July 1997. There were many examples of innovative health promotion initiatives. Wide variations in involvement of health promotion activities within and across general practices were highlighted. Minimal evaluation of health promotion activities was evident. A need for greater guidance and support was identified to help primary care teams to propose, implement and evaluate health promotion activities effectively. This may be crucial to the development of the new health promotion arrangement in general practice which, at present, is still in its infancy.


Abstract Over the last decades, air pollution has been regarded as one of the major environmental problems. Cardiovascular and respiratory diseases are among the most common illnesses arising from air pollution and dust storm. Nowadays, non-communicable diseases resulting from air pollution have affected many people around the world. In recent years, the cities of Abadan and Khorramshahr, located in the southwestern Iran have been adversely affected by air pollution and dust storm. To address the issue, this study set out to investigate the relationship between hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases and dust storms in Abadan and Khorramshahr in 2014–2016. The data was collected by the Abadan Environmental Protection Agency (Abadan EPA) office. The monitoring station is fully automated and provides hourly particulate matter (PM10) concentrations using a β-ray absorption monitor (Met One Model BAM-1020-Continuous Beta, USA). The annual PM10 mean concentrations reached 169, 187 and 201 µg/m3 in 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively. The number of people suffering from cardiovascular diseases attributed to PM10 during this period was 237, 259, and 274, respectively. The results showed that high levels of particulate matter (PM) in the air drastically increased the number of people with cardiovascular diseases. The results also revealed that there was a significant relationship between concentrations of PM10 in dusty days and the cases of cardiovascular diseases in Abadan and Khorramshahr. According to the results of the study, an increase in the exposure concentrations of particulate matter could potentially cause different health problems.


The Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion in Japan (HERP; 2000, 2001) evaluated the long-term probability of the large earthquake occurrence on the Suzuka-toen fault zone and on the Yoro-Kuwana-Yokkaichi fault zone. According to the reports, in the case of the Suzuka-toen fault zone, the large earthquake of M7.5 will occur but the probability cannot be evaluated. In the case of the Yoro-Kuwana-Yokkaichi fault zone, the large earthquake of M8 will occur and the probability of the earthquake occurrence in 30 years is from 0 % to 0.6 %, which is slightly higher probabilities compared to those of other active faults. In this study, we applied the double-difference tomography method proposed by Zhang and Thurber(2003) to the area around the Suzuka-toen fault zone and the Yoro-Kuwana-Yokkaichi fault zone to determine three dimensional (3-D) P- and S-wave velocity structures. Initial velocity structures for the inversion were those of the JMA2001 model (Ueno et al., 2002) used routinely in Japan Meteorological Agency. The grid interval was from 2 km to 5 km horizontally and 3 km vertically. We used 12,022 P arrival times, 12,292 S ones, 148,508 double differences of P ones and 150,258 those of S ones of 1428 regional earthquakes that occurred from October 1997 to July 2006, observed at 18 permanent stations. After the inversion, the RMS of travel time residuals and those of double differences was reduced from 0.225 sec. to 0.076 sec. We obtain 3-D P- and S-wave velocity structures around the target area which are more accurate and have higher resolution than previous ones, and are consistent with those by previous studies (e.g. Nakamura et al., 2003). Compared to the JMA2001 model, P-wave


For complete data of Weibull distribution parameters.Newton-Raphson algorithm and CM algorithm were used,at the same time amended CM algorithm was put forward.At the base of the outcome of stochastic simulation,differences and applicability in three algorithms was given.


Gas-chromatographic studies have shown that the strength of the weak interaction between a phenyl group in a stationary liquid and a benzene molecule in a sample alters most greatly when, among various substituents examined (e.g., Me, Et, Cl, and OMe), a methyl group—a "simple" nonpolar group—is introduced into a benzene ring in the sample.


ABSTRACT Paradoxical growth was noted in RPMI 1640 and antibiotic medium 3 in the case of 14 and 1 of 15 Candida tropicalis strains, respectively, at a caspofungin concentration of 12.5 μg/ml using minimum fungicidal concentration tests. Time-kill assays showed that against isolates killed at lower concentrations, caspofungin at a concentration of 12.5 μg/ml was only fungistatic.


Soil amelioration effects resulted from salt reduction by the three plantations of pure Robinia pseudoacacia,pure Populus liaoningensis,and mixed P.liaoningensis and R.pseudoacacia were studied in raised fields established by soil preparation engineering measures in saline-alkali soils along muddy seacoast of Northern China.Results showed that the three plantations were almost closed after 11 years.The reservation rates were 63%~72% and shade densities were 0.6~0.7.The height and DBH of the mixed plantation were higher than those of the two pure plantations.The desalination effects of the three planting patterns were observed within 70 cm of soil surface and soil nutrient deficiency was formed between 50 and 70 cm below soil surface.The mixed plantation increased soil organic matter content on the forest land.Within 100 cm of soil surface,the distribution rhythms of total N in soil profiles were similar to those of organic matter.The variation of the contents of total P in the three plantations was not significant.On the whole,the total amount of phosphorus was deficient and its efficiency was low.Factor analysis indicated that soil amelioration effects for the mixed plantations of P.liaoningensis and R.pseudoacacia were better than those of pure plantations,which could enhance the fertility status of saline-alkali soils along the muddy seacoast and might be applied in practice as a promising afforestation model.


Technical principle and process flow sheet of ammonia cycle washing desulfurization technology were described. Problems in start up or running operation of ammonia purification and influential factors of product quality were put discussed. Then their countermeasures were proposed for the ammonia purification process, which is included in waste water stripping unit,of the former Linyuan Petrochemical Company .


Translation Studies have only recently begun to be considered as an independent discipline. Many questions remain unanswered. One which has not received much attention is that connected with the teaching of translation. The aim of this essay is to suggest some ideas concerning this issue, taking first into account the qualities of the translator, his social and cultural background, etc. The essay also considers the question of reading a text well and offers some suggestions for exploitation of this subject and others in the classroom.


The article reviews the exhibition "Going Out in Style," featuring the work of the U.S. sculptor Jessi Reaves, at Herald St in London, England, in 2020.


The "Trip Generation Handbook, Second Edition: An ITE Recommended Practice" was published by the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) in June 2004. The purpose of the handbook was to "provide instruction and guidance in the proper use of data presented in Trip Generation, and to provide information on supplemental issues of importance in estimating trip generation for development sites." In 2012, ITE established an expert review panel to relook at the Handbook's Second Edition and determine the appropriate content, format and organization for the Third Edition. This paper describes the recommended revisions for Chapter 5, Pass-by, Primary and Diverted Linked Trips of the handbook. These revisions included updating definitions, graphics, tables and example problems. In addition, a greater emphasis was put on the proper use of diverted trips.


Two ammonia borane (AB or NH3 BH3 ) dehydrogenation routes, namely hydrolysis and thermolysis, have been described in the literature. The work done on design, construction and testing of a subscale AB reactor is reported herein along with a discussion on the results. In this work, an AB dehydrogenation reactor system capable of handling two grams of AB per batch was designed. Operational safety, material compatibility and manufacturability were the major design requirements. The reactor system consisted of a high pressure feeder, a cylindrical stainless steel reactor vessel, an evolved gas heat exchanger and an ammonia filter, and a hydrogen flow meter. The reactor was operated in a temperature range of 430 K to 445 K for a nominal batch reaction time of 30 minutes. Measurements of hydrogen yield rates, system storage capacity and analysis of the reaction kinetics were completed. Overall repeatability of hydrogen yields was confirmed. A few practical problems associated with byproduct formation and removal are discussed in this paper.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


Existing accounts of British efforts to achieve a nuclear non-proliferation treaty between 1964 and 1968 largely overlook the later stages of decision making within the Labour government. Scrutiny of previously classified sources reveals that a desire for entry into the European Economic Community had a much larger influence on the content and conduct of British non-proliferation policy than previously suggested. By 1967, Prime Minister Harold Wilson sought a secondary role in treaty negotiations, and left the running to the superpowers. This avoided unnecessary conflict with the countries of the Community, resentful of the Treaty's discriminatory terms, and helped to protect Britain's application to join the EEC. Although this bid was unsuccessful, ambitions for future membership continued to influence non-proliferation policy in 1968. Indeed, a desire for future entry into the EEC helps to explain why Britain became the first nuclear weapon state to ratify the Treaty.


A multimedia broadcasting system and a method for managing multimedia broadcasting channels are provided to allow a user to recognize new multiplex configuration information by using reconfiguration version information. A data frame for broadcasting is received(S51), and then reconfiguration version information included in the data frame is extracted(S52). When a change flag value of the data frame is zero, it is determined whether version information read from a memory is the same as the extracted reconfiguration version information(S53). If the read version information is not the same as the reconfiguration version information, a channel is searched(S54) and new multiplex configuration information is stored in a memory(S55).


Thalamo‐cortical relationships in the visual system of the cat were studied by the method of retrograde degeneration. Localized lesions limited to area 17 result in degeneration only in the dorsolateral geniculate body; cell changes are marked in 3 laminae (A, A1, B), mild in nucleus interlaminaris centralis and minimal in nucleus interlaminaris medialis. Lesions limited to areas 18 and 19 are followed by marked degeneration in the medial interlaminar nucleus, mild in the other laminae; in addition, the lateral part of the posterior thalamic nucleus (ventral or inferior pulvinar) is also atrophied. Following large striate lesions which marginally involved areas 18 and 19, there is also mild, localozed degeneration in the anteroventral and reticular thalamic nuclei. Whin cortical lesions are limited to the convexity of the suprasylvian gyri, degeneration is present in the lateral aspect of laminae A, A1, B and nucleus interlaminaris centralis and in the medial part of the posterior nucleus, in addition to lateral dorsal, lateral posterior and pulvinar nuclei. Lesions in the ectosylvian gyri result in slight but definite degeneration in the lateral part of lamina A of the dorsal lateral geniculate, but nothing in the posterior nucleus. The geniculate projections to areas 17, 18 and 19, to the suprasylvian and ectosylvian gyri all show a rostrocaudal organization. The geniculostriate projection is also topographically organized in a mediolateral manner.


Structures of the 'masked repeating' type seem to occur generally in κ-carrageenans from Chondrus crispus and Gigartina species and will account for the analytical variation between one sample and another. Most—possibly all—of the variation is in the 4-linked units which occur as 3,6-anhydrogalactose, 3,6-anhydrogalactose 2-sulphate, galactose 6-sulphate, and galactose 2,6-disulphate. In κ-carrageenan from G. stellata, as from C. crispus, all galactose units are believed to have the D-configuration. Samples from Chondrus were similar to each other and had a lower content of both types of 2-sulphate than those from Gigartina. The separation of a Chondrus sample into a series of subfractions which differed in the relative proportions of the various 4-linked units, suggests that κ-carrageenan might normally contain a mixture of related molecules. Evidence is given that absorption bands shown by sulphated 3,6-anhydrogalactose units in the 800–850 cm.–1 region of the infrared spectrum cannot be interpreted in the simple stereochemical terms used previously. However, many carrageenans show a band at about 805 cm.–1 which is characteristic of 3,6-anhydrogalactose sulphate and potentially useful because it is easily recognised, even in the presence of other sulphate esters. Gel formation by κ-carrageenan is enhanced by removal of 6-sulphate with conversion into 3,6-anhydrogalactose, but is much less sensitive to an excess of 2-sulphate. The variation of gel strength with polysaccharide structure provides some evidence on the molecular basis of gel formation.


ABSTRACT

The need for electrical energy has become a major requirement for humans. Various ways are done so that the electricity needs can be fulfilled, both in quantity and quality as well as the availability of electricity. One way that can be done is by optimizing the existing generation system or by empowering existing natural resources as much as possible. One of them is using the Wind Energy Permanent Magnet Generator. This generator uses the utilization of permanent magnets as electromagnetic inducers. The amount of use of permanent magnets greatly affects the output produced by both voltage, and the power produced, but on the other hand the use of magnets creates a cogging effect, namely the magnetic attraction to the permeance material (material carrying magnetic flux) which causes the rotor to be difficult to rotate. In order to obtain optimal performance, the simulation test for the design of a permanent magnet generator is done using the MagNet Infolytica Software, which uses the FEM (Finite Element Method) method to calculate or determine the characteristics of the generator made. In this study the design was carried out with variations in the size of the stator geometry, namely in the teeth section and the use of the number of poles. To find out the output results in the form of cogging stresses and torsions it is viewed in terms of teeth size and number of poles. The results of the tests are then analyzed by processing the data and looking at the graph of the resulting stress and the torque coming out of the rotor. The generator with the largest output voltage is in the design of 18 16 pole slots using 11 mm teeth of 204.65 V but the resulting cogging torque is quite large, namely 9.0676, so the optimal design is obtained from cogging torque on the use of 16 poles with 6 mm teeth, with cogging torque 6.6156 Nm and the voltage that is not much different is 196.77 V. The use of a large number of magnetic poles will increase a large voltage output, but also cause a large cogging torque, therefore to minimize cogging torque is by reducing the size of the geometry on the stator, one of them is teeth.

Keywords: Generator, Permanent Magnet, Torque, Cogging, Voltage.


This extended abstract describes essential aspects of a current application scenario which was initiated in order to investigate the applicability of research results of the RAP project in a rather real-world environment. The work on this scenario is not completed which means that reported results are rather preliminary. The project RAP (_Reasoning About Plans) (Bauer al. 1996) aims at a logic-based shell which supports the consistent modeling of planning knowledge and provides a generic module for the logic-based reasoning about plans which can be integrated into a large variety of application systems. The RAP shell, for example, enables users to graphically configure their own complex reasoning procedures and control systems based on basic reasoning services like plan generation, plan validation and verification, temporal projection, plan optimization, plan modification, symbolic plan execution, plan interpretation, etc. Our current application scenario is about an autonomous robot indoor simulation environment in an extended logistic setting. There is a building consisting of a shop with several devices for the analysis and manipulation of objects, and there are differently classified storage rooms according to different properties objects can have. The modeled robot tasks include movements, simple processing, storage, and disposal of certain objects. In order to control the activities of the robot we have built a plan execution control system as a special plan reasoning system in the RAP shell. The graphical simulation environment has been integrated as a front-end to the control system. Figure 1


The base of the quality improvement of higher education in the Russian Federation is in modern approaches to the education and upbringing of student youth. This provision also applies to physical education and sports. The modern requirements of the federal standard for the training process in the discipline "Physical Education and Sports" do not specify the means and methods of their implementation. This poses the problem for the teacher of a higher school to find accessible and effective means and methods of physical education of student youth, as well as to improve the elective environment of physical education. Purpose . Consideration and identification of distinctive features of elective disciplines in the field of physical education and sports, mechanisms for their organization and implementation at the modern stage of the development of higher education. Materials and methods . We analyzed the mandatory requirements for the implementation of educational programs of higher education, presented in the federal state educational standard of the third generation. Main results . We presented the pedagogical model of sports-oriented physical education in the organization of higher education and indicated the basic vectors of implementation of elective disciplines and the process of monitoring and accounting of student performance in elective disciplines. Conclusions . The elective environment of physical education is a set of subject-spatial, information-technological and socio-interactive conditions and opportunities created by the organization of higher education for the implementation of the student's individual educational route and its self-realization through physical education and sports. A necessary part of the process of physical training in the organization of higher education is the monitoring and accounting of student performance in elective disciplines.


This article describes the optimization of yarn twist and filament pre-draft ratio in spinning core-spun yarn with PTT filament instead of spandex. The properties of PTT core-spun fabric are also tested and studied.


This paper examines the production of local and remote knowledge about the flows of a large Italian lake (Lake Como) on the basis of a dual ethnographic engagement with lake fishermen and computer modellers. The focus is the relationship between these two ways of knowing a lake, in relation to the lake itself and the places where the knowledge is produced. I first argue that despite being seemingly located at different edges of the environmental knowledge spectrum—the local and the remote and computer-mediated—the fishermen's and scientists' knowledges emerge from similar forms of skilled engagement in their respective environments. In other words, knowledge develops in place and fisherman and scientist do not know the same place in different ways; rather they know different places in similar ways. This raises the question of what kind of places these environmental modelling labs and offices are, and how they relate to the places they talk about, which are located elsewhere. I propose here the use of Michel Foucault's concept of heterotopia to model this complex articulation of the 'here' and 'there' in environmental modelling.


A radio communication system employs a hybrid ARQ and uses a plurality of streams for transmitting and receiving radio packets. For example, the radio communication system includes: a transmitter (10) having packet generation means for generating a plurality of transmission packets from single transmission data and arranging them in a spatial direction so that the plurality of transmission packets can be simultaneously transmitted, and transmission means for subjecting each of the transmission packets arranged in the spatial direction individually to a predetermined transmission process and simultaneously transmitting them by using the corresponding streams; and a receiver (13) having decoding means for decoding the transmission data into original data from the reception packet, and retransmission control means for generating an ACK signal and a NACK signal according to the decoding result, wherein an error detection threshold value is arranged for each transmission data and when the number of errors detected by the decoding means exceeds the error detection threshold value, a NACK signal is returned.


..................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................ viii Chapter I. RESEARCH PROBLEM...........................................................................................1 II. THEORETICAL AND LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................................9 III. METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................39 IV. RESULTS ................................................................................................................62 V. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS .................................................................134 Appendix A. SURVEYS IN ENGLISH AND SPANISH ...........................................................146 B. GRAPHICS ............................................................................................................165 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................169 BIOGRAPHICAL STATEMENT.......................................................................................180


The dynamics and rewards in a higher-order model depend directly on states and actions in earlier periods. Here, the expected values of the single-period reward and of the state in the next period are affine functions of the states in the current and earlier periods. It is shown that computations in higher-order infinite-horizon models with myopic solutions are not essentially harder than in the corresponding first-order models. These results are obtained for discounted and average-reward criteria, and similar conclusions are indicated for sequential games. The results are applied to an aquaculture harvesting model and an advertising model with delayed responses.


Blood clotting is an emerging problem that seriously threatens the health of human beings such as strokes and heart attacks. For the treatment, anti-coagulants are used in which it could prevent and interrupt the process involved in the formation of blood clots. Microbial proteases have now been attracted since it is cost effective and no side effects than typical anti-coagulant agents. The protease enzymes were discovered from many microorganisms including Bacillus sp. Previous study reported that B. subtilis could produce a serine protease, known as Bacillopeptidase F with anti-coagulant activity. However, study on anti-coagulant activity of microbial protein secreted by B. subtilis after being induced with Cymbopogonflexuosus essential oil and cultured at difference pH media is still limited. In this present study, B. subtilis ATCC21332 cells were treated with a low concentration (0.01 MIC) of C. flexuosus essential oil and cultured in difference pH media (pH 6, pH 7 and pH 8) at 30°C for 72 h of fermentation. The extracellular proteins were then extracted and precipitated by using 80% of ammonium sulfate before being further identified using Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE) and tested for anti-coagulant activity. SDS-PAGE analysis exhibited a proteins profile with a band in approximate size of 30 kDa was appeared for the treated bacteria with C. flexuosus essential oil and cultivated at three difference pH of media. The extracellular proteins secreted by B. subtilis ATCC21332 after being treated with 0.01 MIC of C. flexuosus essential oil and cultivated either at pH 6 or pH 7 or pH 8 could also prevent blood clotting. However, the extracellular proteins produced by B. subtilis ATCC21332 without inducing with 0.01 MIC of C. flexuosus essential oil only exhibited anti-coagulant activity when the bacterial cells were cultured at pH 7. As a conclusion, B. subtilis ATCC21332 can be enhanced to produce anti-coagulant enzymes after being treated with low concentration of C. flexuosus essential oil and cultivated in natural pH media or even in slightly basic or slightly acidic environment. Further study should be done to purify, identify and analyze the anti-coagulant enzymes from B. subtilis ATCC21332.


CITATION: Murray, S. L., et al. 1998. Transformation of potato (cv. Late Harvest) with the potato leafroll virus coat protein gene, and molecular analysis of transgenic lines. South African Journal of Science, 94(6):263-268.


The subacute oral toxicity of 1-(4-methylpiperazinyl)-3- phenylisoquinoline (CWJ-a-5) was investigated in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Five groups of 5 males and 5 females were orally administered at doses of 0, 37.5, 75, 150 and 200 mg/kg with CWJ-a-5 for 2 weeks. In clinical signs, Salivation was observed in the 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg male and female groups. Loss of fur was observed in the 300 mg/kg male and female group. Body weight were significantly decreased in the 150 and 300 mg/kg male groups and in the 300 mg/kg female group. Food consumption was significantly decreased in the 300 mg/kg male group. In serum biochemistry, total cholesterol and phospholipid were significantly increased in 300 mg/kg male and female group. Aspartate aminotransferase was significantly increased in the 300 mg/kg female group. In histopathological examination, vacuolar degeneration of renal tubules in the kidney, vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes in the liver, vacuolar degeneration of myocytes in the heart, vacuolar degeneration of histiocytes in the spleen and thymus, atrophy of seminiferous tubule and degeneration of germinal epithelium in the testis, vacuolar degeneration of corpus luteum, granulosa cell and theca cell in the ovary were observed in the 150 and 300 mg/kg male and female groups. Based on these results, the no observed adverse effect lever (NOAEL) with CWJ-a-5 was considered to be 75 mg/kg and the absolute toxic dose was considered to be 150 mg/kg in this study


The utility model relates to a carrying tool used for throwing and fetching a logging instrument in the petroleum geology drilling engineering, which is mainly composed of an upper floating body, a lower floating body and an instrument bin. The utility model makes use of dynamic force of a drilling fluid circulation system to lead a carrying device of a logging instrument to automatically rise and fall following the variation of the pressure of drilling fluid in a drilling tool. Then, the working quality of the logging instrument can be ensured. The utility model has the advantages of simple and reliable structure, the simplification of the logging technological equipment in the prior art, the reduction of risk for drilling well, the reduction of labor strength and the improvement of work efficiency.


This paper,based on a case study on China's manufacturing industry and energy consumption data of manufacturing industry from 2005-2009,analyzes the reason for energy consumption growth,and presents the standards to choose energy-saving industries viewing from energy consumption.This paper decomposes the variance between actual energy consumption and standard energy consumption,which is regarded from industrial growth speed deviation and energy consumption intensity deviation,and according to their differences in each industry within manufacturing industry,classifies the industries and presents industrial selection and policy suggestions for China to develop energy-saving industries.


This article explores the importance of international law in debates about responsible behaviour in cyberspace – in providing a rules-based framework, in legitimising states' actions in response to...


Current dynamics fostered by globalization introduce an increasing number of actors into the international arena, particularly into sub-national or territorial governments. This phenomenon carries with it new challenges, threats and opportunities for these governments to incorporate internationalization modalities such as participation in networks, decentralized cooperation and territorial marketing among others. The aim of this paper is to characterize the internationalization processes that are being developed by a number of territorial governments, in order to obtain knowledge that could potentially be applied to other contexts. A predominantly qualitative methodology is used to analyze three territorial internationalization experiences, resorting to both primary and secondary sources of information such as interview, direct observation and document review. We therefore conclude that: a) territorial internationalization is a recent process in which the national arena continues to play an important part; b) such processes have been accepted more readily in capital cities or departments with greater institutional capacity, but in general their development in the country as a whole has been incipient; c) the most broadly developed modality is international cooperation, followed by territorial marketing, and the least widely used is insertion in networks; d) some modalities require greater levels of complexity and territorial development than others, and e) there are a number of obstacles and learnings that can be taken into account when it comes to the public management of future internationalization processes.


Recently, Kose et al (2003 Metrologia 40 146–53) proposed 'general principles that should guide any future discussions regarding the redefinition of the SI base units' and they illustrated their principles with an example of a revised SI. Part of their example (redefinition of the kelvin in terms of the triple point of hydrogen) is not consistent with their objective that all base units comply with '...the needs of economy, science and society'. An alternative revision of the SI might not define the kelvin as an independent unit.


The purpose of this investigation was to study the pattern of serum sodium and potassium in kwashiorkor and to ascertain whether it can be related to the presence or absence of oedema or diarrhoea, whether it alters with the rise of serum protein levels in response to a high-protein diet, and whether abnormalities in the electrolyte pattern are responsible for the deaths which sometimes occur in children suffering from this disorder. ' and of


Here we propose and implement a generalized mathematical model to find the time evolution of population in infectious diseases and apply the model to study the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Our model at the core is a non-local generalization of the widely used Kermack-McKendrick(KM) model where the susceptible(S) population evolves into two other categories, namely infectives(I) and removed(R). This is the well-known SIR model in which we further divide both S and I into high and low risk categories. We first formulate a set of non-local dynamical equations for the time evolution of distinct population distributions under this categorization in an attempt to describe the general scenario of infectious disease progression. We then solve the non-linear coupled differential equations-(i) numerically by the method of propagation, and (ii) a more flexible and versatile cellular automata (CA) simulation which provides a coarse-grained description of the generalized non-local model. In order to account for multiple factors such as role of spreaders before containment, we introduce a time dependent rate which appears to be essential to explain the sudden spikes before the plateau observed in many cases (for example like China). We demonstrate how this generalized approach allows us to handle the effects of (i) time-dependence of the rate-constants of spread, (ii) different population density, (iii) the age ratio, (iv) quarantine, (v) lockdown, and (vi) social distancing. Our study allows us to make certain predictions regarding the nature of spread with respect to several external parameters, treated as control variables. Analysis of the model clearly shows that due to the strong heterogeneity in the epidemic process originating from the distribution of initial infectives, the theory must be local in character but at the same time connect to a global perspective.


Material scientists have a strong interest in finding the reasons causing the diversity of material structures. Here, we show a different story in disclosing the mechanism dominating material structures. When we synthesize calcium carbonate particles at increased temperatures, we observe that the structures of the particles change with temperature. At a relatively low temperature (60 °C), dumbbell shaped particles are largely formed while straight particles are dominantly formed at a relatively high temperature (90 °C). By simulation, we find that the crystallite of aragonite is polarized after the adsorption of water molecules on its surface. The polarization is anisotropic, which makes the attachment of crystallites have different stabilities along different attaching directions. At an increased temperature, the attachment is easily destructed by Brownian motion which is dependent on temperature. Therefore, the adsorbing force provided by polarization competes with the destructive force induced by the Brownian motion. The compromise between these two competing forces dominates the stable structure of calcium carbonate particles. Hence, the compromise in competition between attractive forces and destructive forces leads to the diversity of aragonite structures, which indicates a new direction in discovering the diversity of material structures.


According to the mathematical model on αβ coordinate system of asynchronous motor, the model of AC motor is established with Matlab/Simulink software. The model consists of Simulink modules. Owing to matrix A is not invariable matrix, matrix A is divided into invariable and variable two parts, so, the system is variable system. Selected module in module library and then packaged them. Connected the modules on the basis of function relation, and composed a subsystem. Its steps are that add subsystem module in model,and then add the modules that compose a subsystem. for the sake of proving accuracy of the model, AC motor was wired in 90Vvoltage with symmetrical triphase sinewave, the output waveform accords running characteristic of the motor.


Reviews instrumentation displayed at the 1972 Physics Exhibition, under the headings electronics data analysis, optical data analysis and systems using lasers.


The resent situation of applepear's cultivated technique in Yanbian were summarized.The technique of prune,the regulation of soil,fertilizer,water,the regulation of flower and fruit, the prevent and cure of plant disease and insect pests and the harvest technique were introduced.


The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) High Performance Computing (HPC) Major Shared Resource Center (MSRC) recently reengineered the existing mass storage system serving its high-performance compute platforms. The purpose was to provide significantly improved file system availability, to refresh the technology and the architectural design, and to position the MSRC to incorporate emerging technologies such as Storage Area Networks (SANs). The resultant configuration utilizes two SUN Enterprise 10000s (E10K) with 3 TB of switched Fibre Channel Disk Arrays and the latest generation of tape devices. The theoretical peak system capacity is in excess of 2 Terabytes (TB) per day, with management of up to 1 PetaBytes (PB) of storage and an aggregate external network throughput of 220 Megabytes (MB) per second. This paper discusses the technologies and considerations used in the design of the MSRC Resilient Mass Storage Server (RMSS), its architecture, implementation and integration, deployment and transition from the existing CRAY Data Migration Facility (DMF).


112Background: Rural-urban disparities in the receipt of surgery for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been noted, but few studies have considered access to other available treatm...


The present study aims to investigate the effect of Information Communication Technology (ICT) dimensions on work force productivity. The statistical population of the study was all managers and staff members working in different areas related to ICT of Iranian National Oil Company in 2010-2011 (N> 11000). A questionnaire (with Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of 75%) was used as the data collection method. The findings of the study indicated that the dimensions of ICT affect human resource productivity.The demographic variables of education level and the type of available jobs had effects on the Internet dimension of human resource productivity of the company.


Your Business Brand Online In 2013 http://davidboozer.com Some Major Strategies To Help Build Your Brand. Your business brand online in 2013 and beyond can be enhanced through some very simple but major strategies to build that brand. Here we will go...


In order to research the dynamics performance of linear-motor metro vehicle and the suspension characteristics of linear induction motor(LIM),the classical electromagnetic mechanics model and finite element model of LIM,and the multibody dynamics model of the vehicle were established.The longitudinal and lateral end effects and air gap were taken into account in the classical model.Numerical method was adopted to solve the traction force,normal force and pitch moment of LIM.The solution results by the classical model were compared and verified by using finite element method.Simulation result shows that the classical model describes the mechanic properties of LIM and meets the requirement of dynamics simulation for metro vehicle.The dynamic performance of LIM is closely related to the change of air gap and suspension types.Different suspension types have their own advantages and disadvantages.Proper suspension type and air-gap control strategy can increase the stability of metro vehicle,reduce the wheel-rail wear and improve the curving performance of vehicle system.2 tabs,13 figs,10 refs.


How does audience evaluation relate to audience size? In practice, television viewers give series liking scores that are middling rather than high because TV series are watched irregularly by most of their viewers, and how much viewers say they like a series varies with how often they watch it. There is also a Double Jeopardy effect whereby series with small audiences are liked somewhat less by their relatively few viewers than the more popular series are liked by theirs. Also, more demanding programs tend to get slightly higher liking scores than entertainment programs after allowing for their often smaller audiences.


An electrostatic fluid acceleration and method of operation thereof includes at least two synchronously powered stages with final or rear-most electrodes of one stage maintained at Substantially the same instantaneous Voltage as the immedi ately adjacent initial or forward-most electrodes of a next stage in an airflow direction. A single power Supply or Syn chronized and phase controlled power Supplies provide high Voltage power to each of the stages such that both the phase and amplitude of the electric power applied to the correspond ing electrodes are aligned in time. The frequency and phase control allows neighboring stages to be closely spaced at a distance of from 1 to 2 times an inter-electrode distance within a stage, and, in any case, minimizing or avoiding production of a back corona current from a corona discharge electrode of one stage to an electrode of a neighboring stage. Corona discharge electrodes of neighboring stages may be horizontally aligned, complementary collector electrodes of all stages being similarly horizontally aligned between and horizontally offset from the corona discharge electrodes.


Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) is a primary myocardial disease of unknown cause characterized by left ventricular or biventricular dilatation and impaired myocardial contractility1. Depend...


Arylesterases (E.C. 184.108.40.206) play an important role in nature, which show high enantioselectivity toward chemically and pharmaceutically important compound in addition to being environmentally friendly. The docking results indicate that Tyr34, Leu98, Ile64, Met36, and Ile38 have important contributions to the substrate binding and the side chains of these residues can provide a rather vdW interaction with the substrate. The molecular dynamics calculation of the free energy by MM-PBSA method implies that the S31A and S31G mutant enzymes show more stability as compared with the wild type, which is in harmony with the kinetic experiment that the 2-fold and 2.5-fold increase in the Km for S31A and S31G enzymes. From these results, we can conjecture that mutations of Ser31 make the active site more spacious than that of arylerases', and it can lead to the enzyme active. The new structural insights obtained from this computational study are expected to stimulate further biochemical studies on the structures and mechanisms of other members of the SGNH-hydrolases.


effects: stupor, sleepiness, drunkenness". H-Iow can it, then, be a putre stimulant ? Again, he says, " No stimulant action will induce drunkenness". How theni can alcohol be a pure stim; lant? Again, he says, " Looked at in this light, niarcotism or drunikenness is the safety-valve of the drinlker". HIoNv can it be a stimulant, if " no stimulant action will induce drunlkenness"? I confess this mystifics me entirely, because, later on1, in speaking of the use of alcohol in disease, the following occurs: ''If, in disease, we -would administer a stimulant, such cannot be the remiiedy, because of its depressor action." Mr. Lucas will perhaps advanice, that he has already said that the niarcotic effects are (lue to the carbonic anhydride retained in the blood by this drug; but nevertheless, eveni if this be so, it is still due to the alcohol, anid is part of its action oni the system. Here we arrive at another point. I1-as M\r. Lucas absolutely dleterminedl the carbonic acid which he asserts to exist in the blood on these occasions ? If so, what are the figures? The most recent experiments give the proposition that alcohol enters into combilnation with the hxiemato-crystallinle of the blood corpuscles, and thus forms a new compound acting directly on the nerve-cenitres. I shall be glad of correctioni on these points; and it is also my intentioni before long to bring forward a series of experiments which are nowv in hand on the subject. S. W. Aloostu:, Physiological Laboratory, St. George's IHospital.


And the reduced-pressure carburization step (a1) to put the steel member during the carburizing gas under a reduced pressure carburization treatment, the reduced-pressure carburization steel member finishing the process (a1), by the time for the cooling process with the cooling gas, a reduced pressure lower cooling gas than atmospheric a desired portion of the reduced-pressure cooling step (a2), and the cooled steel member in a state that cooling includes a hardening step (a3) using the high-density energy. Reduced-pressure cooling step is preferably carried out at a reduced pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure of the cooling gas, stirring of the cooling gas. Reduced-pressure cooling step is preferably performed at least before which a structural transformation of the steel member due to cooling is started to the time when all the structural transformation is completed. Pressure of the cooling gas in the reduced-pressure cooling step is preferably in the range of 0.1 bar to 0.65 bar. Reduced-pressure carburization step, the reduced-pressure cooling step, the high density energy, the hardening step, the structural transformation


Romanian filmmakers who have won prizes at international film festivals in the first decade of twenty-first century belong to the same generation: that of the New Man, a paradigm brought forth by Ceausescu's communist regime. My analysis will, in the first place, discuss the documentary Nascuti la comanda. Decreteii (Children of the Decree, 2004) by Florin Iepan. In this film we will follow the traces of the two traumatisms that marked this generation: the ban of abortion through decree by the State in 1966 a moment which announces the birth of the New Man and the anti-communist Romanian revolution of December 1989, in which most of the participants and victims belonged to the generation born under the order of the Party. The new generation of Romanian filmmakers have shown through their films that this New Man is actually rethinking the past and its traumas. The question of abortion and of its consequences will be discussed in relation to the film 4 luni, 3 saptamani si 2 zile (4 months, 3 weeks and 2 days, 2007) by Cristian Mungiu and to the short Visul lui Liviu (Liviu's Dream, 2004) by Corneliu Porumboiu, while a polyphonic image of the Romanian revolution will be put into question in three films: Cum am celebrat sfarsitul lumii (How I celebrated the end of the world, 2006) by Catalin Mitulescu, Hartia va fi albastra (The paper will be blu, 2006) by Radu Muntean and A fost sau n-a fost ? (12:08 East of Bucarest, 2006) by Corneliu Porumboiu.


The study examines the feasibility of using economic incentives to induce compliance with regulation of hydrocarbon emissions from stationary sources. Both continuous compliance with regulations, on a daily or monthly basis, and significant long-term reduction of emissions are considered. A case study approach is used, with activities selected from the South Coast Air Basin of California. Nine activities are studied. For each, major stationary sources of emissions are identified and alternative methods for reducing emissions are evaluated.


The invention discloses a shaft rotation wrench, which comprises a wrench handle and a wrench head. The wrench head is in a crescent moon shape matched with the peripheral face shape of a shaft, one end of the wrench head is connected with the wrench handle, the other end of the wrench head comprises a clamp part matched with a pin hole on the peripheral face of the shaft. By means of the structure, when the wrench is used for rotating the shaft, the clamp part matched with the pin hole is inserted into the pin hole, the wrench head matched with the peripheral face shape of the shaft can be used for rotating the shaft. Simultaneously, the pin hole on the outer surface of the shaft serves as the portion bearing force, and accordingly damage on the outer surface of the shaft is avoided.


Elastic scattering of nuclei at energies typically below 10 MeV/nucleon can be used as a powerful method for studying nuclear spectroscopy. Resonances are observed in the excitation function, corresponding to unbound states in the compound nucleus. The analysis of the shape of these resonances can provide the excitation energy, the total width, the partial width, and the spin of the excited states.


While global changes in gene expression are a hallmark of heart disease, much less is known regarding the epigenetic factors driving these changes. Local chromatin packing and gene accessibility, which governs transcriptional status, has been correlated with specific post‐translational modifications (PTMs) on the histone tails of nucleosomes occupying these regions. However, the specific alterations in histone PTMs driving the conserved gene expression changes observed in heart disease and how these ultimately affect cardiac physiology are largely unknown. To identify changes in histone PTMs during disease progression, we performed label‐free quantitation of acid‐extracted proteins from mouse heart (under basal, hypertrophic, and failing conditions) and from isolated ventricular myocytes exposed to hypertrophic agonists, a cell model of cardiac hypertrophy. Protein samples were propionylated, enzymatically digested and analyzed on an Orbitrap Velos mass spectrometer and differential expression analysis was performed using MaxQuant and Perseus software. Collectively we identified 55 and 30 PTMs spanning the five histone families, from cardiac tissue and isolated myocytes, respectively, 16 of which were differentially regulated in the setting of disease. Additionally our analysis of large peptides containing multiple PTMs enabled us to determine how these modifications are regulated with respect to one another providing insights into the broader histone code. This study presents the first global characterization of histone post‐translational modifications in the heart and highlights basic mechanisms of genomic reprogramming operative in disease.


Cognitive Linguistics proposes that First Language Acquisition (L1A) involves the acquisition from language usage of constructions that map linguistic form and function. In this view, competence and performance both emerge from the dynamic system that is the frequency-tuned conspiracy of memorized exemplars of use of these constructions, with competence being the rationally integrated sum of prior usage and performance being its dynamic contextualized activation. L1A tunes the ways in which learners attend to language. This chapter gives a psychological slant on the associative learning of linguistic constructions. The first part describes the aspects of associative learning that affect usage-based L1A and L2A both: frequency, contingency, competition between multiple cues, and salience. Each of these is taken in turn, its processes are explained from within associative learning theory, and its effects are illustrated with examples from language learning. This section concludes by illustrating the combined operation of these factors in first and second language acquisition of English grammatical morphemes, a particular illustration of a broader claim that they control the acquisition of all linguistic constructions. However, usage-based Second Language Acquisition (L2A) is typically much less successful that L1A, with naturalistic or communicatively-based L2A stabilizing at end-states far short of nativelike ability. Why? What is it that limits construction learning in L2A in comparison to L1A? The second half of the chapter considers the apparent irrationalities of L2A, the