Received: September 02, 20 Revised: October 15, 20 Accepted: November 24, 20 This study aims to analyze the impact of agglomeration in the form of localization economies and urbanization economies on the productivity of manufacturing industrial companies in Indonesia. Unlike previous studies, this study will look at the effect of technology level on the relationship between productivity and agglomeration by classifying research samples into low-tech and high-tech industries. In addition, this study also improves the estimation technique by addressing the endogeneity problem that has the potential to arise in estimating the relationship between productivity and agglomeration to be overcome by using instrument variable (IV). The study was conducted in two stages of estimation using company-level panel data from 2010 to 2014. First, productivity was measured at the company level using Total Factor Productivity (TFP). Then, the company productivity is estimated together with the company and industry characteristic variables, including the agglomeration measurement variable which represents localization economies and urbanization economies. The regression results show a positive impact from localization economies and a negative impact from urbanization economies.


In this paper we illustrate the implementation of an actual MANET demonstrator, based on off-the-shelf PDA devices with IEEE 802.11b wireless connectivity, tested on real-time applications. The most critical aspect affecting performances, in our opinion, is related to create a network where connectivity among nodes is as stable as possible. We implemented an enhanced version of the AODV protocol by embedding routing policies in order to choose routes based on link stability evaluation and show the effectiveness of this approach by means of simulations. Finally we describe the demonstration phases in a mixed indoor/outdoor environment.


The synthesis of amino-acid-capped gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and their characterization using agarose gel electrophoresis are reported. The GNPs were capped with L-Arginine and L-Glutamic acids at different pH. At the physiological pH, the results obtained revealed that the interactions between L-Arginine, L-Glutamic acid, and GNPs were of the electrostatic and covalent/ coordinate types, respectively. The capped GNPs possessing free amine/carboxylic groups could play an important role in conjugating biomolecules (e.g., proteins) in various nanobiotechnological applications. In addition, if the pH of the target environment is constant, capped GNPs bound electrostatically are preferred and when variable, then amino-acid-capped GNPs bound covalently/ coordinately are recommended.


Background and objective: Millions of people worldwide have died from COVID-19, which has caused the failure of the lungs and other organs. The research assessed biochemical anomalies in COVID-19 patients to comprehend the illness and its effect better. Study Design: Retrospective longitudinal cohort analysis Place of study: ABWA Medical College Faisalabad Methods: A total of 150 adult patients (n=150) who tested positive for COVID-19 via RT-PCR were included in the study. A Roche Diagnostics Cobas C501 used spectrophotometry to measure calcium, magnesium, phosphate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), urea, creatinine, ferritin, and chloride in the blood. A NOVA electrolytic analyzer used Ion-selective electrodes to measure sodium, chloride, potassium, and bicarbonate. Results: In the study, 33.6% of patients had elevated urea levels, and 22.4% had elevated creatinine levels. Furthermore, 88.8% of patients had elevated ferritin levels, and 93.5% had elevated LDH levels. After 44 weeks, there was a drop in sodium-containing electrolytes, with 9% of patients experiencing a decrease in sodium, 22.4% in potassium, 53.3% in bicarbonate, 48.6% in calcium, and 23.4% in phosphorus. These changes in electrolyte levels suggest a long-term trend in electrolyte depletion among the patient population. There was no significant difference in biochemical anomalies between age groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that COVID-19 patients have lung illness and multi-organ involvement, which should be considered when managing these patients. These biochemical alterations warrant careful monitoring for organ failure by healthcare practitioners. More study is required to comprehend the processes causing these biochemical anomalies in COVID-19 patients. Keywords: Covid-19, Biochemical alterations, Outcomes


Objective:To explore the safety and effectiveness of surgery combined with drug therapy in treatment of endometriosis.Methods:102 patients after surgery of endometriosis were divided into three groups randomly: gestrinone combined with Cinnamom Twig Poria capsule group(44 patients),mifepristone group(31 patients) and medroxyprogesterone group(27 patients),then they were treated with different drugs.The curative effects,adverse reactions and postoperative recurrence rates in the three groups were compared after treatment.Results:The recurrence rate in gestrinone combined with Cinnamom Twig Poria capsule group was 4.5%,which was lower than those in mifepristone group(9.6%) and medroxyprogesterone group(7.4%),but there was no significant difference among the three groups(P0.05).The rates of weight gain in mifepristone group,medroxyprogesterone group and gestrinone combined with Cinnamom Twig Poria capsule group were 6.45%,18.5% and 0,respectively,there was significant difference among the three groups(P0.01).Conclusion:Western medicine combined with traditional Chinese medicine plays an important role in alleviating the clinical symptoms of patients with endometriosis,which is worthy to be popularized in clinic.


It. has been difficult to establish the basic scientific foundations of orthopaedic surgery. There is no clear-cut concept of the muscuboskeletal system as there is for the other systems, such as the kidney, stomach, intestine, and heart. The emergence of a dynamic concept of hone and muscle functioning as an organ, with metabolic, physical, and chemical potentials, has been relatively recent. The surface chemistry of bone crystals (crystallography). as well as the mineral content and ion-exchange mechanisms in the organic matrix, has ushered in a new era in our thinking. Perhaps one reason for this show progress is the inherent complexity of the subject and the many difficulties of investigation, instrumentation, and interpretation of data. The limiting factors of men, money, material, and methods constrain all of us. The joints of the body, looked on as bearing systems and functioning as an organ, have received but scanty attention. The investigation of such bearings, involving, as it does, attrition, wear, lubrication, bearing analysis, and bearing geometry, is one of the most. complex.


In educational policy development, planning, evaluation and research, quantitative data are increasingly influential in informing and legitimising new initiatives, management and governance. The concept of 'big data' also foreshadows further dramatic, and professionally challenging, trajectories and developments. Advocates of the big data movement, such as Victor Mayer-Schönberger and Kenneth Cukier (2013), suggest that recent advances in computational power mean that technical specialists can now process massive amounts of statistical data so thoroughly and so quickly that this has the potential to solve many of the most pressing social and economic problems that are to be faced in our rapidly changing world. To some extent, this is underpinned by the economic discourse, and efforts to measure and evaluate performance, that now increasingly characterise all walks of life. The impact of such trends can be seen within the field of comparative education where, for example, large-scale international surveys such as the OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) are seen to have a marked, and ever strengthening, global influence upon educational policy formulation. Ozga (2012, 19) thus argues that PISA data:


This commentary responds to Magrane's accomplished article on climate geopoetics. I first ask whether Magrane's reading could go wider to include some prominent poets who have addressed climate and lyric poetry in recent decades. I then suggest a connection between climate geopoetics and lyric philosophy, and posit the ability of poetry, through lyric's ability to forfeit the individual self and to gesture toward something common, a universal emotion or state. Finally, I suggest that Magrane unleash his words so that they might match the desperate times in which humans find themselves. This response then ends with a climate geopoetics poem of my own.


Engineering Drawing is a fundament course and plays and important role in training engineering skills and innovative ability.Contents and characteristics of Engineering Drawing experiment systems are introduced and the two systems differences are contrasted in the paper.the authors analyzed the weaknesses of the experiment system in our university and build a new innovative experiment system.The creative system will benefit to cultivate innovative talents and reform other experiment systems.


ABSTRACT India's new middle class is important in establishing a hegemonic culture and structure that legitimizes what it means to be a successful, modern Indian man or woman. This study examines the extent to which, and how, the aspirations of educated, non-cosmopolitan young people in the Garhwali hills of northern India reflect and embody these hegemonic ideals. These questions are important because these ideal constructs, largely based in the realities of elite, transnational middle-class lives, are held up to be the legitimate ones that reflect a vision of India as a modern nation. My findings draw from 38 in-depth interviews conducted with students at five colleges in the Garhwali area of Uttarakhand. The aspirations and expectations of college students in this area largely reflect, and thus reinforce and legitimize, dominant constructs of gender, class, and nation. This is the case even though the chances of obtaining a position in the transnational middle class are relatively low for young people in this area. Moreover, the particular constraints faced by female students make it especially unlikely that they will ever reach new-middle-class status. The implications of these findings are discussed.


A circuit arrangement for amplifying a differential Voltage Signal in an output signal proportional to a Voltage difference is provided, the Voltages of a signal Source that are to be compared being present at two inputs of the circuit arrangement, and a current Signal proportional to the Voltage difference being present at one output of the circuit arrangement, the circuit arrangement comprising croSS coupled transistors and the inputs being respectively con nected to the base of one of the transistors, and a croSS current of the circuit arrangement being present at the output. A compensation circuit is provided having a tem perature behavior which corresponds to the temperature behavior of croSS resistances of the circuit arrangement, the compensation circuit being associated with each of the inputs of the circuit arrangement.


Frame aggregation is a wireless link optimization mechanism that aims to reduce transmission overheads by sending multiple frames as the payload of a single MAC frame. Static assignment of frame aggregation parameters can result in delay penalties due to variations in traffic type or load levels. Another possible side effect is an increase in packet error rate in noisy environments due to large aggregated frame size. Adaptive aggregation methods have previously been proposed to deal with the above problems independently, but there is still a need for a unified adaptation algorithm that addresses both aspects in an integrated manner. In this study, a backlogged queue (BQ) aggregation approach is proposed that considers both these aspects, and also ensures inter-operability with other WLAN devices that are not capable of frame aggregation. Performance evaluation of the proposed algorithm on the ORBIT testbed shows throughput improvements of up to 56% in the presence of channel noise and 25% in scenarios with high contention over using a simple txop. An experimental case study shows improvement in FTP file transfer times of up to 11% while preserving performance for real time traffic.


For a given planar convex compact set $K$, consider a bisection $\{A,B\}$ of $K$ (i.e., $A\cup B=K$ and whose common boundary $A\cap B$ is an injective continuous curve connecting two boundary points of $K$) minimizing the corresponding maximum diameter (or maximum width) of the regions among all such bisections of $K$.
In this note we study some properties of these minimizing bisections and we provide analogous to the isodiametric (Bieberbach, 1915), the isominwidth (Pal, 1921), the reverse isodiametric (Behrend, 1937), and the reverse isominwidth (Gonzalez Merino \& Schymura, 2018) inequalities.


Exploring the dynamics of soil erosion and identifying its driving mechanisms is key to understanding soil erosion processes, particularly in karst areas. In this study, the RUSLE model, optimized on the basis of rocky desertification factors, was used to estimate soil erosion in a karst plateau gorge area in SW China. The spatial and temporal dynamics of soil erosion in the region over the past 20 years were analyzed on the basis of slope units, while the relationship between soil erosion and elevation, slope, fractional vegetation cover (FVC), karst rocky desertification (KRD), rainfall, and land use cover/change (LUCC) was identified quantitatively by the geographical detector on the basis of spatial heterogeneity. The results showed that: (1) The no erosion area decreased from 2000 to 2020, with the highest proportion of light to medium erosion and an increasing trend of soil erosion. (2) Soil erosion conversion mainly occurred between no erosion, slight erosion, and light erosion. (3) The hotspots of erosion occurred in high slope–low elevation and high slope–high elevation units, while the coldspots of erosion occurred in low slope–low elevation units. (4) Soil erosion was positively correlated with FVC and slope, and negatively correlated with KRD. (5) The dominant factor of soil erosion changed from KRD-slope to LUCC-slope and finally to elevation-slope, while the q value of rainfall-elevation had the most significant increase throughout the study period. This study will help to advance the goal of sustainable development of soil and water conservation in karst areas.


Materials and Methods Recently, NMR metabolic profiling (NMR-MP) techniques, which are useful for systematically analyzing metabolites in an organism (metabolome), have been widely used in post-genome studies and quality controls for agricultural and biotechnological products. NMR-MP is characterized as a non-target metabolome analysis. It is difficult to interpret results directly from data in non-target analysis; therefore, multivariate analyses are applied to explore characteristic information from multivariate data. This is referred to as "data-mining". It is important to choose appropriate multivariate analyses that correspond to the goal of your study. A few example analyses are dimension reduction, discrimination analysis, regression, modeling, and prediction. In this note, NMR-MP with principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) that are unsupervised multivariate analyses* are introduced.


Prominin-1 is a recently discovered pentaspan membrane protein present in characteristic cholesterol-based vesicles and associated with microvilli. These vesicles are used to deliver prominin-1 to the apical plasma membrane in a number of cell types. Previous work on uterine epithelial cells has demonstrated a loss of microvilli and the presence of large, cholesterol-based vesicles at the time of implantation. Thus this study aims to determine a role for prominin-1 in rat uterine epithelial cells during early pregnancy. Immunofluorescence microscopy reveals punctate and diffuse prominin-1 staining below the apical plasma membrane on day 1 of pregnancy. At the time of blastocyst implantation (day 6) however, prominin-1 appears concentrated at the apical surface of the cell. Western blotting of isolated uterine epithelial cell lysate revealed a change in prominin-1 glycosylation during early pregnancy. Prominin-1 was determined to be glycosylated on day 1 of pregnancy, but these carbohydrate side chains were lost by the time of attachment. Results seen in the present study indicate that prominin-containing vesicles may be prevented from reaching the apical plasma membrane by the terminal web on day 1 of pregnancy. On day 6, the loss of the terminal web may allow the vesicles to approach and incorporate into the apical plasma membrane, as seen with other uterine vesicles. The deglycosylation of prominin-1 at this time is suggested to allow the protein to bind its ligand and activate downstream signalling pathways that permit implantation. This study constitutes the first reported observation of prominin in endometrial lumenal epithelial cells. These preliminary results, in consideration with previous reports of prominin expression in trophoblast cells, suggest an important role for this protein in early pregnancy.


Pressure and temperature sensitive paints have been utilized for the measurement of blade surface pressure and temperature distributions in a high speed axial compressor and an Allied Signal F109 gas turbine engine. Alternate blades were painted with temperature sensitive paints and then pressure sensitive paint. This combination allows temperature distributions to be accounted for when determining the blade suction surface pressure distribution. Measurements were taken and pressure maps on the suction surface of a blade were obtained over a range of rotational speeds. Pressure maps of the suction surface show strong shock waves at the higher speeds.


It is a moving experience to have met again after 18 years in Vienna where the First Meeting of the EACTS took place. Following a long period of turbulence we again stand here united in a joint meeting, which promises abundantly for the future. Within these 18 years, a lot of discussions took place and many conflicts arose. However, our essential effort and concern has never been the fulfillment of personal vanity or ambition but the promotion of practicing levels of our specialization. Huge steps have already been taken in this direction but there is a lot more to be done. After all, the last decade has given rise to pressing needs and the number of issues we have to handle has increased dramatically. The societies constitute the major channels for the communication of our ideas and the realisation of our hopes and pursuits in our professional and scientific future. At present the major demand is the standardisation of both training and practicing conditions across borders in Europe as concerns our area of interest. In the globalisation era we need an equalisation of working terms between Western and Eastern Europe as well as between the North and South. In order to formulate a unified scientific language on behalf of Europe the participation of all scientific teams and all countries is required. At the moment the conditions under which our specialty is practised are not equal across Europe. This is due to funding, educational and/or training, infrastructure and organisational, institutional and even cultural differences.


In this paper, we propose a sentence ordering algorithm using a semi-supervised sentence classification and historical ordering strategy. The classification is based on the manifold structure underlying sentences, addressing the problem of limited labeled data. The historical ordering helps to ensure topic continuity and avoid topic bias. Experiments demonstrate that the method is effective.


(1) Primula scotica risks extinction in many of its few remaining sites. It is successful only in a small range of habitats within a limited area. Even within habitats where the species can readily be found, flowering frequency can be very low and population numbers can decline in unfavourable years. (2) Plants in permanently marked quadrats were of two subpopulations: (a) those plants which were present at the beginning of a sixteen-year monitoring period ('original plants') and are distinct in having high flowering frequencies and longer life-spans; and (b) those which appeared in the quadrats during the period of study ('new arrivals') and although many can persist for several years they achieve only very low flowering rates with the majority of individuals remaining vegetative. It is suggested that because of the increased likelihood of selfing in years of poor flowering there can arise a genetically inferior subpopulation which may for a time reduce further the vigour of an already depleted population. (3) The number of plants that flower in any year, the population size and the number of seedlings established, show positive rank correlations with mild winters and negative rank correlations with increased snow-fall, snow-lie and gale frequency. A net gain in population size in the marked quadrats during the sixteen-year monitoring period was achieved only in four years of mild winter weather between 1970 and 1973. (4) Despite the general increase in global temperatures this century, northern latitudes from 50^N have experienced a progressive temperature reduction since 1950 and this current cooling trend in the North Atlantic, should it continue, will be a serious risk for the maintenance of viable populations of P. scotica. (5) There is clearly a need for providing long-term habitat stability for the conservation of this rare endemic species.


In a method for introducing and / or applying a relative to a fibrous suspension with fine and / or fillers enriched suspension into or onto the fibrous suspension or on a mold made from the fibrous suspension fibrous web in a machine for producing a fibrous web (12), the enriched suspension is more or exclusively at the lateral edge regions than in the middle of the fibrous web (12) fed.


In recent years, with the booming server virtualization, many applications extend topics, such as: PaaS [1], IaaS [2], SaaS [3] and other cloud services concept, but whether it is the kind of virtualization technology, after end storage I / O performance and high availability is a key factor in quality of service. This paper will explore vSAN distributed storage system, the differences in different principles, and understand the differences in the effectiveness of a number of different data node configuration, for the production of environmental planning reference.


In babies who are born preterm (before 37 weeks), the retinal blood vessels are not fully formed and do not reach the ora serrata (Figure 2). If a preterm baby is examined a week or so after birth, it is possible to see whether the blood vessels are mature and have reached the ora serrata, or whether they are immature; i.e., the peripheral retina is not vascularised. If babies receive good neonatal care, the retinal blood vessels continue to grow normally. If the neonatal environment is not ideal, particularly if oxygen levels have been higher or more variable than they should be, the retinal blood vessels stop growing. A visible line or a ridge then forms and the blood vessels may start to multiply (proliferate) abnormally. The visible line, ridge and proliferating blood vessels are all signs of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). See Figure 3.


For array calibration error problem, the principle of the transmission calibration is given firstly. Then, an analysis of the effect of the phase variation of the coupling calibration network on the array performance at low temperature is presented through an experiment and a simulation. The analysis provides a reference for the design of the array system in the complex environment.


A detailed sensitivity study of a tornado-vortex model developed by Howells and Smith is presented in order to draw a comparison between the results of various axisymmetric models that purport to simulate laboratory and tornadic vortices. The model incorporates a stretched finite-difference mesh in both radial and vertical directions and this provides for an increase in resolution in the vicinity of the vortex core and lower-boundary layer. The development of the vortex is studied for different values of two key parameters. These are the ratio of the applied tangential velocity to the mean vertical velocity (the swirl ratio) and the Reynolds' number based on the eddy diffusivity coefficient, the mean radial velocity, and the radius of the domain. Most of the simulations are for a no-slip lower boundary, but a few free-slip experiments are presented for comparison. These serve to highlight the importance of the radial inflow jet for the no-slip case.

Emphasis is placed in the no-slip experiment on the relative importance of the primary meridional circulation associated directly with the applied forcing, and the secondary circulation induced by the lower-boundary layer. For weak applied swirl (tangential) velocity (1ms−1), the secondary circulation is relatively weak and the maximum tangential velocity is associated with the convergence produced by the primary circulation. Accordingly, this maximum occurs at a substantial height above the lower boundary. For moderate applied swirl velocity (4ms−1), the secondary circulation is manifest as a strong radial inflow jet near the lower boundary. This jet advects rotating air close to the axis. The flow that evolves is dependent on the magnitude of the eddy turbulent diffusivity coefficient. For a relatively low diffusivity coefficient (10m2s−1), a large amplitude centrifugal wave forms and breaks violently near the corner region. At higher values (20m2s−1), a quasi-steady toroidal vortex develops in the region where the stream surfaces expand, and the maximum swirl velocity is found to occur at low levels near the corner region. This breakdown feature is advected out of the domain when the diffusivity coefficient is increased to 30m2s−1. When the simulations are performed using high imposed swirl velocities (10ms−1), a very intense vortex forms with maximum tangential velocity exceeding 55ms−1, despite the frictional losses near the ground. This is considerably stronger than the equivalent free-slip vortex which attains a maximum tangential velocity of 44ms−1. Although many of these results have been obtained in past numerical studies, a clear demonstration of the importance of the secondary circulation as compared with the primary circulation has not been forthcoming due to a wide variety of experimental configurations and external parameters.


The attorney-client privilege ensures that communications between an attorney and his or her client are confidential. This privilege has been acknowledged for many years and applies to both individuals and corporations. Although corporations hold the privilege, it has not been clear how far the privilege extends in a corporation. That is, are communications between a corporation's attorneys and all of the corporation's employees protected by the attorney-client privilege? Or, does the privilege only apply to some of the corporation's employees, depending on the situation? Or, are communications between the corporation's attorneys and the corporation's top ranking officers the only communications protected by the attorney-client privilege?


We describe a three-dimensional (3D) laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) diagnostic for argon ions in a helicon plasma source. With three different laser injection orientations at a single spatial location, LIF measurements are performed to determine the 3D ion temperature and the 3D ion flow vector. The measurement process is then repeated at multiple locations in a cross section of the plasma column to create a two-dimensional (2D) map of the 3D ion flow, the ion temperature, and metastable ion density. Scanning in the 2D plane is accomplished by mounting the injection and collection optics on stepping motor driven stages.


The present invention provides a method for smoothing an optical surface of an optical component for EUVL. Specifically, the present invention provides a method for smoothing an optical surface of an optical component for EUVL made of a silica glass material containing TiO 2 and comprising SiO 2 as a main component with a laser having an oscillation wavelength, to which the optical component for EUVL has an absorption coefficient of 0.01 µm -1 or more, at a fluence of 0.3 to 1.5 J/cm 2 in an atmosphere having a water vapor partial pressure of 3.6 mmHg or less.


Risk know-how is about informed decision-making, and it is often underpinned by statistics. Risk know-how entails not simply taking statistical information at face value but asking questions and interrogating the data—a lifelong process of developing statistical reasoning skills. By developing a framework in collaboration with risk communication and statistics experts and with insights developed from interviews with communities around the world, it provides a structure for modelling best statistical practice and encourages the involvement of all community members. The aim is to develop more confidence in the decision-making process using data. The framework will also center the needs and efforts of community practitioners around the world and encourage reflection on how efforts in statistics education can be extended to support these practitioners and communities.


The Indian buffet process (IBP) and phylogenetic Indian buffet process (pIBP) can be used as prior models to infer latent features in a data set. The theoretical properties of these models are under-explored, however, especially in high dimensional settings. In this paper, we show that under mild sparsity condition, the posterior distribution of the latent feature matrix, generated via IBP or pIBP priors, converges to the true latent feature matrix asymptotically. We derive the posterior convergence rate, referred to as the contraction rate. We show that the convergence results remain valid even when the dimensionality of the latent feature matrix increases with the sample size, therefore making the posterior inference valid in high dimensional settings. We demonstrate the theoretical results using computer simulation, in which the parallel-tempering Markov chain Monte Carlo method is applied to overcome computational hurdles. The practical utility of the derived properties is demonstrated by inferring the latent features in a reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA) dataset under the IBP prior model.


We report a patient, who had neuropathic pain after radiation, called "chronic post-radiation pain syndrome," who was successfully treated by Shimbuto. The patient was a 83-year-old man, diagnosed with Stage IB non-small cell lung cancer of the left upper lobe. Although the lesion had a surgical indication, he selected radiotherapy, and stereotactic body radiotherapy was performed. A few months later, he experienced neuropathic pain in his anterolateral chest wall. Loxoprofen and acetaminophen had little effect; moreover, tramadol hydrochloride/ acetaminophen combination tablets and pregabalin induced drowsiness and dizziness. He then wanted to take Kampo medicine (Japanese traditional medicine) and was observed to have susceptibility to gastrointestinal dis-orders and cold intolerance by Kampo diagnosis. We prescribed Shimbuto 5 g per day, along with pregabalin. After 2 months, the pain had almost disappeared and he could stop taking pregabalin. Shimbuto is usually prescribed to patients at a risk of gastrointestinal disorders, pain, numbness, and other symptoms induced by cold intolerance. Shimbuto includes the extract of processed aconite root, which is effective for pain and numbness; therefore, it might be a good option for treating neuropathic pain when we have difficulties with Western medicine. Palliat : -


The appearance of another example of a scholarly treatment of women in China (Signs, vol. 2, no. 1 [1976]) helps to provoke the question: who is the beneficiary of such work? The academy is probably richer for its incorporation of feminist inquiry in all but a few of the traditional disciplines. However, the benefits to the mass political movement responsible for this feat are more ambiguous. The increasing respectability of feminist scholarship reflects both the success and the co-optation of the militant thrust of the Second Wave. If some feminist scholars have en-


The subject of this note is a fragmentary collection on a herbarium sheet at W bearing the following information: "K. H. Rechinger 27934B, 15.4.1965, W. Pakistan, Baluchistan: Makran: Ras Nuh prope Gwadar, 25009'N, 62021'E, 50-150 m". This was annotated "Medicago n. sp." by S. I. Ali in 1971. Heyn (1984) described the new species M. makranica on the basis of this material. On further consideration, it has become evident that the collection is not related to tribe Trifolieae, as indicated by the following characteristics, which have never been found in the tribe: mature leaves bifoliolate, leaves with pulvini (in addition to the pulvinules of the leaflets), hairs biramous, and vexillum abaxially pubescent. Given this very distinctive assemblage of characters, as well as others of the collection, we have identified it as Indigofera nephrocarpa Balf. f. recognized by Balfour (1882; note Gillett's (1958) segregate, I. nephrocarpoides). This species of Pakistan, Oman, and the island of Socotra is included in Ali (1977) and Rechinger (1984). Duplicate herbarium sheets of the identical collection (Rechinger 27934B) are cited under I. nephrocarpa in these works, and in the latter, where the name M. makranica was coined, the same collection is thus listed for two "species"! The sheet of Rechinger 27934B at KUH and the second (additional to the holotype) sheet of this collection at W are accordingly isotypes of M. makranica Heyn. Rechinger 27934B and another collection from the same site (Jennifer Lamond 486, at K, cited by Ali, 1977) are the only recorded collections of I. nephrocarpa from Pakistan. Balfour (1888) stated that I. nephrocarpa of Socotra developed compact, tufted, depressed plants on the harder, limestone plains, but much more luxuriant plants under more favorable conditions. Ali (1977) recorded the information from Lamond 486, that is for the locus classicus of Medicago makranica Heyn, that the collection site was a "rocky top of cliff promontory"; this environment is consistent with the compact, depressed appearance of the holotype. Figure 1 illustrates characteristics of the collection more accurately than shown previously (Tab. 159, Heyn, 1984). The mature leaves of the holotype are all bifoliolate, not trifoliolate as in Medicago. (Indigofera nephrocarpa develops unifoliolate, conjugate, and trifoliolate leaves. Balfour (1882, 1888) noted that the trifoliolate leaves have alternate leaflets, not as in Medicago with a basal pair of opposite leaflets.) The fruit does not tend to coil, but consistent with the specific epithet, nephrocarpa, is reniform (however, coiling of the style may give the fruit an appearance reminiscent of that of Medicago lupulina L.). The calyx is not bilabiate, but rather the lobes are subequal. Flower structure was not previously studied, as very little floral material is present, and only a flower bud was available for analysis. A study of this bud showed that the nine stamens of the staminal column were arranged in a group of five with relatively large, dorsifixed anthers on short filaments, and an alternating group of four with somewhat smaller basifixed anthers on longer filaments (Fig. 1). This feature has apparently not been recorded for I. nephrocarpa, and its assumed absence by certain keys (e.g., in Rechinger, 1984) prevents identification. However, we emphasize that the observations are of a flower bud, and the differences between the stamens are obscure at maturity (see Tab. 18A, Balfour, 1888).


Vitamin A aldehyde, retinal, is the chromophore of a group of biological pigments. These pigments convert light into either a sensory signal or electrogenic pump. The chromophore is linked by a protonated Schiff base to a lysine residue on the protein and on illumination, a double bond isomerization occurs. The chromophore's role in this light .+ signal process is unclear but the isomerization and presumably the interaction with the protein are essential for the function of the pigments. An approach to the study of structure and function of these proteins has been to strip the natural pigment of its native chromophore and to then incubate the apoprotein with a variety of synthetic retinal analogues, which have bieen designed so as to test some particular aspect of the chromophore interaction with the protein or the role of the chromophore in the physiological^ function of the pigment. This review covers recent results on these analogue pigments.


In Collaborations of Web service and processes in business environments, SOA and web services are the most hunted technology. But due to increase in complexity of services there is requirement for dynamic interaction models. In two sided service-oriented systems, both human provided services and software services are combined together to provide a single service. For a two sided service system to work properly we need a context-sensitive trust based on our modified trust algorithm which process exact skill matching and retrieval of Information based on proper content rank. Our contribution to this system is this new modified trust algorithm which process to evaluate trust based on the expert rank and their content quality of their resources provided. We also make the system available for public use and available for two sided markets, hence effectively reduces complexity in combining HPS and software services and provides superior exploration designed for knowledgeable users.


Marketing is commonly mistaken in the real estate development industry for the practice of advertising and sales. In reality, marketing is a set of concepts and methods created primarily in the consumer packaged goods industry that start with a focus on the consumer. Many of these concepts and methods can be used in the real estate development process to create more thoughtful and competitive projects. This thesis focuses on the marketing concept of demand segmentation and whether the real estate development process could be better served through a more defined focus on identifying specific consumers through demand segmentation techniques. Specifically, this thesis will answer the following questions: What is the existing structure for real estate market analysis? What is the concept of demand segmentation and how might it apply to real estate development? How has consumer segmentation specifically been applied in real estate development ventures? What are some important considerations to be aware of when developing real estate for a specific consumer segment? To answer these questions, this thesis reviews current thinking on demand segmentation through a review of relevant, marketing related literature for both the real estate and consumer packaged goods industries. This thesis also examines three subject developments that are examples of completed real estate development projects that serve the specific needs of a deliberately identified demand segments. The intention of this thesis is to define current marketing practices, analyze how a concept commonly used in the consumer packaged goods industry can be adapted for real estate and discover a body of questions and conclusion that can advance the practice of demand segmentation on real estate development. Thesis Supervisor: Brian A. Ciochetti Title: Professor of the Practice of Real Estate


The present stage of economic development in China is already subjected to restrictions from the environment and resources, and a circular society is recognized as a new sustainable development strategy. Studies on the successful experiences and lessons learned from foreign law systems relating to a circular society are accumulating. The standpoint of "four factors", namely law as a core factor, public as a basic factor, enterprise as the main body and technology as a decisive factor, for building a circular society, are discussed. Furthermore, concrete policy suggestions for establishing national laws to build a circular society are put forward based on the actual situation in China.JEL Classification: H20, K30, Q58, R50


Virtual learning environment seems to transform education process in a more flexible way as compared to other modes of learning and have great potential in ensuring successful learning. This study investigates the effectiveness of virtual learning environment in teaching engineering drawing in order to enhance mental rotation skills. A quasi- experimental design study was used involving engineering students in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. The intervention group in this study was exposed to virtual learning environment courseware. Students in this study were given a pre-test before the intervention and a post-test prior to the intervention. The result of this research indicates that there are significant improvements in the mental rotation skills of the students who were being exposed to the virtual learning environment. This study also investigates the gender differences in visualization skills. Thus, this study shows that using courseware in the teaching of engineering drawing can act as a catalyst in enhancing productivity and quality of engineering drawing. As a result, students are capable of enhancing their visualization skills which is vital in engineering drawing.


The principal goal of our participation in TREC 6 is to compare the following two pairs of approachs: 1- for French and cross-linguage retrieval: the classical approach based on words and our approach using terms from a terminological base and automatically built terms. 2- For Chinese retrieval: the approach using bigrams and the approach using word segmentation. This report describes our approaches and the experimental results


HEVC adopt a flexible coding unit partition technology to exploit more coding efficiency compare to previous standard H.264/AVC. In HEVC test model (HM), the encoder tries all possible depth levels to find out partition structure with least rate distortion cost for each coding tree block. This may achieve highest coding efficiency, but also bring huge computation complexity. In this paper, we proposed a fast coding unit (CU) size decision algorithm based on adaptive depth selection for HEVC. Since there is strong temporal correlation between encoding picture and previous encoded picture, we can derivate an adaptive CU depth set for the encoding CU with prediction from previous encoded picture. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce the encoding time by 35.7%, 35.6% and 30.7% on average in all intra, low delay B and random access configuration, compared to HM 12.0.


Objectives Patient and public involvement (PPI) is argued to lead to higher quality health research, which is more relatable to and helps empower the public. We synthesised the evidence to look for examples of PPI in health research in low/middle-income countries (LMICs), looking at levels of involvement and impact. Additionally, we considered the impact of who was undertaking the research on the level of involvement and reported impact. Design Systematic review. Data sources EMBASE, Medline and PsychINFO, along with hand-searching references, grey literature, Google search and expert advice. Eligibility criteria Any health research with evidence of patient or public involvement, with no language restrictions dated from 1978 to 1 Dec 2017. Data extraction and synthesis Data relating to stage and level of involvement, as well as impact, were extracted by one researcher (NC), and a coding framework was developed using an inductive approach to examine the impact of PPI on research. Extracted data were then independently coded by a second lay researcher (RK) to validate the data being collected. Discrepancies were referred to a third independent reviewer (MT) for review and consensus reached. Results Sixty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. The review revealed the most common stage for PPI was in research planning, and the most common level of involvement was collaboration. Most studies did not provide evidence of effectiveness or elaborate on the impact of PPI, and they tended to report impact from the researcher's perspective. Where impact was mentioned, this generally related to increased relevance to the community, empowerment of participants and alterations in study design. Conclusions The literature describing approaches to and impact of PPI on LMIC health research is sparse. As PPI is essential to conducting high-quality research, it should be fully reported and evaluated at the end of the research project.


In this paper an electric field sensor based on the electro-optical effect in Lithium Niobate crystal is studied. The electro-optically induced polarization modification in crystal has been described and the response analyzed for different crystal lengths and light source wave lengths. The study shows that as the crystal length increased the required electric field to produce a phase-shift equal  is decreased. The responsivity of the sensor for different ranges of the electric field to be measured has been calculated and it is found that the rate of change of the half of the phase shift with respect to the electric field d(/2)/dE is equal to the responsivity of the sensor at the mid-point of the linear part of the light intensity response curve.


Nanocrystalline cadmium sulphide (CdS) thin films were prepared using chemical bath deposition (CBD), and the structural, optical and photoconductive properties were investigated. The crystal structure of CdS thin film was studied by X-ray diffraction. The crystallite size, dislocation density and lattice constant of CBD CdS thin films were investigated. The dislocation density of CdS thin films initially decreases with increasing film thickness, and it is nearly constant over the thickness of 2,500 A. The dislocation density decreases with increasing the crystallite size. The Urbach energies of CdS thin films are obtained by fitting the optical absorption coefficient. The optical band gap of CdS thin films increases and finally saturates with increasing the lattice constant. The Urbach energy and optical band gap of the 2,900 A-thick CdS thin film prepared for 60 minutes are 0.24 eV and 2.83 eV, respectively. The activation energies of the 2,900 A-thick CdS thin film at low and high temperature regions were 14 meV and 31 meV, respectively. It is considered that these activation energies correspond to donor levels associated with shallow traps or surface states of CdS thin film. Also, the value of γ was obtained from the light transfer characteristic of CdS thin film. The value of γ for the 2,900 A-thick CdS thin film was 1 at 10 V, and it saturates with increasing the applied voltage.


ABSTRACT This article aims to identify and compare the characteristics of human agency in liberal and Islamic religious education, comparing Iran as a religious context influenced by Islamic state ideology with Finland as a liberal context and a secular state ideology. This comparison will be accomplished by document analysis of the national curricula for education in Iran and Finland. Methodologically, a comparative study and a deductive content-analysis approach will be employed. The paper will provide an analytical framework for human agency mainly based on Biesta's and Halstead's views as interpreters of liberal perspectives and Bagheri's view as an Islamic scholar. The comparison will be considered in the light of three categories: the foundation of agency, the requirements of agency and the educational consequences of agency. The results show that in all curriculum documents human agency is always considered but with distinct concepts and emphasis. In Iran, the focus is on spiritual aspects based on wisdom whereas in Finland the focus is on social aspects based on pure reasoning. The study suggests some points about the compatibility of Islam and liberal thought through the concept of human agency.


Depression is not a popular philosophical problem, despite the fact that it is one of the most frequent psychopathologies nowadays. The aim of the article is to consider the problem of depression as a philosophical one in terms of Cheshire Calhoun's analytic work on depression and S.ren Kierkegaard's philosophy of despair and anxiety. The author shows that the state of depression is connected to the sick man's failure to be a living being due to the process that Calhoun calls "the defeat of an agency". Calhoun claims that a man stops to be an active person because his will is disengaged due to his feeling of estrangement from his normative outlook of self-conception, his disbelief in the effectiveness of instrumental reasoning and lack of confidence in one's security from misfortune and harm. The permanent state of this defeat leads to being disengaged from one's very roots of being a motivated person. At this point living the being is opened to despair and anxiety, which are the means of creating a state of being as a "defeated agency". The analysis of Kierkegaard's work brings a new perspective of depression. A depressed person is one who is possessed by despair and anxiety. The analysis of different forms of despair and anxiety bring new light to the process of becoming depressed. It shows that the depressed person is in a permanent state of being "cut off" from life. This perspective leads to the conclusion that depression could be seen as Kierkegaard's "Sickness Unto Death".


Hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) by an unpromoted acidic zeolite has been theoretically studied using density functional theory method with the cluster approach. Different reactions have been investigated. The direct hydrodesulfurization of DBT and the hydrodesulfurization of hydrogenated DBT are described. Furthermore, aromatic hydrogenation has been considered. A detailed description of the intermediates and transition states corresponding to the different reaction pathways is provided. The elementary DBT cracking reaction, which leads to the formation of biphenylthiol, is the most difficult reaction in the DBT hydrodesulfurization reaction pathway. Once this step has been achieved, sulfur removal becomes favorable. However, aromatic hydrogenation appears to be a more favorable reaction than DBT cracking. It is predicted that hydrogenation will preferentially take place. The ring cracking activation energies of hydrogenated DBT are on the same order as those of aromatic hydrogenation.


PURPOSE: A motor structure is provided to prevent current from flowing to a washing shaft although a stator coil and a lower frame of a rotator are not isolated and to discharge a washing water falling down from the lower frame. CONSTITUTION: A stator(1) is fixed to an outer frame of a washer and is assembled with an upper frame(11), which a bearing(B) is coupled with. A rotator(2) is rotated by an electrode difference and is installed at an outer surface of the stator(1). The rotator(2) consists of a lower frame(21). A flange(24) is formed at the center of the lower frame(21) so as to be protruded downward. Plural ventilation holes(26) and plural cooling fans(25) are formed on a lower surface of the lower frame(21). A washer shaft supporting member(3) maintains an interval between the upper frame(11) and the lower frame(21). A joint part(4) joins the washer shaft supporting member(3) to the lower frame(21).


Current reality perception can be characterized by different trends, such as the existential void and social conformism, which in turn impact upon the educational process. The objective of this study is to suggest a training process for lecturers in the exercise of the teaching profession in terms of more cross-sectional and inclusive projects, underpinned by ecosystemic thinking, informed by complexity and transdisciplinarity. The references for this study were the theoretical precepts of Pensamento Ecossistêmico na Educação (Ecosystemic Thinking on Education) of Moraes (2004), the binomial Estímulo Intelectual e Relacionamento Interpessoal (Intellectual Stimulation and Interpersonal Relationship) of Lowman (2004), the concepts on the transdisciplinary attitude and the transdisciplinarity of Nicolescu (1996) and Moraes et al. (2014), and the metaphors on the lecturer as a craftsman and an artist by Axelrod (1973) and of the Universidade-Semente (seed-university) and Universidade-Fruto (fruit-university) by Ribeiro (1997). The research was based on a higher education institution case study, performed in the middle of 2019 through a questionnaire and interviews with eight lecturers, whose contributions were hermeneutically analyzed. The results highlighted the possibility that good lecturers are those whose starting point is the presumption of ecosystemic thinking, integrating individual, knowledge, and agency in teaching.


In this Letter a novel type of waveguide based on a photonic crystal and implemented in microwave printed‐circuit technology is proposed. The novel waveguide is obtained by introducing a line defect in a 2D photonic crystal placed inside a parallel‐plate waveguide. The resulting structure supports guided modes that propagate along the line defect. Simulation and measurement results confirming the existence of a low‐loss waveguiding band are presented. The novel type of planar waveguide has a quasi‐TEM fundamental mode and is compatible with the widely employed microstrip technology, but because of its unique configuration it does not suffer from some problems common to planar technologies like radiation losses or surface‐wave mode excitation. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 462–466, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10496


In view of the problem that source signals cannot be effectively separated in the process of blind source separation of similar nonstationary nonlinear signals, a spatiotemporal intrinsic mode decomposition method was proposed for bearing fault diagnosis. Spatiotemporal intrinsic mode decomposition can separate source signals and construct Fourier basis dictionaries and nonlinear signal models. The fault components can be separated by using this method in fault diagnosis. The proper initial phase function is selected for blind source separation of signals and signal decomposition components are obtained. By simulation analysis, spatiotemporal intrinsic mode decomposition than the fast independent component analysis method can more intuitive clearly separate the signals of admixed with large modulation components of correlation coefficient, and through the impact of component kurtosis index to judge fault, inherent modal decomposition method better prove time restore original bearing vibration signals and fault impact. Through the analysis and comparison of experimental data, the spatiotemporal intrinsic mode decomposition method has a significant effect on the fault diagnosis and analysis of rolling bearing outer ring, inner ring, and can intuitively express the fault characteristic frequency and frequency doubling through the analysis of envelope spectrum. In processing the industrial data, the spatiotemporal intrinsic mode decomposition method can also find the frequency characteristics of inner ring fault more clearly and accurately. Therefore, the spatiotemporal intrinsic mode decomposition method can solve the problem of blind source separation and realize fault diagnosis in rolling bearing fault field.


A dual-polarized triple-band multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna is proposed for WLAN/WiMAX access points. The dual-polarized antenna consists of two identical crossed triple-band dipoles each of which is printed on each side of a square substrate, forming a planar compact dual-polarized configuration. Measured results show that the dual-polarized triple-band antenna covers the WLAN 2.4-GHz band, WiMAX 3.5-GHz band, and WLAN 5-GHz bands with return loss>10 dB and isolation>20 dB. An 8-port MIMO antenna is developed.


Mean-shift is an effective statistical iterative algorithm. In the iterative process, size of bandwidth has great impact on the accuracy and efficiency of the algorithm. It not only decides the number of sampling points in the iteration, but also affects the convergence speed and accuracy of the algorithm. So, the choice of bandwidth is very important. In this paper, bandwidth is calculated by using correlation comparison algorithm, and then mean shift algorithm is used for image segmentation. Experimental results show that better image segmentation result can be obtained by using this new algorithm.


In the article the necessity of the development of small management forms for the sustainable agriculture development of the country has been approved. The author has developed the project of creation of hi-tech and highly profitable milk farm "Milk river". The analysis of the proposed project showed that it is economically and socially important for the development of Sokol district of the Vologda region.


In Europe the population of the wood-pigeon (Columba palumbus L.) is increasing, consequently agricultural and horticultural damage is also increasing, especially in cereal and Brassica fields. In Great Britain long-term investigations of this problem have been made.

In the Federal Republic of Germany, wood-pigeons cause a lot of damage to cabbage fields. Farmers, in the Mainz-Gonsenheim area, suffer damage amounting to more than DM 100,000 per annum, to their Brassica crops. This amounts to 30% of the harvest. Our Institute has started a research program to find methods of reducing the damage in cabbage fields and to test methods of controlling the pigeon populations. The investigations are supported by the Ministerium fur Landwirtschaft, Weinbau und Umweltschutz in Rheinland-Pfalz.


ABSTRACT Young people engaging in forms of travel that link touristic adventures with volunteering in contexts of poverty has become increasingly popular. Volunteering in the forms of conservation, environmental and development tourism has a long history. The human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) pandemic in Africa has led to a flurry of volunteering with orphans that is little studied. This project adds to the newly emerging literature on orphan tourism. In-depth, open-ended interviews and participant observations were conducted over a three-month period with American travelers to a Malawian orphanage between 2009 and 2010. These data suggest that volunteers' experiences and perceptions were shaped by misrepresentations of a generic Africa that both biased and perpetuated misunderstandings of poverty. In addition, a racialized, needy other was understood as needing the benevolent had of the west. Voluntourists often leave with superficial understandings of poverty and culture. In addition, many volunteers expressed new antagonistic perspectives on US poverty, which they felt was not the same caliber as developing world poverty. This re-thinking led many volunteers to miss shared systems of inequality that inhibit the livelihoods of all people living in poverty regardless of geography. The long-term impact on orphans is unclear, but it seems children develop unrealistic expectations about their futures.


A univariate segmentation algorithm has recently been developed for precision agricultural applications. This algorithm is adapted to a bivariate analysis to investigate zoning based on both yield and protein responses in an eastern Australian wheat field. The intention is to provide a zone-by-zone interpretation of the agronomic response to nitrogen (N). The segmentation algorithm provided management zone results comparable with the more widely used k-means classification. The algorithm is still under development but allows expert-knowledge to be incorporated into the zone delineation process.


During the compaction of subgrades for flexible pavements, the acceptability of the soil is extremely important: soils which are in an acceptable state will be able to be compacted satisfactorily whereas soils in an unacceptable state will not. The acceptability can be assessed using the moisture condition value (MCV) which is related to moisture content. As rainfall conditions vary during earthworking, both the moisture content and the MCV of the soil change. By modelling the changes in moisture content brought about by the varying hydrological processes, we can predict the changes in MCV likely during road construction. This in turn can provide the site engineer with a knowledge of the likely acceptability of the subgrade material throughout the full earthworking stages of a contract. This paper describes the use of the finite difference method to model the variation in moisture content and changes in MCV. For the covering abstract see ITRD E108441.


New material has accumulated in several Australian Museums since Mackerras' extensive 1960's revision of the austral horse fly genus Scaptia Walker 1850, including one new species of Scaptia ( Scaptia ) Walker, 1850 and two new species of Scaptia ( Myioscaptia ) Mackerras, 1955. The new species are Scaptia ( Scaptia ) aurinigra Lessard, sp. n. and Scaptia ( Myioscaptia ) collessi Lessard, sp. n. both from Queensland, and Scaptia ( Myioscaptia ) lambkinae Lessard, sp. n. from Western Australia. All new species are described and illustrated. Additionally, an updated key to species of Scaptia ( My-ioscaptia ) is provided and includes all eleven known species of the subgenus. One novel species significantly extends the known distribution of the genus over 700 km further NE into central Western Australia.


To meet the ever increasing spectrum demand, developing a mechanism for dynamic spectrum access seems inevitable. Spectrum sensing enables cognitive radios (CRs) to identify and use frequency bands (channels) that are not being used by primary users (PUs) at a particular place and time. However, sensing errors and limited sensing resources, such as sensing hardware and sensing time, introduce significant technical challenges to the development of such an ideal capability. Adaptive sensing strategies allow the sensing resources to be spent on more promising primary channels. This is achieved by exploiting past sensing outcomes of one secondary user (SU), or, as proposed in this research, multiple spatially distributed SUs. We propose adaptive sensing strategies for three different scenarios. First, we assume that a SU sequentially senses a number of primary channels to find the first available channel. We propose a two-stage spectrum detection strategy that allows the spectrum detector to quickly detect and skip though most of busy channels and spend most of its time on channels that are more likely to be idle. Second, we consider the case where multiple SUs jointly try to locate idle channels within a given sensing time, which itself is divided into a number of sensing slots. We propose a cooperative spectrum search strategy that specifies the channel to be sensed by each SU in each slot in such a way to maximize the expected number of identified idle channels. Third, we consider a primary network that operates in a synchronous time-framed fashion. We assume that the occupancy state of each primary channel over different time frames follows a discrete-time Markov process. We propose a cooperative sensing strategy that decides which channel should be sensed by which SU in each frame. The goal is to maximize a utility function that accounts for both the number of detected idle channel-frames and the number of miss-detected busy channel-frames. We present analytical and numerical results to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed sensing strategies in increasing identified time-frequency spectrum opportunities and/or reducing interference with licensed systems.


Palm vitamin E, an extract from palm oil contains high amount of tocotrienol. It has been shown to have no toxicological effects to young albino mice and Sprague-Dawley rats when administered with 250mg/kg body weight (b.w.) to 2500mg/kg b.w.. To date, there is no report of toxicological evaluation of tocotrienol intake on fetal and newborn development in rats. The present study therefore was undertaken to investigate the effect of palm vitamin E on fetal and newborn development in rats following maternal feeding with various doses of palm vitamin E. Pregnant rats were treated orally with 100, 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg b.w. palm vitamin E from day 1 until day 13 of gestation. Number of implantation observed were between 9 to 11 embryos per mother, which corresponded to the number of corpora lutea released. No significant differences were observed on the implantation rate between control and treated rat. It shows that no adverse effect on the reproductive performances upon giving high dosages of palm vitamin E to pregnant rat. Feeding palm vitamin E does not alter their gestational period and number of pups delivered. Pups from mother rat supplemented with palm vitamin E showed no abnormalities in their birth weight as compared to control. Therefore, it is suggested that maternal intake of palm vitamin E up to dose 1000mg/kg b.w. by normal pregnant rats have no adverse effects on perinatal development.


The evolution of voice communications technology promises high‐fidelity teleconferencing systems without encumbering the user with hand‐held devices. The freedom of movement provided by hands‐free devices yields dynamic acoustic environments and allows for greater separation between source and receiver. Furthermore, these teleconferencing environments may feature communication over multiple audio channels. The sound quality in such environments is typically degraded due to acoustic reflections from nearby walls, people, and objects. These undesired echoes must be removed if one is to maintain a high sound quality. In this work the problem of acoustic echo cancellation is examined. The technique for acoustic echo cancellation is based on sub‐band decomposition. For a reverberant room, the source to receiver impulse response is computed by an image‐ based method. The influence of scattering from objects with high acoustical contrast is computed by a Pade approximants based method. A model for the impulse re...


pre-existing at a subclinical microscopic level, with the trabeculectomy merely providing a path of least resistance for the melanoma to opportunistically spread. This case also highlights the importance of causes other than inflammation resulting in anterior chamber activity. Glaucoma can be the initial reason for presentation of undiagnosed uveal melanoma in up to 17% of cases causing elevated IOP through tumour spread or pigment dispersion. In certain high-risk patients with uniocular elevated IOP and uveitis, it may be warranted to perform an anterior chamber paracentesis with cytological smear to exclude a diagnosis of intraocular neoplasia prior to glaucoma filtration surgery. Although there is limited evidence supporting carcinogenicity and teratogenicity in humans, this is well documented in animals exposed to mitomycin C. Myelosuppression is another well-documented adverse effect of systemic mitomycin C use in humans and is thought to be cumulative. Finally, there are important issues to include when consenting patients for an augmented trabeculectomy with antifibrotics. Apart from the usual surgical complications, the risk of development of malignancy, although rare, needs to be discussed. This case emphasizes the need for continued diagnostic reappraisal in all cases of unilateral glaucoma. Ideally, anterior segment ultrasonic biomicroscopy (UBM) and careful peripheral retinal exam are recommended in all cases of asymmetric high IOP glaucoma.


Objective To explore the correlation between the promote effects of ALC1 on the proliferation of liver cancer cells and MAPK Pathway activity.Methods The expression of ALC1 mRNA expression were detected with q RT-PCR in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. The the colony formation and MTS experiment were applied to test the effects of proliferation after ALC1 RNA interference and Western blot was uesd to detected the phosphorylation of MEK and ERK. Results ALC1 were expressed in Huh7,HepG2 and BEL-7402 cells. The higher expression level of ALC1 was found in Huh7 cells when compared with that of HepG2 and BEL-7402 cells. The results of MTS experiment showed that the multiplication rate of Huh7 cell were significantly decreased than the of control group after treating with ALC1 siRNA(P<0.05),the colony formation rate of Huh7 cells also decreased significantly following siRNA treatment(P<0.05). Western blot results showed that the total MEK and ERK protein levels were not changed obviously after ALC1 siRNA treatment,but the p-MEK and p-ERK protein levels were remarkably decreased(P<0.05)following the expression of ALC1 was restrained. Conclusion The high expression level of ALC1 was significantly found in Huh7 cells.ALC1 promote the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by activating the MAPK Pathway.


Lowri Smith explains how anxiety and uncertainty can become an intrinsic part of life for patients with congenital heart disease, and why trust in one's treatment team is so important.


Background: IKZF1 deletions are the most frequent secondary genetic alterations with prognostic impact in pediatric Philadelphia-positive B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ BCP-ALL). Studies of IKZF1 status have mainly focused on deletions of the gene whereas very little is known about other genetic alterations in the IKZF1 locus. Aim: Using an amplicon deep sequencing approach to investigate IKZF1 mutations occurrence in pediatric Ph+ BCP-ALL reported as IKZF1wildtype (WT) for deletions by MLPA analysis. Methods: Six European centres participated in this study with a total of 98 patients.The 454 GS Junior system (Roche) was used to sequence the coding regions of IKZF1, Exon1 - Exon7 (Mullighan C. et al, 2009). An average depth of 250 reads (minimum of 102 reads, maximum of 853 reads) per amplicon was achieved. Quality control analysis excluded variants coverage of Results: In total, 882 amplicons were screened obtaining 337 variants. Of these, 14 variants corresponding to mutations with predicted deleterious impact on the function of IKZF1 passed the filters of our analysis pipeline. Twelve out of 98 (12%) IKZF1 non-deleted patients were mutated and 2 of them carried double mutations. Both cases showed different mutant allele frequencies of the 2 mutations, suggesting the presence of leukemic sub-populations with different IKZF1 status. Mutations can be subdivided in 2 categories: 5 miss-sense point mutations localized at the DNA binding domain with a dominant negative effect and 7 frameshift mutations leading to haploinsufficiency and impairing also the dimerization activity of IKZF1. The 5 point mutations were located in exon4 and 4 out of 5 were localized in the coding region of zinc finger 2 (ZF2), essential for DNA-protein interaction. Three patients carried the same c.698A>G substitution, that caused the change of Asparagine 159 into Serine. The 7 frameshift mutations (2 deletions, 4 insertions and 1 InDel) were identified all along the IKZF1locus. These nucleotide variations caused a shift in the reading frame and a consequent formation of premature stop codons depleting the C-terminal dimerization domain. Six out of 12 patients carrying IKZF1 mutations experienced an event (either relapse or death in CCR): 6 patients were treated in the pre-TKI (tyrosine kinase inhibitor) era and had 5 events while the remaining 6 patients received imatinib and showed a more favourable outcome with only one patient who died in CCR. This trend is in line with the findings recently reported by Van der Veer et al. (2014). In this study on IKZF1 deletions were identified in 126 of 191 patients, while 65 were defined IKZF1 WT on the basis of deletions analysis alone. Our study revealed that 6 of these 65 IKZF1 WT patients carried IKZF1 mutations (3 in the pre-TKI and 3 in the EsPhALL cohort). The outcome of mutated patients and deleted patients taken together (IKZF1 aberrant) is consistent with results reported in the Van der Veer study, both for the pre-TKI cohort [(4-year disease free survival (DFS) was 28.1% [SE 6.4] for IKZF1 aberrant vs 64.3% [SE 9.7] for IKZF1 WT, P=0.0036); Van der Veer study (30.0% [SE 6.8] for IKZF1 deleted vs 57.5% [SE 9.4] for IKZF1 WT, P=0.013)] and for the EsPhALL cohort [(4-year DSF was 55.7% [SE 6.8] for IKZF1 aberrant vs 59.8% [SE 11.6] for IKZF1 WT (P=0.348); Van der Veer study (4-year DFS was 53.6 [SE 7.0] for IKZF1 deleted vs 63.1 [SE 11.0] for IKZF1WT, P=0.1676]. Conclusion: This work revealed IKZF1 mutations in >10% of Ph+ BCP-ALL pediatric patients previously classified as IKZF1 WT on the basis of deletions analysis. Our results, together with data of IKZF1 deletions, highlight a 70-75% incidence of IKZF1 aberrations in pediatric Ph+ patients. Exon4 carried 9 of 14 aberrations: 7 point mutations and 2 deletions, suggesting a hotspot region for somatic mutations acquisition. The outcome of mutated patients is in line with the data previously published on the impact of IKZF1 deletions in pre and post TKI cohorts, suggesting a similar impact of mutations and deletions on clinical outcome of pediatric Ph+ patients. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


This paper aims to describe and describe the organology of a traditional musical instrument as seen from its physical classification at the Selober Pejenengan Studio in the Village of Inflation in the Pringgasela District, East Lombok using organology theories. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative. From the results of the study found about: 1) organology and the process of making a traditional musical instrument as follows, consisting of: the level of dryness, the process of selecting materials, the process of contracting, the process of making tongue lines, the process of making the head and feet of musical instruments, and the refinement process. 2) the production of tones on a traditional musical instrument that consists of tones produced by Selober Mame and Selober  nine.


Aiming at drawbacks of the circuit complexity and poor universality of the traditional analog control,a digital signal processor TMS320LF2407 based control of the double-loop DC motor speed system hardware and software design is discussed in this paper.Digital signal processor TMS320LF2407 used as a controller to replace the traditional part of the control circuit,the software methods realize adjustable functions of the inner current loop and outer speed loop.The system greatly simplifies the hardware architecture and reduces the size of the system.It effectively reduces the system costs and significantly increases capacity and reliability of the system.


The state of charge estimation of a pure electric vehicle power battery pack is one of the important contents of the battery management system. Improving the estimation accuracy of the battery pack's SOC is conducive to giving full play to its performance and preventing overcharge and discharge of a single battery. At present, the open-circuit voltage ampere-hour integral method is traditionally used to estimate the SOC value of the battery pack; however, this estimation method is not accurate enough to correct the initial value of SOC and cannot solve the problem of current time integration error between this correction and the next correction. As for the battery performance and characteristics of electric vehicles, it is pointed out that the size of the model value will affect the estimation accuracy of the Kalman signal value. Based on the analysis of the factors to be referred to in the calculation and estimation of SOC by Kalman for pure electric vehicles, the scheme is improved considering the change of battery model value, and the Kalman scheme is proposed. The feasibility and accuracy of the scheme are proved by several battery simulation experiments.


As information overload grows day by day, systems that can automatically summarize documents becomes increasingly studied and used. In this paper we have given a novel statistical approach for text summarization of a single source document by sentence extraction using font features. We rank each sentence in the document by assigning a weight value to each word of the sentence and a boost factor is also added to those terms which appear in bold, italic or underlined or any combination of these features. In this paper we improved our result in comparison to our previous paper: [14].


A wireless sensor network is a large number of sensor nodes deployed in a fixed or random manner over a wide area for environmental monitoring applications. Wireless sensors communicate via wireless links and are powered by batteries. They collect and provide information to the base station usually called sink. The information collected is generally physical, chemical or biological nature. For some of these applications, as pipeline or road monitoring, wireless sensor nodes have to be deployed in a linear manner. We refer to these WSNs as Linear Sensor Networks (LSNs). Due to specificity of LSNs, MAC protocol designed for WSNs, as contention or TDMA based protocols, are often not suitable. Furthermore, wireless node deployment can provide a certain form of redundancy to prevent link or node failures. In this paper, we propose a token based MAC protocol for linear sensor networks in order to improve the network performance. We evaluate the effect of the redundancy on the throughput and on the end-to-end delay. Copyright © 2015 IFSA Publishing, S. L.


Biology now produces massive genomic and other data, new ways of building knowledge rely ever more on the processing of data through information technology. Biological data such as DNA sequences and analysis tools are widely accessible via Internet and qualify as authentic. They offer new opportunities to explore, test and validate hypotheses in numerous fields of biology and allow students to engage in the same cognitive processes as hands-on biology. Science is also a process of building knowledge by confronting ideas, discussing their certainty, their links to the data that they are built on and their source. New authentic resources are available to all, raising the possibility for students to practice the authentic scientific process of validating knowledge. Framing authenticity in terms of resources and students activities, we have refined designs for building scientific knowledge, principally a Wiki-supported Inquiry-Based Learning design in information-dense environments of various degrees of authenticity. We will discuss the influence of resources, their authenticity, on the development of scientific knowledge and strategies. Results include an increase in epistemic complexity of student-produced text, a shift towards using resources of increasing authenticity and autonomy in validating information. Some authenticity-linked design features, and generalizabilty will be discussed.


During the past ten years, a great interest in the research of metamaterials has been observed. Metamaterials are artificially invented materials that show the properties which are not detected in naturally occurring materials. Metamaterials exhibits negative permittivity and/ or negative permeability. This paper presents a review of different types of metamaterials, their own unique properties and advantages. Keywords—Metamaterials(MTM), Double negative metamaterials (DNG), Negative Index Metamaterials (NIMs), Left handed Metamaterials (LHM), Split Ring Resonators


The goal of text classification is to identify the category to which the text belongs. Text categorization is widely used in email detection, sentiment analysis, topic marking and other fields. However, good text representation is the point to improve the capability of NLP tasks. Traditional text representation adopts bag-of-words model or vector space model, which loses the context information of the text and faces the problems of high latitude and high sparsity,. In recent years, with the increase of data and the improvement of computing performance, the use of deep learning technology to represent and classify texts has attracted great attention. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and RNN with attention mechanism are used to represent the text, and then to classify the text and other NLP tasks, all of which have better performance than the traditional methods. In this paper, we design two sentence-level models based on the deep network and the details are as follows: (1) Text representation and classification model based on bidirectional RNN and CNN (BRCNN). BRCNN's input is the word vector corresponding to each word in the sentence; after using RNN to extract word order information in sentences, CNN is used to extract higher-level features of sentences. After convolution, the maximum pool operation is used to obtain sentence vectors. At last, softmax classifier is used for classification. RNN can capture the word order information in sentences, while CNN can extract useful features. Experiments on eight text classification tasks show that BRCNN model can get better text feature representation, and the classification accuracy rate is equal to or higher than that of the prior art. (2) Attention mechanism and CNN (ACNN) model uses the RNN with attention mechanism to obtain the context vector; Then CNN is used to extract more advanced feature information. The maximum pool operation is adopted to obtain a sentence vector; At last, the softmax classifier is used to classify the text. Experiments on eight text classification benchmark data sets show that ACNN improves the stability of model convergence, and can converge to an optimal or local optimal solution better than BRCNN.


We thank Drs. Mammatas, van Helden, Verheul, and Menkevan der Houven van Oordt for their interest in our work, and for their comments on our article. Specifically, the authors of the letter expressed concern that the analysis contradicted prior work by our group and others (1, 2) predicting response to endocrine therapy using F-fluoroestradiol (FES) uptake alone, without the need for quantitative assessment of F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET. A key difference between these prior efforts and the current article is that our primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Response is a common endpoint for identifying activity in a novel treatment, or discrimination of a novel biomarker. PFS is a preferred endpoint for later trials due to its more direct relationship to patient outcomes (3). More so than response, PFS will reflect both aggressiveness of the underlying disease and response to therapy. Our results suggest that pretherapy FDG uptake is a strong predictor of disease aggressiveness, consistent with prior work (4), and that low pretherapy FDG uptake predicts a more indolent disease course, independent of ER expression. As such, stratification by pretherapy FDG uptake considerably adds to the predictive value of FES PET. The authors of the letter suggested that endocrine resistance due to extensive prior exposure could explain the study's lack of predictive value for FES uptake alone. However, over half of our patients had no prior endocrine therapy for metastatic disease, so as a cohort, they were no more heavily pretreated than for other studies. Potential relevant markers directly related to endocrine resistance (such as ESR1) were not measured in either the current or prior studies. The second concern raised by the authors of the letter was that the patient-level summaries of FES and FDG uptake used information only from the 3 most FDG-avid lesions, potentially neglecting important FES-negative lesions. Our analysis evaluated both FES and FDG uptake for all lesions and explicitly evaluated summary measures that focused on identifying patients with FES-negative disease, either by quantitative measures (with a minimum FDG SUV) or by qualitative assessment (Table 2). To reply to the authors' specific concern, we assessed the presence or absence of any lesion(s) with FES SUVmax (weighted by kg not lean body mass) 1.5 or 1.54 (the two thresholds mentioned; ref. 5). We found that 24 of 84 (29%) patients had at least 1 lesion with FES SUVmax 1.5, and 26 of 84 (31%) had at least 1 lesion with FES SUVmax 1.54. One of the proposed classifiers in Table 2 was the presence of any aggressive, FES-negative lesion (17/84, 20%, with presence of any lesion FES SULmean 1 and FDG SUVmax >5). Removing the FDG uptake restriction, the number of participants with any lesion FES SULmean 1 was 53/84 (63%). Kaplan–Meier survival curves for these FES-only measures as predictors of PFS are shown in the figure below. In addition, FES SUVmax 1.54 did not predict inferior PFS (log-rank test P 1⁄4 0.65), nor did absence of FES uptake by qualitative assessment (Fig. 1D in the article, P 1⁄4 0.95). The measure with a minimum FDG uptake for "FES negative" lesions was more promising (Fig. 1C in the article, log-rank P 1⁄4 0.07). As described in the article, the summary measures using values from up to 3 lesions were motivated by previous analysis of an overlapping patient cohort, which concluded that average uptake for a limited number of lesions provided "a reasonable summary of synchronous ER expression for most patients" (6). Our analysis acknowledges that within-person interlesion variation may exist and be clinically important in a minority of patients. However, our focus is on a clinical approach that can apply to the large population of patients with advanced breast cancer who are deciding among endocrine-based and chemotherapy-based treatment regimens based on current disease characteristics. Our analysis used a machine-learning technique (recursive partitioning) with internal cross-validation to identify the most promising predictors of PFS in our patient cohort. These findings were consistent both with prior research supporting FES PET as a predictor of response to endocrine therapy (1, 2), and with characterization of a sizeable minority of patients with ERþ metastatic breast cancer whose disease is indolent and who are likely to remain stable on endocrine therapy (7). We disagree with the authors of the letter that the results of our study indicated a diminished utility of FES PET in guiding endocrine therapy compared with FDG PET. Rather, our results support the added benefit of FDG PET when combined with FES PET measures in predicting disease course for patients with metastatic breast cancer from ER-expressing primary tumors treated with endocrine therapy. It is not surprising that a combination of imaging markers that can assess both likelihood of response to endocrine therapy (FES) and disease aggressiveness (FDG) does a better job of predicting PFS than either alone. Our analysis supports the utility of multiparametric molecular imaging, but clearly indicates a need for further study and prospective validation.


The World Wide Web has become a ubiquitous information source and communication channel. With such an extensive user population, it is imperative to understand how web users view different web pages. Based on an eye tracking study of 30 subjects on 22 web pages from 11 popular web sites, this research intends to explore the determinants of ocular behavior on a single web page: whether it is determined by individual differences of the subjects, different types of web sites, the order of web pages being viewed, or the task at hand. The results indicate that gender of subjects, the viewing order of a web page, and the interaction between page order and site type influences online ocular behavior. Task instruction did not significantly affect web viewing behavior. Scanpath analysis revealed that the complexity of web page design influences the degree of scanpath variation among different subjects on the same web page. The contributions and limitations of this research, and future research directions are discussed.


The work provides analysis of job advertisements published in British and Czech dailies, their common features and differences. The theoretical part of the work deals with characteristic features, means of expression and linguistic means of job advertisements occurring in British and Czech job advertisements. The aim of the practical part is to analyse features described in the practical part by using charts.


: The combined phytochemical and pharmaceutical study of Petiveria alleaceae L. (anamu) has shown the existence in the leaves and stems of the plant of a possible hypoglycemic active principle. Extracts from leaves and stem powder were found to produce a decrease of blood sugar concentration of more than 60% one hour after oral administration in male Balb/C mice weighing 20 g fasted for 48 hours.


Inflammatory diseases of the retina and choroid (chorioretinitis), including those of toxoplasmosis etiology usually occur against a background of decrease in immunity. We present two clinical cases of ocular inflammation at different times after the vaccination with Sputnik V. An analysis of the occurrence of ocular pathologic condition after vaccination to prevent coronavirus infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus will help determine the criteria for prophylactic ophthalmological examination of patients before vaccination.


The matrix C−1 An, where A is a square non-singular matrix with real coefficients, n a positive integer, and C the triangular matrix resulting from the Cholesky factorization An(An)T = CCT, is orthogonal and a convergent to the orthogonal matrix X for which XAX−1 is triangular. This matrix can be computed to any desired degree of precision by iteration. For symmetric A, (A = AT), X is the modal matrix (matrix of unit eigenvectors) and the convergence is considerably accelerated.


Understanding the city from a concept of "Ciudad Total" (Comprehensive City) we sought to address the interventions made at the Alvear Hospital from a multidisciplinary point of view. In this sense, different types of actions were engaged on archaeology, paleontology and heritage tending to diagnose this hospital complex, whose building works started in 1908 and, after more than a hundred years of existence, was in the need of a study for an enhancement of the building complex and a diagnose of its surrounding green spaces, including a survey in order to detect archaeological potential in the sector where there used to be a group of wards that were demolished in the 1970s.


An experimental study into generation and sustainment of near-atmospheric pressure laser sustained plasmas (LSPs) of argon and Ar-CO2 mixtures, under varying flow conditions, has been conducted. The plasmas were generated and sustained using a 2 kW CO2 laser in a coaxial Ar/Ar-CO2 flow. Optical emission spectroscopy was used to map both the excitation and electron temperatures of the plasma, utilizing relative line and line to continuum intensity techniques. The electron density was measured from the Stark broadening of the Halpha line. A high speed CCD camera was used to image the plasma. The plasma size and shape were found to vary with the gas flow velocity. Threshold flow rates for generation and sustainment of the LSP were established. The addition of CO2 to the gas mixture quenched the plasma resulting in lower electron densities. The laser-sustained plasma comprised a plasma core surrounded by a hot gas envelope. Ar-CO2 LSP had a similar shape to that of the Ar plasma with a larger hot gas envelope. An inverted funnel type of flow developed at the bottom of the plasma for Ar-CO2 plasma at lower flow rates. This study of the composition and flow structure of LSPs will assist in understanding gas phase chemistry and spatial distributions of species concentrations. This will aid design and development of near-atmospheric pressure deposition process for hard coatings such as carbides and diamonds.


A 1 (TO) phonons and OH (cid:2) absorption spectra of Zn-doped lithium niobate crystals were measured by Raman and infrared spectroscopies at room temperature. Zn doping concentrations are from 0 to 8.1mol.%. The characterizations of A 1 (TO)-phonon lineshapes and OH (cid:2) absorption bands as a function of Zn concentration were carried out. The results revealed from Raman and OH (cid:2) absorption analyses show consistency in the changes of phonon lineshapes and OH (cid:2) absorption bands. The spectra revealed three different stages of Zn substitution. Based on the Li-vacancy model, the proposed Zn substitution mechanism is: (i) below 5.3mol.%, Zn atoms replace Li atoms and the total number of Li vacancies is reduced; (ii) from 5.3 to 7.5mol.% doping, Zn atoms still replace Li atoms but the number of vacancies increases; (iii) above 7.5mol.% doping, Zn atoms start to replace Nb atoms. [DOI: 10.1143/JJAP.42.6234]


Advancements within human–robot interaction generate increasing opportunities for proximate, goal-directed joint action (GDJA). However, robot errors are common and researchers must determine how to mitigate them. In this article, we examine how expectations for robot functionality affect people's perceptions of robot reliability and trust for a robot that makes errors. Here 35 participants (n = 35) performed a collaborative banner-hanging task with an autonomous mobile manipulator (Toyota HSR). Each participant received either a low- or high-functionality framing for the robot. We then measured how participants perceived the robot's reliability and trust prior to, during, and after interaction. Functionality framing changed how robot errors affected participant experiences of robot behavior. People with low expectations experienced positive changes in reliability and trust after interacting with the robot, while those with high expectations experienced a negative change in reliability and no change in trust. The low-expectation group also showed greater trust recovery following the robot's first error compared to the high group. Our findings inform human–robot teaming through: (1) identifying robot presentation factors that can be employed to facilitate trust calibration and (2) establishing the effects of framing, functionality, and the interactions between them to improve dynamic models of human–robot teaming.


The method to evaluate the grade of the pork based on hyperspectral imaging techniques was studied. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the hyperspectral image data to extract the principal components which were used as the inputs of the evaluation model. By comparing the different discriminating rates in the calibration set and the validation set under different information, the choice of the components can be optimized. Experimental results showed that the classification evaluation model was the optimal when the principal of component (PC) of spectra was 3, while the corresponding discriminating rate was 89.1% in the calibration set and 84.9% in the validation set. It was also good when the PC of images was 9, while the corresponding discriminating rate was 97.2% in the calibration set and 91.1% in the validation set. The evaluation model based on both information of spectra and images was built, in which the corresponding PCs of spectra and images were used as the inputs. This model performed very well in grade classification evaluation, and the discriminating rates of calibration set and validation set were 99.5% and 92.7%, respectively, which were better than the two evaluation models based on single information of spectra or images.


The concept of the detailed list of the amount of the project and list of calculation are introduced.THe differences between traditional ration calculation and list calculation are illustrated,the meaning of carrying out the list calculation is expounded,and the characteristics of the norms of the list calculation of the amount of the construction project are summarized.


A 23-year-old man presented to our clinic with acute left-sided numbness for one week. He had been given a diagnosis of lymphoma as a child and had been in remission for more than 10 years. The neurologic examination showed decreased sensation to pinprick over the left side of the patient's face