Objective:To observe the effect of probucol combined with olmesartan on diabetic kidney disease of stageⅢ.Methods:A total of 78patients of diabetic kidney disease of stageⅢ were involved in this study and randomly divided into olmesartan group(groupA,n=26),probucolgroup(group B,n=26)and probucol combined with olmesartan group(group C,n=26)according to the different treatment for 12weeks.The UAER,24hUAlb,hs-CRP,ox-LDL,BUN,SCr,cys-C,TC,TG,LDL,HDL,FBG,HbA1c,ALT,AST,and blood pressure(SBP and DBP)before and after treatment were measured and compared between the three groups.Results:①No significant difference was found in these indices between the three groups before treatment(P0.05).②After 12-week treatment,in group A,the UAER,24hUAlb,hs-CRP,ox-LDL,SBP,and DBP showed obvious changes(P0.05or P0.01);In group B,the UAER,24 hUAlb,hs-CRP,ox-LDL,TC,TG,LDL,HDL showed obvious changes(P0.05or P 0.01);In group C,the UAER,24hUAlb,hs-CRP,ox-LDL,TC,TG,LDL,HDL,SBP,and DBP showed obvious changes(P0.05or P0.01).③After 12-week treatment,UAER and 24 hUAlb between group A and B showed no significant difference(P0.05).The blood pressure in group A was significantly lower than in group B(P0.05),TC,TG,LDL,HDL,hs-CRP,and ox-LDL were lower in group B than in group A(P0.05or P0.01).But the indices UAER,24hUAlb,hs-CRP,and ox-LDL in group C were significantly lower than in groups A and B(all P0.01).Conclusion:Olmesartan or probucol alone can decrease the levels of hsCRP,ox-LDL,UAER,and 24hUAlb in diabetic kidney disease of stageⅢ,and combination of olmesartan and probucol has more renal-protection effect.


Racial and socioeconomic disparities in morbidity and mortality have been apparent virtually as long as health statistics have been collected. In the United States, African Americans in particular fare worse than the majority population on nearly all measures of health, including infant mortality; life expectancy; cancer, heart disease, stroke, and trauma incidence and mortality; and self-rated health status. Individuals with low levels of educational attainment and income also tend to experience higher rates of illness and death, independent of race. Over the past several decades, though the U.S. population as a whole has enjoyed substantial declines in morbidity and mortality—largely due to better living conditions, public health measures, and advances in medical care—racial and socioeconomic disparities have persisted or even widened. Eliminating these disparities has become a national priority. It is 1 of the 2 primary objectives of the nation's public health agenda and is the central focus of the recently established National Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities within the National Institutes of Health. Progress, however, has been slow. Most importantly, our understanding of the causes of health disparities remains limited. Race and socioeconomic status (SES) cannot themselves be thought of as causes. Both are composite concepts whose meanings are, in and of themselves, elusive. Race was originally formulated as a way of distinguishing human subpopulations with supposedly different genetic origins. Intermarriage and globalization and the findings of cross-national and genomic studies, however, have all diminished the likelihood that genetic differences account for the majority of the observed racial disparities in health. More likely, these disparities are due to social determinants. Race and SES are defining characteristics in our society. They segregate us into separate spheres and influence our opportunities and experiences. As such, they help determine our access to financial resources, our position in social hierarchies, the cultural lens through which we view the world, and the way we are treated by others (Fig. 1). Altering these aspects of race and SES will require major social and political change, which, in our incrementally oriented system, seems unlikely to occur in the near future. It is useful, then, to look at how these social implications of race and ethnicity affect health outcomes. A growing body of research suggests several ''proximate'' causes, i.e., those that directly result in differential morbidity and mortality: cumulative stress (or ''allostatic load''), access to medical care, environmental exposures, and health behaviors. Reducing the impact of race and SES on these proximate causal factors may be the key to reducing and eliminating health disparities. It is critical, then, to understand the pathways between the root and proximate causes of health disparities. For instance, while it is fairly obvious how limited financial resources restrict access to medical care, it is less clear why race is associated with limited access independent of income and health insurance coverage. Likewise, how lower social position and greater social inequality contribute to psychological stress is not well understood. Some research has pointed to self-efficacy and locus of control as potentially important mediating factors. Social and community support may also play a role. Intuitively, a more ''culturally competent'' health care system and health and social policies aimed at greater social justice might improve matters as well. Several articles in this issue of JGIM suggest that enhancing health literacy may be another important pathway to reducing health disparities. Studying a population of community-dwelling elders, Sudore et al. found that low literacy was associated with higher mortality. They also found that African Americans, individuals with less than a high-school education, and people with low income had higher mortality and were much more likely than others to have low literacy. Although their analyses did not directly address whether accounting for literacy reduced the associations of race and SES with mortality, back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that African Americans with adequate literacy had mortality rates similar to whites. The same appears true for people with low education and income levels. In 2 other studies, Howard et al. and Sentell and Halpin directly examined low literacy as a possible mediator of health disparities. Both groups found that disparities in health status by both race and educational attainment were attenuated and in some cases eliminated after accounting for literacy. The robustness of all of these findings is amplified by the fact that the 3 studies included populations across a wide age range and each used a different instrument to measure literacy. These findings raise the alluring possibility that improving literacy may be an effective mechanism to reduce health disparities. Alluring because low literacy may be remediable through simple interventions rather than radical social change. The promise of improving literacy as a means to


Different structures of polyether modified silicone defoamers were prepared by polyhydrosilicone oil, allyl alcohol polyether and allyl polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene methylether, using chloroplatinic acid as the catalyst. The chemical structure was characterized by infrared spectrum(IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance(1HNMR). The results of single factor experiments showed that under the conditions of 95 ℃, 7 h, and catalyst dosage of 20μg/g, the Si—H conversion rate could reach 93.6%. When the molar ratio of allyl alcohol polyether and allyl polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene methylether was 4∶1, the surface tension of modified silicone oil aqueous solution was 28.6 mN/m and the cloud point achieved 24 ℃. The modified silicone oil was used as defoamer and the defoaming performance were tested.


Prey should balance cost and benefits when deciding optimal refuge use. In ectotherms, such as lizards, body temperature can decrease in cold refuges, which has negative effects on physiological and locomotor performance. Thus, refuge use of ectotherms should be influenced by the thermal environment as well as by the body size-dependent thermal inertia of each individual. We simulated predator attacks to Schreiber's Green lizards (Lacerta schreiberi) and analyzed their refuge use. Results indicated that temperatures outside and inside a refuge had opposite effects on refuge use decisions. Thus, when initial external temperatures were higher and lizards had higher thermal inertia, lizards could spend longer times inside refuges before reaching a 'critical' low body temperature. However, when refuge temperature was low lizards did not decrease refuge use. If low refuge temperatures increased risk upon emerging because lizards had lower escape performance, lizards would need to compensate by remaining in a refuge for longer to scan the surroundings before emerging to ensure that the risk of a new attack decreased. Therefore, when deciding refuge use, L. schreiberi lizards seem to consider physiological costs of being at low temperatures and also the risk of emerging with low escape performance.


In this work, we describe the design and study of a novel electrochemical microsensor integrated with electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) microfluidic chip for automatic, rapid and microscale detection. The microsensor was based on the parallel plate EWOD chip. The pretreatment of microliter analyte including dispensing, transporting, mixing and colleting was realized mainly by EWOD electrodes on the bottom plate. The top plate consists of the ground wires for EWOD microfluidics and an on-chip electrochemical cell with gold three-electrode system. The structure and fabrication process were optimized to improve the reliability and stability of integrated chip. The chip can simultaneously realize multifunctional manipulation and online electrochemical detection for reagent droplets. It shows a wide linear range of 10.0 μM-1.0 mM ferrocenemethanol (FcM). The sensitivity of anodic and cathodic peak current was about 5.47 nA/μM (R2=0.99994) and 5.21 nA/μM (R2=0.99904), respectively. This work shows a great promise for microliter biosensing based on smart microfluidic unit and integrated electrochemical cell in the future.


People demand more efficient road vehicles by the effect of global climate change and increasing the fuel prices. The road vehicles must be obtained with much more performance pertaining within the standard rules. The reduction of drag coefficient is a major target in the industries of automobiles due to its inter-relation with the reduction of fuel consumption. The fuel economy is major concern in the development of automobiles, for the resources of energy conservation and global environment protection. The drag force reduction is a necessary process in road vehicle aerodynamics for the improvement of fuel consumption and also driving performance of the vehicles. In the present scenario, there are plenty of software tool packages that made it easy for the students, engineers and the designers to display the concepts and to describe an idea of imagination in better sense and quality. In this research paper an attempt is made to study the Aerodynamic properties on passenger car model, the Sedan. The attention is paid only to the exterior design and interior is not modeled. The part modeling is done in CATIA V5 R19 which is a backbone tool used for product development processes in industries. Analysis is performed on this model at various speeds such as 60 kmph, 80 kmph, 130kmph and 165kmph. The study is focused on the coefficients and forces in case of lift, side and drag, velocity streamlines and turbulent flows. The ANSYS CFX 15.0 which is a commercial CFD tool used for the analysis. The main source of air resistance of this model is drag which is to reduce it for better fuel consumption. The Numerical calculations have been carried. This work gives the brief idea about aerodynamic properties of Passenger car which seems to be simple automobile design. The research work fetched in geometrical corrections and improvement of aerodynamics to develop a new model which might achieve a better fuel economy


A study was made of the nematode fauna of two small mangrove swamps and adjacent sandy beaches on Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef (Australia). Species diversity of the different sampling sites was compared and the degree of affinity of the nematode fauna was established.


This chapter explores how an ongoing collaboration between a local university and an educational district within Queensland, Australia, has assisted educational professionals to better address the requirements of students with disabilities to transition successfully from high school to adulthood. The collaboration was a response to federal data that identified poor outcomes for students with disabilities and provided funding to improve these outcomes through school and system capacity-building. In Australia, there is a paucity of research into transition-focused education and postschool outcomes, a lack of research and technical assistance centers, poor professional preparation and development for teaching staff, and poor systemic structures to support this student population at school and in their early adult life. The study outlined here addresses this lack of research on school to adulthood transitions for students with disabilities and offers an example of implementing recommended practice to support transitions.


B-type natriuretic peptide is a neurohormone secreted in the cardiac ventricles. BNP levels are elevated in patients with ventricular dysfunction. Therefore, the concentration of BNP is important factor to reflect diagnosis and prognosis for cardiovascular disease. In this respect, anti-BNP scFv is an urgent requirement for early diagnosis in the field of biosensor. Herein, the genetic codes of anti-BNP scFv were chemically synthesized and cloned into both pET22b (+) and pColdⅣ vector, respectively. The recombinant scFv was successfully expressed as a functional form in cytoplasm of E. coli and detected through Western blot and ELISA. The highest level of functional expression of anti-BNP scFv was achieved using pET22b (+) vector at 15℃ by addition of 0.1 mM IPTG. Additionally, being exposed to both BNP and ANP, anti-BNP scFv specifically captured only BNP. Therefore, anti-BNP scFv expressed in this study will be applied to measure the concentration of BNP as a diagnostic recognition molecule.


Cultural traits play a significant role in the determination of economic outcomes and institutions. This paper presents evidence from laboratory experiments on the cultural integration of individuals of Chinese ethnicity in Australia, focusing on social preferences, preferences for competition, and risk attitudes. We show that the greater the share of education an individual receives in the West, the more they behave like Western subjects and the less they behave according to the norms of their Eastern heritage. Increased exposure to Western education has a strong negative impact on altruism, trust, and trustworthiness. For risk and competitive preferences, our results are gender-specific. These results have important implications for policy making and institution building in multi-cultural societies.


Although programs that promote the use of designated drivers (DDs) have been widely characterized as a very promising means of reducing alcohol-impaired driving, they have also been criticized. Apart from a lack of rigorous evaluations of their effectiveness, probably the most common criticism is that Designated Driver Programs (DDPs) encourage excessive alcohol consumption. The supposition is that, because the drinkers in the designated driver's group know they have safe transportation home, they drink more (much more) than they otherwise would. The short term, potential negative outcomes for the DD's companions include alcohol-related injuries, such as falls or pedestrian traffic injuries, that might occur before or after they arrive home. It has also been suggested that use of DDs can contribute to the development of alcohol problems or abuse by the DDs' companions, though a direct link would require regular, long term use of a DD and corresponding excessive drinking. The usual argument is that promotion and use of DDs condones excessive drinking, reinforcing norms and attitudes that, in turn, contribute to alcohol abuse. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 893732.


Based on the structural principle of the infrared detection technology and the temperature measure of rotary wheel. First of all, the type of infrared thermometer is selected according to the practical request of low or high temperature measure of rotary wheel disc. And then, the same point temperature of the turbine wheel disc of an engine is measured through infrared thermometer and thermoelectric couple in the heating status, and the measure results are compared, which dictates that the infrared thermometric system could achieve an upper detection precision and satisfy the practical engineering request.


This is an experimental study of the local heat transfer rate at tubes located in various rows (first through fifth) of a heat exchanger bundle (corridor type) with cross-flow of an air stream at high Re numbers. The drag coefficient for the entire bundle was also investigated. 11 figs.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of receivables, liquidity, solvability, and company size on the financial performance of food and beverages companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.
The data used in this study is the 2013-2016 financial report. The technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. The sample chosen using purposive sampling technique, so that the number of observations used in this study is 44 companies.
The results of this study indicate that liquidity has an effect on financial performance, while accounts receivable turnover, solvency, and firm size have no effect on financial performance .
Keywords: Accounts receivable turnover, liquidity, solvency, firm size, financial performance


In this paper, we investigate whether the money multiplier process has a stable or forecastable characteristics in Turkish economy. Our estimation results point out that the processes leading to the money supply definitions over the base money indicates an unstable characteristics also decreasing the effectiveness of monetary policies applied by monetary authority. Besides, the sub-components of money multipliers give no support to a stable money multiplier process, thus do not support the Monetarist explanations in conduct of the monetary policy.


With the acceleration of China's urbanization,the group of college student is increasingly taking a significant position in this process. But these problems,such as environmental deterioration,housing difficulties, traffic jams caused by the rapid expansion of city,have brought many negative influences and harms to the flow of college student group,which not only block their pioneering enthusiasm but also lower their sense of stability. In view of this,we present some countermeasures as follows: constructing the rising channels,perfecting the low-rent housing systems,lowering the pioneering conditions,strengthening college student's social security,promoting the healthy urbanization and realizing the equalization of public service.


Abstract The starting point of this article is an investigation into what kind of processes take place when the triggers for public debate enter the public sphere via the arts (rather than, say, via politics or current events). The research examines the print media's role as a vehicle for transmitting certain issues into the public sphere, and thus generating discussion. Understanding the process of how complex statements about important contemporary issues, which are formulated in cultural products like music, feed into public debate through the media (in this particular case, the debates that take place as a result of the representation and mediatisation of the music of the Afrikaans punk rock band Fokofpolisiekar) is the stated aim of this research. A secondary result of the research is that the South African media are, ultimately, fragmented by language and demographic, and that these fragmentations manifest in different renderings of the media's role as an agenda-setter and gatekeeper.


This chapter discusses the film Blood and Black Lace (6 donne per l'assassino) that has become a cult movie over the years. It mentions how many young cinephiles became aware of the film in the 1980s via the opening sequence of the Matador film in 1986 by Pedro Almodóvar. It also talks about the fruition of a genre film through the filter of a thought-provoking auteur such as Almodóvar, who summed up the most obvious elements of an erotic mise-en scène of death with a paradoxical commentary through the protagonist's sexual arousal. The chapter describes the influence of Blood and Black Lace on foreign cinema, such as the film "Halloween" in 1978 by John Carpenter that reinvents Mario Bava's expressionless, ubiquitous, and mute assassin into a new icon. It also cites the 1984 film A Nightmare on Elm Street that features a murderer wearing a lethal razorblade glove which recalls the spiked weapon seen in Bava's film.


Two new species of commensal shrimps of the palaemonid genus Periclimenes Costa were found in waters of North Nilandu Atoll, the Maldive Islands. The new species, P. brucei and P. zevinae spp. n., are described and illustrated. A great majority of palaemonid shrimp species excluding some free-living forms, are obligatory associated with various marine invertebrates. The genus Periclimenes COSTA, 1844. represented in 'the Indo-West Pacific by more than ;>tte hudred species, associates with the largest spectrum of hosts from which the dominant position is occupied by scleractinian corals. Our work presents i contribution to the knowledge of shrimps associated with corals of another systematic group — the anitipatharian "'black corals". Some large branches of Antipathes sp. and A. dichotoma were lifted by divers during the IX-th cruise of Soviet R'V "Akademik Petrovskii" in Maldive waters, Indian Ocean, from depths about 50 m. Two specimens of the genus Periclimenes from the collection are described here as holotype of two new species. The holotypes are deposited in the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University (ZMMSU), Moscow. U.S.S.R.


The globalized economy is entering a difficult period of technological transformation in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Studies of leading international organizations (UNIDO, UNCTAD, WEF) on the conceptual directions of technological change and the readiness of different countries around the world for future changes have shown their significant stratification. The main drivers of future production are: "technology and innovation," "human capital," "global trade," "investment," "institutional environment" and "financial resources." Ukraine has been identified as an "immature" country, i.e. one that is not ready for future technological changes and needs increased attention to the transformation of the institutional environment, technology and innovation, access to finance, industrial structure, and so on. The "immaturity" of the Ukrainian economy is due to the crisis of investment activity in 2010-2021, when the share of capital investment in GDP averaged only 15.5%. The structure of foreign and capital investments by type of industrial activity is dominated by investments in low-tech industries. The share of foreign and capital investment in education and health care does not exceed 1–1.5% of the total, which in the medium term may reduce the quality of human capital. Given the outlined trends in the medium term in Ukraine there is a high probability of forming a "divergence trap" of technological development with global trends in the formation of the digital economy and Industry 4.0. In view of this, Ukraine needs to intensify state regulation in the field of investment, develop its own unique strategy for future production and economic transformation. At the same time, a double approach is possible: with the transition of some industries to the latest paradigm of technological growth, and others to the modernization of traditional technologies.


A nonlinear system determines the quality of power under closed and open control. An issue with power is overcome by a three-phase DC/AC embedded DC/DC ZETA converter with proposed Hysteresis Current Controller (HCC). In this proposed system, personal computers are operated in order to record harmonic generation. The ZETA converter provides a ripple-free power supply. Harmonic errors is being reduced using the Hysteresis Current Controller, which is derived from switching signals of an inverter. The device has been designed using HCC through Proportional Integral (PI) controller. The proposed system is modelled and simulated by using MATLAB Simulink software. The harmonic values were noted and comparative study is performed.


This small scale study examined the function and frequency of verbal interaction between adults and children within pre-school settings. A range of data collection methods were utilised to ascertain whether practitioners listened to children's views and encouraged dialogue and discourse inclusively. A mixed methodology design was chosen to enable effective data collection and analysis. Data collection methods were piloted before the main study to test for suitability and effectiveness. Provision in three sample settings was examined. Research literature relating to verbal interaction was reviewed. The study concluded that practitioners were well-qualified and versed in the philosophy of child-directed play, but were preoccupied with product-based activities to the detriment of effective verbal interactions with children. The study recommended methods for raising awareness among practitioners in order to improve the quality of interaction and dialogue within pre-school settings. These methods included a programme of self- and peer-evaluation, further training and visits to other early years settings.


such as Flickr and YouTube and blogs, which support usergenerated content, enabling people to create and share text, graphics, photos, and videos. But for the most part, Web 2.0 does not include interactive content. People interact with Web-based animations and games all the time, but few people can create and share their own interactive content. The Scratch project [1] from MIT Media Lab aims to change that, making it easy for everyone, especially children and teens, to create and share interactive stories, games, and animations on the Web, in the participatory spirit of Web 2.0. With the Scratch programming environment [2], users snap together graphical programming blocks to control the actions and interactions of rich media content, including photos, graphics, music, and sound. Then they upload their interactive creations to the shared Scratch website, where other members of the Scratch community can interact with the projects on the site and download the original source code to examine or modify the project [3]. The Scratch website offers an alternate model for how children Empowering Kids to Create and Share Programmable Media


Background/Context: Increasingly, K–12 students are seeking to influence educational policies that directly affect their lives. As student intervention in policy increases, it is important to understand the composition of these groups and how they seek to exercise power and influence over policymakers. Purpose: This study sought to examine how two state-level student voice groups for policy change sought equitable representation in their composition. As student voice groups expand beyond school, city, or district level groups to focus on state- and national-level advocacy, the character of their composition takes on additional importance as they claim to speak on behalf of larger numbers of students. Setting: This study draws on interview, document analysis, and observation data from two student voice groups working to influence state-level legislative action on K–12 educational policy. Research Design: We combine secondary data analysis of data from state-level student voice groups with elements of duoethnography to explore how participants thought about, strived for, and fell short of equitable intra- group representation. Findings: We found that the members of both groups were personally committed to equity both in terms of group composition and advocacy. Additionally, group members had structures and policies—such as remote access and low barriers to entry—that encourage equitable representation. Participants reported a relational climate of inclusion. Despite these assets, outcomes were mixed: the groups successfully achieved racial and ethnic proportionality with the state, but remained predominantly urban and able- bodied in their composition. Conclusion: Despite the groups' best efforts, group members' challenges with distributed recruitment and emphasis on certain skills such as public speaking limited equitable outcomes in representation. This research makes clear that who is involved in the group at the outset and their network will shape representation. It also indicates that although technology can lower barriers to entry, it is not a panacea. Finally, this research reinforces the notion that students engage in self-policing of the group in order to gain greater legitimacy in the eyes of policymakers.


Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of NT- proBNP on heart failure in patients with old myocardial infarction( OMI). Methods 250 patients with OMI admitted to our hospital from May 2010 to May 2013 were divided into non heart failure group( NYHA class I,158 cases) and heart failure group( NYHA class Ⅱ- Ⅳ,92 cases). The level of NT- proBNP between two groups were compared. Results The level of NT- proBNP in heart failure group was higher than that of non heart failure group,and increased with NYHA class( P 0. 01). Conclusion NT- proBNP is a valuable parameter in diagnosing heart failure in patients with OMI.


An end-of-century critique of the political and economic assumptions underlying five decades of international development assistance conceives it as a system of structural violence that prevented the people of Africa from realising post-colonial self-reliance. New impoverishment through neo-liberal democratisation and the conditionalities attached to structural adjustment, is reducing the quality of life through cuts in hard won economic, social and educational opportunity and their liberatory potential. Moving beyond schooling for sub-ordinate roles in the new society is the current conceptualisation of humans as depoliticised resources interfacing the machines of capitalist enterprise. This links to aid inspired capacity-building initiatives, which undermine the abilities of organisations and states to sustain essential routines and initiate indigenous innovation. At the same time, the victims of colonial and neo-colonial oppression, particularly women and peasants, as victims of other people's progess ...


In recent times, film tourism has become one of the fastest-growing niche tourism segments in the world. Many films and audiovisual works analyse various representations of social life including the poverty and degradation of the poorest urban areas of the developing world. Films are seen as being responsible for the increased interest in the favela in Brazil, the townships of South Africa, and the slums in India. The development of the favela into a tourist destination is seen as part of the so-called reality tour phenomenon and of the global circulation of the favela as a trademark. This paper evaluates poverty representations that induced tourism in developing countries. Our selection is drawn primarily from popular films that have been influential in the global north such as City of God (2002) and Slumdog Millionaire (2008).


Background and Objective: The comorbidity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension may exacerbate chronic inflammation and regular exercise training considered as an important therapeutic approach for such patients. This study was done to evaluate the eight weeks effects of regular exercise training on apelin and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-  ) plasma levels in hypertensive postmenopausal women with T2DM. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 20 postmenopausal women with hypertension and T2DM. Subjects non-randomlly allocated into intervention and control groups. Training program consisted of 25-40 minutes of aerobic exercise at 50-70 percent of maximal heart rate, 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. The plasma level of apelin, TNF-  and glucose was measured, subsequently. Results: 8 weeks exercise training was significantly reduced apelin, TNF-  , and glucose levels in the intervention group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Aerobic exercise can mediate some of its favorable effects on hypertension pathological conditions associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus by reducing plasma apelin and TNF-  levels.


The tools of dynamical systems theory are having an increasing impact on our understanding of patterns of neural activity. In these five lectures I will describe how to build tractable tissue level models that maintain a strong link with biophysical reality. These models typically take the form of nonlinear integro-differential equations. Their non-local nature has led to the development of a set of analytical and numerical tools for the study of spatio-temporal patterns, based around natural extensions of those used for local differential equation models. I present an overview of these techniques, covering Turing instability analysis, amplitude equations, and travelling waves in both homogeneous and heterogeneous models. The last lecture discusses the spiking Lighthouse model of Haken, and advocates this as a tractable model that may allow for the development of an exactly soluble neurodynamics that goes beyond the standard mean field approach. Lecture 1: Tissue level firing rate models with axo-dendritic connections I – Turing instability analysis Lecture 2: Tissue level firing rate models with axo-dendritic connections II – Amplitude equations – Brain wave equations Lecture 3: Travelling waves and localised states – Construction and stability (Evans functions) – Interface dynamics Lecture 4: Waves in random neural media Lecture 5: Tissue level spiking models: the dynamics of the continuum Lighthouse model


The reattribution to Antoine Watteau of The Italian Comedians acquired by the Getty Museum in 2012 prompts reconsideration of that artist's many renderings of Pierrot—a character he saw performed as a dim-witted bumbler in early eighteenth-century productions. When, in the following century, Pierrot was recast as forlorn, Watteau's best-known portrayal of him (now in the Louvre) was retroactively reread as both the prototypical sad clown—forebear to those of Honoré Daumier and Théodore de Banville—and a projection of its maker's malaise. Continued allegiance to these anachronistic assumptions unduly constrains imaginative engagement with the multidimensional Pierrots of Watteau's open-ended oeuvre.


Could there have been a connection between differences (if any) in the conceptions of time and history characteristic of China and the West, and the fact that modern science and technology arose only in the latter civilisation? The argument set up by many philosophical writers consists of two parts, first the supposed demonstration that Christian culture was much more historically minded that any other, and secondly the view that this was ideologically favourable to the growth of the modern natural sciences at the Renaissance and the scientific revolution.


The paper aims to report our study on the failure probability prediction of the aircraft engine borescope inspection based on the cognitive reliability and error analysis method(CREAM).As is known,aircraft engine borescope inspection has long been a practice in aviation maintenance.In doing such inspections,key factors that may affect the results of borescope inspection are the quality of the repair and maintenance staff,the working environment,the equipment management,the technical data and so on.Inappropriate inspection and maintenance are likely to cause serious consequences and huge economic losses.Therefore,it is important to analyze and forecast the failure probability of engine borescope inspection timely,scientifically and effectively.However,reference literatures can hardly be found on how to raise the reliability of maintenance staff and improve on the failure probability prediction at home.As a method,CREAM keeps stressing the impact of the environment and working conditions on the performance and behavior of the staff members and discussing the mechanism and probability of human error from the point of view of cognitive psychology.For this actual need,CREAM has been introduced into the failure probability study of aircraft engine borescope inspection innovatively in strict correspondence with the characteristic features of the aircraft engine borescope inspection practice as well as the psychological and cognitive activities of the inspection workers.Starting from this urgent need,we have established the corresponding implementation system of the inspection with the corresponding operation steps.Based on the analysis of the cognitive activities and cognitive functions,we have defined the general performance conditions and weights in accordance with the actual situation of the inspection practice.On the basis of the analysis of the borescope inspection features,it is necessary to make clear the cognitive functions,including observation,interpretation,and implementation of the inspection the staff have to deal with.They have also to identify the main failure modes,such as the diagnosis error,identification error and implementation error.Besides,the inspection workers have also to identify the failure probability interval and the exact value of failure probability on the basis of common performance condition assessment and the cognitive function failure fuzzy probability.Taking the specific situation as a target,the evaluation should be done over the general performance conditions and the weights concerned as to the implementation system.Nevertheless,among all the things to be done,the cognitive control mode of the engine borescope inspection is strategic by nature,with the failure interval(0.001,0.1) being identified.While the cognitive functions involve observation,interpretation,execution,the failure modes include failure diagnosis,error identification,and the action mode error.And,last of all,the final failure probability has been worked out as 0.061 5.Thus,the relevant analysis results we have gained help to provide a general guide for borescope inspection staff and safety management officers of the airlines and independent maintenance entities.


Women in television commercials are all very beautiful, dashing, and relaxed, and display much poise. They are "constant guests and companions" at dinners and banquets, they enjoy the "high-quality comforts" of modern apartments, they live in surroundings of "exciting elegance," their expensive cosmetics guarantee that "the sooner you use them the younger you look," and they use miracle medicines that "clear up your problems with one single dose or application."


In this article, a spatial learning-based fault-tolerant control strategy is proposed for precise lateral tracking of autonomous vehicles subject to dynamical uncertainties, external disturbances as well as actuator failures. In order to facilitate the controller design, the uncertain vehicle dynamics are firstly transformed into a parametric form in the space domain, where the system uncertainties are reorganized and combined into the parametric and input distribution uncertainties. Furthermore, considering the under-actuated property of the vehicle dynamics, a novel technique in dealing with the non-square input distribution matrix is employed, in which a pseudo-like inverse matrix and a robust term are introduced into the controller to compensate the mismatch between the number of inputs and outputs. Then the proposed spatial learning-based fault tolerant control algorithm is developed, which is equipped with two adaptive parametric updating laws to estimate the parametric uncertainties and the multiplicative actuator faults correspondingly. Consequently, the convergence of the control algorithm is analyzed rigorously under the framework of composite energy function. Case studies verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.


ABSTRACT Examining the understudied collection of costume images from Heidelberg Calvinist, lawyer, and church councillor Marcus zum Lamm's (1544–1606) 'treasury' of images, the Thesaurus Picturarum, this article intervenes in the historiography on sixteenth-century German national imaginaries, emphasizing the import of costume books and manuscript alba for national self-fashioning. By bringing late sixteenth-century ethnographic costume image collections into scholarly discourse on the variegated ways of conceiving and visualizing Germany and Germanness over the century, this article sheds new light on a complex narrative of continuity and change in the history of German nationhood and identity. Using zum Lamm's images as a case-study, this article stresses the importance of incorporating costume image collections into a nexus of patriotic genres, including works of topographical-historical, natural philosophical, ethnographic, cartographic, cosmographic, and genealogical interest. Furthermore, it calls for historians working on sixteenth-century costume books and alba to look deeper into the meanings of such images and collections in the specific contexts of their production; networks of knowledge and material exchange; and – in the German context – the political landscape of territorialization, confessionalization, and dynastic ambition in the Holy Roman Empire between the Peace of Augsburg and the Thirty Years War (1555–1618).


Photosynthetic processes in mature and senescent leaves of chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) have been compared. With age, leaf photosynthetic pigments viz. chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids, and rate of 14°C fixation were considerably affected. Analysis of δ 13 C, and short term photosynthetic products showed no major change in the path of photosynthetic carbon fixation. Study of long term photosynthetic 14 C assimilation revealed that in old senescent leaves, 14 C incorporation into organic acid and sugar fractions was enhanced.


We investigate the circular photogalvanic effect (CPGE) excited by sub-bandgap radiation in a GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As two dimensional electron gas and tune its amplitude by synchronously imposing an above-bandgap unpolarized light at normal incidence. With this photo-modulation technique, we identify two microscopic mechanisms of CPGE according to the dramatic change of apparent Rashba and Dresselhaus effects. We suggest the optical transitions to be Franz-Keldysh and intraband regime, respectively. Both regimes coexist in conventional CPGE and the intraband regime dominates at sufficient modulation power.


Unilateral pulmonary artery agenesis (UPAA) is an uncommon congenital anomaly and most patients present in neonatal period with respiratory symptoms. Left-sided pulmonary artery agenesis is less frequent than right-sided. We report a patient who presented with hemoptysis and bronchial dilatation. The diagnosis of UPAA was made.


A numerical model for the proposed GTE GaAs space experiment is presented. The model includes the actual ampule design and the experimentally obtained furnace thermal profiles. Results are presented based on both the traditional steady-state models and on fully time dependent simulations. It is demonstrated that the commonly presumed axisymmetric flows in numerical studies are physically accurate only when the local gravitational acceleration vector is parallel to the ampules's axis. Other gravitational orientations result in nontrivial three-dimensional flows which must be resolved using full three-dimensional models. Implications of the resulting flow and thermal fields on the growing crystal at conditions available during space processing are also discussed.


In this paper, an IMT-2000 driving amplifier MMIC with variable gain amplifier (VGA) to linearly controlled output gain is designed, fabricated and analyzed. The driving amplifier (which is composed of three stages, the middle stage gain is 40 dB which is provided by cascaded junction of the three stages) is realized. We have designed a stable and reliable output stage driving amplifier for the KT IMT-2000 handset, and realized the following improved features: 3.5 times bandwidth, 15 dBm output power, 25/spl sim/27 dB output power gain, -15/spl sim/-20 dB VSWR, 3 dB gain flatness at the operating frequency.


This study includes 15 healthy horses and 50 horses with chronic pulmonary
 disease. After detailed examination of the lung, including endoscopy of the
 lower respiratory tract, analysis of tracheal aspirates and radiographic
 examination, the horses were grouped according to the severity of chronic
 pulmonary disease. Groups of horses were then divided into trained and
 untrained groups according to the information given by the owners.
 Horses were subjected to an exercise test and muscle enzymes were
 evaluated before and after exercise. Finally muscle biopsies were taken from the M. glutaeus medius using a
 needle biopsy and from the M. splenius using open surgical approach.
 Histopathological examinations were perfomed with different stains
 (H&E, Gomori-trichrom, NADH-TR, Acid Phosphatase, Oil Red, PAS with and
 without incubation). During light microscopic analysis several histological
 variations of skeletal muscles from horses with pulmonary disease were found.
 Variations in fiber cross section area, myofibrillar degeneration and central
 nuclei were interpreted as signs of compensative processes in the skeletal
 muscle. Necrosis and angular fibers were detected rarly. In horses with
 chronic pulmonary disease there are prominent alterations in form of
 mitochondrial hyperplasia, also called ragged red fibers.
 The determination of muscle glycogen content showed a significant
 reduction of muscle glycogen in effected horses.
 Training had no or very few effects on pathological skeletal muscle
 alterations.
 Equine chronic pulmonary disease is correlated with histopathological
 changes in skeletal muscle. Primary muscle disorders, for example exertional
 rhabdomyolysis, were ruled out on the basis of clinical examinations, laboratory
 diagnostics and muscle biopsies.
 Exercise intolerance seen in horses with chronic airway disease is not
 only due to primary pulmonary disease, but also because of changes occurring
 in skeletal muscle microstructure.


Demining and unexploded ordnance (UXO) clearance are extremely tedious and dangerous tasks. The use of robots bypasses the hazards and potentially increases the efficiency of both tasks. A first crucial step towards robotic mine/UXO clearance is to locate all the targets. This requires a path planner that generates a path to pass a detector over all points of a mine/UXO field, i.e., a planner that is complete.The current state of the art in path planning for mine/UXO clearance is to move a robot randomly or use simple heuristics. These methods do not possess completeness guarantees which are vital for locating all of the mines/UXOs. Using such random approaches is akin to intentionally using imperfect detectors. In this paper, we first overview our prior complete coverage algorithm and compare it with randomized approaches. In addition to the provable guarantees, we demonstrate that complete coverage achieves coverage in shorter time than random coverage. We also show that the use of complete approaches enables the creation of a filter to reject bad sensor readings, which is necessary for successful deployment of robots. We propose a new approach to handle sensor uncertainty that uses geometrical and topological features rather than sensor uncertainty models. We have verified our results by performing experiments in unstructured indoor environments. Finally, for scenarios where some a priori information about a minefield is available, we expedite the demining process by introducing a probabilistic method so that a demining robot does not have to perform exhaustive coverage.


e12626 Background: Screening trials are widely regarded as providing the highest level of evidence for screening policy development. However, the most cited breast screening trials were conducted d...


Polyethylene glycol 600(PEG600)was used to disperse γ-alumina nanoparticles in distilled water.Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)was carried out by using an integrated thermal analyzer.The results show that the saturated adsorption ratio for nanoparticles to PEG is about 20∶1.An U-3010 ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer was used to test the absorbency of nanofluids.The results show that the absorbency increases with increasing the amount of PEG,gets the maximum saturation adsorption ratio,then decreases gradually and eventually reaches to a stable value.


A Ph3P-catalyzed cyclization of α-halogeno ketones 2 with dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates (=dialkyl but-2-ynedioates) 3 produced halogenated α,β-unsaturated γ-butyrolactone derivatives 4 in good yields (Scheme 1, Table). The presence of electron-withdrawing groups such as halogen atoms at the α-position of the ketones was necessary in this reaction. Cyclization of α-chloro ketones resulted in higher yields than that of the corresponding α-bromo ketones. Dihalogeno ketones similarly afforded the expected γ-butyrolactone derivatives in high yields.


Environmental pollution is any undesirable change in any component of the environment may it be air, water, soil, which can cause harmful effects on various forms of life and property. World Health Organization (WHO) also ranks the problem of indoor pollution as one of the worst health risks facing the poor. The pollution can be either indoor or outdoor or both but generally people think that pollution is only outdoor or affecting the indoor environment due to the different outdoor sources. The inside environment of houses of ten has a higher level of pollutants than the outdoor surroundings. Unfortunately, indoor pollution has not been given much importance. Keeping the concern and significance of indoor pollution in mind a study was planned to assess the indoor pollution subjectively from rural and urban houses, two modified scales were used. Scales used were Physical Environment Assessment Tool (PEAT) and Environment Awareness Scale (EAS).


Investigators prospectively assessed the usefulness of two pediatric asthma assessment tools — the Preschool Respiratory Assessment Measure (PRAM) and the Pediatric Asthma Severity Score (PASS) — for predicting prolonged (≥6 hours) emergency department (ED) stay and hospital admission in a convenience sample of patients aged 18 months to 7 years …


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to trace the development of economic theory to the point where "economic rationalism" is a commonly used term.Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on earlier research and published works examining: the history of economics; economic rationalism; and the different influences in comprising basic economic concepts.Findings – The analysis of writing indicates that rationalism has been a focus of discussion in economic writing since Classical times, through to the "rational" influence in economic policy making from neoclassical economic writing. But, the specific term "economic rationalism" gained wider usage after Pusey's book. From that time, the term was used outside academia as a disparaging means to criticise economic theorists and policy makers.Research limitations/implications – The research is limited by the ability to examine all the literature in the field in greater depth. However, this has been ameliorated by examining a sufficient sample of literatur...


In this autoethnographic essay, I revisit memories from past experiences with my father in order to find new meanings that may have escaped me in the moments when we were together. These moments are times when I avoided connection with my father or when connection somehow avoided me. In an attempt to rebuild our relationship and prepare myself to be a better parent, I reframe our stories and question my creation of a fathering identity that rejects the father-son relationship I experienced. Finally, I try to reflexively look back on experiences with my father in order to heal and move forward in connecting with him.


PurposeThis paper aims to describe how one medical library implemented a new scheduling system, initiated data analysis and modified its regularly scheduled workshop program because of evidence-based decision-making. Academic libraries that struggle with workshop attendance may use this process as a model.Design/methodology/approachWorkshop registration data analysis focused on registrants' affiliation, role and location, and how registrants learned of workshops. Workshop attendance data analysis focused on which workshops, days, times of the day and months had the highest attendance. The analysis led to changes in marketing and targeted scheduling of future workshops by the time of day, day of the week and month of the year.FindingsData collected for four years, fall 2018 – summer 2022 (12 semesters), shows a steady increase in the number of people attending library workshops. The increase in attendance and ROI experienced after the changes implemented at Ruth Lilly Medical Library (RLML) is significant as libraries often struggle with attendance, marketing and return on investment when offering ongoing educational workshops.Originality/valueMany libraries offer ongoing workshops with low attendance. This article provides an example of how one library changed software and registration and implemented evidence-based decision-making related to scheduling which may have contributed to an increase in workshop attendance. Other academic libraries might consider adopting similar software and evidence-based decision-making to improve their library workshop service.


This audit aims to assess if gallstone complications can be prevented by performing an emergency cholecystectomy in acutely presenting gallstone disease. Factors taken into consideration include number of presentations to hospital before surgery, secondary admissions of pancreatitis or cholangitis, subsequent requirements of ERCP as well as complication rates of elective and emergency surgery.

 Retrospective audit looking at 387 cholecystectomies carried out, within a year, at Walsall Manor Hospital.

 Approximately 20% of patients had an emergency cholecystectomy. A total of 192 patients had at least one admission, with 17% having a minimum second. Seven patients went on to develop gallstone pancreatitis subsequently, as well as eight requiring at least a minimum of one ERCP. The complication rate in elective surgery was higher at 4.1% compared to 2.7% in emergency cases. Long waiting times for surgery put patients at greater risk of complications. 96% (26/27) of elective cholecystectomy patients, who suffered an attack of pancreatitis, had to wait more than four weeks. Furthermore, 39% (47/119) of those who had a minimum of one admission had to wait more than 20 weeks. On the other hand, three-quarters of patients who were operated in emergency went home within 48 hours, with the figures being not too dissimilar from elective cases with a history of admission (76%).

 Performing emergency cholecystectomies in the same admission or on a dedicated hot list would not only decrease the risk, but also the potential risk of developing gallstone complications.


The Fokker–Planck formalism is used to construct a statistical‐mechanical theory of the linear viscoelastic response of a colloidal dispersion of freely rotating spheres. It is assumed that the Newtonian solvent exerts random, fluctuating forces upon the solute spheres and systematic, frictional forces as well. The direct interactions among the spheres are separated into short‐ranged, hard‐core repulsions and longer‐ranged, continuous forces. This model leads to a stress tensor for the suspension of the form σ=σSS+σPP+2σhy, with σPP denoting the contribution due to the translational motions of the suspended particles (P) and their mutual interactions. The term 2σhy arises directly from the frictional, hydrodynamic interactions between the spheres and the solvent and σSS is the stress tensor of the (continuum) solvent perturbed by the presence of the solute spheres. Formulas are obtained for the linear viscoelastic moduli associated with σPP and σhy and explicit procedures are presented for computing the n...


Graphene is one of the most promising nanomaterials because of its unique combination of superb properties, which opens a way for its exploitation in a wide spectrum of applications ranging from electronics to optics, sensors, and biodevices. Inspired by recent work on Graphene of computing topological indices, here we propose new topological indices, namely, Arithmetic-Geometric index ( index), SK index, SK1 index, and SK2 index of a molecular graph and obtain the explicit formulae of these indices for Graphene.


LD10 aluminum alloy is mainly used in domestic aerospace vehicle propellant tank and mostly joined by TIG welding,and pores often appeared during fusion welding of aluminum alloy. This paper conducted TIG welding of 5. 5 mm thick LD10 aluminum alloy plates with different welding parameters and calculated the porosity in the joints. The experimental results show that LD10 aluminum alloy joints made by TIG welding were prone to high porosity. The joints produced by double-faced three-pass welding technique had a higher unqualified rate after X-ray detection,but contained fewer micro-pores in the qualified ones. And micro-pores were much more easier to form in robot automatic welding than in manual welding. Porisity of the welds was 3. 28%,2. 53%,2. 28% and 0. 9%,respectively. During tensile test,cracks often generated at the pores in joints with high porosity.


majority of the maxims in Li Bingyan's work is derived from the Sun Zi bingfa, this ancient, more than 2,000-year-old work has laid the fundament of a new branch of (military) science at the start of the 21st century. Both of these works (i.e. von Senger's book on supraplanning as well as Detweiler's thesis on Chinese military supraplanning) derived their insights from the ancient Chinese classic Sun Zi bingfa – in most instances translated as 'Sun Tzu's Art of War'. This work is widely used to this day, in China as well as abroad. In China, it heavily influences the science of military supraplanning, while in the West it is sometimes included in standard military literature; for example, it is recommended reading for staff sergeants of the US Marine Corps. In spite of the fame of this work, it is regrettable that accurate translations are scarce. This is certainly attributable to the age of the text and its shortness and largely to the ambivalence and multiplicity of meanings. Therefore, the volume by Harro von Senger is a welcome addition because it provides readers with a new and scientifically wellresearched German translation and it includes the latest research and literature by Chinese and Japanese experts on this subject. In many instances, von Senger not only alerts the reader about different possibilities of translation but also explains why he has chosen a specific version. As a matter of fact, half of this German edition of the Sun Zi bingfa consists of a detailed annex (pp. 73–143), which itself is made up of five pages of introduction to the book, which deals, among other things, with several technical aspects regarding this translation, followed by 23 pages of often lengthy but very important endnotes, a four-page-long bibliography, and finally by a 37-page-long afterword which – after dealing with questions about the authorship of this work – explains several typical features of the Sun Zi bingfa, such as its unlimited temporal scope, its this-worldliness, and its cunningness. It is especially its cunning nature that explains why the importance of this text is in no way limited to the time of its creation. In fact, this text is also a major source for what is called supraplanning. While these special mental horizons of China (i.e. supraplanning, strategemic thinking, and Sino-Marxism) are by no means restricted to the military field – within which they have regularly proved their efficacy – they are also of much value in the civilian field – in the simplest and most trivial private matters as well as in the highest domains of politics.


In this study, the levels of ischemia‐modified albumin (IMA) in pediatric oncology patients with soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) and neuroblastoma (NB) were analyzed. To date, there have been no studies concerning IMA in these groups of patients. Ninety‐nine children with STSs and NB were analyzed from 2006 to 2009, and 30 healthy children were also enrolled in the study. IMA levels were measured throughout treatment in all patients. The levels of IMA in all cancer patients (mean 116.8±39.3 U/ml), in patients with STSs (mean 119.8±27.5 U/ml), and in patients with NB (mean 114.6±36.6 U/ml) were significantly higher than in the control patients (mean 87.3±38.3 U/ml; P=0.0013, 0.0066, and 0.0164, respectively). IMA levels increased before and during the treatment compared with levels in the controls. The determination of IMA levels in pediatric oncology patients with poor prognoses from STSs and NB may play an important role in predicting response to therapy and overall outcome. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 25:255–258, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Body size and reproductive traits of Palaemon elegans Rathke, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda), a recent colonizer of the Baltic Sea Palaemon elegans is a species of prawn new (since 2000) to the southern Baltic. The aim of this study was to find out whether there are differences in the sizes of individuals and in the reproductive traits of P. elegans inhabiting different areas of the southern Baltic Sea and to compare the data obtained with existing data for populations from other coastal areas. The present study was carried out in the summers of 2005 and 2007 in three areas differing in their hydrological conditions (primarily in salinity): Puck Bay (PB), the Vistula Delta (VD) and the Vistula Lagoon (VL), Poland. The maximum body lengths of these prawns (females = 60 mm, males = 41 mm), and body masses (1201 mg and 533 mg respectively) found in the southern Baltic were less than those reported from many other parts of the geographical range of this species. The increase in body mass with length was the smallest in the prawns inhabiting VL, and the maximum lengths they grew to were also shorter (females - 52 mm and males - 39 mm) than in PB. The numbers of eggs carried by P. elegans in the southern Baltic were smaller than those found in females in its native regions. Differences were also found in the numbers and sizes of eggs between prawns inhabiting different locations in the southern Baltic. It was concluded that the low salinity of the southern Baltic Sea (even below 7 PSU), while not preventing this prawn from reproducing, caused a shift to the production of fewer but larger eggs. The reproductive strategy that Baltic populations of P. elegans has adopted is one of the factors responsible for its very rapid and large-scale colonization of the southern Baltic Sea.


To reasonably predict the snow drift hazard of expressway embankment in alpine mountainous area, in this paper, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation method is used to analyze the distribution law of flow field of snow drift, the regression orthogonal design method is used to establish the prediction model of snow drift hazard in the expressway with the embankment form. Results show that different factors have different effects on snow drift hazard, the influence of embankment slope is the largest, followed by the coupling term of embankment slope and wind speed, the wind speed, the coupling term of embankment height and embankment slope, the coupling term of the mountain relative height and embankment slope, and the embankment height, while the influence of the distance between embankment and mountain-embankment slope coupling is the smallest. Numerical simulation and field observation have confirmed that the combined action of the terrain and embankment of Yanchong expressway Chicheng branch line leads to great changes in wind speed, resulting in uneven distribution of snow. A large amount of snow can be accumulated at the foot of the leeward slope of the mountain and the windward slope of the embankment, and there is less snow on the embankment pavement. By comparing the snow drift prediction model and CFD numerical simulation results, the error of the prediction model established in this paper is only 8.67%, which has high applicability. The research of this paper can provide a theoretical reference for the prediction and prevention of snow drift hazard on expressway embankment in alpine mountainous area.


The system considered is a two-dimensional isotropic panel, or plate-column, on hinged supports, with one end spring restrained in the plane of the panel. Panel geometric nonlinearities and piston-theory aerodynamic nonlinearities are included. Results from an earlier preliminary study indicate that only two second-order nonlinear aerodynamic terms are important. The nonlinear aerodynamic terms introduce the possibility of an amplitude-sensitive instability, where the panel is unstable to disturbances of a certain magnitude but stable for smaller ones. This type of instability is examined for various panel in-plane loads and initial conditions, with other parameters having values representative of current practice. A single new interaction parameter, representing the importance of the nonlinear aerodynamic terms in comparison with the panel geometric nonlinear terms, is introduced. A parameter survey is presented, involving this parameter and the static pressure difference across the panel. Finally, the practical impact of this type of instability is discussed.


Passive radar utilizes transmissions of opportunity to detect targets and estimate targets parameters. This paper systematically presents key techniques that concern the detection of moving targets in FM broadcast-based passive radar via ambiguity function. It addresses the common problems that exist in passive coherent radar, such as system design, interference cancellation and signal processing. Among which, the idea of automatic hardware cancellation is original. The efficacy of the proposed solution is demonstrated by offline processing real collected data sets.


Purpose

Sustainability has been on the executive agenda for years and it is now one of the fastest growing supply chain management trends. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the barriers for the adoption and implementation of the sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) concept.

Design/methodology/approach

This study has been divided into two phases such as identification of barriers and qualitative analysis. First, to identify the most influential barriers, the authors offer a systematic literature review, taking 188 papers published from 2010 to November 2016 into account. The investigation phase led to the selection of 15 barriers based on the literature in consultation with industrial experts and academicians. Second, the interpretive structural modeling qualitative analysis was used to find out the mutual influences between the 15 barriers by a survey.

Findings

Further, the authors propose and illustrate the cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification analysis to test a framework that extrapolates SSCM barriers and their relationships. "Inadequate information technology implementation" has been identified as the most important barrier that may force organizations to implement SSCM practices to ensure their business sustainability.

Research limitations/implications

The authors presented some limitations in their research in some fields which could allow new researchers and practitioners to conduct the future research to grow in different dimensions.

Practical implications

Practitioners or policymakers usually are not familiar with these types of research works; that is why most of these surveys remain theoretical and conceptual. Future investigation needs to be done in practical application domain instead of merely giving opinions.

Originality/value

Based on the authors' research, the researchers have more attention to work in conceptual analysis due to other fields, but the authors believe that even with the implementation of SSCM, many remarkable areas still exist for future research which could help in development. The authors also provide more details in this paper.


We argue that a piece of paper, of thickness T and width W, can be folded a maximum number N = 0.962 ln(f W/T) times, where f is a factor of order unity, determined by mechanical constraints. N typically takes a value of around six.


Solving a multiple-valued problem means to assign values to a given set of multiple-valued variables such that certain conditions are satisfied. The solution of a multiple-valued problem is a subset of vk v-valued tuples of the length k, where k is the number of variables and v is the number of their possible values. This paper compares several approaches which solve such problems. These approaches are applied to the well-known Sudoku problem of 981-valued variables. Hence, the search space for this finite problem has a size of 981 (approximately 1.9 * 1077). We take as an example one of the most difficult Sudoku problems where 17 entries are given, the smallest number which results in a unique solution. Additionally, we remove one of these entries to get a more difficult multiplevalued problem for which a set of solutions exists. We show how the required model can be built. Several approaches and the respective solution are explained. Utilizing XBOOLE on a GPU, all 44,664 solutions of a 25-clue Sudoku were found 20 times faster than by a SAT-solver. Although the explored approaches are utilized for a special multiple-valued problem, the conclusions can also be utilized for other multiple-valued problems.


In this work we will examine the conversion of mechanical vibration into electrical energy. This is done by using a conductive fiber in close proximity to a conductive plate. In this configuration it is shown that the fiber behaves as a square law detector. This observation may make it useful for mechanical power conversion for radio frequency demodulation. Based on the previous findings, the mechanical vibration of the fiber can be modeled by a simple damped oscillator with external applied source. The result indicated that the original signal can be recovered.


Background: Tillage is one of the major threats to soil health which often results into soil physical degradation if not properly managed. Zero tillage is an alternative option from both economic and environmental protection of our soil resources points of view. Objective. To evaluate responses of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) yield and evapotranspiration to different tillage practices. Methodology. The study was conducted in Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife Osun State, Nigeria using a replicated randomized complete block design with treatments consisting of Zero-tillage (ZT), Reduced tillage (RT), Conventional tillage + Mulch (CT + ML) and Conventional tillage (CT). Results. Soil penetration resistance (SPR) increased with the degree of soil manipulation during tillage practices. Penetration resistance (PR) across 15-30 cm in 2019 alone resulted in higher PR of 2.26 MPa for RT compared to 0.71, 0.72 and 0.79 MPa for ZT, CT + (ML and CT), respectively, approximately 218 %, 213 % and 186 % greater in RT than ZT, CT + ML and CT respectively. Implications. Cowpea production on sandy loam soil can be optimized with Zero tillage. Conclusion. Over a period of two years, ZT practice had the highest profit margin of $ 573, among the practices.


Mixtures of Si3N4, and Ti were milled with a high energy ball mill under argon atmosphere and successively sintered with a hot press. The resulted reaction products were fine mixtures of Ii5 Si3, TiSi2, IN and Si, their fractions varying according to initial compositions, milling time and sintering temperatures. The temperatures at which sintering proceeded was much lower than that for sintering of Si3N4, again depending upon compositions and milling time. The density of sintered products was high enough with hardness comparable to that of TiN. Sound indentations without cracking were noted.A model based on kinematical rather than thermodynamical equilibrium aspect was presented to explain the dependence of reaction products on process parameters.


This article reviews the following innovative practices in highway contracting: warranties; transfer of quality control; multiparameter bidding; constructibility reviews; design-build; quality-based contractor prequalification; and electronic bidding. Innovations such as these are just beginning to be implemented. A survey of state departments of transportation to determine their experience with innovative contracting practices found that all of the methods tried are believed to be beneficial, but most are thought to be somewhat difficult to implement.


At a meeting held in Lund, Sweden in April 1998, a steering group, chaired by Lars Lidgren, Professor of Orthopaedics at the University of Lund, put forward the idea of instituting a Bone and Joint Decade along the lines of the successful similar decade for the neurosciences which was concluding.


Today, commercial nuclear power plants are installing High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) piping in non-safety-related and safety-related systems. HDPE has been chosen in limited quantity to replace carbon steel piping as it does not support rust, rot, or biological growth. However, due to its relatively short nuclear service history, developing a way to accurately evaluate joint integrity in HDPE is crucial to utilities and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC). This paper will investigate using ultrasonic Phased Array to quantify detection of flaws and detrimental conditions in butt-fusion joints throughout the full spectrum of applicable HDPE pipe diameters and wall-thicknesses. Currently the most concerning joint condition is that of "Cold Fusion". A cold-fused joint is created when molecules along the fusion line do not fully entangle or co-crystallize. Once the fusion process is complete, there is the appearance of a good, quality joint. However, the fabricated joint does not have the required strength as the co-crystallization along the pipe faces has not occurred. Therefore, performing a visual examination of the bead, as required by the current revision of ASME Code Case N-755, does not provide adequate assurance of joint integrity. As a potential solution, volumetric examination is being considered by the USNRC to safeguard against this and other types of detrimental conditions. Factors addressed will include pipe diameter, wall-thickness, fusing temperature, interfacial pressure, dwell (open/close) time, and destructive correlation with ultrasonic data.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


The volatile products of the reaction between a molecular beam of room‐temperature chlorine and a polycrystalline nickel surface have been identified; their formation rates have been measured by a mass‐spectrometric technique at surface temperatures between 1000° and 1600°K and beam fluxes equivalent to pressures of 10—7 to 10—5 mm Hg. The surface coverage is estimated to be less than 0.1% under these conditions. NiCl and NiCl2 are formed on the nickel surface; the former is observed above 1450°, the latter below 1100°; and both are found at intermediate temperatures. About 70% of the incident chlorine is consumed by the interaction with nickel over the pressure and temperature ranges covered. The removal of chlorine and the production of NiCl and NiCl2 are first order in chlorine pressure. A mechanism which accounts satisfactorily for the results involves dissociative adsorption of chlorine to form two NiCl's on the surface; these either evaporate, or disproportionate to form NiCl2 which evaporates.


The roles of judges for legal reformation in Indonesia can be seen from the decisions of the judges are able to fill the legal vacuum when it must resolve disputes that are difficult due to the dynamics of the fast growing community. The roles of judges in legal reforms carried out through a hearing function which resulted in the decision as disputes settlement. The concept of law as a social engineering tool should not stop the rule making written law, because the law is written as it always had limitations. Further impact, the judge in examining and deciding the dispute to face the fact that the written law is not always able to resolve the dispute. Therefore, judges should be able to find its own law (rechtsvinding) or create a law for the settlement of a dispute. This is where the roles of judges for legal reformation in Indonesia, which overcomes the limitations of the written law through a fair dispute resolution for justice seekers.


When Beijing hosted the 2008 Summer Olympics, China symbolically demonstrated its role as an emerging world power-a position it is not likely to relinquish anytime soon. China's growing economy, military reforms, and staggering productivity have contributed to its ascendancy as a major player in international affairs.Other nations are reevaluating their economic and political relationships with China as it grows into a legitimate superpower. As a bastion of communism and a historically insular country, China remains enigmatic. In Challenges to Chinese Foreign Policy: Diplomacy, Globalization, and the Next World Power, editors Yufan Hao, C. X. George Wei, and Lowell Dittmer define the "peacefully rising" position currently articulated by Beijing and its implications for international peace and security. They also describe the world's evolving perceptions of Chinese foreign relations, as well as Beijing's diplomatic strategy toward the United States, Europe, Japan, Russia, and other Asian nations. Western scholars have attempted to explain Chinese foreign policy using historical or theoretical evidence, but until this volume, few studies from a Chinese perspective have been published in English.Challenges to Chinese Foreign Policy reveals how Chinese scholars view their nation's rise to global dominance. Drawing on the knowledge of a wealth of foreign relations experts including scholars native to the region, this volume examines the unique challenges China faces as it adapts to being a world leader, and it analyzes how China's international relationships are shaping the global landscape of the twenty-first century.


Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived under which a quadratic spline preserves the positivity of a set of function values in the Hermite interpolation. As a corollary it is seen that positive interpolation is always possible over a set of nonnegative function values when a quadratic spline with suitable parameters is used.


Abstract After a year of adjusting to the shocks associated with COVID‐19 the Canadian cattle and beef sector faces a relatively optimistic future. This note examines the past year for this supply chain from the perspective of the consumer up to the cow‐calf producer by considering consumer reactions, labor market constraints, and supply responses. In the second quarter of 2020, the sector faced a significant challenge with continent wide shutdowns of beef packers reducing the U.S. beef supply by one‐third and Canadian beef slaughter by almost 60%. These shutdowns resulted in a sharp divergence between wholesale beef prices, which more than doubled, and fed steer prices, which declined by one third. Despite these dramatic shocks, the sector has returned to near normal conditions with prices and production levels similar to those observed prior to the pandemic. The near term prospects for 2021 are very similar to the current market situation.


We have determined the nucleotide sequences of the coding region in the last two coding exom of ABO genes (which occupy 91% of the soluble form of A1 transferase) from 7 individuals with weak subgroup phenotypes. Four of the individuals had an A3 phenotype and 3 individuals had a B3 phenotype. We determined the nucleotide sequences based on PCR followed by subcloning and DNA sequencing of the amplified fragments. Two cases of the A3 allele and 1 case of the B3 allele were found to contain a single‐base substitution which resulted in an amino acid substitution. However, no other cases of A3 and B3 alleles were found to contain differences in this region. This finding demonstrates for the first time heterogeneity among these weak subgroups at the nucleotide level.


PrefaceAcknowledgments1. Peanuts 1012. The Social Rise of the Peanut3. The Birth of Peanut Butter4. Peter Pan: "Improved by Hydrogenation"5. How Peter Pan Lost Its Groove6. Skippy: "He Made His First Jar of Peanut Butter in His Garage"7. Skippy on Top8. Jif: "But Is It Still Peanut Butter?"9. "Choosy Mothers Choose . . ."10. Peanut Butter Goes International11. The Music of Peanut Butter12. Deaf Smith: What's Old-Fashioned Is New Again13. The Rise and Fall of the Florunner14. The Peanut Butter Crisis of 198015. "You Mean It's Not Good for Me?"16. The Short, Happy Life of Sorrells Pickard17. Peanut Corporation of America: "There Was No Red Flag"18. Peanut Butter Saves the World19. Where Are the Peanut Butters of Yesteryear?Appendix 1. Author's RecommendationsAppendix 2. Peanut Butter Time LineNotesIndex


For people who study and teach about international security, Barry Buzan and Lene Hansen's book is important not least because we are its central focus. It offers a sophisticated interpretation of who constitutes the "we" in security studies, how we got where we are today, what we have argued about, what made us change our minds—which did not appear to happen often—and where we might be heading. More precisely, Buzan and Hansen provide an analysis of the academic field of international security studies (ISS) as it has evolved primarily in North America, Europe, and Australasia with the goal of telling "a thorough intellectual history of how various approaches define positions with the debates about ISS" (p. 3). Although specialists from particular schools and approaches will dispute some of this book's summations and conclusions, there is no doubt that the authors have achieved their objective with admirable clarity and nuance. They do so by weaving their narrative of the field's evolution around three key analytical frameworks set out in Chapters 1–3: structuring questions, the notion of security and its adjacent concepts, and driving forces. In terms of defining the field, Buzan and Hansen opt for a realistically broad approach that includes all those who self-identify with the label ISS. To sum up, they use a waterborne analogy to suggest that since the early years of the Cold War, the field has gone from being a single mainstream to a river delta. In more substantive terms, they define ISS with reference to four structuring questions and a range of adjacent concepts. The questions are "whether to privilege the state as the referent object, whether to include internal as well as external threats, whether to expand security beyond the military sector and the use of force, and whether to see security as inextricably tied to a dynamic of threats, dangers and urgency" (p. 10). They summarize the dominant traditional answers as defining "the state as the referent object, the use of force as the central concern, external threats as the primary ones, [and] the politics of security as engagement with radical dangers and the adoption of emergency measures." They also note that security tended to be studied "through positivist, rationalist epistemologies" (p. 21). The notion of adjacent concepts is necessary for this intellectual history because not all the relevant debates about the structuring questions of ISS took place through the conceptual prism of security. Buzan and Hansen therefore discuss complementary concepts, suchas "strategy," "deterrence," and "containment," which point to a more specific and narrow set of questions; parallel concepts, such as "power," "sovereignty," and "identity," which take security into broader realms of political theory; and oppositional concepts, which work through security but arguably should be replaced by other terms such as "peace" or "risk." With this understanding of the ISS field, the authors spend the majority of the book discussing the central arguments made by 11 distinct approaches: conventional constructivism, critical constructivism, theCopenhagenSchool, critical security studies, feminist security studies, human security, peace research, postcolonial security studies, poststructuralist security studies, strategic studies, and (neo)realism. When it comes to explaining the evolution of ISS, Buzan and Hansen suggest that "five forces are particularly central to this process: great power politics, technology, key events, the internal dynamics of academic debates, and institutionalization" (p. 39).These five forces roughly map onto material power, knowledge, history, prevailing social constructions, and wealth and organizational dynamics, respectively (p. 41).They derived these five forces from their interpretation of the sociology of science literature and an inductive reading of the ISS debates themselves (p. 47). With their analytical framework established, in Chapters 4–8, Buzan and Hansen examine the interplay between the 11 approaches to ISS in broadly chronological fashion, from the beginnings of the Cold War to the post9/11 era. In Chapter 9, they summarize their conclusions, the principal ones being that in its contemporary river delta structure, "no ISS perspective is going to conquer the field," and in normative terms, "it is good to have dialogue across perspectives/camps" (p. 257). With regard to the driving forces, they conclude that great power politics and technology were particularly strong during the Cold War but weaker during the 1990s. Although academic debates became more prominent in the 1980s and 1990s, Buzan and Hansen suggest that events assumed particular prominence after 2001 (p. 262). As for the future, they suggest that the conversation across the tributaries of the ISS river delta is likely to continue and should be encouraged because the strength of a field is, in large part, rooted in its ability to bring a plurality of approaches to bear on issues of common concern. I am a bit unsatisfied that the authors' choice of the four structuring questions left out the two fundamental issues of the meaning of security itself and the agents that can best provide it. In addition, whether one thinks of the causes of war, the sources of communism/capitalism, terrorism, or climate change, it has long been clear that few threats are caused by either discrete internal or external processes alone. It therefore seems strange to make this either/or binary one of the field's foundational questions. Overall, however, The Evolution of International Security Studies is a splendid achievement. It should be essential reading for all of us who teach in the field and, hopefully, many of our students as well. It will undoubtedly provoke arguments, but that is surely the point of all good books. | |


Objective: The optimum conditions of ultrasonic extraction and antioxidant activities of Smilax glabra polysaccharides(SGP) were investigated in this paper. Methods: Response surface method(RSM) was used to establish the mathematical model of ultrasonic extraction of SGP to obtain the optimum conditions based on single factor experiments. The antioxidant activities of SGP in vitro were studied by the methods of reducing power and ORAC assay. Results: The optimum conditions obtained through RSM analysis were as follows: the water/solid ratio 35:1, ultrasonic power 90w, extraction time 18.60min. Under the optimal condition, the predicted value of two-time extraction was 0.3255%, while the experimental value was 0.3106%. The experimental value agreed with the predicted from the regression model with a relative error less than 5%. The total antioxidant activity and reducing power increased with the increasing concentration of polysaccharides. Conclusion: Optimization of the extraction process by RSM of SGP is convenient and feasible. SGP has good antioxidant activity and is worth to develop for application.


ObjectiveTo explore the characteristics of phonological encoding of Chinese disyllabic compound words in patients with mild cognition impairment (MCI). Methods10 patients with MCI and 10 normal controls who matched with the age, gender, level of education and handedness performed homophone judgment task. In this task, a picture with a disyllabic compound name was presented, after 100 ms of the presentation there would be a Chinese character below the picture. Subjects were asked to judge whether one of the morpheme in the picture name was homophonic to the character. The reaction time and error ratio were analyzed statistically. ResultsIn the normal controls, the reaction time for the second constituents was shorter than that for the first constituents, while there were no difference between the first and second constituents reaction time in MCI patients. The error ratio of the first and second constituents showed no difference in normal controls, but MCI patients made more error rate for the first constituents. ConclusionAs the heathy elderly,the MCI patients have same pattern in phonological coding of Chinese disyllabic compound words, but much slower in activation speed, indicating the impairment of semantic memory and phonological activation in patients with MCI.


In this paper, the magnetic field effect on the carrier transport phenomenon in the double gate metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) has been investigated. This is done by exploring the Lorentz force and the behavior of a semiconductor subjected to a constant magnetic field. The magnetic field modulates the electrons position and density as well as the potential distribution in the case of silicon tunnel tunneling field-effects (FETs). This modulation impacts the device electrical characteristics such as ON current (ION), subthreshold leakage current (IOF), threshold voltage (VT), magneto-transconductance (gmm) and output magneto-conductance (gmDS). In addition, a hall voltage (VH) is induced and modulated by the magnetic field. It has been observed that this voltage influences the effective applied gate voltage. It has been observed that the threshold voltage variations induced by the magnetic field is of paramount importance and affects the device switching properties both speed and power dissipation, noted that the threshold voltage VT and (Ion/Iof) ratio are reduced by 10-3V and 102 for a magnetic field of ±6 and ±5.5 Tesla, respectively. We have simulated the different behavior in the channel, mainly doping concentration, potential distribution, conduction and valence bands, total current density, total charge density, electric field, electron mobility, and electron velocity.


ABSTRACT The study emphasizes on physico-chemical, mineralogical, morphological, and mechanical characteristics of Coal Combustion Residues (CCRs) collected from two different thermal power plants. To determine utilization potential and valorization, specifically in the Indian cement sector more than governing guidelines of Indian Standards (IS), collected CCRs (Fly and Bottom Ash) samples were analyzed for physical, chemical, and mechanical characteristics. The characterization included pH, moisture content, acid insoluble residue, chlorides, reactive silica, LOI, carbon, Blaine fineness, XRF, SEM, XRD, FTIR, initial and final setting time, consistency and soundness, lime reactivity, and compressive strength at 7, 28, and 90 days. The characteristics were analyzed and selected with a view to determine their suitability as mineral additives in the cement sector. The study showed that; collected CCR samples fulfill the requirements of the Indian standard (IS:3812) as well as ASTM C-618 for physico-chemical and mechanical characteristics and show potential for increased use in the cement industry as mineral additives. The study also highlights that; up to 30% CCRs can be used as a mineral additives during cement manufacturing, and if long-term strength is considered up to 50% replacement can be possible.


A precision megohm ratio unit consisting of 100 resistance units wound of manganin wire is described. Stability of the order of a few parts per million is achieved through careful construction. Variations due to temperature changes are reduced by operating the resistor in a circulating oil bath maintained at a temperature of 33°C, where the temperature coefficient of the resistor is essentially zero. The resistor is capable of continuous operation at a potential of 5 kv and intermittent operation up to 25 kv.A general method is also reviewed for setting up accurate resistance ratios by comparing two groups of resistors in appropriate series and parallel arrangements. Employing this method and using the units of the described megohm ratio unit, high ratios, consistently accurate to one part per million, have been set up.


Abstract The Global Seasonality of Norovirus
Gastroenteritis Background: Norovirus is the leading cause of
epidemic, acute gastroenteritis in industrialized countries, and
may be a cause of severe disease in certain populations (e.g.
children, elderly, and hospitalized patients). Norovirus is
generally recognized to have an irregular wintertime seasonality in
temperate climates, but these patterns have not been systematically
described across geographic areas in the era of modern diagnostics.
Methods: We present the results of a systematic review and
meta-analysis of norovirus gastroenteritis across various
geographic regions. In the systematic review we searched for
publications that reported at least one full year of monthly data
on norovirus outbreaks or cases in a specified geographic region.
The initial literature search identified 287 potential
publications, with 78 meeting the inclusion criteria. Data were
then extracted from each publication using Plot Digitizer software.
Results: The proportion of cases/outbreaks of norovirus per
calendar month was calculated from studies representing twenty-six
countries on six continents (37 case-based studies, 32
outbreak-based studies, representing a total of 12 years of data).
Conclusions: There is a clear seasonality of norovirus across the
six continents included in this study, with disease burden peaking
in winter months in the northern hemisphere.


Background: α-Synuclein aggregates and macroautophagy are associated with neurodegeneration. Results: Modulation of macroautophagic activity does not affect α-synuclein aggregate levels, although these aggregates cause accumulation of immature autophagosomes. Conclusion: α-Synuclein aggregates are resistant to degradation and impair autophagy by delaying autophagosome maturation. Significance: Understanding the impact of α-synuclein aggregates on autophagy may help elucidate therapies for α-synuclein-mediated neurodegeneration. Cytoplasmic α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates, referred to as Lewy bodies, are pathological hallmarks of a number of neurodegenerative diseases, most notably Parkinson disease. Activation of macroautophagy is suggested to facilitate degradation of certain proteinaceous inclusions, but it is unclear if this pathway is capable of degrading α-syn aggregates. Here, we examined this issue by utilizing cellular models in which intracellular Lewy body-like α-syn inclusions accumulate after internalization of pre-formed α-syn fibrils into α-syn-expressing HEK293 cells or cultured primary neurons. We demonstrate that α-syn inclusions cannot be effectively degraded, even though they co-localize with essential components of both the autophagic and proteasomal protein degradation pathways. The α-syn aggregates persist even after soluble α-syn levels have been substantially reduced, suggesting that once formed, the α-syn inclusions are refractory to clearance. Importantly, we also find that α-syn aggregates impair overall macroautophagy by reducing autophagosome clearance, which may contribute to the increased cell death that is observed in aggregate-bearing cells.


In the tourism market, the volume of transactions through mobile has increased rapidly recently. In this regard, we conducted a study using the technology acceptance model to determine whether the service quality of the travel reservation application affects consumers'' acceptance of technology and behavioral intentions. This research is a study of Technology Acceptance Model that uses Travel Reservation Application Service Quality as external variable. The study method was to conduct a online survey and off-line research targeting the various tourist. An empirical survey was conducted between August 13 and August 27, 2018, and 175 valid questionnaires were analyzed. As an analysis method was conducted to verify a analysis of frequency, correlation analysis, factor analysis, structural equation model analysis and study model hypotheses. Analysis showed that Travel Reservation Application Service Quality effect on Technology Acceptance(Perceived Ease of use and Perceived Usefulness) accordingly. Secondly, Technology Acceptance has effects Behavioral Intention.