In response to an article by Calvin H. Johnson, Edrey presents a novel analysis of two aspects of intangibles taxation: (1) whether the costs of creating assets, including goodwill, should be characterized as ordinary or capital in nature; and (2) what the appropriate distinction between capital gains and ordinary income is, and how the gains or losses derived from the disposition of that property should be classified. Johnson pointed out that there is an asymmetry regarding the taxation of intangibles under existing law. While the costs of creating an intangible are immediately deductible, the profit derived from the intangible's sale is capital in nature. That asymmetry yields a negative tax that leads to an increase in the internal rate of return — because of the income tax rules — from 10 percent to 25 percent. In terms of economic efficiency and tax equity, those are undesirable results. Johnson suggests that the solution is to consider the intangible's creation costs as capital, rather than ordinary, and to classify the gain derived from the intangible's sale as capital. For practical reasons, Johnson reverts to what appears to be an alternate solution: The intangible's creation costs should be considered ordinary, and the gain from its sale should be taxed as ordinary income.Edrey agrees with Johnson's conclusion, but offers a novel, different, accurate, and optimal analysis based on accepted principles of tax theory and business management literature. His suggested analysis is twofold:First, according to an established insight in business and marketing management — evolve, adapt, grow, or perish — goodwill of a business is graphically depicted as a positive slope. The costs of creating goodwill are necessary to maintaining a company's constant growth, and they should be regarded as maintaining the existing income-producing process of the company. Thus, those costs should be considered ordinary and necessary expenses.Second, Edrey classifies the profit or loss produced by the sale creates goodwill as ordinary income in nature. The underlying rationale for the distinction is that the taxpayer creates ordinary in- come by using his factors of production, whereas he makes a capital gain by selling his factors of production. Next, Edrey offers a three-step test for distinguishing between ordinary income and capital gain or loss when disposing of property. The first step is based on the inquiry of the process that creates a gain or a loss. Edrey explains that gain or loss is caused by a change in the expectation of the present value of the future income stream that the property was expected to produce. For that calculation, a comparison is made between the present value when the property was bought and when it was sold. The second step examines what changed the expectation. The third step identifies what is responsible for creating the causes. If the causes are internal — that is, created by the taxpayer while using his factors of production — the gain is classified as ordinary income. But if the gain is caused by external factors that the taxpayer cannot possibly control, the profit or loss should be treated as a capital gain or loss. When a taxpayer sells the goodwill he created by using his own factors of production, the gain or loss is made by internal causes. Therefore the gains derived from the disposition of those assets should be classified as ordinary income.


The high-voltage dc (HVDC)-connected offshore wind farms (OWF) is a power electronic converter dominated power system, where conventional protections, including overcurrent protection, distance protection, and differential protection, may not operable effectively. To reveal the impact of converter control on the efficacy of conventional protection relays, this paper first investigates the highly controlled fault current characteristics of HVDC system and OWF. Then, the basic operation principles of conventional protection relays are presented to elaborate their responses to the fault currents of HVDC system and of OWF, based on which, scenarios that lead to the malfunction of protection relays are identified. Finally, the theoretical analysis is verified by electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulations.


The clock comparison experiments to test special relativity mainly include the Michelson–Morley experiment, Kennedy–Thorndike experiment, Ives–Stilwell experiment and the comparison experiment of atomic clocks in two locations. These experiments can be roughly classified as the comparison of two types of clocks: optical clocks and atomic clocks. Through the comparison of such clocks, Lorentz invariance breaking parameters in the RMS framework can be tested. However, in such experiments, the structural effects of optical clocks have been fully considered, yet the structural effects of atomic clocks have not been carefully studied. Based on this, this paper analyzes the structural effects of atomic clocks in detail and divides the experiments into six types: the comparison of two atomic clocks, two optical clocks, and atomic clocks and optical clocks placed in different and the same locations. Finally, correction parameters for the experimental measurements are given.


A metal-plated plastic waveguide filter for Ka-band wireless Internet access systems is presented. As the filter is made using a plastic injection-molding process, the influence of indispensable draft angle on the waveguide walls was precisely considered in the design. By merging this design technique with the high-accuracy molding technique, no electrical tuning was necessary. It also realized the mass-productivity and cost reduction of Ka-band waveguide components.


In 1985, the Rand Daily Mail, arguably South Africa's bestknown and certainly most liberal newspaper, closed down. 2 It was suffering from financial difficulties brought about by a mismatch between its readership and the desired audience of advertisers but its demise was greeted with delight by the government in Pretoria. The levers of power within the apartheid regime were in the process of being transferred from state bureaucrats to the security forces in the context of a 'total onslaught' philosophy that demanded, among other authoritarian attitudes, that the press serve the 'national interest'.


(57) Abstract: The two coupling apparatus connected via a data link, a method for connecting two bus segments that can be arbitrated. In this case, one of the binding device of each case of both coupling device has a mediation authority, on the bus segment having a coupling device having no arbitration authority, the bus access attempt is aborted Upon start of the arbitration phase.


The article highlights the results of an empirical study of the psychological components of the emotional state of elderly women with coronary heart disease (CHD), which covered 135 respondents aged 65 to 75 years with coronary heart disease. The aim of the study was to study the psychological components of emotional states of elderly women that can affect the manifestations and course of coronary heart disease, in particular, alexithymia, anxiety, depression, asthenia. It was found that the components of psycho-emotional states of patients with coronary heart disease consist of a set of psychophysiological factors, including: the specifics of emotionally negative states such as anxiety, depression, asthenia, hostility, etc., and the features of the somatic state, themselves manifestations of coronary heart disease and their concomitant changes in the psycho-emotional sphere, in particular the specifics of the traumatic situation for the patient and her personal characteristics. An empirical study found that elderly women with coronary heart disease are characterized by high levels of anxiety, depression, asthenia, mental stress, irritability, suspicion, resentment, neuroticism, secrecy, emotional lability. It is empirically proven that depending on the gender of an individual with coronary heart disease, the psychological components of emotional states differ significantly. It has been studied that women with coronary heart disease have a high level of lability and unstable emotional state. It is established that the emotional state changes rapidly depending on the factors of external and internal stimuli. A labile emotional state is a sign of danger in a person's psychological state, so it can be critical for women with coronary heart disease. Due to the qualitative processing of the obtained results, we found that in the three formed samples - CG, ECG and ECG, the results of the study differed significantly. In the experimental group of men there are no such psycho-emotional phenomena as negativism, irritation, suspicion, resentment and guilt; neuroticism. The results of the control group revealed a high percentage of women at risk. In the experimental group of women, which is the main goal of our study, the outlined phenomena had the highest rate. A number of emotions that contribute to coronary heart disease were identified: dissatisfaction with work, education, life in general; experiencing creative failures, defeats in ambitious desires; insult; frustration caused by the sharp destruction of the usual stereotype of life; constant feeling of inner tension; lack of satisfaction in achieving success; fear; chronic anxiety. From this list of feelings it is clear that they all belong to the register of negative feelings, those that create emotional discomfort. All these feelings are antipodes of feelings that are traditionally considered attributes of a healthy heart, such as: love, courage, courage, joy. The above conditions are special for people with coronary heart disease and have significant differences between male and female groups, and therefore they can be considered as psychophysiological features of elderly women with coronary heart disease. Prospects for further research may be the feasibility of creating a comprehensive program of psychocorrection of emotional states of elderly women with coronary heart disease.


Triggered by the importance of controlling dissolved and colloidal substances in the wet-end of papermaking processes,the reason why starch-based fixing agents have been developed was first introduced in this paper,and then the situations of developing highly cationic starches,especially low-molecular-weight highly cationic starches, together with their performances during application,and their possible functioning mechanisms were summarized. Finally,the paper gave out some advises on the future research and development on such starches,as well as on the related scaled-up pilot production and mill applications.


The Chemical Technology Building was erected in the 1930s. It is one of two buildings designed for the Warsaw University of Technology by prof. Czesław Przybylski, the then Dean of the Faculty of Architecture. The building was designed taking into account specific functional and technological solutions based on the most recent European and American patterns. In the architectural form of the pavilion Przybylski referred to the geometric avant-garde trends. The interlocking cascaded blocks were emphasising their structural elements, treated in a sculptural manner, with care taken to maintain unity of function and form. The whole design was referring to the mass-textural Warsaw functionalism of the grey brick current. The building was seriously damaged during the Warsaw Uprising (destruction of the ceilings, burning out of the interior). Post-war reconstruction was more akin to modernisation than reconstruction, as the emphasis was put on improving and intensifying its utilitarian functions, omitting the reproduction of the original systems and historical decor. The last few decades have resulted in a lot of modernization works to the University's buildings. The building of Chemical Technology is a good example of this activities, where renovation and modernization works have been carried out for several years, aimed at restoring the splendor of the facades and adapting the interior to modern laboratories. An important part of these activities is the revalorization of the entrance hall and the main lecture hall. The performed work was based on historical and restoration studies. Thanks to the preserved original project of prof. Czesław Przybylski the spatial reconstruction of Auditorium and restoration of the original interior layout of the entrance hall were possible to accomplish. The use of modern material and technological solutions gave the interiors a contemporary character, without styling, while recreating the characteristics of the design of prof. Przybylski. Good cooperation between building administrators, the architect, the historian of architecture and the preservation and conservation authorities resulted in a good end effect – restoration of architectural values while increasing the utilitarian functions of the historical building of Chemical Technology, an outstanding representative of pre-war Warsaw modernism.


We summarize recent results at NIST to develop high-performance yet highly miniaturized magnetic sensors based on atomic vapors confined in microfabricated alkali vapor cells. These sensors currently achieve sensitivities in the range of a few tens of femtotesla in a 1 Hz bandwidth in detection volumes of about 1 mm3. They require no cooling and only a small amount of heating, making them ideal for deployment in remote, power starved locations.


In the wake of a dramatic financial crisis and with the first waves of baby boomers approaching retirement we hardly need to think about how best arrive at the pension funds' payout phase. This paper argues that there is a urgent need to raise retirement saving, to reduce defined contribution plan members' exposure to investment risks and to provide the financial industry with cheap and safe payout instruments. These challenges are also likely to call for a more active government role, that could take the form of minimal guarantees provided to pension funds and annuity providers at prices that compensate the risks.


Schull, William J., and Francisco Rothhammer, eds. The Aymara: Strategies in Human Adaptation to a Rigorous Environment. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990. xiv + 261 pp. including references, glossary, and index. $74.00 cloth. Wenzel, George. Animal Rights, Human Rights: Ecology, Economy and Ideology in the Canadian Arctic. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1991. ix + 206 pp. including appendix, bibliography, and index. $18.95 paper, $55.00 cloth.


: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is defined as the presence of hyperandrogenism (clinically and/or biochemically) chronic anovulation in the absence of specific adrenal pituitary gland abnormality. The clinical features of PCOS are Hyperandrogens, Hirsutism, Acne, Obesity, Insulin resistance. The impact of these symptoms on a woman quality of life may be profound and can results in psychological distress that threatens her feminine identity. The study shows factors impacting quality of life in women. It has been measured by using chi-PCOSQ (Chinese PCOS Questionnaire) Likert scale. PCOS quality of life assessment is demonstrated by 17 point likert scale. Amongst all domains impairment was seen in infertility domain followed by menstrual irregularity, acne, and hair loss. Spontaneous abortions were found to be frequent in PCOS patients whose BMI range is above normal. In present study of assessing Quality of life, treatment with metformin shows effective results in overweight and obese patients. Clomiphene citrate and inositol are highly effective in non-obese and


Specific conditions of the oral cavity, such as intake of acidic drinks, foods, and drugs, represent a damage both for teeth as well as restorative materials. The aim of this in vitro study is to assess the influence of an acidic challenge on the weight loss of biomimetic restorative dental materials (composite resins and glass-ionomer cements, respectively). Seven products recently available in the marked have been tested in this study for the two kinds of materials, respectively. Resin composites were divided into Groups 1A–7A, whereas glass-ionomer cements into Groups 1B–7B. A total of six samples was considered for each group, among which two were stored into distilled water (control samples) whereas the other four were immersed into soft drink (Coca-Cola, Coca-Cola Company, Milano, Italy) for 7 days. Respectively, after 1, 3 and 7 days, weight was assessed for each sample and the percentage weight loss was calculated. For all the composite resins (Groups 1A–7A), no significant intergroup or intragroup differences occurred for the weight loss values (p > 0.05). Conversely, all glass-ionomers (Groups 1B–7B) showed a significant and progressive weight loss after 1, 3, and 7 days of acid challenge (p < 0.05) (intragroup differences). This reduction was significantly lower in case of GC Equia Forte + Coat and ChemFil Rock, with respect to the other cements (p < 0.05) (intergroup differences). In conclusions, all the biomimetic composite resins showed a reliable behavior when exposed to acidic erosion, whereas glass-ionomers cements generally tended to solubilize. However, the additional use of a protective layer above these latter materials could reduce this event. Despite these results appear to be interesting from a clinical point of view, future morphological evaluations should be conducted to evaluate the superficial changes of the materials after acidic explosion.


High purity germanium (HPGe) detectors used in radionuclide assay systems such as Radionuclide Aerosol Sampler/Analyzer (RASA) systems must operate unattended for long periods of time. Currently, the performance and reliability of commercially available large (~100%) HPGe detectors are acceptable for the majority of laboratory applications. However, for remote systems designed for nuclear detonation detection and analysis, improved performance and reliability are required. The goals of this research include improving germanium detector reliability and resolution performance by developing new surface passivation techniques coupled with a unique detector contact arrangement. A major reliability improvement would be realized if germanium detectors were made less sensitive to storage and operational environments by improving the film coating used to passivate and protect the intercontact surface. This research is the investigation of two surface film techniques for passivating HPGe detector surfaces. Wet chemically grown oxide films and sputtered film coatings will in turn be applied to two standard P-type HPGe coaxial detectors. Each coating will be characterized to determine their surface chemistry passivating qualities as well as their inherent noise contribution to the overall system noise. The resolution of a germanium detector is a function of electrical noise and the inherent resolution of the detector element. The electrical noise components which reduce the signal to noise ratio of a detector system are associated with detector leakage current, intercontact surface noise, contact noise and noise sources associated with preamplifier electronics. In particular, those noise components associated with the intercontact surface are leakage current and surface noise. We believe these two significant sources of noise can be reduced by using novel surface passivation techniques resulting in improved detector resolution. The techniques developed by this research will be applicable to new detectors and can also be applied as a retrofit to existing RASA units. This will improve the ability to obtain more sensitive and reliable detections of remote nuclear activity.


Large-scale hydrological modeling in China is challenging given the sparse meteorological stations and large uncertainties associated with atmospheric forcing data.Here we introduce the development and use of the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT model (CMADS) in the Heihe River Basin(HRB) for improving hydrologic modeling, by leveraging the datasets from the China Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System (CLDAS)(including climate data from nearly 40000 area encryption stations, 2700 national automatic weather stations, FengYun (FY) 2 satellite and radar stations). CMADS uses the Space Time Multiscale Analysis System (STMAS) to fuse data based on ECWMF ambient field and ensure data accuracy. In addition, compared with CLDAS, CMADS includes relative humidity and climate data of varied resolutions to drive hydrological models such as the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 3 February 2017 doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0091.v2


This research aims to develop interactive e-book on electromagnetic radiation topic, which can be used for self-study, and to increase students critical thinking skill. The methodology in this research is based on ADDIE model research and development (R&D) design which consist of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The data resource was the students and teachers of XII grade of senior high schools in Lampung Province. The instrument used were questionnaire and test instrument. Data analysis technique was conducted descriptively with interval using n-gain, independent t-test, and paired t-test. The research showed that interactive e-book on electromagnetic radiation was effective for self-study and to increase critical thinking skill of the students significantly at a confidence level of 95%, with N-gaining experimental group  = 0.76 which was higher than in control group  = 0.55. Therefore, it can be concluded that the product which was developed namely interactive e-book on electromagnetic radiation is effective for self-study and to increase students' critical thinking skill.


1Department of Food Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand 2Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract – Milk is one of the important fluids consumed widely all over the nation due to the health benefits on the body. Milk powders are the processed form of milk which are obtained by reducing the moisture content of milk with the help of various unit operations and unit processes. The work addresses the quality monitoring of the Instant Whole Milk Powder (IWMP) from the milk for which the simulation software VMGSim is used. The work also addresses the control tools that are used to monitor the quality which include Statistical Process Control (SPC), Design of Experiments (DOE), and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The main objective of this research is to achieve the industrial parameters or composition of the milk powder.


The reported experimental results are for annular zones of fully condensing flows of pure FC-72 vapor. The flow condenses on the horizontal condensing surface (316 stainless steel) which is the bottom surface (wall) of a rectangular cross-section duct of 2 mm height, 15 mm width, and 1 m length. The sides and top of the duct are made of clear plastic. The experimental system in which this condenser is used is able to control steady-in-the-mean (termed quasi-steady) values of mass flow rate, inlet (or exit) pressure, and wall cooling conditions. Earlier it has been reported that, with the condenser mean (time averaged) inlet mass flow rate, mean inlet (or exit) pressure, and wall cooling condition held at steady values, there is a very strong sensitivity to certain impositions of pressure fluctuations and accompanying flow rate pulsations at the condenser inlet. For these certain impositions, it was found that the mean exit (or inlet) pressure changes to significantly affect mean test-section pressure difference, local heat-flux variations over the annular portion of the flow, and the nature of the annular flow regime. This paper experimentally investigates how the strength of this sensitivity varies with amplitude and frequency of pressure fluctuations imposed on the inlet of the condenser from the vapor line. It has been found that, for various frequencies of interest, there are typically two classes of responses to inlet pressure fluctuations. These are termed supercritical (for the larger amplitudes for which a strong sensitivity exists) and subcritical (for the smaller amplitudes for which a weak sensitivity exists).


Biotechnology have contributed immensely in increasing livestock productivity and can help to alleviate poverty and hunger and ensure environmental sustainability in sub Sahara Africa. A wide range of biotechnological techniques are available and have already been used in animal genetics and breeding. The progress of genomic information increases the accuracy of selection and has a great impact on generation interval and more comprehensively rapidly replacing the traditional quantitative genetic approaches. Biotechnology has the potential to improve the productivity of animals through increase in growth rate, carcass quality, reproduction, improved nutrition and feed utilization, safety of food, improved health and welfare of animals and reduced waste through more efficient utilization of resources. Biotechnology applied in animal breeding and genetics are mainly geared towards increasing breeding efficiency of livestock especially within organized breeding schemes and animal genetic resources sustainability and maintaining genetic diversity, a major goal in animal breeding. Biotechnology development requires a high level of commitment to research and development, expensive equipment, heavy machines, expensive chemicals as well as high level of technological expertise. Not all available biotechnologies are appropriate or relevant in Sub Sahara Africa, there is need to adapt some of these technologies, develop capacity to maintain a strong base of applied in adaptive research centers and some level of training to keep abreast with new developments and to adapting such technology to local conditions so as to ensure sustainability and awareness to the rural farmers. The present paper is to review the molecular technologies in animal genetics and animal breeding.


Non-life insurance companies need to build reserves to meet their claims liability cash flows. They often work with aggregated data. Recently it has been suggested that better statistical properties can be obtained when more aggregated data is available for the statistical analysis than just the classical aggregated payments. When also the aggregated number of claims is available one can define a full statistical model of the nature of the number of claims, their delay until payment and the nature of these payments. In this paper we provide a new development in this direction by entering yet another set of aggregated data, namely the number of payments and when they occurred. A new element of our statistical analysis is that we are able to incorporate inflationary trends of payments in a direct and explicit way. Our new method is illustrated on a real life data set and the conclusion are informative and useful.


This note describes a financial model of the power sector in Bangladesh developed by the World Bank to assess the impact of different policy interventions on sector finances. The model was built from the bottom up, on the base provided by the planning model used by the Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB). It is hoped that making this model available will allow the government and development partners to have a common framework for analysis and develop a common understanding of what needs to be done to assure the sustainability of the sector.


Objective To describe and analyse the hospitalisation cost of patients with hip fracture under the influence of various factors and to provide references for Chinese national medical insurance policy. Materials and methods All data were collected from the Chinese National Medical Data Centre database, which contained the hospitalisation data of 73 tertiary hospitals from 24 provinces. The included patients were first hospitalised with the main diagnosis of femoral neck or intertrochanteric fracture, and were discharged between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2015. Secondary hospitalisation, multiple trauma or pathologic fracture (except for osteoporotic fracture) patients or patients with missing data were excluded. The impact of various factors on the cost was investigated using analysis of variance and multivariable linear regression analysis. The Gross Domestic Product per capita and average annual disposable income were obtained from the website of the National Bureau of Statistics. Results 27 205 cases were included in the study. The mean cost of all patients was ¥53 440. 60–69 years age group had a significantly higher cost compared with 80 years and above age group. The mean cost of femoral neck fractures was lower than that of the patients with intertrochanteric fractures; the mean cost of hip replacement was higher than that of internal fixation, which showed a strong effect of the surgical approach to the cost. Patients in low-income provinces spent less than those in high-income provinces, while the gap between high-income and middle-income provinces were relatively small. Conclusion The hospitalisation cost of hip fracture has become a great burden to the patients' families. The Chinese medical insurance policy may need further consideration of the demographic and economic factors.


In this paper we studied the absorption and distribution of foliar applied boron in upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) in a hydroponic experiment.The results showed that both boron concentration and uptake in different cotton plant organs were the greatest in the leaves,followed by the stem,and lowest in the roots.boron absorption in the cotton plants increased significantly after foliar boron application except in roots.Compared with the control treatment,boron concentration in roots decreased by 41.9% when boron was partially applied on the leaves and by 11.2% when boron was applied to all leaves.Stalk boron concentration in the partial application treatment decreased by 5.9% compared to the control,but boron concentration in cotton leaves increased by 149.1%,significantly greater than the control treatment.In the partial application treatment,the amount of boron that was transferred to untreated leaves was only 5.2%,showing that boron absorbed by leaves can be partially transferred to conductivity organs but hardly enters other leaves.In the whole plant boron application treatment,the absorption of boron increased by 22.5% in the stalk and 203.7% in leaves.


In this paper an inventory model is developed with time dependent power pattern demand and shortages due to deterioration and demand. The deterioration is assumed to follow a two parameter Weibull distribution. Three different cases with complete, partial, no backlogging are considered. The optimal analytical solution of the model is derived. Suitable numerical example has been discussed to understand the problem. Further sensitivity analysis of the decision variables has been done to examine the effect of changes in the values of the parameters on the optimal inventory policy.


A 5STP52U5200 device produced by ABB is analyzed as an example for the math model of the reverse recovery current.The reverse recovery current and the reverse recovery charge are strongly dependent on di/dt and junction temperature.These values are specified based on the condition that the device is in a stationary conducting state before the turn-off process starts.Their own dependence on the snubber parameters are small and can normally be disregarded.RC snubbers must be carefully chosen to improve the overcurrent and overvoltage enduration for the thyristor.The overvoltage waveform could be calculated by using a circuit simulator like MATLAB.The simulation model of the thyristor used in the pulse power circuit is established with the help of the SIMULINK environment.The overvoltage influence induced by the different RC snuberres are provided.Both theoretic analysis and experimental results can verify the truth of the proposed computation method of the RC snuberres system.


Maori customary law is examined to explore ways in which the New Zealand legal system might reflect the best concepts and values of the major founding cultures and to assemble a compendium of historical references to the institutions and concepts of the Maori customary law. The search for compatibility has driven the desire to enquire into the significance of the fact that the instruments of English law are primarily written statutes, contracts and deeds whereas those of Maori law are performances from a customary repertoire of songs, chants, dances, and ceremonial acts of various types and carvings.


Purpose of review Conventional knowledge holds that saturated fat is the primary dietary driver of increases in low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and that high LDL-C seen among some persons consuming low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets is driven by increased saturated fat intake. This simple paradigm cannot account for the lipid patterns, nor for the magnitude of effect, observed in 'lean mass hyper-responders' on low-carbohydrate diets. The Lipid Energy Model (LEM) provides an alternative explanation for LDL-C increases seen in persons without obesity who adopt ketogenic diets and makes testable predictions, including that acute overfeeding, including increased saturated fat consumption, would decrease LDL-C levels. Recent findings This study reports data from an n = 1 experiment, performed in duplicate, in which the subject consumed three ketogenic diets for 5 days that varied in caloric content: weight-maintenance (2278 kcal/day), hypo-caloric (1135 kcal/day), and hyper-caloric (4116 kcal/day). Consistent with the LEM, LDL-C and apolipoprotein B increased following caloric restriction and decreased following overfeeding, despite increased saturated fat consumption. Data from a case series of 24 individuals who underwent similar protocols similarly found that overfeeding on a ketogenic diet decreased LDL-C. Summary This n = 1 study and associated case series provide data that short-term overfeeding can lower LDL-C in the context of carbohydrate restriction.


The isomerization of m-xylene was studied by the continuous flow method under pressure. The activation energies for the isomerization of m-xylene to p-xylene and o-xylene were 30.32 kcal/mol under the pressures of 300 kg/cm2, 2000 kg/cm2 and 4000 kg/cm2. When the reaction pressure increased from 300 kg/cm2 to 5000 kg/cm2, log km, i, and log knto increased by 1.3, as was shown in Fig.2. The activation volume, which may be considered to correspond to the dif- ference in molar volume of m-xylene between a chemisorbed state and an activated state, was obtained from Fig.2 and was shown in Fig.3. From these results the chemisorbed state and the activated state of m-xylene were discussed.


In vitro radial growth rate was found to be positively correlated with pathogenicity in two experiments involving NAN aggressive isolates of O. ulmi. One of the correlations was detected in a sample of B mating-type, but not in equivalent A mating-type isolates. Another was detected in a sample of pathogenic phase, but not in comparable saprophytic phase isolates. The significance of these results for the vascular wilt syndrome and population biology of O. ulmi is discussed.


The present invention, a tank mounted in a frame; Buoyancy generating fluid stored in the tank; Buoyancy body binary shielded from the buoyancy generated fluids; Impellers provided fixed to the upper portion of the buoyant body; And equipped with a top bar and the top of the frame for rotation, the lower end has a first vertical shaft rotatably mounted to the bottom of the tank, is fixed to said internal buoyancy body is supported by the buoyant body; The vertical wing which is fixed external to said first vertical axis; The vertical wing and is arranged between the tank fixed a horizontal rotating plate external to said first vertical axis; The horizontal rotating plate (50) and drivingly connected to a generator; And equipped with a top bar and the top of the frame for rotation, the lower end of the second vertical shaft rotatably mounted through the bottom bar of the frame; Auxiliary wing which is fixed external to the second vertical axis; A fan provided with blades which are fixed to the external lower end of the second vertical axis; Once the connection to enable the flow to the suction side of the fan and the other end has one end connected to enable the flow to the discharge side of the outlet and the flow can be associated suction pipe and the fan provided on a lower surface of the tank, the other end passes through the side surface of the tank while one is led to the inside of the tank features a discharge pipe facing the impellers. Windmill, wings, fans, buoyancy, fluid


REVIEWS John G. Demaray, Shakespeare and the Spectacles of Strangeness: The Tem- pest and the Transformation of Renaissance Theatrical Forms (Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press 1998) xvi +174 pp., illustrations. Demaray undertakes a fresh reconsideration of the Tempest, one which down- plays the political issues common to most recent discourse about the play. In- stead his book focuses on recontextualizing the play's genre, structure, and early staging from a theatrical history perspective, finding that in the Tempest, Shakespeare "was not primarily reverting to the 'academic' dramatic structures, themes, and character-types of his early career, but was forging a new kind of experimental drama from altering theatrical traditions" (xiii). Analyzing Revels Office Rolls, stage directions from the 1623 Folio text, and other primary documents, Demaray concludes that the Tempest innovatively incorporates forms such as the French ballets de cour and the Spectacle Triumphs associated with the masque: Even a cursory examination of the Tempest discloses that—unlike most of the early or late history plays, comedies, tragedies, and so-called final romances . . . —this drama takes place, like court spectacles, in the approximate time needed for performance; and it unfolds within a masque-like iconographic cosmos of the sort Inigo Jones depicted in his court stage designs and carried over from masque to masque. (12) Demaray offers a "stick to the facts" approach to the issue of the early stage history of the Tempest, reminding us that the only two documented perform- ances of the play in Shakespeare's lifetime both took place at Whitehall before King James, and not, as scholars often speculate, at either the Blackfriars or the Globe. This oft-overlooked and essential fact lends credence to Demaray's emphasis on the spectacle, the courtly masque-like nature of many scenes in the Tempest. Demaray devotes a good portion of his first chapter ("Theatrical Forms in Transition") to pointing up the limitations of various critical interpretations of the Tempest, beginning with the problem of determining the play's genre. Here Demaray's treatment is cursory and not compelling, as when he claims that Shakespeare was deliberately toying with generic classifications by "creating a 'comedy' beginning with 'tempest' and ending in peace" (19), which seems a quintessential comedic formula rather than a defiance of same. Demaray makes a more trenchant point in identifying the Tempest's symbolism as "open" rather than closed or fixed, a paradigm that allows his convincing rejection of overly restrictive readings of the play, for example, Colin Still's argument that the Tempest is essentially a neo-Platonic mystery play, Michael Srigley's alchemi- cal-allegorical reading, Donna B. Hamilton's tying of the play to the romance- epic tradition, and Frank Kermode's reading of the Tempest as an academic pastoral drama in which an "oddly pedantic" Shakespeare strains to adhere to a classical Terentian model. 1 Demaray reserves his sharpest criticism for "re- Colin Still, Shakespeare's Mystery Play: A Study of the Tempest (London 1921), revised as The Timeless Theme (London 1936); Michael Srigley, Images of


We generalize "sensitivity to initial conditions" to foliated spaces and pseudogroups, offering a definition of Devaney chaos in this setting. In contrast to the case of group actions, where sensitivity follows from the other two conditions of Devaney chaos, we show that this is true only for compact foliated spaces, exhibiting a counterexample in the non-compact case. Finally, we obtain an analogue of the Auslander-Yorke dichotomy for compact foliated spaces and compactly generated pseudogroups.


The river Hooghly flowing through Calcutta and Howrah has a high degree of pollutants. Present study revealed the sources of pollution with phytoplanktonic abundance in the stream. Samples were collected from 5 sites near Howrah and Calcutta from June 1985 to May 1986. Members of Bluegreen algae, Bacillariophyceae and Chlorophyceae were found during the study. Changes in physicochemical parameters due to pollution were observed. Several parameters were responsible directly and indirectly which occurred in Phytoplankton, population. A correlation between biological examination and chemical examination of river water has been made.


Disasters worldwide tend to affect the poorest more severely and increase inequality. Brazil is one of the countries with high income‐inequality rates and has unplanned urbanization issues and an extensive disaster risk profile with little knowledge on how those disasters affect people's welfare. Thus, disasters often hit the poorest hardest, increasing the country's income inequality and poverty rates. This study proposes a method to assess the impact of floods on households spatially based on their income levels by conducting flood analysis and income analysis. The method is applied to the Itapocu River basin (IRB) located in Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The flood is assessed by conducting rainfall analysis and hydrological simulation and generating flood inundation maps. The income is evaluated using downloaded 2010 census data and a dasymetric approach. Flood and income information is combined to analyze flood‐impacted households by income level and flood return period. The results confirm the initial assumption that flood events in the IRB are more likely to affect the lowest‐income households rather than the highest‐income levels, thus, increasing the income inequality.


ABSTRACT Purpose This study tested the hypothesis that the combination of cold temperature and wind further reduces time to ischemia during treadmill stress testing compared with cold temperature alone. Methods Eighteen participants (56 ± 9 yr) with stable angina performed four treadmill stress tests in a randomized crossover design at +20°C and −8°C, with and without a 24-km·h−1 headwind. Time to ischemia (≥1-mm ST-segment depression) and angina, rate pressure product, and total exercise duration were determined. Results At −8°C, time to ischemia was reduced by 22% (−58 s (−85 to −31 s), P < 0.01) compared with +20°C. The addition of wind at −8°C reduced time to ischemia by a further 15% (−31 s (−58 to −4 s) vs −8°C without wind, P = 0.02). The addition of wind did not affect time to ischemia at +20°C (P = 0.38). Cold temperature and wind did not affect time to angina (P = 0.46 and P = 0.61) or rate pressure product (P = 0.46 and P = 0.09). Total exercise time was reduced in the presence of wind at −8°C (−29 s (−51 to −7 s), P = 0.01), but not at +20°C (P = 0.09). Conclusions The presence of wind reduces time to ischemia when exercise stress testing is performed in a cold environment. These results suggest that wind should be considered when evaluating the risks posed by cold weather in patients with coronary artery disease and exercise-induced ischemia.


As a result of the swiftly advance of the science and technology and the substantial reduce of the life cycle of products, it becomes an important step to create the high-tech brand to win the market competition advantages in the high-tech field. The brand construction in high-tech enterprises is different from that in the conventional industrial enterprises. The study on the brand tactics according with its industrial characteristics will be helpful to create the brand advantages of all high-tech enterprises.


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— Delay in the passage of piece of information from the transmitting point to the receiving point has become a very big problem in our communication network. This can be overcome by improving cross layer design for multimedia applications over distributed radio network using adaptive equalizer. This is done in this manner by characterizing the network understudy, determining the bit error rate and congestion from the characterized network that could cause the passage of information from sender to receiver difficult, determining the shortest route from the characterized network, designing a Simulink model that will reduce interference and congestion in improving cross layer design for multimedia applications over distributed radio network using adaptive equalizer and Comparing conventional and optimized adaptive equalizer. The result obtained from the analysis shows that using adaptive equalizer gives a better communication network than using conventional approach.


A virus was isolated from dead specimens of catfish Ictalurus melas originating from a pond in w h ~ c h the whole catfish population had succumbed to an acute infection within a week. Diseased catfish showed clinical signs of oedema and haemorrhages while other fish species present in that pond remained healthy. The virus isolate grew well in Epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC), blueglll fry (BF2) and channel catfish ovary [CCO) cells at temperatures ranglng from 15 to 25 'C The vlrus formed tiny round plaques [diameter 400 pm) under agarose overlays and the BF2 cells were the most sensitive for thls assay. The infectivity of the catfish vlrus isolate was inhib~ted by chloroform treatment and its replication was suppressed by 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine indicating the presence of lipid components and a DNA genome. Hexagonal virions with a diameter of 150 to 160 nm, some of them surrounded by an external envelope, were seen by electron microscopy in the cytoplasm of infected EPC cells. These virions were morphologically similar to those of the Iridoviridae. Infection trials conducted ln subadult and adult catfish demonstrated the strong pathogenicity of the new virus isolate and hlgh levels of virus were detected in the kidney and spleen, induclng a dramatic necrotlslng spleno-nephritis and subsequently death of most of the fish The infection tnal substantiates the causative role of this virus isolate in the massive catfish mortality observed and consututes the first record of an overt natural viral infection of I. melas.


4,4′-Biflav-2-enes react with electrophiles in the presence of alcohols, yielding substituted 6,7-diaryl-6a,7,13,13a-tetrahydro-6H-7,13-methano[1]benzopyrano[3,4-c][1]benzoxepins, e.g.(6)–(15). The structures and stereochemistries of these compounds have been deduced from their conversion into other analogues, e.g.(18)–(21), and from n.m.r. studies.Trimeric flavonoids (23) and (24) containing the benzoxepin structure have been synthesised by the reaction of flavylium perchlorate with 4,4′-biflav-2-ene and alcohols. The structures of the trimers are not in any serious doubt but their stereochemistries are not fully known.


1179 Sleep Disturbance and Longitudinal Risk of Depression—Maglione et al. INTRODUCTION Depressive syndromes are common in older adults. For example, in primary care settings, the prevalence of major depressive disorder in this age group is 3-10%,1-4 and subthreshold depressive syndromes (including dysthymia, minor depression, and subsyndromal depression) are estimated to be more common (9-24%).2,5–8 Further, depressive syndromes may have a greater prevalence in hospital and long-term care settings.9 Depressive syndromes in older adults are associated with adverse outcomes including functional impairment,10,11 medical illnesses,12 disability,13,14 increased mortality,15 and increased health services utilization.16 Longitudinal studies have shown that subjective sleep disturbance is a major risk factor for future development of both first-onset and recurrent depressive episodes in both younger and older adults.17–20 SLEEP DISTURBANCE AND LONGITUDINAL RISK OF DEPRESSION IN OLDER WOMEN


To study the effects of product portfolio decisions on firm performance and survival, this paper distinguishes between diversification – a measure of product breadth – and exploration – a measure of the degree to which a firm's product diversity cannot be explained by random product placement. Using a data set that includes all U.S. mutual fund providers and the funds they offered between 1962 and 2002, we find a curvi-linear relationship between exploration and firm performance, with firms that are either highly exploitative or highly exploratory outperforming firms that are "stuck in the middle." Similar results are obtained for diversification. While diversification shows an identical curvi-linear effect on survival, no effect of exploration on firm survival can be detected. Thus, product placement that deviates from random product placement within an industry appears to have no survival implications, indicating a limit to the effects of purposeful managerial action.


SUBTITLE: AIRPORTS THROUGHOUT CHINA AND ASIA ARE LOOKING TO GAIN A SHARE OF THE EXPANDING FAR EAST AIR CARGO MARKET.


Independent colleges,established according to the new mechanisms and new modes,are private institutions of higher learning with Chinese characteristics.Their running mode and characteristics are to be further explored and studied.On the basis of the relevant stipulations in the No.26 decree from the Ministry of Education,a preliminary discussion is given on the present situation and existing problems of independent colleges in China,ands some suggestions and thoughts are also provide on the standardized running of independent colleges.


The increased use of technology within the educational field gives rise to the need for developing valid instruments to measure key constructs associated with performance. We present some self-report instruments developed and/or validated in the Italian context that could be used to assess achievement emotions and correlates, within the theoretical framework of Pekrun's control-value model. First, we propose some data related to the construction of two instruments developed to assess ten achievement emotions: the Brief Achievement Emotions Questionnaire, BR-AEQ, used with college students, and the Graduated Achievement Emotions Set, GR-AES, used with primary school students. Second, we describe some data concerning the validation within the Italian context of two instruments assessing achievement goals as antecedents of achievement emotions: the Achievement Goal Questionnaire-Revised, AGQ-R, and its more recent version based on the 3 X 2 achievement goal model.


This study aims to find out how the mechanism, impact, supporting factors, and obstacles in implementing the community empowerment based on productive zakat in 1000 MSME's programs. This research is field research using a descriptive qualitative approach. The subject of this research was Lazismu management and the mustahik. This study found that the 1000 MSME's program was instrumental in helping MSME's who had difficulty in developing their businesses. The assistance process is important in the success of the empowerment program. The impact of this program is an increase in business results, family income, abilities, knowledge, and skills as well as increased religious knowledge. Supporting factors for this program include the collaboration with Aisiyah institutions to provide assistance to the mustahik. While the constraints faced are not yet optimal implementation of SOPs and the lack of reporting and documentation of 1000 MSME programs


CuWO4 nano-powder was synthesized via a hydrothermal reaction using CuCl2.2H2O and Na2WO4.2H2O in the stoichiometric 1:1 Cu:W molar ratio and sodium citrate as raw materials. Also, Ag3PO4 was synthesized by a precipitation method using Na2HPO4 and AgNO3. Finally, CuWO4-Ag3PO4 nanocomposite was synthesized in a precipitation route using the as-synthesized CuWO4 and Ag3PO4 as raw materials. The synthesized materials were characterized by the powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) technique. In order to investigate the effect of concentration of the Basic solutions on the obtained materials morphology, the synthesized materials' morphologies were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) technique. As shown by the FESEM images, the CuWO4 material morphology was spherical particles. Besides, the photocatalytic performance of the as-synthesized nanocomposites was studied for the degradation of Reactive Blue 19 (RB19) under direct visible light irradiation. For this purpose, several reaction parameters that affect the degradation yield, such as catalyst amount, pH value, and absence/presence of light, were investigated. The results indicate the higher photocatalytic yield at the presence of light irradiation when the solution's pH value was in the acidic range and the weight percent of silver phosphate in the composite mixture and the catalyst amount was more. The information revealed that a 0.05 g nanocomposite containing 0.24 mmole of Ag3PO4, with an initial pH of 3 and 100 mL of RB 19 with 30 mg/L concentration, approximately after 30 min, could remove completely under visible light illumination.


Understanding commuters' behavior and influencing factors becomes more and more important every day. With the steady increase of the number of commuters, commuter traffic becomes a major bottleneck for many cities. Commuter behavior consequently plays an increasingly important role in city and transport planning and policy making. Although prior studies investigated a variety of potential factors influencing commuting decisions, most of them are constrained by the data scale in terms of limited time duration, space and number of commuters under investigation, largely owing to their dependence on questionnaires or survey panel data; as such only small sets of features can be explored and no predictions of commuter numbers have been made, to the best of our knowledge. To fill this gap, we collected inter-city commuting data in Germany between 1994 and 2018, and, along with other data sources, analyzed the influence of GDP, housing and the labor market on the decision to commute. Our analysis suggests that the access to employment opportunities, housing price, income and the distribution of the location's industry sectors are important factors in commuting decisions. In addition, different age, gender and income groups have different commuting patterns. We employed several machine learning algorithms to predict the commuter number using the identified related features with reasonably good accuracy.


This article attempts to review the role of the physician in the area of drug abuse treatment and suggests that part of the treatment should be offered to the drug addict in a medical model familiar to him — the physician's office. Physicians and citizens, alike, have responded far too long to the myths that characterize the heroin addict as a degenerate sociopath and that only paraprofessional former heroin addicts, coming out of the drug milieu, are capable of relating to or helping drug addicts in their rehabilitation. Physicians are quite capable of rendering professional care to the patient who abuses substances, but our nation's heritage of inhibitory drug abuse treatment legislation has kept the physician's hands tied in this area, and recent changes in legislation have only begun to untie that knot.


A modulating signal (MS) applied to the control voltage has a profound effect on the DC and AC-side uncharacteristic harmonic currents. The presence of harmonic distortion in the AC-busbar voltage causes distortion on the DC-line current ripple. One reason for such distortion is the valve-asymmetrical firing pattern caused by the closed loop nature of constant current control. A second reason is that the DC-current ripple is related to AC-side harmonics even if no closed-loop current control is prescribed. A method of harmonic minimisation based on approximate linear relationships between uncharacteristic harmonics and the MS was developed and implemented on a convertor model. A circuit to select, adjust and inject the MS into the control voltage connected to the output of the injection circuit inhibits the MS injection during transients. This control feature is important because it allows fast transient response of the control and does not contribute to oscillatory behaviour. A full set of analytical predictions and model tests using the injection circuit described above for an MS of 50 Hz, 100 Hz and 150 Hz is presented.


Customer satisfaction, trust, and loyalty are the three most fundamental elements of e-marketing. Previous researchers have noted that satisfaction is a key factor in commanding loyalty. However, the relationship between satisfaction, trust, and loyalty is strongly dependent on the type of platform provided by digital stores. On the other hand, gamification in E-businesses has grown rapidly in recent years. In this context, it is necessary to explore the effects of gamification on e-customer satisfaction and loyalty. In this paper, it is argued that customer satisfaction alone cannot inspire loyalty. Simply speaking, customers' satisfaction with gamified services can lead to developing trust and, in turn, loyalty. This research also presents a thorough review of the effect of store-related motivational factors, such as gamification, on trust. These factors include moderator and mediator variables. The hypotheses of this study are considered in the context of one of the largest online retail stores in Iran which enjoys a large market share in the Middle East. To this end, Lawshe content validity ratio is utilized and expert opinions are applied to the proposed model. Evaluation results, obtained through the smartPLS, established the robustness of our modeling in terms of reliability analysis, significance level analysis, discriminant validity analysis, coefficient of determination, model fitting, and cross-validation.


Background: Implantable Phakic Contact Lenses have been developed as a cost-effective alternative to Visian Implantable Collamer lenses for refractive correction. Aim of The Work: To evaluate the central vault of implantable phakic contact lens (IPCL) and its correlation to horizontal white to white (WTW) corneal diameter using anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Patients and Methods: 30 eyes that match the inclusion criteria for IPCL V2.0 implantation were studied. Two groups were divided to study the correlation between pre-operative horizontal (WTW) corneal diameter and post-operative central vault: group 1 with WTW diameter < 12 mm and group 2 with WTW diameter ≥ 12 mm. Results: Visual acuity and spherical equivalent improved post-operatively with P value < 0.01, IOP increased maximally at 1 week and 1 month post operatively but declined at 6 and 12 months with P value < 0.01. Central vault in group 1 decreased from the 1st week post-operatively till the end of 12 months with P value < 0.05. While in group 2, it decreased till the end of 12 months with P value > 0.05. Comparison between the 2 groups showed mild difference in all visits with P value > 0.05. Also correlation between pre-operative WTW diameter and central vault was negative with P value > 0.05. Conclusion: IPCL is a safe and effective approach for correction of high degrees of refractive errors or when corneal refractive surgery is contraindicated. Also, no correlation was found between pre-operative horizontal WTW corneal diameter and post-operative central vault.


Gezim Alpion has become something of a minor celebrity in recent times since he decided to write about Mother Theresa, which probably suggests something about the hold she still has on the modern imaginary rather than a comment on Alpion. However, it must be pointed out from the beginning that Alpion wrote about Mother Theresa as part of his larger agenda – to rescue the reputation of his homeland from the clutches of the populist press in the United Kingdom. Like Mother Theresa, Alpion is an Albanian and it is this shared link, or ethnicity, that motivated him to write about her life and work and above all her reputation. After all, she is the most famous Albanian since Alexander – or so it seems. I should disclose that I first came across Alpion when he submitted an essay on Mother Theresa for consideration to Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies, which I edited at the time, and we subsequently published. I was struck by his balanced approach to a topic that interested me as I was then researching and writing about Pentecostalism and the charismatic church in India. Alpion's take on Mother Theresa is a long way away from Pentecostalism but there can be little doubt that Mother Theresa is charismatic, having captured the imagination of a large number of commentators, both deeply admiring and extremely hostile, over the years. But there is more than just Mother Theresa to Encounters with Civilizations. The book consists of five parts linked by Alpion's desire to recover Albania from the clutches of misunderstanding. What's interesting about the project is that the author takes an adventurous path. The work includes academic essays, an imagined interview with a long-dead Khedive of Egypt, and a play set in contemporary England that has been developed and performed to acclaim. It deals with Albania, Egypt, England and the West generally. Linking them all together are the concerns about ethnicity, identity and place, not in a dry academic sense but on a grand scale. Alpion writes on a large canvas about a small nation, which allows for vigour as well as insight. The author, in describing the plight of Albania, also describes his own journey in life from his home country, through Egypt, ending up in the United Kingdom. Section 1 deals with Albania and includes two essays, one on Kosova. The second section deals with Egypt, the third is about the United Kingdom and the final sections deals with India, more specifically Calcutta (Kolkata as it now is) and Mother Theresa. There is also a coda that discusses ethnicity in an academic setting. In addition to Alpion's work there are two essays by the volume's editor Gaston Roberge, who has lived in Calcutta for over 30 years and knew Mother Theresa well. Roberge is a Jesuit priest who has taught film and communication at St Xavier's College, University of Calcutta, for a number of years and who founded Chitra Bani, the research centre that has done much to secure the reputation of Satyajit Ray. The two sections that interest me most are those on Egypt and the United Kingdom. Alpion shows that there has been a long association between Albania and Egypt. Indeed,


The word ceramic is a term taken directly from the western world. It had been used to define the pots crafted in tile technique. In the Ottoman records "Evani" was used instead of ceramics and "Kasi" for tiles. This paper deals with the history of pottery in the Islamic world and in Europe. Islamic world is represented by Iznik. Iznik, historically Nicaea, town in the northwestern of Turkey. It lies on the eastern shore of Lake Iznik. In 1331 A.D, Nicaea was besieged and conquered by the Ottoman Turks, who renamed it Iznik. On the other hand, European pottery is represented by Italian maiolica. Such wares were produced in both the northern and the southern parts of Italy, but the wares were distinctly different. A distinctive point of this research is the political and economic relations between the Ottoman Empire and Europe, and their influence on pottery production.The main objective of this paper is dealing with themes of exchange in pottery production, between Iznik in Turkey, and Italy in Europe. This exchange took shape in the emergence of a special form of ceramic plates of Italian tradition in Iznik. This type of ceramic plates known as "Tondino" dishes. These plates had a characteristic form, they are composed of broad flattened rim with a deep well. This form of plates was fashionable in Italy around 1500-1530. Iznik workshops had produced identical samples of tondino plates in the contemporary period as well. On the other hand, decorative elements of Iznik had greatly influenced Italian maiolica production. Of these spiral scrolls of the "Golden Horn". 'Golden Horn' style is one of shapes of Chinese influence in the Near East. This style was imitated on Italian maiolica Albarello vessels. However, such influence did not come directly from china, but Iznik was a mediator. Furthermore, decorative elements of Rhodian style with their characterized polychrome design are imitated in Paduan workshops of Italy. This style showed a sudden change in the color scheme of Iznik pottery. Pale turquoise is applied for details, cobalt blue for the ground, however, green is lacking. Paduan imitation of Rhodian style was a clear form of adulation to the Ottoman Empire in the 17th century A.D In addition, various plates of Iznik production had combined between traditional decorative elements together with European heraldry of famous Italian families such as Venetian family of Morosini or the Dalmatian family Spingarolli de Dessa. Thus, such samples specifying a true image of the cross- cultural exchange between the Near East and the West.This paper aims at:II. Shed light on the role of Muslim artisan in ceramic industry and their effect on the Western civilization, Italy in particular.IV. Emphasizing that Muslim artisan had been influenced by the civilization of the West and adapted what suits their tradition and religion as well.V. Illuminates on the influence of political and economic status of the Ottoman Empire and Italy on all industries; and ceramics in particular. یتناول هذا البحث اشکال التبادل الحضاری فی صناعة الخزف ما بین العالم الإسلامی متمثلا فی خزف ازنیک الترکی، والخزف الأوروبی والذی یمثله المولیق الإیطالی. أحد اشکال هذا التبادل هو ظهور شکل ممیز من الأوانی الخزفیة إیطالیة المنشأ ضمن خزف ازنیک. هذا الشکل عرف باسم اطباق "التوندینو" والتی کان لها شهرة فی إیطالیا فی الفترة ما بین ١٥٠٠- ١٥٣٠م. اشکال مماثلة لهذه الاطباق إیطالیة المنشأ تم انتاجها فی ورش ازنیک فی نفس الفترة الزمنیة. وعلى الجانب الآخر، العناصر الزخرفیة التقلیدیة التی شاع استخدامها فی خزف ازنیک کان لها تأثیر فی زخارف المولیق الإیطالی. ومن هذه التأثیرات زخارف "القرن الذهبی" التی اتخذت الاشکال الحلزونیة أحادیة اللون (الأزرق). مثل هذه الاشکال الحلزونیة تم تطبیقها على اوانی الالبریلو من المولیق الإیطالی. شکل آخر من التأثیرات الترکیة على المولیق الإیطالی هو زخارف رودس متعددة الألوان والتی تم تطبیقها فی ورش تصنیع الخزف فی بادو. شکل آخر من التبادل او ربما الاندماج الفنی هو الجمع ما بین الزخارف الترکیة التقلیدیة جنبا الى جنب مع بعض شعارات النبالة الخاصة ببعض الأسر الإیطالیة. مثل هذه النماذج تسهم فی تقدیم صورة جلیة عن التبادل الحضاری ما بین الأمم. یهدف هذا البحث إلى: إلقاء الضوء على دور الفنان المسلم فی صناعة الخزف، وأثره على الحضارات الغربیة، وبالأخص الحضارة الإیطالیة. التأکید على تأثر الفنان المسلم بالحضارات الغربیة، حیث نهل منها ما یتناسب مع تقالیده ومعتقداته الدینیة. إلقاء الضوء على الحالة الاقتصادیة والسیاسیة لکل من الإمبراطوریة العثمانیة وإیطالیا وتأثیرهم على مختلف الصناعات، وبالأخص صناعة الخزف.


Abstract Introduction Burn shock resuscitation fluids should be titrated to achieve a urine output (UOP) of 0.5 to 1 mL/kg/hr. It is unknown whether this UOP goal should be indexed to actual body weight (ABW) or predicted body weight (PBW). The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences related to ABW and PBW-indexed UOP using data from ABRUPT. Methods We queried the database from ABRUPT, which was a multicenter prospective observational study of acute fluid resuscitation practices involving 379 adults treated at 21 burn centers between 4/2017 and 6/2020. Values are presented as the mean ± SD or median (IQR) as appropriate. Results There were 379 subjects (age 46 ± 15.9 yrs, %TBSA burn 31.6 (18), 12.7% with inhalation injury). ABW (N=379) was 90 ± 24.8 kg and PBW (N=375) was 69.5 ± 10.4 kg. ABW exceeded PBW in 84% of subjects. In the 1st 24 h post burn, UOP was 0.87 (0.51) mL/kg ABW/h compared to 1.1 (0.6) mL/kg PBW/h (Figure). Total UOP in the 1st 24 h did not differ between body mass index (BMI) categories. Neither ABW UOP nor PBW UOP was predictive of the decision to initiate 5% albumin (OR and 95% CIs 0.914 [0.754, 1.109] and 0.882 [0.687, 1.133], respectively). We compared subjects with a mean hourly UOP < 0.5 mL/kg/h based on ABW but still > 0.5 mL/kg/h based on PBW (N=61) with subjects whose mean hourly UOP remained > 0.5 mL/kg/h based on ABW (N=283). Subjects whose UOP was < 0.5 mL/kg ABW/h but > 0.5 mL/kg PBW/h were significantly older than subjects whose UOP was > 0.5 mL/kg ABW/h (51.2 [15.6] Vs 44.4 [15.4] yrs, p=0.002), but otherwise we found no significant differences within the 1st 24 hours between these two groups in heart rate, blood pressure, peak lactate, creatinine, total fluids administered, or SOFA score. There were no significant differences in SOFA at 48 and 96 hours, ventilation days, need for dialysis in the 1st 96 hours, or survival. Conclusions ABW in a large majority of the ABRUPT population was greater than PBW. Consequently UOP was numerically lower when indexed to ABW than when indexed to PBW. Patients whose UOP was < 0.5 mL/kg ABW /h but > 0.5 mL/kg PBW/h did not appear to have any worse outcomes than those whose UOP remained > 0.5 mL/kg ABW/h. Applicability of Research to Practice This study generates a hypothesis and a question as to whether titration based on PBW UOP rather than ABW might result in more aggressive titration and administration of less resuscitation fluid, since PBW-indexed UOP 'looks' higher. While this can only be answered in a randomized comparison between the two approaches, our study did not identify any adverse outcomes in patients who had a UOP < 0.5 mL/kg ABW/h but > 0.5 mL/kg PBW/h, which might indicate that titration to > 0.5 mL/kg PBW is feasible.


An algorithm, which determines the range of a vehicle on the road by a single image, is proposed. Since it uses a single camera, there is not a problem like the high cost in the stereo camera, the millimeter wave radar and the non-robust mechanical scanning in the laser radar. And it also gives the lateral position of the vehicle. So far it is difficult to get the range information from a single camera. The algorithm overcomes this drawback by introducing a new concept, "Range Window". It uses several portions of a captured image, namely windows. Each window is corresponding to a certain pre-determined range and has the fixed physical width and height. In each window, the size and position of an object in the image is estimated through the ratio between the widths of the object and the window and a score is given to the window. The window having the best score is determined as a best window. The range corresponding to the best window becomes an estimated range. The lateral position of the object is also calculated. This algorithm was applied to more than 4,500 real road images and showed 95% detection rate for a motorcycle, sedan, minivan, truck and bus on rural, urban and city roads. The range accuracy was about +/- 1 [m]. The present maximum range is 50 [m]. This algorithm is effective for the short range application. This is expected to be applied to "Low speed follower".


To survive in the current market, many companies are moving toward design and development of product families using a platform approach. To effectively develop a family of products companies have to consider both component and assembly perspective. The assembly perspective has many issues associated with it for developing common platforms, which includes assemblability evaluation for the entire family. Application of Design for Assembly techniques to evaluate product family will require modifications to the current single product DFA method. The purpose of this paper is to extend the current DFA technique for product family and platform design. Specifically, we integrate the product family architecture with DFA evaluation. Product family concepts related to assembly are used to develop new product family DFA guidelines. A product family DFA tool that utilizes these extensions has been developed and is presented in the paper. The application of this product family DFA extensions and tool are illustrated using a Walkman product family.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


This paper presents the analytical methods of a SDOF system analysis subjected to blast loadings. Two types of blast wave applied for study the non-linear behavior of system, the analysis focused on displacement time history responses which form the basis for studying behavior of SDOF System under blast loadings. For two types of blast function simple pulse, and bilinear pulse, many parameters used for obtained time history plots, computed energy, and Hysteresis Analysis. The results obtained from a computer program NON-SDOF clarified the effect of type of blast wave on the behavior of system.


BBC Radio 4 was always crackling away in the background during my childhood. As a teenager I switched to Radio 1, not because I liked the sycophantic disc jockeys but because this was the only music station in remote Orkney. In my late 20s, however, I could stand Radio 1's vacuous drivel no longer. As I have now been sucked down the inevitable vortex of becoming my father, my own children complain about the constant chatter and discussion on …


Field experiment was conducted during rabi 2016-17 at Research farm of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India to study the influence of sowing times and cutting schedules on quality and economics of dual purpose wheat. The experiment was laid out in split plot with four sowing times as main plot treatments and five cutting schedules as sub plot treatments, replicated thrice. Among sowing times, 3 week of October recorded significantly higher quality and yield parameters with net returns (81503 Rs./ha) and B:C (2.10). Among cutting schedules, higher reduction rate in all quality, economics and yield parameters over uncut wheat was recorded with delay in cutting of wheat for fodder purpose from 45 to 75 DAS. Among cutting schedules, cutting of wheat at 45 DAS was recorded with maximum value of all quality parameters and yield, while cutting at 55 DAS was found most profitable.


Transgender subjects in Manipuri society have experienced cultural legitimacy as well as prejudice and therefore have had an ambiguous status from early to modern times. From their early prototypes, pheitas, to their modern counterparts, nupi sabis, transgender subjects have played vital roles in the administrative, cultural and artistic life of Manipuri society. Legitimacy as well as stigma marked their participation in social and economic life. This article traces the emergence of the nupi maanbi community, a community of man-to-woman transgender subjects and argues that the current nupi maanbi identity, embedded in this distinct community, is firmly located in the economic niche that the subjects inhabit as professionals in the increasingly popular fashion and beauty parlours in contemporary Manipur.


Abstract A new family of bolaform surfactants with sugar head groups is described. The bis-gluconamides and bis-lactobionamides were obtained in excellent yield in a new route by action of a diamine HN2-CnH2n-NH2 (n = 6–12) on either delta-gluconolactone or lactobionic acid.


Background: Statins elevate glucose (glc) in some people, but effects vary. Age & metabolic syndrome precursors were previously shown to significantly predict glc rise on statins (vs placebo) in men but not women. Better understanding of predictors in women is needed. Higher baseline LDL and lesser drop in LDL on statins was previously linked to more muscle symptoms on statins - postulated to arise from LDL upregulation for antioxidant transport in prooxidant settings - which might also lead to glc elevation. Goal: To assess the relation of LDL (baseline and change-on-statins) to glc change (Δglc) in women. Method: 324 postmenopausal women, without known diabetes or CVD, with fasting glc ≤142mg/dL, LDL 115-190 mg/dL, underwent (sex-stratified, double-blind) randomization to pravastatin 40mg, simvastatin 20mg or placebo for 6 months. 203 were age<65. Regression assessed prediction of Δglc by statin-vs-placebo, baseline and ΔLDL, adjusted for baseline-glc§. Analysis was repeated, stratified by treatment arm...


INSHIP relations are often considered by anthropologists, as well as by those whom they study, to be at the heart of community processes, involving solidarity, reciprocity, reproduction, and alliance. This « kinship model » of small-scale soci- eties throughout Melanesia has implicitly informed recent formulations regarding ideas of personhood in this part of the world, in which social and relational aspects of the person have been strongly foregrounded in the literature. At the same time, the study of kinship systems, seen as based on structured forms of terminologies, has tended to be placed into the background, whereas it was made central in an earlier phase of theorizing, even if from diverse points of view (e.g. « extensionist » vs « category word » theorists, pro- and anti-genealogy theorists, descent vs alliance theor y). In this paper we aim to make a contribution to the study of kinship rela- tions and theories of personhood, but principally by looking at aspects of histori- cal change in systemic terms. The changes in which we are interested have in turn, in one way or another, to do with processes of commoditization, as these have affected marriage practices, definitions of personhood, and kin-based relations gen- erally. While some of these processes can be looked at in terms of the intrusion of capitalist-style relations, others have to do with indigenous pre-capitalist processes, or perhaps with the indirect effects of external economic changes. Another purpose of the paper is to point out how issues that arise within the sphere of kinship rela- tions continue to be important to people in social arenas studied by anthropolo- gists in places such as New Guinea, even though anthropological fashions have moved in other directions. While the question of new reproductive technology has brought kinship back into anthropological discussions in a peculiarly specific form, the broader issues of kinship in relation to collective identities, affiliation, land, and exchange continue to change in their own ways in Highlands New Guinea, as else- where, and call for serious study (Strathern & Stewart 2000a).


The fact of unification the general theory of relativity (GR) and quantum theory takes place in the theory of Superunification. The Standard Model (SM) is an imperfect model of physics that is incapable of unification with gravity. Physicists have been searching for a new particle such as graviton, strings, Higgs boson and others particles to create the Superunification for many decades. But they could not do this. It was a difficult task and I solved it. I made the theory of Superunification [1]. Quanton is a new four-dimensional particle of time and space which forms the basis of the theory of Superunification. The quantum density of a medium is the concentration of quantons in a unit volume of quantized space-time. The deformation (Einstein's curvature) of quantized space-time is the basis of gravity. The deformation vector D of the quantum density of the medium determines the magnitude and direction of gravitational forces. Gravity occurs when there is a gradient of the quantum density of the medium inside the quantized space-time. The gradient of the quantum density of the medium characterizes the strength of the gravitational field and is described by the deformation vector D. This concerns the creation of artificial gravity (antigravity) forces in the development of non-reactive quantum engines for space. My company has created several types of Leonov's quantum engines that have been successfully tested. The test results of quantum engines were formalized in a protocol and published in scientific journals [1, 2, 3]. A quantum engine is 100 times more efficient than a liquid-propellant rocket engine (LRE). We see the triumph of the theory of Superunification.


African nations are caught in a web of alternatives to alleviate their massive debt burdens. This paper argues that among these alternatives, debt-for-nature swap programmes recently introduced in Africa have some potential towards economic growth through the vehicle of sustainable tourism. Tourism, which is now the world's largest industry, is a possible avenue toward providing the tone for conservation of both species and habitat and improving the lot of the affected local communities. Thus, while ecotourism or adventure tourism- the fastest growing sector of the industrycan be useful to conservation, it can, at the same time contribute to the course of economic development and help alleviate poverty.


A second order four‐wave parametric process proposed to be responsible for the generation of the broad up‐shifted sideband in ionospheric stimulated radiation is studied by using a theoretical model and one dimensional electrostatic particle‐in‐cell simulations. The results indicate that (1) the initial evolution in nonlinear simulations is well described by the proposed theoretical model, (2) the simulation frequency power spectrum in a saturated nonlinear state exhibits important characteristics of the experimental observations and (3) the full nonlinear evolution of this four‐wave process is crucial in interpreting the asymmetric nature of the wave frequency spectrum observed during experiments.


Recent research in the field of earthquake engineering has seen the development of number of different displacementbased seismic design (DBD) methods. Such methods aim to overcome limitations with the force-based design methods incorporated in current codes. The most developed DBD method currently available is the Direct DBD approach, described and investigated in a text by Priestley et al. (2007). While the guidelines in the DDBD code have been relatively well tasted for RC structures, further verification and development is required for steel frame systems. There is just one comprehensive study can be found on DDBD of eccentrically braced frames (EBFs) which has been published recently by Sullivan (2013). The study presented by Sullivan (2013), has been focused of DDBD of EBFs with short (shear) link beams. Therefore, the aim of present study is to evaluate the ability of DDBD method for designing EBFs with intermediate and long link beams. To this end, three five-storey EBFs with short, intermediate and long link beams designed using the DDBD method proposed by Sullivan (2013). Figure 1 shows the case study EBF structures selected for examination in this paper.


Although the radiated sound of similar musical instruments (e.g., two recorders made by the same maker) can be compared using an artificial excitation apparatus to eliminate a player‐induced effect on the sound, this introduces another problem. Even if differences are found, the question remains as to whether these differences are musically significant: Would the musician not be able to compensate for these differences, making them irrelevant? One way of overcoming this problem is to have a musician play the instruments in a manner as close to that of real performance as possible. This paper presents a method for comparing the sounds of similar musical instruments, whereby a musician is asked to play a known piece many times on each instrument. The radiated sounds are recorded and subsequently spectrum‐analyzed using the program SNDAN. Later on, time‐varying parameters such as the rms amplitude, fundamental frequency, and spectral centroid as well as average and standard deviations of these parameters are...


This master thesis is a result of the work carried out for Research Electronics at Siljansnas. The company develops customized electronical systems. Because of the rapidly increasing interest in co ...


Large software systems are often deployed putting together many Commercial-Off-The-Shelf software components (COTS). The selection of the COTS to be integrated is driven by the software system requirements. In this paper, we propose the RECSS method aimed at supporting requirements elicitation and analysis in the context of COTS-based software systems. RECSS builds a goal model of the system environment which identifies the external elements that interact with it. Next, the system is decomposed into actors for which ISO/IEC-based quality models are built. As part of the process, environmental and platform characteristics that influence the behaviour of the system are identified. Last, the resulting artefacts are used to analyse and refine the system requirements.


The format and enumerative standards of ELR "Recent Studies" surveys are generally consistent with those used in the forthcoming Recent Studies in English Renaissance Drama, ed. Terence P. Logan and Denzell S . Smith (University of Nebraska Press). Scholarship is organized by authors or titles of anonymous works. Items included represent the combined entries listed in the annual bibliographies published by PMLA, SP, YWES, and MHRA from 1945 through, in the present instance, 1969, supplemented by a selective list of general studies and additional annual bibliographies. This material, at the discretion of the individual contributor, has been either included in the prose commentary or listed in the See alro sections. The series is intended to combine a topical review of research with a reasonably complete bibliography. ELR bibliographical articles will expand the Nebraska series to include nondramatic authors and, when appropriate, bring the dramatic surveys up to date. Preliminary enumerative bibliography and editorial work are done at the Renaissance English Bibliography Center, University of New Hampshire. Journal title abbreviations used are from the Directory of Journals and Series in the Humanities, compiled by Harrison T. Meserole and Carolyn James Bishop (New York, 1970) .-Terence P. Logan, Director; Renaissance English Bibliography Center; University of New Hampshire, Durham


In 2005, the Georgia Division of Aging Services initiated the Kinship Care Program to provide services to grandparents raising grandchildren throughout Georgia's 12 regional Area Agencies on Aging. Many of the grandparents who receive Division of Aging Services services reside in rural communities. To assess the impact of the program among rural grandparents and learn more about their needs, an evaluation study was conducted with 30 grandparents in four rural Kinship Care Program sites around Georgia. Analysis of focus group and questionnaire data indicated that grandparents had concerns about their own health and the health of their grandchildren and faced many challenges related to child rearing. Challenges included limited services for children with disabilities, lack of assistance with permanency planning and other legal issues related to adoption, and insensitive service providers. The data showed that grandparents also were plagued with feelings of isolation and marginalization within the community. Many grandparents reported that the most beneficial service they received from the Kinship Care program was the psychological support and information exchange provided by support groups. Barriers to support group participation, such as lack of transportation and child care services and lack of options for intergenerational activities were identified as service gaps. This paper presents findings from this evaluation. Included are implications for service programs targeting rural grandparents raising grandchildren and recommendations for improving service delivery to this group of older adults.


The Indian economy has grown at an average rate of 6.4% a year since 1992. The average rate of economic growth in the 1990s is indeed impressive, compared with the 5.8% recorded in the 1980s. Policy makers never fail to link economic growth with the apparent drop in poverty from 36.19% in 199394 to 26.10% in 1999-2000. 2 Such rhetoric belies reality. The total number of poor has increased substantially and so has inter-regional disparity. The fact is that 44.2% of India's population lives with an income of less than USD 1/day. 3 The Human Development Report 2001 ranks India 115, with a Human Development Index (HDI) value of 0.571. The three main reasons for deprivation and increased inequality are the inequitable distribution of land and natural resources, the lack of adequate financing for social development; and the adverse impact on the poor of liberalisation, structural adjustment and the trade regime led by the World Trade Organisation (WTO).


Objective To evaluate the effects and advantages of propofol intravenous anesthesia in painless esophagoscopy for extraction of foreign bodies in the esophagus.Methods 46 patients underwent painless esophagoscopy,and on other 46 patients undergoing conventional esophagoscopy served as the control.The successful rate,operative time and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results Adverse events of bucking,nausea and vomiting,restlessness breath holding in the painless group were much lower than those in the control group.There were statistic differences between the two groups(P0.005).However,the operative time and the successful rate were not significantly different between the two groups(P0.05).No severe complication was found in either group.None needed endotracheal intubation.Conclusion Intravenous sedation with propofol in extraction of foreign bodies in the esophagus can relieve the suffering and adverse reactions,and it is safe,quick,comfortable and effective for extraction of foreign bodies in the esophagus and is worthy to be applied in the clinic.


For the scenario where the target can actively defend against the attacking missile, an optimal guidance law for the attacking missile that can simultaneously evade the defending missile and intercept the target is proposed. To increase lethality of the attacking missile, the terminal angle constraint is considered. Assuming that the defending missile and the target is using a known control strategy, the guidance law design problem for the attacking missile is formulated as an optimal control problem with inequality constraint. General solution of the problem is derived for arbitrary order dynamics of the adversaries. Then first-order dynamics of the three players are considered and an analytic solution is presented. Numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the high performance of the proposed guidance law.


Simple Summary Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a group of rare cancers that are associated with poor prognosis. Biomarker testing may provide CCA patients access to effective, personalized treatment options. However, several barriers exist to the seamless adoption of precision medicine in patients with CCA. Experts from the University of California (UC) Davis and UC Irvine identified gaps in standard practices for biomarker testing and recommended best practices, which are summarized in this review. Abstract Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a heterogenous group of malignancies originating in the biliary tree, and associated with poor prognosis. Until recently, treatment options have been limited to surgical resection, liver-directed therapies, and chemotherapy. Identification of actionable genomic alterations with biomarker testing has revolutionized the treatment paradigm for these patients. However, several challenges exist to the seamless adoption of precision medicine in patients with CCA, relating to a lack of awareness of the importance of biomarker testing, hurdles in tissue acquisition, and ineffective collaboration among the multidisciplinary team (MDT). To identify gaps in standard practices and define best practices, multidisciplinary hepatobiliary teams from the University of California (UC) Davis and UC Irvine were convened; discussions of the meeting, including optimal approaches to tissue acquisition for diagnosis and biomarker testing, communication among academic and community healthcare teams, and physician education regarding biomarker testing, are summarized in this review.


"New York Times"-bestselling author Trudeau offers a one-stop source for billions of dollars that are ready, available, and waiting to be claimed. Hundreds of pages of easy-to-read and easy-to-follow steps will tell readers exactly what to do to find their share of this "free" money.


What we know of the social insects, and especially the extraordinary organization of agriculture and warfare among the ants, is striking both in terms of their convergence and in the almost alien nature of these complex societies. Certainly the jointed skeletons, the compound eyes, the miniaturized clones, and apparently robotic social organization are a familiar staple of science fiction. Suppose that there are advanced extraterrestrials: will they be like us, at least vaguely humanoid, or so alien as to defy belief and perhaps even recognition, let alone communication? The majority certainly tends towards the latter opinion. It probably owes as much as anything to George Gaylord Simpson, one of the last century's great evolutionary biologists. He was a prolific writer, and among the 16 papers he published in 1964 was one baldly entitled 'The nonprevalence of humanoids'. Simpson's article, presented with characteristic force and intelligence, was a sustained protest against what he saw as unwarranted extrapolation and conjecture. He argued that the history of life as revealed on Earth could not possibly be taken as a useful guide to biological events anywhere else in the Universe. Simpson presented his argument carefully, acknowledging that planets suitable for habitation would probably be in fairly short supply, and he conceded further that the likelihood of life itself arising was even lower. But no matter: as Simpson remarked, the Universe is a big place, so however uncommon life was, the total number of planets with life must be quite large.


Test heat pipes have been operated in the 1400 K to 1700 K range for periods in excess of 20,000 hours with the objective of understanding and controlling corrosion and failure mechanisms. The results of a post test analysis of one of these heat pipes that was operated for 25,216 hours at 1700 K are reviewed and the implications for heat pipe lifetime discussed. An in-process report of an investigation of transient heat pipe behavior is presented. This investigation is being conducted as a result of restart problems encountered during life test of a 2 m. radiation cooled heat pipe. The results of a series of shut-down tests from power and temperature are given and probable causes of the restart problem discussed.


A lubricity testing apparatus 10, e.g. a Ball on Three Discs (BOTD) lubricity tester includes a fuel reservoir 12 in which the fuel is dispensed with a syringe for testing. The fuel reservoir 12 houses a metal disc holder 14, three metal discs 14, a ceramic ball 16, and the test fuel sample. The apparatus further includes an assembly 22,24,26,28 for sealing the testing chamber 12 to prevent moisture transfer during admission and testing of the fuel. Also disclosed is a corresponding method of testing the lubricity of diesel fuel using the above apparatus.


Background: Uterine rupture (UR)is one of the most serious obstetrical emergencies necessitating prompt diagnosis and management, as it en-dangers the maternal and fetal life. Uterine rupture (scarred/ unscarred) may occur at any stage of pregnancy. In developed countries, with good antenatal care and good supervision during labour, (UR) has become rare except by dehiscence of a caesarean scar. The objective of present study was to find out risk factors, management, related complications and associated maternal and fetal outcomes with rupture uterus.Methods: A retrospective study, data files and the case notes was retrieved from the medical records department at Aswan university hospital from January 1 2013 to December 31 2013 in the form of data relating to the age, parity, gestational age, method of termination, perinatal outcomes, and related maternal complications.Results: There were 4284 deliveries during the period under review among them 5 cases of uterine rupture. Thus, the incidence of uterine rupture was 1.1/1000 deliveries.3 cases (60%) of them had no antenatal care at any hospital or primary care center. The risk factors in these cases are in majority 4 (80%) of cases uterine rupture occurred in women with previous scar, 1case (20%) of cases uterine rupture occurred in women with none scarred uterus. As regard surgical management 3 cases (60%) managed by hysterectomy and 2cases (40%) managed by repair. As regard maternal and fetal outcome all women required blood transfusion. Associated bladder rupture was repaired in two cases (40%). After excluding fetal wastage before the age of viability, perinatal mortality was 100% (5/5).Conclusions: Present retrospective analytical study has concluded that rupture uterus is a life-threatening complication. Proper antenatal and intrapartum care, identification of high risk factors, promotion of skilled attendance at birth and institutional delivery are key factors in reduction and early diagnosis.


In 1858 J. I. Kraszewski accomplished a trip around Italy, a country defined by Goethe as the artists ' Arcadia. His trip was described in his travel diary Kartki z podróży 1858-1864 (Travel pages 18581864). Kraszewski's aims as an artist and art critic were to deepen his theoretical knowlegde, to see the Antique Rome, since he was fascinated by archeology and history, and visit Dante's city, because he had translated The Divine Comedy around 1864.