Plants constitute one of the largest sources of natural products (NPs) whose biological activities have been exploited by humans for agronomic, cosmetic or pharmacological purposes. For instance, many of these NPs became essential components of the therapeutic arsenal deployed against cancers since many years, such as the lignan-derived podophyllotoxin produced by the mayapple Podophyllum hexandrum (Buss et al., 1995). However, NPs are usually accumulated in minute amounts in plants and their complex structures hinder total chemical synthesis at least at an industrial scale. While extraction and purification procedures have been improved and combined to semi-synthetic approaches, many plant drugs still exhibit high production costs and a supply mostly based on the exploitation of the natural resources. This engenders a huge pressure on the NP producing plants, many of which suffer from overexploitation, causing a recurring shortage of drugs currently used in the clinic. In order to secure NP supply, new strategies of production have emerged such as those relying on the transfer of genes in heterologous organisms and the metabolic engineering (Carqueijeiro et al., 2020). Based on the pioneering production of the semi-synthetic production of the antimalarial artemisinin (Paddon and Keasling, 2014), metabolic engineering approaches relying on the creation of microbial cell factories have been continuously developed over the last 10 years. Through the transfer of plant genes into diverse heterologous organisms such as yeast, successful productions of valuables NPs have been achieved including resveratrol, a grape wine polyphenol displaying antioxidant properties (Li et al., 2015), ginsenosides Rh2 and R3 with promising properties against cancers (Wang et al., 2015), cannabinoids Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) from hemp known for their beneficial psychoactive effects on human health (Gülck et al., 2020), andmonoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) from the Madagascar periwinkle whose prominent members vincristine and vinblastine exhibit anticancer activities (Brown et al., 2015). While most of these NPs results from de novo synthesis, bioconversion approaches, relying on the feeding of the cell factories with an easily accessible precursor, has been also explored with success to produce vindoline used OPEN ACCESS


This paper presents the latest results of international research on equity-based crowdfunding, and thus – according to the authors' current knowledge – fills a gap in the Hungarian literature. Equity-based crowdfunding offers a fundraising opportunity through online platforms for small and medium-sized enterprises seeking alternative forms of funding for growth opportunities and innovation in this digital age. Investors interested in risk-adjusted financial return have several methods available to handle capital market friction and agent costs in the context of "crowdfunding". Information signals on entrepreneurial quality are essential for seasoned investors when making capital allocation decisions in a crowdfunding campaign. In addition to the national legislative framework, platforms have many different rules, techniques and cultural norms that attempt to handle capital market imperfections.


Windowing technique is used to eliminate the impulse responseto resize the filters. Two windows (Tukey and Kaiser) are the most the popular window methods, we can realize various types of windows depending on their characteristics and specification of ripple factor by using the particular those windows. We have proposed a new modified window method, known as MSK FIR window which is imposed to compare its parameters with these two parent windows (Kaiser and Tukey).The proposed new MSK FIR window is realized from mixing Kaiser and Tukey windows. The characteristics of new MSK FIR Windows are verified for the 101 window size. After implementation of the FIR filter with the new MSK FIR window it is obviously that the performance will be good and more stable.


Air pollution is now one of the most pressing environmental concerns. Air Quality Index is a tool for effective communication of air quality status to people in terms, which are easy to understand. To assess the Air Quality Index of Bhopal city of Madhya Pradesh, India, a study has been conducted during year 2016-17. Total eighteen locations were selected in Bhopal city for ambient air quality monitoring of seven pollutants mainly Particulate Matter less than 10 µ size (PM10), Particulate Matter less than 2.5 µ size (PM2.5), Oxides of nitrogen (NOx), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Ozone (O3), Ammonia (NH3) and Lead (Pb). These all pollutants may pose harmful effect on human health, as exposure of these are associated with cardiovascular, respiratory disease, neurological impairments, increased risk of preterm birth, mortality and morbidity. Therefore Air Quality Index of developing city such as Bhopal is important for health concern in India. The study revealed that average concentration of gaseous pollutants i.e. NOx, SO2, O3, NH3 in ambient air are well within standard limits at all selected locations however Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5) levels were found exceeding the National Ambient Air Quality Standards 2009 at all monitoring locations. Air Quality Index was poor (207.82-241.92) at three locations, Moderate (105.62-193.07) at twelve locations and satisfactory (78-97) at three locations around the city. Overall ambient Air Quality Index of Bhopal city was observed to be moderate during this study span.


ABSTRACT Let G = W(Cn) be a whiskered cycle graph with edge ideal I = I(G). We prove that for every s≥1, the equality holds.


In this report, the regulative effect of the human anti-HBs was studied in humanbody. 103 health volunteers were injected with high titer human anti-Hbs (Ab1) three years ago, 11 cases were followed to detect the HBsAg, anti-idiotypic anti-bodies (Ab2) and anti-anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab3) in sera. Nobody was found to be infected isth HBV during this period, and usually the titre of Ab3 were higher than that of Ab2. these results reconfirmed that the dynamic changes between Ab2 and Ab3 of immune sera were to be cyclical by way of their interaction, injection of exogenous human anti-HBs not only could bring about passive immunity but also could induce active immunity by activation of idotypic network in humanbody.


The optimisation routines and the validation models for the Electrical Machines(EM) are often based on Finite Element Method (FEM) models. However, their computation time is manifestly high, and are often replaced by semi-analytical models, which approximate the essential performance of EM with reduced computational cost. Therefore, the trade-off between the model accuracy and the size of the problem leads to the appropriate choice of the modelling technique [1]. Recently, Spectral Element Method (SEM) which uses higher order mesh elements compared to FEM, has been implemented for EM [2]. The latter benefits from higher convergence rate, resulting in a smaller size of the problem. Therefore, SEM is considered a potential option for building low-cost EM models. However, complex EM geometries are challenging for any technique, limiting their accuracy by the high aspect ratio and shapes with sharp corners. Consequently, the performance analysis must be thoroughly checked before making the choice. In this paper, the performance analysis of both SEM and FEM is discussed. An analytical solution for the magnetic field is used for the reference which is generated by the Harmonic Model (HM) [3] using a finite number of harmonics.


Afwillite and jennite occur as fissure-filling veins up to 3 mm wide in the spurrite zone in skarns at Fuka. Jennite occurs also as alteration products of spurrite. The occurrences suggest that afwillite was formed from fluids in fractured spurrite and that jennite was formed by alteration of afwillite and by hydration decomposition of spurrite.Afwillite crystals are tabular up to 0.3 mm in width or radial aggregates of fibers up to 4 mm in length. The mineral is white in color with a vitreous luster and colorless in thin section. The mineral is monoclinic with unit cell parameters of a=16.276(4), b=5.6336(4), c=13.236(3)A and β=134.89(1)°. EPMA and wet chemical analyses gave an empirical formula Ca2.98(Si2.00B0.04) Σ2.04O4.06 {(OH)5.90F0.04} Σ5.94 based on O+OH+F=10. Optically, the mineral is biaxial positive with refractive indices α=1.617, β=1.621 and γ=1.632, 2V=56°, and elongation positive or negative. Vickers microhardness is 351∼383 kg/mm2 (25g load) and density is 2.63g/cm3.Jennite in the vein occurs as parallel or radial aggregates of acicular crystals with length up to 0.2 mm. The mineral is white in color with a vitreous luster and colorless in thin section. The mineral is triclinic with unit cell parameters of a=10.577(4), b=7.271(5), c=10.828(4)A, α=99.60(4), β=97.62(3) and γ=110.18(4)°. EPMA and wet chemical analyses gave an empirical formula Ca9.00H2.00(Si5.95Al0.02) Σ5.97O17.93(OH)8.00·6.07H2O based on O=32. Optically, the mineral is biaxial negative with refractive indices α=1.548, β=1.562 and γ=1.570, and elongation positive. Vickers microhardness is 145∼155 kg/mm2 (25g load) and density is 2.33 g/cm3.


© 2012 Melan and Galy, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Recall Performance in Air Traffic Controllers Across the 24-hr Day: Influence of Alertness and Task Demands on Recall Strategies


In this paper the vacuum energy between two birefringent plates is calculated under the quantized surface mode technique, and an analytical approximate expression of Casimir force is obtained in the retarded limit.


In compressible flows particle imaging, as done in Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), is far from trivial. The inhomogeneous refractive index field can cause aero-optical aberrations including blurring of the image, especially near optical interfaces such as shock waves. The understanding of the process causing particle image blur (or blurring of the point spread function of the imaging system) is important in order to assess the measurement accuracy of optical measurement systems, such as PIV. A model for imaging through a shock wave is presented to determine the characteristic shape of blurred particle images when imaged across shock waves. The conjectured model is validated through a PIV experiment, where particle image recordings of the flow across a steady oblique shock wave are obtained in a supersonic wind tunnel. The parametric study focuses on two dominating parameters: 1) the angle between the viewing axis and the shock wave; 2) the numerical aperture of the imaging optics.


Abstract:This essay discusses the Royal Shakespeare Company's virtual Dream that was streamed in March 2021, reaching over 53,000 people from more than seventy countries. Led by publicity to expect a dazzling virtual spectacle, many spectators found the experience underwhelming, feeling baffled by a Puck avatar who groped around an artificial looking nighttime wood, whipped about by a storm. This article suggests that, instead of dismissing this project too easily, it can be read as a truly contemporary rendering of the play in Giorgio Agamben's sense. Shakespeare becomes contemporary through a dramatic exploration of obscurity, showing how characters are compelled to act, to make decisions, and to abandon themselves to a potentially dangerous environment that they do not fully understand or control. Like Shakespeare's mechanicals, tripped up in their rehearsal process by the strange workings in the woods near Athens, the RSC's Dream cast were groping towards an expression of their present predicament, sending out a flickering message from their COVID-19 lockdown. The production captured contemporary obscurity and anxiety caused by the challenges of climate change, the pandemic, and digital transformation.


Abstract This paper introduces a study on an authorized strategy text that is played out in the managerial strategy narrative and aimed at enacting a strategic change. The paper examines especially how it is done by using micro processes and functions of the language. It aims to answer the following broad research question: How does the managerial strategy narrative construct the strategic change? Previous research has demonstrated the importance of the managerial strategy narrative for strategizing in organizations (Mantere, 2008) and therefore this paper examines the company president's strategy narrative. The managerial strategy narrative refers to the strategy story as told by the president in his letters to all employees during a strategic change of five years. Since the president possesses power and authority in his organizational position, his strategy narrative is the authorized strategy narrative. There is also reason to assume that his narrative of strategy is aimed at constructing the strategic...


The increasing number of aircraft movements has caused aircraft noise to be perceived as a serious environmental problem. In order to reduce aircraft noise several noise optimized approach procedures, take-off procedures, and corresponding flight paths have been developed. In addition, several measures like night flight restrictions, noise preferential runways, bigger airplanes, quieter engines and noise contingent contributes have also been proposed for the reduction of aircraft noise. This paper discusses different sources of flight trajectories that can be used for noise calculation and analyses their advantages and disadvantages. On this basis selected evaluation results of noise abatement procedures developed in a German government study are presented and discussed.


Despite intensive effort, the majority of the annotated Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome consists of genes encoding proteins of unknown or poorly understood function. For example, there are seven conserved hypothetical proteins annotated as homologs of pyridoxine 5′-phosphate oxidase (PNPOx), an enzyme that oxidizes pyridoxine 5′-phosphate (PNP) or pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate (PMP) to form pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP). We have characterized the function of Rv2607 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and shown that it encodes a PNPOx that oxidizes PNP to PLP. The kcat and KM for this reaction were 0.01 s−1 and 360 µM, respectively. Unlike many PNPOx enzymes, Rv2607 does not recognize PMP as a substrate.


The invention provides a real-time user traffic statistics method. The method comprises the following steps: determining whether a user access target network is a charging network or not according to the uniform resource locator (URL) of the user access target network, and if so, reporting the traffic used by the user access target network to a PCRF (Policy and Charging Rules Function) in real time through a gateway GPRS support node (GGSN); and accumulating the traffic used by user access through the PCRF. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the instantaneity is very high, and waiting for user disconnection and generation of an original call detail record on a core network side is not required. Various threshold values and triggering conditions can be set flexibly, and traffic use information can be transmitted flexibly according to actual requirements of a user. A current network structure is not changed; new equipment is not required; and the method is suitable for batch deployment.


We report utilization patterns and characteristics of patients treated with biologic anti‐inflammatory agents in a large commercially insured patient population in the United States. We identified adult (age ≥18 years) patients receiving biologic anti‐inflammatory agents between 1 January 2012 and 31 March 2019 across the five Research Partners in the Biologic and Biosimilars Collective Intelligence Consortium's Distributed Research Network. We examined the number of incident use episodes for each biologic, as well as patient demographic and clinical characteristics. Curated data and analytic tools from the Food and Drug Administration's Sentinel System were used to perform the analyses. We identified 90,360 incident episodes of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha inhibitors (TNFi) and 70,506 incident episodes of non‐TNFi medications. Adalimumab was the most common TNFi drug (47% of all TNFi episodes) and showed a steady increase in utilization during the study period compared to other TNFi agents. Rituximab was the most commonly initiated non‐TNFi medication (44% of non‐TNFi episodes). Other non‐TNFi agents, namely, ustekinumab, vedolizumab, and secukinumab, demonstrated notable increases in utilization over time. Biosimilar use was limited; we observed 653 incident episodes for infliximab‐dyyb and 39 incident episodes for infliximab‐abda. As more biologics enter the market, greater variation in the use of biologics with similar indications and between biologic originators and biosimilars is anticipated. Because information on efficacy and safety at the time of drug approval is limited, post‐marketing surveillance and research is needed to monitor medication safety and evaluate effectiveness between biologic drugs using real‐world data.


According to the multi-beam interference principle, the prism-leaky waveguide coupler was analysed theoretically, and compared with the prism-waveguide coupler. Oriterions for properly using those two kinds of couplers were also given. Analysis results show that the prism-leaky waveguide coupler can be used for measuring parameters of the thin films and input-output coupling of the optical waveguide as operated substantially under strong coupling conditions. For weak coupling, our results agreed with Tien and Ulrich's theoretical analyses.


AbstractThe influence of warm working and tempering on the formation of fissures on the fractured faces of Charpy V-notch samples has been examined for a variety of ferrite–pearlite steels and iron alloys which had been rolled in the temperature range 600–400°C and tempered in the range 600–725°C. In accordance with fissures being initiated by the ease of intergranular failure along the ferrite grain boundaries, the number of deep fissures produced on warm working increased with the degree of grain boundary alignment in the rolling direction and the grain aspect ratio (maximum grain diameter/minimum grain diameter). Pearlite banding and the presence of grain boundary carbides were found not to influence the number of fissures formed, fissuring behaviour being the same for the Fe–Mn alloys and plain C–Mn steels. The presence of low levels of S and P also did not influence fissure formation. At a given average grain aspect ratio it was found that the introduction of a two phase rolling sequence (760–720°C) ...


Latent heat is stored in a liquid storage material having a variable phase-dependent density from which material heat is subsequently removed by heat transfer with an immiscible liquid interfaced with the storage material, such that storage material at the interface is solidified resulting in the separation thereof from the interface by buoyancy forces.


Abstract. The present time is characterized by crisis signs. As a result of the study, it was found that in the modern conditions of the transformational transformations of the national economy, enterprises are faced with a number of problems associated, including with the management of their economic security. Therefore, a motivational mechanism for managing the economic security of enterprises is needed, as a set of actions aimed at creating conditions for achieving a protected state of enterprise development in the process of adapting to transformations in space and time. The central functional element in the economic security management system of an enterprise is motivation, which encourages planning and organizing its activities to achieve a protected state of enterprise development with obtaining positive economic indicators.
Along with the general scientific principles of managing the economic security of enterprises, such as: goal-setting; controllability of the control process; relevance; consistency; scientific approach; – in the course of the study, the principles were determined that are inherent in the motivational mechanism for managing the economic security of an enterprise, namely: the principle of continuity of management, cyclicity, adequacy, flexibility of the economic security management system of an enterprise, etc.
It has been proved that the most effective tools of the motivational mechanism for managing the economic security of enterprises in modern conditions are national ones. A combination of entrepreneurial tools such as: creativity of thinking; innovativeness of the management system; adequate information content of the control system; accessible digitalization of management – with state tools of the motivational mechanism for managing the economic security of enterprises, it is possible to achieve a certain development of their innovative activities.
Key words: economic security, management, enterprise, management mechanism, motivational management mechanism.


The interannual variability of the annual maximum ice cover (AMIC) of the Great Lakes is generally dominated by a dipole pattern over mid-latitude North America and Western Alaska via a ridge-troug...


(1) Background: Emotional intelligence plays a critical role in one's socialization and psychological adjustment. The current study is an attempt to obtain a comparative analysis of the emotional intelligence among the cricketers that are blind or suffer from visual impairment. The major objective of the study is to measure the emotional intelligence of visually impaired athletes along with the influence of their physical activities and demographic variables. (2) Methods: The employed survey method, with a descriptive research design, was based on a selective purpose sample of 220, which included a mean age of 28.38 years and an age range from 18 to 40 years, visually impaired cricketers, and non-cricketers from Punjab. The selective individuals completely provided their demographic information by filling out two forms, which included the short-form trait emotional intelligence questionnaire (TEIQue-SF) and the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ-SF). (3) Results: There is a significant relationship with emotional intelligence among the cricketers that are blind or suffer from visual impairment. Furthermore, the demographic variables had a significant impact on emotional intelligence (EI). Based on these findings, this study suggests administering a longitudinal study of visually impaired athletes in future research. In addition, different statistical populations of visually impaired athletes can be studied in order to compare their emotional intelligence with other psychological variables.


In recent years many new and exciting space concepts have developed around spacecraft formation flying. This form of distributed system has the advantages of being extremely flexible and robust. This paper considers the development of new control methodologies based on the artificial potential function method and extends previous research in this area by considering bifurcation theory as a means of controlling the transition between different formations. For real, safety critical applications it is important to prove the stability of the system. This paper therefore aims to replace algorithm validation with mathematical proof through dynamical systems theory. Finally we consider the transition of formations at the Sun-Earth L2 point.


It presents the coupling of Pseudo-spectral method (PS) and domain decomposition method (DDM) for the elastostatic problem. First, the original problem is decomposed into several sub-problems by DDM. Next combining the advantage of easy programming and high accuracy of Pseudo-spectral method, we can solve these sub-problems in parallel by PS. Finally the global numerical solution is obtained by the partition of unity approximation. Some numerical experiments illustrate the effectiveness and accuracy of our method.


Intermolecular forces in liquids  van der Waals, electrostatic, steric  range over a distance of about 1-100 nm. When liquids are confined to such length scales, their properties and behavior can be significantly altered. In this paper, I have discussed how confined liquids can be used to study biomolecules and biomolecular reactions. Much of the fundamental knowledge is yet to be developed, although this may have direct impact on biotechnology. INTRODUCTION It is fair to say that over the past decade, micro/nanoscale heat transfer has been perhaps the most exciting and active area of research within the heat transfer community, and has also attracted the most amount of research funding. Activity in this area started sometime in the late 1980s. The research was partly driven by the tremendous success of microelectronics and a clear vision that devices were going to become smaller and faster, and that future developments would require an extensive knowledge base for the continuously shrinking time and length scales that would reach tens of nanometers within decades. This also coincided with the invention of a wide variety of experimental tools such as the scanning tunneling and force microscopes and femtosecond lasers, which provided immediate access to phenomena at nanoscales. The ability to make microdevices using MEMS technology became standardized at around the same time. In addition, computing power became readily available such that molecular dynamic and stochastic simulations of micro/nanoscale thermal phenomena became feasible. All these factors put together led to an intense influx and genesis of new theoretical concepts, experimental techniques, and device designs, which led to a remarkable pace of progress. While the research activity continues to grow, one may ask if there is anything left to do or if there are research areas that we should be exploring in the


The cycling of methane across the soils of the tidally flooded bank margins in the tidal freshwater portion of the White Oak River estuary, North Carolina, was investigated from October 1990 to November 199 1. A comparison between these bank cdgcs and adjacent submerged stations was made. The bank stations showed large seasonal variations in methane production rates, with very little being produced in winter and large amounts (up to 1,000 mg m 2 d- I) during summer. This seasonality seems to be linked to the cycle of growth and senescence of vascular plants growing in these soils. In contrast, the submerged stations produced smaller amounts of methane year-round, with moderate increases during summer. Vascular plants are not rooted in these submerged sediments. Seasonal variations in methane production rates at the tidally flooded bank stations led to significant changes in the dissolved methane pool sizes. Although production rates and pore-water concentrations increased with seasonal increases in soil temperatures, the flux of methane to the atmosphere remained fairly low and variable. Methane flux varied with stage of the semidiurnal tidal cycle and exhibited a bimodal distribution, with fluxes greatest when the water level was nearest the soil surface. During summer months, methane production was up to 10 times greater than its flux to the atmosphere. This large difference between production and flux is attributed mainly to bacterially mediated methane oxidation at the soil surface during low-tide exposure and(or) in the root zone of plants. However, in midsummer, lateral export of dissolved methane from the bank soils, driven by tidal flushing, may account for almost 30% of this discrepancy between production and flux. Global budget estimates for methane, such as those of Cicerone and Orcmland (1988) and Tyler (1989), have shown that natural wetlands can contribute up to 50% of the methane emitted annually to the atmosphere. Thus, a major effort has been made to map the world's wetlands (Matthews and Fung 1987; Aselman and Crutzen 1989) and to determine average fluxes from the major biomes. Grill (in press) divided the world's wetlands into four major latitudinal zones, tropical (O-20"), temperate (2045"), boreal (45-65"), and arctic (>65") and calculated that more than half (52.6%) of the yearly emission of methane from wetlands comes from the colder regions (boreal, 45.6%; arctic, 7.0%), with another 40.6% from the tropics and only 6.8% from temperate regions. Although temperate wetlands may contribute relatively little to the global methane flux (Crill in press), they can provide important opportunities to study factors that control methane production and flux. Given the east of access to these regions, they lend themselves to seasonal studies in which processes affecting the production of methane and its mode of transport to the atmosphere can be ascertained (c.g. Chanton and Martens 1988; Wilson


A wide-angle scanning filtenna array for 5G millimeter wave (mmWave) applications is proposed in this paper. The filtenna consists of a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity, a dual-mode waveguide cavity and two slots. The dual-mode resonance in the waveguide cavity is tuned by the metal ridges. As a result, a four-order band-pass filtering response with a radiation null is achieved. The prototype filtenna covers the 5G NR n258 band (24.25 – 27.5 GHz) with a flat in-band broadside gain of 7.1 dBi. Finally, an 8×2 slot filtenna array is designed with a good wide-angle beam-scanning performance.


In order to avoid premature convergence and to balance the exploration and exploitation abilities of simple GA,a hybrid algorithm was proposed to solve dynamic scheduling problem in flexible production environment. It is using GA excellent whole search ability and self-adaptive merit of Tabu Search(TS), and the convergence of research was improved. It is capable of generating alternative schedule after uncertain disturbance takes place on a job shop. After using crossover and mutation operations, a best or second best scheduling plan can be found. The result of the test shows that the method is feasible and efficient.


Most shared memory systems maximize performance by unpredictably resolving memory races. Unpredictable memory races can lead to nondeterminism in parallel programs, which can suffer from hard-to-reproduce hiesenbugs. We introduce Calvin, a shared memory model capable of executing in a conventional nondeterministic mode when performance is paramount and a deterministic mode when execution repeatability is important. Unlike prior hardware proposals for deterministic execution, Calvin exploits the flexibility of a memory consistency model weaker than sequential consistency. Specifically, Calvin logically orders memory operations into strata that are compatible with the Total Store Order (TSO). Calvin is also designed with the needs of future power-aware processors in mind, and does not require any speculation support. We develop a Calvin-MIST implementation that uses an unordered coalescing write cache, multiple-write coherence protocol, and delayed (timebomb) invalidations while maintaining TSO compatibility. Results show that Calvin-MIST can execute workloads in conventional mode at speeds comparable to a conventional system (providing compatibility) or execute deterministically for a modest average slowdown of less than 20% (when determinism is valued).


CL-Med is a model of Cooperative Learning based on Multimedia toimprove student learning achievement. This study aimed to analize theeffectiveness of the CL-Med towards attitude and the achievement of Englishlanguage learners by using queasy experiment. Some 64 students of two cllasseswere taken as the sample of the study whereby 32 students were treated as theexperimental group and the control group.The instruments used to collect the datawere a set of questionnaire and a test to gain required information from therespondents. The data were analysed using descriptive and inference analysis. Thefindings of the experimental study provided the evidence that there was asignificant distinction from the aspects of attitude and achievement. Theimplication of the study is that the CL-Med could help teachers to improvestudent learning achievement in English language teaching. Key words : CL-Med, Students' Achievement, Attitude


Learning disorders affect more than 10% of adolescent students (1). Many youths with learning disorders experience frustration in school as they struggle to complete complex assignments. Learning disorders are common throughout the developmental period (2); however, most diagnostics in medical and psychological practice are inconsistent (1). This has led to an increasing interest in complementary and alternative therapies (3), such as acupuncture, chiropractic therapy, and massage therapy (4). From complementary and integrative health approaches, auriculotherapy has been practiced as a therapeutic intervention for a long time in the Chinese population and has recently gained recognition and is now increasingly being practiced worldwide. Clarke et al. (5) estimated the use of complementary health approaches among adults in the United States at three time points [2002, 2007, and 2012] and found a spike in the use of Chinese complementary and integrative medicine. Its application is expanding in the primary health care sector (6), for the treatment of chronic and acute pain, temporomandibular dysfunction, weight reduction, and smoking cessation (7,8). Given that auriculotherapy is a safe, simple, and low-cost technique (9), it is being used to treat a wide variety of conditions (7). The efficacy and safety of auriculotherapy in older patients with cognitive impairment and dementia have been previously analyzed. However, the results were inconclusive due to the small sample size and poor methodology of the included studies (10). The effects of auriculotherapy on learning, cognition, and memory are scarce, especially in adolescents (10). To address this gap, our research aims to answer the following question: Could auriculotherapy improve cognition and memory in adolescents? To answer this research question, we performed a systematic review to analyze the influence of auriculotherapy on cognition and memory in adolescents.


A thick-film resistor system that does not use a rare-earth or a transitional element was fabricated with semi-metallic BaPbO/sub 3/ and alkali glass powders. Its characteristics are comparable to conventional thick-film resistors such as those in the RuO/sub 2/-based system, while the cost is much lower. The relationship between glass-frit content and sheet resistivity is approximated by an exponential equation, and an almost one-order increase in resistivity was observed for every 10 wt.% increase in glass content. A conduction model consisting of three different types of conducting channels is proposed to explain both the blending curve and temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) characteristics. A high-Pb content in the raw BaPbO/sub 3/ material is essential to avoid the degradation of resistor characteristics by moisture. Silver was found to be a TCR modifier and can also improve stability in the BaPbO/sub 3/-based resistor system. >


The Guardian assistant editor and former political editor believes the BBC's famously prickly inquisitor should consider retirement and comments: "When the familiar voice of Grumpy Humpy (my private designation) greets me it is often not long before I am shouting back at the set. Usually it is along the lines of 'You can't say that, John', or 'Let the man finish the sentence, John.' I realise I am not alone in shouting at the radio, a more intimate medium than TV; nor in sometimes wishing that Radio 4's national treasure should be reburied or, at the very least, dropped down a deep well to cool off."


Acknowledgements 1. Authorship and Genre:Practice and Theory. 2. John Ford: Founding Father. 3. Anthony Mann: The Overreacher. 4. Budd Boetticher: Rules of the Game. 5. Sam Peckinpah:The Savage Eye. 6. Sergio Leone: A Fistful of Westerns. 7. Clint Eastwood:Tightrope Walker. Select Bibliography


How can noise, vibration and cost be further reduced in automotive suspension systems? Introducing the spring-insulating suspension bearing from SKF…


Objective To investigate the positive rate,distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in blood culture in the Second People′s Hospital of Liwan District in the recent years.Methods We used mutually development bottle and API germ authenticate analysis system to do the blood culture,and drug sensitivity was tested by using ATB analysis and K-B method.Results Among 596 blood culture,61 strains(10.23%)of bacteria were isolated,27 strains of gram-positive(44.3%),34 strains of gram-negative(55.7%).The result showed that Escherichia coli,coagulase negative staphylococcus,stayphylococcus aureus,klebsiella pneumoniae had high infection rates.The resistance rates of Escherichia coli and kledsiella pneumoniae to ampoxicillin,ticarcillin were high(87.5%,100%),and the resistance rate of staphylococcus was 85.71%.Conclusion Escherich coli is the main pathogens in the blood culture in our hospital,It suggests that antibiontics should be used rationally and we should reduce drug resistance of bacteria to improve curative effect.


In the method of subjecting a mixture of the polyol product, and the mixture from the hydrogen-based feedstock with one biological reaction comprising a bio-based propylene glycol and ethylene glycol based on one or both of the biological, it has been found may form undesirable epoxides, and the present invention provides for preventing their formation, for removing the epoxide indeed by a specific distillation process, and for these epoxides from one finished, or otherwise in a commercially acceptable means in the glycol-based biological product removed.


Dear Editor: I read the recent publication by Mortensen et al. with great interest. Mortensen et al. reported that ''Short segment Zenker's diverticulum and cricopharyngeal bar can now be addressed completely with a transoral approach.'' The success in the minimally invasive approach by Mortensen is of interest; however, there are some issues of concern. First, with a few subjects and without a good comparative group, the outcome of the new technique cannot be judged regarding whether it is better than the classical approach. Second, there is no report on intraoperative difficulty and long-term postoperative follow-up. Third, the cost of the new approach compared to the added utility should be systematically addressed.


The effect of surface treated sisal fiber on the mechanical, thermal, flammability, and morphological properties of sisal fiber (SF) reinforced recycled polypropylene (RPP) composites was investigated. The surface of sisal fiber was modified with different chemical reagent such as silane, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), and O-hydroxybenzene diazonium chloride (OBDC) to improve the compatibility with the matrix polymer. The experimental results revealed an improvement in the tensile strength to 11%, 20%, and 31.36% and impact strength to 78.72%, 77%, and 81% for silane, GMA, and OBDC treated sisal fiber reinforced recycled Polypropylene (RPP/SF) composites, respectively, as compared to RPP. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and heat deflection temperature (HDT) results revealed improved thermal stability as compared with RPP. The flammability behaviour of silane, GMA, and OBDC treated SF/RPP composites was studied by the horizontal burning rate by UL-94. The morphological analysis through scanning electron micrograph (SEM) supports improves surface interaction between fiber surface and polymer matrix.


Introduction: Patients with motor neuron disease (MND) are sometimes referred for altitude simulation testing (AST) prior to air travel because of the potential for the weak respiratory muscles to be further compromised by the hypoxic conditions experienced during flight. Aim: This study aimed to investigate whether the degree of hypoxaemia occurring in response to the hypoxic challenge of altitude simulation is related to baseline lung function in patients with MND. Method: A retrospective search was performed identifying all patients with MND who had an AST since 2004 and lung function tests (spirometry and maximal respiratory pressures) performed within six months of this. Correlations were performed trying to identify any relationship between lung function variables and the oxygen saturation at simulated altitude (AltSpO2). Results: 36 MND patients were identified with an AST and corresponding lung function data. Mean (SD) FVC was 2.09±0.85L and mean maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) was 23.7±11.6mmHg. The mean sea-level SpO2 was 95.5±1.9% and the mean AltSpO2 was 87.7±4.8%. 8/36 of the patients met the current criteria for in-flight supplemental oxygen (AltSpO2 Conclusion: MIP and sea level SpO2 may be useful in identifying MND patients who do not require an AST prior to air travel.


Introduction: In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy in terms of clinical effectiveness and patients' acceptability regarding the use of dry powder inhaler devices in asthmatic patients. Materials and Methods: Patients with mild-to-moderate asthma were recruited from Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College, Kanpur, India. A total number of patients were divided into three groups and were given different dry powder inhalation devices, randomly Group one-Rotahaler; Group Two-Diskhaler; and Group Three-Transhaler. Spirometry was performed, and the inhalation technique was checked in each follow-up visit. Results: Patients with asthma in all three studied groups improved from the prescribed inhaled steroids, irrespective of the inhalational device. Min Max % as a marker for peak expiratory flow rate variability, improved in all three groups without any significant difference. Predicted forced expiratory volume in the first second percent considered as a marker of asthma severity improved significantly in all patients, but without any significant difference between groups. Conclusion: We conclude that these inhalers, particularly in mild-to-moderate asthma, have comparable efficacy; however, we carried out intensive monitoring and teaching of inhalational technique, which could be the reason behind insignificant difference.


The fifth International Congress of Microbiology, held a t Rio de Janeiro, in August, 1950, gave serious consideration to the question of virus nomenclature. This was discussed bya section of the Congress devoted to Taxonomy, by the International Committee on Nomenclature and its Virus Subcommittee, and by its Judicial Commission. These committees made various dedarations and recommendations. The decision which I am particularly to discuss in this paper was to designate five groups of better-understood animal viruses for special study. With them, in the first instance, an attempt would be made to discover the applicability of certain principles to classification, and perhaps provisional binomials would be suggested for them. The viruses in question were the psittacosis-lymphogranuloma group (Chlamydozoaceae), the insectpathogenic viruses, the pox group, the influenza group, and the arthropodborne encephalitis viruses. For each group of viruses a convener was appointed, with instructions to select one or two other workers with special experience in that field. These small committees were to formulate proposals for treating their particular province of the virus field, to get the views of other workers in that field, to report to the main virus subcommittee and, eventually, to the Sixth International Microbiological Congress to be held in Rome, in 1953. You may well wonder why it was decided to attack the problem piecemeal, and I must, therefore, describe the background of this plan of attack. Inquiries which I carried out before the Rio Congress made it clear that virologists were greatly divided as to the wisdom of applying to viruses binomial names in the Linnaean sense. Questionnaires were sent to about 120 eminent virologists all over the world. Replies were received from 46 plant virologists and 38 animal virologists from 23 countries. The questions were worded so as to allow expression of all shades of opinion, which was rather difficult to do in the case of the American Phytopathological Society's questionnaire. Two out of three animal-virologists thought that binomials should be applied a t some time, but only one in five wanted to do so immediately. If left alone, they would have done nothing about it. Plant pathologists were very evenly divided as to whether binomials could be usefully applied to plant viruses or not. They might have gone on indefinitely, differing from each other peaceably or otherwise. But Dr. Holmes threw into the area a nomenclatorial bomb-shell, which made serious discussion and if possible an agreed decision of a matter of urgency. The position regarding animal viruses is this. The large majority of experienced workers are, to say the least, doubtful of the wisdom of applying binomials to viruses now, but 88 per cent are opposed to the suggested Holmes names. Bergey's "Manual," however, has a large circulation, and some beginners in the virus field feel that they are in the forefront of progress, if they use the names in the latest edition. They do not


Cloud computing offers a massive pool of resources and services that cloud users can utilize for storing and processing their data. The users can flexibly control and reduce their operational expenditures, whereas resources provisioned from the clouds can be dynamically resized to meet their demand and especially budgets. The user, however, has to consider unanticipated and expensive costs from threats associated with attacks aiming for the user's data in the cloud. In this chapter, we discuss the primary causes of new attack vectors that create a multitude of data security issues in clouds. We also discuss specific data security challenges in clouds and provide a classification which can help in an easier understanding.


Background: Many studies revealed that the elderly people are more susceptible to respiratory infections including the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia. The outbreak of the Novel Coronavirus has caused serious psychological and physical damage to the elderly. Tai Chi chuan is both rigid and flexible, with unique breathing and movement rhythms, and has a positive effect on the mental and physical health of the elderly. Related research is scattered in the literature. Research purposes: This article summarizes and analyzes the effects of Tai Chi chuan on the Psychological and Physiological Health of the elderly and its mechanism, and provides corresponding methods of Tai Chi chuan practice for reference when practicing. Provide a reference for the health promotion of the senior citizens under the normalized prevention and control of the epidemic. Methods: literature systematic evaluation, through Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed and other databases to search the literature on the effects of Tai Chi chuan on the health of the elderly, sort out the research progress at home and abroad, and determine the relevant literature for analysis according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study. Results: Through the preliminary screening of literature titles and abstracts, 84 articles were obtained, 64 articles were excluded according to the elimination criteria, and 20 articles were obtained; 15 articles were excluded according to the final criteria, 1 article included based on reference searching, and finally 6 articles were included in the study. Conclusion: Tai Chi chuan has a potential effect on the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of COVID-19. Its potential mechanisms include reducing anxiety, relieving depression and stress, enhancing pulmonary and cardiovascular function, enhancing immunity and improving quality of life.


Objective To explore the surgical technique and clinical outcomes of using free flap from tibial side of the second toe for coverage of finger parenchyma defects. Methods The free flap from tibial side of the second toe was transferred in 30 cases to repair finger parenchyma defect since 2006. Unilateral free flap from tibular side of the second toe was used in 21 cases, bilateral free flaps from tibular side of the second toes were used in 5 cases, and unilateral flap from tibial side of the second toe along with fibular flap from the great toe was transferred in 4 cases. The size of the flaps ranged from 6.0 cm × 3.0 cm to 2.0 cm× 1.5 cm.Results All the transferred free flaps survived. All 30 cases were follow-up for 6 to 12 months. The blood supply, texture, function and appearance of the repaired fingers were excellent. According to Hand Surgery Society of Chinese Medical Association standard for functional evaluation of the upper limb, the excellent rate was 96%. Two-point discrimination of the finger pulp was 6 to 10 mm. Conclusion Free flap from tibial side of the second toe for repairing parenchyma defect of fingers is an ideal method.

Key words:
Surgical flaps;  Finger injuries;  Microsurgery


The conference sessions are entitled 'Instant Information in a Changing Scene'. You will not need me to tell you that 'current affairs information' and 'instant information' are not necessarily always one and the same thing. If I am asked the exact date of the Battle of Trafalgar, and am able to reply at once, then I am giving instant information, but not on a topic of current affairs. Alternatively, on being required to find the very latest official Government statement on a particular subject, and on being given half a day to do so, I am handling a current affairs enquiry on a far‐from‐immediate basis. A very obvious distinction: but one which I know we shall bear in mind throughout today's Conference.


The topological non-Abelian Chern-Simons theory with a boundary is shown to require a scalar field companion in order to preserve overall gauge-invariance both in the 3 dimensional manifold, as well as on its boundary. This scalar field, originally being a pure-gauge Chern-Simons excitation that indicates the most general topological gauge structure in the bulk, is found to be crucial for dynamic scalar excitation on the 2 dimensional generic boundary manifold, the latter naturally representing a conformal mode. This gauge/CFT correspondence is general, for a compact gauge group.


We analyze several random random walks on one-dimensional lattices using spectral analysis and probabilistic methods. Through our analysis, we develop insight into the pre-asymptotic convergence of Markov chains.


The Nalang granitic body located in the middle of the north edge of the Gandise terrane in Northern Tibet has always been regarded as a large batholith bedrock body,but now the practical research work indicates that it is not a whole rock body,but parted by many rock units in two periods.The isotopic age of RbSr shows that the mineralization could have happened in the late Yanshan period.Studies on petrology,trace elements,rare earth elements and isotope verify that the diagenetic environment in the two periods is different from each other.The early crustmantle type is formed in volcanic arc environment while the late crustsource type is formed in syncollision environment.The comparison of the Nalang and Bange granitic bodies,suggests that the juncture area of the Banggong lakeNujiang river plate is the representative of the consuming boundary zone of the midTethys oceanic crust and the Gandise terrane belongs to micromassif separated from the Gondwanaland.


Objective:Protease inhibitors and other antiretroviral drugs have been associated with dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, and increased cardiovascular disease risk. The protease inhibitor atazanavir has an advantageous lipid profile; we studied its effects on arterial function and other metabolic and inflammatory cardiovascular disease risk factors. Design:Prospective, randomized, multinational trial in HIV-infected patients receiving stable protease inhibitor-based therapy with plasma HIV RNA less than 500 copies/ml and fasting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol more than 130 mg/dl, or triglycerides more than 200 mg/dl. Methods:Patients were randomized to continue their current protease inhibitor or switch the protease inhibitor to atazanavir and continue ritonavir if given as a protease inhibitor booster for 24 weeks. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, lipoproteins, and inflammatory and metabolic markers were measured at baseline, week 12, and week 24. Median changes within (signed rank test) and between (Wilcoxon test) arms were calculated. Results:Twenty-six patients switched to atazanavir (all continued on ritonavir); 24 remained on their protease inhibitor regimen. Median CD4 cell count was 499 cells/μl, total cholesterol 204 mg/dl, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 122 mg/dl, and triglycerides 244 mg/dl. There were no significant changes in flow-mediated dilation after 12 and 24 weeks. At 24 weeks, significant changes in the atazanavir vs. continued protease inhibitor group were observed for total cholesterol (−25 vs. +1.5 mg/dl, P = 0.009), triglycerides (−58 vs. +3.5 mg/dl, P = 0.013), and nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−27 vs. −0.5 mg/dl, P = 0.014). Conclusion:In dyslipidemic individuals with suppressed HIV RNA on stable therapy, changing the protease inhibitor to atazanavir/ritonavir for 24 weeks improved lipids; however, endothelial function, inflammatory, and metabolic markers did not change.


Cycling has been an obstacle to coevolution of machine-learning agents. Monotonic algorithms seek continual improvement with respect to a solution concept; seeking an agent or set of agents that approaches the true solution without cycling. Algorithms that guarantee monotonicity generally require unlimited storage. One such algorithm is the Nash Memory, which uses the Nash Equilibrium as the solution concept. The requirement for unbounded storage is an obstacle to the use of this algorithm in large applications. This paper demonstrates the performance of the Nash Memory algorithm with fixed storage in coevolving a population of moderately large agents (with knowledge represented as n-tuple networks) learning a function with a large state space (an evaluation function for the game of Othello). The success of the algorithm results from the diversity of the agents produced, and the corresponding need for improved global performance in order for agents to survive and reproduce. The algorithm can be expected to converge to a region of highest performance within the capability of the search operators.


Reaction of 2(3,4)-pyridinecarboxaldehydes (5) with ethylidenetriphenylphosphorane afford a mixture of stereoisomers Z-(6) and E-1-[2(3,4)-pyridinyl]-1-propenes (7). m-Chloroperbenzoic acid oxidation of 6 and 7 yields a 60:40 mixture of Z-(8) and E-1-[1-oxido-2(3,4)-pyridinyl]-2-methyloxiranes (9). The regiospecific reaction of Z-isomers 8a-c with cyclic amines as piperidine give rise to threo-1-hydroxy-1-[1-oxido-2(3,4)-pyridinyl]-2-(1-piperidino)propanes (10) while the E-isomer 9a yields erythro-11. On tho other hand, the E-isomers 9b and 9c having 1-oxido-3(4)-pyridinyl substituents afford erythro-12 resulting from attack by piperidine at C-1 of the oxirane. Reductive deoxygenation using 10% palladium on charcoal and hydrogen gas effectively removed the N-oxide substituent from the threo-10 and erythro-11 β-aminoalcohols. Dilute solution ir spectroscopy indicated the existance of strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the β-aminoalcohols 10 and 11. The assignment of relative configuration of diastereoisomers 10 and 11 was based on the magnitude of the vicinal coupling constant J where J threo is greater than J erythro.


OBJECTIVE
Histones bind in a sequence-independent manner to form chromatin. The aminoterminal tails of histones are targets for both phosphorylation and acetylation events. These modifications are thought to fundamentally regulate chromatin structure to accommodate transcription, DNA replication, mitosis and DNA repair. Regeneration of squamous epithelium is accompanied by marked cellular atypia, nuclear and nucleolar pleomorphism which could be confused with neoplasia. The aim of the study was to detect phosphorylated and acetylated forms of histone H3 in cytological smears.

DESIGN
Translational research.

SETTING
Department of Experimental Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Department of Pathological Physiology, Medical Faculty and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Masaryk University, Czech Republic.

METHODS
Smears from women aged between 20 to 46 years were selected. The specimens comprised 10 squamous metaplasia, 20 CIN I, 12 CIN II, and 14 CIN III. The smears were stained with polyclonal antibodies against phosphorylated and acetylated forms of histone H3.

RESULTS
We found that nuclear positivity for phosphorylated (P) and acetylated (A) forms of histone H3 in CIN II (23% P, 33% A) and CIN III (25% P, 44% A) was higher in comparison with CIN I (8% P, 15% A) and metaplasia (11% P, 12% A).

CONCLUSION
We revealed a marked association of histone H3 modifications with the progression of CIN II, CIN III in comparison with CIN I and metaplasia. Our results are in agreement with recent findings: 1. staining of cells with anti-phospho-histone H3 antibodies therefore provides a highly specific marker for mitosis. 2. acetylation of nucleosomal histones correlates with localised transcriptional activity.


Mangifera indica (Mango) seed kernel from Nigeria containing about 44% moisture, 6% Protein, 12.8% fat, 32.8% carbohydrate, 2% ash and 0.39% tannin, was defatted by petroleum ether, detoxified by ethanol, thoroughly sundried, then ground and used as supplementary animal diet ingredient.
Feed conversion ratio of diet containing as much as 15% of detoxified mango seed cake showed effective utilization in rats for body-building. Non-detoxified cake consumption by rats showed acceptable rates of in-vivo digestibility and weight gain.
 JARD Vol. 1 2001: pp. 31-38


Polycomb protein chromobox homolog 7 (CBX7) is involved in several biologic processes including stem cell regulation and cancer development, but its roles in breast cancer remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that CBX7 negatively regulates breast tumor initiation. CD44+/CD24‐/ESA+ breast stem‐like cells showed diminished CBX7 expression. Furthermore, small hairpin RNA‐mediated CBX7 knockdown in breast epithelial and cancer cells increased the CD44+/CD24‐/ESA+ cell population and reinforced in vitro self‐renewal and in vivo tumor‐initiating ability. Similarly, CBX7 overexpression repressed these effects. We also found that CBX7 inhibits the Wnt/α‐catenin/T cell factor pathway by enhancing the expression of Dickkopf‐1 (DKK‐1), a Wnt antagonist. In particular, CBX7 increased DKK‐1 transcription by cooperating with p300 acetyltransferase and subsequently enhancing the histone acetylation of the DKK‐1 promoter. Furthermore, pharmacologic inhibition of DKK‐1 in CBX7‐overexpressing cells showed recovery of Wnt signaling and consequent rescue of the CD44+/CD24‐/ESA+ cell population. Taken together, these findings indicate that CBX7‐mediated epigenetic induction of DKK‐1 is crucial for the inhibition of breast tumorigenicity, suggesting that CBX7 could be a potential tumor suppressor in human breast cancer. —Kim, H.–Y., Park, J.–H., Won, H.–Y., Lee, J.–Y., Kong, G., CBX7 inhibits breast tumorigenicity through DKK‐1‐mediated suppression of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. FASEB J. 29, 300–313 (2015). www.fasebj.org


Equations are presented for the surface-slip (or jump) values of species concentration, pressure, velocity, and temperature in the low Reynolds number, high-altitude flight regime of a space vehicle. These are obtained from closed-form solutions of the mass, momentum, and energy flux equations by using the Chapman-Enskog velocity distribution function. This function represents a solution of the Boltzmann equation in the Navier-Stokes approximation. The analysis, obtained for nonequilibrium multicomponent airflow, includes the finite-rare surface catalytic recombination and changes in the internal energy during reflection from the surface. Expressions for the various slip quantities have been obtained in a form which can readily be employed in flow-field computations. A consistent set of equations is provided for multicomponent and binary mixtures and single-species gas. An expression is also provided for the finite-rate species-concentration boundary condition for a multicomponent mixture in the absence of slip.


THE aetiology of acne vulgaris is recognized to-day as being much more complicated than was formerly believed. The infective factor, regarded as the primary cause since the works of Unna and Sabouraud, is now recognized as secondary ; this aspect has been investigated thoroughly by Yap (351). Whitfield's theory of alimentary causation is now regarded as insufficient to explain all the cases. The view of multiple aetiology is gradually gaining ground. Mumford (191) wrote a paper entitled " Acne Vulgaris, a Symptom, not a Disease," in which he stated that it was ' an expression in the skin of malfunction elsewhere." Elson (81) says that it is not a disease entity but a " vast class of diseases grouped under the name acne." Working along these lines different authors have proposed more or less useful classifications :


We investigate numerically polarization dynamics of a quasi-isotropic laser with weak loss anisotropy and a moderate Fresnel number, which involves competition of orthogonally polarized transverse modes. We demonstrate spontaneous formation of the first-, secondand third-order vector modes that reveal polarization structure of full Poincaré beams and show controllable transformations of the laser-field polarization structure and changes in its rotational dynamics.


BACKGROUND: Human neuronal calcium sensor‐1 (NCS‐1) protein with a high charge is extremely sensitive to solution temperature, but whether the change of ion concentration in the solution can change the protein structure and affect the physiological function has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the molecular mechanism of variations of sodium chloride concentration altering conformational dynamics of human NCS‐1. METHODS: Through molecular dynamics simulation, the first two minimum energy models (PDB id: 2LCP) were utilized as the starting states of each independent molecular dynamics simulation of the human NCS‐1 protein. After energy minimization, two different initial structures were used to conduct three independent 500 ns molecular dynamics simulations with explicit solvent for human NCS‐1 protein at 0.1, 0.3 and 1 mol/L sodium chloride concentration. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The slightly high concentration of sodium chloride increased the flexibility of loop L2, simultaneously expanded the global and local structure of NCS‐1 protein. Increase in sodium chloride concentration induced loop L3 to adopt a collapsed state and reduced the connectivity between the starting and ending residues of loop L3. N‐domain and C‐domain interdomain correlation was weakened and the intradomain coupling strengthened. Formation number and the probability of the salt bridges were reduced dramatically, especially at 0.3 mol/L sodium chloride. These findings manifest that human NCS‐1 protein is sensitive to the small variation of sodium chloride concentration, which may alter the key factors on protein conformation. Our study may provide the theoretical reference at the atomic structural insights for probing the conformational variations of human NCS‐1 protein at the different aqueous solutions.


The paper presents approaches to space, educational space, information space in education, information and cognitive space in modern pedagogical science, characterized by their common trends. Actualized in the importance of rethinking the design of educational space for successful professional self-identity as a public interest and social order. In order to improve the process of professional self awareness is proposed to consider the cognitive space that includes an educational portal. High school students have the opportunity to see the range of directions / profiles of the educational institution, the specificity of the educational process, practices and future employment, as well as the announcement of events taking place at the university, and to take active part in them. This allows high school students in the process of informal dialogue with the students enrolled at the university in different courses and directions, become informed on a wide range of vocational training. The author considers science approaches to understanding the professional self. Marked specificity and peculiarities of this process in boys and girls.


This paper proposes a chaos control scheme for stabilizing chaotic systems in the presence of external disturbances. The scheme is based on a twisting-like algorithm, which consists of a state feedback control law and the twisting algorithm (TA). The TA is one of the promising high-order sliding-mode control algorithms. The Lyapunov direct method is utilized to derive a sufficient stability condition. The condition is formulated in a Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) form and therefore is readily solved. The Lorenz system with an external disturbance is used as a demonstrative example. Numerical results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.


Microwave imager forms thermal-emissivity image of solid portion of planet Venus and provides data on the planet's atmosphere, surface, terminator, and temperature changes. These thermally produced multifrequency microwaves for image production of temperature profiles can be applied to water pollution monitoring, agriculture, and forestry survey.


This paper presents a new method for the reliability analysis of multi-stage production lines with unreliable machines and finite buffers, based on the modeling of probabilistic flow. First, a new concept-production balance ratio is introduced, and the related equations are derived. Second, the system state equations are solved analytically. The computational burden is reduced and the computing precision of the reliability index is increased. Then, the reliability formulae of system throughput, availability, mean sojorn time and mean inventory are derived. Finally, some examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


An extensiveliteraturehasevolved over thepast thirty yearswhich has supported the use of a range of meditative techniques for the treatment of various medical and psychological conditions (Benson & Wallace, 1972; Benson, Frankel, ApfeLet al., 1978; DelMonte, 1985; Fulton, 1990; Goldberg, 1982; Kabat-Zinn, Lipworth & Burney, 1985; Kabat-Zinn, Lipworth, Burney & Sellers, 1986; Kabat-Zinn et al., 1992; Miller, Fletcher & Kabat-Zinn, 1995; Moyers, 1993; Murphy & Donovan, 1988;Noetic ScienceInstitute Staff, 1993).During the past decade there has been a growing literature on the adjunctive use of various Eastern meditative techniques with traditional psychotherapeutic models to enrich and enhance the therapeutic process and promote psychological healing and states of well being (Atwood & Mahin, 1991;Bogart, 1991;Craven,l989; DelMonte; 1989,1990;Gear, 1991;Kutz, Borysenko& Benson, 1985;Kutzet al., 1985).It is alsobecomingmoreapparent that some of the non-ordinarystates that can be achieved throughmeditation parallel the non-ordinary states of hypnosis and self-hypnosis, and all these techniques can be used to work with trauma survivors (Benningfield, 1992; Briere & Runtz, 1987; Coulson, 1993;Spiegel& Cardena, 1990).A recent article described the phenomena of the unveiling of previously repressed memories or emotions through meditation practice in clinical and non-clinical settings (Miller, 1993).This same phenomena frequently occurs during the process of psychotherapy with individuals who have significantpast histories of trauma. Adverse effects of meditation have been previously described(Castillo, 1990;Epstein & Lieff, 1986;Miller, 1993;Shapiro,1992).


The improvement of the structure is considered and the justification of the parameters of a multifunctional converter unit with a series connection of inverters for a combined electric power system of a local object with a photovoltaic battery is performed. There are obtained dependences of the amplitude of the ripple of the output current of the inverters, the error for fundamental harmonic, and the relation for determining the values of the inverter input voltage, reactor inductance, and PWM frequency according to the mains voltage and the maximum value of the inverter current, when it combines the functions of the active power filter. The single-channel control system structure with a slave current control loop with a common channel of current deviation for inverters has been improved. The external controller is determined by the operating mode: when working in parallel with the network, it is the current (voltage) controller of the photovoltaic battery, which under current conditions has less power; in the absence of energy production - the input voltage controller of one of the inverters; in standalone mode - load voltage controller.


New viscometric assay of chitinase was investigated using 6-O-hydroxypropyl-chitin (HPC) as a substrate. Compared with 6-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)-chitin (HEC) which has been used the usual substrate for chitinase, (1) HPC is far easier on preparation, and (2) HPC is essentially identical to HEC in point of viscometric sensitivity. It seems, therefore, HPC is able to be a good substrate for chitinase assay.


* Ideal for groups of three to six students * Suitable for Intermediate to Upper Intermediate students * Easy-to-organise activities including: ice-breakers; role-plays; guided discussions; problem-solving; quizzes and games


Glass fiber,aperture aerosil,SiO_2 and molecular sieve were compared when used as the carrier materials in immobilizing nanometer TiO_2.Comparatively,glass fiber had the highest carrying capacity.With methyl orange as the simulacrum of the photocatalytic reaction,the photocatalytic properties of the nanometer TiO_2 immobilized by various carriers were determined.Glass fiber,which had the highest carrying capacity,showed the highest catalystic activity.


This paper describes a practical procedure for estimating the master curves for several properties of bituminous mixes e.g. dynamic stiffness, compressive strength and tensile strength. The procedure is based on the principle of time-temperature correspondence. The generalized sigmoidal model, which is based on physical observations, has been suggested to describe the master curves for these properties. The model parameters together with the activation energy parameter (delta H) of the Arrhenius equation can be obtained using non-linear least square regression techniques. In this contribution the validity of the generalized sigmoidal model to describe the master curves for those properties of asphaltic mixes is demonstrated. In addition, it is also shown that the delta H, which can be obtained from a rather quick (cheap) test e.g. indirect tensile test, can be used to estimate the master curves for other properties which are rather difficult or expensive to determine experimentally e.g. direct tensile test. The capabilities of the models have been tested by predicting different properties for 5 different asphaltic mixes within an error of +/- 15%, which is the same margin of error expected when testing asphaltic mixes due to their heterogeneous nature, sampling, and testing operations. For the covering abstract see ITRD E121480.


mer-[Co(dpt)2] Cl3 [dpt = di(3-aminopropyl)amine] has been obtained from substitution or oxidation reactions in non-aqueous solvents, and transformed to the perchlorate salt. The different form of the 13C n.m.r. spectrum to that of mer-[Co(dien)2]3+ (dien = diethylenetriamine), and variation of the spectrum with basicity, is taken to indicate high conformational mobility of the coupled six-membered chelate rings of the mer structure. Slow hydrolysis occurs in neutral water (but is prevented by acid), and the hydrolysis product has been isolated. The s-fac and u-fac [Co(dpt)2]3+ isomers have not been detected chromatographically in the preparations, and any isomerization of the mer isomer is masked by the hydrolysis. X-ray crystallographic analysis shows that the isolated hydrolysis product is the racemic geometric isomer (C2 symmetry) of [(dpt)Co(OH)3Co(dpt)] (ClO4)3. Each facially coordinated dpt adopts the ring conformations chair, irregular-boat. The crystals are monoclinic, space group P21/n, with a 15.053(5), b 13.964(2), c 14.010(3) A, β 109.90(2)o. The structure was refined by blocked-matrix least-squares techniques to an R factor (3190F) of 0.032.


Starting from a procedure centered in group creation - the emancipatory survey - this article discusses with the academic community some of the problems related to the strategic management of the university. Strategic management deals precisely with the sistematization of practices and processes capable of overcoming problematic situations. In such a context, the author's proposal of intervention aims at preparing and promoting the sistematic introduction of strategic management in a university, in order to generate a "pro-active culture" or, more particularly, a "managerial knowledge fund", indispensable to the process of institutional criticism and group creation. This new approach would be the instrument to achieve emancipation, by creatively reordinating the academic activities and relating them to the needs of the social environment.


Sabah has the largest number of β-thalassaemia major (β-TM) patients in Malaysia with estimated over 1000 cases of transfusion dependent β-TM patients. However,complete molecular characterisation of thalassaemia major patients has not been done. The objective for this study is to characterise the molecular spectrum in Sabah population through β- and α-globin gene genotyping, identifying XmnI Gγ-polymorphism, haplotyping for β-globin gene cluster and to develop an ideal diagnostic algorithm and tools which is suitable for this population. In this study, 252 β-TM patients (Group I) and 165 carriers (Group II) were recruited from ten different hospitals in Sabah. Filipino β0-deletion was the predominant mutation identified in the Kadazandusun, Rungus, Murut, Sungai and Bajau. A total of 219 (86.9%) β-TM patients were identified as homozygous Filipino β0-deletion. HbE and Hb Malay were found as the most common Hb variants to co-inherit with Filipino β0-deletion. Some common mutations in West Malaysia were found to coexist with Filipino β0-deletion. This can be due to intermarriage between different ethnic groups. Carriers showed the frequency of Filipino β0-deletion at 95.2% (n=157). Only seven (4.2%) carriers were found with point mutations commonly seen in West Malaysia. High frequency of co-inheritance of -α3.7 deletion was found in the Sabah β-thalassaemia population. Co-inheritance of heterozygous -α3.7 deletion was found in 67 (26.6%) β-TM patients and 42 (25.3%) carriers. Co-inheritance of homozygous -α3.7 deletion was found in seven (2.8%) β-TM patients and six (3.6%) carriers. This may be related to the natural selection and protection for survival from severe malaria (Plasmodium Falciparum). Only type I of -α3.7 deletion was observed in this study population, indicating that the population has a single origin. XmnI Gγ polymorphism was reported with higher Gγ-globin gene expression. Clinical presentation will be ameliorated in homozygous states. In this study, XmnI (-/-) genotype was found in 237 (94%) β-TM patients and 156 (94.4%) carriers, indicating low existence of this polymorphism as an ameliorating factor. In haplotyping analysis, seven haplotype patterns were inferred in 417 samples consisting of 252 β-TM patients and 165 carriers. Hp I (+ - - - -) was the predominant pattern demonstrated in 98.14% of the population. This suggested a unicentric origin and an apparent single origin with low genetic diversity. This is the first report to demonstrate Hp I in the Sabah population with Filipino β0-deletion. Two new diagnostic tools, Taqman and HRM analysis were developed using realtime detection for Filipino β0-deletion. Taqman analysis was found more ideal as a
 diagnostic tool by having high specificity and sensitivity although it is more expensive. An added advantage is that there is no requirement for post-PCR processing. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) analysis is an efficient technique for the screening of large deletions which can be included in the diagnosis algorithm provided technical expertise and necessary funding are available. This study reveals a notable regional specificity of the β- and α-thalassaemia mutations, which are Filipino β0-deletion and -α3.7 deletion. XmnI polymorphism is uncommon in this study population. From the haplotype analysis and type of -α3.7 deletion, the findings suggested that the Sabah population with β-thalassaemia may belong to the same stock with similar origin. Taqman analysis is more ideal as a diagnostic tool. The findings from this study are informative for molecular diagnosis in the Sabah population with β-thalassaemia.


We explore the cosmic evolution of radio luminous active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with low radio powers (L1.4 GHz ≲ 5 × 1025 W Hz−1) out to z = 1.3 using to date the largest sample of ∼600 low-luminosity radio AGN at intermediate redshift drawn from the VLA–COSMOS survey. We derive the radio-luminosity function for these AGNs, and its evolution with cosmic time assuming two extreme cases: (1) pure luminosity and (2) pure density evolution. The former and latter yield L* ∝ (1 + z)0.8 ± 0.1, and Φ* ∝ (1 + z)1.1 ± 0.1, respectively, both implying a fairly modest change in properties of low-radio-power AGNs since z = 1.3. We show that this is in stark contrast with the evolution of powerful (L1.4 GHz > 5 × 1025 W Hz−1) radio AGN over the same cosmic time interval, constrained using the 3CRR, 6CE, and 7CRS radio surveys by Willot et al. We demonstrate that this can be explained through differences in black hole fueling and triggering mechanisms, and a dichotomy in host galaxy properties of weak and powerful AGNs. Our findings suggest that high- and low-radio-power AGN activities are triggered in different stages during the formation of massive red galaxies. We show that weak radio AGN occur in the most massive galaxies already at z ∼ 1, and they may significantly contribute to the heating of their surrounding medium and thus inhibit gas accretion onto their host galaxies, as recently suggested for the "radio mode" in cosmological models.


Leaf water potential is the best parameter of estimating plant water status, evaluation from Penman-Monteith transpiration formula or retrieval from remote sensing data has complex calculations, too many parameters, poor transplantations and high costs. This paper selects accessible micro-environment factors of plant as auxiliary variables, and establishes a leaf water potential soft-sensing model with RBF neural network. Simulation result shows that this model is simple and practical, and has higher accuracy. It is one of effective methods estimating plant water status on line.


SUMMARYOwing to the absence of reflections otherwise considered in psychopathological work, we have arrived at an elementary and fragmentary approach. With a view to getting beyond this method of attack it is required to form a theory on the usage of language and the communicative actions. Such theory must be based on the assumption that language acquires its meaning via its usage, not as generally believed by psychologists, by a reproduction of reality. One of the consequences is that a discrimination between linguistic competence and other cognitive processes cannot be maintained. Another consequence wich may be of even greater importance is that theories cannot be held to reproduce reality. A theory acquires its meaning and its justification via practice.


This study examines the characteristics, consequences, and potential causes of patient abuse in U.S. nursing homes. Using standard thematic content analysis, 488 incidents of abuse reported to Medicaid Fraud Control Units throughout the nation were reviewed. Results suggest that the presence of a witness, gender of the offender in relation to the victim, and job-related factors have important implications in the prevention of nursing home patient abuse.


Russia is the third largest producer of cast pig iron, and today ranks as one of the most important pig iron exporters. Tulachermet, OAO is the world's leading producer of merchant pig iron, although still remains outperformed by some of its competitors in terms of technological innovation. Tulachermet's mission is to significantly improve its competitiveness by developing cutting edge and cost effective technologies; reengineering and modernizing of blast-furnace plan.


Unfortunately, despite all the internationalization of research, it still happens that important books are published in a local language and are thus condemned to a limited audience and impact. This is the case with Holtwisch's substantial study of the non-compliance procedure of the Kyoto Protocol. Long considered an arcane subject, the importance of non-compliance rules in international climate policy is now dawning even on the most practical businessman, who wants to know whether the carbon market will exist in 10 years from now. So far, there has been no comprehensive study of the non-compliance rules available, only one edited volume (Stokke et al., 2005), a few scattered articles in law journals (e.g. Wang and Wiser, 2003) and unpublished theses (Crossen, 2004). Holtwisch's book, a legal PhD thesis from the University of Frankfurt, dissects the Kyoto Protocol's compliance procedure from all possible angles. The introductory chapter gives an overview of anthropogenic climate change and the international climate policy regime. A synoptic table of the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol allows a quick comparison of the two treaties. In Chapter 2, Holtwisch surveys all the multilateral environmental agreements with regard to their non-compliance rules. He finds that the Kyoto Protocol was only the fourth agreement to have such a procedure (the first being the Montreal Protocol), and the first one to have an enforcement committee, which has become a common feature of the four compliance procedures agreed since. The history of the negotiation of the non-compliance rules is described in detail and even includes photos from the negotiation sessions, which gives a human touch to the process. Holtwisch shows how the compliance issue moved into the centre stage of negotiations in The Hague and Bonn and points out that the Bonn Agreement benefited from the absence of the Russian minister at a key moment and the defection of Iceland, New Zealand and Norway from the Umbrella Group, which persisted at the Marrakech COP and thus enabled the EU and G-77 to get most of their demands reflected in the compliance text of the Marrakech Accords. However, the reader would have benefited from a more direct discussion of the negotiation positions of different countries and blocks. For example, the unwillingness of Japan to have a legally binding compliance regime which almost scuppered the negotiations at COP-6 bis in 2001 is not mentioned at all.


An ultrasound-assisted homogeneous ionic liquid microextraction tandem high performance liquid chromatography(UAHILME-HPLC) method was developed and applied to the determination of four tanshinones(dihydrotanshinone, tanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, and tanshinone IIA) expressed in Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza. A water-soluble ionic liquid and water were used as the extraction solvent and extraction media, respectively. The target analytes were extracted using the ultrasound technique. The ion-pairing agent was added to this extraction solution, resulting in the formation of a water-insoluble ionic liquid, which was separated by centrifugation. The separated ionic liquid section was subjected to HPLC analysis. The results of this analysis identified the optimal experimental conditions for UA-HILME to be: 140 μL of the [C8MIM][BF4] extraction solvent, 1 m L of 0.6 mol/L NH4PF6 ion-pairing agent, p H of the sample solution at 5.0, an initial extraction temperature of 50 ℃, 5 min ultrasound extraction time, and 200 W ultrasonic power. All target compounds showed a good linear relationship(r 0.9996) in the linear range. The observed limits of detection and quantification were 0.02~0.04 μg/m L and 0.07~0.13 μg/m L, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precision(RSD) was lower than 3.23% and 4.57%, respectively. The spiked sample recovery rate ranged from 83.50% to 96.23%. This method combined the processes of extraction, concentration, purification, and separation, does not require any volatile organic solvents, and shows good results despite a short extraction time and small sample size. Therefore, this method could be widely applied to the extraction and analysis of active components in medicinal plants.


Four new models of hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) are worked out. They increase the tolerance to complete global cerebral ischemia. In models of germochamber and of chemical preconditioning the role of adenosine A-receptors for this neuroprotective effect (NPE) was revealed, in model of cobalt the A)-receptor main role. HPC induces hypothermia, which correlates with increase in tolerance to ischemia.


This research arises from the importance of vocational schools' existence through efforts preparing students to become workers ready. This is aimed at reducing unemployment and improving the economy in Indonesia. School partnership management is an effort to align the learning process with the needs of the workforce in the industrial and business world. This research focused on how to plan, organize, implement, and evaluate school partnerships in improving the quality of education with Teaching Factory at SMKN 1 Tanjung and SMKN Murung Pudak in Tabalong Regency, South Kalimantan Province. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a multisite research design. This research conducts three data collection techniques, namely: (1) in-depth interviews, (2) observation, and (3) Documentation and multi-site research. The subjects of this study are the principals, all parts of the vice principals, teachers, educators, and students in SMKN 1 Tanjung and SMKN Murung Pudak Tabalong. The research was analyzed using an interactive data analysis model from Humberman and Miles, with the following stages: data collection, data collection, drawing conclusions, and checking the validity of the findings with credibility, dependability, and con-firmability. The collected data is analyzed with a single site, followed by cross-site analysis. The research shows that the relationship of partnership schools in increasing the quality of education at SMKN 1 Tanjung and SMKN Murung Pudak Tabalong has done a partnership school with the business or industry in several ways: based through the vision of the school's mission, goal-setting partnership, programming work, schools actively communicate with the world of work, the synchronization of curriculum, teacher education, and training, internship in the industry, guest teachers from school partners, equalization of facilities and infrastructure, and the school's efforts to convince school partners. Industrial practice is done as if it were in the real world of work so that it is following the Teaching Factory program.


Abstract The paper covers some general heritage philosophy which applies in the areas of built, natural and indigenous heritage, and explores how that philosophy is viewed or understood by the general public, by enthusiasts and by heritage specialists or professionals. It then moves specifi cally to engineering heritage and shows its value for present and future generations in various ways. It suggests ways of appropriate conservation through reference to the Burra Charter and Engineering Conservation Guidelines. The processes are illustrated through examples of a range of engineering heritage with which the author has been involved. The conclusion drawn is that engineering heritage indeed matters, but its value is enhanced or diminished by the way it is handled.


In this study, we reassess crustal contamination and sulfide ore-forming processes in some of the largest magmatic ore deposits, using published Re-Os isotope data and a modeling methodology that incorporates the R factor, defined as the effective mass of silicate magma with which a given mass of sulfide magma has equilibrated, in an Re-Os isotope mixing equation. We show that there is less disparity between conclusions based on Re-Os isotope data compared to other isotopic systems if the R factor is considered. Komatiite-associated Ni sulfide ore systems typically have high Os concentrations. low Re/Os ratios, and near-chondritic initial Os isotope compositions. For magmatic sulfide ores that are interpreted to have experienced relatively low R factors ( 10,000 for Noril'sk-Talnakh and the J-M reef, Stillwater Complex). In these very dynamic magmatic ore systems, crustal contamination processes are more difficult to assess using Re-Os isotopes as the effects of contamination are masked by the R factor process in which sulfide magma equilibrates with extensive amounts of asthenospheric mantle-derived magma. Sulfide protore for these systems may, then, have been very radiogenic and of crustal origin prior to R factor processes that occurred during transport in feeder conduits and in upper crustal magma chambers. This study, therefore, highlights the need for caution when interpreting the Re-Os isotope geochemistry of sulfide ores from dynamic magmatic systems. The results of our reinvestigation of these giant ore deposits suggest that geodynamic processes associated with large magmatic systems, including major lithospheric pathways to the surface, changes in flow regime, coupled magma flow-through and magma mixing (providing enhanced R factors), may be critical to our understanding of the emplacement, localization, and quality of magmatic sulfide deposits. Thus, the timing and exact mechanism of sulfide saturation may be subordinate to dynamic magmatic processes in the localization of economic concentrations of magmatic sulfides.


Lung cystic lesions. Coordination among healthcare levels Given the occurrence of lung masses in an imaging test, the differential diagnosis of various entities is considered, including neoplastic pathology or infections such as hydatidosis. Coordination among different healthcare levels allows a more efficient management of the clinical situation.


Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an enterically transmitted pathogen that causes wide scale epidemics of acute hepatitis in highly HEV-endemic areas such as Africa, Asia and the Middle East. HEV can cause chronic infection and cirrhosis in the immunosuppressed, including patients with HIV-1 infection. Little is known about HEV and HIV-1 co infection in Sudan. Objectives: The aim of this study was to detect seroprevalence of HEV antibodies (IgG and IgM) among HIV-1 infected patients in Khartoum, Sudan. Materials and methods: This was descriptive and cross-sectional study, a total of 92 HIV-1 infected patients were tested for anti-HEV IgM and IgG by, using enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), in period from December 2015 to March 2016. Result: Out of 92 HIV-1 infected patients, anti-HEV IgG and IgM were detected in 21.7% and 8.7% respectively. HIV-1 infected patients complaining of liver cirrhosis and jaundice were 5 (5.43%) and 46 (50%) respectively. The prevalence of anti-HEV IgG and IgM were 100% and 60% within patient with liver cirrhosis, and 32.6% and 10.9% within patients with


soft tissue in a lower extremity with combined skeletal and vascular injuries can be difficult to manage. This case report describes successful reconstruction using an extraanatomic graft for recurrent bleeding in the setting of a postoperative soft tissue infection complicated with skeletal and vascular injuries. A 59-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department after a tractor rollover accident. His Injury Severity Score was 41 points. He had multiple pelvic bone fractures and a left common femoral artery injury with soft tissue loss. The injured arteries with skin defect were initially managed with endarterectomy and primary repair. However, the sepsis secondary to the infection from a skin defect became uncontrolled. The infected wound developed massive hemorrhage from the repaired arteries. Supportive measures were initiated to achieve hemostasis but unsuccessful. We performed an anastomosis with a prosthetic graft from the common iliac artery to the femoral artery above the knee, avoiding the wound through the lateral side of the anterior superior iliac spine. After revascularization, the patient recovered uneventfully. An extraanatomic graft reconstruction should be considered early when the autologous vein is unsuitable.


The thermal degradation of three polymeric peroxides of styrene monomers with substituents in the para position was studied at various temperatures (65, 75, 85, and 95°C). A continuous distribution model was used to evaluate the rate coefficients for the random-chain and chain-end scission degradation from the evolution of molecular weight distributions with time. The activation energy determined from the temperature dependence of the rate coefficients was in the range 18-22 kcal mol-1. This result suggests that the thermal degradation of polyperoxide is controlled by the dissociation of the O - O bonds in the polymer backbone. The thermal stability for poly(p-methylstyrene peroxide) lies in between that of poly(p-tert-butylstyrene peroxide) (highest) and poly(p-bromostyrene peroxide) (lowest).


The eye is ideally suited for diagnostic imaging with very high frequency (>35 MHz) ultrasound (VHFU) because of its peripheral location and cystic structure. VHFU allows high resolution visualization of pathologies affecting the anterior segment of the eye, including tumors, cysts, foreign bodies, and corneal pathologies. We developed a series of prototype instruments suitable for ophthalmic studies using both polymer and lithium niobate transducers, with digitization of radiofrequency echo data at up to 500 MHz. While initially using linear scan geometries, we subsequently developed an arc‐shaped scan matched to the curvature of the 0.5‐mm‐thick cornea to circumvent the effect of specular deflection of the ultrasound beam produced by the corneas curved surface. This technique allowed us to obtain data across the entire cornea and determination of the thickness of each corneal layer, including the epithelium (approximately 50 microns in thickness) and the surgically induced interface produced in LASIK, t...


The Crab Nebula and its associated pulsar NP0531+21 were observed during a balloon flight of the Durham MK1 high resolution spectrometer on June 6, 1981. The data indicate two significant line features of energies of 404.7 and 1049.8 keV with intensities of (7.2 + or - 2.1) x 0.001 and (12.0 + or - 0.5) x 0.01/5. After subtracting instrumental resolution, the widths of these lines were determined to be (3.5 + or - 1.4) keV and (6.3 + or - 1.6) keV at 404.7 and 1049.8 keV respectively. A third line at 78.8 keV was detected as a transient event with a peak intensity of (1.1 + or - 0.3) x 0.01 photons sq cm/s and a width 1.5 keV. It is shown that all three line features are consistent with a point source located at the Crab.


The oscillation characteristics of Gyrotron FU CW GIII and its wave frequency and output power dependences on the magnetic field strength, the gun coil current, and the anode voltage were investigated experimentally. The experimental results were analyzed theoretically using a self-consistent code that included the electron properties in the cavity, corresponding to the actual operating conditions in the experiments. As a result, it was found that the variation in frequency with the magnetic field strength was related to an axial profile change in the electromagnetic wave in the cavity. In addition, the optimal condition that gives the maximum output power was found to be determined by the pitch factor rather than by the electron beam radius under the given operating conditions.


The aim of this work is to design and fabricate bio-active concrete tiles which encourage rapid plant coverage of building walls and urban spaces with vegetation. A design comprises two different types of tile, which one of them intends to be used as a planter for a variety of climbing vegetation. Through the process of designing and manufacturing suitable mould for tiles, a complex macro pattern was developed to ensure water retention on the structural surface. The results of this work provide an alternative solution to the existing green wall systems by implementation of a bioreceptive cementitious material.


This paper explains the design of analog receiver circuit of Magnetic Induction Tomography (MIT) system. MIT is a relatively new and cheap tomography technique that offers unique features. The signal conditioning module is made to process signal from the 8-coils MIT sensor which detects metal objects. The voltage levels received at the sensor will become the input for the circuit, and the output has to match with the input specification of digital back-end. The input of subsequent stages must be in form of a clean DC signal containing information of amplitude of the receiver coil's voltage. The combination of circuitry suits receiver sensor characteristics and would satisfy MIT system requirement for both material (low frequency) and biological (high frequency up to 5 MHz) applications.